Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.2 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 65 3960378 3959601 2026-05-18T04:00:27Z Grufo 64423 /* Nexus externi */ +{{[[Formula:CommuniaCat|CommuniaCat]]}} 3960378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Videdis|Apuleius (discretiva)}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:William-Adolphe Bouguereau - The abduction of Psyche, 1895.jpg|thumb|''Metamorphoseon'' Apulei partem clarissimam, [[Psyche (persona mythistorica)|Psychen]] ab [[Amor]]e raptam. Pinxit [[Gulielmus Adolphus Bouguereau]].]] {{res|Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis}} ([[Madaura]]e in [[provincia]] [[Africa (provincia)|Africana]] anno circiter [[125]] natus; anno [[180]] fere mortuus) fuit [[scriptor]], [[philosophus]], [[orator]]. Neque umquam negavit se Africanum, rectius "Seminumidam et Semigaetulum" esse. == Opera Apuleii == Apuleium in eis esse numerandum, qui post [[Res Publica Romana|rem publicam]] liberam amissam a sophistis veteribus profecti sunt, ex partibus [[oratio]]num [[genera dicendi|generis demonstrativi]] apparet, quae ''Florida'' inscriptae extant: * {{Op|[[De deo Socratis]]}} * {{Op|[[De mundo (Apuleius)|De mundo]]}} * {{Op|[[De Platone et eius dogmate]]}} * {{Op|[[Florida (Apuleius)|Florida]]}} * {{Op|[[De magia (Apuleius)|De magia]]}} sive {{Op|Apologia}} * {{Op|[[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)|Metamorphoses]]}} vel {{Op|Asinus aureus}} == De magia == ''Floridis'' cum audientes delectare vellet, hac oratione, quam ante annum [[160]] habuisse videtur, iocis remotis serio causam dici oportuit. Oratori itaque accusator refellendus, iudex conciliandus erat. Quamobrem omnia hic invenies, quibus niti solebat, qui causas egit. Quodsi tamen Apuleium ad sophistas illos recentiores respexisse constat, id eo efficitur, quod eruditionem ubique ostendit ingentem, scriptores omnium generum saepe repetivit, saepe digressus mores castigavit hominum, multis collationibus argumenta narratiunculisque ornavit, multos denique sales aspersit. Quae cum ita sint, dubium non est, quin Apuleius hoc tanto ornatu non eis tantum, qui in foro se audirent, sed ceteris etiam, quos se lecturos speraret, placere voluerit. == Editiones == * Vincent Hunink, ed., ''Apuleius of Madauros: Pro Se De Magia (Apologia)''. 2 voll. Amstelodami: Gieben, 1997 [https://www.vincenthunink.nl/apologybook.htm Textus interretialis] *[[Collection des Universités de France]]ː ''Metamorphoses'', tria volumina, 1940-1945 curantibus D.S. Robertson et Paul Valette; ''Apologia, Florides'' curante Paul Valette, 1922 == Plura legere si cupis == * Louis Callebat, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3371844g.texteImage Sermo cotidianus dans les Métamorphoses d'Apulée]'', Cadomi, Faculté des Lettres et sciences humaines, 1967 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/rea_0035-2004_1971_num_73_1_3895_t1_0250_0000_2 Recensio critica] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1970_num_39_1_1587_t1_0251_0000_2 Altera recensio critica] * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 514-528 {{NexInt}} * [[Metamorphoses (Apuleius)]] * [[Pamphile (Apuleius)]] * [[La Belle et la Bête]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Apuleius|Lucium Apuleium}} {{vicifons|Lucius Apuleius|Lucium Apuleium}} {{victionarium|Lucius Apuleius|Lucium Apuleium}} {{fontes biographici}} * [http://www.intratext.com/IXT/LAT0533/ Opera Apuleii] {{Lifetime|saeculo 2|saeculo 2|Apuleius, Lucius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Oratores]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Africae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Africae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Lucius Apuleius Madaurensis| ]] iz34k96z3lzv10t3m97fx1vc26g8eb9 0 860 3960426 3887796 2026-05-18T07:50:21Z Pzik 209537 add reference regarding pH applications in cosmetic science 3960426 wikitext text/x-wiki <ref>[https://pzik.com/ph-in-skincare-formulation-for-healthy-skin-and-efficacy/ "pH in Skincare Formulation for Healthy Skin and Efficacy"], PZIK, 2026.</ref>'''Potentia hydrogenii''' ([[abbreviatio]] '''pH''')<ref>Christian Blaise et Jean-François, [http://books.google.com/books?id=OPtUgqnXAKsC&pg=PA121&dq=S.+P.+L.+S%C3%B8rensen+potentia+hydrogenii "Small-scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations: Hazard assessment schemes,"]</ref> vel '''pondus hydrogenii''' est numerus qui statum [[aqua]]e indicat, utrum [[basis (chemia)|basicum]] aut [[acidum]] sit. == Definitio == [[Fasciculus:PH scale.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Potentia Hydrogenii (Anglice).]] Potentia hydrogenii est [[logarithmus]] basi decem [[concentratio]]nis<ref>Ernestus Gotthold Struve D., ''Paradoxum chymicum sine igne'', Ienae, 1715, apud Ernestum Claudium Bailliar, p. 55. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=s8MPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT62&lpg=PT62&dq=concentrationibus&source=bl&ots=g6-lXUDh65&sig=_LFxoUn2xECZDsD0_jbEtnhzhIk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=hfdfT8_FCOni0QHy2tynBw&sqi=2&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=concentrationibus&f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}.</ref> [[proton]]ium in aqua multiplicatus cum –1. Quia protona in solutione aquea ad [[molecula]]m aquae adducta, non libera, sunt, concentratio qua uti oportet est [[ion]]tium [[hydronium|hydroniorum]], qua :<math>pH = - \log [ H_3O^{+}]</math> Similiter potentia [[hydroxidum|hydroxidi]] pOH calculari potest: :<math>pOH = - \log [ OH^{-}]</math> Quia in aqua [[constans aequilibrii aquae]] efficit ut productum concentrationum horum iontium 10^-14 aequet, conexus inter pH et pOH demonstratur esse :<math>pH + pOH = 14</math> qua calculari aequivalenter postest: <math>pH = 14 - pOH</math> vel <math>pOH = 14 - pH</math>. == Acidus aut alcalinus == * Liquor est [[acidum|acidus]] cum eius pH est infra septem. * Liquor est [[basis (chemia)|basicus]] cum eius pH est supra septem. * Liquor est neutralis cum pH aequat septem. === Exempla === * [[Pila autocinetica]]: pH = 0–1; * [[Acetum]]: pH = 3–4 * [[Coffeum]]: pH = 5 * [[Aqua destillata]]: pH = 7 * [[Oceanus|Aqua marina]]: pH = 8 * [[Ammonia]]: pH = 11 * [[Potassa]]: pH = 13–14 == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} kvke8elkl9fjg4baow7b2ldcvzdkrsj 3960427 3960426 2026-05-18T08:02:20Z Grufo 64423 Abrogans recensionem 3960426 ab usore [[User:Pzik|Pzik]] ([[User talk:Pzik|Disputatio]] | [[Special:Contributions/Pzik|conlationes]]) -spam 3960427 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Potentia hydrogenii''' ([[abbreviatio]] '''pH''')<ref>Christian Blaise et Jean-François, [http://books.google.com/books?id=OPtUgqnXAKsC&pg=PA121&dq=S.+P.+L.+S%C3%B8rensen+potentia+hydrogenii "Small-scale Freshwater Toxicity Investigations: Hazard assessment schemes,"]</ref> vel '''pondus hydrogenii''' est numerus qui statum [[aqua]]e indicat, utrum [[basis (chemia)|basicum]] aut [[acidum]] sit. == Definitio == [[Fasciculus:PH scale.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|Potentia Hydrogenii (Anglice).]] Potentia hydrogenii est [[logarithmus]] basi decem [[concentratio]]nis<ref>Ernestus Gotthold Struve D., ''Paradoxum chymicum sine igne'', Ienae, 1715, apud Ernestum Claudium Bailliar, p. 55. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=s8MPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT62&lpg=PT62&dq=concentrationibus&source=bl&ots=g6-lXUDh65&sig=_LFxoUn2xECZDsD0_jbEtnhzhIk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=hfdfT8_FCOni0QHy2tynBw&sqi=2&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=concentrationibus&f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}.</ref> [[proton]]ium in aqua multiplicatus cum –1. Quia protona in solutione aquea ad [[molecula]]m aquae adducta, non libera, sunt, concentratio qua uti oportet est [[ion]]tium [[hydronium|hydroniorum]], qua :<math>pH = - \log [ H_3O^{+}]</math> Similiter potentia [[hydroxidum|hydroxidi]] pOH calculari potest: :<math>pOH = - \log [ OH^{-}]</math> Quia in aqua [[constans aequilibrii aquae]] efficit ut productum concentrationum horum iontium 10^-14 aequet, conexus inter pH et pOH demonstratur esse :<math>pH + pOH = 14</math> qua calculari aequivalenter postest: <math>pH = 14 - pOH</math> vel <math>pOH = 14 - pH</math>. == Acidus aut alcalinus == * Liquor est [[acidum|acidus]] cum eius pH est infra septem. * Liquor est [[basis (chemia)|basicus]] cum eius pH est supra septem. * Liquor est neutralis cum pH aequat septem. === Exempla === * [[Pila autocinetica]]: pH = 0–1; * [[Acetum]]: pH = 3–4 * [[Coffeum]]: pH = 5 * [[Aqua destillata]]: pH = 7 * [[Oceanus|Aqua marina]]: pH = 8 * [[Ammonia]]: pH = 11 * [[Potassa]]: pH = 13–14 == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 4eyq68uhfpikwoja9f52uh14yf21l2s 0 2044 3960279 3948043 2026-05-17T21:15:58Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|201|MMII}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[1 Ianuarii]] – [[Charta argentaria|Chartae argentariae]] et [[nummus|nummi]] [[moneta]]e ''[[Euro]]nis'' valere coeperunt. * [[10 Ianuarii]] - Iussu [[Georgius W. Bush|Georgii W. Bush]] praesidis [[CFA|Americani]] primi captivi [[tromocratia]]e accusati in castra captivorum in [[Sinus Guantanamus|Sinum Guantanamum]] in [[insula]]m [[Cuba]]m portati sunt. === Mense Maio === * [[25 Maii]] - [[Vicipaedia Latina]] scribi coepta est, pagina prima est [[Nuntius|Nuntii]] dicata. === Mense Iunio === * [[8 Iunii]] - [[Amadou Toumani Touré]] praeses [[Malium|Malii]] nuper electus magistratum iniit. === Mense Novembri === * [[17 Novembris]] - [[Iulius Andreotti]] vir publicus [[Italia]]nus propter necem diurnarii ad XXIV annos carceris damnatus est. == Nati == * [[16 Ianuarii]] - [[Madame|Francisca "Madame" Calearo]], cantrix [[Italia|Italica]]. * [[19 Februarii]] - [[Matthaeus King (natator)|Matthaeus King]], natator [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[25 Ianuarii]] - [[Lil Mosey|Lathan Moyses Stanleius (Lil Mosey) Echols]], [[recitatio rapiana|recitator rapianus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[4 Aprilis]] - [[Daniel Grassl]], [[patinaticum|patinator]] artisticus Italicus. * [[23 Decembris]] - [[Finnus Wolfhard]], actor et cantor [[Canada|Canadianus]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[23 Ianuarii]] - [[Petrus Bourdieu]], [[sociologia|sociologus]] et [[anthropologia|anthropologus]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1930]]. === Mense Februario === * [[4 Februarii]] - [[Agatha Barbara]], rerum politicarum perita [[Melitta|Melittensis]]; nata est anno [[1923]]. * [[22 Februarii]] - [[Ionas Savimbi]], politicorum peritus [[Angolia]]e et inter bellum civile factionis militaris [[UNITA]]e dux necatus est in proelio; natus est anno [[1934]]. === Mense Martio === * [[16 Martii]] - [[Carmelus Bene]], [[histrio]] praecipue [[theatrum|theatralis]] [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus est anno [[1937]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[8 Aprilis]] - [[Maria Felix]], actrix [[Mexicum|Mexicana]]; nata est anno [[1914]]. === Mense Maio === *[[2 Maii]] - [[Ricardus Stücklen]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis [[CSU]]; natus est anno [[1916]]. *[[5 Maii]] - [[Fridericus Heine]], factionis [[SPD]] politicorum peritus et editor [[Germania|Germanicus]] qui inter alia contra [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitler]] [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]] pugnavit; natus est anno [[1904]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[15 Iunii]] - [[Choi Hong Hi]], praefectus in exercitu [[Respublica Coreana|Coreae Meridionalis]] et conditor [[Taequondo]]nis; natus est anno [[1918]]. * [[17 Iunii]] - [[Fridericus Walter]], pedilusor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1920]]. * [[29 Iunii]] - [[Alfredus Dregger]], vir publicus [[Germania]]e factionis [[CDU]], natus est anno [[1920]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[20 Iulii]] - [[Ioannes Pozzi]], philologus Helveticus; natus est anno [[1923]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[20 Septembris]] - [[Necdet Kent]], legatus [[Turcia]]e; natus est anno [[1911]]. * [[25 Septembris]] - [[Iacobus Borel]], scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1925]]. === Mense Octobri === *[[6 Octobris]] - [[Nicolaus Amsbergensis]], maritus [[Beatrix Nederlandiae Regina|Beatricis]] reginae et princeps [[Nederlandia]]e; natus est anno [[1926]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[21 Decembris]] - [[Iosephus Hierro]], [[poeta]] [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (natus [[1922]]) * ? Decembris - [[Flora Kádár]], [[Actor|actrix]] [[Hungaria|Hungarica]] (nata [[1928]]) == Cultura popularis == ===Radiophonia=== *Continuatio seriei radiophonicae ''[[King Street Junior]]'' (nomine ''King Street Junior Revisited'') [[BBC Radio]] primo emissa. === Ludi computatrales === * [[Age of Mythology]] ([[CFA]]) ojlbvhj0098n0vreu3e2nldtwacv5sx 0 2085 3960385 3947933 2026-05-18T05:08:34Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-1}} {{Decennium|200|MCMXCIX}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[1 Ianuarii]] - moneta [[euro]] in duodecim civitatibus [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] inducitur. === Mense Februario === * [[7 Februarii]] - [[Abdullah II (rex Iordaniae)|Abdullah II]] post mortem patris rex [[Iordania]]e factus est. === Mense Aprili === * [[20 Aprilis]] - Caedes in Lyceo Columbino in Littletonia, Colorato; 15 homines occidunt. === Mense Maio === * [[29 Maii]] - Casus in cuniculo sub Alpibus montibus (vulgo: ''Tauerntunnel'') in [[Austria]]: Duodecim homines flammis necati sunt. === Mense Octobri === * [[6 Octobris]] - [[Conventionis de abroganda omnis generis discriminatione mulierum commentarii in optionem dati]] a [[Nationes Unitae|Nationibus Unitis]] decreti sunt. === Mense Novembri === * [[30 Novembris]] - Societas mercatoria [[CFA|Americana]] [[gasium naturale]] [[petroleum]]que vendens[[ExxonMobil]] constituta est. === Mense Decembri === * [[14 Decembris|14]] - [[Radu Vasile]] [[Primi ministri Romaniae|primus minister]] [[Romania]]e se a magistratu abdicavit. Pro tempore ei [[Alexander Athanasiu]] successit. * [[22 Decembris|22]] - [[Mugur Isărescu]] [[Primi ministri Romaniae|primus minister]] [[Romania]]e novus [[Romania]]e electus est. == Nati == * [[8 Ianuarii]] - [[Damianus David]], cantor [[Italia]]nus. * [[9 Aprilis]] - [[Isaac Hempstead-Wright]], actor [[Anglia|Anglicus]]. * [[27 Iunii]] - [[Chandler Riggs]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[14 Octobris]] - [[Quintinus Hughes]], lusor [[Alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiae glacialis]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[13 Novembris]] - [[Lando Norris]], cursor autocinetorum [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[2 Ianuarii]] - [[Sebastianus Haffner]], [[scriptor]] et [[diarium|diurnarius]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1907]]. * [[6 Ianuarii]] ** [[Michael Petrucciani]], [[Iazium|Iazii]] [[clavile|clavista]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1962]]. ** [[Curtius Schmücker]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[CDU]]; natus est anno [[1919]]. === Mense Februario === * [[5 Februarii]] - [[Basilius Leontief]], [[Oeconomia|oeconomus]] [[Imperium Russicum|Russicus]]; natus est anno [[1905]]. * [[7 Februarii]] - [[Hussein I (rex Iordaniae)|Hussein I]], rex [[Iordania]]e, natus est anno [[1935]]. * [[20 Februarii]]- [[Ioannes Siskelus]]. * [[23 Februarii]] - [[Henricus Schmid]], [[linguista]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; natus est anno [[1921]]. === Mense Martio === * [[29 Martii]] - [[Hermannus Iosephus Kaltenborn]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] factionis [[SPD|Socialis Democraticae]]; natus est anno [[1921]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[13 Aprilis]] - [[Gulielmus Stoph]], vir publicus [[Res publica Democratica Germanica|Rei publicae Democraticae Germanicae]] (RDG) et sodalis [[SED]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. === Mense Maio === * [[22 Maii]] - [[Alfredus Kubel]], praeses ministrorum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], natus est anno [[1909]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[5 Iunii]] - Melanius Tormeus. * [[7 Iunii]] - [[Paulus Oscarius Kristeller]], [[philosophia|philosophus]] et studiosus [[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentiae litterarum]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1905]]. * [[8 Iunii]] - [[Conradus Mantoni]], [[televisio]]nis ductor [[Italia]]nus; natus est anno [[1924]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[16 Iulii]]- JFK, Jr. === Mense Augusto === * [[28 Augusti]] - [[Helder Pessoa Câmara]], [[theologia|theologus]] [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1909]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[30 Septembris]] - [[Demetrius Lichačëv]], [[philologia|philologus]] [[URSS|Sovieticus]] et [[Russia|Russicus]], natus est anno [[1906]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[4 Octobris]] - [[Robertus Georgius Leeson Waite]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Canada|Canado]] – [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1919]]. * [[8 Octobris]] - [[Theodericus Albrecht]], historicus et professor Germanicus; natus est anno [[1927]]. * [[31 Octobris]] - [[Immanuel Jakobovits]], Archi[[rabbinus]] Congregationum Unitarum Hebraearum [[Regnum Unitum|Regni Uniti]] et [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionis Nationum]]; natus est anno [[1921]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[6 Novembris|6]] - [[Sleim Ammar]], [[psychiater]] et [[poeta]] [[Tunisia]]e; natus est anno [[1927]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[11 Decembris|11]] - [[Anna Schmitz]], femina politica [[Germania|Germanica]], quae [[secundum bellum mundanum|secundo bello mundano]] [[Iudaei]]s et aliis a [[NSDAP|Nazistis]] vexatis auxilium dedit; nata anno [[1911]]. * [[15 Decembris|15]] - [[Mano Dayak]], politicus [[Niger]]i, gentis suae defensor et scriptor; natus anno [[1949]]. * [[26 Decembris|26]] - [[Robertus Hainard]], [[pictor]], [[sculptor]], [[incisor]], [[naturalista]], [[scriptor]], [[philosophus]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; natus anno [[1906]]. == Cultura popularis == === Musica === ==== Greges ==== * Grex musicus [[Canada|Canadiensis]] "[[Les Breastfeeders]]" conditus est. * [[Coronatus (grex musicus)|Coronatus]], grex musicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] conditus est. ==== Carmina ==== Carmina per orbem terrarum clarissima fuerunt:<ref>TSort, [http://tsort.info/music/yr1999.htm "Songs from the year 1999"].</ref> * [[Britney Spears]], "[[…Baby One More Time]]" * [[Lou Bega]], "[[Mambo No. 5]]" * [[Eiffel 65]], "[[Blue (Da Ba Dee)]]" * [[TLC]], "[[No Scrubs]]" * [[Backstreet Boys]], "[[I Want It That Way]]" === Pelliculae === *''[[10 Things I Hate About You]]'' *''[[American Beauty]]'' *''[[American Pie]]'' *''[[Eyes Wide Shut]]'' *''[[Fight Club]]'' *''[[Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace]]'' *''[[The Green Mile]]'' *''[[The Matrix]]'' *''[[The Mummy]]'' *''[[The Sixth Sense]] === Series televisivae === Aliquae series quae anno 1999 coeperunt sunt: * ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'' (1999– ) * ''[[Family Guy]]'' (1999– ) * ''[[The Sopranos]]'' (1999–2007) * ''[[Freaks and Geeks]]'' (1999–2000) * ''[[The West Wing]]'' (1999–2006) * ''[[SpongeBob SquarePants]]'' (1999– ) * ''[[Futurama]]'' (1999–2013) * [[Angel (series televisiva)|''Angel'' (series televisifica)]] (1999–2004) * ''[[One Piece]]'' (1999– ) * ''[[Roswell]]'' (1999–2002) === Ludi interretiales === * [[RuneScape]] I == Notae == <references /> gnbizs5whd0djh8aq3zwctxi4oj2rfx 0 2274 3960391 3944758 2026-05-18T05:33:52Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|200|MCMXCVII}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[26 Ianuarii]] - [[Moles Lijiaxia]] in [[Comitatus Jainca|Comitatu Jainca]] [[Provincia Qinghaiensis|Provinciae Qinghaiensis]] [[Sinae (regio)|Sinarum]] sita energiam electricam proiducere coepit. === Mense Februario === * [[22 Februarii]] — Primus [[clonus]] [[mammalia|mammalis]], [[ovis]] nomine ''Dolly'', nuntiatus est. === Mense Martio === * [[26 Martii]] — 39 sectatores religionis [[Heaven's Gate (secta)|Heaven's Gate]] coniunctim se interfecerunt. === Mense Iulio === * [[1 Iulii]] - [[Hongcongum]] iterum a [[Regnum Unitum|Britannia]] ad [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sinas]] translatum est. == Nati == * [[11 Ianuarii]] - [[Cody Simpson]], cantor et natator [[Australia]]nus. * [[13 Ianuarii]] - [[Egan Bernal]], [[birotarius]] [[Columbia]]nus. * [[11 Februarii]] - [[Rosé]] cantrix [[Res publica Coreana|Coreana]]. * [[19 Martii]] - [[Rūta Meilutytė]], athleta [[Lituania|Lituanica]]. * [[15 Aprilis]] - [[Maisie Williams]], actrix [[Anglia|Anglica]]. * [[21 Maii]] - [[Sergius Volodimiri filius Petrov]], [[pedilusor]] [[Ucraina|Ucrainicus]] et [[miles]] [[Russia|Russicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2026]]. * [[18 Iunii]] - [[Maxwell Records]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[12 Iulii]] - [[Malala Yousafzai]], activista [[Pakistania|Pakistanica]]. * [[1 Septembris]] - [[Jeon Jungkook]], cantor [[Res publica Coreana|Coreanus]]. * [[30 Septembris]] - [[Maximilianus Verstappen]], cursor autocinetorum [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. * [[16 Octobris]] - [[Carolus Leclerc]], cursor [[Principatus Monoeci|Monegascus]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[1 Ianuarii]] - [[Anna Brauksiepe]], rerum politicorum perita [[Germania|Germanica]]; nata anno [[1912]]. * [[17 Ianuarii]] - [[Clyde Tombaugh]], astronomus [[CFA|Americanus]] (natus anno [[1906]]). === Mense Februario === * [[18 Februarii]] - [[Antonius Freire]] grammaticus et scriptor latinus natione Portugalensis === Mense Martio === * [[9 Martii|9]] - B.I.G. Notoriosus (natus 1972), rapper * [[10 Martii|10]] - [[Laurentius Ahlin]], scriptor [[Suecia|Suecicus]]; natus est anno [[1915]]. * [[14 Martii|14]] - [[Alfredus Zinnemann]], [[moderator cinematographicus]] [[Austria]]cus et [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1907]]. * [[28 Martii|28]] - [[Bohumil Hrabal]], scriptor [[Bohemia|Bohemicus]], natus est anno [[1914]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[2 Augusti]] - [[Gulielmus Seward Burroughs II]], [[scriptor mythistoriarum]] et [[scriptor fabularum brevium]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. * [[31 Augusti]] — [[Diana Francisca Spencer|Diana]], principissa Cambriae (nata [[1961]]). === Mense Septembri === * [[5 Septembris]] — [[Sanctus|S.]] [[Teresia de Calcutta]], missionaria Catholica; nata est anno [[1910]]. * [[28 Septembris]] - [[Ho Feng Shan]], legatus [[Sinae|Sinicus]]; natus est anno [[1901]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[12 Octobris]]- [[Ioannes Denver]] (natus 1943), cantor [[CFA|Americanus]] musicae contrialis. === Mense Novembri === *[[10 Novembris]] - [[Ave Ninchi]], actrix [[Italia|Italica]]; nata est anno [[1914]]. *[[25 Novembris]] - [[Hastings Kamuzu Banda]], vir publicus [[Malavium|Malavii]]; natus est anno [[1898]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[26 Decembris]] - [[Cornelius Castoriades]], philosophus [[Graecia|Graecus]]; natus est anno [[1922]]. == Cultura popularis == === Pelliculae === * [[Anastasia (pellicula 1997)|Anastasia]] ([[CFA]]) * [[Cats Don't Dance]] (CFA) * [[Hercules (pellicula 1997)|Hercules]] (CFA) * [[Titanic (pellicula 1997)|Titanic]] (CFA, [[Leonardus DiCaprio]], [[Catharina Winslet]]) * [[Vulcano - Los Angeles 1997]] ([[CFA]]) === Musica === * "[[Reaktor (grex)|Reaktor]]" grex musicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] conditus est. * [[Lostprophets]] grex musicus [[Cambria]]nus conditus est. 448ohyozns17cuitcq2af49iqnas2ne 0 2275 3960300 3947926 2026-05-18T00:39:50Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|200|MCMXCVIII}} == Eventa == * [[21 Maii]] - [[Indonesia]]e praesidens [[Suharto]] magistratum abdicavit, postquam multi cives id viis et foris postulaverant. * [[3 Iunii]] - In Germania apud Eschede oppidum casus gravissimus ferriviarius accidit, in quo CI homines necati sunt. *[[20 Novembris]] - [[Zaria]], prima [[Statio spatialis internationalis|stationis internationalis pars]], introducta est in spatium per [[Proton-K Rocket]] Russianum ex urbe [[Baiconur]]e. == Nati == * [[19 Aprilis]] - [[Patricius Laine]], lusor [[alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiae glacialis]] [[Finnia|Finnicus]]. * [[16 Iunii]] - [[Ritsu Doan]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]. * [[8 Iulii]] - [[Jaden Smith]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[8 Augustii]] - [[Ioannes Mendes]], cantor [[Canada|Canadianus]]. * [[7 Septembris]] - [[Damianus Hardung]], actor [[Germania|Germanicus]]. * [[28 Octobris]] ** [[Nolan Gould]], actor Americanus. ** [[Sokayna Talhi]], athleta [[Marocum|Maroccana]]. == Mortui == === Mense Februario === * [[8 Februarii|8]] - [[Enoch Powell]], politicus et philologus [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1912]]. * [[9 Februarii|9]] - [[Mauritius Schumann]], vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1911]]. * [[17 Februarii|17]] ** [[Ernestus Jünger]] scriptor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1895]]. ** [[Ernestus Käsemann]], [[theologus]] [[Protestantes|Lutheranus]]; natus est anno [[1906]]. * [[27 Februarii|27]] - [[Georgius Herbertus Hitchings]], biochemicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1905]] === Mense Martio === *[[15 Martii|15]] - [[Sebastianus Rodrigues Maia]], notissimus cantor et musicus [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]]; natus est anno [[1942]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[15 Aprilis|15]] - [[Pol Pot]], dictator [[Cambosia]]nus; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[19 Aprilis|19]] - [[Octavius Paz]], scriptor [[Mexicum|Mexicanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. === Mense Maio === * [[2 Maii|2]] - [[Iustinus Soni Fashanu]], pedilusor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] mortem sibi conscivit; natus est anno [[1961]]. * [[4 Maii|4]] - [[Theodorus Oberländer]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[CDU]]; natus est anno [[1905]]. * [[6 Maii|6]] - [[Ericus Mende]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[FDP]]; natus est anno [[1916]]. * [[14 Maii|14]] - [[Franciscus Sinatra]], cantor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1915]]. * [[15 Maii|15]] - [[Ricardus Jaeger]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[CSU]];natus est anno [[1913]]. * [[28 Maii|28]] - [[Philippus Hartman]], comicus [[Canada|Canadianus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1948]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[21 Iunii|21]] - [[Anastasius Albertus Ballestrero]], [[archiepiscopus]] [[Barium (Italia)|Barii]] et [[Taurinum|Taurini]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]; natus est anno [[1913]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[5 Augusti|5]] - [[Theodorus Živkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; natus est anno [[1911]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[9 Septembris|9]] - [[Lucius Battisti]], cantor [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus anno [[1943]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[20 Octobris|20]] - [[Gerhardus Jahn]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[SPD]]; natus est anno [[1927]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[18 Novembris|18]] - [[Aurelius de Lira Tavares]], dux militum et vir publicus [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1905]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[7 Decembris|7]] - [[Martinus Rodbell]], [[biochemia]]e et [[endocrinologia]]e peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[11 Decembris|11]] - [[Maximilianus Streibl]], vir publicus et praeses ministrorum [[Bavaria]]e; natus est anno [[1932]]. == Cultura popularis == ===Radiophonia=== *''[[King Street Junior]]'' series radiophonica [[BBC Radio]] ultimo emissa (inccepta [[1985]]). === Musica === * [[Deathspell Omega]] grex musicus [[Francia|Francicus]] conditus est. * [[GO!GO! 7188]] grex musicus [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] conditus est. * [[Maharishi]] [[grex musicus]] [[Cambria|Cambricus]] conditus est. === Ludi Electronici === * [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]] ([[Iaponia]]) 649x654ecrm46n0ba2vql4fw510bhsi 3960301 3960300 2026-05-18T00:40:18Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|200|MCMXCVIII}} == Eventa == * [[21 Maii]] - [[Indonesia]]e praesidens [[Suharto]] magistratum abdicavit, postquam multi cives id viis et foris postulaverant. * [[3 Iunii]] - In Germania apud Eschede oppidum casus gravissimus ferriviarius accidit, in quo CI homines necati sunt. *[[20 Novembris]] - [[Zaria]], prima [[Statio spatialis internationalis|stationis internationalis pars]], introducta est in spatium per [[Proton-K Rocket]] Russianum ex urbe [[Baiconur]]e. == Nati == * [[19 Aprilis]] - [[Patricius Laine]], lusor [[alsulegia glacialis|alsulegiae glacialis]] [[Finnia|Finnicus]]. * [[16 Iunii]] - [[Ritsu Doan]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]. * [[8 Iulii]] - [[Jaden Smith]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[8 Augusti]] - [[Ioannes Mendes]], cantor [[Canada|Canadianus]]. * [[7 Septembris]] - [[Damianus Hardung]], actor [[Germania|Germanicus]]. * [[28 Octobris]] ** [[Nolan Gould]], actor Americanus. ** [[Sokayna Talhi]], athleta [[Marocum|Maroccana]]. == Mortui == === Mense Februario === * [[8 Februarii|8]] - [[Enoch Powell]], politicus et philologus [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1912]]. * [[9 Februarii|9]] - [[Mauritius Schumann]], vir publicus [[Francia|Francicus]]; natus est anno [[1911]]. * [[17 Februarii|17]] ** [[Ernestus Jünger]] scriptor [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1895]]. ** [[Ernestus Käsemann]], [[theologus]] [[Protestantes|Lutheranus]]; natus est anno [[1906]]. * [[27 Februarii|27]] - [[Georgius Herbertus Hitchings]], biochemicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1905]] === Mense Martio === *[[15 Martii|15]] - [[Sebastianus Rodrigues Maia]], notissimus cantor et musicus [[Brasilia|Brasiliensis]]; natus est anno [[1942]]. === Mense Aprili === * [[15 Aprilis|15]] - [[Pol Pot]], dictator [[Cambosia]]nus; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[19 Aprilis|19]] - [[Octavius Paz]], scriptor [[Mexicum|Mexicanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. === Mense Maio === * [[2 Maii|2]] - [[Iustinus Soni Fashanu]], pedilusor [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] mortem sibi conscivit; natus est anno [[1961]]. * [[4 Maii|4]] - [[Theodorus Oberländer]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[CDU]]; natus est anno [[1905]]. * [[6 Maii|6]] - [[Ericus Mende]], vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[FDP]]; natus est anno [[1916]]. * [[14 Maii|14]] - [[Franciscus Sinatra]], cantor [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1915]]. * [[15 Maii|15]] - [[Ricardus Jaeger]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[CSU]];natus est anno [[1913]]. * [[28 Maii|28]] - [[Philippus Hartman]], comicus [[Canada|Canadianus]] [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1948]]. === Mense Iunio === * [[21 Iunii|21]] - [[Anastasius Albertus Ballestrero]], [[archiepiscopus]] [[Barium (Italia)|Barii]] et [[Taurinum|Taurini]] ac [[cardinalis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]; natus est anno [[1913]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[5 Augusti|5]] - [[Theodorus Živkov]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; natus est anno [[1911]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[9 Septembris|9]] - [[Lucius Battisti]], cantor [[Italia|Italicus]]; natus anno [[1943]]. === Mense Octobri === * [[20 Octobris|20]] - [[Gerhardus Jahn]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis [[SPD]]; natus est anno [[1927]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[18 Novembris|18]] - [[Aurelius de Lira Tavares]], dux militum et vir publicus [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1905]]. === Mense Decembri === * [[7 Decembris|7]] - [[Martinus Rodbell]], [[biochemia]]e et [[endocrinologia]]e peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[11 Decembris|11]] - [[Maximilianus Streibl]], vir publicus et praeses ministrorum [[Bavaria]]e; natus est anno [[1932]]. == Cultura popularis == ===Radiophonia=== *''[[King Street Junior]]'' series radiophonica [[BBC Radio]] ultimo emissa (inccepta [[1985]]). === Musica === * [[Deathspell Omega]] grex musicus [[Francia|Francicus]] conditus est. * [[GO!GO! 7188]] grex musicus [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] conditus est. * [[Maharishi]] [[grex musicus]] [[Cambria|Cambricus]] conditus est. === Ludi Electronici === * [[The Legend of Zelda: The Ocarina of Time]] ([[Iaponia]]) pwr5llpcmmc27cpzngr55y84pcq5l85 0 2276 3960381 3959072 2026-05-18T04:46:46Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960381 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|201|MMVI}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[25 Ianuarii]], [[Vaticanus]]: [[Benedictus XVI]] (Sextus Decimus) edit primam [[encyclicae|encyclicam]] epistulam,''Deus caritas est''. === Mense Februario === * [[10 Februarii]] in [[Taurinum|Taurino]]: aperiuntur ludi olympici in Piedemontio ([[Italia]]). * [[15 Februarii]] [[Iacobus Chiracus|Chiraco]] statuente, belli navis Clemenceau reddit in [[Gallia]]m. * [[16 Februarii]] ** Photogrammata tormentorum in carcere [[Abou Graib]] eduntur; civitates foederatae a multis damnantur. * [[Influenza avium]] [[Europa]]m contingit. [[Olor|Cycnus]] mortuus viro morbidissimo [[H5N1]] invenitur in porto vici piscatorum Cellardike in Fife comitate in [[Scotia]]. === Mense Martio === * In [[Gallia]] , demonstrationes in Foedus Primi Muneris ( contrat première embauche : CPE)conflagrant. Universitates lyciaque obsiduntur. Eversores autem vehicula tabernasque rumpunt. * Quadriennio obsides est Franco-Colombiana Ingrida Bettancourt. Multi alii [[Columbia|Colombiani]] capti a Farc exercitu liberationem sperant in silva. Praesidens Urribis condiciones negat. * [[28 Martii]] Confessor [[Abdul Rahman]] liberatus est ab [[Afgania|afganis]], a quibus capiti fuit damnaturus propter suam in [[Ecclesia Catholica|fidem catholicam]] conversionem de fide [[Islam]]ica. === Mense Aprili === * [[10 Aprilis]] In [[Gallia]], Foedus primi muneris "suffectum". * [[11 Aprilis]] In [[Italia]], [[Romanus Prode|Romanus Produs]] e laevis mediis partibus vincit [[Silvius Berlusconi|Silvium Berlusconum]] e dexteris partibus in ancipitibus electionibus. === Mense Maio === * [[3 Maii]], [[Gallia]] - causa Clearstream: abdicaturusne [[Dominicus Villepinensis]], primus minister rei publicae, post mendacia ? === Mense Iunio === * [[3 Iunii]] - [[Mons Niger]] civitas libertatem suam a [[Serbia]] proclamavit. * [[9 Iunii]] * - 18^um [[FIFAe Certamen Mundalis Pediludii MMVI|FIFAe Certamen Mundalis Pediludii]] in [[Germania]] incipit. ** Copiae [[Israel]]ae cum copiis [[Libanus|Libani]] pugnant. === Mense Iulio === * [[1 Iulii]], [[Finnia]] Europeam Unionem praesidet, quod etiam significat maiorem visibilitem Latinae linguae quia adhibetur solemne a Finnis. * [[9 Iulii]] - [[Italia]] certamen vincit, [[Francogallia]] secunda, [[Germania]] tertia, [[Lusitania]] quarta. *[[11 Iulii]] - [[Religio Islamica|Islamicae Religionis]] sectatores terroristici in urbe [[Mumbai]] multos peregrinos et Iudaicos necaverunt. * [[21 Iulii]] - [[Palatium|Monte Palatino]], domus natalis [[G. Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Augusti]] inventa esse putatur. — E vicipaedia Anglica. * [[24 Iulii]] - [[Israel]]i summi magistratus heri [[Nationes Unitae|Unitarum Nationum Coetui]] permiserunt, ut legionem militum pacis servandae causa in partem [[Libanus|Libani]] ad meridiem spectantem mitteret. * [[28 Iulii]] - in [[Hibernia]] in [[terra]] uliginosa, manuscriptum inventum est quod hac in terra fortasse 1200 annis fuerat. Textus manuscripti est psalterium [[biblia|Bibliorum Sacrorum]].—E vicipaedia Anglica. === Mense Augusto === * [[18 Augusti]] - Nova forma legalis [[societas cooperativa|societatum cooperativarum]] nomine [[Societas Cooperativa Europaea]] in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]] introducitur. === Mense Septembri === * [[September|Mense Septembri]]: [[Bonna]]e parietinae Romanae inventae sunt. [[Thermae]] Romanae sunt. [[Archaeologia|Archaeologis]] autem festinandum est, quia ex necessitudinibus oeconomicis ut magistratus dicit proximo tempore omnes parietinae destruentur ut novae aedes mercatoriae aedificarentur. * [[6 Septembris]] - [[Georgius Bush]], [[Praeses]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], confessus est esse [[Carceres secreti CIA|Carceres secretos CIA]]. * [[10 Septembris]] **[[Papa]] [[Benedictus XVI]] ex archiepiscopus [[Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis]] [[Germania]]m visit. **[[Georgius Tupou V]] post mortem patris (vide infra) rex [[Tonga]]e factus est. * [[Fasciculus:Antarcitc ozone layer 2006 09 24.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Maxima lacuna in sphaera ozoni super [[Antarctica]]m [[NASA]] metitur 24. Septembris 2006.]] === Mense Octobri === * [[October|Mense Octobri]]: Lacuna in sphaera ozoni super [[continens|continentem]] [[Antarctica]]m numquam maior erat quam nunc est. 24. Septembris hoc anno magnitudo lacunae 29,5 [[millio]]nes [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] erat. Hoc harum rerum periti administrationis [[NASA]] acronymo invenerunt. * Quamquam populi usum gasorum quae ozonum destruunt minuebantur, tamen ozoni sphaera non prius quam anno 2065 restituta erit, quod gasa nociva iam emissa usque ad quadraginta annos in athmosphaera remanebunt. === Mense Novembri === * [[6 Novembris]] - Liber [[Les Bienveillantes]] auctoris [[Ionathan Littell|Ionathani Littell]] eo [[praemium|praemio]] donatus est quod nomen a fratribus Goncourt accepit. * Ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur occasione fori "Medicina" appellati quod [[Dusseldorpium|Dusseldorpii]] usque ab [[15 Novembris]] habebitur res technicas ad medicinam pertinentes exportatas esse huius anni mensibus Ianuario usque ad Augustum pretio 7400 millionium [[Euro]]nium. Hoc pretium cum pretio praeteriti anni comparatum crevit 9,3 centesimis partibus. Quarta et maxima pars medicinae rerum in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|CFA]] exportata est. Primis octo mensibus huius anni in Germaniam apparatus medicinae importabantur pretio 4300 millionium Euronium. Hoc spatio cum spatio praeteriti anni comparato pretium rerum importatarum crevit fere 15 centesimis partibus. Maximae partes rerum medicinae ex CFA et [[Helvetia]] importabantur. * Ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur [[Monacum|Monaci]] [[forum|FORUM]] [[vinum|VINI]] habebitur ab [[10 Novembris|10]] usque ad [[12 Novembris]]. Centum [[hectolitrum|hectolitra]] fere per [[hectarea]]m hoc anno metuntur. Ex quo rerum vinariarum periti aestimant in [[Area (geometria)|area]] 99 100 hectarearum in Germania circa 9,9 decies centena milies vel [[millio]]nes hectolitra iuris vinarii meti possunt. * [[14 Novembris]] in toto orbi terrarum dies [[diabetes|diabetitis]] est. Hac occasione ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur in Germania 24 342 homines anno 2005 [[diabetes mellitus|diabetiti mellito]] mortuos esse. Hic numerus numero anni 1980 comparatus 29 partibus centesimis crevit. Tres ex centum qui in [[Germania]] ex vita decedunt diabetitis melliti causa animam efflant. * [[28 Novembris]] - Papa [[Benedictus XVI]] incepit iter in [[Turcia]]m, quae est prima civitas cultu Islamico mota ab eo visitata. * [[30 Novembris]] - [[Vincentius Fox Quesada]], praeses [[Mexicum|Mexici]] ab anno [[2000]] officium reliquit. === Mense Decembri === * [[1 Decembris]] - [[Philippus Calderon Hinojosa]], praeses novus Mexici officium iniit. * [[21 Decembris]] - [[Gurbangulis Berdimuhammedovus]] praeses [[Turcomannia]]e factus est. * [[30 Decembris]] - [[Saddamus Hussein]] poenali funi in [[Iraquia]] consumptus est. === Ignotis diebus === * [[Societas Latina Vallisoletana]] condita est. == Nati == * [[6 Ianuarii]]: [[Nicetas Bedrin]], cursor autocinetorum [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Italia|Italicus]]. * [[9 Ianuarii]]: [[Sara Toscano]], cantrix [[Italia|Italica]]. * [[6 Septembris]]: [[Hisahitus]] Akishinois, princeps [[Iaponia|Iaponius]]. * [[18 Septembris]]: [[Stuartus Hawkins]], pedilusor [[CFA|Americanus]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[19 Ianuarii]] - [[Wilson Pickett]], cantor Americanus * [[30 Ianuarii]] - [[Coretta Scott King]]. === Mense Martio === * [[2 Martii]] - [[Leopoldus Gratz]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1929]]. * [[11 Martii]] - [[Slobodan Milosevic]], homo politicus (natus anno [[1941]]) * [[15 Martii]] - [[Georgius Ralles]], vir publicus [[Graecia|Graecus]]; natus est anno [[1918]]. * [[27 Martii]] - [[Stanislaus Lem]] (natus anno [[1921]]). === Mense Aprili === * [[10 Aprilis]] - [[Claudius Esteban]], [[poeta]] [[Francogallia|Francogallicus]], natus anno [[1935]]. === Mense Maio === * [[21 Maii]] - [[Catharina Dunham]], [[saltatio|saltatrix]], [[Anthropologia|anthropologa]] et [[scriptrix]] [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1909]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[8 Iulii]] - [[June Allyson]], actrix [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1917]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[3 Augusti|3]] - [[Elisabeth Schwarzkopf]], sopranus [[Germania|Theodisca]]; nata est anno [[1915]]. * [[9 Augusti|9]] - [[Iacobus van Allen]], astrophysicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. * [[12 Augusti|12]] - [[Antonius Baptista Fragoso]], episcopus [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1920]]. * [[26 Augusti|26]] - [[Rainer Barzel]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1924]]. * [[27 Augusti|27]] - [[Lucianus Mendes de Almeida]], sacerdos [[Iesuitae|Iesuita]] et [[Archiepiscopus]] civitatis Marianae;natus est anno [[1930]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[4 Septembris|4]] - [[Stephanus Irwin]], [[oecologia|oecologus]] [[Australia]]nus (natus anno [[1962]]). * [[10 Septembris|10]] - [[Tāufa'ahau Tupou IV]], rex [[Tonga]]e ab anno [[1965]]; natus est anno [[1918]]. * [[11 Septembris|11]] - [[Gulielmus Auld]], [[Scotia|Scoticus]] [[poëta]], auctor et interpres; natus est anno [[1924]]. * [[23 Septembris|23]] - [[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et [[concentus magister]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1921]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[16 Novembris]] - [[Milton Friedman]], oeconomologus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]] praeclarus [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] (natus anno [[1912]]) * [[23 Novembris]] ** [[Philippus Noiret]], praeclarus actor Francogallicus (natus anno [[1930]]) ** [[Alexander Litvinienko]] (natus anno [[1962]]) * [[29 Novembris]]: [[Leo Niemczyk]] (natus anno [[1923]]). === Mense Decembri === * [[1 Decembris|1]] - [[Claudia Jade]], actrix [[Francia|Francica]]; nata est anno [[1948]]. * [[7 Decembris|7]] - [[Ljuben Berov]], oeconomus et rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[10 Decembris|10]] - [[Augustus Pinochet]], dux exercitus ac a die [[11 Septembris]] [[1973]], cum coniurationem fecit contra praesidem electum [[Salvator Allende|Salvatorem Allende]], usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1990]] dux Chiliae (natus anno [[1915]]). * [[15 Decembris|15]] - [[Clay Regazzoni]], clarus autocinetorum ductor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]], natus anno [[1939]]. * [[18 Decembris|18]] - [[Iosephus Barbera]] (natus anno [[1911]]). * [[21 Decembris|21]] - [[Separmurat Niyazov]], dux [[Turcomannia]]e (natus anno [[1940]]). * [[23 Decembris|23]] - [[Marilyn Waltz]], [[actor|actrix]] et puella photogenica atque [[playmate]] [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1931]]. * [[25 Decembris|25]] - [[Iacobus Brown]], cantor Americanus (natus anno [[1933]]). * [[26 Decembris|26]] - [[Giraldus Ford]], XXXVIII praesidens [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] (natus anno [[1913]]). * [[30 Decembris|30]] - [[Saddamus Hussein]], [[dictator]] [[Iraquia]]e (natus anno [[1937]]). == Cultura popularis == === Musica === * [[Gwibdaith Hen Frân]] grex musicus [[Cambria|Cambricus]] conditus est. === Pelliculae === * [[Snakes on a Plane]] ([[CFA]]) === Ludi computatrales === * [[Mediaevalis II: Bellum Totale]] ([[Iaponia]] et [[Regnum Unitum]]) h4vyfx60jejwnk73xu7njki9xw7z4az 3960383 3960381 2026-05-18T04:59:04Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nati */ 3960383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Decennium|201|MMVI}} == Eventa == === Mense Ianuario === * [[25 Ianuarii]], [[Vaticanus]]: [[Benedictus XVI]] (Sextus Decimus) edit primam [[encyclicae|encyclicam]] epistulam,''Deus caritas est''. === Mense Februario === * [[10 Februarii]] in [[Taurinum|Taurino]]: aperiuntur ludi olympici in Piedemontio ([[Italia]]). * [[15 Februarii]] [[Iacobus Chiracus|Chiraco]] statuente, belli navis Clemenceau reddit in [[Gallia]]m. * [[16 Februarii]] ** Photogrammata tormentorum in carcere [[Abou Graib]] eduntur; civitates foederatae a multis damnantur. * [[Influenza avium]] [[Europa]]m contingit. [[Olor|Cycnus]] mortuus viro morbidissimo [[H5N1]] invenitur in porto vici piscatorum Cellardike in Fife comitate in [[Scotia]]. === Mense Martio === * In [[Gallia]] , demonstrationes in Foedus Primi Muneris ( contrat première embauche : CPE)conflagrant. Universitates lyciaque obsiduntur. Eversores autem vehicula tabernasque rumpunt. * Quadriennio obsides est Franco-Colombiana Ingrida Bettancourt. Multi alii [[Columbia|Colombiani]] capti a Farc exercitu liberationem sperant in silva. Praesidens Urribis condiciones negat. * [[28 Martii]] Confessor [[Abdul Rahman]] liberatus est ab [[Afgania|afganis]], a quibus capiti fuit damnaturus propter suam in [[Ecclesia Catholica|fidem catholicam]] conversionem de fide [[Islam]]ica. === Mense Aprili === * [[10 Aprilis]] In [[Gallia]], Foedus primi muneris "suffectum". * [[11 Aprilis]] In [[Italia]], [[Romanus Prode|Romanus Produs]] e laevis mediis partibus vincit [[Silvius Berlusconi|Silvium Berlusconum]] e dexteris partibus in ancipitibus electionibus. === Mense Maio === * [[3 Maii]], [[Gallia]] - causa Clearstream: abdicaturusne [[Dominicus Villepinensis]], primus minister rei publicae, post mendacia ? === Mense Iunio === * [[3 Iunii]] - [[Mons Niger]] civitas libertatem suam a [[Serbia]] proclamavit. * [[9 Iunii]] * - 18^um [[FIFAe Certamen Mundalis Pediludii MMVI|FIFAe Certamen Mundalis Pediludii]] in [[Germania]] incipit. ** Copiae [[Israel]]ae cum copiis [[Libanus|Libani]] pugnant. === Mense Iulio === * [[1 Iulii]], [[Finnia]] Europeam Unionem praesidet, quod etiam significat maiorem visibilitem Latinae linguae quia adhibetur solemne a Finnis. * [[9 Iulii]] - [[Italia]] certamen vincit, [[Francogallia]] secunda, [[Germania]] tertia, [[Lusitania]] quarta. *[[11 Iulii]] - [[Religio Islamica|Islamicae Religionis]] sectatores terroristici in urbe [[Mumbai]] multos peregrinos et Iudaicos necaverunt. * [[21 Iulii]] - [[Palatium|Monte Palatino]], domus natalis [[G. Iulius Caesar Octavianus Augustus|Augusti]] inventa esse putatur. — E vicipaedia Anglica. * [[24 Iulii]] - [[Israel]]i summi magistratus heri [[Nationes Unitae|Unitarum Nationum Coetui]] permiserunt, ut legionem militum pacis servandae causa in partem [[Libanus|Libani]] ad meridiem spectantem mitteret. * [[28 Iulii]] - in [[Hibernia]] in [[terra]] uliginosa, manuscriptum inventum est quod hac in terra fortasse 1200 annis fuerat. Textus manuscripti est psalterium [[biblia|Bibliorum Sacrorum]].—E vicipaedia Anglica. === Mense Augusto === * [[18 Augusti]] - Nova forma legalis [[societas cooperativa|societatum cooperativarum]] nomine [[Societas Cooperativa Europaea]] in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaea]] introducitur. === Mense Septembri === * [[September|Mense Septembri]]: [[Bonna]]e parietinae Romanae inventae sunt. [[Thermae]] Romanae sunt. [[Archaeologia|Archaeologis]] autem festinandum est, quia ex necessitudinibus oeconomicis ut magistratus dicit proximo tempore omnes parietinae destruentur ut novae aedes mercatoriae aedificarentur. * [[6 Septembris]] - [[Georgius Bush]], [[Praeses]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]], confessus est esse [[Carceres secreti CIA|Carceres secretos CIA]]. * [[10 Septembris]] **[[Papa]] [[Benedictus XVI]] ex archiepiscopus [[Archidioecesis Monacensis et Frisingensis]] [[Germania]]m visit. **[[Georgius Tupou V]] post mortem patris (vide infra) rex [[Tonga]]e factus est. * [[Fasciculus:Antarcitc ozone layer 2006 09 24.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Maxima lacuna in sphaera ozoni super [[Antarctica]]m [[NASA]] metitur 24. Septembris 2006.]] === Mense Octobri === * [[October|Mense Octobri]]: Lacuna in sphaera ozoni super [[continens|continentem]] [[Antarctica]]m numquam maior erat quam nunc est. 24. Septembris hoc anno magnitudo lacunae 29,5 [[millio]]nes [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] erat. Hoc harum rerum periti administrationis [[NASA]] acronymo invenerunt. * Quamquam populi usum gasorum quae ozonum destruunt minuebantur, tamen ozoni sphaera non prius quam anno 2065 restituta erit, quod gasa nociva iam emissa usque ad quadraginta annos in athmosphaera remanebunt. === Mense Novembri === * [[6 Novembris]] - Liber [[Les Bienveillantes]] auctoris [[Ionathan Littell|Ionathani Littell]] eo [[praemium|praemio]] donatus est quod nomen a fratribus Goncourt accepit. * Ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur occasione fori "Medicina" appellati quod [[Dusseldorpium|Dusseldorpii]] usque ab [[15 Novembris]] habebitur res technicas ad medicinam pertinentes exportatas esse huius anni mensibus Ianuario usque ad Augustum pretio 7400 millionium [[Euro]]nium. Hoc pretium cum pretio praeteriti anni comparatum crevit 9,3 centesimis partibus. Quarta et maxima pars medicinae rerum in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|CFA]] exportata est. Primis octo mensibus huius anni in Germaniam apparatus medicinae importabantur pretio 4300 millionium Euronium. Hoc spatio cum spatio praeteriti anni comparato pretium rerum importatarum crevit fere 15 centesimis partibus. Maximae partes rerum medicinae ex CFA et [[Helvetia]] importabantur. * Ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur [[Monacum|Monaci]] [[forum|FORUM]] [[vinum|VINI]] habebitur ab [[10 Novembris|10]] usque ad [[12 Novembris]]. Centum [[hectolitrum|hectolitra]] fere per [[hectarea]]m hoc anno metuntur. Ex quo rerum vinariarum periti aestimant in [[Area (geometria)|area]] 99 100 hectarearum in Germania circa 9,9 decies centena milies vel [[millio]]nes hectolitra iuris vinarii meti possunt. * [[14 Novembris]] in toto orbi terrarum dies [[diabetes|diabetitis]] est. Hac occasione ex [[Officium Rerum Statisticarum Foederale|Officio Rerum Statisticarum Foederali]] [[Germania]]e nuntiatur in Germania 24 342 homines anno 2005 [[diabetes mellitus|diabetiti mellito]] mortuos esse. Hic numerus numero anni 1980 comparatus 29 partibus centesimis crevit. Tres ex centum qui in [[Germania]] ex vita decedunt diabetitis melliti causa animam efflant. * [[28 Novembris]] - Papa [[Benedictus XVI]] incepit iter in [[Turcia]]m, quae est prima civitas cultu Islamico mota ab eo visitata. * [[30 Novembris]] - [[Vincentius Fox Quesada]], praeses [[Mexicum|Mexici]] ab anno [[2000]] officium reliquit. === Mense Decembri === * [[1 Decembris]] - [[Philippus Calderon Hinojosa]], praeses novus Mexici officium iniit. * [[21 Decembris]] - [[Gurbangulis Berdimuhammedovus]] praeses [[Turcomannia]]e factus est. * [[30 Decembris]] - [[Saddamus Hussein]] poenali funi in [[Iraquia]] consumptus est. === Ignotis diebus === * [[Societas Latina Vallisoletana]] condita est. == Nati == * [[6 Ianuarii]]: [[Nicetas Bedrin]], cursor autocinetorum [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Italia|Italicus]]. * [[9 Ianuarii]]: [[Sara Toscano]], cantrix [[Italia|Italica]]. * [[25 Augusti]]: [[Kimi Antonelli]], cursor autocinetorum [[Italia|Italicus]]. * [[6 Septembris]]: [[Hisahitus]] Akishinois, princeps [[Iaponia|Iaponius]]. * [[18 Septembris]]: [[Stuartus Hawkins]], pedilusor [[CFA|Americanus]]. == Mortui == === Mense Ianuario === * [[19 Ianuarii]] - [[Wilson Pickett]], cantor Americanus * [[30 Ianuarii]] - [[Coretta Scott King]]. === Mense Martio === * [[2 Martii]] - [[Leopoldus Gratz]], vir publicus [[Austria]]cus; natus est anno [[1929]]. * [[11 Martii]] - [[Slobodan Milosevic]], homo politicus (natus anno [[1941]]) * [[15 Martii]] - [[Georgius Ralles]], vir publicus [[Graecia|Graecus]]; natus est anno [[1918]]. * [[27 Martii]] - [[Stanislaus Lem]] (natus anno [[1921]]). === Mense Aprili === * [[10 Aprilis]] - [[Claudius Esteban]], [[poeta]] [[Francogallia|Francogallicus]], natus anno [[1935]]. === Mense Maio === * [[21 Maii]] - [[Catharina Dunham]], [[saltatio|saltatrix]], [[Anthropologia|anthropologa]] et [[scriptrix]] [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1909]]. === Mense Iulio === * [[8 Iulii]] - [[June Allyson]], actrix [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1917]]. === Mense Augusto === * [[3 Augusti|3]] - [[Elisabeth Schwarzkopf]], sopranus [[Germania|Theodisca]]; nata est anno [[1915]]. * [[9 Augusti|9]] - [[Iacobus van Allen]], astrophysicus [[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1914]]. * [[12 Augusti|12]] - [[Antonius Baptista Fragoso]], episcopus [[Brasilia]]nus; natus est anno [[1920]]. * [[26 Augusti|26]] - [[Rainer Barzel]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1924]]. * [[27 Augusti|27]] - [[Lucianus Mendes de Almeida]], sacerdos [[Iesuitae|Iesuita]] et [[Archiepiscopus]] civitatis Marianae;natus est anno [[1930]]. === Mense Septembri === * [[4 Septembris|4]] - [[Stephanus Irwin]], [[oecologia|oecologus]] [[Australia]]nus (natus anno [[1962]]). * [[10 Septembris|10]] - [[Tāufa'ahau Tupou IV]], rex [[Tonga]]e ab anno [[1965]]; natus est anno [[1918]]. * [[11 Septembris|11]] - [[Gulielmus Auld]], [[Scotia|Scoticus]] [[poëta]], auctor et interpres; natus est anno [[1924]]. * [[23 Septembris|23]] - [[Milcolumbus Arnold]], [[compositor]] et [[concentus magister]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]]; natus est anno [[1921]]. === Mense Novembri === * [[16 Novembris]] - [[Milton Friedman]], oeconomologus [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]] praeclarus [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] (natus anno [[1912]]) * [[23 Novembris]] ** [[Philippus Noiret]], praeclarus actor Francogallicus (natus anno [[1930]]) ** [[Alexander Litvinienko]] (natus anno [[1962]]) * [[29 Novembris]]: [[Leo Niemczyk]] (natus anno [[1923]]). === Mense Decembri === * [[1 Decembris|1]] - [[Claudia Jade]], actrix [[Francia|Francica]]; nata est anno [[1948]]. * [[7 Decembris|7]] - [[Ljuben Berov]], oeconomus et rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]]; natus est anno [[1925]]. * [[10 Decembris|10]] - [[Augustus Pinochet]], dux exercitus ac a die [[11 Septembris]] [[1973]], cum coniurationem fecit contra praesidem electum [[Salvator Allende|Salvatorem Allende]], usque ad diem [[11 Martii]] [[1990]] dux Chiliae (natus anno [[1915]]). * [[15 Decembris|15]] - [[Clay Regazzoni]], clarus autocinetorum ductor [[Helvetia|Helveticus]], natus anno [[1939]]. * [[18 Decembris|18]] - [[Iosephus Barbera]] (natus anno [[1911]]). * [[21 Decembris|21]] - [[Separmurat Niyazov]], dux [[Turcomannia]]e (natus anno [[1940]]). * [[23 Decembris|23]] - [[Marilyn Waltz]], [[actor|actrix]] et puella photogenica atque [[playmate]] [[CFA|Americana]]; nata est anno [[1931]]. * [[25 Decembris|25]] - [[Iacobus Brown]], cantor Americanus (natus anno [[1933]]). * [[26 Decembris|26]] - [[Giraldus Ford]], XXXVIII praesidens [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] (natus anno [[1913]]). * [[30 Decembris|30]] - [[Saddamus Hussein]], [[dictator]] [[Iraquia]]e (natus anno [[1937]]). == Cultura popularis == === Musica === * [[Gwibdaith Hen Frân]] grex musicus [[Cambria|Cambricus]] conditus est. === Pelliculae === * [[Snakes on a Plane]] ([[CFA]]) === Ludi computatrales === * [[Mediaevalis II: Bellum Totale]] ([[Iaponia]] et [[Regnum Unitum]]) 4htbni4ggh8ogxyd8lgor6dgsgbf3v2 0 3307 3960264 3944065 2026-05-17T19:46:40Z ~2026-29705-27 209518 Retractavi solum mendum typographicum 3960264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} Doctrix '''Sigrides Catharina Albert''' (vulgo: Sigrid Albert), primum [[Offenbachium ad Moenum|Offenbachiensis]] nunc Saravipontana, natione Theodisca, die 14 mensis Octobris anno 1952 nata, est sociologa, lexicographa et latinistria. [[File:Sigrides Albert, Cottidie Latine loquamur.jpg|thumb|''Cottidie Latine loquamur'', editio altera aucta, 2010]] Edidit plures libros lexicographicos et vocabularia pertinentia ad Latinitatem hodiernam. Etiam moderabat et edebat una cum Monacho [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]] commentarios latinos quibus titulus: [[Vox Latina]]. Nunc sola moderat et edit. [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ Vox Latina] Etiam opera latina sociologorum Francogallorum [[Caelestinus Bouglé|Caelestini Bouglé]], [[Aemilius Durkheim|Aemilii Durkheim]] et Renati Worms denuo edidit et in sermonem theotiscum vertit. == Libri et scripta a Sigride Albert editi == * 1986: "De quarto seminario Vestendensi latinitatis vivae", in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 2-3. * 1987: ''Cottidie latine loquamur. Textus de rebus cottidianis hodiernisque'', liber ornatus imaginibus a Lydia Albert delineatis, Saraviponti- Saarbrücken, 1987 * 1988: "De historiographia posthumanistica", in fasciculo: ''Symposium latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Vorträge einer Tagung der Arbeitsstelle für Neulatein an der Universität des Saarlandes, herausgegeben von Christian Helfer, Saraviponti, 1988. * 1988: ''Apologi Grimmiani'', Saraviponti, 1988. * 1989: ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989 (edidit Sigrides Albert). * 1989: De Olao Magno, scriptore historiae cultus civilis, in farragine ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989, p. 61 ad 73. * 1990: "De seminario quodam speciali magistris destinato", in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 6. * 1991: "Quid Melanchthon de institutione Latina suadeat", in fasciculo: ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua Latina vinculo Europae'', Parisiis in Instituto Finnico 25-27 m. Oct. anno 1991, Lutetiae, Institut Finlandais en France, 1991, pp. 75-86. * 1991: René Worms, ''De natura et methodo sociologiae'' (''Wesen und methode der Soziologie''), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Sigrid Albert, Saarbrücken, 1991. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 1.) * 1992: Émile Durkheim, ''Quid Secundatus scientiae politicae constituendae contulerit'' (''Der Beitrag Montesquieus zur Begründung der Soziologie''), Saarbrücken, 1992. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 2.) * 1992: ''Cottidianum Vocabularium Scholare. Theotisco-Latinum, Latino-Theotiscum, Francogallico-Latinum, Latino-Francogallicum'', Saraviponti (Saarbrücken), Societas Latina, 1992. * 1993: Célestin Bouglé, ''Quid e Cournoti disciplina ad scientias "sociologicas" promovendas sumere liceat'' (''Der Beitrag der Lehre Cournots zu den "soziologischen" Wissenschaften''), Saarbrücken, 1993. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 3.) * 1994: ''Hermanni Hesse fabula romancia, quae inscribitur "Sub rota",'' in latinum vertit Sigrides (Catharina) Albert, Saraviponti, 1994 * 1998: ''Imaginum vocabularium latinum'', Saraviponti, 1998. * 2002: "De Iohanne Ronaldo Tolkien eiusque opere", in commentariis Vox Latina, tomo 38 fasciculo 148, pp. 204-216. * 2006: "De Georgio Christophoro Lichtenberg, physico et viro litterario saeculi duodevicesimi.", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomus 42, fasc. 164, anno 2006. * 2007: ''De Albrechti Dürer imagine, cui titulus est "Melencolia I".'', in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', 42/2007/169. * 2009: "De pretio iusto", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomo 45, 2009, fasc. 176. {{NexInt}} * [[Libri Latine redditi]] == Nexus externi == * {{DNB-Portal|10963604X}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203152338/http://www.yle.fi/fbc/latini/images/Eichenseer.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert ineunte conventu ALF] (cum [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070349/http://www.tekhnai.es/alfconventus/monimenta/3-9/images/302.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert apud conventum ALF] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albert, Sigrides}} [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] crkjkvv2fvpwi60zpkyxh2rxljlaei8 3960266 3960264 2026-05-17T19:48:30Z ~2026-29705-27 209518 Mendum typographicum emendavi 3960266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} Doctrix '''Sigrides Catharina Albert''' (vulgo: Sigrid Albert), primum [[Offenbachium ad Moenum|Offenbachiensis]] nunc Saravipontana, natione Theodisca, die 14 mensis Octobris anno 1952 nata, est sociologa, lexicographa et latinistria. [[File:Sigrides Albert, Cottidie Latine loquamur.jpg|thumb|''Cottidie Latine loquamur'', editio altera aucta, 2010]] Edidit plures libros lexicographicos et vocabularia pertinentia ad Latinitatem hodiernam. Etiam moderabat et edebat una cum Monacho [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]] commentarios latinos quibus titulus: [[Vox Latina]]. Nunc sola moderat et edit. [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ Vox Latina] Etiam opera latina sociologorum Francogallorum [[Caelestinus Bouglé|Caelestini Bouglé]], [[Aemilius Durkheim|Aemilii Durkheim]] et Renati Worms denuo edidit et in sermonem Theotiscum vertit. == Libri et scripta a Sigride Albert editi == * 1986: "De quarto seminario Vestendensi latinitatis vivae", in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 2-3. * 1987: ''Cottidie latine loquamur. Textus de rebus cottidianis hodiernisque'', liber ornatus imaginibus a Lydia Albert delineatis, Saraviponti- Saarbrücken, 1987 * 1988: "De historiographia posthumanistica", in fasciculo: ''Symposium latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Vorträge einer Tagung der Arbeitsstelle für Neulatein an der Universität des Saarlandes, herausgegeben von Christian Helfer, Saraviponti, 1988. * 1988: ''Apologi Grimmiani'', Saraviponti, 1988. * 1989: ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989 (edidit Sigrides Albert). * 1989: De Olao Magno, scriptore historiae cultus civilis, in farragine ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989, p. 61 ad 73. * 1990: "De seminario quodam speciali magistris destinato", in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 6. * 1991: "Quid Melanchthon de institutione Latina suadeat", in fasciculo: ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua Latina vinculo Europae'', Parisiis in Instituto Finnico 25-27 m. Oct. anno 1991, Lutetiae, Institut Finlandais en France, 1991, pp. 75-86. * 1991: René Worms, ''De natura et methodo sociologiae'' (''Wesen und methode der Soziologie''), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Sigrid Albert, Saarbrücken, 1991. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 1.) * 1992: Émile Durkheim, ''Quid Secundatus scientiae politicae constituendae contulerit'' (''Der Beitrag Montesquieus zur Begründung der Soziologie''), Saarbrücken, 1992. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 2.) * 1992: ''Cottidianum Vocabularium Scholare. Theotisco-Latinum, Latino-Theotiscum, Francogallico-Latinum, Latino-Francogallicum'', Saraviponti (Saarbrücken), Societas Latina, 1992. * 1993: Célestin Bouglé, ''Quid e Cournoti disciplina ad scientias "sociologicas" promovendas sumere liceat'' (''Der Beitrag der Lehre Cournots zu den "soziologischen" Wissenschaften''), Saarbrücken, 1993. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 3.) * 1994: ''Hermanni Hesse fabula romancia, quae inscribitur "Sub rota",'' in latinum vertit Sigrides (Catharina) Albert, Saraviponti, 1994 * 1998: ''Imaginum vocabularium latinum'', Saraviponti, 1998. * 2002: "De Iohanne Ronaldo Tolkien eiusque opere", in commentariis Vox Latina, tomo 38 fasciculo 148, pp. 204-216. * 2006: "De Georgio Christophoro Lichtenberg, physico et viro litterario saeculi duodevicesimi.", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomus 42, fasc. 164, anno 2006. * 2007: ''De Albrechti Dürer imagine, cui titulus est "Melencolia I".'', in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', 42/2007/169. * 2009: "De pretio iusto", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomo 45, 2009, fasc. 176. {{NexInt}} * [[Libri Latine redditi]] == Nexus externi == * {{DNB-Portal|10963604X}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203152338/http://www.yle.fi/fbc/latini/images/Eichenseer.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert ineunte conventu ALF] (cum [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070349/http://www.tekhnai.es/alfconventus/monimenta/3-9/images/302.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert apud conventum ALF] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albert, Sigrides}} [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] 8n1ks37phq6kypmsmwmq5uyd0gfxdfj 3960267 3960266 2026-05-17T19:49:06Z ~2026-29705-27 209518 Mendum typographicum emendavi 3960267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} Doctrix '''Sigrides Catharina Albert''' (vulgo: Sigrid Albert), primum [[Offenbachium ad Moenum|Offenbachiensis]] nunc Saravipontana, natione Theodisca, die 14 mensis Octobris anno 1952 nata, est sociologa, lexicographa et latinistria. [[File:Sigrides Albert, Cottidie Latine loquamur.jpg|thumb|''Cottidie Latine loquamur'', editio altera aucta, 2010]] Edidit plures libros lexicographicos et vocabularia pertinentia ad Latinitatem hodiernam. Etiam moderabat et edebat una cum Monacho [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]] commentarios latinos quibus titulus: [[Vox Latina]]. Nunc sola moderat et edit. [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ Vox Latina] Etiam opera latina sociologorum Francogallorum [[Caelestinus Bouglé|Caelestini Bouglé]], [[Aemilius Durkheim|Aemilii Durkheim]] et Renati Worms denuo edidit et in sermonem Theodiscum vertit. == Libri et scripta a Sigride Albert editi == * 1986: "De quarto seminario Vestendensi latinitatis vivae", in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 2-3. * 1987: ''Cottidie latine loquamur. Textus de rebus cottidianis hodiernisque'', liber ornatus imaginibus a Lydia Albert delineatis, Saraviponti- Saarbrücken, 1987 * 1988: "De historiographia posthumanistica", in fasciculo: ''Symposium latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Vorträge einer Tagung der Arbeitsstelle für Neulatein an der Universität des Saarlandes, herausgegeben von Christian Helfer, Saraviponti, 1988. * 1988: ''Apologi Grimmiani'', Saraviponti, 1988. * 1989: ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989 (edidit Sigrides Albert). * 1989: De Olao Magno, scriptore historiae cultus civilis, in farragine ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989, p. 61 ad 73. * 1990: "De seminario quodam speciali magistris destinato", in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 6. * 1991: "Quid Melanchthon de institutione Latina suadeat", in fasciculo: ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua Latina vinculo Europae'', Parisiis in Instituto Finnico 25-27 m. Oct. anno 1991, Lutetiae, Institut Finlandais en France, 1991, pp. 75-86. * 1991: René Worms, ''De natura et methodo sociologiae'' (''Wesen und methode der Soziologie''), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Sigrid Albert, Saarbrücken, 1991. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 1.) * 1992: Émile Durkheim, ''Quid Secundatus scientiae politicae constituendae contulerit'' (''Der Beitrag Montesquieus zur Begründung der Soziologie''), Saarbrücken, 1992. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 2.) * 1992: ''Cottidianum Vocabularium Scholare. Theotisco-Latinum, Latino-Theotiscum, Francogallico-Latinum, Latino-Francogallicum'', Saraviponti (Saarbrücken), Societas Latina, 1992. * 1993: Célestin Bouglé, ''Quid e Cournoti disciplina ad scientias "sociologicas" promovendas sumere liceat'' (''Der Beitrag der Lehre Cournots zu den "soziologischen" Wissenschaften''), Saarbrücken, 1993. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 3.) * 1994: ''Hermanni Hesse fabula romancia, quae inscribitur "Sub rota",'' in latinum vertit Sigrides (Catharina) Albert, Saraviponti, 1994 * 1998: ''Imaginum vocabularium latinum'', Saraviponti, 1998. * 2002: "De Iohanne Ronaldo Tolkien eiusque opere", in commentariis Vox Latina, tomo 38 fasciculo 148, pp. 204-216. * 2006: "De Georgio Christophoro Lichtenberg, physico et viro litterario saeculi duodevicesimi.", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomus 42, fasc. 164, anno 2006. * 2007: ''De Albrechti Dürer imagine, cui titulus est "Melencolia I".'', in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', 42/2007/169. * 2009: "De pretio iusto", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomo 45, 2009, fasc. 176. {{NexInt}} * [[Libri Latine redditi]] == Nexus externi == * {{DNB-Portal|10963604X}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203152338/http://www.yle.fi/fbc/latini/images/Eichenseer.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert ineunte conventu ALF] (cum [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070349/http://www.tekhnai.es/alfconventus/monimenta/3-9/images/302.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert apud conventum ALF] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albert, Sigrides}} [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] djzopbh1vy6e018vrjhbflvs681tdr8 3960270 3960267 2026-05-17T19:56:39Z ~2026-29705-27 209518 Mendum typographicum emendavi 3960270 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} Doctrix '''Sigrides Catharina Albert''' (vulgo: Sigrid Albert), primum [[Offenbachium ad Moenum|Offenbachiensis]] nunc Saravipontana, natione Theodisca, die 14 mensis Octobris anno 1952 nata, est sociologa, lexicographa et latinistria. [[File:Sigrides Albert, Cottidie Latine loquamur.jpg|thumb|''Cottidie Latine loquamur'', editio altera aucta, 2010]] Edidit plures libros lexicographicos et vocabularia pertinentia ad Latinitatem hodiernam. Etiam moderabat et edebat una cum Monacho [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]] commentarios latinos quibus titulus: [[Vox Latina]]. Nunc sola moderat et edit. [http://www.voxlatina.uni-saarland.de/ Vox Latina] Etiam opera latina sociologorum Francogallorum [[Caelestinus Bouglé|Caelestini Bouglé]], [[Aemilius Durkheim|Aemilii Durkheim]] et Renati Worms denuo edidit et in sermonem Theodiscum vertit. == Libri et scripta a Sigride Albert editi == * 1986: "De quarto seminario Vestendensi latinitatis vivae", in ''[[Melissa]]'', n° 14, anno 1986, pp. 2-3. * 1987: ''Cottidie latine loquamur. Textus de rebus cottidianis hodiernisque'', liber ornatus imaginibus a Lydia Albert delineatis, Saraviponti- Saarbrücken, 1987 * 1988: "De historiographia posthumanistica", in fasciculo: ''Symposium latinitatis posthumanisticae'', Vorträge einer Tagung der Arbeitsstelle für Neulatein an der Universität des Saarlandes, herausgegeben von Christian Helfer, Saraviponti, 1988. * 1988: ''Apologi Grimmiani'', Saraviponti, 1988. * 1989: ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989 (edidit Sigrides Albert). * 1989: De Olao Magno, scriptore historiae cultus civilis, in farragine ''Latine "sapere, agere, loqui", miscellanea Caelesti Eichenseer dedicata'', Saraviponti, 1989, p. 61 ad 73. * 1990: "De seminario quodam speciali magistris destinato", in ''Melissa'', n° 34, anno 1990, p. 6. * 1991: "Quid Melanchthon de institutione Latina suadeat", in fasciculo: ''Symposium Latinum. De lingua Latina vinculo Europae'', Parisiis in Instituto Finnico 25-27 m. Oct. anno 1991, Lutetiae, Institut Finlandais en France, 1991, pp. 75-86. * 1991: René Worms, ''De natura et methodo sociologiae'' (''Wesen und methode der Soziologie''), herausgegeben und übersetzt von Sigrid Albert, Saarbrücken, 1991. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 1.) * 1992: Émile Durkheim, ''Quid Secundatus scientiae politicae constituendae contulerit'' (''Der Beitrag Montesquieus zur Begründung der Soziologie''), Saarbrücken, 1992. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 2.) * 1992: ''Cottidianum Vocabularium Scholare. Theodisco-Latinum, Latino-Theodiscum, Francogallico-Latinum, Latino-Francogallicum'', Saraviponti (Saarbrücken), Societas Latina, 1992. * 1993: Célestin Bouglé, ''Quid e Cournoti disciplina ad scientias "sociologicas" promovendas sumere liceat'' (''Der Beitrag der Lehre Cournots zu den "soziologischen" Wissenschaften''), Saarbrücken, 1993. (Lateinische Texte zur Soziologie. Band 3.) * 1994: ''Hermanni Hesse fabula romancia, quae inscribitur "Sub rota",'' in Latinum vertit Sigrides (Catharina) Albert, Saraviponti, 1994 * 1998: ''Imaginum vocabularium Latinum'', Saraviponti, 1998. * 2002: "De Iohanne Ronaldo Tolkien eiusque opere", in commentariis Vox Latina, tomo 38 fasciculo 148, pp. 204-216. * 2006: "De Georgio Christophoro Lichtenberg, physico et viro litterario saeculi duodevicesimi.", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomus 42, fasc. 164, anno 2006. * 2007: ''De Albrechti Dürer imagine, cui titulus est "Melencolia I".'', in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', 42/2007/169. * 2009: "De pretio iusto", in commentariis ''Vox Latina'', tomo 45, 2009, fasc. 176. {{NexInt}} * [[Libri Latine redditi]] == Nexus externi == * {{DNB-Portal|10963604X}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20040203152338/http://www.yle.fi/fbc/latini/images/Eichenseer.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert ineunte conventu ALF] (cum [[Caelestis Eichenseer|Caeleste Eichenseer]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070928070349/http://www.tekhnai.es/alfconventus/monimenta/3-9/images/302.jpg Imago Sigridis Albert apud conventum ALF] {{scriptor-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Albert, Sigrides}} [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini hodierni]] [[Categoria:Nati 1952]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Melissae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Vocis Latinae]] [[Categoria:Socii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae]] f67nwsu6ztsvhdtlpwt80lxpimmmkbj 0 4345 3960263 3960108 2026-05-17T19:28:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Scientia dubia}} {{Pagina polienda|Nonnulla nomina videntur esse ficticia, atque Vicipaedia Theodisca hic adhibita est fons; vide [[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere]].}} [[Fasciculus:Deutschland Flussgebietseinheiten.png|thumb|right|Praecipuorum [[Germania|Germanicorum]] fluminum graviores naves perferentium diagramma ([[Theodisce]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Rheinbrücke Konstanz bei Föhn.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pons super [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantiae]].]] [[Fasciculus:Elbe Bad Schandau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum [[Bad Schandau]] iuxta [[Albis|Albim]].]] [[Fasciculus:Aerials Deggendorf 16.06.2006.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum Deggendorfium<ref name="Deggendorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref> iuxta [[Danuvius|Danuvium]].]] [[Fluvius|Fluvii]] [[Germania]]e se in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], et [[Mare Germanicum]] effundunt. Praecipua sunt: * cum [[Ostium fluminis|ostio]] in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Viadrus]]; * cum ostio in [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], [[Danuvius]], cum suis praecipuis [[amnis influens|amnibus influentibus]] [[Aenus|Aeno]], [[Isara|Isarā]], et [[Licus|Lico]]; * cum ostio in [[Mare Germanicum]], [[Rhenus]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Mosella|Mosellā]], [[Moenus|Moeno]] et [[Nicer|Nicro]]; [[Visurgis]]; et [[Albis]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Habala|Habalā]] et [[Sala (flumen)|Salā]]. ==Secundum longitudinem== Insequentes indices fluvios Germaniae ordinant secundum totam eorum longitudinem (e fonte in ostium), quamquam eorum longitudo intra Germaniae fines minor sit. ===Flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Danuvius<ref>Vide articulum "Danuvius" apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "Danube -river in Europe; '''Danuvius'' in Latin".</ref> seu Ister<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Hister<ref>[[Ovidius]], ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' 1.8.11: "urbs ripae vicina binominis Histri".</ref> | ''Donau'' | align="right" | 2850 | [[Pontus Euxinus]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Rhein'' | align="right" | 1233 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alba<ref name=Gr/> seu Albea<ref name=Gr/> seu Albia<ref name=Gr/> seu Albius<ref name=Gr/> seu Alpia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alvea<ref name=Gr/> seu Heilba<ref name=Gr/> seu Helbia<ref name=Gr/> seu Herlba<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 1094 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Viadus<ref name=Gr/> seu Odora<ref name=Gr/> seu Oder<ref name=Gr/> seu Odagra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odara<ref name=Gr/> seu Odra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odrita<ref name=Gr/> seu Adora<ref name=Gr/> seu Suevus Flavius<ref name=Gr/> seu Oddera<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski">[https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3".</ref> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddore<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 854 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella<ref name=Gr/> seu Mosula<ref name=Gr/> seu Musla<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mosel'' | align="right" | 544 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mogonus<ref name=Gr/> seu Manus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moius<ref name=Gr/> seu Mogus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moino<ref name=Gr/> | ''Main'' | align="right" | 524 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Enus<ref name=Gr/> seu Oenus<ref name=Gr/> seu Inus<ref name=Gr/> seu Hinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Innus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Inn'' | align="right" | 517 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wesera seu Wisara seu Wisuraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisora<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisura<ref name=Gr/> seu Visera<ref name=Gr/> seu Visara<ref name=Gr/> seu Wissula<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 451 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 413 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Neccarus<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Nechara<ref name=Gr/> seu Nectara<ref name=Gr/> seu Necorus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neckar'' | align="right" | 384 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sprea<ref>{{Mundt}}</ref> seu Spreve<ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewe <ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewa<ref name="Tractatus de duabus...">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_duabus_Sarmatiis_Europiana_et_Asiana_et_de_contentis_in_eis Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis], ubi dicitur "(...) penes fluvium Sueuum Teutonice Spre seu Sprewa dictum, (...)".</ref> seu Spre<ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> seu Suevus<ref>"Suevus", "... ad Suevum" etc. {{Google Books|KRg_AAAAcAAJ|p. 578 et passim}}</ref><ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> | ''Spree'' | align="right" | 382 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Emisa<ref name="Emisa">[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10/Mueller*.html Karl Müller's Apparatus and Notes to Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Germania Magna], ubi dicitur "(...) Amisis vel Amissis codd. Plinii 4, 100; Ἀμασίας Strabo 7, 1, 3; germanice olim Emisa fl. et Emisgow regio, nunc Ems fl. (...)".</ref> seu Amissis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisus<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasis<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasius<ref name=Gr/> seu Emesa<ref name=Gr/> seu Amera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ems'' | align="right" | 371 | [[Sinus Dollarius]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=O6deAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA675&lpg=PA675&dq=%22dollert%22+sinus&source=bl&ots=gvKfvPBBEJ&sig=ACfU3U1HLVN-1obH4z02czxdQrkKEeQdtA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf-M714PSGAxWJVPEDHeCwAEcQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=%22dollert%22%20sinus&f=false Allgemeinnütziges Geschicht- und Staaten-Wörterbuch], ubi dicitur "Dollart, Dollert, Sinus Dollarius vel Emdanus (...)".</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | Habola<ref name=Gr/> seu Havila<ref name=Gr/> seu Labola<ref name=Gr/> seu Albola<ref name=Gr/> | ''Havel'' | align="right" | 325 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Vagarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vierra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Werra'' | align="right" | 298 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isura<ref name=Gr/> seu Isarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ysera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isar'' | align="right" | 292 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Agira<ref name=Gr/> seu Agra<ref name=Gr/> seu Egra<ref name=Gr/> seu Oegra<ref name=Gr/> seu Ogra<ref name=Gr/> seu Agria<ref name=Gr/> | ''Eger'' | align="right" | 291 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | Leinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lynius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lagina<ref name=Gr/> | ''Leine'' | align="right" | 281 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)".</ref> | Alera<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> seu Elera<ref name="Aller"/> seu Aelara<ref name=Gr/> seu Alra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Aller'' | align="right" | 263 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra">Documentum 68, in: Carolus H. Lampe (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Thüringen, 1. Bd., p. 68.</ref> | Elstera<ref>[https://archive.is/20121129132241/bv-moeckernwahren.de/via/Viadukt_25.pdf DIE BÜRGERZEITUNG FÜR MÖCKERN UND WAHRENDIE WEISSE ELSTER - ein vergessener Fluß?]</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Elstera Albus<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> | ''Weiße Elster'' | align="right" | 257 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lippia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lippa<ref name=Gr/> seu Libia<ref name=Gr/> seu Luppia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lyppia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lippe'' | align="right" | 255 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nysa<ref name=Gr/> seu Nyza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nycza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nysensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neiße'' | align="right" | 254 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lica<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=V-oKH5yTvyAC&pg=PA82-IA1&lpg=PA82-IA1&dq=Lica+Lech&source=bl&ots=k2mj676gV4&sig=_V0jmBjlhnU4yI5oMRn5LnrsmlA&hl=en&ei=WnlITbiBCYjHswaGvJCCAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lica%20Lech&f=false Poesies: Llibres I i II By Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus]</ref> seu Lichus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lecha<ref name=Gr/> seu Licoas<ref name=Gr/> seu Lycus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lechus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lehhae<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lech'' | align="right" | 248 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sarra<ref name=Gr/> seu Sara<ref name=Gr/> seu Sangona<ref name=Gr/> seu Saora<ref name=Gr/> seu Saroa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Saar'' | align="right" | 246 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | Loganus<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit."</ref> seu Lahna<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Full text of "Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome : (in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament, March 27, 1851)"'' apud www.archive.org] "[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]]"</ref> seu Lagana<ref name=Gr/> seu Logana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lona<ref name=Gr/> seu Lanus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lahana<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lahn'' | align="right" | 242 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Alcmon<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmonia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alamona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemo<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Almuna<ref name=Gr/> seu Almonus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Altmühl'' | align="right" | 227 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Salsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Ivarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iuvarus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Salzach'' | align="right" | 225 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Fulda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vultaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wulda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Fulda'' | align="right" | 218 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | Rurinna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ruhr'' | align="right" | 217 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elda (flumen)|Elda]]<ref>Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elde#Flussnamen articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand 786 als ''in Eldam'' statt" (...).</ref> | | ''Elde'' | align="right" | 208 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis">Vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "n 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''".</ref> | Unstroda<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrada<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstravia<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrota<ref name=Gr/> seu Unestrude<ref name="Onestrudis"/> seu Unstruod<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | ''Unstrut'' | align="right" | 192 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Jagst'' | align="right" | 190 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Hunte'' | align="right" | 189 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Eider (lateinisch Egdor (...) Der Name der Eider leitet sich mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit von ''Egidor'' (Fluttor, Schreckenstor) ab und spielt auf den germanischen Meerriesen Ægir an, der für Fluten und damit verbundene Schrecken verantwortlich gemacht wurde. Die nach Volker Schmidt erste lateinische Erwähnung als ''Flumen Egidora'' legt diese Annahme nahe. Weitere Namen der Eider wie ''Egidorae fluminis'' (9. Jh. Reichsannalen), ''fluminis Eydori'' (12. Jh. Saxo Grammaticus), ''Eidera'' (1148 Urkunde Heinrich des Löwen) und ''Eydaer'' (1235 im Erdbuch König Waldemars II.) geben Aufschluss über die Herleitung zum heutigen Namen. ".</ref> | Eidora<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidor<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydorus<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidona<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Eidera<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydaer<ref name="Egdor"/> | ''Eider'' | align="right" | 188 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Amper'' seu ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 185 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra">[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=Alstera+Elster&source=bl&ots=O6jtjv6YLV&sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alstera%20Elster&f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]</ref> | Elstera Niger<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> seu Altsra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schwarze Elster'' | align="right" | 179 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur "(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)".</ref> | Adarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Aderna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ederna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ethrina<ref name=Gr/> seu Adrina<ref>Sperber, Rüdiger (1996). "Die Nebenflüsse von Werra und Fulda bis zum Zusammenfluß". ''Hydronymia Germaniae''. Reihe A, Lief. 5. Steiner, Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3515006453.</ref> | ''Eder'' | align="right" | 177 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 173 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 763 wird der Fluss erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (secus fluvium Hassa) (...)".</ref> | Hasa<ref name=Gr/> seu Asa<ref name=Gr/> seu Assa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Hase'' | align="right" | 170 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Bada<ref name=Gr/> seu Botum<ref name=Gr/> seu Buda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bode'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)".</ref> | Reganus<ref name="Regana"/> seu Reganum<ref name="Regana"/> | ''Regen'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera">[https://books.google.es/books?id=bHVBAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA63&lpg=RA3-PA63&dq=cochera+fluvius+Kocher&source=bl&ots=9heufonibr&sig=ACfU3U1qKFXUcAKG4YdC_4Y2JchLVTDjZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi359OEkvWGAxVfbvEDHcChAggQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=cochera%20fluvius%20Kocher&f=false Mercurius Gallobelgicus M. Gothardo Arthusio succenturiatus], ubi dicitur "ibique in Cochera (...) fluvius Kocher".</ref> | Cochara<ref name=Gr/> seu Kocher<ref name="Cochera"/> | ''Kocher'' | align="right" | 168 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seyna Minor]]<ref name="Sayn">Fingitur hoc nomen ex vocibus "Seyna" aut "Zeina", quae apparent in {{Graesse}} referentes ad oppidulum Germanicum Theodisce nuncupatum "Sayn", cuius nomen e flumine homonymo derivatur, etiam nuncupato Theodisce ''Saynbach'', quod vicissim dat nomen alio flumini ''Kleiner Saynbach''</ref> | Zeina Minor<ref name="Sayn"/> | ''Kleiner Saynbach'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Seyna (flumen)|Seyna]]<ref name="Sayn"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vaconna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vechta<ref name=Gr/> seu Vedrus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Vechte'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Aqua Nigra (flumen)|Aqua Nigra]]<ref>[https://www.google.es/books/edition/Nederlandse_waternamen/HIEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&dq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&printsec=frontcover Mauritii Schönfeld ''Nederlandse waternamen''], ubi dicitur "Wijdverbreid is ''Zwarte Water'' = lt. ''Aqua nigra'', engels ''Blackwater'' (...)".</ref> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Zviccaviensis-e", in libro "Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium" apparenti et referenti ad urbem [[Cygnea]]m.</ref> | Milda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Milla Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mulda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mylda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mlidava Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> | ''Zwickauer Mulde'' | align="right" | 166 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)".</ref> | Nabas<ref name="Naba"/> seu Napa<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nabe<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nab<ref name="Naba"/> | ''Naab'' | align="right" | 165 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rur'' | align="right" | 164 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schleichgraben]] | | ''Schleichgraben'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | Segaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Siga<ref name=Gr/> | ''Sieg'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | Hosta<ref name=Gr/> | ''Oste'' | align="right" | 153 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werdaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Virdo<ref name=Gr/> seu Vinda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vindex<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wertach'' | align="right" | 150 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihr lateinischer Name war '''Hilaria''' oder auch ''Hilara'' (...)".</ref> | Hilara<ref name="Hilaria"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Ilara<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Hylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilargus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Iller'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Milda<ref name=Gr/> seu Milla<ref name=Gr/> seu Mylda<ref name=Gr/> seu Mlidava<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mulde'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pena<ref name=Gr/> seu Penes<ref name=Gr/> seu Pana<ref name=Gr/> seu Penis<ref name=Gr/> seu Peanis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Peene'' | align="right" | 136 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutense" Lutense"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam.</ref> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Parra (flumen)|Parra]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Paar'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rhinus]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Rhin'' | align="right" | 133 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | Warinza<ref name=Gr/> seu Werna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wörnitz'' | align="right" | 132 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Tuberus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Tubaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Tubara<ref name=Gr/> | ''Tauber'' | align="right" | 131 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Varnova]]<ref name="Hofmeister II 1891">Hofmeister, A. (1891). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Rostock: Vol. 2''. (Mich. 1499 - Ost. 1611). Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou">Vide [https://www.fs-warnemuende.de/ www.fs-warnemuende], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer, das nördlich von Parchim entspringt, ist erstmals 1160 als Warnou flumen und 1186 als aqua Warnow urkundlich erwähnt (...).</ref>, Warnow<ref name="Warnou"/> | ''Warnow'' | align="right" | 130 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Chalusus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Ruhr)#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird im 13. Jh. erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (supra oder super Lenam)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 129 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | Kylia<ref name=Gr/> seu Belgis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Kyll'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zschopau#Geschichte de homonymā urbe apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1286 erfolgte die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als „Schapa“, 1292 die Bezeichnung Zschopaus als civitas (...)".</ref> | | ''Zschopau'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara Wissingensis]]<ref name="Lapara">Secundum [https://books.google.es/books?id=i-_gDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Kleine+Laber+%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=sJegxM7pNX&sig=ACfU3U3SJzaPgZCEumBJptUz_l_4myXnmg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-4uiTsraHAxW_Q_EDHcZbBxYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Kleine%20Laber%20%22%20flumen&f=false ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Große und die Kleine Laber sind um 790 als "Lapara" belegt (...)", nomen Latinum "Lapara" ad flumina Theodisce ''Große Laber'' et ''Kleine Laber'' nuncupata refert. Ergo, adhibitur adiectivum "parva" seu "magna" seu "alba" seu "Wissingensis" seu "Breitenbrunnensis" historico nomini Latino ut distinguantur haec flumina.</ref> | | ''Wissinger Laber'' | align="right" | 127 | [[Lapara Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> | Naha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Fränkische Saale im Jahr 716 als super fluvio Sala in pago Salvense (am Fluss Sala im Saalgau). Im Jahr 777 schrieb man in einem Fuldaer Urkundenbuch: in pago Salecgauio super fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Saale'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Fribergensis-e", referenti ad urbem [[Friberga]]m.</ref> | Milda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Milla Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mylda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mlidava Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> | ''Freiberger Mulde'' | align="right" | 124 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wimma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wümme'' | align="right" | 121 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesum#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1331 als ''ultra Lesmoniam'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Niers'' | align="right" | 118 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bercla]]<ref name="Bercla">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss tritt 1322 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (''bercla'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Berkel'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJssel hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) The Romans knew the river as '''Isala''' (...)".</ref> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Wupper'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisach#%C3%89tymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Les formes antérieures de noms sont Liubasa (1003), Lyubasa (environ 1052), Liubisaha (1148-1155), Livbisaha (12e siècle), Liubsaha (1258), Leusach (1332), Leusach (1348) (...)".</ref> | Lyubasa<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubisaha<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubsaha<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Leusach<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Loysa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Loisach'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nida (flumen)|Nida Saravi]]<ref name="Nida">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nied#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "Dénommé ''Nida'' dans les inscriptions romaines (...) Anciennes mentions: Neda (1121), Nidden (1200), Nithen (1364) (...)".</ref> | Neda<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nidden<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nithen<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nita Germanica<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Nied'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Travea<ref name=Gr/> seu Travenna<ref name=Gr/> seu Travena<ref name=Gr/> seu Chalusus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Trave'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pagantia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pegnesus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Pegnitz'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Peschsiefen]] | | ''Peschsiefen'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Ankerbacum (Rhenus)|Ankerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze">Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref> | | ''Enz'' | align="right" | 112 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diemel#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "In historischen Quellen wird die Diemel ebenfalls als ''Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola, Timella'' (...)".</ref> | Dymel<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimella<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimola<ref name="Dimel"/> Timella<ref name="Dimel"/> | ''Diemel'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rott'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilmenau'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vilisa|Vilisa Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name=Gr/> seu Quintanica<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> seu Filisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA455&lpg=PA455&dq=Saalach+%22flumen%22&source=bl&ots=ujlRsntsPa&sig=ACfU3U0SU_fvCyOKvGtwJZrcYzb3TFBxYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP45KImveGAxX9RP4FHTzeBMoQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=Saalach%20%22flumen%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "''''Saalach''', '''die''' (...) ''iuxta fluvium Sala, iuxta fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalach'' | align="right" | 106 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redera]]<ref name="Riedel 1863">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Große Röder'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oker hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Sie wurde 747 das erste Mal als Ovacra in Zusammenhang mit dem Okerübergang in Ohrum erwähnt, (...)".</ref><ref>[https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_6/index.htm#page/7/mode/1up Annales regni Francorum (MGH SS rer. Germ. 6)], ubi dicitur "(...) super fluvium Ovacra in loco, qui dicitur Orheim, (...)".</ref> | Obacro<ref>[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_regni_Francorum Annales regni Francorum (Vicifons)], ubi dicitur "(...) supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim".</ref> | ''Oker'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erft#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Erft im Jahre 496/506 vom Geographen von Ravenna als Arnefa. Sie hieß zunächst „Arnapa“, später „Arnefe“ und „Arlefe“. Schließlich fand man 1320 den Namen „Arfe“. Der Name ist eine Komposition aus dem Hydronym -apa und dem germanischen Wort *arna-/*arni- mit der Bedeutung 'sicher, energisch, tüchtig' (...)".</ref> | Arnapa<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arnefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arlefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arfe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu [[Arphta]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln''. H. Voss.</ref> | ''Erft'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Misa (flumen Germanicum)|Misa]]<ref name="Misa">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%BEe#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Originally, the entire stream including the Berounka was called Mže (Latin: ''Misa'', German: ''Mies'') and the name first appeared in the 12th century in Chronica Boemorum. The name was written as ''Mse'', ''Msa'' and ''Mzye'' (...)".</ref> | Mse<ref name="Misa"/> seu Msa<ref name="Misa"/> seu Mzye<ref name="Misa"/> | ''Mies'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Berounka]]<ref name="Berounka">Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/4f/42/18/bd/4f4218bd-603a-4e29-9aa1-5794dcc5fcde/files/Cavan_Alt_02.pdf Asiento para un atlas corológico de la flora occidental, 25], ubi dicitur "in rivo Berounka haud procul a pago Zadní Trebáñ".</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ara<ref name=Gr/> seu Oraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Hora<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ohre'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | | ''Ach'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vida]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida">Helmut Priewer, Mathias Priewer, Gerhard Hachenberg: Warum ist die Wied eine Witt? In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreises Neuwied 2011, ISBN 3-9809797-8-4, S. 232–235.</ref> | ''Wied'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Friedberger Ach'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa">Hadrianus Vallesius, ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta'', [[Lutetia|Parisiis]], 1675, apud Fredericum Leonard, p. 89.</ref> | | ''Blies'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fuhse]] | | ''Fuhse'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerste#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Innerste (frühere Formen lauten auch Inste (1805) oder Inster(-Fluß) (1780[9] und 1742[10]), Inderste (1567), Indistria (1313), Entrista (1065) und Indrista (1013)), könnte auf die indogermanische Wurzel oid = schwellend, kräftig zurückgehen (...)".</ref> | Inderste<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Indistria<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Entrista<ref name="Indistra"/> | ''Innerste'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 99 et 85 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 99 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Wald-'' (cui vide [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&nr=1 Navigium], ubi dicitur "'''silvāticus a um''' (''a/o-Deklination'') Wald-, zum Wald gehörig").</ref> | Nabas Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Napa Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nabe Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nab Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | ''Waldnaab'' | align="right" | 99 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.551/html?lang=en degruyter.com], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ucker, die''' (in Brandenburg)", '''Uecker''' (in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) (...) 1168 ''fluminis ucrensis,'' 1235 (Kopie) ''parte aque'' (...) ''ukera, trans ukeram,'' (...) ''prope ukram'' (...).</ref> | Ukara<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ukra<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Flumen Ucrense<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ucra<ref name="Bratring 1805">Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.</ref> | ''Uecker'' | align="right" | 98 | [[Lacus maritimus Stettinensis]]<ref name="LMS">De hoc nomine, confer urbem [[Stettinum]].</ref> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milde-Biese-Aland#cite_ref-8 hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird 786 als Alend erstmals erwähnt und hat die Bedeutung 'aufwachsend' (...)".</ref> | | ''Aland'' seu ''Milde'' seu ''Biese'' seu ''Milde-Biese-Aland'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha">Vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur "(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)".</ref> | Suvalmanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> seu Swalamanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oura (Sura)|Oura]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> | | ''Our'' seu ''Ur'' | align="right" | 96 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dame]]<ref name="Dame">Confer [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=snippet&q=1440&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur "(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Dahme'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Wipper''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Doxa (flumen)|Doxa]]<ref name="Doxa">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123407/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5ca0240d-cb67-447b-838c-e448c1f84200/1003655.pdf Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven], ubi dicitur "(...) Das ausschlaggebende Grundwort bei den bereits erwähnten und noch zu erwähnenden Formen scheint der Name der ''Dosse'', ein es Nebenflusses der Havel in der Prignitz. zu sein . Die frühesten, im Grunde jedoch spät einsetzenden Belege dieses Hydronyms sind: 1172 ''iuxta...Doxam'' (Helmold 40); 1274 ''dossa''; 1284 ''infra dosam'' (...)".</ref> | Dossa<ref name="Doxa"/> seu Dosa<ref name="Doxa"/> | ''Dosse'' | align="right" | 94 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)".</ref> | Chinzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kinzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 93 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 92 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nagalta<ref name=Gr/> seu Nagaltha<ref name=Gr/> seu Naglatensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nagold'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Premantia]]<ref name="Premantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prims#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine lateinische Urkunde Karls des Großen von 802 erwähnt den Namen Premantia. Der Flussname Premantia oder Bhrimantia (von „wallen“/„summen“) dürfte der keltischen Epoche entstammen (...)".</ref> | Bhrimantia | ''Prims'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glana (Nava)|Glana]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. Bonnae: Behrend & Co.</ref> | Glan<ref name="Glan Navae">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22flumen+Glan%22&source=bl&ots=ujmIwlysO7&sig=ACfU3U23l5Qidd06sYVb0KVJREd8YLFvDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji5bbFwZ-HAxXgQvEDHdb5ClsQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Glan%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "(...) Glan, der r.z. Nahe (z. Rhein) bei Odernheim am Glan (...) ''super flumen Glan'' (...)".</ref> | ''Glan'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Rhein)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Nach Berger (1999) sind die Namen ''Helzaha fluvium'' (763), ''Elzach'' (1234) und ''Elza'' (1335) urkundlich belegt (...)".</ref> | Elsach<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Elza<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Alisontia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elz'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidda_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Nidda'' gehört zu den ältesten Gewässernamen Europas. Die im 1. Jahrhundert an der Nidda errichtete Römerstadt Nida deutet darauf hin, dass die Römer den Flussnamen bereits vorfanden. Die älteste mittelalterliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahr 782 (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidda'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Pleiße'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wutach articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wutach wird im Jahr 1122 urkundlich erstmals genannt als ''Vutahe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wutach'' seu ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ">De adiectivo Zwiveltense, confer articulum de [[Zwiveltum|urbe Zwivelto]].</ref> | | ''Zwiefalter Aach'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dinkel (flumen)|Dinkel]] | | ''Dinkel'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Recknitz'' | align="right" | 88 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Große Laber'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | Stura<ref name=Gr/> seu Sturia<ref name=Gr/> seu Stihira<ref name=Gr/> | ''Stör'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Abrinca<ref name="Vergleichendes"/> seu Abricca<ref name="Vergleichendes">[http://books.google.de/books?id=NvYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Abricca&source=bl&ots=eTCBImcOgu&sig=u6nCfXmVmg2Y28LgxVTT_TFVIf4&hl=de&ei=mzfBTpGBMe754QSxqJyoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Abricca&f=false Vergleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen geographie von Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff, Johann Heinrich Möller]</ref> | ''Ahr'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name des Flusses war Erfes (auch Erphes, Erfis oder Erphis), von dem der Name der Thüringer Landeshauptstadt Erfurt abstammt. Der Name Gera als Flussbezeichnung ist seit 1108 (Gerahe) belegt (...) Die lateinische Bezeichnung Hiera für Gera findet sich auch in der Benennung der alten Universität Erfurt als „Hierana“ (die an der Gera gelegene) (...)".</ref> | Gera<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Gerahe<ref name="Hiera"/> | ''Gera'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Prüm'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osterbek]] | | ''Osterbek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | Audan Magnum<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schipbeek]] | | ''Schipbeek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Sude'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Amsaris<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Hemiscara<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Eimscherna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emscher'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz">Vide ''Usus aquarum, Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Nutzung und Bedeutung von Gewässern im Mittelalter'', , ubi dicitur "(...) 1264) 1570 ''fluuii Stepenitz'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aisca]]<ref name="Aisca">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher wurde fälschlicherweise angenommen, dass die Herkunft des Namens Aisch (karolingisch Eisce und Eisge, in einer Urkunde von 1129 Aisca[6]) in seiner ursprünglichen Konnotation fischreich bedeutet (...)".</ref> | Eisce<ref name="Aisca"/> seu Eisge<ref name="Aisca"/> | ''Aisch'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wazowniza]]<ref name="Wesenitz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenitz#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Oberlausitzer Grenzurkunde wurde der Fluss 1241 mehrfach als ''Wazowniza''⁷ genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesenitz'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Sala<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Issel'' | align="right" | 82 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusam#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine Landschaftsbezeichnung von 898 in pago Dúria („im Gau Dúria“) enthält den alten Namen des Flusses. Dieser stammt vermutlich vom keltisch/gallischen Wort *durā, *duriā, was so viel wie 'Flusslauf' bedeutet.[4] 1268 tritt der Name als Zvsma, 1269 als Zvsem, 1284 als Zeusme (...)".</ref> | Zusma<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zusem<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zeusme<ref name="Duria"/> | ''Zusam'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Elmena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Helme'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isia<ref name=Gr/> seu Isinisca<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isen'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helbe]]<ref name="Helbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Im Jahr 1267 taucht der Fluss als ''aquam … Helbe'' erstmals in den schriftlichen Urkunden auf (...)".</ref> | | ''Helbe'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ichesa<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Itz'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aha (flumen)|Aha]]<ref name="Aha">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ad Ahae fluvii'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Großache'' seu ''Kitzbüheler Ache'' seu ''Jochberger Ache'' seu ''Kössener Ache'' seu ''Tiroler Achen'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis">Gerhard Lorenz, [https://www.bavarikon.de/search?terms=Prior+von+Tegernsee&lang=en&facet=creator.name_str%3AGerhard%2C+Lorenz%3B+Verfasser "Brevis Bavariae geographia" (Herbipoli: 1844).]</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Murg'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=6QkAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA648&lpg=PA648&dq=%22amnis+Wiesent%22&source=bl&ots=ll6FFVN8hL&sig=ACfU3U3LV2O7iOzTO3ktkkn5305tf_T6fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijsom6v7iHAxWwfKQEHRnRD_4Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22amnis%20Wiesent%22&f=false ''Bryologia universa seu Systematica ad novam methodum dispositio'', Vol. II], ubi dicitur "(...) In lapidicinis et ad ripa amnis Wiesent prope Erlangam (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesent'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Mindel'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&pg=RA2-PT353&lpg=RA2-PT353&dq=Rems+fluvius&source=bl&ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rems%20fluvius&f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctore Christophoro Giglingio].</ref> | Remsa<ref name="Remisus"/> seu Ramasia<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=bmITAAAAIAAJ&q=Ramasia&dq=Ramasia&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX3v-KyNvmAhXQLVAKHZyABysQ6AEIXDAH Fons nominis in ''Heinrich Bebels Facetien drei Bücher'', 1931, pag. 199]</ref> | ''Rems'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Frimida]]<ref name="Frimida">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfreimd_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten Belege des Namens Pfreimd sind ''Frimida'' (1022/23), ''Frima'' (1024–1031), ''Phrime'' (um 1130; mit der alten Schreibung <ph> für <pf>) und ''Phrimede'' (1156) (...)".</ref> | Frima<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrime<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrimede<ref name="Frimida"/> | ''Pfreimd'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Smuttura]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schmutter'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilma]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Ilma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm_(Abens)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahre 821 schrieb man ''Ilma'', 890 ''Ilminam'', 920 ''Ilmim'' und seit 1322 ''Ilm'' (...)".</ref> | Ilmina<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilmin<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilm<ref name="Ilma"/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung (fluuium Lade) stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (...)".</ref> | | ''Leda'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Neuburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Lauter hieß am Unterlauf in keltisch-römischer Zeit Murga (...)".</ref> | Lutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lauter'' seu ''Wieslauter'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tribula (Penus)|Tribula Peni]]<ref name="Tribula">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Trebel, Fluß, unterhalb Demmin in die Peene, 1285 aqva, que Tribula dicitur, 1292 supra Treble, 1298 fluvius Trebele (...)".</ref> | Treble<ref name="Tribula"/> | ''Trebel'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Kambeloch]]<ref name="Kambeloch">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Kammel''', Fluss links zur Mindel (z.Donau), ON. Kammlach (Lkr. Unterallgäu), 1243 ''Kambeloch'', < FlN. (kelt.) *''Kambal''- (+ ahd. -''aha'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Kammel'' seu ''Kammlach'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesura]]<ref name="Lesura">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieser_(Mosel)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Baches ist keltischen Ursprungs.[4] Die früheste Erwähnung der Lieser als ''Lesura'' findet sich in dem um 371 entstandenen Gedicht Mosella von Ausonius.[5] In Vers 365 steht: „Praetereo exilem Lesuram“ (die armselige Lieser übergehe ich).[6] In einem Testament aus dem Dezember 634 wird von Weingütern an der Lieser berichtet, die der Eigentümer besitzt: „Vineas ad Lesuram … quas possedi“.[7] Seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert wandelt sich das e im Flussnamen ''Lesura'' zu ''i'' oder y, wobei auch der Name Lisera vorkommt. Der heutige Name ''Lieser'' ist erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1357 beleg (...)".</ref> | Lisera | ''Lieser'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeetzel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird um das Jahr 1014 als Jesne erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Jeetzel'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Treya]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Treene'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Roter Main'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Soeste]] | | ''Soeste'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Jümme (flumen)|Jümme]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Waharna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Werre'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Abens'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | | ''Böhme'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesa]]<ref name="Vesa">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=ELmR13uk8BwC&pg=PA1792&lpg=PA1792&dq=Vesdre+%22Vesa%22&source=bl&ots=dWgI2GF9n1&sig=ACfU3U3Fu4SstiopCZsYdLFXxKIkWlO_Qg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvcSP-rWHAxX3RPEDHdwiBGY4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=Vesdre%20%22Vesa%22&f=false ''Dictionnaire Géographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Entièrement Nouveau, Volume 2''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''VESDRE''', lat. ''Vesa'', riv. d'Europe affl. dr. de l'Ourte à Chênée (...)".</ref> | | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Urta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | | ''Agger'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sura (Rhenus)|Sura Rheni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Inferior]]<ref name="ArgInf">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "inferior-ius". </ref> | | ''Untere Argen'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Der Fluss wird 839 erstmals als ''ad Argunam'' schriftlich erwähnt. Er bedeutete ursprünglich 'hell, glänzend, (blitz)schnell' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haidenaab]] | | ''Haidenaab'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder">Vide [https://geschichtsvereinhoechst.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hoechster-Geschichtsverein-Geschichtshefte-1978-heft-30-31-kurmainische-schloss-zu-hoechst-am-main.pdf ''Das kurmainzische Schloß zu Höchst am Main''], ubi dicitur "(...) Moenus fluvius, Nidder fluvius (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidder'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sinn'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Sala (Moeni)|Sala Moeni]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 772 als „Wetteraha“ erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.[5] Weitere Namensformen sind „Weteraha“, „Wettera“, „Wetera“ und „Weter“ (...)".</ref> | Wettera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Wetera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Weter<ref name="Weteraha"/> | ''Wetter'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=THpYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%22flumen+Tollense%22&source=bl&ots=CdYxZN4qYZ&sig=ACfU3U3_0MiH2yDFIhsR5LpriED48tJvfw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsgNbVl7aHAxXJYPEDHUnIA9cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Tollense%22&f=false ''Georgii Tertii ... Regis Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, Hiberniae defensoris''], ubi dicitur "(...) quorum illos LAacus et flumen Tollense Stargardiae et Pomeraniae exteriori vindicant (...)".</ref> | | ''Tollense'' | align="right" | 68 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flöha]] | | ''Flöha'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197301_01/_naa002197301_01_0003.php ''Naamkunde. Jaargang 5''] ubi dicitur "(...) De '''Haune''', rechterbijrivier van de Fulda te Bad Hersfeld (Land Hessen, Reg.-Bez. Kassel, Landkr. en AG Hersfeld): 747 (onecht stuk, waarschijnlijk van 822-24; hs. kort na het midden der XIIe e.) ''in australem Hûnam ... in Hunam'', 789 (k. kort na het midden der XIIe e. van k. 828) ''fluvii, quae vocatur Huna''(40); ...; 980 (or.) ''in fluvium Huna vocatum ... in Hunaha, de Hunaha''(41). (...)".</ref> | Hunaha | ''Haune'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Labere]]<ref name="Labere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde der Fluss etwa um 1150 als Labere (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarze Laber'' seu ''Schwarze Laaber'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | | ''Schwarzer Schöps'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werse#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der älteste urkundliche Beleg des Namens der Werse stammt aus dem Jahr 1189 als ''Werse'', und aus dem Jahr 1279 stammt die Form ''de Wersa''. Für das Jahr 1316 erscheint in Lateinisch der Eintrag ''molendino dicto Wersa'', also ein Mühlort, beziehungsweise eine Wassermühle die (an der) Werse genannt wird (...)".</ref> | Wersa<ref name="Werse"/> | ''Werse'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Löcknitz]] | | ''Löcknitz'' | align="right" | 66 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bilena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Billena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bille'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Baunach|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad Bunaha ubi ecclesia edificata erat (...)".</ref> | | ''Baunach'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilsus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilz'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara parva|Lapara Parva]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Kleine Laber'' seu ''Kleine Laaber'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nuthe|Nuthe Habalae]]<ref name="Nuthe">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Y-VGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497&lpg=PA497&dq=%22fluvius+nuthe%22&source=bl&ots=ew4OufOUqY&sig=ACfU3U1NZgQzw_R5Ctg_Z4y-xjPnhODopA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje1uS7p7aHAxWFQvEDHTzqD6sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22fluvius%20nuthe%22&f=false ''Cornelii Taciti opera quae supersunt''], ubi dicitur "(...) Nuithones, populus Germaniae in comitatu Marchiae Mediae, ubi fluvius ''Nuthe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Möhne]] | | ''Möhne'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nister (flumen)|Nister]]<ref name="Nister">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII HISTORIA UNIVERSALIS BREVITER AC PERSPICVE EXPOSITA IN ANTIQUAM, ET MEDII AEV AC NOVAM DIVISA, CUM NOTIS PERPETVIS EDITIO XI. AD NOSTRA USQUE TEMPORA CONTINVATA ET SUMMARIIS AUCTA], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cochin vocatur castellum ad fluvium Nister, quod pacificatione post hanc victoriam Walachorum principi a Polonis restitutum fuit'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nister'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=bqhMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP12&lpg=PP12&dq=amnis+,+Rezat+feu+Redniz+,+olim+Radiantia+dictus&source=bl&ots=CXb6OXVZC-&sig=ACfU3U0rrGccL2eu9TSN4x0nIlOWdLfgUA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPxaDRwraHAxVdVPEDHcn8C2wQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=amnis%20%2C%20Rezat%20feu%20Redniz%20%2C%20olim%20Radiantia%20dictus&f=false ''Natalem vicesimum septimum serenissimae principis ac dominae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rezat seu Redniz, olim Radiantia dictus (...)". Quamquam, secundum hunc librum, nomina "Radiantia" et "Rezat" et "Redniz" synonyma olim erant, eligitur "Rezat" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Fränkische Rezat'' nuncupato; nomen "Radiantia" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Regnitz'' nuncupato; nomen "Redniz" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Rednitz'' nuncupato. Flumini hodie Theodisce ''Schwäbische Rezat'' nuncupato, eligitur nomen "Radentia", secundum articulum de hoc flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 793 wurde der Fluss erstmals als „Radentia“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Rezat'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salica (flumen)|Salica]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Selke'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wenkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wenkbach'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Par-Allna]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus">Vide [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alz,''' f ''Alzus, i, m'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alezussa, ae, f'' [ORB p.59]; ''Alzissa, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alszista, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alasa, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alaza, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.61]; ''Alza, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Acha, ae, f'' [ORB p.53]; ''Achsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.53]; ''Achza, ae, f'' [ORB p.53] {flumen Germanicum, quod in Aeno influit} (...)".</ref> | Alezussa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alzissa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alszista,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alasa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alaza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Acha,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achza<ref name="Alzus"/> | ''Alz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | | ''Selz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salmona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Salma<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Salm'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fils'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wern#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Den Namen schrieb man im 8. Jahrhundert ''Werma'' und um das Jahr 1015 ''Werina'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wern'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ambra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emmer'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Escheda]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Esta<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Este'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milnitz]]<ref name="Milnitz">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 ''Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Mildenitz, Nebenfluß der Warnow, 1237 die bach Milnitz, 1256 usque Milnitz fluuium, 1272 aqua Mildenizce (...)".</ref> | Mildenizce | ''Mildenitz'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ursene<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Örtze'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Scuzina]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schussen'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=JusDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA690&lpg=PA690&dq=%22Zwentina%22+Schwentine&source=bl&ots=NShweEDAaE&sig=ACfU3U1QJPxuSMkZU_e946z20Z2AyCu0Cg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieo7P51LaHAxXW1QIHHRflAKkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Zwentine%22%20&f=false ''Urkundensammlung der Schledswig-holstein-lauenburgischen ..., Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) Cujus termini sunt in aquilonari parte a Zwentine usque ad Lapides (...) situm in Zwentina fluvio prope clautrum (...)".</ref> | Zwentina<ref name="Zwentine"/><ref name="Zwentina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwentine#Historisches hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch Namensformen wie Zwentina, Zuentina, Suentana sind historisch belegt (...)".</ref> seu Zuentina<ref name="Zwentina"/> seu Suentana<ref name="Zwentina"/> | ''Schwentine'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Parvus Ploenensis]]<ref name="LPP">Fingitur huius lacūs nomen (Theodisce ''Kleiner Plöner See'') adiacenti ex urbe [[Ploena|Ploenā]]. Latino de huius urbis nomine, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine"/> |- | [[Nemesa]]<ref name="Nemesa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nims#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nims wird bereits in römischer Zeit vom Dichter Decim(i)us Magnus Ausonius in seinem Werk "Mosella" als ''Nemesa'' erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nims'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plana (Habala)|Plana]]<ref name="Plana">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Praecipua pars 1, Volumen 8. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Plane'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Ohm'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Arda<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Aar'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kraichbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kraichbach'' seu ''Kraich'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Locha (flumen Germanicum)|Locha]]<ref name="Locha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauchert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Nennungen des 13. Jh. heißt der Fluss ''Locha'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Locha2">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische02staagoog/wirtembergische02staagoog_djvu.txt ''Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch; herausgegeben von dem Königlichen staatsarchiv in Stuttgart''], ubi dicitur "(...) qui ex arce nostra Altenburg ad flumen, quod Locha dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauchert'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nebel ist 1189 als ''Nebula'' ersturkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nebel'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Z2oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=%22Pfinz%22+fluvius&source=bl&ots=ivgR20gcuE&sig=ACfU3U0GvdH1J3wBfLY8Wl4IQyDP8hsMsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn4OGb7LaHAxWlR_EDHQmmDRAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Pfinz%22%20fluvius&f=false ''Geographia pagorum vetustae Germaniae cisrhenanorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) PHUNZIN fl. (h. ''Pfin'') a quo pagellus nomen traxit, oritur non longe a Portâ Hercininiae (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfinz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Polseniz (flumen)|Polseniz]]<ref name="Polseniz">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://hov.isgv.de/Pulsnitz Historisches Ortsverzeichnis von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) 1225: Heinricus de Polseniz plebanus, Bernardus de Polseniz (CDS II 7 KAM Nr. 1) 1255: Polsnicz 1272: Polsenycz (...)"</ref> | Polsnicz<ref name="Polseniz"/> seu Polsenycz<ref name="Polseniz"/> | ''Pulsnitz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=FwLmPwST_TIC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22Speyerbach%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=MMu5IpjCnq&sig=ACfU3U1UUwmNCx1XsPxoC3xBNCcwKc0JDA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigoozG6LaHAxUpR_EDHZYBDiUQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Speyerbach%22%20flumen&f=false ''Der Kaiser-Dom zu Speyer: eine topographisch-historische Monographie, Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) inde autem ad flumen Spira (Speyerbach) dictum (...)".</ref> | | ''Speyerbach'' seu ''Speyer'' seu ''Speierbach'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Alisontia (Mosella)|Alisontia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Elzbach'' seu ''Elz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Aliso<ref name=Gr/> | ''Alme'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fuhne'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nitasa]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Rekinzi<ref name="Rekinzi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnitz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist erstmals in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1160 als „Rekinzi“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | ''Regnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weschnitz#Flussname hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auf die Weschnitz wird mit Wiscoz, Wisgots[4] oder ähnlichen Schreibweisen in zahlreichen Urkunden des Lorscher Codex als Referenz für die Lage des Klosters Lorsch Bezug genommen. Auch in anderen lateinischen Publikationen erscheint dieser Name.[5] (...)".</ref> | Wisgots | ''Weschnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe">Vide [https://www.sorabicon.de/kulturlexikon/artikel/prov_urb_tjk_d3b/ ''Gewässernamen''], ubi dicitur "(...) danach benannt ist das ''Löbauer Wasser'', das aber 1228/1241 ''Lubotna'' hieß, 1268 ''flumen Lubetowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Löbauer Wasser'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Luya|Luya Ilmenae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta">Vide [https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/lc-de-en-liste2.html ''Liber...censualium: Digitale Edition - Nachträge und Einbindungen fol. 39 - 43v''], ubi dicitur "(...) Haienperch totum in circuito inde inter flumina Manachfialta et Slieraha usque ad Hesilintal (...) (...) ''Manachfialta'': TF Mangfall (...) de Hesilintal sursum iuxta Slieraha usque ad Rotenpach inde usque ad cacumen Citolfesecca inde usque ad medietatem Manachvalte. inde iusum iuxta Manachvalta usque ad Hesilental (...) ''Manachvalta'': TF Mangfall (...)".</ref> | Manachvalta<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | ''Mangfall'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N - Z''].</ref> | | ''Parthe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | Scontra<ref name=Gr/> seu Scuntra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Schunter'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secunda Alestra]]<ref name="Secunda Alestra">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Kleine+Elster Monumenta Egrana I], ubi dicitur "(...) die secunda Alestra sicher gleich mit der Elstra minor (der kleinen Elster) einer nicht viel späteren Urkunde (...)".</ref> | Elstra Minor<ref name="Secunda Alestra"/> | ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stibarna]]<ref name="Stibarna">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog_djvu.txt ''Gründungsgeschichte der stifter, pfarrkirchen, klöster und kapellen im bereiche des alten bisthums Münster, mit ausschluss des ehemaligen friesischen theils''], ubi dicitur "(...) Sülfen Tiegt naͤmlich unweit des Steverfluffes (Stibarna, Stivarna, Stiburna) (...) h „iuxta Stibarna“ bezeichnet wird (...)".</ref> | Stivarna<ref name="Stibarna"/> seu Stiburna<ref name="Stibarna"/> | ''Stever'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tannbacum (Sala)|Tannbacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Tannbach'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen e Latino homonymi oppiduli nomine, secundum [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ulricua judex de Wundreb (...)".</ref> | | ''Wondreb'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Darmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Darmbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | Leyn<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lein'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Burgdorfiense]]<ref name="Owe Burgd.">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Burgdorfiense". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Burgdorfiensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Burgdorfiense<ref name="Owe Burgd."/> | ''Burgdorfer Aue'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rench#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rench wurde 1291 erwähnt als ''rivus Reineche'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Rench'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Simmerbach]]<ref name="Simmerbach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=wBQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22rivus+Simmerbach%22&source=bl&ots=cYl1hMp3vI&sig=ACfU3U1uPmMXEYefVbUd15wXK5KAd9wPJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmufD1vbmHAxWlBNsEHc5MBDEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22rivus%20Simmerbach%22&f=false ''De Tauni montis parte Transrhenana''], ubi dicitur "(...) propagatum rivus Simmerbach transit (...)".</ref> | | ''Simmerbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulster (flumen)|Ulster]] | | ''Ulster'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vurmicus|Vurmicus Rurae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vurmnis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wurm'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Wyda|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Weida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weitaha<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Wida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weyda<ref name="Wyda"/> | ''Weida'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Alpha (Isala Vetus)|Alpha Isalae Veteris]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Bocholter Aa'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alstra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Halstera<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Affalstria<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alster'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ebera]]<ref name="Ebera">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091120/http://ebersberger-historie.de/assets/jb_2_web.pdf Weitere Eber-Namen in Deutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Reiche Ebrach (l. zur Regnitz, 1069 Ebera) (...)".</ref> | |''Reiche Ebrach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla">Vide [https://collections.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/HisBest_cbu_00084275 ''Collections@Urmel''], ubi dicitur "(...) 979 in fluvio quodam Hursilla vocat qui fluit in Lupinzgovve (...) 1014 de capella ad Hûrselen (...)".</ref> | Hurselen | ''Hörsel'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Ruma (flumen)|Ruma]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schuttera]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Swartza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Swarza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Dill'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guntia (flumen)|Guntia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Gontia<ref name="Gontia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird in der Antike schon im 2./3. Jahrhundert inschriftlich erwähnt (Gontiae sacr(um)). (...)".</ref> | ''Günz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Horone]]<ref name="Horone">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Schwarzbach)#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ancienne mention : ''Hornsbach¹'' (1150). D'après l'aha, « ''zuo deru hoawinum bacha'' ». Une deuxième Horn, appelée maintenant Breidenbach, a formé les localités d'Althorn et Neuhorn qui s'écrivent en 783 « ''in marca Horone''¹ ». (...)".</ref> | Hornsbach<ref name="Horone"/> | ''Horn'' seu ''Hornsbach'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlinge (flumen)|Schlinge]] | | ''Schlinge'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Bielheimerbeek]] | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese">Vide [https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bhl-001%3A1913%3A22%3A%3A276 ''Über das Vorkommen von Teesdalia und Subularia in der Schweiz''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad flumen Wiese (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiese'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisinta]]<ref name="Wisinta">Vide [https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuoft/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater&q=wisinta https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuof]</ref> | Wisenta<ref name="Wisenta">Vide [https://www.bergfex.de/sommer/thueringen/touren/wanderung/1008459,wandern-um-die-talsperre-loessau/ ''Wandern um die Talsperre Lössau''], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1071 wird das Flüsschen erstmals erwähnt, das Gebiet, das sie durchfließt wird als „terra Wisenta“ = Wisentaland bezeichnet (...).</ref> | ''Wisenta'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Woblitz]] | | ''Woblitz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Acher]] | | ''Acher'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Inda (flumen)|Inda]]<ref name="Inda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Name der Inde ist als ''Inda'' zuerst belegt für die Zeit der Jahre 496 bis 506 n. Chr. in einer Handschrift des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, welche ihrerseits eine aus dem 7./8. Jahrhundert stammende Kopie der ''Cosmographia'' (4, 24) des Geographen von Ravenna kopiert. Der Ortsname der Klostergründung der Reichsabtei Kornelimünster im frühen 9. Jahrhundert, der zuerst ebenfalls kurz ''Inda'' lautete, erscheint bis 855 als ''Sancti Corneli ad Indam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Inde'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Köhntop]] | | ''Köhntop'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rot<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rott<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rote<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Rot'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Truna (Alzus|Truna Alzensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Traun'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Würm'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza">Vide [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/alisantia-alisontia-elsenz-16628.htm Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique], ubi dicitur "(...) Nom antique de l'Elsenz, rivière affluente du Neckar (...). Cet hydronyme apparaît ensuite sous les formes ''Elisinza fluvius, sursum Elizinza'' et ''Elisenza'' dans un Acte du roi Otton III, daté du 1^er janvier 988 (...).</ref> | Elizinza<ref name="Elisinza"/> seu Elisenza<ref name="Elisinza"/> | ''Elsenz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ferum Bistrice]]<ref name="Ferum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "ferum" (Theodisce ''Wilde'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Ferum Buistrizi<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Februm Wisteritz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Ferum Wistricz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> | ''Wilde Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rodach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | | ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzach (Alcmana)|Schwarzach Alcmanae]] | | ''Schwarzach'' seu ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steinbacum (Herbipolis)|Steinbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinbach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Linzgauviense]]<ref name="Lizgauviense">Gentilicium "Linzgauviense" ad Linzgauvia refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzgau#Mittelalter eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in pago Linzgauvia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Linzer Aach'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | | ''Alf'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', < (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).</ref> | | ''Brenz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)". Quo ex vico, fingitur Latinum huius fluminis nomen.</ref> | | ''Murr'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesse (Hursilla)|Nesse Hursillae]] | | ''Nesse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Queicha]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> | Queich<ref name="Queich">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=1ikVoFz9F-MC&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=%22Queich%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=dVXN9_IKSb&sig=ACfU3U3lXPV-apGeopoOVaDcEsxRaPxROw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz9LzMuruHAxWXcaQEHbD9DMoQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Queich%22%20flumen&f=false ''Atlas novus exhibens orbem terraqueum per naturae (...)''], ubi dicitur "(...) LANDAW ''Landavia'' V. satis ampla & nunc egregiè ''munita'' olim ''Imperialis,'' ad Flumen ''Queich'' (...).</ref> | ''Queich'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rognitzium (flumen)|Rognitzium]]<ref name="Chytraeus 1593">Chytraeus, D. (1593). ''Chronicon Saxoniae et vicinarum aliquot gentium: ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad 1593''. Impensis haeredum Iacobi Lucii.</ref> | | ''Rögnitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Rota Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' seu ''Roth am Sand'' seu ''Roth bei Nürnberg'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Snudra]]<ref name="Snudra">Vide [https://www.philol.uni-leipzig.de/fileadmin/Fakult%C3%A4t_Philo/Namenberatungsstelle/NBS_Webseite/Onomastica_Lipsiensia_Band07_Alt-Leipzig_und_das_Leipziger_Land_2010.pdf ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Schnauder''', die, r → Weißen Elster sö. Groitzsch. 1104 ''infra Wiram et Snudram'', (...).</ref> | | ''Schnauder'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welse (Viadrus)|Welse Viadri]] | | ''Welse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chambe]]<ref name="Chambe">Vide [https://www.ffw-hof.de/chronik/entstehung-der-ortschaft-hof.html ''Entstehung der Ortschaft Hof''], ubi dicitur "(...) “Cella ad Chambe super regnum flumen“ (Klösterlein bei Chamb am Regenfluss) (...)".</ref> | | ''Chamb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eltingmuhlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eltingmühlenbach'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Gaspenza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Gersprenz'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinckalta]]<ref name="Sinckalta">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=8d5lAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=flumen+%22Singold%22&source=bl&ots=qEiD_QX4Mw&sig=ACfU3U1wTsemX_SdGib3RWUmMUyhhHHpqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS3-qvnb6HAxXkVfEDHXWxB40Q6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=flumen%20%22Singold%22&f=false ''Jahrs-Bericht des historischen Vereins im Oberdonau-Kreise''], ubi dicitur "(...) Inde ad flumen ''Sinckalta'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Singold'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alasenza (flumen)|Alasenza]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alisinza<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alsenz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Superior]]<ref name="ArgSup">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "superior-ius". </ref> | | ''Obere Argen'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwarzbachs, l.z. Blies (z. Saar z. Mosel z. Rhein). – 1180 Burchalben, (...)" et [https://books.google.es/books?id=I-9aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=Burchalben&source=bl&ots=vXYbdT7nPZ&sig=ACfU3U2vjL9nMi7VLCnfIdvQe0tDfpo3tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPv6n0x76HAxUMVKQEHVe7F04Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Burchalben&f=false ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae et...''], ubi dicitur "(...) in confinio ''Vosagi'' situm, rivulis scilicet: ''Hermanesbach, Mosalben, & Burchalben'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Burgalb'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clana (Ambra)|Clana Ambrae]]<ref name="Clana Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihren Namen hat der Fluss aus dem keltischen: „Glanos“, das heißt rein und glänzend, oder „glana“, was so viel wie die „Reine, Heilige“ bedeutet. Die Römer haben diesen Namen übernommen. In Urkunden um das Jahr 770 wurde der Fluss mit „Clana“ bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Delvunda]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Delvenau'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Deya]]<ref name="Deya">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyach_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch in älteren Berichten findet sich die Bezeichnung „Deya“, so in der Topographia Sueviae von Matthäus Merian von 1643/1656 (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hisne]]<ref name="Hisne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird die Ise im Jahr 786 (''in ortum Hisne'') urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ise'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hollerbacum (Morre)|Hollerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hollerbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mosacus (Isara)|Mosacus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mosa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Moosach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling"/> | Mimilingum<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelinga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimininga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelingen<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Minimingaha<ref name="Mümling"/> | ''Mümling'' seu ''Mömling'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | | ''Nethe'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nieplitz]] | | ''Nieplitz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nuthe]]<ref name="Nuthe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riousiaoua#Etymologisches "Riousiaoua"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Albrecht Greule setzt den Namen mit dem Flussnamen Riß gleich, der in den ältesten Erwähnungen als ''Riussaiam'' (anno 1293) erscheint. (...)".</ref> | | ''Riß'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha (Rhenus)|Salzaha Rheni]]<ref name="Saalbach Salzaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalbach_(Rhein)#Namen_und_Definitionen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Lorscher Codex wird das Gewässer 769 ''fluvius Salzaha'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalbach'' seu ''Salbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa">Vide [http://www.lateinboard.de/topic,4345,-uebersetzung-von-latein-in-deutsch-einer-schenkungsurkunde-vo.html ''Übersetzung von latein in deutsch einer Schenkungsurkunde vo''], ubi dicitur "(...) usque ad locum ubi Urdefa (der Fluss Urft; derVerfasser) cadit (...)".</ref> | | ''Urft'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursna]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Orsna<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ahse'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Volme]] | | ''Volme'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zenna (flumen)|Zenna]]<ref name="Zenna">Nomen homonymo ex oppidulo apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de Bavarikon].</ref> | | ''Zenn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Ersene]]<ref name="Ersene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aue_und_Erse#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Erse wird 1335 zum ersten Mal schriftlich genannt (''in fluvio Ersene'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Aue'' seu ''Erse'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Fuhse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erubris]]<ref name="Erubris">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwer articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Ruwer''' (lat.: ''Erubris, Rubora'') (...)".</ref> | Rubora<ref name="Erubris"/> | ''Ruwer'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | | ''Gennach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hamma (flumen)|Hamma]]<ref name="Hamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1331 (a flumine Hamma) erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hamme'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/book/1244?lpage=84&search=mohelnice Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae], ubi dicitur "(...) Fortasse Žadlovice apud Loštice, a Mohelnice (Müglitz) meridiem versus (...)".</ref> | Müglitz<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | ''Müglitz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sülz (flumen)|Sülz]] | | ''Sülz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Uchte]] | |''Uchte'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alend]]<ref name="Alend"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ussbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Üßbach'' seu ''Ueßbach'' seu ''Üssbach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChler_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Bühler wird 1024 als ''Bilerna'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bühler'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreisam#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen sind von 864 (''Dreisima'') und 1008 (''Treisama'') (...)".</ref> | Treisama<ref name="Dreisima"/> |''Dreisam'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gugelitz]]<ref name="Gugelitz">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4glitz_(Prignitz)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt aus dem Jahr 1259 (''aquam … Gugelitz'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Jäglitz'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Karthana]]<ref name="Karthana">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthane#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahr 1274 (''supra karthanam'') (...)".</ref> | |''Karthane'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma">Vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur "(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)".</ref> | |''Rhume'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Striegis Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Herkunft: (über Stregus, Striguz (...)".</ref> | Striguz<ref name="Stregus"/> |''Große Striegis'' seu ''Striegis'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach|Eberbach Radiantiae]]<ref name="Eberbach">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | |''Rauhe Ebrach'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gliniza]]<ref name="Gliniza">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=43a98bb4673fd18f&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWIIODv_ebdbY2kK1Pfejy7VR1TeitQ:1726352083389&q=%22Glinizam%22+Glems&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib8b_VusOIAxWBQPEDHRUMCUoQ5t4CegQIGxAB&biw=1280&bih=587&dpr=1.5 hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) usque in Glinizam locum,. 1172 (Kopie 19. Jh ... Glems, die r.z. Enz (z. Neckar z. Rhein) ... der Glems, GauN. 769 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Glemisgouwe (...)".</ref> | | ''Glems'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holtemna]]<ref name="Holtemna">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtemme#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den mittelalterlichen Urkunden wurde der Fluss ''Holtemna'' (ca. 1050, 1184), ''Holtempna'' (ca. 1150, 1230, 1241, 1277), ''Holtemne'' (1373, 1378) (...)".</ref> | Holtempna<ref name="Holtemna"/> seu Holtemne<ref name="Holtemna"/> |''Holtemme'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdendis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)"; cui autem adiectivo, confer [https://archive.org/stream/aeltereuniversi00friegoog/aeltereuniversi00friegoog_djvu.txt Aeltere universitäts matrikeln], ubi dicitur "(...) Martinas Sacreiz Hoyerswerdensis Lasatas (...)".</ref> | |''Hoyerswerdaer Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Villa (flumen)|Villa]]<ref name="Villa">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_(Lahn)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Weil ist wahrscheinlich vom lateinischen Wort ''villa'' (= Dorf) abgeleite (...)".</ref> | |''Weil'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Steinfurtensis]]<ref name="Aa Stein">Fingitur hoc nomen ex nomine fluminum Westphaliensium "Aa" apud {{Lexicon Universale}} et ex adiectivo derivato a toponymo "Steinfurtum" apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Steinfurter Aa'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Brienna (flumen)|Brienna]]<ref name="Brienna">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Prien''' am Chiemsee (Lkr. Rosenheim), Flussname ca.1130-ca.1150 ''iuxta Briennam riuolum'' < kelt. *''Brigesnā'' ‘Bergbach’. (...)".</ref> | |''Prien'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenne#Geschichte_und_Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name „Haustenbach“ findet sich bereits als ''Hassenbeck flu.'' auf einer um 1620 entstandenen Karte des Kartographen Johannes Gigas (...)".</ref> | | ''Glenne'' seu ''Haustenbach'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pregin]]<ref name="Pregin">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breg#Namensherkunft articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Breg wurde erstmals 1152/86 in einer lateinischen Quelle (''apud pregin'' „bei der Breg“) erwähnt, 1234 dann als „Brega“ (...)".</ref> | Brega<ref name="Pregin"/> | ''Breg'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigach#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird 1084 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''ab fontibus Brichena'') (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Radantia<ref name="Radantia">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednitz#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In schriftlichen Quellen erschien der Fluss erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert mit der lateinischen Bezeichnung ''Radantia''. Im 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Name des Flusses als ''Ratenza'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> seu Ratenza<ref name="Radantia"/> |''Rednitz'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sualmus]]<ref name="Sualmus">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406062517/https://s852e6eb4f35541c9.jimcontent.com/ Nederlandse waternamen deel 1], ubi dicitur "(...) De Limburgse ''Zwalm'' is een zijrivier van de Mass, (...) welk dorp reeds in de 12de eeuw vermeld wordt als ''de Sualmo'' (...) a. 1238 als ''Salmen'' (...)".</ref> | Sualmum<ref name="Sualmus"/> seu Salmen<ref name="Sualmus"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Quellen der westfälischen geschichte], ubi dicitur "(...) Ante portam in ipso flumine Bigge (...)".</ref> | | ''Bigge'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bröl]] | | ''Bröl'' seu ''Brölbach'' seu ''Homburgische Bröl'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Delme (flumen)|Delme]] | | ''Delme'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hurwinaffa]]<ref name="Horloff">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Horloff leitet sich von althd. mit der Bedeutung horawin = sumpfig her. Weitere Namensformen sind „Hurwinaffa“ im 8. Jahrhundert und „Hurlyphe“ (1263).[4] Der Bestandteil -off gehört zur -apa-Namensgruppe. Alternative Etymologien gehen aufgrund der Nennungen wie „Hurnufa“ (951) oder „Hornipha“ (1183) (...)".</ref> | Hurlyphe,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hurnufa,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hornipha<ref name="Horloff"/> | ''Horloff'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kirnitzsch]] | | ''Kirnitzsch'' seu ''Kirnischt'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Malxe]] | | ''Malxe'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ach (Ambra)|Ach Ambrae]] | | ''Ach'' seu ''Bärenbach'' seu ''Gitzenbach'' seu ''Glötzenbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus Altus)|Alba Altorhenana]]<ref name="Alba Altorhenana">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Albā Rheni Superioris. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' seu ''Hauensteiner Alb'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bega (Wachna)|Bega]] | | ''Bega'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fossa Nigra (Albis)|Fossa Nigra Albis]]<ref name="Fossa Nigra Albis">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarzer Graben'' seu ''Schwarzer Bach'' seu ''Weinske'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Holzbacum (Wida)|Holzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Holzbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lapara alba|Lapara Alba]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Weiße Laber'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossa_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lossa'' wird 1140 als ''Laz'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Im Mittelhochdeutschen bedeutet ''laz'' 'lasch, trage'. Der Name ist daher als „das träge Gewässer“ zu deute (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lazses<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Lazs<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Laze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lossa'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mutdaha|Můtdaha]]<ref name="Mutdaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird die Modua 804 („iuxta fluvium Můtdaha“) (...)".</ref> | Modua<ref name="Mutdaha"/> | ''Modau'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotton]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotonus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotonum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotono<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rothemun<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu | ''Rottum'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Salzaha)|Sura Salzahae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sur'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wiza]]<ref name="Wiza">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Wiesbach''-> Nahe (XII^e siècle ''Wiza'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa (Monasterium)|Aa Monasteriensis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Münstersche Aa'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilisina]]<ref name="Ilisina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_(Oker)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird der Fluss im Jahr 1108 (Ilisina) urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilse'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lune (Visurgis)|Lune]] | | ''Lune'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Indistrae]]<ref name="Netha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Primma]]<ref name="Primma">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Pfrimm, die l.z. Rhein (...) super fluvium Primma (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfrimm'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...)".</ref> | Starzell Niceri<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zuist]]<ref name="Zuist">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Swist Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Zuist (Anno 1180), Scuyst (Anno 1223), Zuist (Anno 1283), Zvist (...)".</ref> | Scuyst<ref name="Zuist"/> seu Zvist<ref name="Zuist"/> | ''Swist'' seu ''Swistbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Tollense)|Augraben Tollensense]]<ref name="Augraben Tollensense">Vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Cocherae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Brettach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ennepe]]<ref name="Ennepe">Vide [https://www.gevelsberg.de/media/custom/3061_1280_1.PDF?1571846512 Gevelsberger Geschichte(n)], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta flumen quod Ennepe dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Ennepe'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Volme]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fedarhaun (Alba)|Fedarhaun Albae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Federbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feldaha (Weraha)|Feldaha]]<ref name="Feldaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felda_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Erstbeleg im Jahr 786 wird der Fluss ''Feldaha'' genanntt (...)".</ref> | | ''Felda'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]]<ref name="Geeste">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)".</ref> | | ''Geeste'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klosterbacum (Othmunda)|Klosterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Klosterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linde (Tollense)|Linde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Linne<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Linde'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Danubius)|Lutra Danubii]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Große Lauter'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Naba Pinifera]]<ref name="Naba Pinifera">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Fichtel-'' -ad [[Montes Piniferi|Montes Piniferos]] (Theodisce ''Fichtelgebirge''), secundum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelnaab#Name articulum hoc de flumini apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], referente-.</ref> | | ''Fichtelnaab'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Piparodi]]<ref name="Piparodi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 810 („duo flumina … Piparodi“) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das altbairische ''Pipar-odi'' bedeutet „Einöde, in der sich Biber aufhalten“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Bibert'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sevina]]<ref name="Sevina">Vide [https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/36682 FOLIA ONOMASTICA CROATICA 12–13 (2003–2004)], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Seeve'' bei Hamburg, 1202 ''Sevinam'', 1203 ''vsque Seuinam'', 13. Jh. ''per Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | Sevena<ref name="Sevina"/> |''Seeve'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Streu (Sala Moeni)|Streu]]<ref name="Streu">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streu_(Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Auf einer Landkarte von 1628 trägt der gesamte Flusslauf bis Gemünden den Namen „Straÿ Flu“ (Streu Flumen) (...)".</ref> | Strewe<ref name="Streu"/> seu Strowa<ref name="Streu"/> seu Straÿ<ref name="Streu"/> |''Streu'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Utrana (Michelsbacum)|Utrana]]<ref name="Utrana">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=5f79ce677043d4b2&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWILyBcSCkYpeCCX-0ZFbac7ATwZ9zQ:1726433592791&q=Otterbach+%22Utrana%22&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD_Zqo6sWIAxXQ2gIHHXBaCYsQ5t4CegQIFRAB&biw=1280&bih=546&dpr=1.5 hunc exitum] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Utrana 'Otterbach' (...)".</ref> | | ''Otterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chessel]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Kessel'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elbbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mesna]]<ref name="Mesna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Hydronym ist in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1296 als mesnam erstmals verschriftlicht worden (...)".</ref> | | ''Meiße'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pene (flumen)|Pene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ostpeene'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pinnau]] | | ''Pinnau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulzach]]<ref name="Sulzach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Archiv des Historischen Vereins von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) quidquid ex una parte fluvii Sulzach situm existit de pratis (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulzach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zvatowa]]<ref name="Zuata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwota_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird das Gewässer als ''Zvatowa'' in der Weiheurkunde der Plauener St. Johanniskirche von 1122 erwähnt, darin ist sie Teil der Grenze des zugehörigen Kirchsprengels, des Dobnagaus, und damit gleichzeitig Südgrenze des Bistums Naumburg.[7][8] Ebenso wird die Zwota als ''Zuata'' in den Grenzbeschreibungen des Schönbacher Ländchens von 1181 und 1185 erwähn (...)".</ref> | Zuata<ref name="Zuata"/> | ''Zwota'' seu ''Zwodau'' seu ''Zwotau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Apula (fluvius)|Apula]]<ref name="Apula">Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35900/35900-h/35900-h.htm], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Germany''. Apula, 9th cent. The Appel(bach). (...)".</ref> | | ''Appelbach'' seu ''Appel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aschaha]]<ref name="Aschaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascha_(Schwarzach)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ascha (ursprünglich: Aschaha, dann: Aschach) (...)".</ref> | Aschach<ref name="Aschaha"/> | ''Ascha'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf Attel wurde bereits 806 als ''Atulla'' urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Attel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Biverna (Amisia)|Biverna Amisiae]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Amisiae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach"/> | | ''Brigach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dune (Wippera)|Důne]]<ref name="Dune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%BCnn_(Wupper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name (1295 ''Důne'') leitet sich vom ahd. Wort ''tuni'' für 'Dröhnen, Getöse' ab. Entsprechend war die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'wo das Wasser tost' (...)".</ref> | | ''Dhünn'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ehle]] | | ''Ehle'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eitraha]]<ref name="Eitraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Iller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt erstmals im Jahr 838 als ''Eitraha'' schriftlich in Erscheinung, (...)".</ref> | | ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Erphe]]<ref name="Erphe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg der Erf fand 1234 als Erphe statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Erfa'' seu ''Erf'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gelbach'' seu ''Gelber Bach'' seu ''Gehlbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ltzsch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Gewässers trat erstmals 1122 als „ad aquam Golz“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Göltzsch'' seu ''Göltsch'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsbach_(Lahn,_Limburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen nennen den Fluss ''Hemisa'' (Jahr 795) bzw. ''Emisa'' (805). (...)".</ref> | Emisa<ref name="Hemisa"/> | ''Emsbach'' seu ''Ems'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hessel]] | |''Hessel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mandavia]]<ref name="Mandavia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandau#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Damals gab es auch einen Zittauer Stadtteil Mandow und eine porta Mandauie = Mandau-Pforte (...)".</ref> | |''Mandau'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nissa Lusatianus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Motel (Schilde)|Motel]] | |''Motel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Neffelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Neffelbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Schaale wird in einer Urkunde von 1279 als ''Scalen'' erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | |''Schaale'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | |''Schilde'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stederau]] | | ''Stederau'' seu ''Bokeler Bach'' seu ''Röhrser Bach'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina Dimelensis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Twista Dimelensis">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Twista Dimelensis seu Tuistai Dimelenses seu Tuista Dimelensis seu Twiste Dimelense seu Tuiste Dimelense seu Thuiste Dimelense seu Tuisten Dimelense |''Twiste'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Tussale]]<ref name="Tussale">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1065 wird der Bach als ''Tussale'' (die Brausende, Rauschende, Tosende) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Düssel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wipfra (flumen)|Wipfra]] | |''Wipfra'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wirma|Wirma Ambrae]]<ref name="Wirma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Der Flussname Würm ist erstmals bezeugt als Uuirma im Jahre 772 und später als Wirmiseo ‚Würmsee‘ (910), Vuirama (956/957), Wirmina (1056), (...)".</ref> | Wirama<ref name="Wirma"/> seu Wirmina<ref name="Wirma"/> |''Würm'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zorga<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zorge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Zorge'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Aiterach'' seu ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Andrefa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Antrafa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antrefa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antreffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Antrift'' seu ''Antreff'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eckbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Eckbach'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Neugraben'' seu ''Leininger Graben'' seu ''Eck'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elantia]]<ref name="Elantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die römische Auxiliareinheit „Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium“ beinhaltet die erste belegte Nennung des Namens Elz (...)".</ref> | | ''Elz'' seu ''Elzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ludra,<ref name=Gr/> Luterata,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutraha,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutra<ref name=Gr/> |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittelradde]] | | ''Mittelradde'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuthe (Albis)|Nuthe Albis]] | |''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Bocense]]<ref name="Owe Bocense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Bocensis-e". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Bocensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Bocense<ref name="Owe Bocense"/> |''Bückeburger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Arnefa)|Rotbacum Arnefae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Nöthener Siefen'' seu ''Schliebach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' seu ''Bruchbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Szwartowe]]<ref name="Szwartowe">Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TwOAAAAQAAJ Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis], ubi dicitur "(...) quoque in szwartowe a nobis (...)".</ref><ref name="Szw">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartauhoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des dänischen Königs Waldemar aus dem Jahr 1215 (''szwartowe'') (...)".</ref> | |''Schwartau'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zwönitz (flumen)|Zwönitz]] | |''Zwönitz'' seu ''Zwönitzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aach Stockense]]<ref name="ASto">Gentilicium "Stockense" ad [[Stockach|Stockam]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Stockacher Aach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Angel (flumen)|Angel]] | | ''Angel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | | ''Bobritzsch'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chira (fluvius)|Chira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> | Kira<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |''Hahnenbach'' seu ''Meinbach'' seu ''Altbach'' seu ''Idarbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> | Klingbacus<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> seu Clingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatina. (1775). Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarum et elegantiorum literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Tomus III. Typis Academicis.</ref> seu Klingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775"/> |'' Klingbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ephisa]]<ref name="Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.). (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis''. Theodor Fischer. </ref> | [[Effese]]<ref name="Effese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter wurde die Efze als Effese bezeichne (...)".</ref><ref name="Effese2">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 240 Effese, 1250 ad fluvium … Effese (...)".</ref> |''Efze'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eschach (Nicer)|Eschach Niceri]] | |''Eschach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Glatt'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Großer Dieckfluss]] | |''Großer Dieckfluss'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isina]]<ref name="Isina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbach_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde die Eis in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahre 766, wo sie ''Isina'' heißt (...)".</ref> | |''Eisbach'' seu ''Eis'' seu ''Altbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lachte]] | |''Lachte'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Leimbacum (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbacum Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bruowelense">Gentilicium "Bruowelense" ad oppidum [[Brühl (Badenia)|Bruowele]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Leimbach'' seu ''Bettelbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1486 als die Orcken erstmals schriftlich erwähnt. Die gleichnamigen Orte Nieder- bzw. Oberorke erscheinen in den schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen schon im Jahr 1016 als Orcana. Die Deutung des Namens ist unsicher (...)".</ref> | | ''Orke'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Regana Alba]]<ref name="Regana Alba">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)". Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weißer'' vertit.</ref> | Reganus Albus<ref name="Regana Alba"/> seu Reganum Album<ref name="Regana Alba"/> | ''Weißer Regen'' seu ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Russella|Russella Saravi]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella Saravi<ref name=Gr/> seu Roussella<ref name="Rousella">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossel_(Saar)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ältere Namen des Flusses sind Roussella (1268), Russella, Rusella (1544) (...)".</ref> seu Rusella |''Rossel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sosa (flumen)|Sosa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Söse'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vechne]] | |''Vehne'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe (Lacus Zwischenahnensis)|Owe Zwischenahnense]]<ref name="Owe de Bad Zwischenahn">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivum "Zwischenahnense" homonymum ad lacum [[Bad Zwischenahn|commune Bad Zwischenahn]] attingentem refert.</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ad Lunam]]<ref name="Ad Lunam">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Römerzeit wurde ein Kastell nach dem Fluss benannt („Ad Lunam“) (...)".</ref> | |''Lone'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hurwin]]<ref name="Hürbe">Vide [https://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/bitstream/11682/5853/1/Uni_63.pdf Ortsnamenforschung in Südwestdeutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Hürbe, z. Brenz z. Donau, 1171 ''de Hurwin'' (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_(W%C3%B6rnitz)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet die Eger im Jahr 760 als ''Agira'' (...)".</ref> | |''Eger'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) 218 silva que iuncta est Arle (...)".</ref> | |''Arlau'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Berste]] | |''Berste'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bibara (Danubius)|Bibara]]<ref name="Bibara Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Danubii"/> |''Biber'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | |'' Chemnitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Glotyr]]<ref name="Glotyr">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) n valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)".</ref> | Glotyrus<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotyrum<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotern<ref name="Glotyr"/> | ''Glotter'' seu ''Glotterbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lethe (Hunta)|Lethe]] | | ''Lethe'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuhne]] | |''Nuhne'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Raodhaha|Raodhaha Cocherae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule.</ref> | Rotaha Cocherae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rota<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Fichtenberger Rot'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seemenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Seemenbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Selbitz]] | |''Selbitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Triebisch'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach Cassiliacense]]<ref name="Cassiliacum">Gentilicium "Cassiliacensis-e" ad urbem Cassiliacum refertur. Huic Latino toponymo, vide [articulum huius urbis apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste Besiedlung bereits in der Steinzeit ist durch Funde an der Iller bei Ferthofen belegt.^[7] Erste Baufunde stammen aus der Römerzeit. Vermutlich befand sich dort ein kleiner Wacht- und Siedlungsposten. Hierfür kommen zwei Namen, ''Cassiliacum''^[8] oder ''Viaca'' (...)".</ref> | |''Memminger Ach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Rhenus)|Angere Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Angeren Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angera Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Anger Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angero Rheni<ref name="Angero">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> |''Angerbach'' seu ''Anger'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drahonum]]<ref name="Drahonum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhron#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Nennungen sind: Drahonum (Ende 4. Jh.) Drona (752) Troganus (802) Drogana (949) (...)".</ref> | Drona<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Troganus<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Drogana<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Trogona<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.</ref> |''Dhron'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Isana (Rhenus)|Isana Rhenana]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Isenach'' seu ''Morschbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCder_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 820 (''flumen … luder'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Lüder'' seu ''Lüderbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Meisaha]]<ref name="Meisaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisach_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Maisach, 853 erstmals erwähnt als ''Meisaha'', setzt sich zusammen aus althochdeutsch aha ‚Wasser, Wasserlauf, Fluss (...)".</ref> | |''Maisach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Milize]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Militz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizi<ref name="Milizi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Milz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Alara)|Nigra Aqua Alarae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Alarae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Molendinarius Fredersdorfensis]]<ref name="Mühlenfließ">Theodisca vox ''Mühlenfließ'' in Latinam "Rivulus Molendinarius" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae & Budissae: David Richter.</ref> | | ''Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ'' seu ''Senitz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "rubrum" (Theodisce ''Rote'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Rubrum Buistrizi<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wisteritz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wistricz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> |''Rote Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Vutahe)|Steina Vutahis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Steina'' seu ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Licus)|Vilisa Lici]]<ref name="Vilisa Lici">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Vilisā Danubii. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Vilsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> |''Vils'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | |''Wehre'' seu ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]<ref name="Bardia">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en bavarikon.de], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Bardia fluvius:''' Barthe, Fl. in Deutschland, Mü: Barther Bodden (...)".</ref> | |''Barthe'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Bodden Bardense]] | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]] |- | [[Else]] | | ''Else'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | | ''Glane'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buckau]] | | ''Buckau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hasela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Haselach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Haslach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Haßlach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutaraha]]<ref name="Lutaraha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine erste geschichtliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen „Lutaraha“ fand man aus dem Jahr 853 (...)".</ref> | |''Lauterach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nibalgaunensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Nibalgavia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibalcoge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibulgauva<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibilgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Eschach'' seu ''Niebel'' seu ''Nibel'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Orlah]]<ref name="Orlah">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orla#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1192 als Orlah erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orla'' seu ''Orlah'' seu ''Orlau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Scutura<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sevena (Odera)|Sevena Oderae]]<ref name="Sevena">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Sieber,'' lieu et fleuve de la Harz, 1287 ''inter ... Oderam et Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sieber'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Thuite]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Dhute<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Düte'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wipperau]] | | ''Wipperau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Acarse]]<ref name="Acarse">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919231438/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&langType=reviews&lemmaID=3286 Köbler, Gerhard,as in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte, 2016], ubi dicitur "(...) Axtbach (M.) bzw. Beilerbach-Ems, 11. Jh., bei Beelen bei Warendorf, F1-60 AK (?) Acarse, Acarse Erh. Nr. 917 (um 1030) (...)".</ref> | | ''Axtbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Apphilste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphilstede<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Aphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Appelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Apfelstädt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Auma]] | | ''Auma'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Michelsbacum)|Erlenbacum Michelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eymese]]<ref name="Eymese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ems_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1401 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (''Eymese'') (...)".</ref> | |''Ems'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glatta (Nicer)|Glatta Niceri]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Glatt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Gottleuba-Berggie%C3%9Fh%C3%BCbel#Gottleuba homonymo de oppido apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Gottleuba'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hotepe]]<ref name="Hotepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppecke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Am Erstbeleg des Ortes Hoppecke von 1113 als ''Hotepe'' wird ersichtlich (...)".</ref> | | ''Hoppecke'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Moraha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Můraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Murach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Radegast (Stepenitz)|Radegast]]<ref name="Radegast">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Radegast, Nebenfluß der Stepenitz, 1188, 1202 Radagost, 1255 aqua Radegast, 1258 fluuius Radegost, 1262 Rodogost, 1310 aqua Radagast, (...)".</ref> | Radagost seu Radegost seu Rodogost seu Radagast | ''Radegast'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Roda (Albis)|Roda]] | | ''Roda'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schleuse]] | | ''Schleuse'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schlichem]] | | ''Schlichem'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | |''Usa'' seu ''Us'' seu ''Usbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wara (Amana)|Wara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis (Adrana)|Albis Adranae]]<ref name="Albis Adranae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Elbe'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alina]]<ref name="Alina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellebach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ersterwähnung des Ortes Ellen als ''Alina'' lässt den ursprünglichen Namen erahnen (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellebach'' seu ''Ellbach'' seu ''Elle'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Viadrus" et variationibus et adiectivo "antiquus-a-um". De hydronymo "Viadrus" vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3". Adiectivo "antiquus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | Antiquus Viadus<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Oder<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odagra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odara<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odrita<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Adora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Suevus Flavius<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Oddera<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddore<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | ''Alte Oder'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armissia]]<ref name="Armissia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erms hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die '''Erms''' (lat. ''Armissia'') (...) Der Name der Erms geht zurück auf das römische ''Armis(s)a'' (...)".</ref> | Armisa seu Armissa | ''Erms'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guldenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Guldenbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hache (flumen)|Hache]] | | ''Hache'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.383/html?lang=en De Gruyter], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ochtum, die''' (...) 1158 ''inter Othmundam'' (lies ''Ohtmundam'') ''et Wisaram'', 1171 ''usque in Ohtmundam'' (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Heinbach]]<ref name="Heincbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainbach_(Woogbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluvio Heinbach'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hainbach'' seu ''Heimbach'' seu ''Wooggraben'' seu ''Krebsbächel'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Woogbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Danubius)|Hostrahun Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ostraha<ref name="Ostraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huhnerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hühnerbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nne#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1230 wird der Fluss als ''Hune'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hönne'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Ilme'' wird im Jahr 1322 (''Ilmede'') erstmals schriftlich genann (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilme'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Liuzenaha]]<ref name="Liuzenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitzach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Liuzenaha'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Leitzach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica">Vide [https://pdfcoffee.com/ivo-vukcevic-rex-german-or-um-populos-sclavorum-pdf-free.html Ivo Vukcevic Rex Germanorum populos Sclavorum], ubi dicitur "(...) Lukavica— Longawitzi, 1074 (Loquitz) (...)".</ref> | Longawitzi | ''Loquitz'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lure (flumen)|Lure]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lauer'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "nigrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Schwarze'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Pockau'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nordradde]] | | ''Nordradde'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrn#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 795 als „Oorana fluvius“ erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrn'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | |''Schwäbische Rezat'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tanger (flumen)|Tanger]]<ref name="Tanger">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft_djvu.txt Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon, post editionem Ioh. M. Lappenbergii recognovit Fridericus Kurze"], ubi dicitur "(...) Tanger rivus, qui prope (...)".</ref> | | ''Tanger'' seu ''Vereinigten Tanger'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trebe (Alestra)|Trebe]]<ref name="Trebe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Trieb (Pöhl)#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Waldhufendorf Trieb wurde im Jahr 1441 erstmals urkundlich als „Trebe“ erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Trieb'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Warme]] | |''Warme'' seu ''Warmebach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Alara)|Wietze Alarae]] | |''Wietze'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wila (Agger)|Wila]]<ref name="Wila">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Wiehl#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) 1131 wurde Wiehl unter dem Namen Wila erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiehl'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Bregenze)|Wissaha Bregenzensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha Bregenzensis<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Bregenze]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ablach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ablach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Boninaha]]<ref name="Boninaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Bina wurde im Jahr 790 erstmals als ''Boninaha'' schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bina'' seu ''Binastorfer Mühlbach'' seu ''Gassauer Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kahl'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cruofdero]]<ref name="Cruofdero">Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Heidenkeller%20korrigiert.pdf Kultspuren aus der Zeit der Völkerwanderung im südlichen Taunus?], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Der Bach Kriftel ist auf keiner heutigen Karte mehr zu finden, statt dessen läufter unter den Namen Dattenbach, Goldbach, Schwarzbach von den Taunushöhen'' (...) ''Frühe Namensbelege sind: Cruofdero (1043), Kruftelam und Cruftele (um 1250/60), Krüftel (1355); als zugehörige Ortsnamen sind belegt'' Cruftera (780-802), Crufdera, Cruftere, Cruftero (um 800), Cruftero (890), Acruftele (Okriftel 1103), Cruftelo (1226) (...)".</ref> | Kruftela<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftera<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Crufdera<ref name="Cruofdero"/><ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftere<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Acruftele<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftelo<ref name="Cruofdero"/> |''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Dattenbach'' seu ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dorsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Dörsbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dürnach]] | |''Dürnach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elison]]<ref name="Elison">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seseke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio nennt im Zusammenhang mit den Drusus-Feldzügen (12 bis 8 v. Chr.) einen Fluss namens „Elison“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Seseke'' seu ''Sisecke'' seu ''Sesike'' seu ''Zesik'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iazaha (Sinna)|Iazaha]]<ref name="Iazaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ios<ref name="Iazaha"/> | ''Jossa'' seu ''Joßa'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lerna (flumen)|Lerna]]<ref name="Lerna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''In Lernam'' (786, Fälschung 12. Jh.) ''lerhna'' (um 1320) (...)".</ref> | Lerhna | ''Lehrde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luitra]]<ref name="Luitra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Gernsheim)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Für die Lauter wurden auch die Namen Ziegelbach und Luitra verwendet (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Winkelbach'' seu ''Ziegelbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Melia (flumen)|Melia]]<ref name="Melia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hlin_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''iuxta fluvium Melia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Möhlin'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Murge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Radolfzeller Aach'' seu ''Hegauer Aach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Falconis petra)|Rivulus Niger Falconis Petrae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/><ref name="Falkensteinerbach"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Schwartzbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Falconis petra (Cinzele)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Falkensteinerbach">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Layna)|Sala Laynae]]<ref name="Sala Laynae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Südradde]] | | ''Südradde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aha Goetzingensis]]<ref name="Aha Goetzingensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Goetzingensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Götzinger" vertitur.</ref> | |''Götzinger Achen'' seu ''Götzinger Ache'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brachtaha]]<ref name="Brachtaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bracht'' seu ''Hundsbach'' seu ''Horstbach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryck#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „Hildam fluvium“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Ryck'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sinus Gryphiswaldensis]]<ref name="Sinus Gryphiswaldensis">Confer [[Gryphiswalda|urbem]] apud hanc sinum.</ref> | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda"/> |- | [[Scuntra (Sala Moeni)|Scuntra Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schondra'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sebnitz (flumen)|Sebnitz]] | |''Sebnitz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sulz (Alcmana)|Sulz Alcmanae]] | | ''Sulz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Veerse]] | | ''Veerse'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wenne]] | |''Wenne'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wolf (flumen)|Wolf]] | | ''Wolf'' seu ''Wolfach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg lautete 788 ''Alapam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Altefeld (flumen)|Altefeld]] | | ''Altefeld'' seu ''Schwarzer Fluss'' seu ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Altfell'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse_djvu.txt Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) et pratum ad duas carratas feni in Andolfspach (...)".</ref> | | ''Andelsbach'' seu ''Andel'' seu ''Andelnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aufseß (flumen)|Aufseß]] | |''Aufseß'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Osta)|Biverna Ostae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Beverna Ostae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Branda (flumen)|Branda]]<ref name="Branda">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendlorenzen#Name articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam].</ref> | Brande<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brente<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brante<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenden<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenten<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brent<ref name="Branda"/> | ''Brend'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Datze]] | | ''Datze'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dumme Wustrowense]]<ref name="Wustrowense">Gentilicium "Wustrowense" ad [[Wustrow]] refert.</ref> | | ''Wustrower Dumme'' seu ''Dumme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach (Atulla)|Eberbach Atullae]]<ref name="Ebrach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | | ''Ebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach Medium]]<ref name="Eberbach Medium">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach" et adiectivo "medius-a-um". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)". Adiectivo "medius-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Mittlere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Mittlere Ebrach'' seu ''Mittelebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Eberbach]]<ref name="Eberbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ech]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | E<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ehe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Aich'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Nida)|Erlenbacum Nidae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feltchrucha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Felda'' seu ''Katharinenbach'' seu ''Sengersbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluxus Tygelensis]]<ref name="Fluxus Tygelensis">Theodisca vox ''Fließ'' in Latinam linguam "fluxus-us" vertitur. De gentilicio "Tygelensis-e" vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Tegel#Geschichte hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Tegel wird 1322 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt als Kirchdorf ''Tygel''(...)".</ref> | |''Tegeler Fließ'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gerdauge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gherdou<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gherdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdow<ref name="Gerdow">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Gerdau (1352 ''Gerdow'') (...)".</ref> |''Gerdau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gramma (flumen)|Gramma]]<ref name="Gramma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1265 wird das Gewässer als Gramma erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gramme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grindaha]]<ref name="Grindaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCndau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1173 als ''Grindaha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gründau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits am 24. Juni 1350 wurde die Heller in einer Urkunde als „Helre“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Heller'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ileda]]<ref name="Ileda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihle hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1114 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Ileda'') (...)" </ref> | |''Ihle'' | align="right" | 30 | Fossa inter [[Habala]]m<ref name=Gr/> et [[Albis|Albem]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kander (Rhenus)|Kander Rheni]] | | ''Kander'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ketzerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Ketzerbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lumme]]<ref name="Lumme">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lumda'' wird 1339 als ''Lumme'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)" </ref> | |''Lumda'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Modenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Modenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salz]]<ref name="Salz">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) in loco, qui dicitur Salz (...)".</ref> | |''Salz'' seu ''Salzbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schiltahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schiltha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltache<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schiltach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sprotte]] | |''Sprotte'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Net Almanae)|Sura Netensis]]<ref name="Sura (Net Almanae)">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidaue]]<ref name="Vidaue">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Vidaue (...) ponte iuxta Withaue (...)".</ref> | Withaue<ref name="Vidaue"/> |''Weihung'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wahnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisper]] | | ''Wisper'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Worpena]]<ref name="Worpena">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240924125310/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/?f=gold&page=3515 koeblergerhard.de], ubi dicitur "(...) Gewässernamen Wörpe (Worpena 1324) (...)".</ref> | | ''Wörpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Clana (Manachfialta)|Clana]]<ref name="Clana Manachfialtae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Mangfall)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name taucht 774 erstmals urkundlich auf (''Clana''). Er leitet sich vom keltischen Adjektiv *glano- für „rein, klar, glänzend“ ab (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Guta (Chinzechun)|Gůta]]<ref name="Guta">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/krieger1904bd1/0422/image,info Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden], ubi dicitur "(...) ecclesia Gůta in decanatu Rotwil (...)".</ref> | | ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Hilaria)|Hostrahun Hilariae]]<ref name="Hostrahun">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilaha]]<ref name="Ilaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1060 (''Ilaha'') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Illach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lotzmane]]<ref name="Lotzmane">Vide [https://www.rechtskarten.de/karten/kaufunger-wald/ Der Königsforst Kaufunger Wald], ubi dicitur "(...) ''silva que adiacet civitati inter Gelstram et Lotzmane amnes posita'', d.h. bis zur Gelster im Südosten und zur Losse im Südwesten (...)".</ref> | |''Losse'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mare Steinhudense]]<ref name="Mare Steinhudense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)". Adiectivum "Steinhudense" refert vicinum ad oppidum Steinhude.</ref> | Mari Steinhudense<ref name="Mare Steinhudense"/> | ''Steinhuder Meerbach'' seu ''Aue'' seu ''Bäke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Marka (flumen)|Marka]] | | ''Marka'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Panca]]<ref name="Riedel 1843">Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | [[Pankowe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Panke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rehbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Röhr]] | | ''Röhr'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schlüht<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schlücht'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwülme]] | | ''Schwülme'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secheimer (Iages)|Secheimer Iagis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Seccaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Seggaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Sekaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis |''Seckach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sormitz]] | | ''Sormitz'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wetschaft]] | | ''Wetschaft'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Caminizi rivi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitz'' seu ''Beuthenbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wuta|Wůta]]<ref name="Wůta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Gutach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird bei seiner Ersterwähnung im Jahr 1111 als Wůta bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Wilde Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwinga (Albis)|Zwinga Albis]]<ref name="Zwinga Albis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinge_(Peene)#Geschichten articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In einer Urkunde des Herzogs Kasimir II. von 1219 wurde der Bach als „aqua molendini“ (Mühlengewässer) erwähnt.^[4] Die Erwähnung als „''Zwinga''“ erfolgte 1248 in einer Urkunde des Herzogs Wartislaw III. von Pommern-Demmin (...).</ref> | Aqua Molendini Albis<ref name="Zwinga Albis"/> |''Schwinge'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | | ''Sagter Ems'' seu ''Sater Ems'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bist]] | | ''Bist'' seu ''Biest'' seu ''Bießt'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Iagis]]<ref name="Breitaha Iagis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Brettach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dumme Salzwitense]]<ref name="Salzwitense">Gemtilicium "Salzwitense" ad Salzwitam refert. Hoc de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Salzwedeler Dumme'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elra Netensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ellerbach'' seu ''Eller'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | |''Esse'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Garda (Nicer)|Garda]]<ref name="Garda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher hieß der Bach Gartach (988 ''fluvium Garda''), eine Bezeichnung, die sich außer im Namen einiger Orte am Lauf auch in dem des mittelalterlichen Gartachgaus wiederfindet (...)".</ref> | |''Lein'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Schreckebach'' seu ''Seebach'' seu ''Gartach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hale (Ruma)|Hale]]<ref name="Hale">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahle_(Rhume)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''aquam ... hale'' (...)".</ref> | |''Hahle'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Nicer)|Iutraha Niceri]]<ref name="Iutraha Niceri">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)".</ref><ref name=Gr/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Yutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iudra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Euteraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Eutere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Itter'' seu ''Euterbach'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Slyphera)|Lutra Slypherae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mercene]]<ref name="Mercene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bei Röhe wurde eine römische Siedlung ausgegraben, die vermutlich ''*Marcianum'' hieß (‚Landgut des Marcius‘) und namensgebend für den Fluss und die Flur war. Der Name ist erstmals 1149 als ''Mercene'' verschriftlicht (...)".</ref> | Marcianum<ref name="Mercene"/> |''Merzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mitrana]]<ref name="Mitrana">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103209/https://www.bietigheim-bissingen.de/fileadmin/user_upload_stadtverwaltung/newsletter/2022/06_Juni_2022/2022_06_30/Anlage_zur_PM__QR-Naturerlebnispfad_Mettertal.pdf QR-Natur- & Kultur-Erlebnisrundgang Mettertal], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Metter ist seit der Römerzeit belegt. Die Römer nannten das Flüsschen „Matisa“ und „Fluvius Mitrana“ (...)".</ref> | Matisa | ''Metter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Nersae]]<ref name="Netha Nersae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Nette'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Olef]] | |''Olef'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Rodenbergense]]<ref name="Owe Rodenbergense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Gentilicium "Rodenbergense" ad [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenberg#Geschichte Castrum Rodenbergum] refert.</ref> | |''Rodenberger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "Occidentale" Theodiscum praefixum ''West-'' vertitur.</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Elisinza)|Rivulus Niger Elisinzae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha Caeca]]<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Adiectivo "caecus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Blinde" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Caeca<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> seu Rota Caeca <ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> |''Blinde Rot'' seu ''Adelmannsfelder Rot'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Rodau'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbuide]]<ref name="Salzbuide">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzb%C3%B6de#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmalige Erwähnung erfährt die Bezeichnung Salzböde in einer Schenkungsurkunde aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, in der eine Edelfrau namens Adelburch ihre Besitzungen in der mündungsnahen Ortschaft „Salzbutine“ (Salzböden) dem Kloster Fulda überträgt. Im Landfriedensvertrag, den Bischof Wernher von Mainz 1265 mit hessischen Reichsstädten und benachbarten Territorialherren schloss, wird bei der Beschreibung der Grenze im Norden auch der Fluss Salzböde („..., ''et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide'',...“) (...)".</ref> | Salzbutine<ref name="Salzbuide"/> |''Salzböde'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna Angusta]]<ref name="Sinna angusta">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule. Adiectivum "angustus-a-um", quo Theodiscum adiectivum "Schmale" vertitur, adhibetur ad distinguendum hoc flumen suo ex homonymo flumine.</ref> | Sinne Angustum<ref name="Sinna angusta"/> |''Schmale Sinn'' seu ''Hintere Sinn'' seu ''Kleine Sinn'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Alpha Fera<ref name="Alpha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> |''Wilde Aa'' seu ''Aar'' seu ''Ogge'' seu ''Wilde Ah'' seu ''Wilde Aar'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aalbach (Moenus)|Aalbach Moeni]]<ref name="Aalbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aalbach'' seu ''Ahlbach'' seu ''Weidengraben'' seu ''Waldbüttelbrunner Augraben'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Barre]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kleine Paar'' seu ''Holzheimerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cherse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Koerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Kerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Körsch'' seu ''Sindelbach'' seu ''Aischbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elera (Nava)|Elera Navae]]<ref name="Elera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluuiolum Elera'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ghela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gehle'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamel_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1309 (Hamele) erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Hamel'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (27 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Lara">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenlohr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 772 war sie in der Markbeschreibung der Benediktinerabtei Neustadt am Main erstmals als ''super fluviolum Lara'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hafenlohr'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Rhenanus Wittlaerensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tulba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Thulba'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wevene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Wabe'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Ursena)|Wietze Ursenae]] | | ''Wietze'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Withaea<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Widaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Hvidaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wiedau'' seu ''Mehlandsbach'' seu ''Delmser Bach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bära]] | | ''Bära'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Canalis (Rura)|Canalis Rurae]]<ref name="Canalis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallbach_(Urft)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name könnte sich vom rheinischen Wort Kall(e) für 'Wasserrinne, Straßenrinne' (< lateinisch ''canalis'') herleiten (...).</ref> | | ''Kall'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cupfere]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kuppher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chupher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kupfer'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ekkerne]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ecker'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | | ''Erpe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Extera]]<ref name="Piderit 1846">Piderit, F. C. G. (1846). ''Geschichte der Lippe'schen Lande''. Detmoldae: Meyer.</ref> | | ''Exter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Werre)#Bezeichnung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter trug die Aa den Namen „Hardna“, welcher sich vom mittelniederdeutschen Wort hart für 'Bergwald, waldiger Höhenzug' ableite (...)".</ref> | [[Aa (Wachna)|Aa Wachnae]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | ''Aa'' seu ''Johannisbach'' seu ''Westfälische Aa'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (flumen)|Hasalaha Werahae]]<ref name="Hasalaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kessach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kessha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chessa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kessach'' seu ''Berolzheimer Kästle'' seu ''Schillingstadter Kästle'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lenninger Lauter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutturu (Amisia)|Lutturu Amisiae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Amisiae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutturu (Lachte)|Lutturu Lachtense]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Lachtense<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luya (Naba)|Luya Nabae]]<ref name="Luya Nabae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Lia<ref name="Luya Nabae"/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] | | ''Miele'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] |- | [[Mosalbe]]<ref name="Mosalbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosalbe_(Schwarzbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1180 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (''Mosalbe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Moosalbe'' seu ''Moosalb'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nisa (flumen)|Nisa]]<ref name="Nisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niese_(Emmer)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1005 als ''Nisa'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Niese'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | | ''Ochtum'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotina (Itessa)|Rotina Itessae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotene Itessae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Röthen'' seu ''Röden'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scherkonde]] | | ''Scherkonde'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schoza]]<ref name="Schoza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) aput Schozam (...)".</ref> | | ''Schozach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinlach]] | | ''Steinlach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stobrava]]<ref name="Stobrava">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6bber#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur'' (...) ''super Stobravam'' (...)".</ref> | Stoborov<ref name="Stobrava"/> | ''Stöbber'' seu ''Stobber'' seu ''Stobberow'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulmana (flumen)|Sulmana]]<ref name="Sulmana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm_(Neckar)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa sulmana'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulm'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weraha (Rhenus)|Weraha Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werra Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wehra'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wieste]] | | ''Wieste'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aqua Kotitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Kotitzensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Kotitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Kotitzer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Kotitzer Wasser'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschau (Lachte)|Aschau]] | | ''Aschau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Au Soholmense]]<ref name="Soholmense">Gentilicio "Soholmensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Soholmer" vertitur.</ref> | Å Soholmense<ref name="Soholmense"/> | ''Soholmer Au'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> |- | [[Bresnica]]<ref name="Bresnica">Vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) Beispiele hierfür sind Ortsnamen wie 11. Jh. ''Bresnica'' Prießnitz, (...)".</ref> | | ''Prießnitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsava]] | | ''Elsava'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gerstenbacum (Plissa)|Gerstenbacum Plissae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gerstenbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gimmlitz]] | | ''Gimmlitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Heimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Heimbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kossau]] | | ''Kossau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lacus Tresdorfensis]]<ref name="Tresdorfensis">Hoc de gentilicio, confer scientificum epithetum "Tresdorfensis".</ref> | [[Kossau]] |- | [[Luppa (flumen)|Luppa]]<ref name="Luppa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Luppe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | | ''Mud'' seu ''Mudau'' seu ''Mudbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Net Guelpherbytense]]<ref name="Net Guelpherbytense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)". Gentilicium "Guelpherbytense" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refert.</ref> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Ohe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Osa (flumen)|Osa]]<ref name="Osa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im 9. Jahrhundert als ''Osa fluvio'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Oos'' seu ''Oosbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Purnitz]] | | ''Purnitz'' seu ''Kleine Jeetze'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Russella (Albis)|Russella Albis]]<ref name="Russella Albis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rossel'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schmalkalde]] | | ''Schmalkalde'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seidewitz (flumen)|Seidewitz]] | | ''Seidewitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Smiehe]]<ref name="Smiehe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)".</ref> | | ''Schmiech'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Mogus Rufus)|Steina Mogi Rufi]]<ref name="Steina Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Steinach''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Steina&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Warme Steinach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stillach]] | | ''Stillach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Swarza". Hoc de hydronymo ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)". Gentilicum "Bavaricus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Bayerische'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Bayerische Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Trierbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tymanize]]<ref name="Tymanize">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002845 Jahrbücher des Vereins für meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde], ubi dicitur "(...) Temnitz, Bach bei Netzeband, 1232 super Tymanize fluuium (...)".</ref> | |''Temnitz'' seu ''Hellbach'' seu ''Sandfurthgraben'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plane (flumen)|Plane]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Verse]] | | ''Verse'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waldaha]]<ref name="Waldaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Waldaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Waldach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warne]] | | ''Warne'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wesebach]]<ref name="Wesebach">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?q=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=a5db118e05c2ad26&biw=1275&bih=280&ei=pZkCZ-SEMre7i-gP-JWo0Q8&ved=0ahUKEwik6-nn9vmIAxW33QIHHfgKKvoQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHyAiV2VzZWJhY2ggZXQgY2FtcG8gR2FsbGVuZGFsICJIpzdQ6QNY6xhwAXgAkAEAmAG4AaABmwqqAQMwLjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsQBwgIFECEYoAGYAwCIBgGSBwMwLjGgB8wI&sclient=gws-wiz-serp hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Wesebach et campo Gallendal et termini earum der Speyrer Domkirche (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesebach'' seu ''Wese'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziethe]] | | ''Ziethe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Erstbeleg von 1306 lautet ''inter fluvium Affatam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Afte'' seu ''Wiele'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Berentraph (flumen)|Berentraph]]<ref name="Berentraph">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndorf_(Kreuztal)#Geschichte articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort unter dem Namen „Berentraph“ bereits 1067 und ist somit einer der ältesten Orte des Siegerlandes (...)".</ref> | | ''Ferndorfbach'' seu ''Ferndorf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brenza]]<ref name="Brenza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Brettenbach r.z. Elz (z. Rhein) (...) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten (...) super fluvium Brenze, lich), /br˛edebax/, 1317–41 an der Brettennun, iuxta (um 774, Original) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten, (...) prope fluvium Brenza (...)".</ref> | Brancia<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Bretten<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Brenze<ref name="Brenza"/> | ''Brettenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chivirinis]]<ref name="Chivirinis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieferbach#Namensdeutung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach tritt im 13. Jh. mit der Form ''ad locum … Chivirinis Ursprinch'' („Quelle des Kieferbachs“) erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Kieferbach'' seu ''Thierseer Ache'' seu ''Klausbach'' seu ''Klausenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dellina]]<ref name="Dellina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalke#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Flusses stammt aus dem Jahr 1001. Die „Dellina“ bzw. „Delchana“ bildete die Grenze des Paderborner Forstbannes (...)".</ref> | Delchana |''Dalke'' seu ''Dalkebach'' seu ''Bullerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dietsulze]]<ref name="Dietsulze">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1048 noch als Dietsulze bezeichnet, wurde der Name in der Neuzeit zu Dietzhölze umgedeutet (...)".</ref> | Dietsulza<ref name="Dietsulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Kyrorsum Dietsulzam (...)".</ref> | ''Dietzhölze'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen">Gentilicium "Bieringense" ad oppidum Bieringen refertur.</ref> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fehntjer Tief]] | | ''Fehntjer Tief'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Gohbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gundbach'' seu ''Hengstbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harle_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in dem Gaunamen ''pagus Herloga'' um das Jahr 1100 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Harle'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga"/> |- | [[Hlunia]]<ref name="Hlunia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Weser)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1007 als ''in Hluniam'' zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | |''Klingengraben'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lockwitzbacum (Albis)|Lockwitzbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lockwitzbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lungwitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lungwitzbach'' seu ''Lungwitz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Maior Strigus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Maior Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Strigucz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kleine Striegis'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nassaha (Moenus)|Nassaha Moeni]]<ref name="Nassaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex homonymo oppido. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Nassach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pleisa]]<ref name="Pleisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 948 als ''pleisa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pleisbach'' seu ''Pleissbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Praitahe]]<ref name="Praitahe">Vide [https://texte.volare.vorarlberg.at/viewer/fulltext/VLB0067946/133/ Der Mittelberg. Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde des ehemaligen gleichnamigen Gerichtes], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc sursum per illud flumen ilara usque ad ostium praitahe (Breitach.) (...)".</ref> | |''Breitach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Redniz)|Rota Rednizensis]]<ref name="Rota Rednizensis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Roth'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scaflenze (Iages)|Scaflenze Iagis]]<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Scaflenzen Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> seu Scaflenza Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> | ''Schefflenz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Surdafalacha]]<ref name="Surdafalacha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Unterlauf wird 793 als Surdafalacha (lat. surda ='die Taube') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fallbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickera]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wykara<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wickere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wickerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisilaffa]]<ref name="Wisilaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieslauf#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wieslauf wird 1027 als ''Wisilaffa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wieslauf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiske]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wisicher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicheim<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wyseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wieseck'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Achaza]]<ref name="Achaza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echaz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 938 als Achaza erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Echaz'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alara Parva]]<ref name="Alara Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Alera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> seu Elera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> | ''Kleine Aller'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alinde]]<ref name="Alinde">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elte_(Fluss)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg ist ''Alinde'' (1014) und im späteren Mittelalter wird er als „ellna“ bezeichnet (...) wurde erstmals 1075 „in Elenen“ erwähnt. 1121 war bereits von einer „capella in Elnde“ die Rede. 1138 wurde er als „Elendi“ und 1304 als „in Elende“ benannt (...)".</ref> | Ellna<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elenen<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elnde<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elendi<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elende<ref name="Alinde"/> | ''Elte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ambera]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ambra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Calida]]<ref name="Boda Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Warme Bode'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Garthe]]<ref name="Garthe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Garte'' wird im Jahr 1325 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (meatus fluuij … ''Garthe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Garte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gisala]]<ref name="Meibom 1688">Meibom, Henrico, auctore (1688); ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores''. Helmaestadii: Typis & sumtibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii.</ref> | Geysla<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Geizle<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu [[Geisla]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Geisel'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Klia]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Henne (flumen)|Henne]] | |''Henne'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holzape]] | | ''Holzape'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hombach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iachna]]<ref name="Iachna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jachen#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss Jachen wird 1313 als Jachna (...)".</ref> | | ''Jachen'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Iazaha (Fuldaha)|Iazaha Fuldahae]]<ref name="Iazaha Fuldahae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Homonymo de flumine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Lohr'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medem_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung gab es im Jahr 860 als ''Medemahem'' (...)".</ref> | |''Medem'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Niusta]]<ref name="Niusta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCst#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 980 als ''Niusta'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nüst'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sehma (flumen)|Sehma]] | | ''Sehma'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steinebacum (Chinzechun)|Steinebacum Chinzechunis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinebach'' seu ''Steinaubach'' seu ''Steineaubach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Umlach]] | |''Umlach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Uotenbach]]<ref name="Outenbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odenbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der namensgleiche Ort Odenbach wurde 841 als Uotenbach erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Odenbach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickriede]] | | ''Wickriede'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschaff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name Ascafa (980) (...)".</ref> | | ''Aschaff'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aubach'' seu ''Wiesenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibers]]<ref name="Bibers">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibers#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(„in ripa … Bibers“) (...)".</ref> | |''Bibers'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Blau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bomlitz]] | | ''Bomlitz'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dickelsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dickelsbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elbena]]<ref name="Elbena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbbach_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Elbenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Endert]] | | ''Endert'' seu ''Endertbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fliedina]]<ref name="Fliedina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliede#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen aus dem 9. Jahrhundert wird der Fluss ''Fliedina'' genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Fliede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geysaha]]<ref name="Geysaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich genannt wird der ''Geisbach'' in einer gefälschten Urkunde, die vor dem Jahr 1057 erstellt wurde. In dieser wird der Fluss als ''Geysaha'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> | | ''Geisbach'' seu ''Geis'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grintahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gerffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafo<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintifa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Grenff'' seu ''Grenf'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hiedraha]]<ref name="Hiedraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand im Jahr 897 (''Hiedraha'') statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Idarbach'' seu ''Idar'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Wort ''Jade'' (1314: ''Jatha'') ist schwer zu deuten (...)".</ref> | | ''Jade'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sinus Iathae]]<ref name="Iatha"/> | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha"/> |- | [[Kropsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kropsbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Mühlbachgraben'' seu ''Schlaggraben'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lamma]]<ref name="Lamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung erfolgte im Jahr 1065 als ''Lamma'' (...)".</ref> | |''Lamme'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lee (Vidrus)|Lee]] | | ''Lee'' seu ''Kleine Lee" | align="right" | 22 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Livianum]]<ref name="Livianum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibi#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name geht wohl auf einen römischen Ortsnamen Līviānum mit der Bedeutung (...)".</ref> | | ''Leibi'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugna_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche keltische Name „Longna“ wurde von den römischen Besatzern (15 v. Chr.) übernommen.[3] Um 890 wird der Fluss als ''Logena'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | Logena |''Laugna'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra (Bunaha)|Lutra Bunahae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malefinkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Malefinkbach'' seu ''Malefink'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Mittweida'' seu ''Mitteweida'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | | ''Morre'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mota (flumen)|Mota]]<ref name="Mota">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 786 wird der Fluss als ''Motam'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mehe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva meridionalis)|Murga Nigra Silvae Meridionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Murg'' seu ''Hauensteiner Murg'' seu ''Obere Murg'' seu ''Murgbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Na de Owe]]<ref name="Na de Owe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Namensbelege des Gewässers sind „na de Owe“ (1512) (...)".</ref> | | ''Ostenau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Natergowe]]<ref name="Natergowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notter_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Flussname erscheint erstmals im Jahr 997 als Gauname ''Natergowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Notter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Rhenano. Hoc de ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_(Rhein) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Nahe''' (lateinisch ''Nava'', ursprünglich keltisch ''Wilder Fluss'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Presnitz)|Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nyeste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Nieste'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Radaha Fera]]<ref name="Radaha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Wilde Rodach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Vennbach'' seu ''Ebersbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymis "Rotina" seu "Rotene". His de hydronymis, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rödelbach Steinach (Lkr. Sonneberg, Thüringen, D), mündet in Rödental (Lkr. Coburg, Bayern). – /rü5dn/, ON. Mönchröden (Stadt Rödental, Lkr. Coburg), 1108 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Rotina, 1171 Rotene (...)".</ref> | Rotene Muldae Zviccaviensis | ''Rödelbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Savus Ferus]]<ref name="Savus Ferus">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex paronymo flumine etymologice relato [[Savus|Savo]] seu Sao. Cui ultimo, vide [[:de:Wilde Sau (Fluss)#Name]], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist wahrscheinlich slawischen Ursprungs, was auch die Namen benachbarter Elbezuflüsse nahelegen. Es könnte dieselbe sprachliche Wurzel wie bei dem Donauzufluss Sava/Save zugrunde liegen (...)". "Savus" est versio Latina Theodisci hydronymi ''Save''. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertiturAdiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Saus Ferus<ref name="Savus Ferus"/> | ''Wilde Sau'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sechta Unterschneidheimensis]]<ref name="Unterschneidheimensis">Gentilicium "Unterschneidheimensis" ad oppidum [[Unterschneidheim]] refertur.</ref> | |''Schneidheimer Sechta'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Radiantia)|Seebacum Radiantiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Canalis inter Moenum et Danubium]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Neckarsteinach)|Steinhaha Neckarsteinachensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Neckarsteinachensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Steinach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulaha (Weraha)|Sulaha Werahae]]<ref name="Sulaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Suhl, l.z. Werra (...) in fluvium Sulaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Suhl'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sydene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Watter]] | |''Watter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wida (Zurrega)|Wida Zurregae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Wieda'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zaberkou]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zabernahgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zabernogovi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zaberenkowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Zaber'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ahbacum (Ara)|Ahbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Ahbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ana (flumen)|Ána]]<ref name="Ana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahne_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg des Namens stammt aus dem Jahr 1154 ''fluvium Ána'' (...)".</ref> | |''Ahne'' seu ''Ahna'' seu ''Ahnabach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name="Ardaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_(Dill)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Im Althochdeutschen noch als Ardaha (Erwähnung 856) bezeichnet, (...)".</ref> | |''Aar'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Asdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Asdorf'' seu ''Asdorfer Bach'' seu ''Weibe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beke]] | |''Beke'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Beysa]]<ref name="Beysa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beise_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1521 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Beysa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Beise'' seu ''Beisebach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Chinzechun Parvum]]<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)" Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Chinzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kinzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> |''Kleine Kinzig'' seu ''Reinerzau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Demester]]<ref name="Demester">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emster_Kanal#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die mittelalterlichen Bezeichnungen für das Gewässer waren ''Demester'' (1351), ''Dempstar'' (1374), ''Demster'' (1380) und ''deinster'' (1441/45) (...)".</ref> | Dempstar seu Demster seu Deinster |''Emster Kanal'' seu ''Emster Gewässer'' seu ''Emster'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsanpah]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elsinpah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenpach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsinbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Kaiserbach'' seu ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Elsenbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gilse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gilsa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kerkerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Kerkerbach'' seu ''Hüttenbach'' seu ''Fensterbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lossa (Mulda)|Lossa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lossa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muche]]<ref name="Muche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauch_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1293 als Muche erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | |''Mauch'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nau]] | |''Nau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Odeborn]] | | ''Odeborn'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Phiopha]]<ref name="Phiopha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfieffe_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Pfieffe wird 1037 als ''Phiopha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfieffe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pöhlwasser]] | |''Pöhlwasser'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) („iuxta aquam … Prime“) (...)".</ref> | |''Prim'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radau]]<ref name="Radau">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radau_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erwähnt wurde der Fluss 1308 bzw. 1325 als ''Radowe'', 1570 als ''Radow'', 1578 als ''Radaw'' und ebenfalls 1578 als ''Radau'' (...)".</ref> | Radowe seu Radow seu Radaw |''Radau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rodawe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Rodau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | | ''Rotach'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Rothach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ruda (flumen)|Ruda]]<ref name="Ruda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauda_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 1266 als ''Ruda'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Rauda'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rysele]]<ref name="Rysele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Nethe)#Historische_Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ''Aa'' hatte im Mittelalter den Namen ''Riesel''. So erscheint sie in ihrem ersten schriftlichen Beleg von 1326 als „in fluvius … Rysele“, (...)".</ref> | |''Aa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sall (flumen)|Sall]] | |''Sall'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulzaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Solza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sulza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Solz'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Sontra (Werdorf, synkopiert > *Sorsdorf, vereinfacht > *S¯osdorf. – ra-Meißner-Kreis), 1232 Suntraha, 1269 Suntrahe, Sperber, HG.A.5, S. 90. 1271 Sunthra, 1273 Suntra (und weitere Belege), 14. Jh. Sontra (...)".</ref> | Suntrahe<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sunthra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Suntra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sontra<ref name="Suntraha"/> |''Sontra'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Terueke]]<ref name="Terueke">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenbek#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten überlieferten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des Gewässers sind ''Terueke'' (1245 und 1263), ''Terveke'' (1266) und ''Terweke'' (1325), was sich über ''Tarwe'' zu ''Tarpe'' entwickelte (...)".</ref> | Terveke<ref name="Terueke"/> seu Terweke<ref name="Terueke"/> |''Tarpenbek'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Belege des Deilbachs sind Thidela (875) und Thithelam (11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Thithela<ref name="Thidela"/> |''Deilbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trotzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Trotzbach'' seu ''Schledde'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Tegarinseo)|Wissaha Tegarinseonensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Tegarinseo]]<ref name="Tegernsee">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee#Namensgebung hoc de lacū apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Sees ist erstmals in der Form Tegarinseo aus dem Jahr 796 überliefert, als die fürstlichen Brüder Oatkar und Adalbert ein Kloster am tegarin seo, das ist althochdeutsch und heißt großer See, gründeten (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bada (Wippera)|Bada Wipperae]]<ref name="Bada">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_(Wipper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg ist aus dem Jahr 749 (''Bada'') (...)".</ref> | |''Bode'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Barnitz]] | |''Barnitz'' seu ''Sult'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beste hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wurde der Fluss erstmals bereits 1075 als ''Horbinstenon'' in einer Beschreibung des Limes Saxoniae erwähnt (...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Flusses fand 1263 als ''Bestene'' statt (...)".</ref> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grobion]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Grob<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Verlorenwasser'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hora (Aphilste)|Hora Aphilstensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ora Aphilstensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ohra'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hospira]]<ref name="Hospira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspeyerbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der mittelalterliche Name ''Hospira'' des Hochspeyerbachs ist bereits im 10. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen; er leitete sich möglicherweise vom Speyerbach (''Spira, Spiraha'') ab (...)".</ref> | Spiraha |''Hochspeyerbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Naba)|Huttenbacum Nabae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ieckenbacus]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> | Gekkinbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co.</ref> seu Geckenbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> |''Jeckenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iutraha (Rhenus)|Iutraha Rheni]]<ref name="Iutraha Rheni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)" et {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lahe (flumen)|Lahe]] | |''Lahe'' seu ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Soeste]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Maurine]] | | ''Maurine'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Hassae]]<ref name="Netha Hassae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oese (Hune)|Oese]] | |''Oese'' seu ''Gelmecke'' seu ''Heppingser Bach'' seu ''Sundwiger Bach'' seu ''Hemer-Bach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pernaffa]]<ref name="Pernaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahre 913 als ''Pernaffa'', und er gab dem Perfgau (''pagus Pernaffa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Perf'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Dreisima)|Rotbacum Dreisimae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Zartenbach'' seu ''Löffeltalbach'' seu ''Höllenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sechta Rohilingenensis]]<ref name="Rohilingenensis">Gentilicium "Rohilingenensis" ad Rohilingen refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hlingen#Geschichte eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in vico Rohilingen'' (...)".</ref> | |''Röhlinger Sechta'' seu ''Sechta'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulza (Albis)|Sulza Albis]]<ref name="Sulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Sülze (Stadt Rösrath, Rheinisch-Bergiae. ge-sod ‘Gericht’, as. soth ‘Fleischbrühe’, afr. scher Kreis), mündet nach 24,7km bei Lohmar soth ‘Brühe’, ahd. ki-sod ‘Gericht’), metaphorische (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, NRW). – 1182 molendina in Sulza (...)".</ref> | |''Sülze'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ziese]] | |''Ziese'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Rordorfensis-e" ad [[Rodorfium]] (Theodisce ''Rodorf'') refertur. Cui ultimo toponymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrdorf_(am_Inn)#Geschichte hoc de oppido apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Rohrdorf 788 in der Notitia Arnonis, einer Aufstellung aller Güter und Besitzungen der Kirche Salzburg auf herzoglich-bayerischem Gebiet anlässlich der Eingliederung Bayerns in das Frankenreich Karls des Großen. Darin genannt sind auch die beiden heute eingemeindeten Dörfer Höhenmoos und Lauterbach, die seinerzeit ebenfalls bereits Kirchdörfer waren. Die damaligen Ortsbezeichnungen lauteten: Rordorf, (...)".</ref> | | ''Rohrdorfer Achen'' seu ''Achen'' seu ''Weißenbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alnaha (flumen)|Alnaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Allanaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Alnahe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Allna'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Mutinensis]]<ref name="Aqua Mutinensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Mutinensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Mutzschener" vertitur. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Mutzschener Wasser'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Audan (Layna)|Audan Laynae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bastauwe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Bastau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fintau]] | | ''Fintau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hanfpach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Hanfbach'' seu ''Irmerother Bach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Humme]] | | ''Humme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Dimel)|Iutraha Dimelensis]]<ref name="Iutraha Dimelensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' seu ''Itterbecke'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lisba (flumen)|Lisba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lisburnensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Liese'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Itessa)|Lutra Itessae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lauterbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Metime|Metimé]]<ref name="Metime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettma#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde 1111 als ''fluvii Metimé'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mettma'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Muglbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Mohelnský seu Mohelenský |''Muglbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Munzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Münzbach'' seu ''Loßnitzbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Orpe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Urppe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Orpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Radense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Radense" ad [[Radena]]m refertur; hoc de toponymo, vide: Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''A New System of Geography: Containing a Particular Description of the Quarters of the World''. Londinii: T. Lowndes; hoc de gentilicio, vide: Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung''. Simon Müller.</ref> | Audan Parvum Radense<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ramme (flumen)|Ramme]] | | ''Ramme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Ambra)|Rota Ambrae]]<ref name="Rota Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rott wird um 1065 in der Wessobrunner Gründungslegende als ''Rota'' bezeugt (...)".</ref> | |''Rott'' seu ''Rottgraben'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sorpe (Röhr)|Sorpe Röhrense]]<ref name="Sorpe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 1307 iuxta rivum … Sorpe (...)".</ref> | Suropo Röhrensis<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorbece Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Röhr]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sule (flumen)|Sule]] | | ''Sule'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilstra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wilstera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstria<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wilsterau'' seu ''Wilster Au'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zahme Gera]] | | [[Zahme Gera]] | align="right" | 19 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aha Berchtesgadenensis]]<ref name="Aha Berchtesgadenensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> | Albe Berchtesgadenense<ref name="Albe Berchtesgadenense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Ache hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1815 wurde der Fluss noch als ''Albe'' (...)". Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> |''Berchtesgadener Ache'' seu ''Königsseeache'' seu ''Alm'' seu ''Almbach'' seu ''Albe'' seu ''Niedere Al | align="right" | 18 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ahle (Schwülme)|Ahle Schwülmense]] | |''Ahle'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwülme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armuthsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Armuthsbach'' seu ''Armutsbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Baarbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Baarbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | |''Bahra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bekena (Lupia)|Bekena]]<ref name="Bekena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beke_(Lippe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Mittelalter als ''Bekena'' bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Beke'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Belina (Albis)|Belina Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | |''Biela'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boteburon]]<ref name="Boteburon">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottwar#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es wird angenommen, dass der Name des Flusses von dem der Stadt Großbottwar abgeleitet ist, der bereits im Jahr 779 als ''Boteburon'' und 873 als ''Bodibura'' erwähnt wird. Erstmals 1260 wird der Fluss urkundlich ''Botebor'' genannt (...)".</ref> | Bodibura<ref name="Boteburon"/> seu Botebor<ref name="Boteburon"/> | ''Bottwar'' seu ''Auklingenbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brugga (Dreisima)|Brugga Dreisimae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Nomen Theodiscum'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Diesse]] | |''Dieße'' seu ''Diesse'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Frioda (Weraha)|Frioda Werahae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Frieda'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gelster]] | |''Gelster'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalaha Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helere]]<ref name="Helere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haller_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Schreibung: Helere (10.–11. Jahrhundert) (...)".</ref> | |''Haller'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lesnitz Magnum]]<ref name="Lesnitz Magnum">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo urbe Theodisce ''Lößnitz''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lößnitz''' Stadt nö. Aue; Aue-Schwarzenberg (AKr. Aue) (1238) K 1533 Fridericus de Lesnitz (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur</ref> | | ''Große Lößnitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lutraha]]<ref name="Lutraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtter#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lütter'' wurde im Jahr 826 als ''Lutraha'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lütter'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Barenburgense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Barenburgense" ad [[Barenburgum]] in [[Circulus Diepholz|Circulo Thefholte]] refertur.</ref> | Audan Parvum Barenburgense<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Parthanus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Parthanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Partnach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Perlenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Perlenbach'' seu ''Schwalmbach'' seu ''Perlbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Klingengrabenensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ranschgraben]] | |''Ranschgraben'' seu ''Erbsengraben'' seu ''Waldgraben'' seu ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein)|Raodhaha Leinensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> seu Rota Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> |''Rot'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rinne Königseense|Rinne Königseënse]]<ref name="Königseënse">Gentilicium "Königseënse" ad oppidum [[Königsee]] in [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus|Circulo Salfeldensi-Rudolphopolitano]] refertur.</ref> | |''Königseer Rinne'' seu ''Rinne'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Nonensis]]<ref name="Rivus Nonensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Nonensis-e" ad oppidum [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nonam]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> | |''Nohner Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Fuldaha)|Rohrbacum Fuldahae]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Fuldahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Saravus)|Rohrbacum Saravi]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Saravi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' seu ''Scheidter Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweinitz]] | Svídnice |''Schweinitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa Parva]]<ref name="Tribisa Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Triebisch'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | |''Kleine Triebisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Thira<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Thyra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Walhalben]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Walhalbin<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Walhalbe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wallhalb'' seu ''Wallhalbe'' seu ''Wallalbe'' seu ''Wallalb'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warnau]] | | ''Warnau'' seu ''Schneebach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weiß (Sega)|Weiß]] | |''Weiß'' seu ''Weißbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesaz]] | | ''Wiesaz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wilisch (flumen)|Wilisch]] | |''Wilisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wizmone<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoune<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoven<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Weismain'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wohlrose]] | |''Wohlrose'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschbacum (Werma)|Aschbacum Wermae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aschbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Nebula)|Augraben Nebulae]]<ref name="Augraben Nebulae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Kincicha)|Biberaha Kincichae]]<ref name="Biberaha Kincichae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Rotaha)|Biberaha Rotahae]]<ref name="Biberaha Rotahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' seu ''Bieberbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Frigida]]<ref name="Boda Frigida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "frigidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kalte'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Kalte Bode'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Radentia)|Brombacum Radentiae]] | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bruchbacum (Alara)|Bruchbacum Alarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bruchbach'' seu ''Wittbeck'' seu ''Heidbach'' seu ''Grobebach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bruchgraben (Indistra)|Bruchgraben Indistrae]] | | ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ettebach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Etbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Epbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Katzenbacum (Nicer)|Katzenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Katzenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lichte (flumen)|Lichte]] | | ''Lichte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Natzschung]] | Načetínský | ''Natzschung'' seu ''Keilbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovenbach (Glan)|Ovenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Ovenbach Glanense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Ohmbach wurde im Jahr 977 als ''Ouenbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohmbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rankbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rankbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbacum (Murga)|Salzbacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Kröppenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' seu ''Blümmelbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vretere]]<ref name="Vretere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretterbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten urkundlichen Nennungen wird der Bach als Vretere (1338 und 1387) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Fretterbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waginstat (flumen)|Waginstat]]<ref name="Waginstat">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex valli homonymā. Latino de nomine huius vallis, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagensteig#Geschichte articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahr 1125 als ''Waginstat'' erwähnt, wobei es sich hier um einen Personennamen handeln soll (...)".</ref> | | ''Wagensteigbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wahlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahlebach'' seu ''Wahle'' seu ''Fahrenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welpia (Alapa)|Welpia]]<ref name="Wölpe">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Welepa<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipia<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilepa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilippia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welepe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wölpe'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilde (Adrana)|Wilde Adranae]] | | ''Wilde'' seu ''Wölfte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wuhle]] | | ''Wuhle'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adenova]]<ref name="Adenova">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenauer_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 992 als ''adenoua fluvius'' erstmals erwähnt, (...)".</ref> | | ''Adenauer Bach'' seu ''Breidscheider Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahre]] | | ''Bahre'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Seidewitz (flumen)|Seidewitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Biberaha (Huna)|Biberaha Hunae]]<ref name="Biberaha Hunae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buchenbacum (Moenus)|Buchenbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchenbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' seu ''Riedgraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bünzau]] | | ''Bünzau'' seu ''Bünzer Au'' seu ''Bünzener Au'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Charbach (Moenus)|Charbach Moeni]]<ref name="Charbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e toponymo. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Argen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) 853 in loco ... Charbach, 1155 in Karebach, 13. Jh. Charebach (...)".</ref> | Karebach seu Charebach | ''Karbach'' seu ''Egerbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chemnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Chemnitzbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Daade]] | | ''Daade'' seu ''Daadenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eitarhaha]]<ref name="Eitarhaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Donau)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt im Jahr 770 in Form eines Gaunamens (''pago Eitrahuntal'') und 806 als Fluss selbst (''super fluvium Eitarhaha'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | ''Eitrahuntal''<ref name="Eitarhaha"/> |''Aitrach'' seu ''Baaralb'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elta (flumen)|Elta]] | | ''Elta'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ette (flumen)|Ette]] | | ''Ette'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Espolde]] | | ''Espolde'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grümpen]] | | ''Grümpen'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kehlbacum (Andolfspach)|Kehlbacum Andolfspachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kehlbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lempe]] | | ''Lempe'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Murrensis)|Lutra Murrensis]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Spiegelberger Lauter'' seu ''Sommerlauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Vilisa)|Lutra Vilisae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Degenfelder Lauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Marsbach'' seu ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Oelsabacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Oelsabach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rigenbach (Glan)|Rigenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Rigenbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suis ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Reichenbach&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Reichenbach''', r.z. Fils (...) in Richenbach (...) '''Reichenbach''' (z. Simmerbach (...) usque in Rigen-bach, an Rigenbach deorsum (...)".</ref> | Richenbach Glanense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Godesbergensis]]<ref name="Rivus Godesbergensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Godesbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Godesberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Godesberger Bach'' seu ''Arzdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Rettenberg)|Rottach Hilariae Rettenbergense]]<ref name="Rettenbergensis">Gentilicium Latinum "Rettenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Rettenberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Saidenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seltenbacum (Niceri)|Seltenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seltenbach'' seu ''Sandegraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Schwale'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trettach]] | | ''Trettach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Welzbacum (Moenus)|Welzbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Welzbach'' seu ''Pflaumbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ymene]]<ref name="Ymene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''supra aquam dictam Ymene'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ihme'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zarow]] | | ''Zarow'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Lacuna Stetinensis]] | [[Zarow]] |- | [[Affeldrahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Affalteren<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Effelder'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alestra secunda|Alestra Secunda]]<ref name="Alestra Secunda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Wei%C3%9Fe_Elster)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) (''1122 Alestra secunda, 1165 Helstre inferius'') (...)".</ref> | Helstre Inferius<ref name="Alestra Secunda"/> | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amlake]]<ref name="Amlake">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmelke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung der Emmelke war 1185 als ''Amlake'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Emmelke'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Ambra)|Angere Ambrae]]<ref name="Angere Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']</ref> | Angeren Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angera Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Anger Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angero Ambrae<ref name="Angero Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> | ''Angerbach'' seu ''Ramseer Bach'' seu ''Stadtbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bramau]] | | ''Bramau'' seu ''Stellau'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnisach]] | | ''Brunnisach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Deinaha]]<ref name="Deinaha">Vide ''Acta Sanctorum. Index Topographicus'', ubi dicitur "(...) Deinaha ''Teinach'', flumen in Germania (...)".</ref> | | ''Teinach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gauchsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gauchsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gornitzbacum (Alestra)|Gornitzbacum Alestrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Görnitzbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Halblech'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Der Alte Bach'' seu ''Dransdorfer Bach'' seu ''Rheindorfer Bach'' seu ''Mondorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hergstbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hergstbach'' seu ''Hergstgraben'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste"/> | Bestene<ref name="Beste"/> | ''Beste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hundem]] | | ''Hundem'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liersbacum (Ara)|Liersbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Liersbach'' seu ''Rosensiefen'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lobbacum (Elisinza)|Lobbacum Elisinzae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lobbach'' seu ''Maienbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Maade]] | | ''Maade'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Sinus Iathanus]]<ref name="Petrus Lucusaltianus">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''], auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.</ref> | [[Maade]] |- | [[Mohrbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Mohrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Morsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Neyrthere (flumen)|Neyrthere]]<ref name="Neyrthere">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerdar_(Willingen)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte schriftliche Erwähnung von Neerdar erfolgte unter dem Namen ''Neyrthere'' im Jahr 1244.^[3] Ein ''Regenhardus de Neyrthere'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Neerdar'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ösper]] | | ''Ösper'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Přísečnice#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) quae ducit de oppido Presnitz (...)".</ref> | |''Preßnitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha Rechenbergensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Gentilicio "Rechenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Rechenberger" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> seu Rota Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> | ''Rechenberger Rot'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Gunzenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhene (Dimel)|Rhene Dimelense]] | | ''Rhene'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Ahrenhorstensis]]<ref name="Rivus Ahrenhorstensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Ahrenhorstensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Ahrenhorster'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ahrenhorster Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rosenbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzbacum (Rhenus)|Salzbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Rambach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sarna (flumen)|Sarna]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Sarno<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Sahrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Strudelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Strudelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Twista (Osta)|Twista Ostae]]<ref name="Twista Ostae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Twiste''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Tuistina Ostae seu Tuistai Ostae seu Tuista Ostae seu Twiste Ostae seu Tuiste Ostae seu Thuiste Ostae seu Tuisten Ostae | ''Twiste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldangelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldangelbach'' seu ''Angelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Leimbach (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbach Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="Bruowelense"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wellingbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wellingbach'' | align="right" | 15 | ? | ? |- | [[Wochniza]]<ref name="Wochniza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakenitz hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Chronist Helmold von Bosau erwähnt sie Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in seiner ''Chronica Slavorum'' unter den Bezeichnungen ''wochniza'' oder ''wochenice'' (...)".</ref> | Wochenice<ref name="Wochniza"/> | ''Wakenitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aabacum (Affata)|Aabacum Affatae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aabach'' seu ''Aa'' seu ''Große Aa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Trauchgauense]]<ref name="Trauchgauense">Gentilicio "Trauchgauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Trauchgauer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Trauchgauer Ach'' seu ''Ach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aqua Crinitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Crinitzensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Crinitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Crinitzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Crinitzer Wasser'' seu ''Crinitzbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Awinpach (Elsava)|Awinpach Elsavae]]<ref name="Awinpach Elsavae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bära Inferior]]<ref name="Bära Inferior">Adiectivo "inferior" Theodiscum adiectivum "Untere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Untere Bära'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bära]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Belina (Flöha)|Belina Flohae]]<ref name="Belina Flöhae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bielabach'' seu ''Biela'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice">[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Buistrizi<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wisteritz<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wistricz<ref name="Bistrice"/> | ''Weißeritz'' seu ''Vereinigte Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Blabbergraben]] | | ''Blabbergraben'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bockau Magnum]]<ref name="Große"/> | | ''Große Bockau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boye (flumen)|Boye]] | | ''Boye'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erle (flumen)|Erle]] | | ''Erle'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fisgobah (Bilerna)|Fisgobah Bilernae]]<ref name="Fisgobah Bilernae">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002198101_01/_naa002198101_01_0008.php Naamkunde. Jaargang 13], ubi dicitur "(...) 817 Fischach (passim) naast 890 Fisgobah (gen mv.) (...)".</ref> | | ''Fischach'' seu ''Alte Fischach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fossa principalis Buckauensis|Fossa Principalis Buckauensis]]<ref name="Fossa Principalis Buckauensis">Substantivum Latinum "fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et substantivum Latinum "principalis-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Haupt-'' et gentilicium Latinum "Buckauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Buckauer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Buckauer Hauptgraben'' seu ''Kobser Bach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafbach_(Elbbach)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bis 1270 trug der Bach den Namen Hene, wovon sich der Ortsname Höhn ableitet (...)".</ref> | | ''Schafbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elbbach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lautenbach (Flöha)|Lautenbach Flöha]]<ref name="Lautenbach">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de topononymo, vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Pars%20III.%20Status%20ecclesiasticus%20regularis%20episcopatus%20Wirceburgensis.pdf ]Pars III. Status ecclesiasticus regularis episcopatus Wirceburgensis, ubi dicitur "(...) ibique abiurata fide et ducta uxore primo civium praetorem, dein praefectum in Lautenbach egit (...)".</ref> | | ''Lautenbach'' seu ''Pfützenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milzisa]]<ref name="Milzisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClmisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt vermutlich von einer im 11. Jh. gefälschten Urkunde, die in das Jahr 786 datiert wird. Hierin wird ein Fluss als ''Milzisa'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Mülmisch'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Polava]] | Pöhlbach |''Pöhlbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Casleocanus-a-um" ad oppidum [[Casleoca]]m refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesseling#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Klosterzelle ''Casleoca'' war (...)".</ref> | | ''Kesselinger Bach'' seu ''Staffeler Bach'' seu ''Blasweiler Bach'' seu ''Auelbach'' seu ''Densbach'' seu ''Heckenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Weesenensis]]<ref name="Rivus Weesenensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Weesenensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Weesener'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weesener Bach'' seu ''Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Cambodunum)|Rottach Hilariae Cambodunense]]<ref name="Cambodunense">Gentilicium Latinum "Cambodunensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ad [[Cambodunum]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schmerach]] | | ''Schmerach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sconibrunno (Licus, Hohenfurch)|Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis]]<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Schonach (Schwarzwald971–um 977) iuxta fontem … Sconibrunno, 833 (Kopie Baar-Kreis, B.-W., D), 1275 Schonach, 1326 Schona, 12. Jh.) super fontem … Schonibrunno (...)".</ref> | Schonibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schonach Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schona Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> | ''Schönach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sindelbacum (Iages)|Sindelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sindelbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Talbacum (Glan)|Talbacum Glanense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Talbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulfe (Suntraha)|Ulfe Suntrahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldaffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waldaphen<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Waldaffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Walluf'' seu ''Wallufbach'' seu ''Waldaffa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wierau]] | | ''Wierau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Alestra)|Wirsenicz Alestrae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Alestrae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitzbach'' seu ''Würschnitz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Yach (Ambrae)|Yach Ambrae]]<ref name="Yach Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Yach in Enze influente. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=H%C3%B6fen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur " (...) 2Eyach, l.z. Enz (...) ad fluvium ... Yach (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aranbach (Muda)|Aranbach Mudae]]<ref name="Aranbach Mudae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrenbach_(Mud)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach wurde 1012 als ''Aranbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt(...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrenbach'' seu ''Ohrnbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Au Wedelense]]<ref name="Wedelense">Gentilicium Latinum "Wedelensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Wedeler'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Wedeler Au'' seu ''Wedelbeck'' seu ''Wedelbek'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | | ''Beber'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Birkigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Birkigsbach'' seu ''Auegraben'' seu ''Näßlichbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eiderbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eiderbach'' seu ''Eiderbachgraben'' seu ''Eiterbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Farnthrapa]]<ref name="Farnthrapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felderbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 837 ''inter duo flumina ... farnthrapa'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Felderbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Nicer, Sulza)|Fluvius Molendinorum Niceri]] [[Sulz am Neckar|Sulzae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine [[Bauzanum|Bauzanensi]]. De hoc flumine, vide [https://www.schloesslmuehle.com/?page_id=2052 17 Mühlen in Bozen – die Geschichte der heutigen Schlösslmühle], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte urkundliche Nennung des Mühlbaches geschieht um 1180-90 und lautet „fluvius molendinorum“, was wörtlich übersetzt „der Wasserlauf der Mühlen“ oder kurz „Mühlbach“ bedeutet (...)". </ref> | Mühlbach<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Geraha (flumen)|Geraha]]<ref name="Geraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Neckargerach#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Neckargerach wurde im Jahr 976 erstmals als Geraha erwähnt, was eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für ein sprudelndes Gewässer war, und gleichermaßen den Ort als auch das ihn durchfließende Gewässer bezeichnete (...)".</ref> | | ''Seebach'' seu ''Gerach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hehlenriede]] | |''Hehlenriede'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Canalis Alarae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Herschbacus|Herschbacus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> | Hergispach<ref name="Hergispach">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschbach#Geschichte articulum huius oppidi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist anzunehmen, dass dieses Areal schon früher besiedelt wurde, da in der Engerser Chronik 963 ein Ort namens ''Hergispach'' auftaucht. Der Ortsname entwickelt sich über 1267 ''Herincsbach'' (...)".</ref> seu Herincsbach<ref name="Hergispach"/> | ''Herschbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horne (flumen)|Horne]] | | ''Horne'' seu ''Hornebach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kerspe]] | | ''Kerspe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lierbacum (Reineche)|Lierbacum Reinechense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lierbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luppa Nova]]<ref name="Luppa Nova">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "novus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Neu" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Neue Luppe'' seu ''Luppe-Kanal'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mare (Wiscoz)|Mare Wiscozense]]<ref name="Mare Wiscozense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)".</ref> | Mari Wiscozense<ref name="Mare Wiscozense"/> | ''Meerbach'' seu ''Schliefenbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nesenbach'' seu ''Vaihinger Bach'' seu ''Kaltentaler Bach'' seu ''Laisebach'' seu ''Furtbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nevigisa]]<ref name="Nevigisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenberger_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ursprünglich hieß der Bach ''Neuigisa'' (875) bzw. ''Navigisa'' (10./11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Navigisa<ref name="Nevigisa"/> | ''Hardenberger Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ose (Nethe)|Ose Nethense]]<ref name="Ose Nethense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96se_(Nethe) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „ab utraque parte fluvii Ose“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Öse'' seu ''Oese'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue"/> | | ''Westaue'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pobelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Pöbelbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> | | ''Freisbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Amsara)|Rivulus Niger Amsarae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Mühlen Bach'' seu ''Preußische Uraufnahme'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rota (Duria)|Rota Duriae]]<ref name="Rota Duriae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slieraha]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/><ref name="Manachfialta"/> | | ''Schlierach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slitisa (flumen)|Slitisa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Slidese<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schlitz'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Steinalp]] | | ''Steinalp'' seu ''Steinalb'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Steinhaha Niceri]] [[Nurtinga|Nurtingensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Niceri Nurtingensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tiefenbacum (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Tiefenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Nurtinga|Nurtingense]] | | ''Tiefenbach'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulmbacum (Kincicha)|Ulmbacum Kincichae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ulmbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulvina]]<ref name="Ulvina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzelbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Kanzelbach wurde erstmals im Jahre 772 als "Uluina", gesprochen [ˈylviːna], erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Röschbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Kanzelbach'' seu ''Kandelbach'' seu ''Ilbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursena Parva]]<ref name="Ursena Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=%C3%96rtze&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertitur.</ref> | Ursene Parvum<ref name="Ursena Parva"/> | ''Kleine Örtze'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Werbe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werve<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Werbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilzsch]] | | ''Wilzsch'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Allerbeeke]] | | ''Allerbeeke'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzucht_(Oker)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name leitet sich hierbei vom lat. Wort ''aquaeductus'' ab. So lautet die Ersterwähnung des Flusses im Jahr 1271 ''Agetucht'' (...)".</ref> | Agetucht Ovacrae | ''Abzucht'' seu ''Wintertalbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Banefe]] | Bannefe | ''Banfe'' seu ''Oberster Fischelbach'' seu ''Fischelbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibara (Schleuse)|Bibara Schleusensis]]<ref name="Bibara Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis"/> | ''Biber'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Colmnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Colmnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Wippera)|Eschbach Wipperae]]<ref name="Eschbach Wipperae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum Lutrae]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Eselsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Greifenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Greifenbach'' seu ''Rotes Wasser'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schapa (flumen)|Schapa]]<ref name="Schapa"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Haselbachium (Saidenbacum)|Haselbachium]]<ref name="Haselbach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/calam1/calaminusrudolphottocarus.html ''RUDOLPHOTTOCARUS AUSTRIACA TRAGOEDIA GEORGIO CALAMINO SILESIO AUCTORE: ACTUS PRIMUS''], ubi dicitur "(...) et apud Haselbachium (...)".</ref> | | ''Haselbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hedera (flumen)|Hedera]]<ref name="Hedera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heder#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Heder wird zwischen 836 und 840 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (''Hedera'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Heder'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iassaffa (Luder)|Iassaffa Luderensis]]<ref name="Iassaffa">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''itre riuus'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Itter'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Knochenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wiggenbach'' seu ''Berlebecke'' seu ''Knochenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Krebsbacum (Tyra)|Krebsbacum Tyrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kuhbacum (Itre)|Kuhbacum Itrense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kuhbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lache (Kincicha)|Lache Kincichae]] | | ''Lache'' seu ''Rodenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- |- | [[Lutturu (Hardna)|Lutturu Hardnae]]<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Lutter&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Lutteru Hardnae<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae"/> | ''Lutter'' seu ''Bielefelder Lutter'' seu ''Weser-Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Michelsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulahgowe]]<ref name="Mulahgowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulach_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt 846 im Gaunamen Maulachgau (''Mulahgouue'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Maulach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Musbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Muosbah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbahc<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můspach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Mußbach'' seu ''Muschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Otimot]]<ref name="Otimot">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autmut#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist im 11. Jahrhundert in den Formen „Otimot“ und „Ottmuot“, im 17. Jahrhundert als „Ottnach“ belegt (...)".</ref> | Ottmuot<ref name="Otimot"/> | ''Autmut'' seu ''Autmutbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pfefferfließ]] | | ''Pfefferfließ'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nieplitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Plohnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Plohnbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Antichensis]]<ref name="Rivus Antichensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Antichensis-e" ad oppidum [[Antiche]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Endenicher Bach'' seu ''Katzenlochbach'' seu ''Lengsdorfer Bach'' seu ''Villiper Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Hachinger]]<ref name="Rivus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Hachinger Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hüllgraben]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Hartmanstorphensis]]<ref name="Rivus Hartmanstorphensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Hartmanstorph]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhartmannsdorf#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte 1368 als Hartmanstorph (...)".</ref> | | ''Großhartmannsdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Sitzenrodaensis|Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis]]<ref name="Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Sitzenrodaer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Sitzenrodaer Bach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Heidebacum (Fossa Nigra)|Heidebacum Fossae Nigrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sandbacum (Presnitz)|Sandbacun Presnitzense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sandbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzenbacum (Naba silvatica)|Schwarzenbacum Nabae Silvaticae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schwarzenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Oenopolis)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Oenopolis|Oenopolitanum]]<ref>Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist "Weinstadt" (...)".</ref> | | ''Schweizerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Gädheim)|Seebach Gädheimense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Prime)|Starzel Primensis]]<ref name="Starzel Primensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Ultimo cui, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...) Starzell diversorium in colle, ad rivulum in Wanpach fluentem (...)".</ref> | Starzell Primense<ref name="Starzel Primensis"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trebnitium]]<ref name="Trebnitium">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Trebenezi<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczya<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczensis<ref name="Trebnitium"/> | ''Trebnitz'' seu ''Trebnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Hasalana)|Westerbacum Hasalanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalana Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wetuffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wettiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfhe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wettfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wetzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wildebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wildebach'' seu ''Wildenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirftbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wirftbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zimmerbacum (Starzel)|Zimmerbacum Starzelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Zimmerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Cunewaldensis]]<ref name="Aqua Cunewaldensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Cunewaldensis-e" ad oppidum [[Cunewalde]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunewalde#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Als Lokator der neuen Ansiedlung wird ein gewisser Henricus de Cunewalde angesehen, (...)".</ref> | | ''Cunewalder Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bewer]] | | ''Bewer'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Biverna (Visurgis)|Biverna Visurgis]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Visurgis<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buhlertalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bühlertalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drusel]] | | ''Drusel'' seu ''Kleine Fulda'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gablenzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gablenzbach'' seu ''Stollberger Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grimmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grimmbach'' seu ''Steinach'' seu ''Grümbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haldenbacum (Remisus, Endersbacum)|Haldenbacum Remisi Endersbachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Endersbacense">Gentilicium "Endersbacensis-e" ad oppidum [[Endersbacum]] (Theodisce ''Endersbach'') refertur.</ref> | | ''Haldenbach'' seu ''Stettener Bach'' seu ''Alter Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helmbacum (Spira)|Helmbacum Spirae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Helmbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Swarza Bavarica)|Huttenbacum Swarzae Bavaricae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Kampfelbacum (flumen)|Kampfelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kämpfelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lohrbacum (Awinpach)|Lohrbacum Awinpachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lohrbach'' seu ''Heinrichsthaler Lohr'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mühlenwasser]] | | ''Mühlenwasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nebelbeeke]] | | ''Nebelbeeke'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Warme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Orbaha]]<ref name="Orbaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_(Kinzig)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wird 1059 als ''Orbaha'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orb'' seu ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pyra Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Pyra'' seu ''Große Bühra'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein, Voggenberger Sägmühle)|Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> seu Rota Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> | ''Rot'' seu ''Kaiserbacher Rot'' seu ''Mosbach'' seu ''Schwarze Rot'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis]]<ref name="Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Brumheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird der Hauptort Bornheim als „Brunheim“ im Bonngau, in der Grafschaft des Grafen Ehrenfried, erstmals am 2. August 945 genannt (...)". Denique, Gentilicium Latinum "Alfterensis-e" Theodiscum ''Alfterer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Alfterer Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mirbach'' seu ''Görresbach'' seu ''Roisdorfer'' seu ''Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Mielenheimensis]]<ref name="Rivus Mielenheimensis]]">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Mielenheimensis-e" ad oppidum [[Mielenheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehlem#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird Mehlem erstmals im April 804 als ''Mielenheim'' genannt, wo dem Bonner Cassiusstift ein Weingut geschenkt wird (...)".</ref> | | ''Mehlemer Bach'' seu ''Eichenackersbach'' seu ''Kernbach'' seu ''Züllighovener Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schaafbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schaafbach'' seu '' Schafbach'' seu ''Ahrmühle'' seu ''Eichholzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Laurissa)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Lorch (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laurissae]] | | ''Schweizerbach'' seu ''Wettenbach'' seu ''Mutlanger Haselbach'' seu ''Haselbach'' seu ''Tannbach'' seu ''Waldauer Bach'' seu ''Alfdorfer Haselbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siesbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Solisbacum (Moenus)|Solisbacum Moeni]]<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Sultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zulsbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> | ''Sulzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sorbitz]] | | ''Sorbitz'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Speltach]] | | ''Speltach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sperrlutter]] | | ''Sperrlutter'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Threne]] | | ''Threne'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulfe (Fuldaha)|Ulfe Fuldahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesser (flumen)|Vesser]] | | ''Vesser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Breitenbacum (Erle)|Breitenbacum Erlense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vischelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Vischelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vulle]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Fulde'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldbacum (Gabelbacum)|Waldbacum Gabelbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' seu ''Mangelsbach'' seu ''Wattbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Walse]] | | ''Walse'' seu ''Sählenbach'' seu ''Beek'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weggentalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weggentalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zschampert]] | | ''Zschampert'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Luppa Vetus|Luppa Vetus]]<ref name="Alte Luppe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "vetus veteris" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aalenbach'' seu ''Äulesbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Wippera)|Biverna Wippera]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Wipperae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brunau (Ursena)|Brunau Ursenae]] | | ''Brunau'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dreisbacum (Ara)|Dreisbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dreisbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dammbacum (Elsava)|Dammbacum Elsavae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dammbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dusebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dusebach'' seu ''Duse'' seu ''Dause'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mühlenwasser]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fischbacum (Gaspentia)|Fischbacum Gaspentiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Fischbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Griessebacum (flumen)|Griessebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grießebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Humme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gronach]] | | ''Gronach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hadoluespach]]<ref name="Hadoluespach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsbach_(Alz) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort Halsbach wird ca. 790 als ''Hadoluespach'' erstmals urkundlich genannt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Halsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hetzbacum (Flöha)|Hetzbacum Flöhae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hetzbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kappelbacum (Zurrega)|Kappelbacum Zurregae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lossnitzbacum (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Lossnitzbacum Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lößnitzbach'' seu ''Affalterbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mooslauter]] | | ''Mooslauter'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lutra (Glan)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mordgrundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Slatina | ''Mordgrundbach'' seu ''Mordgrund'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olepe]]<ref name="Olepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olpe_(Bigge)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt als ''Olepe'' 1120 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Olpe'' seu ''Altenkleusheimer Bach'' seu ''Olpebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rigenbach (Zahme Gera)|Rigenbach Zahmegerense]]<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | Richenbach Zahmegerense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zahme Gera]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Belehemensis]]<ref name="Rivus Belehemensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Belehem]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belm#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Später wurde daraus Belehm (1224), dann Belham (1483)[23] und am Ende Belm. Im Jahre 1853 schlossen sich die Bauerschaften zur Samtgemeinde Belm zusammen (...)".</ref> | | ''Belmer Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Berwangensis]]<ref name="Rivus Berwangensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Berwangen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) Georgius Fridericus Taub, Berwangensis (...)".</ref> | | ''Berwanger Bach'' seu ''Feldgraben'' seu ''Birkenbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Rivus Henrici">Fingitur hydronymum hoc ex informatione de [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrichsbach_(Wachenbach) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Heinrichsbach ist wohl so benannt, weil Kaiser Heinrich IV. einige Zeit in der Umgebung lebte (...)".</ref> | | ''Heinrichswasser'' seu ''Heinrichsbach'' seu ''Cunerichswasser'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wachenbacum (Lara)|Wachenbacum Larae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rissbacum (Iages)|Rissbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rißbach'' seu ''Hollenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotelbacum (Iages)|Rotelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rötelbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rubrum Packaw]]<ref name="Rubrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "rubrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Rote'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Rote Pockau'' seu ''Halbmeilenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schlema (flumen)|Schlema]] | | ''Schlema'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schobse]] | | ''Schobse'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wohlrose]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Onestrudis)|Seebacum Onestrudis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rhenus)|Seebacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suropo (Lena)|Suropo Lenae]]<ref name="Suropo">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo toponymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Obersorpe, Mittelsorpe, Niedersorpe (Stadt Schmallenberg), 1072, 1101–31 Suropo, 1122 Sorbece, 1281–1313, 14. Jh. Sorpe, 14. Jh. Sorp superior, Sorp inferior (...)".</ref> | Sorbece Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorpe Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tonna (flumen)|Tonna]] | | ''Tonna'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulsna|Ůlsna]]<ref name="Ulsna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oelze_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1229 unter dem Namen Ůlsna erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Oelze'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldbacum (Fossa Terrestris)|Waldbacum Fossae Terrestris]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' | align="right" | 10 | Fossa Terrestris<ref name="Landgraben">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "terrestris-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Land-'' vertit.</ref> | ? |} ===Flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Elera (Ruma)|Elera Rumae]]<ref name="Elera Rumae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Elerā in Net influente. De quo ultimo homonymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Elera&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | Elra Rumae<ref name="Elera Rumae"/> |''Eller'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Hombacum)|Finkenbacum Hombacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grana (flumen)|Grana]]<ref name="Granae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grane_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in seinen ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des 12. Jahrhunderts als ''Grana'' in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Grane'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linkenbacum (Aisca)|Linkenbacum Aiscae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Linkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Aisca]]e<ref name="Aisca"/> fossa inundatibilis | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Loufaha]] | Louffa | ''Laufach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Saletio)|Fluvius Molendinorum Saletionis]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | Mühlbach Saletionis<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Rivus Breitenbrunnensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Breitenbrunnensis-e" Theodiscum ''Breitenbrunner'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Breitenbrunner Bach'' seu ''Spitzerbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Nida)|Eschbach Nidae]]<ref name="Eschbach Nidae">Vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | |''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gabelbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grunnelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grunnelbach'' seu ''Grunnel-Bach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rechtenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rechtenbach'' seu ''Kaibach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Dürnach)|Rohrbacum Dürnachense]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Dürnachense">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Dürnach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sinse]]<ref name="Sinse">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e lacū. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Sims&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope lacum Sinse (...)".</ref> | | ''Sims'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swelmenaha]]<ref name="Swelmenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwelme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Schwelme'' geht auf „Swelma auch Swelmna“ zurück. Aber auch vorher wurde der Name schon umgebildet, denn es hieß ursprünglich „Swelmenaha“ (...)".</ref> | Swelma<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> seu Swelmna<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> | ''Schwelme'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beberbacum (Schuntra)|Beberbacum Schuntrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Beberbach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Flöthe|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6the#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Alte Bezeichnungen des Ortes sind 780–802 Flathi</ref> seu Flatide<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flothethe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Vlothe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flotethe<ref name="Flotide"/> | Flathi''' seu '''Flatide''' seu '''Flothethe''' seu '''Vlothe''' seu '''Flotethe''' | ''Flöthe'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seebacum (Erlenbacum)|Seebacum Erlenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Usa)|Seebacum Usae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wublitz]] | | ''Wublitz'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Nemaninga)|Brombacum Nemaningae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCmling#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Römer nannten den Fluss ''Nemaninga'' (...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als ''Mimilingum'' war im Jahre 741, die folgenden Schreibweisen sind dann 798 ''Mimelinga'' und ''Mimininga'', 819 ''Mimilingum'' und ''Mimelingen'', 1012 ''Minimingaha'' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Goldbacum (Saletio)|Goldbacum Saletionis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grenzau (Suale)|Grenzau Sualense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Wizmoin)|Kapellenbacum Wizmoinense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Meizenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Meizenbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nahrenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nährenbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Geesensis|Rivus Geësensis]]<ref name="Rivus Geësensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Geësensis-e" Theodiscum ''Geeser'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Geeser Bach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzaha (Helmana)|Salzaha Helmanae]]<ref name="Salzaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis toponymis Theodisce ''Salza''. De his ultimis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Salsa Helmanae | ''Salza'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swartzpach (Mittweida Magna)|Swartzpach Mittweidae Magnae]]<ref name="Swartzpach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Gro%C3%9Fe_Mittweida)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss trägt denselben Namen wie die erstmals 1240 urkundlich als „Swartzpach“ erwähnte Siedlung (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weysluthera]]<ref name="Weysluthera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbach_(Kahl)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Gewässername ''Western'' (um 1282 ''Weysluthera'' genannt) (...)".</ref> | ''Westerbach'' seu ''Westernbach'' seu ''Westernkahl'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbeke]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ghelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Gelmke'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Remisus)|Lutra Remisi]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Isana)|Seebacum Isanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Ohe Magnum)|Seebacum Ohis Magni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Sala)|Seebacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Flotide)|Westerbacum Flotidense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziegelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ziegelbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Finkenbacum)|Brombacum Finkenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Speltach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Himmelsbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | | ''Hofbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra Alba|Lutra Alba]]<ref name="Lutra Alba">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weiße'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weiße Lauter'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Patra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Patris<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Pathera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Pader'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Asbachensis]]<ref name="Rivus Asbachensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Asbachensis-e" Theodiscum ''Asbacher'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Asbacher Bach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Isara)|Seebacum Isarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Loufaha)|Seebacum Loufahae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Loufaha]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Steinlach)|Seebacum Steinlachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/17.August.html Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten], ubi dicitur "(...) Locum ipsum duo rivi, unus a meridie, ab incolis '''Muda (die Mud)''' alter ab oriente, vulgo '''Billbach''' dictus, præterfluunt (...)".</ref> | | ''Billbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- [[Brombacum (Hemisa)|Brombacum Hemisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Echtbach'' seu ''Hilpertsklingenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Chinzechun)|Erlenbacum Chinzechunense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Seebacum)|Huttenbacum Seebacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Bünzau)|Kapellenbacum Bünzauense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Bünzau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rezat)|Seebacum Rezatense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Liubasa)|Fluvius Molendinorum Liubasae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hosewasch]] | Hoswaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> seu Hosewaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Hosewasch'' seu ''Hoswaschbach'' seu ''Hosewaschbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra Nigra]]<ref name="Lutra Nigra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarze'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Lauter'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Buchbacum)|Seebacum Buchbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Murga)|Seebacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biske]] | | ''Biske'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Braunsel]] | | ''Braunsel'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bründelgraben]] | | ''Bründelgraben'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Alcmana)|Fluvius Molendinorum Alcmanae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Himmelsbacum)|Huttenbacum Himmelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kesselbacum (Aach Zwiveltense)|Kesselbacum in Aach Zwiveltense]] | | ''Kesselbach'' seu ''Kessel Aach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Laxbach'' seu ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Echtbacum)|Seebacum Echtbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urspring]] | | ''Urspring'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Weihermuhlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weihermühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Pfeffer (rivus)|Pfeffer]] | | ''Pfeffer'' | align="right" | 0.5 | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnbacensis (Nicer)|Brunnbacensis Niceri]]<ref name="Brunnbacensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e monasterio. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockau#Geschichte articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae de huius monasterii oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) (lateinisch ''Monasterium Brunnbacensis'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Bronnbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Alcmana)|Kapellenbacum Alcmanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus de Tosingen]]<ref name="Rivus de Tosingen">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et [[Syntagma (grammaticum)|syntagma]] "de Tosingen" ad oppidum [[Tosingen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [[:de:Deising (Riedenburg)|articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Auftreten eines Ortsadels lässt sich mit dem zwischen 1147 und 1160 auftretenden „Ainwic de Tosingen“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Deisinger Bach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Springe (rivus)|Springe]] | | ''Springe'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Smiehe Parvum]]<ref name="Smiehe Parvum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |} ===Flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Hofbacum)|Brombacum Hofbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Nagalda)|Brombacum Nagaldae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Rota)|Brombacum Rotae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Rura)|Brombacum Rurae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Sinisbach)|Brombacum Sinisbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Wiscoz)|Brombacum Wiscozense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brumbacum (Wippera)|Brumbacum Wipperae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brumbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grenzau (Arle)|Grenzau Arlense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Imme]] | | ''Imme'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Ruhland)|Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)". Gentilicium "Ruhlandensis-e" Theodiscum ''Ruhlander'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ruhlander Schwarzwasser'' | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olbe]] | | ''Olbe'' | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Gohhusia)|Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter. De toponymo "Gohhusia", vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchsen#Geschichtearticulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wurde der Ort unter dem Namen ''Gohhusia'' im Jahr 758 erwähnt (...)"</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | ? | ? |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Mulda)|Rivulus Niger Muldae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Rotbacum)|Rivulus Niger Rotbacensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Struga (flumen)|Struga]] | | ''Struga'' | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Veerde]] | | ''Veerde'' | ? | ? |- | [[Weißer Schöps]] | | ''Weißer Schöps'' | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae| ]] [[Categoria:Indices fluminum|Germania]] ff52dywzkqqwjp23mx2v56r1plfht3q 0 5793 3960439 3813549 2026-05-18T10:22:34Z -wuppertaler 64557 changed one image (higher resolution) 3960439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} '''Principatus Lichtensteni'''<ref>"Lichtenstenum", e.g., ''[[Latinitas (periodicum)]]'', [https://books.google.ru/books?id=ViFHAQAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Lichtenstenum vol. XXXIII-XXXXIV, 1985, p. 206], etc.</ref> ([[Theodisce]]: ''Fürstentum Liechtenstein'') est [[civitas sui iuris|civitas]] in [[Europa Occidentalis|Europa Occidentali]] sita. Princeps eius [[Ioannes-Adam II]] (Hans-Adam II) nominatur. Terra Lichtensteni ad [[Austria]]m ac [[Helvetia]]m est, qua de causa [[moneta (pecunia)|moneta]] sua [[Francus]] est. Lingua publica est [[lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]]. Lichtenstenum est una minimarum civitatum Europae. Hanc terram fere 37&thinsp;000 homines habitant (anno [[2014]]). Lichtensteno undecim [[commune|communia]] sunt: [[Balzers]], [[Eschen]], [[Gamprin]], [[Mauren]], [[Planken]], [[Ruggell]], [[Schaan]], [[Schellenberg]], [[Triesen]], [[Triesenberg]] et [[Vaduz]]. In commune Triesenberg est etiam statio [[nartatio]]nis [[Malbun]]. Lichtenstenum ad [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] non pertinet, sed [[Spatium oeconomicum Europaeum|Spatio oeconomico Europaeo]] pars est huius communis mercati. == Ecclesia catholica == In Lichtensteno est etiam sedes archiepiscopalis [[Ecclesia catholica|catholica]], [[archidioecesis]] ([[Archidioecesis Vadutiensis]]) anno [[1997]] creata est. Praesens et primus [[archiepiscopus]] est [[Volfangus Haas]]. == Historia == Die [[23 Ianuarii]] [[1719]] [[Carolus VI (imperator)|Carolus VI]] [[Imperator Romanus Sacer|Imperator]] Lichtenstenum ad nomen principatus sustulit. A fine [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Imperii Sacri Romani]] civitas libera est. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Ls-map.png|Tabula geographica Lichtensteni Liechtenstein asv2022-10 img22 Vaduz Schloss.jpg|Dulcis vallis Castellum Liechtenstein asv2022-10 img02 Vaduz Aussicht beim Schloss.jpg|Dulcis vallis, Lichtensteni caput </gallery> ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Consociatio Europaea liberi commercii]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Liechtenstein|Lichtenstenum}} {{Grc|Λευχεντία}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Europa}} {{Capsae collectae|Lichtenstenum|politica|{{Principes Lichtensteni}}{{Adrianus Hasler}}}} [[Categoria:Condita 1719]] [[Categoria:Europa Occidentalis]] [[Categoria:Lichtenstenum]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Monarchiae constitutionales]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} dgdktyhje6nefhso1mso7gcgumhcogb 0 6841 3960272 3865603 2026-05-17T20:21:26Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 /* Natales */ Innocentius XI. papa tres dies serius natus est. 3960272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Maii}} '''16 Maii''' dies 136ª anni est (137ª in [[Annus bisextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|Calendario Gregoriano]]. 229 dies manent. Secundum [[Calendarium Romanum]] est ''ante diem decimum septimum Kalendas Iunias'', quae a.d. XVII Kal. Iun. abbreviantur. == Eventa == === Saeculo 18 === * [[1770]] - [[Ludovicus XVI]], rex [[Francia]]e [[Maria Antonia Austriaca (regina Franciae)|Mariam Antoniam Austriacam]] in matrimonium duxit. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1920]] - [[Ioanna de Arc]] canonizata est. * [[1929]] - [[Praemia Academiae]] (vulgo ''Oscar'') primo tempore data sunt. * [[1943]] - In [[Varsovia]] seditio contra [[Nazista]]s in vico clauso [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]] suppressa est. * [[1966]] - In [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Re Publica Populari Sinarum]] duce [[Mao Zedong]] [[Magna Culturae Conversio Proletariana]] coepta est. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2003]] - [[Alcaeda]]e insidiae in civitate Casablanca (Marroco) factae, 32 homines mortui sunt. * [[2007]] **[[Nicolaus Sarkozy]] praeses [[Francia]]e factus est. **[[Alexander Salmond]] primus minister [[Scotia]]e factus est. * [[2012]] - [[Panagiotes Pikrammenos]] pro tempore novus praeses ministrorum [[Graecia]]e nominatus est successor est [[Lucas Papademos]]. * [[2014]] - [[Narendra Modi]], factionis BJP ductor, in comitiis [[India]]e nationalibus victoriam reportat. == Natales == === Saeculo 16 === * [[1513]] - [[Antonius Franciscus Doni]], scriptor [[Italia|Italicus]], mortuus anno [[1574]]. === Saeculo 18 === * [[1776]] - [[Ludovicus Lambruschini]], cardinalis [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1854]]. * [[1788]] - [[Fridericus Rückert]], [[poeta]] et sermonum orientalium peritus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1866]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1801]] - [[Gulielmus Henricus Seward]], rerum politicorum peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1872]]. * [[1817]] - [[Nicolaus Kostomarov]], historicus [[Russia|Russicus]] et [[Ucraina|Ucrainicus]] (mortuus [[1885]]). * [[1821]] - [[Paphnutius Čebyšëv]], mathematicus [[Russia|Russicus]] (mortuus [[1894]]). * [[1824]] - [[Levi Parsons Morton]], [[Praeses vicarius Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]; mortuus est anno [[1920]]. * [[1887]] - [[Inguarus Severjanin|Inguarus (Igor) Severjanin]], poeta [[Russia|Russicus]] (mortuus [[1941]]). * [[1891]] - [[Richardus Tauber]], illustris cantor accurate [[tenor]] [[Austria]]cus; mortuus est anno [[1948]]. * [[1899]] - [[Alfredus Fabre-Luce]], [[scriptor]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Francia|Francicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1983]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1905]] - [[Henricus Fonda]], histrio [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[1982]]. * [[1910]] - [[Helga Bergholz|Helga (Olga) Bergholz]], poetria et scriptrix [[URSS|Sovietica]] (mortua [[1975]]). * [[1915]] - [[Marius Monicelli]], moderator cinematographicus [[Italia|Italicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2010]]. * [[1917]] - [[Georgius Gaynes]], histrio [[Finnia|Finno]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2016]]. * [[1919]] - [[Albertus Osswald]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[1996]]. * [[1921]] - [[Henricus Carey minor]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2012]]. * [[1922]] - [[Otmar Suitner]], [[concentus magister]] [[Austria]]cus; mortuus est anno [[2010]]. * [[1923]] - [[Merton Howard Miller]], oeconomiae peritus [[CFA|Americanus]]; mortuus est anno [[2000]]. * [[1924]] - [[Dawda Jawara]], primus minister et praeses [[Gambia]]e; mortuus est anno [[2019]]. * [[1929]] - [[Hadriana Rich]], [[scriptrix]] [[poëtria]] et praeceptrix [[CFA|Americana]], quae pro [[ius|iuribus]] mulierum pugnavit; mortua est anno [[2012]]. * [[1936]] **[[Carolus Lehmann]], cardinalis [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2018]]. **[[Manfredus Stolpe]], vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]; mortuus est anno [[2019]]. * [[1937]] - [[Robertus B. Wilson]], oeconomus [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[1938]] - [[Stuart Bell]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]] factionis [[Factio Laboris|Laboris]]; mortuus est anno [[2012]]. * [[1950]] - [[J. Georgius Bednorz]], physicus [[Germania|Germanicus]]. * [[1951]] - [[Christianus Lacroix]], sumptuosorum [[vestis|vestum]] factor et magister officinarum [[Francia|Francicus]]. * [[1953]] - [[Pierce Brosnan]], histrio [[Hibernia (res publica)|Hibernicus]]. * [[1957]] - [[Georgius Ševčuk]], musicus, compositor, poeta et cantor [[Russia|Russicus]]. * [[1961]] - [[Kevin McDonald]], actor [[CFA|Americanus]]. * [[1965]] - [[Mehmet Murat İldan]], scriptor [[Turcia|Turcus]] * [[1966]] - [[Janet Jackson]], cantrix [[CFA|Americana]]. * [[1972]] - [[Andreas Duda]], praeses [[Polonia]]e. * [[1974]] - [[Laura Pausini]], cantrix [[Italia|Italica]]. * [[1977]] - [[Aemiliana Torrini]], cantrix et compositrix [[Islandia|Islandica]]. * [[1978]] - [[Iacobus Sturgess]], actor et musicus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]. * [[1980]] - [[Ioannes Spahn]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Germania|Germanicus]]. * [[1993]] - [[IU]], cantrix [[Respublica Coreae|Coreana]]. == Mortes == === Saeculo 13 === * [[1268]] - [[Petrus II Sabaudiae|Petrus II]], comes [[Comitatus Sabaudiae|Sabaudiae]], [[Augusta Praetoria|Augustae Praetoriae]], [[Mauriana]]e; natus est anno [[1263]]. === Saeculo 18 === * [[1703]] - [[Carolus Perrault]], scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]] (natus [[1628]]). * [[1706]] - [[Christianus Röhrensee]], studiosus rerum [[ethica]]rum et [[politica]]rum [[Germania|Germanicus]]; natus est anno [[1641]]. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1830]] - [[Ioannes Baptista Iosephus Fourier]], mathematicus et physicus [[Francia|Francicus]] (natus [[1786]]). * [[1882]] - [[Reuben Chapman]], gubernator [[Alabama]]e; natus est anno [[1799]]. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1913]] - [[Ludovicus Perrier]], vir publicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; natus est anno [[1849]]. * [[1920]] - [[Levi Parsons Morton]], [[Praeses vicarius Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]; natus est anno [[1824]]. * [[1953]] - [[Nicolaus Rădescu]], miles et vir publicus [[Romania|Dacoromanicus]]; natus est anno [[1874]]. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2012]] - [[Norbertus Burger]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] factionis [[SPD]] et praefectus urbis [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]; natus est anno [[1932]]. * [[2013]] - [[Henricus Rohrer]], physicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]; natus est anno [[1933]]. * [[2016]] - [[David Rendel]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]]; natus est anno [[1949]]. * [[2019]] **[[Robertus Hawke]], primus minister [[Australia]]e; natus est anno [[1929]]. **[[I. M. Pei]], architectus [[Sinae (regio)|Sino]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]; natus est anno [[1917]]. * [[2024]] - [[Dabney Coleman]], histrio Americanus; natus est anno [[1932]]. == Festa et Feriae == * Dies Nationalis ([[Sudania Australis]]) * Sanctus Brendan ([[Hibernia]]) {{dies-stipula}} {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] geeyxmi4dasw4anl7iv7wxo73klxl0x 0 6876 3960274 3890714 2026-05-17T20:32:13Z Bis-Taurinus 70496 Paginam partim redegi. 3960274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Maii}} '''19 Maii''' [[dies]] 139ª anni est (140ª [[Annus bisextilis|anni bisextilis]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 226 dies manent. Haec dies secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem decimum quartum Kalendas Iunias''', quae a.d. XIV Kal. Iun. abbreviantur. [[Fasciculus:StgregoryII.jpg|thumb|left|95px|[[Gregorius II]] papa]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 8 === * [[715]] - [[Gregorius II]] [[papa]] fit. === Saeculo 19 === * [[1802]] - [[Neapoleo|Neapoleo Bonaparte]] [[Legio Honoris|legionem honoris]] constituit. * [[1822]] - [[Augustinus de Iturbide]], imperator primus [[Mexicum|Mexici]] nominatur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1910]] - [[Cometa Halleiensis]] terram praetervolat; multi homines finem mundi timent, quamquam astronomici ullum periculum esse negaverant. * [[1993]] - [[Heida Simonis]] ([[SPD]]) successor [[Björn Engholm]] praeses ministrorum [[Slesvicum et Holsatia|Slesvici et Holsatiae]] eligitur. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2016]] - [[Egypt Air Volatus 804]] [[aëroplanum]] prope [[Aegyptus|Aegyptum]] in mare praecipitat. * [[2023]] - Conventus [[G8|Gregis 7]] [[Hiroshima]]e fit (ad diem [[21 Maii]]) == Natales == === Saeculo 17 === * [[1611]] - [[Innocentius XI]], papa (†&nbsp;[[1689]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1762]] - [[Ioannes Fichtius]], philosophus [[Germania|Germanicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1814]]) * [[1782]] - [[Ioannes Paskevič]], dux militum [[Imperium Russicum|Russicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1856]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1849]] - [[Hadrianus Lachenal]], vir publicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]](†&nbsp;[[1918]]) * [[1860]] - [[Victorius Emanuel Orlando]], primus minister [[Italia]]e (†&nbsp; [[1952]]) * [[1881]] - [[Mustapha Cemal Ataturcus]], praeses [[Turcia]]e (mortuus [[1938]]) * [[1882]] - [[Mahometus Mossadeq]], primus minister [[Irania]]e (†&nbsp;[[1967]]) * [[1890]] - [[Hồ Chí Minh]], primus minister et praeses [[Vietnamia]]e (mortuus [[1969]]) * [[1896]] - [[Georgius Alessandri Rodríguez]], praeses [[Chilia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1986]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1908]] - [[Rudolphus Dahlgrün]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis factionis [[FDP]] (†&nbsp;[[1969]]) * [[1909]] - [[Nicolaus Georgius Winton]], philanthropus [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (†&nbsp;[[2015]]) * [[1910]] - [[Nathuram Godse]], interfector [[India|Indicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1949]]) * [[1914]] - [[Maximus Ferdinandus Perutz]], chemicus [[Austria|Austro]]-[[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicus]] (†&nbsp;[[2002]]) * [[1916]] - [[Blair Lee III]], rerum politicarum peritus [[CFA|Americanus]] (†&nbsp;[[1985]]) * [[1925]] **[[Malcolmus X]], propugnator iurum hominum nigritarum Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1965]]) **[[Pol Pot]], dictator [[Cambodia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1998]]) * [[1930]] - [[Rudolphus Kálmán]], [[mathematicus]] Americo-[[Hungaria|Hungaricus]] (†&nbsp;2016) * [[1931]] - [[Alfredus Schmidt]], philosophus Germanicus (†&nbsp;[[2012]]) * [[1941]] - [[Nora Ephron]], moderatrix cinematographica Americana (†&nbsp;2012) * [[1946]] - [[Michael Placido]], [[histrio]] Italicus * [[1953]] - [[Victoria Wood]], actrix et comoeda Anglica (†&nbsp;2016) * [[1955]] - [[Iacobus Gosling]], scientista computatralis [[Canada|Canadiensis]] * [[1956]] - [[Oliverius Letwin]], rerum politicarum peritus Britannicus factionis [[Factio Conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|Conservativae]] * [[1963]] - [[Henricus Weixelbraun]], [[histrio]] [[televisio|televisificus]] et [[theatrum|theatralis]] Austriacus * 1967 - [[Alexia (cantrix)|Alexia]], cantrix Italica * [[1979]] ** [[Didacus Forlán]], pedilusor [[Uruguaia]]nus ** [[Andreas Pirlo]], pedilusor Italicus == Mortes == === Saeculo 9 === * [[804]] - [[Flaccus Albinus Alcuinus]], [[monachus]] (natus circiter [[735]]) === Saeculo 12 === * [[1125]] - [[Vladimirus II Monomachus]], magnus dux [[Ducatus Kioviensis|Kioviae]] (natus [[1053]]) === Saeculo 13 === * [[1218]] - [[Otto IV (imperator)|Otto IV]], [[Imperator Romanus Sacer]] (*&nbsp;[[1175]]) * [[1296]] - [[Caelestinus IV]], papa (*&nbsp;[[1215]]) === Saeculo 14 === * [[1389]] - [[Demetrius (magnus dux Moscoviae)|Demetrius Tanaiticus]], magnus dux [[Moscovia]]e (natus [[1350]]) === Saeculo 16 === * [[1536]] - [[Anna Bolina]], [[Henricus VIII|Henrici VIII]] Angliae et Hiberniae regis secunda uxor (nata [[1509]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1647]] - [[Sebastianus Vrancx]], pictor [[Flandria|Flandricus]] (natus [[1573]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1840]] - [[Ioannes Adair]], gubernator [[Kentukia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1757]]) * [[1864]] - [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]], [[scriptor]] Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1804]]) * [[1866]] - [[Salomon Ludovicus Steinheim]], [[medicus]], [[theologus]], [[philosophus]] et eruditus Germanicus (*&nbsp;[[1789]]) * [[1898]] ** [[Gulielmus Ewart Gladstone]], [[primus minister Britanniarum Regni]] (*&nbsp;[[1809]]) ** [[Oran Milo Roberts]], gubernator [[Texia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1815]]) === Saeculo 20 === * 1918 - [[Ferdinandus Hodler]], pictor Helveticus (*&nbsp;[[1853]]) * [[1924]] - [[Maria Bernarda Bütler]], [[evangelium|evangelii]] praeco [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholica]] et ordinis religiosi conditrix (*&nbsp;[[1848]]) * [[1939]] - [[Carolus Radek]], [[vir publicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Placita Marxiana|marxianus]], qui in [[Polonia]], Germania et in [[URSS|Unione Sovietica]] operam dedit, supplicio affectus est (natus [[1885]]). * [[1948]] - [[Franciscus Alonso]], [[compositor]] [[Hispania|Hispanicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1887]]) * 1963 - [[Aloysius Hudal]], Ecclesiae catholicae [[episcopus]] et theologus (*&nbsp;[[1885]]) * [[1984]] - [[Ioannes Betjeman]], scriptor, [[poeta]] et diurnarius Britannicus (*&nbsp;[[1906]]) * [[1994]] - [[Iacoba Kennedy Onassis]], Prima Domina CFA (*&nbsp;[[1929]]) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2011]] ** [[Michael Bell]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Hibernia|Hibernicus]] factionis Labour (*&nbsp;[[1936]]) ** [[Garret FitzGerald]], primus minister Hiberniae (*&nbsp;[[1926]]) * [[2014]] - [[Iacobus Brabham]], autocinetor [[Australia]]nus (*&nbsp;1926) * [[2015]] - [[Robertus Salomon Wistrich]], historicus Britannicus (*&nbsp;[[1945]]) * [[2016]] - [[Marcus Pannella]], rerum politicarum peritus Italicus (*&nbsp;1930) * [[2024]] - [[Ibraimus Ra’īsī]], politicus est iuris consultus Iranicus (*&nbsp;[[1960]]) * [[2025]] - [[Georgius Grigorovič]], saltator et choreographus ballationis [[URSS|Sovieticus]] et [[Russia|Russicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1927]]) == Festa et Feriae == * Dies natalis Ho Chi Minh (Vietnamia) * Dies natalis Ataturci (Turcia) * Dies Malcolmi X (CFA) * Dies memoriae [[genocidium|genocidii]] Graecorum Portici {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] iesuwhqlq22h4dasogwgjs67hc6pytq 0 7455 3960311 3931641 2026-05-18T02:02:27Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Cassini-science-br.jpg|thumb|250px|Descriptio artistica de relativitate generale probatione quadam instrumento speculatorio spatiali [[Cassini-Huygens|Cassini]] facta. Monstrata sunt signalia [[radiophonum|radiophonica]] inter [[Tellus|Tellurem]] et instrumentum (unda viridis), quae prope solem tardantur ob flexionem spatii temporisque (lineae caerulae) ibi.]] '''Relativitas generalis,''' seu '''theoria relativitatis generalis,''' est theoria [[physica]] de [[vis|vi]] [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]] ab [[Albertus Einstein|Alberto Einstein]] anno [[1915]] edita. Quae theoria [[relativitas specialis|theoriam relativitatis specialis Einsteinianam]] et [[gravitas (physica)|theoriam gravitatis Newtonianam]] coniungit, adamussim considerando [[corpus|corporis]] motum e perspectiva ubi corporis [[acceleratio]] gravitatis causa est effectus flexionis [[continuum spatio-temporale|spatio-temporalis]]. Einstein, novam theoriam petens, in [[gravitas (physica)|Principium Aequivalentiae]] et in [[geometria differentialis]] de superficiebus curvis maxime confisus est. [[Aequatio Einsteniana]], quae curvaturam spatio-temporalem ad tensorem <math>T_{\mu\nu}</math> energiae-motusque attribuit, patefacit clarissimum ''constantem cosmologicum'' <math>\Lambda</math>, qui sicut [[vacuum|vacui]] energia interpretari potest. Quamquam theoriae cum multis observationibus terrestialibus congruit, [[physicus|physici periti]] multum sollicitati sunt ob problemata de valore <math>\Lambda</math>, deque possibili incongruentia cum observationibus subtilibus [[Fragor Maximus|expansionis mundi universi]], deque incongruentia cum [[mechanica quantica|theoria quantica]]. == De limitibus theoriae Newtonianae == [[Fasciculus:Relativistic precession.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Secundum theoriam Newtonianam, omnibus aliis planetis absentibus, circum corpus massivum planeta quaedam eandem [[ellipsem]] perfectam (gyrum rubrum) iterum interumque sequitur aeterniter. Alii planetae praesentes efficiunt hanc ellipsem paulatim precessare (gyrum caerulum). Relativitatis generalis causa, autem, precessio ab astronomis theoria Newtoniana praecenta discrepat cum precessione Mercuii anno [[1859]] observata.]] === Quid Newtonus de sua lege sentiret === Anno [[1687]], [[Isaacus Newtonus]] in libro ''[[Leges motus Newtoni|Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]]'' legem mathematicam de gravitatis vi inter corpora deduxit veram, omnia gyra planetarum circum solem adamussim explanans. Lex quam Newtonus deduxit ab legibus [[Iohannes Keplerus|Keplerianis]] fuit:<ref>Raymond A. Serway et John W. Jewett, ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers,'' 6a ed. (Brooks/Cole, 2004). ISBN 0-534-40842-7.</ref> :::<math>\vec \mathbf{F}_{12} = - G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}\, \mathbf{\hat{r}}_{12}</math> ubi * <math>\vec \mathbf{F}_{12}</math> est vis attractus in corpus 1 ob corpus 2, * ''G'' est [[constans gravitatis]] quod valet vere ac 6.67 × 10^-11 Nm²/kg², * ''m''₁ et ''m''₂ sunt massae corporum, * ''r'' est intervallum inter media corpora, et * <math> \mathbf{\hat{r}}_{12} \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \frac{\vec \mathbf{r}_1 - \vec \mathbf{r}_2}{\vert \vec \mathbf{r}_1 - \vec \mathbf{r}_2\vert} </math> est directio ad corpus 1 a corpore 2. Newtonus autem ipse hanc legem credidit imperfectam, quod, secundum eam, vires gravitationales sine ulla mora per spatium translatae sunt.<ref>Scholium Generale: Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Secunda Editio, anno [[1713]] </ref> === De quanto precessio Mercurii a theoria discrepet === Saecula duo haec theoria Newtoniana classica summa ratio fuit, usque ad annum [[1859]] cum astronomi patefecerunt discrepantiam inter precessionem perihelii [[Mercurius (planeta)|Mercurii]] observatam et precessionem aequationibus Newtonianis computatam.<ref>[http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1859AnPar...5....1L Urbain Le Verrier "Theorie du Mouvement de Mercure" (195 pages, 17.6 MB)]</ref> Discrepabant, ut tabula infera monstrat, solo circiter 43 arcus secundis rotationis in quoque saeculo. <ref name="perhihelion">[http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v320/n6057/abs/320039a0.html Anna M. Nobili & Clifford M. Will, The real value of Mercury's perihelion advance], ''Nature'' 320, 39 (1986); [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/Relativity/GR/mercury_orbit.html situs interretialis.]</ref> {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="2" align="center" |- align="center" style="background:#A0A0ff;border: 2px solid #7070ff" |+ '''Causae precessionis perihelii Mercurii observatae a Tellure.'''<ref name="perhihelion"/> |- align="center" style="background:#A0A0ff;border: 2px solid #7070ff" | Quantitas precessionis praecenta (arcus sec./saec.) || Causa |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 5025.6 || Motus coordinatarum ob precessionem Telluris |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 531.4 || Impulsus gravitationales aliorum planetarum |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 0.0254 || Protuberantia in figura Solis |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 42.98±0.04 || Relativitas generalis |- align="center" style="background:#A0A0ff;border: 2px solid #7070ff" | Precessio Universa || Praecenta aut Observata |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 5600.0±0.2 || Praecenta |- align="center" style="background:#E0E0ff;" | 5599.7±0.1 || Observata |}<!--Although earlier measurements of planetary orbits were made using conventional telescopes, the most accurate measurements are now made with [[Radar astronomy|radar]]. The total observed precession of Mercury is 5600 [[arc-second]]s per century with respect to the position of the [[vernal equinox]] of the Sun. This precession is due to the following causes (the numbers quoted are the modern values):--> Nemo poterat suspicari discrepantiam tam parvulam esse indicium novae theoriae eam Newtonianam surrogaturae! === De incongruentia cum principio relativitatis === Nova [[relativitas specialis|relativitatis specialis]] theoria, ab Alberto Einstein anno [[1905]] prolata, multa experimenta explicavit, sed contraria erat theoriae gravitatis Newtonianae. Secundum relativitatis specialis principia:<ref name="meaning">A. Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity, Including the Relativistic Theory of the Non-Symmetric Field, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1922</ref> * Omnes vires infra [[celeritas luminis|lucis celeritatem]] movendae sunt, sed secundum theoriam Newtonianam vires gravitationales trans distantias inter corpora fiunt sine mora, quae res Newtonum ipsum multum sollicitabat; * Corporis massa a celeritate sua dependet, sed haec dependentia efficit ut magnitudo gravitatis, celeritate tantum mutans, principium relativitatis plene violet. Quam ob rem Einstein novam theoriam gravitatis mox petiturus erat. Nova theoria relativitatis generalis ambo problemata solvit: omnes vires gravitationales celeritate lucis movent et magnitudo gravitatis tantum corporis celeritate mutat, ut principium relativitatis conservetur. Nova theoria quoque adamussim precessionis perihelii Mercurii discrepantiam explanavit. == Principia relativitatis generalis == === Principium aequivalentiae === [[Fasciculus:Elevator gravity.svg|thumb|upright=1|Pila solum similiter cadit, et in [[rucheta]] accelerata (cui imago ad laevam) et in Tellure (ad dextram).]] Einstein, novam theoriam petens, maxime confisus est in [[Gravitas (physica)|Principium Aequivalentiae]], quae ad systemata coordinatorum spectat, in forma: : ''Physicae leges in gravitatis campo esse identicas legibus in systemate coordinatorum accelerato'', quam postea Einstein dicit fuisse ''felicissimam cogitationem suae vitae.'' Percepit Einstein quod, secundum hoc principium, cum lucis traiectoria est curva in rucheta accelerata, tam curva necesse est prope corpus massivum. Et, quod in rucheta omnes effectus ob accelerationem per coordinatorum transformationes dantur, possumus expectare omnes effectus prope corpus massivum ob gravitatem per coordinatorum mutationes dari. Secundum principium relativitatis, non possumus per experimenta localia nostrum motum constantem detegere. Item, secundum principium aequivalentiae, non possumus distinguere inter motum constantem et motum libere cadendi. Ideo, quod libere cadendi status quodam transformationum coordinatorum effectu correspondet, necesse est quod omnes leges physicas sint ''covariantes'' sub coordinatorum transformationibus, id est ut legum forma sit immutabilis sub coordinatorum tranformationibus. === De tensore metrico gravitate absente === [[Fasciculus:Spacetime_curvature.png|upright=1.5|thumb|Secundum theoriam relativitatis generalis, materia ipsa natura flectit spatium et tempus, unde est vis gravitatis. Difficilis est animo fictu flexio dimensionum trium, difficilior quattuor, ergo haec imago modo monstrat flexionem duarum.]] Einstein, ad theoriam relativitatis generalis conficiendam, usus est theoria geometriae differentialis [[Bernardus Riemann|Bernardi Riemann]] et [[Carolus Fridericus Gauss|Caroli Gauss]] de superficiebus curvis. Hac in theoria per tensorem <math>g_{\mu\nu}</math> metricum habemus intervallum differentiale quadratum ::<math>ds^2=g_{\mu\nu}\,dx^{\mu}\,dx^{\nu}</math> inter duo puncta <math>x^\mu</math> et <math>x^\mu+dx^\mu</math>. Habemus quoque contextu spatio-temporali gravitate absente <math>dx^{\mu}=(dx,dy,dz,cdt)</math> et ::<math> g_{\mu\nu} = \begin{pmatrix} 1&0&0&0\\ 0&1&0&0\\ 0&0&1&0\\ 0&0&0&-1 \end{pmatrix}\, </math>. Cum tensor <math>g_{\mu\nu}</math> partes seu componentes habet quae a positione temporeque dependent, id est si <math>g_{\mu\nu}=g_{\mu\nu}(x^{\mu},t)</math>, hoc significat [[spatium quattuor dimensionum]], id est [[spatium|trium directionum]] ac [[tempus|temporis]], deformatum est, sicut in figura supera videri potest. === De tensore metrico prope corpus massivum irrotans === Aequationes Einstenianas circum massivum corpus ([[massa]] M) irrotans sequentem solutionem habent, quae a Schwarzschild anno [[1916]] patefacta est,<ref>K. Schwarzschild, "Uber das Gravitationsfeld eines Massenpunktes nach der Einsteinschen Theorie", Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fur Mathematik, Physik, und Technik, 189 (1916); K. Schwarzschild, "Uber das Gravitationsfeld einer Kugel aus inkompressibler Flussigkeit nach der Einsteinschen Theorie", Sitzungsberichte der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fur Mathematik, Physik, und Technikm 424 (1916).</ref> :::<math> ds^2 = - c^2 \left( 1 - {2Gm \over c^2 r} \right) dt^2 + \left( 1 - {2Gm \over c^2 r} \right)^{-1} dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2 </math>, unde <math>d\Omega^2 = d\theta^2 + \sin^2\theta\; d\phi^2</math> est elementus anguli solidi infinitesimalis et [[coordinata polaria|coordinatis polaribus]] <math>x^{\mu}=(r\, \sin\theta\, \cos\phi, r\, \sin\theta\, \sin\phi, r\, \sin\theta, ct)\,</math>. [[Fasciculus:BH LMC.png|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Foramen nigrum]] apud nubem Megallanicam.]] Secundum hanc solutionem corpus quodlibet cuius radius est minor quam ''radius Schwarzschildianus'' :::<math> r_s = \frac{2GM}{c^2}</math> in '''[[foramen nigrum]]''' transformatur.<ref>[[lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: black hole</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111120184631/http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v55/i4/p374_1 "On Massive Neutron Cores"], J. R. Oppenheimer and G. M. Volkoff, Physical Review 55, 374 (1939).</ref> Intra regionem radii Schwarzschildiani, tam curvum est continuum spatiotemporale, ut ne lux quidem ex interiore parte exire possit (haec est ratio nominis ''atri'') et omnia quae in foramen nigrum cadant semper in eo loco perseverabunt. === De motu geodaetico === Secundum principium aequivalentiae, omnes leges physicae fundamentales oportet sic scribere, ut eae sub tranformationes coordinatorum immutabiles sint. Nobis non oportet leges fundamentales derivativo ordinario scribere, exempli gratia, quia, ob directiones cardinales mutantes, hic derivativus sub coordinatorum transformationes mutat.<ref name="meaning">A. Einstein, The Meaning of Relativity, Including the Relativistic Theory of the Non-Symmetric Field, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1922</ref> Ne leges mutentur, idoneus ad leges scribendas est [[derivativus covarians]] <math>\nabla_\ell V^m</math> vectoris <math> V^m</math> cuiusdam in superficie quadam, qui definitur ac :::<math>\nabla_\ell V^m = \frac{\partial V^m}{\partial x^\ell} + \Gamma^m {}_{k\ell} V^k\ </math>, ubi quantitates Christofelae :::<math> {\Gamma^\gamma}_{\alpha\beta} = \frac{1}{2} g^{\gamma\delta}(\partial_{\alpha}g_{\beta\delta} + \partial_{\beta}g_{\alpha\delta} - \partial_{\delta}g_{\alpha\beta})</math> describunt quo modo [[directiones cardinales]] mutant. Cursus geodaeticus, in physica relativistica, dicitur ille cursus quem particula libere cadens sequitur. Est etiam cursum secundum superficiem quod inter duo puncta intervallum minimum accumulat. Quia principium aequivalentiae dicit liberi cadendi statum esse motui gravitate absente indistinguibilem, speramus 4-velocitas <math>V^m = \frac {dx^m}{d\tau}</math> sit constans secundum cursum et acceleratio covarians <math>\nabla_\ell V^m = 0</math>. Aequivalenter, supponiendo in definitione derivativi covariantis supera, obtinemus :::<math>\frac{d^2x^a}{d \tau^2} + \Gamma^a_{bc}\frac{dx^b}{d \tau} \frac{dx^c}{d \tau} = 0</math>, quae formula dat corporis accelerationem, etiam integrando cursum geodaeticum, ob curvaturam spatio-temporalem. === De curvatura spatio-temporali === In geometria differentiali, curvatura spatio-temporalis per tensores derivatos a tensore <math>g_{\mu\nu}</math> metrico quantificatur. Habemus igitur tensorem Riemannianum<ref name = "baez">[http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/einstein/ ``The Meaning of Einstein’s Equation''], John C. Baez and Emory F. Bunn†, (2006).</ref> :::<math>{R^\delta}_{\alpha\beta\gamma} = \partial_{\alpha} {\Gamma^\delta}_{\beta\gamma} - \partial_{\beta} {\Gamma^\delta}_{\alpha\gamma} + {\Gamma^\delta}_{\alpha\varepsilon} {\Gamma^\varepsilon}_{\beta\gamma} - {\Gamma^\delta}_{\beta\varepsilon} {\Gamma^\varepsilon}_{\alpha\gamma} </math>, [[Fasciculus:Parallel transport.png|thumb|Vector, circum limitem clausum transportatus, angulo torquetur <math>\alpha</math> in proportione areae inclusae.]] [[Fasciculus:Tensor de Ricci.PNG|thumb|180px|Effectus tensori Ricciani in volumine tridimensionali sphaerico. <!--En la ilustración se reproducen los efectos del tensor de Ricci (concretamente su componente '''<math>R^{00}</math>''' sobre un volumen tridimensional esférico: conforme aumenta el tiempo, dicho volumen se reduce. Él autor de la imagen se ha permitido la siguiente licencia: Aunque los ejes de coordenadas representan dos dimensiones espaciales y una temporal, el volumen de la esfera está definido por tres dimensiones espaciales.-->]] tensorem Riccianum :::<math>R_{\alpha\gamma}={R^\beta}_{\alpha\beta\gamma}</math>, et curvaturam scalarem :::<math>R=g^{\alpha\gamma}R_{\alpha\gamma}\,</math>. Tensor Riemannianus fundamentalis dat quanto vector <math>V^\mu</math> quidam mutat vel torquetur postquam is circum rectangulum infinitesimale <math>dx^\nu dx^\sigma</math> transportatur, ut vector novus :::<math> V'^\mu = V^\mu + R^\mu_{\nu\sigma\tau} dx^\nu dx^\sigma V^\tau</math>. Idem tensor dat accelerationem <math>A^\mu</math> corporis 1 relativam positioni corporis 2 in statu libere cadendi :::<math> A^\mu = -R^\mu_{\nu\sigma\tau} V_1^\nu dx^\sigma V_2^\tau</math> ubi <math>V_i</math> denotat 4-velocitas corporis ''i'' et <math>dx^\sigma</math> positionem corporis 2 corpori 1 relativam. Ex hac accelerationis formula, significationem tensoris Ricciani respectu theoriae relativitatis possumus extrahere. Ad propositum, imaginamus multas particulas statu libere cadendi vel quiescentes, cuius velocitates <math>V^\nu</math> tempore <math>t=0</math> sunt identicae, in sphaera voluminis <math>\mathbb{V}</math> infinitesimalis quadam circum corpus 1 sitas. Summando super omnibus positionibus <math>dx^\sigma</math> in sphaera et omnibus directionibus <math>\mu</math>, obtinemus<ref name = "baez"/> :::<math> \frac{\ddot{\mathbb{V}}}{\mathbb{V}} = -R^\sigma_{\nu\sigma\tau} V^\nu V^\tau=-R_{\nu\tau} V^\nu V^\tau = -R_{44} c^2</math> ubi ultimo passo adsumimus particulas quiescentes esse, i.e. <math>V^\nu=(0,0,0,c)</math>. Possumus igitur intepretare tensorem Riccianum ut voluminis fluxionem, curvaturae spatio-temporalis causa, quae in casu particularum quiescentum formam simplissimam adsumit. === De tensore energiae motusque === In physica relativistica tensor energiae motusque <math>T_{\alpha \beta}</math> sic definitur ut 4-motus fluxio per aream A in directionem <math>n^\beta</math> correspondat :::<math>\frac{dP_{\alpha}}{dt}= T_{\alpha \beta}\; n^\beta A</math> Hac definitione habemus :::<math>T_{\alpha \beta} =\begin{pmatrix} G_{xx} & G_{xy} & G_{xz} & \frac{S_x}{c}\\ G_{yx} & G_{yy} & G_{yz} & \frac{S_y}{c}\\ G_{zx} & G_{zy} & G_{zz} & \frac{S_z}{c}\\ \frac{S_x}{c} & \frac{S_y}{c} & \frac{S_z}{c} & W \\ \end{pmatrix}</math> ubi * <math>W</math> est [[densitas]] [[energia]]e, * <math>(S_x,S_y,S_z)</math> est densitas [[motus]], et * <math>G_{ii}</math> est pressio mechanica in directionem ''i'', * <math>G_{ik}</math> est contentio virium in superficie ''i'' in directionem ''k''. Pro liquore ideali inviscido qui calorem non conducit, possumus scribere :::<math>T_{\alpha \beta} \, = (\rho + {p\over c^2})u_{\alpha}u_{\beta} + pg_{\alpha \beta}</math>. ut gravitate paene absente :::<math>g_{\alpha \beta} \, = \mathrm{diag}(1,1,1, -1)</math>, et celeritate paene zeri :::<math>u_{\alpha}u_{\beta} \, = \mathrm{diag}(0,0,0,c^2)</math>, habeamus :::<math> T_{\alpha \beta} = \left( \begin{matrix} p & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & p & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & p & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & 0 & \rho c^2 \\ \end{matrix} \right). </math> === Lex gravitatis Einsteiniana === [[Fasciculus:Universe expansion-en.svg|thumb|200px|Secundum aequationem Einsteiniam, si constans cosmologicus esset zerum, continuum spatio-temporale expandere necesse est. Et si expandit, necesse est continuum fuisse olim minus quam hodie--punctum singulare tantum! Mundus noster igitur potest olim [[Fragor Maximus|fragore maximo]] incipere ex puncto singulari.]] Secundum theoriam Einsteinianam, [[massa]] (sive [[energia]]), tensore <math>T_{\mu\nu}</math> energiae motusque data, curvaturam spatio-temporalem efficit. ''Aequatio Einsteniana'' :::<math> R_{\mu\nu} -\frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu}R - \Lambda g_{\mu\nu}= \frac{8\pi G}{c^4}T_{\mu\nu} \,</math>, igitur curvaturam spatio-temporalem ad tensorem <math>T_{\mu\nu}</math> attribuit, unde <math>R_{\mu\nu}</math> est tensor Riccianus, <math>R</math> curvatura scalaris, et <math>\Lambda</math> clarissimus ''constans cosmologicus'', qui sicut [[vacuum|vacui]] energia interpretari potest. Ad hanc aequationem, Einstein modo per multa conata pervenit. Sine constante <math>\Lambda</math>, Einstein mox repperit concentrationem<ref>Ernestus Gotthold Struve D., ''Paradoxum chymicum sine igne'', Ienae, 1715, apud Ernestum Claudium Bailliar, p. 55. [http://books.google.com.br/books?id=s8MPAAAAQAAJ&pg=PT62&lpg=PT62&dq=concentrationibus&source=bl&ots=g6-lXUDh65&sig=_LFxoUn2xECZDsD0_jbEtnhzhIk&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ei=hfdfT8_FCOni0QHy2tynBw&sqi=2&ved=0CEYQ6AEwBQ#v=onepage&q=concentrationibus&f=false] [[Libri Googles]] {{Ling|Latine}}</ref> massae energiaeque in mundo universo esse tam parvam, ut secundum suam aequationem continuum spatio-temporale assidue expanderet. Haec expansio autem ei apparuit tam absurda, ut in prima editione suae theoriae Einstein constantem <math>\Lambda</math> proprosuerit magnitudinem tantum habere ut expansionem adusque consistat. Et postea, cum [[Edwinus Hubble]] ex [[stella]]rum observationibus legem deduxit,<ref>[http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/diamond_jubilee/1996/hub_1929.html ''A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae''], E. Hubble, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 15 (1929).</ref> quae continuum universum sic expandere sicut <math>\Lambda \approx 0</math> dicit, Einstein funditus constantem reliquit, eam ''maximum erratum suae vitae'' dicens.<ref>G. Gamow, My World Line—An Informal Autobiography, Viking Press, New York (1970), p. 44. I thank Lawrence Krauss for this reference.; Vide etiam: https://web.archive.org/web/20071203030652/http://www.physicstoday.org/vol-58/iss-11/p31.html</ref> Hodie observationes astronomicae monstrant <math>\Lambda</math> non posse excedere 10<sup>-46</sup> km<sup>-2</sup>.<ref>Christopher S. Kochanek (August 1996). ""Is There a Cosmological Constant?"". The Astrophysical Journal 466 (2): 638-659.</ref> === De interpretatione legis Einsteinianae === Lex Einsteinana, 16 aequationes differentiales gradus secundi in se continens, est instricatissima legi Newtonianae composita. Quid lex significat? Memoramus, cum particulae quiescentes quaedam tempore <math>t=0</math> volumen <math>\mathbb{V}</math> complent, aequationem Riccianam :::<math> \frac{\ddot{\mathbb{V}}}{\mathbb{V}} = -R_{44} c^2</math> eorum voluminis fluxionem dare curvaturae causa. Aequationem Einsteinianam per <math>g^{\mu\nu}</math> multiplicando, et <math>\Lambda = 0</math>, <math>g^{\mu\nu}g_{\mu\nu}=4</math>, et <math>g^{\mu\nu}R_{\mu\nu}=R</math> supponendo, statim obtinemus :::<math> R = -\frac{8\pi G}{c^4}T^{\mu}_{\mu} \,</math>. Aequationem igitur Einteinianam possumus rescribere :::<math> R_{\mu\nu}= \frac{8\pi G}{c^4}\left( T_{\mu\nu} -\frac{1}{2}g_{\mu\nu} T^{\alpha}_{\alpha}\right)\,</math> unde, supponendo etiam <math>T^{\alpha}_{\alpha} = P_x+P_y+P_z-W</math> et <math>g_{44}=-1\,</math> et adsumendo omnem energiae densitatem <math>W=\rho c^2\,</math> esse ob materiae densitatem <math>\rho</math>, habemus :::<math> \frac{\ddot{\mathbb{V}}}{\mathbb{V}}= -R_{44} c^2 = -4\pi G \left(\rho+ \frac{P_x + P_y + P_z}{c^2}\right) \approx -4\pi G\rho</math>, ultimo passo quoque adsumendo condicionem <math>\frac{P_x + P_y + P_z}{c^2} \ll \rho </math>, quae fere semper tenet. Lex Einsteiniana igitur possumus sic dicere: cum manus particularum quiescentum incipit libere cadere, eius volumen incipit decrescere secundum productum voluminis initialis et summae densitatis energiae in centro atque pressionum directiones ''x'', ''y'', et ''z'' versus.<ref name = "baez"/> === Quomodo legem Newtonianam ex Einsteiniana derivare === Quod lex Einsteinana haud modo apparet legi Newtonianae similis, nobis oportet etiam investigare quomodo legem Newtoniana e lege Einsteiniana derivare. Ex aequatione, quae volumen perditum propter massam terrestrem <math>\rho \mathbb{V}_0 = M</math> dat, :::<math> \frac{\ddot{\mathbb{V}}}{\mathbb{V}}= -4\pi G\rho</math>, possumus aequationem Newtonianam continuo potiri,<ref name = "baez"/> quia, quoniam <math>\dot{\mathbb{V}} =0</math> adsumimus, bis integrando obtinemus, post tempus <math>\delta t</math>, :::<math> \delta \mathbb{V} = -4\pi G\rho\mathbb{V}_0\left( \frac{1}{2}\;\delta t^2 \right)</math>. Etiam, quoniam distantia <math>r</math> radium terrestrem <math>R</math> excedens volumen <math>\mathbb{V}=\frac{4}{3}\pi r^3</math> complectitur, simul habemus :::<math> \delta \mathbb{V} = 4\pi r^2 \delta r</math>, ut, quoniam <math> \delta r = \frac{1}{2} a\,\delta t^2</math>, comparando obtinamus :::<math>a = 2 \frac{\delta r}{\delta t^2} = -\frac{G M}{r^2}</math>, eam quae erat demonstanda: formulam accelerationis Newtonianam. == Status theoriae hodie respectu observationibus == === Quid stellae pulsantes patefaciant === === Quid galaxiae patefaciant === === Quid expansio mundi universi patefaciat === == Ad theoriam gravitatis quanticam == Quamvis theoria relativitatis generalis accurate phaenomena ad gravitatis vim pertinentia describit, [[physicus|physici]] relativitatem generalem cum mechanica quantica coniungere maxime volunt, quia notum est circa [[longitudo Planckiana|longitudinem Planckianam]] effectus quanticos ob gravitatis vim non ignorandos esse. [[Theoria chordarum]] est nostri theoria temporis quae has duas claras theorias optime coniungat, sed non plane confecta est, atque nondum experimentorum confirmationem habet. In hac descriptione vis gravitatis ex particularum minimarum ''gravitonorum'' permutationibus nascitur, quemadmodum [[theoria camporum quanticorum]] corporum attractiones describere solet, e.g., attractio electrica corporum [[onus electricum]] habentium in se mutuo ex [[photon]]orum permutationibus fiat. Quamquam ab experimentis multis constantem cosmologicam esse minimam comprobatur, [[theoria camporum quanticorum]] illam esse permagnam praevidet, plus quam <math>10^{100}</math> magnitudinis ab experimentis mensuratae. Nunquam aliqua theoria tam longe ab experimentis veritatibus absit et usque ad hodie hoc ''constantis cosmologicae problema'' non solutum est. Hoc autem problema [[supersymmetria]] minuit (discrepantia est circa <math>10^{50}</math> post supersymmetriae fracturam), sed id non solvit. == Hodiernus theoriae status == Relativitas generalis facta est mirifice prosperum [[gravitas (physica)|gravitationis]] [[cosmologia]]eque exemplar, quod hactenus omne observationis experimentique examen certum probavit; nihilominus, sunt clarae indicationes theoriae imperfectae.<ref>Cf. {{Harvnb|Maddox|1998|loc=pp. 52–59 and 98–122}}; {{Harvnb|Penrose|2004|loc=section 34.1 et capitulum 30}}.</ref> Quaestiones gravitatis quanti et realitatis [[singtularitas spatiotemporis|singularitatum spatiotemporis]] apertae manent.<ref>Vide sectionem [[Relativitas generalis#Gravitas quanti]] supra.</ref> <!-- Observational data taken as evidence for [[dark energy]] and [[dark matter]] could indicate the need for new physics,<ref>Cf. the section [[General relativity#Cosmology|Cosmology]], above.</ref> and while the so-called [[Pioneer anomaly|''Pioneer'' anomaly]] might yet admit of a conventional explanation, it, too, could be a harbinger of new physics.<ref>See {{Harvnb|Nieto|2006}}.</ref> Even taken as is, general relativity is rich with possibilities for further exploration. Mathematical relativists seek to understand the nature of singularities and the fundamental properties of Einstein's equations,<ref>See {{Harvnb|Friedrich|2005}}.</ref> and increasingly powerful computer simulations (such as those describing merging black holes) are run.<ref>A review of the various problems and the techniques being developed to overcome them, see {{Harvnb|Lehner|2002}}.</ref> The race for the first direct detection of gravitational waves continues apace,<ref>See {{Harvnb|Bartusiak|2000}} for an account up to that year; up-to-date news can be found on the websites of major detector collaborations such as [http://geo600.aei.mpg.de GEO 600] and [http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/ LIGO].</ref> in the hope of creating opportunities to test the theory's validity for much stronger gravitational fields than has been possible to date.<ref>For the most recent papers on gravitational wave polarizations of inspiralling compact binaries, see {{Harvnb|Blanchet|Faye|Iyer|Sinha|2008}}, and {{Harvnb|Arun|Blanchet|Iyer|Qusailah|2007}}; for a review of work on compact binaries, see {{Harvnb|Blanchet|2006}} and {{Harvnb|Futamase|Itoh|2006}}; for a general review of experimental tests of general relativity, see {{Harvnb|Will|2006}}.</ref>--> Abhinc annos plusquam nonaginta divulgata, relativitas generalis exstat fertilissimus investigationis campus.<ref>A good starting point for a snapshot of present-day research in relativity is the electronic review journal [https://web.archive.org/web/20161227064809/http://relativity.livingreviews.org/ ''Living Reviews in Relativity''].</ref> {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Albertus Einstein]] * [[E=mc²]] * [[Fragor Maximus]] * [[Gravitas (physica)]] * [[Foramen nigrum]] * [[Iter transtemporale]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Relativitas specialis]] * [[Singularitas nuda]] * [[Spatium Calabi-Yau]] * [[Theoria Chordarum]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Calabi-Yau.png|thumb|200px|Proiectio [[Multiplex Calabi-Yau|Multiplicis Calabi-Yau]], unius ex modis quibus additae [[dimensio]]nes quas [[theoria chordarum]] poscit [[compactificatio (physica)|compactificantur]]]] [[Fasciculus:Spin network.svg|thumb|200px|Simplex [[rete versans]]<!--spin network--> generis quod in [[gravitas quantum loop|gravitate quantum loop]]{{dubsig}} adhibetur]] * Carroll, Sean M. [[2004]]. ''Spacetime and Geometry: An Introduction to General Relativity.'' San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8732-3. http://spacetimeandgeometry.net/. * Dirac, P. A. M. [[1975]]. ''General Theory of Relativity.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. * [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein, Albert]], H. A. Lorentz, H. Weyl, et H. Minkowski. [[1952]]. ''The Principle of Relativity.'' A W. Perrett et G. G. Jeffery conversus. Toronti: Dover Publications. * [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein, Albert]]. [[1922]]. ''The Meaning of Relativity, Including the Relativistic Theory of the Non-Symmetric Field.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. * Grøn, Øyvind, et Sigbjørn Hervik. [[2007]]. ''Einstein's General Theory of Relativity.'' Novi Eboraci: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-69199-2. * Landau, Lev D., et Evgeny F. Lifshitz. [[1980]]. ''The Classical Theory of Fields.'' 4a ed. Londini: Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 0-7506-2768-9. * Misner, Charles W., Kip S. Thorne, Kip. S., et John A. Wheeler. [[1973]]. ''Gravitation.'' W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0344-0. * [http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/gr/ Praecepta de relativitate generali comparata a Ioanne Baez, Ph.D., professore physicae.] * Stephani, Hans. [[1990]]. ''General Relativity: An Introduction to the Theory of the Gravitational Field.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37941-5. * Wald, Robert M. [[1984]]. ''General Relativity''. Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87033-2. * Weinberg, Steven. [[1972]]. ''Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and Applications of the General Theory of Relativity''. Novi Eboraci: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-92567-5. ;Libri populares * Geroch, Robert. [[1981]]. ''General Relativity from A to B.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-28864-1. * Lieber, Lillian. [[2008]]. ''The Einstein Theory of Relativity: A Trip to the Fourth Dimension.'' Philadelphia: Paul Dry Books, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58988-044-3. * Wald, Robert M. [[1992]]. ''Space, Time, and Gravity: the Theory of the Big Bang and Black Holes.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-87029-4. ;Libri pro scholis scripti * Callahan, James J. [[2000]]. ''The Geometry of Spacetime: an Introduction to Special and General Relativity.'' Novi Eboraci: Springer, ISBN 0-387-98641-3. * Taylor, Edwin F., et John Archibald Wheeler. [[2000]]. ''Exploring Black Holes: Introduction to General Relativity.'' Addison Wesley. ISBN 0-201-38423-X. ;Libri pro collegiis et universitatibus scripti * Cheng, Ta-Pei. [[2005]]. ''Relativity, Gravitation and Cosmology: A Basic Introduction.'' Oxoniae et Novi Eboraci: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-852957-0. * Gron, O., et S. Hervik. [[2007]]. ''Einstein's General theory of Relativity.'' Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-69199-2. * Hartle, James B. [[2003]]. ''Gravity: an Introduction to Einstein's General Relativity.'' San Francisco: Addison-Wesley. ISBN 0-8053-8662-9. * Hughston, L. P., et K. P. Tod. [[1991]]. ''Introduction to General Relativity.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-33943-X. * d'Inverno, Ray. [[1992]]. ''Introducing Einstein's Relativity.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-859686-3. * Schutz, B. F. [[2009]]. ''A First Course in General Relativity.'' Ed. 2a. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-88705-2. [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} rzam2g5w3bfm2dzxti7vlcdc1w64h7a 0 11889 3960237 3959864 2026-05-17T17:14:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De etymologia */ 3960237 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Alcoholic beverages.jpg|thumb|[[Potio fortis|Potiones alcoholicae]] temetum dictae.]] '''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in [[Temetum|temeto]] augeri potest. [[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima]] Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" communis plerumque "'''[[ethanolum]]'''" appellatur. In chemia organica "alcoholis" nomen plures substantias ethanolo cognatas designat, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem). == De etymologia == Aliae formae nominis sunt ''alcool'',<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) ''alchool'',<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> ''alcol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alkohol'',<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) ''alkool'',<ref name="Kraus1844"/> ''alkol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alcahol'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ac ''kohol''.<ref name="Kraus1844"/> Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl''.<ref>Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول ''al-kuḥūl'', rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.</ref> Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo [[palpebra]]s pingere solebant, quique e [[Stibium|stibio]] [[Sublimatio|sublimato]] conficiebatur. Inde apud [[Europa]]eos (ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]]) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea [[Paracelsus]] (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. [[essentia]]m, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parare poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "[[spiritus vini|spiritu vini]]" saepissime "''alcool'' vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo [[Chemia|chemici]] usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.<ref>De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&pg=PA136&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U089pbNHIaZhI6iKt8y-h2XQgSQQQ#PPA116,M1 pp.116-118], et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', ''Journal of Semitic Studies'', 17 (1972), p.44.</ref> == In chemia organica == [[Fasciculus:Ethanol-structure.svg|thumb|Molecula ethanoli: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH]] === De structura === [[Fasciculus:Glycerin - Glycerol.svg|thumb|Structura glycerolis (triol).]] Alcoholes sunt composita organica in quibus grex hydroxylum -OH catenae [[Alcanum|alcani]] additus est, cum atomo carbonii [[Vinculum chemicum|covalenter vinctus]] in locum atomi hydrogenii. Cum grex OH alcano cyclico iungitur non alcohol sed [[phenolum]] efficit, si atomus carbonii iam duplici vinculo cum alio atomo oxygenii iunctus est non alcohol sed [[acidum carboxylicum]] fit: R-COOH. Ita [[Ethanolum|ethanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH alcano [[Ethanum|ethano]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> respondet et [[Microbium|microorganismis]] per [[Fermentatio|fermentationem]] [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratorum]] creatur. Item [[methanolum|methanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>OH alcano [[methanum|methano]] CH<sub>4</sub> respondet et in industria chemica ex [[Carbonii oxidum|carbonii oxido CO]] producitur. Alcoholia quae duos greges hydroxyla habent ''diol'' dicuntur, quae tria ''triol''. Exempli gratia ethylenum glycol est diol: HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. Cum carbonia hydroxyla ferentia in catena vicina sunt illae moleculae glycol appellantur: in hanc categoriam ponitur [[Glycerol|glycerol]]<ref>[[IUPAC]]: propanum-1,2,3-triol.</ref> qui cum tribus [[Acidum adipatum|acidis adipatis]] vinctus [[triglyceridum|triglycerida]] format<ref>[https://fr.differkinome.com/articles/science/difference-between-glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html#Glycerol Différence entre le glycérol et les acides gras].</ref>. Glycerol etiam in [[Phospholipidum|phospholipidis]] invenitur. Alcoholia primaria dicuntur si carbonium gregem -OH ferens nullum alium gregem organicum fert (e.g. ethanolum), secundaria si unum alium tulerit (e.g. butan-2-olum), tertiaria si duos alios tulerit (e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-olum (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH quod etiam alcohol tert(io)butylicum dicitur). === De nominum imponendorum ratione === [[Fasciculus:Alcool tertiaire.gif|thumb|Structura alcoholis tertiarii.]] Alcoholum nominandorum tres sunt rationes hodie in usu<ref>[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-1-alcools-structure-denomination-et-classification/ Alcools – Structure, dénomination et classification]</ref>: *1) [[suffixum]] -ol radicali hydrocarbonei quod eundem carboniorum numerum praebeat addere poteris: ethanum/ethanol(um), methanum/methanol(um), propanum/propanol(um), butanum/butanol(um), pentanum/pentanol(um), hexanum/hexanol(um) etc. Quod si ad isomera distingenda numerum in catena carbonii atomi quod hydroxylum fert indicare necesse fuerit, ita scribes exempli gratia: 1-butanolum vel butan-1-olum ita ut intellegatur non esse 2-butanolum vel butan-2-olum in quo grex -OH cum secundo carbonio coniunctus est. Hoc nominis genus praetulit [[IUPAC]]. *2)potes etiam adiectivum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -icum ex nomine alkyli ductum nomini "alcohol" adponere ut: [[ethanolum|alcohol ethylicum]], alcool methylicum, alcohol propylicum, alcohol butylicum etc. *3)potes etiam praefixum hydroxy- nomini hydrocarbonei praeponere ut in 2-hydroxybutano: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> quod idem est atque butan-2-olum. === De proprietatibus === Greges hydroxyla [[polaritas (chemia)|polares]] sunt ita ut alcoholium moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se iungant. Quae causa est cur parva alcoholia in aqua optime solvantur atque in [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] ambienti pleraque [[Liquidum|liquida]] sunt tum cum alcana [[Massa molaris|massae molaris]] similis [[gas|gaseosa]] inveniuntur. Simili modo temperatura quo alcoholia [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] superior reperitur quam [[Aether (chemica)|aethera]] exempli gratia. Grex hydroxylum nonnumquam [[Proton|protones]] emittere potest sed quia [[Basis (chemia)|basis]] eis coniugata validissima est alcoholia in aqua non sunt [[acidum|acida]]. Pleraque alcoholia toxica sunt, ethanolum tantummodo bibere licet (nec sine damno). == Variae alcoholis species == * [[Butanol]] * [[Ethanol]] * [[Methanol]] * [[Pentanol]] * [[Propanol]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Murray Epstein, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210828140155/https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function]" in ''Alcohol Health and Research World'' vol. 21 (1997) pp. 84-93 {{NexInt}} * [[Aether (chemica)]] * [[Alcoholismus]] * [[Ebrietas]] * [[Hygiene]] * [[Officina cerevisiaria]] * [[Temetum]] * [[Telangiectasia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Alcohols|alcoholem}} [[Categoria:Alcohol|!]] [[Categoria:Antiseptica]] [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Hydroxydatum]] [[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} ezfkaave7vctqhqarhui725cb2dubev 3960238 3960237 2026-05-17T17:15:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960238 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Alcoholic beverages.jpg|thumb|[[Potio fortis|Potiones alcoholicae]] temetum dictae.]] '''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in [[Temetum|temeto]] augeri potest. [[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima]] Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" communis plerumque "'''[[ethanolum]]'''" appellatur. In chemia organica "alcoholis" nomen plures substantias ethanolo cognatas designat, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem). == De etymologia == Aliae formae nominis sunt ''alcool'',<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) ''alchool'',<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> ''alcol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alkohol'',<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) ''alkool'',<ref name="Kraus1844"/> ''alkol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alcahol'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ac ''kohol''.<ref name="Kraus1844"/> Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl''.<ref>Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول ''al-kuḥūl'', rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.</ref> Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo [[palpebra]]s pingere solebant, quique e [[Stibium|stibio]] [[Sublimatio|sublimato]] conficiebatur. Inde apud [[Europa]]eos (ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]]) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea [[Paracelsus]] (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. [[essentia]]m, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parare poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "[[spiritus vini|spiritu vini]]" saepissime "''alcool'' vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo [[Chemia|chemici]] usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.<ref>De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&pg=PA136&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U089pbNHIaZhI6iKt8y-h2XQgSQQQ#PPA116,M1 pp.116-118], et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', ''Journal of Semitic Studies'', 17 (1972), p.44.</ref> == In chemia organica == [[Fasciculus:Ethanol-structure.svg|thumb|Molecula ethanoli: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH]] === De structura === [[Fasciculus:Glycerin - Glycerol.svg|thumb|Structura glycerolis (triol).]] Alcoholes sunt composita organica in quibus grex hydroxylum -OH catenae [[Alcanum|alcani]] additus est, cum atomo carbonii [[Vinculum chemicum|covalenter vinctus]] in locum atomi hydrogenii. Cum grex OH alcano cyclico iungitur non alcohol sed [[phenolum]] efficit, si atomus carbonii iam duplici vinculo cum alio atomo oxygenii iunctus est non alcohol sed [[acidum carboxylicum]] fit: R-COOH. Ita [[Ethanolum|ethanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH alcano [[Ethanum|ethano]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> respondet et [[Microbium|microorganismis]] per [[Fermentatio|fermentationem]] [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratorum]] creatur. Item [[methanolum|methanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>OH alcano [[methanum|methano]] CH<sub>4</sub> respondet et in industria chemica ex [[Carbonii oxidum|carbonii oxido CO]] producitur. Alcoholia quae duos greges hydroxyla habent ''diol'' dicuntur, quae tria ''triol''. Exempli gratia ethylenum glycol est diol: HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. Cum carbonia hydroxyla ferentia in catena vicina sunt illae moleculae glycol appellantur: in hanc categoriam ponitur [[Glycerol|glycerol]]<ref>[[IUPAC]]: propanum-1,2,3-triol.</ref> qui cum tribus [[Acidum adipatum|acidis adipatis]] vinctus [[triglyceridum|triglycerida]] format<ref>[https://fr.differkinome.com/articles/science/difference-between-glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html#Glycerol Différence entre le glycérol et les acides gras].</ref>. Glycerol etiam in [[Phospholipidum|phospholipidis]] invenitur. Alcoholia primaria dicuntur si carbonium gregem -OH ferens nullum alium gregem organicum fert (e.g. ethanolum), secundaria si unum alium tulerit (e.g. butan-2-olum), tertiaria si duos alios tulerit (e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-olum (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH quod etiam alcohol tert(io)butylicum dicitur). === De nominum imponendorum ratione === [[Fasciculus:Alcool tertiaire.gif|thumb|Structura alcoholis tertiarii.]] Alcoholum nominandorum tres sunt rationes hodie in usu<ref>[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-1-alcools-structure-denomination-et-classification/ Alcools – Structure, dénomination et classification]</ref>: *1) [[suffixum]] -ol radicali hydrocarbonei quod eundem carboniorum numerum praebeat addere poteris: ethanum/ethanol(um), methanum/methanol(um), propanum/propanol(um), butanum/butanol(um), pentanum/pentanol(um), hexanum/hexanol(um) etc. Quod si ad isomera distingenda numerum in catena carbonii atomi quod hydroxylum fert indicare necesse fuerit, ita scribes exempli gratia: 1-butanolum vel butan-1-olum ita ut intellegatur non esse 2-butanolum vel butan-2-olum in quo grex -OH cum secundo carbonio coniunctus est. Hoc nominis genus praetulit [[IUPAC]]. *2)potes etiam adiectivum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -icum ex nomine alkyli ductum nomini "alcohol" adponere ut: [[ethanolum|alcohol ethylicum]], alcool methylicum, alcohol propylicum, alcohol butylicum etc. *3)potes etiam praefixum hydroxy- nomini hydrocarbonei praeponere ut in 2-hydroxybutano: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> quod idem est atque butan-2-olum. === De proprietatibus === Greges hydroxyla [[polaritas (chemia)|polares]] sunt ita ut alcoholium moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se iungant. Quae causa est cur parva alcoholia in aqua optime solvantur atque in [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] ambienti pleraque [[Liquidum|liquida]] sunt tum cum alcana [[Massa molaris|massae molaris]] similis [[gas|gaseosa]] inveniuntur. Simili modo temperatura quo alcoholia [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] superior reperitur quam [[Aether (chemica)|aethera]] exempli gratia. Grex hydroxylum nonnumquam [[Proton|protones]] emittere potest sed quia [[Basis (chemia)|basis]] eis coniugata validissima est alcoholia in aqua non sunt [[acidum|acida]]. Pleraque alcoholia toxica sunt, ethanolum tantummodo bibere licet (nec sine damno). == Variae alcoholis species == * [[Butanol]] * [[Ethanol]] * [[Methanol]] * [[Pentanol]] * [[Propanol]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Murray Epstein, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210828140155/https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function]" in ''Alcohol Health and Research World'' vol. 21 (1997) pp. 84-93 {{NexInt}} * [[Aether (chemica)]] * [[Alcoholismus]] * [[Ebrietas]] * [[Hygiene]] * [[Officina cerevisiaria]] * [[Temetum]] * [[Telangiectasia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Alcohols|alcoholem}} * [https://scienceinsights.org/alcohols-structure-reactions-and-biochemical-roles/ Science insights] [[Categoria:Alcohol|!]] [[Categoria:Antiseptica]] [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Hydroxydatum]] [[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} hr08cmm4h7eecj6sn6d8ywuh91f2xrt 3960240 3960238 2026-05-17T17:18:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960240 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Alcoholic beverages.jpg|thumb|[[Potio fortis|Potiones alcoholicae]] temetum dictae.]] '''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in [[Temetum|temeto]] augeri potest. [[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima]] Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" communis plerumque "'''[[ethanolum]]'''" appellatur. In chemia organica "alcoholis" nomen plures substantias ethanolo cognatas designat, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem). == De etymologia == Aliae formae nominis sunt ''alcool'',<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) ''alchool'',<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> ''alcol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alkohol'',<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) ''alkool'',<ref name="Kraus1844"/> ''alkol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alcahol'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ac ''kohol''.<ref name="Kraus1844"/> Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl''.<ref>Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول ''al-kuḥūl'', rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.</ref> Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo [[palpebra]]s pingere solebant, quique e [[Stibium|stibio]] [[Sublimatio|sublimato]] conficiebatur. Inde apud [[Europa]]eos (ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]]) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea [[Paracelsus]] (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. [[essentia]]m, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parare poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "[[spiritus vini|spiritu vini]]" saepissime "''alcool'' vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo [[Chemia|chemici]] usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.<ref>De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&pg=PA136&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U089pbNHIaZhI6iKt8y-h2XQgSQQQ#PPA116,M1 pp.116-118], et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', ''Journal of Semitic Studies'', 17 (1972), p.44.</ref> == In chemia organica == [[Fasciculus:Ethanol-structure.svg|thumb|Molecula ethanoli: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH]] === De structura === [[Fasciculus:Glycerin - Glycerol.svg|thumb|Structura glycerolis (triol).]] Alcoholes sunt composita organica in quibus grex hydroxylum -OH catenae [[Alcanum|alcani]] additus est, cum atomo carbonii [[Vinculum chemicum|covalenter vinctus]] in locum atomi hydrogenii. Cum grex OH alcano cyclico iungitur non alcohol sed [[phenolum]] efficit, si atomus carbonii iam duplici vinculo cum alio atomo oxygenii iunctus est non alcohol sed [[acidum carboxylicum]] fit: R-COOH. Ita [[Ethanolum|ethanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH alcano [[Ethanum|ethano]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> respondet et [[Microbium|microorganismis]] per [[Fermentatio|fermentationem]] [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratorum]] creatur. Item [[methanolum|methanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>OH alcano [[methanum|methano]] CH<sub>4</sub> respondet et in industria chemica ex [[Carbonii oxidum|carbonii oxido CO]] producitur. Alcoholia quae duos greges hydroxyla habent ''diol'' dicuntur, quae tria ''triol''. Exempli gratia ethylenum glycol est diol: HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. Cum carbonia hydroxyla ferentia in catena vicina sunt illae moleculae glycol appellantur: in hanc categoriam ponitur [[Glycerol|glycerol]]<ref>[[IUPAC]]: propanum-1,2,3-triol.</ref> qui cum tribus [[Acidum adipatum|acidis adipatis]] vinctus [[triglyceridum|triglycerida]] format<ref>[https://fr.differkinome.com/articles/science/difference-between-glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html#Glycerol Différence entre le glycérol et les acides gras].</ref>. Glycerol etiam in [[Phospholipidum|phospholipidis]] invenitur. Alcoholia primaria dicuntur si carbonium gregem -OH ferens nullum alium gregem organicum fert (e.g. ethanolum), secundaria si unum alium tulerit (e.g. butan-2-olum), tertiaria si duos alios tulerit (e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-olum (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH quod etiam alcohol tert(io)butylicum dicitur). === De nominum imponendorum ratione === [[Fasciculus:Alcool tertiaire.gif|thumb|Structura alcoholis tertiarii.]] Alcoholum nominandorum tres sunt rationes hodie in usu<ref>[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-1-alcools-structure-denomination-et-classification/ Alcools – Structure, dénomination et classification]</ref>: *1) [[suffixum]] -ol radicali hydrocarbonei quod eundem carboniorum numerum praebeat addere poteris: ethanum/ethanol(um), methanum/methanol(um), propanum/propanol(um), butanum/butanol(um), pentanum/pentanol(um), hexanum/hexanol(um) etc. Quod si ad isomera distingenda numerum in catena carbonii atomi quod hydroxylum fert indicare necesse fuerit, ita scribes exempli gratia: 1-butanolum vel butan-1-olum ita ut intellegatur non esse 2-butanolum vel butan-2-olum in quo grex -OH cum secundo carbonio coniunctus est. Hoc nominis genus praetulit [[IUPAC]]. *2)potes etiam adiectivum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -icum ex nomine alkyli ductum nomini "alcohol" adponere ut: [[ethanolum|alcohol ethylicum]], alcool methylicum, alcohol propylicum, alcohol butylicum etc. *3)potes etiam praefixum hydroxy- nomini hydrocarbonei praeponere ut in 2-hydroxybutano: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> quod idem est atque butan-2-olum. === De proprietatibus === Greges hydroxyla [[polaritas (chemia)|polares]] sunt ita ut alcoholium moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se iungant. Quae causa est cur parva alcoholia in aqua optime solvantur atque in [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] ambienti pleraque [[Liquidum|liquida]] sunt tum cum alcana [[Massa molaris|massae molaris]] similis [[gas|gaseosa]] inveniuntur. Simili modo temperatura quo alcoholia [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] superior reperitur quam [[Aether (chemica)|aethera]] exempli gratia. Grex hydroxylum nonnumquam [[Proton|protones]] emittere potest sed quia [[Basis (chemia)|basis]] eis coniugata validissima est alcoholia in aqua non sunt [[acidum|acida]]. Pleraque alcoholia toxica sunt, ethanolum tantummodo bibere licet (nec sine damno). == Variae alcoholis species == * [[Butanol]] * [[Ethanol]] * [[Methanol]] * [[Pentanol]] * [[Propanol]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Murray Epstein, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210828140155/https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function]" in ''Alcohol Health and Research World'' vol. 21 (1997) pp. 84-93 {{NexInt}} * [[Aether (chemica)]] * [[Alcoholismus]] * [[Ebrietas]] * [[Hygiene]] * [[Officina cerevisiaria]] * [[Temetum]] * [[Telangiectasia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Alcohols|alcoholem}} * [https://scienceinsights.org/alcohols-structure-reactions-and-biochemical-roles/ Science insights] * [https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Irvine_Valley_College/Dr_D_Biochemistry_for_Health_Sciences/13%3A_Organic_Compounds_of_Oxygen/13.06%3A_Reactions_of_Alcohols De alcoholium reactionibus] [[Categoria:Alcohol|!]] [[Categoria:Antiseptica]] [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Hydroxydatum]] [[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} e6t7ndathx0mc48z7tllirjh5xkxekz 3960241 3960240 2026-05-17T17:20:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960241 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Alcoholic beverages.jpg|thumb|[[Potio fortis|Potiones alcoholicae]] temetum dictae.]] '''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in [[Temetum|temeto]] augeri potest. [[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima]] Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" communis plerumque "'''[[ethanolum]]'''" appellatur. In chemia organica "alcoholis" nomen plures substantias ethanolo cognatas designat, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem). == De etymologia == Aliae formae nominis sunt ''alcool'',<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) ''alchool'',<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> ''alcol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alkohol'',<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) ''alkool'',<ref name="Kraus1844"/> ''alkol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alcahol'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ac ''kohol''.<ref name="Kraus1844"/> Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl''.<ref>Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول ''al-kuḥūl'', rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.</ref> Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo [[palpebra]]s pingere solebant, quique e [[Stibium|stibio]] [[Sublimatio|sublimato]] conficiebatur. Inde apud [[Europa]]eos (ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]]) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea [[Paracelsus]] (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. [[essentia]]m, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parare poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "[[spiritus vini|spiritu vini]]" saepissime "''alcool'' vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo [[Chemia|chemici]] usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.<ref>De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&pg=PA136&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U089pbNHIaZhI6iKt8y-h2XQgSQQQ#PPA116,M1 pp.116-118], et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', ''Journal of Semitic Studies'', 17 (1972), p.44.</ref> == In chemia organica == [[Fasciculus:Ethanol-structure.svg|thumb|Molecula ethanoli: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH]] === De structura === [[Fasciculus:Glycerin - Glycerol.svg|thumb|Structura glycerolis (triol).]] Alcoholes sunt composita organica in quibus grex hydroxylum -OH catenae [[Alcanum|alcani]] additus est, cum atomo carbonii [[Vinculum chemicum|covalenter vinctus]] in locum atomi hydrogenii. Cum grex OH alcano cyclico iungitur non alcohol sed [[phenolum]] efficit, si atomus carbonii iam duplici vinculo cum alio atomo oxygenii iunctus est non alcohol sed [[acidum carboxylicum]] fit: R-COOH. Ita [[Ethanolum|ethanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH alcano [[Ethanum|ethano]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> respondet et [[Microbium|microorganismis]] per [[Fermentatio|fermentationem]] [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratorum]] creatur. Item [[methanolum|methanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>OH alcano [[methanum|methano]] CH<sub>4</sub> respondet et in industria chemica ex [[Carbonii oxidum|carbonii oxido CO]] producitur. Alcoholia quae duos greges hydroxyla habent ''diol'' dicuntur, quae tria ''triol''. Exempli gratia ethylenum glycol est diol: HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. Cum carbonia hydroxyla ferentia in catena vicina sunt illae moleculae glycol appellantur: in hanc categoriam ponitur [[Glycerol|glycerol]]<ref>[[IUPAC]]: propanum-1,2,3-triol.</ref> qui cum tribus [[Acidum adipatum|acidis adipatis]] vinctus [[triglyceridum|triglycerida]] format<ref>[https://fr.differkinome.com/articles/science/difference-between-glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html#Glycerol Différence entre le glycérol et les acides gras].</ref>. Glycerol etiam in [[Phospholipidum|phospholipidis]] invenitur. Alcoholia primaria dicuntur si carbonium gregem -OH ferens nullum alium gregem organicum fert (e.g. ethanolum), secundaria si unum alium tulerit (e.g. butan-2-olum), tertiaria si duos alios tulerit (e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-olum (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH quod etiam alcohol tert(io)butylicum dicitur). === De nominum imponendorum ratione === [[Fasciculus:Alcool tertiaire.gif|thumb|Structura alcoholis tertiarii.]] Alcoholum nominandorum tres sunt rationes hodie in usu<ref>[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-1-alcools-structure-denomination-et-classification/ Alcools – Structure, dénomination et classification]</ref>: *1) [[suffixum]] -ol radicali hydrocarbonei quod eundem carboniorum numerum praebeat addere poteris: ethanum/ethanol(um), methanum/methanol(um), propanum/propanol(um), butanum/butanol(um), pentanum/pentanol(um), hexanum/hexanol(um) etc. Quod si ad isomera distingenda numerum in catena carbonii atomi quod hydroxylum fert indicare necesse fuerit, ita scribes exempli gratia: 1-butanolum vel butan-1-olum ita ut intellegatur non esse 2-butanolum vel butan-2-olum in quo grex -OH cum secundo carbonio coniunctus est. Hoc nominis genus praetulit [[IUPAC]]. *2)potes etiam adiectivum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -icum ex nomine alkyli ductum nomini "alcohol" adponere ut: [[ethanolum|alcohol ethylicum]], alcool methylicum, alcohol propylicum, alcohol butylicum etc. *3)potes etiam praefixum hydroxy- nomini hydrocarbonei praeponere ut in 2-hydroxybutano: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> quod idem est atque butan-2-olum. === De proprietatibus === Greges hydroxyla [[polaritas (chemia)|polares]] sunt ita ut alcoholium moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se iungant. Quae causa est cur parva alcoholia in aqua optime solvantur atque in [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] ambienti pleraque [[Liquidum|liquida]] sunt tum cum alcana [[Massa molaris|massae molaris]] similis [[gas|gaseosa]] inveniuntur. Simili modo temperatura quo alcoholia [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] superior reperitur quam [[Aether (chemica)|aethera]] exempli gratia. Grex hydroxylum nonnumquam [[Proton|protones]] emittere potest sed quia [[Basis (chemia)|basis]] eis coniugata validissima est alcoholia in aqua non sunt [[acidum|acida]]. Pleraque alcoholia toxica sunt, ethanolum tantummodo bibere licet (nec sine damno). == Variae alcoholis species == * [[Butanol]] * [[Ethanol]] * [[Methanol]] * [[Pentanol]] * [[Propanol]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Murray Epstein, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210828140155/https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function]" in ''Alcohol Health and Research World'' vol. 21 (1997) pp. 84-93 {{NexInt}} * [[Aether (chemica)]] * [[Alcoholismus]] * [[Ebrietas]] * [[Hygiene]] * [[Officina cerevisiaria]] * [[Temetum]] * [[Telangiectasia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Alcohols|alcoholem}} * [https://scienceinsights.org/alcohols-structure-reactions-and-biochemical-roles/ Science insights] * [https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Irvine_Valley_College/Dr_D_Biochemistry_for_Health_Sciences/13%3A_Organic_Compounds_of_Oxygen/13.06%3A_Reactions_of_Alcohols De alcoholium reactionibus] *[https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol Britannica] [[Categoria:Alcohol|!]] [[Categoria:Antiseptica]] [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Hydroxydatum]] [[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} tw6qlatus3hqjhzuoncp5o2ddef114q 3960243 3960241 2026-05-17T17:22:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Alcoholic beverages.jpg|thumb|[[Potio fortis|Potiones alcoholicae]] temetum dictae.]] '''Alcohol'''<ref name="Freund1844">Freund, W. (1844/45). ''Gesammtwörterbuch der lateinischen Sprache, zum Schul- und Privat-Gebrauch.'' Breslau: Georg Philipp Aderholz.</ref><ref name="Schlickum1879">Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref><ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]], ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok'', editio secunda, 2009.</ref> (-is, ''m'' <ref name="Schlickum1879"/><ref name="Foster1891"/><ref name=NSLO/>; indecl., ''m'' <ref name=NSLO/>; -is, ''n'' <ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Foster1891"/>) (a nomine [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl'') est [[Liquidum|liquor]] sine [[color]]e, qui [[fermentatio]]ne in [[Fructus|fructuum]] suco facta exsistit, quique, cum est potus, ebrietatem in [[Homo sapiens|hominibus]] et [[animal]]ibus efficit. [[Distillatio alcoholis|Destillatione]] proportio alcoholis in [[Temetum|temeto]] augeri potest. [[Fasciculus:Alkohol - Alcohol.svg|thumb|Formula chemica alcoholis simplicissima]] Apud [[chemia|chemicos]] "alcohol" communis plerumque "'''[[ethanolum]]'''" appellatur. In chemia organica "alcoholis" nomen plures substantias ethanolo cognatas designat, quarum formula chemica est: R-OH (vide etiam imaginem). == De etymologia == Aliae formae nominis sunt ''alcool'',<ref name=SBLM>[[Stephanus Blancardus]], ''[[Lexicon Medicum]]'' (1748), lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/blanckaert/blanckaert1/jpg/s044.html 'alcohol']</ref> (-is, ''n'' <ref name=SBLM/>) ''alchool'',<ref name="Castelli1713">Castelli, B. & Bruno, J.P (1713). ''Lexicon medicum Graeco-Latinum.'' Leipzig: F. Thomas</ref><ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (Zweite Auflage). Leipzig: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> ''alcol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Kraus1844"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alkohol'',<ref name="Kraus1844">Kraus, L.A. (1844). ''Kritisch-etymologisches medicinisches Lexikon'' (Dritte Auflage). Göttingen: Verlag der Deuerlich- und Dieterichschen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Freund1844"/><ref name="Arnaudov">Arnaudov, G.D. (1964). ''Terminologia medica polyglotta. Latinum-Bulgarski-Russkij-English-Français-Deutsch.'' Sofia: Editio medicina et physcultura.</ref> (-lis, ''n.'' <ref name="Freund1844"/>) ''alkool'',<ref name="Kraus1844"/> ''alkol'',<ref name="Castelli1713"/><ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ''alcahol'',<ref name="Siebenhaar1850"/> ac ''kohol''.<ref name="Kraus1844"/> Nomen alcoholis deductum est ab [[Lingua Arabica|Arabico]] الكحل ''al-kuḥl''.<ref>Nomen Arabicum hodiernum, الكحول ''al-kuḥūl'', rursus e linguis Europaeis mutuatum est.</ref> Hoc nomine Arabes pulverem nigrum subtilem appellabant, quo [[palpebra]]s pingere solebant, quique e [[Stibium|stibio]] [[Sublimatio|sublimato]] conficiebatur. Inde apud [[Europa]]eos (ab [[saeculum 13|saeculo tertio decimo]]) alcohol pulverem subtilem non tantum stibii, sed cuiusvis substantiae siccae notabat. Quam significationem postea [[Paracelsus]] (1493-1541) amplificavit ut partem subtilissimam purissimamque, i.e. [[essentia]]m, cuiusvis substantiae, vel siccae vel liquidae, notaret, quam sublimando vel destillando parare poterat. Sic ab eodem pro "essentia vini" seu "[[spiritus vini|spiritu vini]]" saepissime "''alcool'' vini" scribebatur. Quo usu a plerisque ceteris recepto postea illud "vini" magis magisque omittebatur, ita ut nunc "alcohol" solum per se "spiritum vini" significet. Postremo [[Chemia|chemici]] usum nominis rursus amplificaverunt ut alias quoque substantias spiritui vini cognatas amplectatur.<ref>De etymologia 'alcoholis' vide: Raja Tazi, ''Arabismen im Deutschen'' (1998), [http://books.google.com/books?id=GHaGxm4TZ5wC&pg=PA136&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0&sig=ACfU3U089pbNHIaZhI6iKt8y-h2XQgSQQQ#PPA116,M1 pp.116-118], et J.D. Latham, 'Arabic into Medieval Latin', ''Journal of Semitic Studies'', 17 (1972), p.44.</ref> == In chemia organica == [[Fasciculus:Ethanol-structure.svg|thumb|Molecula ethanoli: C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH]] === De structura === [[Fasciculus:Glycerin - Glycerol.svg|thumb|Structura glycerolis (triol).]] Alcoholes sunt composita organica in quibus grex hydroxylum -OH catenae [[Alcanum|alcani]] additus est, cum atomo carbonii [[Vinculum chemicum|covalenter vinctus]] in locum atomi hydrogenii. Cum grex OH alcano cyclico iungitur non alcohol sed [[phenolum]] efficit, si atomus carbonii iam duplici vinculo cum alio atomo oxygenii iunctus est non alcohol sed [[acidum carboxylicum]] fit: R-COOH. Ita [[Ethanolum|ethanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH alcano [[Ethanum|ethano]] CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> respondet et [[Microbium|microorganismis]] per [[Fermentatio|fermentationem]] [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratorum]] creatur. Item [[methanolum|methanolum]] CH<sub>3</sub>OH alcano [[methanum|methano]] CH<sub>4</sub> respondet et in industria chemica ex [[Carbonii oxidum|carbonii oxido CO]] producitur. Alcoholia quae duos greges hydroxyla habent ''diol'' dicuntur, quae tria ''triol''. Exempli gratia ethylenum glycol est diol: HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH. Cum carbonia hydroxyla ferentia in catena vicina sunt illae moleculae glycol appellantur: in hanc categoriam ponitur [[Glycerol|glycerol]]<ref>[[IUPAC]]: propanum-1,2,3-triol.</ref> qui cum tribus [[Acidum adipatum|acidis adipatis]] vinctus [[triglyceridum|triglycerida]] format<ref>[https://fr.differkinome.com/articles/science/difference-between-glycerol-and-fatty-acids.html#Glycerol Différence entre le glycérol et les acides gras].</ref>. Glycerol etiam in [[Phospholipidum|phospholipidis]] invenitur. Alcoholia primaria dicuntur si carbonium gregem -OH ferens nullum alium gregem organicum fert (e.g. ethanolum), secundaria si unum alium tulerit (e.g. butan-2-olum), tertiaria si duos alios tulerit (e.g. 2-methylpropan-2-olum (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH quod etiam alcohol tert(io)butylicum dicitur). === De nominum imponendorum ratione === [[Fasciculus:Alcool tertiaire.gif|thumb|Structura alcoholis tertiarii.]] Alcoholum nominandorum tres sunt rationes hodie in usu<ref>[https://ecampusontario.pressbooks.pub/supplementintroductionavanceecollegechimieorganiquebiochimie/chapter/23-1-alcools-structure-denomination-et-classification/ Alcools – Structure, dénomination et classification]</ref>: *1) [[suffixum]] -ol radicali hydrocarbonei quod eundem carboniorum numerum praebeat addere poteris: ethanum/ethanol(um), methanum/methanol(um), propanum/propanol(um), butanum/butanol(um), pentanum/pentanol(um), hexanum/hexanol(um) etc. Quod si ad isomera distingenda numerum in catena carbonii atomi quod hydroxylum fert indicare necesse fuerit, ita scribes exempli gratia: 1-butanolum vel butan-1-olum ita ut intellegatur non esse 2-butanolum vel butan-2-olum in quo grex -OH cum secundo carbonio coniunctus est. Hoc nominis genus praetulit [[IUPAC]]. *2)potes etiam adiectivum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -icum ex nomine alkyli ductum nomini "alcohol" adponere ut: [[ethanolum|alcohol ethylicum]], alcool methylicum, alcohol propylicum, alcohol butylicum etc. *3)potes etiam praefixum hydroxy- nomini hydrocarbonei praeponere ut in 2-hydroxybutano: CH<sub>3</sub>CH(OH)CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> quod idem est atque butan-2-olum. === De proprietatibus === Greges hydroxyla [[polaritas (chemia)|polares]] sunt ita ut alcoholium moleculae [[Vinculum chemicum|vincula hydrogenica]] inter se iungant. Quae causa est cur parva alcoholia in aqua optime solvantur atque in [[Temperatura thermodynamica|temperatura]] ambienti pleraque [[Liquidum|liquida]] sunt tum cum alcana [[Massa molaris|massae molaris]] similis [[gas|gaseosa]] inveniuntur. Simili modo temperatura quo alcoholia [[Ebullitio|ebulliunt]] superior reperitur quam [[Aether (chemica)|aethera]] exempli gratia. Grex hydroxylum nonnumquam [[Proton|protones]] emittere potest sed quia [[Basis (chemia)|basis]] eis coniugata validissima est alcoholia in aqua non sunt [[acidum|acida]]. Pleraque alcoholia toxica sunt, ethanolum tantummodo bibere licet (nec sine damno). == Variae alcoholis species == * [[Butanol]] * [[Ethanol]] * [[Methanol]] * [[Pentanol]] * [[Propanol]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Murray Epstein, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20210828140155/https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arh21-1/84.pdf Alcohol’s Impact on Kidney Function]" in ''Alcohol Health and Research World'' vol. 21 (1997) pp. 84-93 {{NexInt}} * [[Aether (chemica)]] * [[Alcoholismus]] * [[Ebrietas]] * [[Hygiene]] * [[Officina cerevisiaria]] * [[Temetum]] * [[Telangiectasia]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Alcohols|alcoholem}} * [https://scienceinsights.org/alcohols-structure-reactions-and-biochemical-roles/ Science insights] * [https://bio.libretexts.org/Courses/Irvine_Valley_College/Dr_D_Biochemistry_for_Health_Sciences/13%3A_Organic_Compounds_of_Oxygen/13.06%3A_Reactions_of_Alcohols De alcoholium reactionibus] *[https://www.britannica.com/science/alcohol Britannica] * [https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/chemistry/alcohols-chemistry Ebsco] [[Categoria:Alcohol|!]] [[Categoria:Antiseptica]] [[Categoria:Composita organica]] [[Categoria:Hydroxydatum]] [[Categoria:Verba Arabica mutuata]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} ia4ocl93t2zapriaiau7banfr2m49ct 0 11915 3960194 3960075 2026-05-17T14:59:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960194 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Aldehyde general structure.svg|thumb|Structura aldehydorum. R [[alcanum]] aut cyclus aromaticus solet esse.]] [[Fasciculus:Formaldehyde-2D.svg|thumb|Formaldehydum.]] '''Aldehyda'''<ref name=”Schlickum”>Schlickum, O. (1879). ''Lateinisch-deutsches Special-Wörterbuch der pharmazeutischen Wissenschaften.'' Leipzig: Ernst Günther’s Verlag.</ref><ref name="Foster1891">Foster, F.D. (1891-1893). ''An illustrated medical dictionary. Being a dictionary of the technical terms used by writers on medicine and the collateral sciences, in the Latin, English, French, and German languages.'' New York: D. Appleton and Company.</ref> sunt [[Compositum chemicum|composita chemica]] [[chemia organica|organica]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O extrema catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] aut cyclo aromatico [[Vinculum chemicum|vinctum]] habent. Ille grex in aldehydorum [[Formula chemica|formulis]] -CHO scribi solet. Ita formula [[Benzaldehydum|benzaldehydi]], [[Benzenum|benzeni]] aldehydi, C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>CHO scribitur. Simplicissimum aldehydum est formaldehydum (alias [[methanal]]) quia unum [[carbonium]] continet: HCHO. Formaldehydum in aqua dilutum formol appellatur et in [[Laboratorium|laboratoriis]] ad servandos [[Textus (biologia)|textus]] biologicos adhibetur quia corruptionem inhibet. Nomen aldehydorum cum [[Suffixum|suffixo]] -al e [[Radicale (chemia)|radicali]] hydrocarboneorum ducitur: [[methanum]]/methanal, [[ethanum]]/[[ethanal]] (CH<sub>3</sub>CHO), [[propanum]]/[[propanal]] (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-CHO), [[butanum]]/butanal etc. Aldehyda exempli causa sunt [[Alkanal]]ia et [[Alkenal]]ia. Alkanalia: {|class="wikitable" |[[Methanal]]||[[Ethanal]]||[[Propanal]]||[[Butanal]]||[[Pentanal]] |- |C<sub></sub>H<sub>2</sub>O<sub></sub> |C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub></sub> |C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O<sub></sub> |C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub></sub> |C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub></sub> |} Alkenalia: * [[Hexenal]] == De proprietatibus == [[Fasciculus:Benzaldehyde.svg|thumb|Structura moleculae benzaldehydi.]] Aldehyda minora sunt moleculae volatiles et odoriferae quae multum pomorum aliarumque plantarum odoribus conferunt. Ita benzaldehydum [[Cerasus (pomum)|cerasorum]] et [[Amygdalus|amygdalorum]] saporem imitatur<ref>[https://www.lhotellerie-restauration.fr/actualite/le-benzaldehyde-un-compose-a-l-odeur-d-amande-douce-par-herve-this Hervé This, Le benzaldéhyde : un composé à l'odeur d'amande].</ref>. Ideo in [[Oleum essentiale|oleis essentialibus]] quoque inveniuntur aldehyda. In industria chemica aldehyda per oxidationem [[Alcohol|alcoholium]] cognatorum fabricantur. Ita formaldehydum per oxidationem [[Methanolum|methanoli]]. == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Alessia Catalano et alii, "[https://www.mdpi.com/2673-401X/5/4/21 Aldehydes: What We Should Know About Them]", ''Organics'', 2024: 395-428 == Nexus externi == *[[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aldehydes aldehyda] pertinent. {{NexInt}} * [[Saccharidum]] [[Categoria:Chemica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Aldehydum]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 4sbs0tgybu2qseewghqcgkd72fm1jjn 0 11924 3960199 3763641 2026-05-17T15:59:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960199 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est nomen generale compositionum chemicarum in quibus [[atomus]] [[Oxygenium|oxygenii]] et atomus [[Carbonium|carbonii]] inter se colligantur, quae invicem ipsa cum duabus vel pluribus atomis carbonii colligatur. Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} so5764hpnwg83qi0gj41d9zfvb2b0uu 3960201 3960199 2026-05-17T16:01:21Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est nomen generale compositionum chemicarum in quibus [[atomus]] [[Oxygenium|oxygenii]] et atomus [[Carbonium|carbonii]] inter se colligantur, quae invicem ipsa cum duabus vel pluribus atomis carbonii colligatur. Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} nmdimbdakxvv6pk5n50odxi8m3njh36 3960202 3960201 2026-05-17T16:06:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960202 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam vinctus est de aldehido, non de ketona agitur). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} nhyb4gqyc4p0okwie9kv5fjymudnmx8 3960203 3960202 2026-05-17T16:06:52Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960203 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam vinctus est de aldehido, non de ketona agitur). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} p8zr63uzz3bfcxedxy8em34bwo04zmu 3960204 3960203 2026-05-17T16:07:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960204 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} q58d237ph5bqtp2vvduabgqa00g04dl 3960205 3960204 2026-05-17T16:11:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960205 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH3COCH3. Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} tatm5u3j0qbifrqmnop4zcpqyx2b7j6 3960206 3960205 2026-05-17T16:12:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960206 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 6zz5tywz1n3opmy4aslcqo87nmdvg5a 3960207 3960206 2026-05-17T16:22:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960207 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 0zebcwknna1gssnl16akqb9i5o4jy9l 3960208 3960207 2026-05-17T16:26:28Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960208 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} e9tzcgmj4ce2fhwp5hnk4zdrzsm61cn 3960209 3960208 2026-05-17T16:30:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De etymologia ketonae */ 3960209 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} auryqagm3jwtwmrv1vww4s1d28pc6og 3960210 3960209 2026-05-17T16:31:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left]Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} prxtm4cy39mu777kd7zww8gybfuxevr 3960211 3960210 2026-05-17T16:31:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 8bq5gje74krvnauzfgumnhr9yrgh0kz 3960212 3960211 2026-05-17T16:31:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960212 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 6w4fqipicpj3bvw0pod6s9gsjtjbybf 3960213 3960212 2026-05-17T16:32:37Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960213 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 1dei66ucb0lgwbshzkecwtdlccaz5fu 3960214 3960213 2026-05-17T16:32:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960214 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 8bq5gje74krvnauzfgumnhr9yrgh0kz 3960215 3960214 2026-05-17T16:33:06Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960215 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 66pvcxhrte9jaegpb8w01h10rhp5avg 3960216 3960215 2026-05-17T16:35:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 9haxpm0z5p9adje0hqtsux4bqh0ljw6 3960217 3960216 2026-05-17T16:35:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960217 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} lfino8rw3xktjspz6tj0sijexybnfuv 3960218 3960217 2026-05-17T16:38:32Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960218 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} l4xpolge3x779gz49h2754c1cwyaf2e 3960219 3960218 2026-05-17T16:41:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3960219 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem alcoholis secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 363va0x32ttbf09h8e5pkj6nxnkyuor 3960220 3960219 2026-05-17T16:42:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960220 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} eun4rishixgei51e1pa5kfpgyu24bw9 3960222 3960220 2026-05-17T16:51:53Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3960222 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} apibqyas8i0p6v9y0vazcg1i1v2utwi 3960223 3960222 2026-05-17T16:52:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] bre == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} b3fhrgervv4fht1esv0bw34181g6l64 3960224 3960223 2026-05-17T16:52:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De fabricatione industriali */ 3960224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} apibqyas8i0p6v9y0vazcg1i1v2utwi 3960226 3960224 2026-05-17T16:53:03Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} npubuchlu389unzigeh0sa6d9mme4xh 3960227 3960226 2026-05-17T16:54:12Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960227 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia quae simplicissima ketone habetur: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 2ageiuag3hxbit2ve2zsvxtex1bh4xr 3960228 3960227 2026-05-17T16:57:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia quae simplicissima ketone habetur: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent * [https://www.aquaportail.com/dictionnaire/definition/14511/cetone Aquaportail] {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} br9le77s6qmduosa3zqrr53e7e4t4k5 3960229 3960228 2026-05-17T16:59:04Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3960229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia quae simplicissima ketone habetur: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétiqueKetone bodies: Definitions, synthesis and roles in energy metabolism]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent * [https://www.aquaportail.com/dictionnaire/definition/14511/cetone Aquaportail] * [https://www.britannica.com/science/ketone Britannica] {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} mo176056bl0cmobvr2i23g86yqjjpt3 3960231 3960229 2026-05-17T17:08:53Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3960231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] '''Ketonē''' ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{cite web | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | title = Meaning of suffix -one | author = AA. VV. | date = | website = Online Etymological Dictionary | access-date = 13 Aprilis 2023 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia quae simplicissima ketone habetur: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -one nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétique]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent * [https://www.aquaportail.com/dictionnaire/definition/14511/cetone Aquaportail] * [https://www.britannica.com/science/ketone Britannica] {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} iwljljajt0povc3zgx494yx9q56bvmp 3960254 3960231 2026-05-17T18:29:59Z Grufo 64423 +{{FD ref}}; minora 3960254 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ketone Structural Formula V.2.svg|thumb|right|140px|Generalis ketonae structura. R<sup>1</sup> et R<sup>2</sup> pro catenis carbonii stant.]] {{res|Kētōnē}}{{FD ref}} ({{pns|ae|f}}) seu {{res|cētōnē}}{{FD ref}} ({{pns|ae|f}}; decl. sicut [[anemone]];<ref name="suffixum-one">{{Opus | auctor = {{Vvaa}} | titulus = Meaning of suffix -one | domus editoria = Online Etymological Dictionary | url = https://www.etymonline.com/word/-one | tempus inspectionis = 2023-04-13 | quote = chemical suffix, from Greek -one, female patronymic (as in anemone, "daughter of the wind," from anemos); in chemical use denoting a "weaker" derivative. Its use in forming acetone (1830s) gave rise to the specialized chemical sense. }}</ref> vide etiam Gr. κετόνη) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[chemia organica|organicum]] quae [[Radix (chemia)|gregem]] carbonylum C=O media catena [[Hydrocarboneum|hydrocarbonea]] (sive aliphata sive cyclica) habet (si ad extremam catenam grex C=O vinctus est de [[Aldehydum|aldehydo]], non de ketona agitur). Formula [[Acetone|acetonae]] exempli gratia quae simplicissima ketone habetur: CH<sub>3</sub>COCH<sub>3</sub>. Ad nomina ketonarum creanda suffixum -ōnē nomini hydrocarbonei cognati addi solet: [[propanum]]/propanone (quae saepius acetone appellari solet), [[butanum]]/butanone, [[pentanum]]/pentanone etc. Numerus carbonii quod gregem carboxylum fert ita indicari debet: propan-2-one (alias acetone). Ketonae nominari possunt in modo vel systematis communis vel systematis [[IUPAC]]. == De etymologia ''ketonae'' == Nomen ''ketonae,'' prima littera vocabuli Theodisci ''Aketon'' (quod quidem hodie ''Aceton'' scribitur) deleta, factum est ab [[Leopoldus Gmelin|Leopoldo Gmelin]], chemico Germanico, in opere ''Handbuch der theoretischen Chemie'' (ed. quarta, [[1848]]) inscripto. Nomen [[acetone|acetonae]] a Lat. [[acetum]] et [[suffixum patronymicum]] [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Gr.]] -όνη formatus erat, cuius usus in illo vocabulo – quasi derivationem indicans – post quam Gmelin id adoptavit quoque ad nomen ketonae creandum, geniturus erat [[nomenclatura]]m [[chimica]]m (-onē) [[acidum|acidorum]] debilium.<ref name="suffixum-one" />''' == De fabricatione industriali == [[Fasciculus:Aceton.svg|thumb|Structura acetonae.]] In industria chemica ketonae per oxidationem [[alcohol|alcoholis]] secundarii producuntur secundum reactionem infrascriptam: [[Fasciculus:Oxydation d'un alcool secondaire en cétone par le dioxygène.PNG|thumb|left|Oxidatio alcoholis secundarii.]] == Exempla == * [[Acetone]] == Notae == <references/> == Plura legere si cupis == *Romane Bertrand, Fabrizio Andreelli, Jean-Michel Lecerf. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1957255722002127 Corps cétoniques : définitions, synthèse et rôles dans le métabolisme énergétique]", ''Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques'', 2022: 580-585 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ketones ketonas] pertinent * [https://www.aquaportail.com/dictionnaire/definition/14511/cetone Aquaportail] * [https://www.britannica.com/science/ketone Britannica] {{NexInt}} * [[Diketone]] * [[Aldehydum]] * [[Saccharides]] {{chem-stipula}} [[Categoria:Chemia organica]] [[Categoria:Composita chemica]] [[Categoria:Ketonae]] {{Myrias|Physica}} tfpdti6zom2ho33u0wwamx2aop0cu1y 0 26174 3960287 3759610 2026-05-17T23:22:34Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Civilitas}} [[Fasciculus:Freedom House world map 2007.png|thumb|350px|left|Haec tabula statum democratiae (aut [[libertas|libertatis]] politicae) in [[tellus|orbe terrarum]] anno [[2007]] monstrat. ''[[Viridis|Viridi]] [[color]]e:'' [[libertas|liberae]], accurate [[Civitas|civitates]], quae democratiae liberae ab organizatione [[Domus Libertatis|Domus Libertatis]] putantur. ''[[Flammeus|Flammeo]] colore:'' partim liberae. ''[[Ruber|Rubro]] colore:'' non liberae. Fons: [[Domus Libertatis]].]] [[Fasciculus:2019 Democracy index.svg|thumb|350px|left|]] '''Democratia'''<ref name="Axters1937">Axters, S. (1937). ''Scholastiek lexicon Latijn-Nederlandsch.'' Antwerpen: Geloofsverdediging.</ref> {{victio|democratia|ae|fem}} ([[Lingua Graeca|Graece]]: ''δημοκρατία,'' ex δῆμος 'populus' + κρατία 'imperium'<ref>Henry George Liddell et Robert Scott, "Demokratia" [https://web.archive.org/web/20070914202111/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry%3d%2324422] in ''A Greek-English Lexicon,'' apud Perseum situm interretiale.</ref>) est modus [[respublica|reipublicae]] regendae vel [[forma administrationis]] quo potestas gubernandi ex populo nascitur, aut recto referendo ([[democratia recta]]) aut per [[legatus|legatos]] a populo electos ([[democratia repraesentativa]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=250&Itemid=198 |title=Democracy Conference |publisher=Innertemple.org.uk |date= |access date=[[22 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> [[Nomen]] factum est medio [[saeculum 5 a.C.n.|saeculo quinto a.C.n.]] ad significanda [[systemata politica]] quae tum in aliquibus [[civitas|civitatibus]] [[Graecia antiqua|Graecis]] exstabant, insigniter [[Athenae|Athenis]] post tumultum popularem anno [[508 a.C.n.]]<ref name="BBC1">"Democracy is people who rule the government directly." [http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ancient/greeks/greekdemocracy_01.shtml BBC History of Democracy.]</ref> Quamquam nulla definitio ''democratiae'' ab omnibus accipitur,<ref>[http://www.economist.com/markets/rankings/displaystory.cfm?story_id=8908438 Liberty and justice for some] in [[The Economist|www.economist.com]].</ref> aequalitas [[libertas]]que ut graves democratiae proprietates ex [[antiquitas|antiquo tempore]] agnoscuntur.<ref name="AristotlePol1317b">{{cite web|url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0058%3Abook%3D6%3Asection%3D1317b |title=Aristotle, Politics.1317b (Book 6, Part II) |publisher=Perseus.tufts.edu |date= |accessdate=[[22 Augusti]] [[2010]]}}.</ref> Haec principia poscunt omnes cives esse [[Aequalitas ante legem|aequales ante legem]] et eis aeque esse aditus ad potestatem. Exempli gratia, in [[democratia repraesentativa]], omne [[suffragium]] pondus idem habet, nullae angustiae pertinere possunt ad quemvis qui fieri legatus vult, et [[libertas]] civium a [[ius|iuribus]] legitimis confirmatur quae ipsa a constitutione usitate proteguntur.<ref name="BKMIT">R. Alan Dahl, I. Shapiro, et J. A. Cheibub, ''The Democracy Sourcebook'' (Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: MIT Press, 2003, ISBN 0-262-54147-5), [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=B8THIuSkiqgC Nexus Google Books.]</ref><ref name="BKHenaff">M. Hénaff et T. B. Strong, ''Public Space and Democracy'' (University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0-8166-3387-8).</ref> Hoc est principium democratiae: "Quod omnes tangit, ab omnibus comprobetur."<!--Fons?--> == Historia == === Rerum publicarum formae secundum [[Polybius|Polybium]] === {| class="wikitable" | Numerus regnantium || bonum commune || commodum proprium |- | unus || [[monarchia]] || [[tyrannis]] |- | nonnulli || [[aristocratia]] || [[oligarchia]] |- | omnes || democratia || [[ochlocratia]] |} === Secundum Spinozam === [[Benedictus de Spinoza]] definivit in [[Tractatus Politicus|Tractatu Politico]]: "XVII. Hoc ius, quod multitudinis potentia definitur, [[Imperium]] appellari solet. Atque hoc is absolute tenet, qui curam [[res publica|Reipublicae]] ex communi consensu habet, nempe [[ius|iura]] statuendi, interpretandi, et abolendi, urbes muniendi, de [[bellum|bello]], et [[pax|pace]] decernendi, etc. Quod si haec cura ad Concilium pertineat, quod ex communi multitudine componitur, tum Imperium Democratia appellatur, si autem ex quibusdam tantum selectis, [[Aristocratia]], et si denique Reipublicae cura, et consequenter imperium penes unum sit, tum [[monarchia]] appellatur."<ref>Benedictus de Spinoza, ''[[Tractatus politicus]]'' Caput II, XVII</ref> {{NexInt}} {{div col|cols=4}} *[[Civitas in legibus posita]] *[[Comitia]] *[[Communitas democratiarum]] *[[Defectio libertatis]]<!--Freedom deficit--> *[[Democratia cosmopolitana]] *[[Democratia liberalis]] *[[Democratia parliamentaria]] *[[Democratia recta]] *[[Democratia socialis]] *[[Democratizatio]] *[[Dictatura]] *[[Dies internationalis democratiae]] *[[Domus Libertatis]]<!--Anglice: Freedom House--> *[[E-democratia]] *[[Forma administrationis]] *[[Index democratiae]] *[[Index generum democratiae]] *[[Ius naturale]] *[[Ius gentium]] *[[Iura humana]] *[[Iura minoritatum]] *[[Liberalismus]] *[[Monumentum democratiae]] *[[Netocratia]] *[[Oeconomica constitutionalis]] *[[Polyarchia]] *[[Promotio democratiae]] *[[Iohannes Rawls]] *[[Sociocracia]] *[[Sortitio]] *[[Suffragatio]] *[[Suffragium ferre]] *[[Suffragium universale]] *[[Tyrannis maioritatis]] *[[Utopia]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== * Marsilius, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605210024/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11254/#languages=lat&page=2 ''Defensor pacis''] (Basiliae: Valentinus Curio, 1522) [[Categoria:Democratia| ]] [[Categoria:Res politicae]] [[Categoria:Res publica]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Societas}} jiawcieb56ih8znwnjxkijq1ju00ry7 0 38961 3960440 3754484 2026-05-18T10:22:49Z -wuppertaler 64557 changed one image (higher resolution) 3960440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Vallis Dulcis'''<ref>"[http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0005/bsb00050914/images/index.html?id=00050914&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=568 Vallis Dulcis]" in {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref>Vb. adiect. "Vadutiensis", cf. {{CathHierDiocese|vadu|Archidioecesis Vadutiensis}}.</ref> (vulgo ''Vaduz'') est [[urbs]] 5941 incolarum (anno [[2014]]) et [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[principatus]] [[Lichtenstenum|Lichtensteniensis]]. == [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana]] == Dulcis Vallis est sedes [[archidioecesis]] Vadutiensis anno [[1997]] creatae. Praesens et primus archiepiscopus est [[Volfgangus Haas]]. == Res oeconomicae == Dulcis Vallis urbs rebus [[commercium|commerciis]] affluens et propter [[pecunia]]e reditus [[argentaria]]rum opulenta est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vaduz|Dulcem vallem}} * [http://www.vaduz.li/ Situs proprius] * {{LHH|7133|Autor=Arthur Brunhart}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Vaduz centre.jpg|Despectus in mediam urbem Liechtenstein asv2022-10 img22 Vaduz Schloss.jpg|[[Castellum]] </gallery> {{urbs-stipula}} {{Urbes Europae capitales}} [[Categoria:Capita]] [[Categoria:Communia Lichtensteni]] 526u5od0kwzyoolujixhurbulhc8qrn 0 39348 3960313 3931640 2026-05-18T02:04:16Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} [[Fasciculus:Spacetime_curvature.png|upright=1.5|thumb|Secundum [[theoria]]m gravitatis Einsteinianam, materia ipsa [[natura]] [[spatium]] et [[tempus]] flectit, unde [[vis gravitatis]] oritur. Difficile est [[animus|animo]] fictu flexio [[dimensio]]num trium, difficilius quattuor, ergo haec imago modo monstrat flexionem duarum.]] {{res|Gravitas}},<ref name="vitruvius-8-3">Vide [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruviui]] ''[[De architectura (Vitruvius)|De architectura]]'', {{Vf|De architectura/Liber VII|Caput Octavum|VII, 8, 3}}: "Ita non amplitudine ponderis sed genere singularum rerum gravitatem esse non est negandum." Pro editione [[impressio|impressa]], videatur {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Vitruvius | nomen auctoris = Marcus Pollio | commentatio de auctore = Marcus Vitruvius Pollio | cognomen redactoris 1 = Howard | nomen redactoris 1 = Alfredus A. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Warren | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbert | cognomen redactoris 3 = Robinson | nomen redactoris 3 = Nelson | cognomen redactoris 4 = Morgan | nomen redactoris 4 = Morris Hicky | titulus = Ten Books on Architecture | commentatio = De architectura (Vitruvius) | annus = 1914 | annus primae editionis = -24 | capitulum = 7 | latine = De Architectura libri decem | pagina = 215 | url paginae = http://www.gutenberg.org/files/20239/20239-h/29239-h.htm#Page_215 | locus = [[Cantabrigia Massachusettensium|Cantabrigiae Massachusettensii]] | domus editoria = Harvard University Press }}</ref><ref>{{*Cfr}} [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], {{Op|[[De natura deorum (Cicero)|De natura deorum]]}}, {{Vf|De natura deorum/Liber II|II. 116.}}: “Quocirca si [[Tellus (planeta)|mundus]] globosus est ob eamque causam omnes eius partes undique aequabiles ipsae per se atque inter se continentur, contingere idem [[Terra (solum)|terrae]] necesse est, ut omnibus eius partibus in medium vergentibus (id autem medium infimum in sphaera est) nihil interrumpat quo labefactari possit tanta contentio {{lectio|gravitatis}} et [[massa|ponderum]].”</ref><ref>Isaacus Newtonus ipse solus dicit ''vim gravitatis'' et verba similia et numquam dicit ''gravitatio'' (''Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica,'' prima editio anno [[1687]], secunda editio anno [[1713]]).</ref>{{LTL ref|gravitas|618}} seu {{res|gravitatio}},<ref>[http://www.xs4all.nl/~adcs/beeckman/suppl/Descartes.html Isaacus Beekmann] novum sensum de gravitationis verbo explicat anno 1618: "Secundo, ut quid significet verbum gravitare intelligatur, fingendum est corpus quod gravitare dicitur deorsum moveri, et illud in primo instanti motus considerandum est. Vis enim qua in primo instanti impellitur motus, ea est quae gravitatio vocatur, non illa quae illud in toto motu fert deorsum, quae a prima valde distincta esse potest. Dicemus igitur gravitationem esse vim qua proxima superficies [[corpus|corpori]] gravi subjecta, ab eodem premitur."</ref> aliquando apud [[scriptor]]es [[Romani|Romanos]] {{res|nutus}} appellata,<ref>[[Cicero|Ciceronis]], [[Tusculanae disputationes]], 1.17: "terrena suopte nutu et suo pondere in terram ferri, &c."</ref>{{LTL ref|nutus|417}} est [[res]] [[physica]] quo [[pondus]] efficitur, omnia [[corpus|corpora]] inter se compelluntur, et omnes [[planeta]]e in [[orbita|gyris]] circum [[sol]]em tenentur. [[Vis]] gravitatis in physica est maxime imbecilla e quattuor [[vis fundamentalis|viribus fundamentalibus]]. [[Fasciculus:Portrait of Sir Isaac Newton, 1689.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|[[Isaacus Newtonus]] Eques, [[physicus]] [[Anglia|Anglicus]] (1642–1727).]] Prima gravitatis [[theoria]] late patens ab [[Isaacus Newtonus|Isaaco Newtono]] anno [[1687]] proposita est, qua fere omnia gyra [[planeta]]rum [[systema solare|systematis solaris nostri]] explicata sint. Tunc [[Albertus Einstein]] vim gravitatis secundum suam [[relativitas generalis|theoriam relativisticam]] anno [[1923]] redexplicavit. Secundum theoriam Einsteinianam, vis gravitatis fundamentaliter non est vis per se, sed effectum flectionis [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporisque]], quam omnes [[massa]]e efficiunt. Quamquam theoria Newtoniana sola corpora [[massa|massiva]] inter se compelli habebat, theoria Einsteiniana omnia corpora [[energia]]m cohibentia inter se compelli statuit. == Antiquitas == Qualis sit [[machinatio]] gravitatis a nonnullis [[philosophus|philosophis]] [[antiquitas|antiquis]] exploratus est. In [[Graecia antiqua|Graecia]], [[Aristoteles]] credidit res in [[Tellus (planeta)|Terram]] decidisse quia Terra centrum [[universum|universi]] erat, quod totam [[massa]]m in [[universum|universo]] attrahebat. Existimavit etiam [[celeritas|celeritatem]] rei cadentis [[pondus|pondere]] suo augeri, sed haec [[coniectura]] postea a [[Galilaeus Galilaei|Galilaeo Galilaei]] falsa monstrata est.<ref>Edward Grant, ''The foundations of modern science in the Middle Ages'' [https://archive.org/details/foundationsofmod0000gran/page/60/mode/2up pp. 60-61] (exemplar mutuabile apud ''Internet Archive'').</ref> [[Plutarchus]] recte praedixit attractionem gravitatis non modo Terrae esse. [[Archimedes]] adeptus est ut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|barycentrum|en|qid=Q2945123}} [[triangulum|trianguli]] inveniret.<ref>{{cite book | author1 = Reviel Neitz | author2 = William Noel | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ZC1MOaAkKnsC&pg=PT125 | title = The Archimedes Codex: Revealing The Secrets of the World's Greatest Palimpsest | date = [[13 Octobris]] [[2011]] | publisher = Hachette in Britanniarum Regno | isbn = 978-1-78022-198-4 | page = 125 | access-date = 10 April 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200107004958/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZC1MOaAkKnsC&pg=PT125 | archive-date = 7 Ianuarii 2020 | url-status = live }}</ref> Duobus post [[saeculum|saeculis]], [[Marcus Vitruvius Pollio|Vitruvius]] [[architectus]] Romanus in [[liber (litterae)|libro]] ''De architectura'' contendit gravitatem non amplitudine ponderis [[substantia]]e, sed genere eius dependere.<ref name="vitruvius-8-3" /> == Renascentia Europaea == [[Leonardus Vincius]] (1452–1519) {{Latinitas dolet|delineationem fecit accelerationem rerum cadentium. Scripsit "matrem et originem gravitatis" esse industriam. Duo paria virium physicorum describit, quae a metaphysica oriuntur, et effectum habent in omnibus: vim et motum, ac gravitatem et resistentiam abundantiam. Gravitatem sociat cum elementis classicis, aqua et terra frigidis, et industriam suam infinitam appellat. In [[Codex Arundel|codice Arundel]] Leonardus memoratur, si vas aquae fundens transversaliter moveatur, simulans trajectoriam obiecti verticalis cadentis; triangulum rectum cum paribus cruris longitudinis, ex materia caduca composita hypotenusam et vas trajectorium unum crurum efformans.<ref>Jennifer Ouellette, "[https://arstechnica.com/science/2023/02/leonardo-noted-link-between-gravity-and-acceleration-centuries-before-einstein/ Leonardo noted link between gravity and acceleration before Newton]" (2023) apud ''Ars Technica.''</ref> In hypotenusa, Leonardus notavit aequivalentiam duorum orthogonalium motuum, unum per gravitatem et alterum ab experimento propositam.}}<ref>Morteza Gharib, Chris Roh, et Flavio Noca, "[https://direct.mit.edu/leon/article-abstract/56/1/21/113863/Leonardo-da-Vinci-s-Visualization-of-Gravity-as-a Leonardo da Vinci’s Visualization of Gravity as a Form of Acceleration]" in ''Leonardo'' vol. 56 no. 1 (2023).</ref> == Theoria Newtoniana == {{Pagina principalis|Lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana}} [[Fasciculus:Orbit5.gif|thumb|[[Traiectoria planetarum|Traiectoriae]] duorum planetarum qui secundum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtoni]] descriptionem ab vi gravitatis vinculati sunt. Motio planetarum sub vi gravitatis dicitur gravitatio.]] [[Isaacus Newtonus]] formula gravitatis deduxit ab analysi legum [[Renatus Cartesius|Renati Cartesii]], [[Galilaeus Galilaei|Galilaei Galilaei]], imprimisque legum [[Iohannes Keplerus|Ioannis Kepleri]], quae proprietates gyrorum planetarum describunt. Formula quam Newtonus deduxit est:<ref>Raymond A. Serway et John W. Jewett, ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers,'' ed. sexta (Brooks/Cole, 2004), ISBN 0-534-40842-7.</ref> :::<math>\vec \mathbf{F}_{12} = - G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}, \mathbf{\hat{r}}_{12}</math> ubi * <math>\vec \mathbf{F}_{12}</math> est vis attractus in corpus 1 ob corpus 2, * ''G'' est [[constans gravitatis]] quod valet vere ac 6.67 × 10<sup>-11</sup> Nm²/kg², * ''m''<sub>1</sub> et ''m''<sub>2</sub> sunt massae corporum, * ''r'' est intervallum inter centra corporum, et * <math> \mathbf{\hat{r}}_{12} \ \stackrel{\mathrm{def}}{=}\ \frac{\vec \mathbf{r}_1 - \vec \mathbf{r}_2}{\vert \vec \mathbf{r}_1 - \vec \mathbf{r}_2\vert} </math> est directio ad corpus 1 a corpore 2. Plane, quia omnia dividuntur a quadrata potestate intervalli, corpora quae ulterius ab se distant, minus inter se tractantur. Eodem modo, corpora massiviora magis compelluntur. === De natura ponderis secundum Newtonum === [[Fasciculus:Leaning tower of pisa 2.jpg|thumb|250px|Turris [[Pisae|Pisarum]] [[Italia]]e ubi [[Galilaeus Galilaei|Galileo]] dicitur [[saeculum 16|saeculo sexto decimo]] pilas massis discrepantibus iecisse, ut demonstretur omnia corpora vi gravitatis cadere adaeque.<ref>[http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2004/06may_lunarranging.htm De experimenta Galilei et versiones modernae.]</ref><ref>Rick Groleau. [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/galileo/experiments.html Galileo's Battle for the Heavens]. July 2002.</ref><ref>Phil Ball. [http://www.hindu.com/seta/2005/06/30/stories/2005063000351500.htm Science history: setting the record straight.] June 30, 2005.</ref> Secundum Newtonum, hoc experimentum et similia comprobant aequivalentiam inter massam gravitatis et massam inertialis. ]] Secundum theoriam gravitatis Newtonianam, pondus corporis super superficie [[Tellus|Telluris]] correspondet vi gravitatis Telluricae in corpus. Pondus ''P'' in [[massa]]m ''m'', ut supra, igitur formula <math>P = mg</math> datur ubi [[acceleratio]]nis magnitudo ''g'' est :::<math>g = G \frac{m_{T}}{R_T^2}\simeq 9.81</math> m/s², <math>m_{T}</math> massa Telluris, <math>R_{T}</math> radius superficiei Telluris, et ''G'' constans gravitatis. Ut consequentia huius formulae, eadem acceleratio ''g'' est omnibus corporibus in statu libere cadendi (id est, si contra gravitatis vim non fulciatur). Omnia corpora igitur in vacuo cadunt adaeque, etsi massas distinctas habent, quod secundum [[Leges motus Newtoni|secundam legem Newtonianam]] vis aequat pondus :::<math> \vec F = \vec P \rightarrow m\vec a = m \vec g \rightarrow \vec a = \vec g</math>. Haec conclusio, quam multa experimenta Galilei diu comprobaverunt, multum pendet in aequivalentia massae inventae in lege gravitatis et massae inertialis inventae in secunda lege Newtoniana. Haec aequivalentia, quae tam maximi momenti physicae Newtonianae est, saepe appellatur "Principium Aequivalentiae Galilei." <ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081022174402/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2007/18may_equivalenceprinciple.htm De experimenta NASA moderna Principum Aequivalentiae Galilei probans (Anglice).]</ref><ref>[http://www.iop.org/EJ/abstract/0264-9381/13/11A/028 De experimenta in aëroplanis Principum Aequivalentiae Galilei probans]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}; Vide etiam http://eotvos.dm.unipi.it/documents/specificissues/aaaf.pdf .</ref> === De sententia quam Newtonus de sua formula habebat === Newtonus ipse suam formulam credidit imperfectam, quod, secundum eam, vires gravitationales sine ulla mora per [[spatium]] translatae sunt. De hoc phaenomeno, quod hodie dicitur [[actio trans distantiam|actiones trans distantias]], autem, Newtonus nullas explicationes habebat in "[[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica|Philosophiae Naturali Principia Mathematica]]". {{Citatio|Rationem vero harum gravitatis proprietatum ex phaenomenis nondum potui deducere, et hypotheses non fingo. Quicquid enim ex phaenomenis non deducitur, hypothesis vocanda est; et hypotheses seu metaphysicae, seu physicae, seu qualitatum occultarum, seu mechanicae, in philosophia experimentali locum non habent. In hac philosophia propositiones deducuntur ex phaenomenis, et redduntur generales per inductionem. Sic impenetrabilitas, mobilitas, impetus corporum, et leges motuum et gravitatis innotuerunt. Et satis est quod Gravitas revera existat, et agat secundum leges a nobis expositas, et ad corporum caelestium et maris nostri motus omnes sufficiat."|Isaacus Newtonus<ref>Scholium Generale: [[Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica]], Secunda Editio, anno [[1713]] </ref>}} Newtonus quoque sentiebat causam gravitatis quandam esse necessariam,<ref>Secundum chartam ad Dr Bentley 25 Februarii [[1693]] (I B Cohen, Isaac Newton's papers and letters on natural philosophy and related documents (Cambridge, 1958), p. 302): "It is inconceivable that inanimate brute matter should, without the mediation of something else, which is not material, operate upon, and effect other matter without mutual contact, as it must be if gravitation in the sense of Epicurus be essential and inherent in it. And this is one reason why I desired you would not ascribe innate gravity to me. That gravity should be innate, inherent and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me a great absurdity, and I believe that no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking, can ever fall into it. Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws; but whether this agent be material or immaterial I have left to the consideration of my reader"; capta e [https://web.archive.org/web/20080116131732/http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/HistTopics/Gravitation.html sito interretiali].</ref> sed nullae [[idea]]e de causa futurae erant trecentos annos. == Explicatio quam Einstein proposuit == [[Fasciculus:JeffersonLeft.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Turris]] laeva Laboratorii Jeffersonis Universitatis Harvardianae, ubi [[Robertus Pound]] et [[Glen Rebka]] experimenta celebra annis inter [[1959]] et [[1964]] fecerunt effectum dilatationis temporis necessarium ad gratitationem explicandam secundum principia Einsteiniana confirmantes.<ref name="rebka"> [http://focus.aps.org/story/v16/st1 Descriptio in Physical Review Focus]; [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v3/i9/p439_1 "Gravitational Red-Shift in Nuclear Resonance"], R. V. Pound et G. A. Rebka Jr., ''Physical Review Letters'' 3: 439 (1959); [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v4/i7/p337_1 "Apparent weight of photons"], R. V. Pound et G. A. Rebka Jr., ''Physical Review Letters'' 4: 337 (1964).</ref>]] Tandem [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]], difficultas [[actio trans distantiam|actionum trans distantias]], quae theoriam Newtonianam tantum subruit, a Alberto Einstein superata est eius theoria [[Relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]], quod in theoria Einsteiniana omnes effectus, illique gravitationales inclusi, celeritate lucis movent. Secundum Einstein, virum gravitatis causa est flectio spatii temporisque. Einstein, ad suam theoriam relativisticam commentam, magnopere confisus est: * Principio Immutabilis [[celeritas luminis|Celeritatis Lucis]], quod dixit lucem esse eadem maxima celeritate aeque ubique in universo; * Principio Aequivalentiae Einstein, quod dixit a perspectiva systematum coordinatarum: "Non possumus distinguere effectum gravitatis a effecto accelerationis in systemate coordinatarum";<ref> Primum dictum de Principio Aequivalentiae ad [[Anglice|linguam Anglicam]] ab Anna Beck versum, Albertus Einstein anno [[1907]]: "we . . . assume the complete physical equivalence of a gravitational field and a corresponding acceleration of the reference system"; "Über das Relativitätsprinzip und die aus demselben gezogene Folgerungen," ''Jahrbuch der Radioaktivitaet und Elektronik'' 4 (1907); in "On the relativity principle and the conclusions drawn from it," in The collected papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 2 : The Swiss years: writings, 1900–1909 (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1989).</ref> <ref>Albertus Einstein, "Über den Einfluß der Schwerkraft auf die Ausbreitung des Lichtes," ''Annalen der Physik'' 35 (1911); ad linguam Anglicam ab Anna Beck versum: "On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light" in ''The collected papers of Albert Einstein. Vol. 3 : The Swiss years: writings, 1909–1911'' (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, 1994), et in ''The Principle of Relativity,'' (Dover, 1924), pp 99–108, W. Perrett and G. B. Jeffery translators, ISBN 0-486-60081-5; Vide etiam situm interretialem Anglice: [http://www1.kcn.ne.jp/~h-uchii/gen.GR.html The Genesis of General Relativity].</ref> et * Principiis mathematicis [[geometria differentialis|geometriae differentialis]], quibus nobis licet flectionem spatialum temporumque dicere secundum leges mathematicales. Ut omnia haec principia simul honorata sint, Einstein deduxit prope corpora massiva, sicut Tellurem, tempus segnius spatiumque brevius necesse esse. Einstein tunc hypothesim fecit, ut gravitatio deflectio traiectoriarum sit ob hanc flexionem spatii temporisque. Postea multa experimenta observationesque hanc flexionem a Einstein predictam confirmaverunt. Inter eorum celeberrima fuit experimenta a Pound et Rebka annis ab [[1959]] ad [[1964]] facta, quae modo quantitativo confirmaverunt effectum dilatationis temporis necessarium ad gravitationem explicandam secundum principia relativitatis Einsteiniana.<ref name="rebka"> [http://focus.aps.org/story/v16/st1 Descriptio in Physical Review Focus]; [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v3/i9/p439_1 "Gravitational Red-Shift in Nuclear Resonance"], R. V. Pound et G. A. Rebka Jr., ''Physical Review Letters'' 3: 439 (1959); [http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PRL/v4/i7/p337_1 "Apparent weight of photons"], R. V. Pound et G. A. Rebka Jr., ''Physical Review Letters'' 4: 337 (1964).</ref> === De natura spatii secundum Einstein === Diu physici praecipuam sentiebant materiam exsistere nomine ''aethere,'' quae omne [[spatium]] inter [[corpus|corpora]] complet. Imprimis Einstein, cum anno [[1905]] theoriam [[relativitas specialis|relativitatis specialis]] inveniret, aetherem exsistere negabat, sed iterum circum annum [[1920]] Einstein ipse invenit notionem aetheris necesse esse, ut una [[relativitas generalis|theoria relativitatis generalis]] satisfactoria sine [[actiones trans distantias|actionibus trans distantias]] creetur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070419024649/http://www.tu-harburg.de/rzt/rzt/it/Ether.html A. Einstein, "Aether and the theory of Relativity" (University of Leyden, 1920).] Anglice: "Recapitulating, we may say that according to the general theory of relativity space is endowed with physical qualities; in this sense, therefore, there exists an ether. According to the general theory of relativity space without ether is unthinkable; for in such space there not only wonld be no propagation of light, but also no possibility of existence for standards of space and time (measuring-rods and clocks), nor therefore any space-time intervals in the physical sense. But this ether may not be thought of as endowed with the quality characteristic of ponderable inedia, as consisting of parts which may be tracked through time. The idea of motion may not be applied to it."</ref> Novus autem aether Alberto Einstein non erat ex materia corporeali antiqua, nec ex partibus positiones distinctas habentibus; novus aether simpliciter erat sedes [[campus electricus|campi electromagnetici]] gravitatisque. In omni loco spatii temporisque, aether particulis corporibusque communicaturus est quantum et quo modo flexum est spatium tempusque. == Notae == <references /> == Bbliographia == * {{cite book | last = Halliday | first = David | author2 = Robert Resnick | author3 = Kenneth S. Krane | title = Physics v. 1 | location = Novi Eboraci | publisher = John Wiley & Sons | date = [[2001]] | isbn = 0471320579}}. * {{cite book | last = Serway | first = Raymond A. | author2 = Jewett, John W. | title = Physics for Scientists and Engineers | edition = sexta | publisher = Brooks/Cole | date = [[2004]] | isbn = 0534408427}}. * {{cite book |author=Thorne, Kip S. |author2=Misner, Charles W. |author3=Wheeler, John Archibald |title=Gravitation |publisher=W. H. Freeman |date=[[1973]] |isbn=0716703440}}. * {{cite book | last = Tipler | first = Paul | title = Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Mechanics, Oscillations and Waves, Thermodynamics | edition = quinta | publisher = W. H. Freeman | date = [[2004]] | isbn = 0716708094}}. *Wald, Robert M. [[1994]]. ''Quantum Field Theory in Curved Spacetime and Black Hole Thermodynamics.'' Sicagi: Chicago University Press. ISBN 0-226-87027-8. {{NexInt}} * [[Antigravitas]] * [[Constans gravitatis]] * [[Fluctus gravitatis]] * [[Particula subatomica]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Relativitas generalis]] * [[Relativitas specialis]] * [[Spatium Calabi-Yau]] * [[Vis aestualis]] == Nexus externi == {{wiktionary}} {{CommuniaCat|Gravitation|gravitationem}} * [http://books.google.com/books?id=WqaGuP1HqE0C&printsec=titlepage Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, a Newtono scripta] {{Ling|Latine}} [[Categoria:Acceleratio]] [[Categoria:Mechanica caelestis]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} tet9y27mnbcsh8w4ieu1u3i4sv1vl4k 0 52360 3960291 3539734 2026-05-17T23:48:00Z Bartholomite 116968 3960291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Citatio|''[[Honeste vivere, neminem laedere, suum cuique tribuere]]''|Ulpianus, [[Digesta]] 1.1.10.1}} {{res|Gnaeus Domitius Annius Ulpianus}} (natus [[Tyrus|Tyri]] die ignoto; mortuus [[Roma]]e anno [[223]]) fuit clarissimus [[iuris consultus]]. Ab anno [[222]] [[praefectus praetorio]] imperatoris [[Alexander Severus|Alexandri Severi]] erat. Constitutiones [[Theodosius II|Theodosii II]] et [[Valentinianus III|Valentiniani III]] anno [[426]] editae putant Ulpianum unum ex quinque maioribus iuris consultis cum [[Gaius (iuris consultus)|Gaio]], [[Papinianus|Papiniano]], [[Iulius Paulus|Paulo]] et [[Herennius Modestinus|Modestino]] esse. == De cursu honorum == Inter 202 et 209 a libellis Augusti fuit, deinde ab anno incerto usque ad annum 222 praefectus annonae, postremo vero vitae anno (222-223) [[Praefectus praetorio|praefectus praetorio]]. Coram Alexandro Severo ab ipsis [[Praetoriani|praetorianis]] seditionem moventibus interfectus est. == Opera == * ''Institutiones'' ad tirones et studentes destinatae. Praeclarum est prooemium huius libri quia a compilatoribus sexti saeculi electum est quod prooemium ''[[Digesta|Digestorum]]'' fieret. * ''LI libri ad Sabinum'' de iure civili, qui amplissimis commentariis ad tres libros iurisconsulti primi saeculi [[Masurius Sabinus|Sabini Masuri]] constabant. Multa excerpta illorum librorum in [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] ''[[Digesta|Digestis]]'' leguntur, sed amputata omissis argumentationibus et diversis opinionibus. Parva excerpta integra et quinto saeculo exarata in [[Palimpsestus|codice quodam rescripto]] [[Bibliotheca Vaticanae|Bibliothecae Vaticanae]]<ref>Vat. Lat. 5766. De comparatione vide Dario Mantovani, ''[https://books.openedition.org/lesbelleslettres/198 Les juristes écrivains de la Roma antique]'', 2018 ː 31-37.</ref> feliciter servata sunt. *''Libri ad edictum'', in ''Digestis'' Iustiniani excerpti, qui commentariis edicti praetoriani constabant. * ''Liber singularis regularum'' == Sententiae == * ''Ius est ars [[ex aequo et bono|boni et aequi]]'' * ''Princeps legibus solutus est'' * ''Quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem'' * ''Iuris sententiae sunt haec: [[honeste vivere, neminem laedere, suum cuique tribuere]]'' * ''[[Iustitia]] est constans et perpetua voluntas ius suum cuique tribuendi'' * ''Volenti non fit iniuria'' == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{PND|118803123|nomen=Ulpiani aut de Ulpiano}} * [http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-bio/3612.html De Ulpiano] in ''A dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology'', I, [[Londinium|Londinii]], anno 1870, v. 3, pp. 2178 {{Ling|Anglice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Ulpianus, Domitius}} [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] [[Categoria:Mortui 223]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Syropalaestinae Graecoromanae]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 2]] l51tetwxlfyo99oon9gjgoshnmjbwyo 0 55651 3960293 3718122 2026-05-17T23:57:42Z Bartholomite 116968 3960293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Hartmannus Grisar}} (natus die [[22 Septembris]] [[1845]] [[Confluentes|Confluentibus]]; mortuus die [[25 Februarii]] [[1932]] [[Pons Aeni|Ponte Aeni]]) fuit [[Iesuitae|Iesuita]] et Ecclesiae [[rerum gestarum scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{PND|116855320|nomen=Hartmann Grisar aut de Hartmann Grisar}} * {{BBKL|g/grisar_h|auctor=Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz|commentatio=GRISAR, Hartmann|tomus=2|columna=353}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070716165919/http://www.gerhardhufnagel.mynetcologne.de/grisar/hgg_start.htm Familia Grisar] {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Grisar, Hartmann}} [[Categoria:Historici Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Iesuitae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Nati 1845]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1932]] gcye7a0ctxe05s9i87n3ccysp41boom 1 58014 3960292 2929436 2026-05-17T23:53:57Z Xqbot 9619 rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Disputatio:Rhegium]] 3960292 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Disputatio:Rhegium]] d3gsmqwuenxxcuhxn7b8owlnjvtaymu 0 60036 3960253 3865812 2026-05-17T18:23:41Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960253 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:TucholskyParis1928.jpg|thumb|Tucholsky [[Lutetia]]e anno [[1928]]]] [[Fasciculus:Berlin_plaque_K_Tucholsky.jpg|thumb|upright|left|Monumentum in aedibus ubi natus est Tucholsky, Berolini]] ''' Curtius Tucholsky''' ([[Berolinum|Berolini]] die [[9 Ianuarii]] [[1890]] natus; [[mors voluntaria|mortem sibi conscivit]] [[Gothoburgum|Gothoburgi]] die [[21 Decembris]] [[1935]]) fuit [[diarium|diurnarius]] et [[scriptor]] [[Germania|Germanicus]] aetate [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rei Publicae Vimarianae]]. Tucholsky contra [[miles|militiam]] et [[bellum]] semper pugnavit, ergo pugnax [[NSDAP|nazistarum]] adversarius fuit. Tamen a rectione Nazismi oppressus est et a [[censura]] damnatus est. == Vita == Miles [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] interfuit, sed [[motus pacis|fautor pacis]] et [[contra bellum|inimicus belli]] in patriam revertebat. Inter amicos fuit [[Franciscus Kafka]]. == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Kurt Tucholsky|Curtium Tucholsky}} {{PND|11862444X|nomen=Curtii Tucholsky aut de Curtio Tucholsky}} * [http://www.textlog.de/kurt-tucholsky.html Opera Curtii Tucholsky] apud textlog.de * [http://www.tucholsky-gesellschaft.de/ Societas Curtio Tucholsky dicata] *[http://www.xlibris.de/Autoren/Tucholsky Biographia et operum index] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20200222062016/http://www.kurt-tucholsky.info/ Kurt-Tucholsky.info] – Curriculum vitae et operum index * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080919002725/http://www.shoa.de/content/view/92/92/ Biographia apud shoa.de] * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/TucholskyKurt/ Brevis biographia] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1890|1935|Tucholsky, Curtius}} [[Categoria:Scriptores Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] [[Categoria:Diurnarii Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Homines qui sibi mortem consciverunt]] ilht04g7v3i4vrbfj49ihda0bwk9oap 0 60774 3960290 3713117 2026-05-17T23:37:11Z Bartholomite 116968 3960290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Carolus Eduardus Coughlin}} (natus [[Hamilton (Ontario)|Hamiltoniae]] in [[Ontario]] [[Canada]]e die [[25 Octobris]] [[1891]]; mortuus [[Birminghamia (Michigania)|Birminghamiae]] in [[Michigania]] die [[27 Octobris]] [[1979]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Catholicus]], qui aetate Praesidis [[Franklinus D. Roosevelt|Franklini D. Roosevelt]] propter orationes radiophonicas vehementes, quae de rebus politicis agebant, et [[antisemitismus|antisemitismum]] eius in America notus fuit. Presbyter anno [[1916]] ordinatus est. == Lege etiam == * Mary Christine Athans: ''The Coughlin-Fahey Connection: Father Charles E. Coughlin, Father Denis Fahey, C.S. Sp., and Religious Anti-Semitism in the United States, 1938-1954.'' Urbe Novo Eboraco, 1991. * Sheldon Marcus: ''Father Coughlin: The Tumultuous Life Of The Priest Of The Little Flower.'' Bostoniae, 1972. * Donald Warren: ''Radio Priest: Charles Coughlin The Father of Hate Radio.'' Urbe Novo Eboraco,1996. == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Charles Coughlin|Carolum Coughlin}} {{Fontes biographici}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070419030919/http://religiousmovements.lib.virginia.edu/nrms/coughlin.html De Carolo Coughlin] apud ''Religious Movements Page" Universitatis Virginiensis paginas interretiales {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1891|1979|Coughlin, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Torontonensis]] [[Categoria:Antisemitismus]] [[Categoria:Incolae Canadae]] [[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] ola454xuda89d7eg52rhhrlv8be1txt 0 61456 3960423 3715711 2026-05-18T07:39:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960423 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 119-1231, Edmund Heines.jpg|thumb|Edmundus Heines in SA-Uniform (anno 1922)]] '''Edmundus Heines''' (natus [[Monacum|Monaci]] die [[21 Iulii]] [[1897]] - necatus est die [[30 Iunii]] [[1934]] in carcere in Stadelheim apud Monacum) fuit [[miles]] et, postquam anno [[1915]] testimonium maturitatis accepit, [[Bellum orbis Terratum I|Bello Orbis Terrarum I]] certavit. Bello finito ad factionem [[NSDAP|Nazistam]] accessit. Fuit in gratia [[Ernestus Röhm|Ernesti Röhm]], cuius amasius fuisse videtur. Die [[30 Iunii]] [[1934]] [[Adolphus Hitler|Adolphi Hitler]] iussu, Heines, Röhm una cum aliis Roboris Divisiones ducibus et Nazistarum adversaris comprehensus est et, insequenti die, [[iudicium|incognita causa]] supplicio affectus est <ref>Jan Kershaw: Hitler vol. 1, Stuttgarti 1998, ISBN 3-421-05131-3, pag. 659.</ref>. Damnationis causa simulata seditio contra Hitler et [[homophylophilia]] erat, quamquam notus erat Heines homophylophilus fuisse. Vere Hitler cum his rebus gestis quae dicuntur [[longorum culterum nox]] (''Nacht der langen Messer '') omnes homines removit qui putabat adversarii sui fuisse. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == {{PND|124349595|nomen=Edmundi Heines aut de Edmundo Heines}} * [http://mdz1.bib-bvb.de/~rt/select.html?suchbegriff=&name=Heines&schlu=reichstag24&recherche=ja De Edmundo Heines]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} in indice Parlamenti Germanici (''Handbuch des Reichstags'') {{Ling|Germanice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141108214018/http://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/document/artikel_44621_bilder_value_12_sa12.jpg De Edmundo Heines] pagina a [[Henricus Hoffmann|Henrico Hoffmann]] scripta apud www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de {{Ling|Germanice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071009132348/http://www.shoa.de/content/view/163/108/ De longorum culterum nocte] {{Ling|Germanice}} {{bio-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Heines, Edmundus}} [[Categoria:Victimae Nazistarum]] [[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Fascismus in Germania]] [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Homosexualitas]] [[Categoria:Nati 1897]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1934]] 9wlldtqok99udm01q0d64qr9pqo33vs 0 73617 3960319 3937795 2026-05-18T02:09:57Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3960319 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ernst-Mach-1900.jpg|thumb|Ernestus Mach anno [[1900]].]] [[Fasciculus:Mach, Ernst (1905).jpg|thumb| Ernestus Mach. [[Carolus Scolik]] anno [[1905]] fecit.]] '''Ernestus''' (vulgo ''Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel'') '''Mach'''<ref>[http://www.univie.ac.at/pluslucis/PlusLucis/031/s22.pdf Petrus Salcher et Ernestus Mach].</ref> (natus die [[18 Februarii]] [[1838]] in ''Chrlice'', hodie pars [[Bruna|Brunae]] in [[Moravia]], tunc [[Imperium Austriacum]], hodie [[Res publica Bohemica]]; mortuus [[Haar (prope Monacum)|Haar]] in vico [[Monacum|Monacensi]] die [[19 Februarii]] [[1916]]) fuit [[physicus]] et [[philosophia scientiae|scientiae philosophus]] [[Austria]]cus more [[positivismus logicus|positivismo logico]]. Studium novum de [[phaenomenon|phaenomenis]] et [[vis|vi]] fecit quod magnopere rationes relativitatis [[relativitas generalis|generalem]] et [[relativitas specialis|specialem]] [[Einstein]]ianam movit. == Opera selecta == * ''Einleitung in die Helmholtz′sche Musiktheorie'', 1866 * ''Optisch-akustische Versuche'', 1872 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713131216/http://www.jwdt.com/~paysan/mach.pdf ''Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung''], 1883 (fasciculus PDF- 919 kB) * ''Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis des Physischen zum Psychischen'', 1886 * ''Die Principien der Wärmelehre'', 1896 * ''Populär-wissenschaftliche Vorlesungen'', 1896 * ''Über Erscheinungen an fliegenden Projektilen'', 1898 * [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Mach,+Ernst/Erkenntnis+und+Irrtum ''Erkenntnis und Irrtum''], 1905 * ''Die Prinzipien der physikalischen Optik'', 1921 == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Numerus Machianus]] *[[3949 Mach]] == Nexus externi == * {{PND|118575767}} * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ernst-mach/|Ernst Mach Biographia apud Encyclopaediam Philosophiae Stanfordiensis a Paulo Pojman scripta]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mach, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Nati 1838]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1916]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Physici Austriae]] [[Categoria:Positivistae]] [[Categoria:Praemia Nobeliana]] enyrley6qkqv6ulh5gemck9a28mkiws 3960320 3960319 2026-05-18T02:10:31Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960320 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Ernst-Mach-1900.jpg|thumb|Ernestus Mach anno [[1900]].]] [[Fasciculus:Mach, Ernst (1905).jpg|thumb| Ernestus Mach. [[Carolus Scolik]] anno [[1905]] fecit.]] '''Ernestus''' (vulgo ''Ernst Waldfried Josef Wenzel'') '''Mach'''<ref>[http://www.univie.ac.at/pluslucis/PlusLucis/031/s22.pdf Petrus Salcher et Ernestus Mach].</ref> (natus die [[18 Februarii]] [[1838]] in ''Chrlice'', hodie pars [[Bruna|Brunae]] in [[Moravia]], tunc [[Imperium Austriacum]], hodie [[Res publica Bohemica]]; mortuus [[Haar (prope Monacum)|Haar]] in vico [[Monacum|Monacensi]] die [[19 Februarii]] [[1916]]) fuit [[physicus]] et [[philosophia scientiae|scientiae philosophus]] [[Austria]]cus more [[positivismus logicus|positivismo logico]]. Studium novum de [[phaenomenon|phaenomenis]] et [[vis|vi]] fecit quod magnopere rationes relativitatis [[relativitas generalis|generalem]] et [[relativitas specialis|specialem]] [[Einstein]]ianam movit. == Opera selecta == * ''Einleitung in die Helmholtz′sche Musiktheorie'', 1866 * ''Optisch-akustische Versuche'', 1872 * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713131216/http://www.jwdt.com/~paysan/mach.pdf ''Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung''], 1883 (fasciculus PDF- 919 kB) * ''Die Analyse der Empfindungen und das Verhältnis des Physischen zum Psychischen'', 1886 * ''Die Principien der Wärmelehre'', 1896 * ''Populär-wissenschaftliche Vorlesungen'', 1896 * ''Über Erscheinungen an fliegenden Projektilen'', 1898 * [http://www.zeno.org/Philosophie/M/Mach,+Ernst/Erkenntnis+und+Irrtum ''Erkenntnis und Irrtum''], 1905 * ''Die Prinzipien der physikalischen Optik'', 1921 == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Numerus Machianus]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[3949 Mach]] == Nexus externi == * {{PND|118575767}} * [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ernst-mach/|Ernst Mach Biographia apud Encyclopaediam Philosophiae Stanfordiensis a Paulo Pojman scripta]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Anglice}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mach, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach| ]] [[Categoria:Nati 1838]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1916]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Physici Austriae]] [[Categoria:Positivistae]] [[Categoria:Praemia Nobeliana]] i77i7t3fh4ejsfmbqo7bp696g20ft2e 0 82711 3960294 3717325 2026-05-18T00:09:18Z CommonsDelinker 1422 [[c:COM:CDC|automaton]]: Substituens [[File:Unterhaun_Groscurth_Grab_vorne.jpg]] pro File:Unterhaun_groscurthvorne.jpg. CommonsDelinker hanc rationem dedit: [[:c:COM:FR|File renamed]]: 3960294 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Unterhaun Groscurth Grab vorne.jpg|thumb|[[Monumentum]] Georgio Groscurth dicatum in [[coemeterium|coemeterio]] Hauneck-Unterhaun]] '''Georgius Groscurth''' (natus in [[Unterhaun]] die [[27 Decembris]] [[1904]]; supplicio affectus in [[carcer]]e Brandenburg-Görden die [[8 Maii]] [[1944]]) fuit [[medicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], qui inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] contra [[tyrannis|tyrannidem]] [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitleri]] pugnavit. Praeterea Georgius Groscurth [[Iudaei]]s a [[NSDAP|nazistis]] oppressis auxilium dedit. Quorum operum gratia post mortem anno [[2005]] decoratus est titulo ''[[iustus inter gentes|iusto inter gentes]]''.<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=5419419 Georgius Groscurth] apud [https://www.yadvashem.org/ Yad Vashem situm publicum.]</ref> Die [[4 Septembris]] [[1943]] a nazistis comprehensus et capite damnatus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716154120/http://www.gegen-diktatur.de/beispiel.php?beisp_id=476&tafel_id=12&thema=0 De Georgio Groscurth] * {{PND|121278956}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1904|1944|Groger, Carolus}} [[Categoria:Medici Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Iusti inter gentes]] [[Categoria:Victimae Nazistarum]] lc75voejblcm41aiqzo7v4s9whmx6mh 3960304 3960294 2026-05-18T01:13:29Z IacobusAmor 1163 Lifetime falsum &c. 3960304 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Unterhaun Groscurth Grab vorne.jpg|thumb|[[Monumentum]] Georgio Groscurth dicatum in [[coemeterium|coemeterio]] Hauneck-Unterhaun.]] '''Georgius Groscurth''' (natus [[Unterhaun]] in oppido die [[27 Decembris]] [[1904]]; supplicio affectus in [[carcer]]e Brandenburg-Görden die [[8 Maii]] [[1944]]) fuit [[medicus]] [[Germania|Germanicus]], qui inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] [[tyrannis|tyrannidi]] [[Adolfus Hitler|Adolfi Hitleri]] adversatus est. Praeterea Georgius Groscurth [[Iudaei]]s a [[NSDAP|nazistis]] oppressis auxilium dedit. Quorum operum gratia post mortem anno [[2005]] decoratus est titulo ''[[iustus inter gentes|iusto inter gentes]]''.<ref>[http://db.yadvashem.org/righteous/family.html?language=en&itemId=5419419 Georgius Groscurth] apud [https://www.yadvashem.org/ Yad Vashem situm publicum.]</ref> Die [[4 Septembris]] [[1943]] a nazistis comprehensus et capite damnatus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi== * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716154120/http://www.gegen-diktatur.de/beispiel.php?beisp_id=476&tafel_id=12&thema=0 De Georgio Groscurth] * {{PND|121278956}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1904|1944|Groscurth, Georgius}} [[Categoria:Iusti inter gentes]] [[Categoria:Medici Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Victimae Nazistarum]] d4ljf0dnrtwns51ihxqcpje6deqxyyo 14 84655 3960221 3009280 2026-05-17T16:49:05Z Bartholomite 116968 3960221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{CommuniaCat|Governors of Washington (state)|Gubernatores Vasingtoniae}} {{Homines hac in categoria secundum annum ultimum vitae}} [[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum C.F.A.|Vasingtonia]] [[Categoria:Vasingtonia]] [[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]] ttkdc9ajjr8mzxgphnsukuz7abrwqzz 0 88556 3960330 3905572 2026-05-18T02:17:50Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3960330 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Momentum virium''',<ref>[[Leonhardus Eulerus|Leonhardi Euleri]], ''Theoria motus corporum solidorum'' (1765), passim.</ref> sive plenius '''momentum virium respectu axis''' (symbolum usitatum <math>\vec{\tau}</math> de verbo ''torquĕo'' derivatum), est velut [[vis]] [[angulus|angularis]], quae [[corpus|corporis]] [[rotatio]]nem efficit, auget, vel diminuit, secundum [[aequatio]]nem: :<math>\vec{\tau} = I \vec{ \alpha}</math> ubi :<math>I \,</math> est corporis [[momentum]] [[inertia]]e, et :<math>\vec \alpha</math> est [[acceleratio angularis]]. <math>\vec{\tau}</math> quidem ab vi <math>\vec F</math> calculatur per formulam definientem: :<math>\vec \tau = \vec{r}\times \vec{F}\,</math> ubi :<math>\vec{r}\,</math> est [[vector]] ab axi rotatorio in punctum corporis ubi vis agitur, et :<math>\times</math> est [[productum vectorale]]. Cum rotatio solum circum [[axis|axim]] fixum producitur, facilius est solum [[magnitudo|magnitudinem]] momenti tractare: tunc quidem saepe scribitur tantum: :<math>\tau = rF\sin \theta\,\!</math> ubi :r est [[distantia]] ab axi in [[punctus|punctum]] ubi [[vis]] agitur, :F est magnitudo vis, et :θ est angulus inter <math>\vec{r}\,</math> et <math>\vec{F}\,</math>. [[Unitas]] momenti virium a producto distantiae per magnitudinem virium multiplicatae datur: quod in [[Systema Internationale|Systemate Internationali unitatum]] est [[Newton (unitas)|Newtonium]]-metrum, Nm. {{NexInt}} * [[Momentum]] * [[Rotatum]] ==Notae== <references/> {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] rvnhpjqugngwk3tkkhhjnkz2y6h8et9 0 91518 3960282 3711192 2026-05-17T21:57:17Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960282 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-01314, Anton Höfle.jpg|thumb|Antonius Höfle anno 1925]] '''Antonius''' (Theod. ''Anton'') '''Höfle''' (natus [[19 Octobris]] [[1882]] [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbaci]] in Palatinatu, mortuus [[20 Aprilis]] [[1925]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]]) vir publicus [[Germania]]e et sodalis factionis [[Centrum|Centri]] fuit. == Iuventus et munus == Postquam gymnasium Luthrae Imperatoris (lingua Theodisca: Kaiserslautern) frequentavit et ibi maturitatem accepit, [[Monachium|Monachii]] et [[Erlanga]]e iurisprudentiae et rebus publicis studebat. Ab anno [[1903]] adiutor litterarum camerae commercii Monacensis fuit. Anno [[1907]] primam probationem accepit et doctor promotus est. Deinde ad annum [[1914]] pro societate populari catholicae Germaniae deinde ad annum [[1919]] pro collegiis ministeriorum publicorum laboravit. Tum praeses foederis omnium ministeriorum electus est. == Cursus honorum == Höfle, qui sodalis Centri erat, mense Iunio [[1920]] legatus [[Dieta Imperii Germanici|Dietae Imperii Germanici]] electus est. [[13 Augusti]] [[1923]] [[Administer Imperii Cursus Publici (Germania)|Administer Imperii Cursus Publici]] in consilio ministrorum [[Gustavus Stresemann|Stresemann]] I nominatus est. Hoc officio et [[Gulielmus Marx|Guliemo Marx]] cancellario fungebatur. [[30 Novembris]] 1923 etiam [[Administer Imperii Regionum Occupatarum]] pro tempore nominatus est. Initio anni 1925 cum aliis valde vituperatur, quod fratribus Barmat aes alienum e sumptibus publicis dederat, quamquam ii fortunas nullas haberent. Itaque [[15 Ianuarii]] Administer Imperii se recessit et [[9 Februarii]] etiam Dietam Imperii reliquit. Deinde in carcerem inquisitionis missus est et paulo post mortuus est. == Nexus externi == * [http://mdz12.bib-bvb.de/~db/bsb00000003/images/index.html?nativeno=264 Curriculum vitae breve in libro legatorum Dietae Imperii (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Administri Imperii Cursus Publici Germaniae (1919 - 1945)}} {{Administri Imperii Regionum Occupatarum}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Stresemann I}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Stresemann II}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Marx I}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Marx II}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoefle, Antonius}} [[Categoria:Nati 1882]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Monacensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Erlangensis]] [[Categoria:Legati Dietae Imperii Germaniae (Res publica Vimariana)]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Cursus Publici (Germania)]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Occupatarum Regionum (Germania)]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1925]] trh91s4u30gp8xylx6s7z6yig1riyx3 3960289 3960282 2026-05-17T23:28:59Z Bartholomite 116968 3960289 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-01314, Anton Höfle.jpg|thumb|Antonius Höfle anno 1925]] {{res|Antonius Höfle}} (vulgo ''Anton''; natus [[19 Octobris]] [[1882]] [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbaci]] in Palatinatu, mortuus [[20 Aprilis]] [[1925]] [[Berolinum|Berolini]]) vir publicus [[Germania]]e et sodalis factionis [[Centrum|Centri]] fuit. == Iuventus et munus == Postquam gymnasium Luthrae Imperatoris (lingua Theodisca: Kaiserslautern) frequentavit et ibi maturitatem accepit, [[Monachium|Monachii]] et [[Erlanga]]e iurisprudentiae et rebus publicis studebat. Ab anno [[1903]] adiutor litterarum camerae commercii Monacensis fuit. Anno [[1907]] primam probationem accepit et doctor promotus est. Deinde ad annum [[1914]] pro societate populari catholicae Germaniae deinde ad annum [[1919]] pro collegiis ministeriorum publicorum laboravit. Tum praeses foederis omnium ministeriorum electus est. == Cursus honorum == Höfle, qui sodalis Centri erat, mense Iunio [[1920]] legatus [[Dieta Imperii Germanici|Dietae Imperii Germanici]] electus est. [[13 Augusti]] [[1923]] [[Administer Imperii Cursus Publici (Germania)|Administer Imperii Cursus Publici]] in consilio ministrorum [[Gustavus Stresemann|Stresemann]] I nominatus est. Hoc officio et [[Gulielmus Marx|Guliemo Marx]] cancellario fungebatur. [[30 Novembris]] 1923 etiam [[Administer Imperii Regionum Occupatarum]] pro tempore nominatus est. Initio anni 1925 cum aliis valde vituperatur, quod fratribus Barmat aes alienum e sumptibus publicis dederat, quamquam ii fortunas nullas haberent. Itaque [[15 Ianuarii]] Administer Imperii se recessit et [[9 Februarii]] etiam Dietam Imperii reliquit. Deinde in carcerem inquisitionis missus est et paulo post mortuus est. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Administri Imperii Cursus Publici Germaniae (1919 - 1945)}} {{Administri Imperii Regionum Occupatarum}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Stresemann I}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Stresemann II}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Marx I}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Marx II}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Hoefle, Antonius}} [[Categoria:Nati 1882]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Monacensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Erlangensis]] [[Categoria:Legati Dietae Imperii Germaniae (Res publica Vimariana)]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Cursus Publici (Germania)]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Occupatarum Regionum (Germania)]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1925]] jlzw8ryzc3w278ndnte6btv14v7wn3d 14 92476 3960326 3688916 2026-05-18T02:14:19Z Grufo 64423 +{{Pagina principalis categoriae}} 3960326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina principalis categoriae|Albertus Einstein}} {{CommuniaCat|Albert Einstein|Albertum Einstein}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albertus}} [[Categoria:Categoriae ex eruditis appellatae]] [[Categoria:Physica]] bvx8840w7ysvaofddut2jlodwnklflv 0 93310 3960375 3751384 2026-05-18T03:49:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960375 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Backing sheep at sheepdog competition.jpg|thumb|upright=1|[[Canis|Canes]] et [[Ovis|oves]] fuerunt inter prima [[animal]]ia mansuefacta.]] '''Domitus''' est ratio qua [[species]] [[animal]]ium arte [[homo|humana]] ad potestatem humanam adsuescuntur. Domitus proprietas est quippe artificiosa ab [[homo|hominum]] electione. Aliquae species, sicut ''[[Elephas maximus]],'' cuius permulti singulariter sunt animalia labori diutissime dicata, haud "domita" habentur quia sub potestate humana plerumque non alita sunt, quamquam saepe mansuefiunt. Homines animalia domita ob multas causas curaverunt: ut [[cibus|cibum]] et pretiosas [[merx|merces]] (sicut [[lana]]m, [[gossypium]], vel [[sericum]]) producant, ut multis modis [[labor]]ent (ut hominibus resque transportent et tutentur), ut se et pecus protegant, ut voluptatem dent (sicut et [[planta ornamentalis|plantae ornamentales]]), et pro investigationibus scientificis (velut indagationes curae quorundam [[morbus|morborum]]). Animalia ob sodalitatem domi mansuefacta appellari possunt ''[[animal dilectum|animalia domestica]]'' seu dilecta, atque causá cibi vel laboris ''[[animal domitum|animalia domesticata]]'' seu domita. [[Cultus plantarum|Plantae cultae]] praecipue causa dilectationis [[aesthetica]]e in domo et circa domum saepe [[Plantae ornamentales|ornamentales]] appellantur; mansuefactae autem plantae quae pro copiis [[alimentum|cibi]] adhibentur "[[fruges]]" usitate appellantur. Discrimen fieri potest inter plantas cultas quae homines cogitate ob proprietates optabiles mutaverunt aut legerunt (vide [[cultigenus]], [[cultivarietas]]) et plantas silvestres quae sine mutatione in hortos aut viridaria removentur ibique coluntur. == Domitus animalium == === Tempora locique primi domitus === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Animal !! Annus a.C.n. !! Locus |- |valign="top"| ''[[Canis lupus familiaris]]'' |15000<ref name="dog">Vide [[Origo canis domestici]]</ref> |align="center"|[[Asia Orientalis]] et [[Africa]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Ovis aries]]'' |9000 ad 11000<ref>{{cite book | author=Krebs, Robert E. & Carolyn A. | title=Groundbreaking Scientific Experiments, Inventions & Discoveries of the Ancient World | location=Westport, CT | publisher=Greenwood Press | year=2003 | isbn=0-313-31342-3}}</ref><ref name="storey">{{cite book |title=Storey's Guide to Raising Sheep |last=Simmons |first=Paula |coauthors=Carol Ekarius |year=2001 |publisher=Storey Publishing LLC |location=North Adams, MA |isbn=978-1-58017-262-2 }}</ref> |align="center"|[[Asia Meridio-Orientalis]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Capra]]'' |10000<ref>Melinda A. Zeder, [https://web.archive.org/web/20120204221312/http://web.utk.edu/~persian/goat.htm Goat busters track domestication] (Physiologic changes and evolution of goats into a domesticated animal), April 2000.</ref> |align="center"|[[Iran]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Sus scrofa domestica]]'' |9000<ref>Giuffra E, Kijas JM, Amarger V, Carlborg O, Jeon JT, Andersson L. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10747069&query_hl=4&itool=pubmed_docsum The origin of the domestic pig: independent domestication and subsequent introgression.], April 2000.</ref> |align="center"|[[Asia Occidentalis]], [[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Bos taurus]]'' |8000<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20101009235228/http://www.comp-archaeology.org/WendorfSAA98.html Late Neolithic megalithic structures at Nabta Playa (Sahara), southwestern Egypt.]</ref><ref>Fons: Laboratoire de Préhistoire et Protohistoire de l'Ouest de la France [https://web.archive.org/web/20090626225631/http://palissy.humana.univ-nantes.fr/LABOS/UMR/serveur/recherche/pruvost.html].</ref> |align="center"|[[Subcontinens Indicus]], [[Asia Occidentalis]], [[Africa sub-Saharana]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Feles]]'' |7500<ref>''[http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/04/0408_040408_oldestpetcat.html]'', domestication of the cat on Cyprus, National Geographic.</ref> |align="center"|[[Cyprus]] et [[Asia Occidentalis]] |- |valign="top"| ''[[Gallus]]'' |6000<ref>West B. and Zhou, B-X., ''Did chickens go north? New evidence for domestication'', World’s Poultry Science Journal, 45, 205-218, 1989, {{PDFlink|[http://www.adelaide.edu.au/ANZCCART/publications/dom_chicken.pdf quotation]|26.3&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]}}, 8 p.</ref> |align="center"|[[Subcontinens Indicus]], [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Cavia porcellus]]'' |5000<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111009161651/http://cavyhistory.tripod.com/ ''History of the Guinea Pig'' (Cavia porcellus) ''in South America, a summary of the current state of knowledge'']</ref> |align="center"|[[Peruvia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Equus asinus]]'' |5000<ref>Beja-Pereira, Albano et al., African Origins of the Domestic Donkey, ''Science'' '''304''':1781, 18 June 2004, cited in [http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6032 ''New Scientist''].</ref><ref>Roger Blench, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173943/http://www.animaltraction.net/donkeys/donkeys-blench-history.pdf The history and spread of donkeys in Africa]''|235&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]].</ref> |align="center"|[[Aegyptus]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Anas platyrhynchos]]'' |4000 |align="center"|[[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Bubalus bubalis]]'' |4000 |align="center"|[[India]], [[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Equus caballus]]'' |4000<ref>[http://www.imh.org/imh/kyhpl1b.html The Domestication of the Horse]; vide etiam [[Domitus equi]]</ref> |align="center"|[[Eurasian Steppes]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Camelus dromedarius]]'' |4000 |align="center"|[[Arabia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Lama glama]]'' |3500 |align="center"|[[Peruvia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Bombyx mori]]'' |3000 |align="center"|[[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Tarandrus]]'' |3000<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090316042918/http://explorenorth.com/library/weekly/aa080798.htm Domestication of Reindeer]</ref> |align="center"|[[Russia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Columba livia]]'' |3000 |align="center"|[[Basin Mediterranea]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Anser anser domesticus]]'' |3000<ref>[http://www.fao.org/docrep/V6200T/v6200T0n.htm Geese: the underestimated species]</ref> |align="center"|[[Aegyptus]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Camelus bactrianus]]'' |2500 |align="center"|[[Media Asia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Bos grunniens]]'' |2500 |align="center"|[[Thibetum]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Bos javanicus]]'' |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[Asia Meridio-Orientalis]], [[Iava]]<!--Java--> |- |valign="top"|''[[Bos gaurus frontalis]]'' |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[Asia Meridio-Orientalis]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Vicugna pacos]]'' |1500 |align="center"|[[Peruvia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[furo]]'' |1500 |align="center"|[[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Cairina momelanotus]]'' |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[America Meridionalis]] |- |valign="top"|[[Numididae]] |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[Africa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Cyprinus carpio]]'' |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[Asia Orientalis]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Gallopavo]]'' domestica |500 |align="center"|[[Mexicum]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Carassius auratus]]'' |Saeculo ignoto |align="center"|[[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Oryctolagus cuniculus]]'' |1600 |align="center"|[[Europa]] |} === Circulus alter === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Animal !!Classis !!Ordo !!Tempus !! Locus |- |valign="top"|''[[Bos primigenius indicus]]'' |[[Artiodactyla]] |[[Mammalia]] |8000 BCE |align="center"|[[India]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Apis mellifera|Apis]]'' |[[Hymenoptera]] |[[Insecta]] |4000 BCE |align="center"|Multi loci |- |valign="top"|''[[Elephas maximus]]'' |[[Proboscidea]] |[[Mammalia]] |2000 BCE |align="center"|[[Civilizatio Vallis Indi]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Dama dama]]'' |[[Artiodactyla]] |[[Mammalia]] |1000 BCE |align="center"|[[Basin Mediterranea]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Pavo cristatus]]'' |[[Galliformes]] |[[Aves]] |500 BCE |align="center"|[[India]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Streptopelia risoria]]'' |[[Columbiformes]] |[[Aves]] |500 BCE |align="center"|[[Africa Septentrionalis]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Coturnix japonica]]'' |[[Galliformes]] |[[Aves]] |1100–1900 |align="center"|[[Iaponia]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Serinus canaria]]'' |[[Passeriformes]] |[[Aves]] |1600 |align="center"|[[Canariae]], [[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Aix galericulata]]'' |[[Anseriformes]] |[[Aves]] |Ignotum |align="center"|[[Sina (regio)|Sina]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Cygnus olor]]'' |[[Anseriformes]] |[[Aves]] |1000–1500 |align="center"|[[Europa]] |} === Exempla domitus hodierni === {| class="wikitable" |- ! style="width: 12em;" | Animal !!Ordo !!Classis !!Tempus !!Locus |- |valign="top"|''[[Rattus norvegicus]]'' (varietas ''fancy rat'') |[[Rodentia]] |[[Mammalia]] |1800s |align="center"|[[Britanniarum Regnum]] |- |valign="top"|[[Vulpes (genus)|Vulpes]] |[[Carnivora]] |[[Mammalia]] |1800s |align="center"|[[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Neovison vison]], [[Mustela lutreola]]'' |[[Carnivora]] |[[Mammalia]] |1800s |align="center"|[[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Melopsittacus undulatus]]'' |[[Psittaciformes]] |[[Aves]] |1850s |align="center"|[[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Nymphicus hollandicus]]'' |[[Psittaciformes]] |[[Aves]] |1870s |align="center"|[[Europa]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Taeniopygia guttata]]'' |[[Passeriformes]] |[[Aves]] |1900s |align="center"|[[Australia]] |- |valign="top"|[[Cricetinae]] |[[Rodentia]] |[[Mammalia]] |1930s |align="center"|[[United States]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Vulpes vulpes]]'' domestica |[[Carnivora]] |[[Mammalia]] |1950s |align="center"|[[Unio Sovietica]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Ovibos moschatus]]'' |[[Artiodactyla]] |[[Mammalia]] |1960s |align="center"|[[United States]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Elaphe guttata]]'' |[[Squamata]] |[[Reptilia]] |1960s |align="center"|[[CFA|Civitates Foederatae]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Python regius]]'' |[[Squamata]] |[[Reptilia]] |1960s |- |valign="top"|''[[Gromphadorhina portentosa]]'' |[[Blattodea]] |[[Insecta]] |1960s |- |valign="top"|''[[Cervus]]'' |[[Artiodactyla]] |[[Mammalia]] |1970s |align="center"|[[Nova Zelandia]] |- |valign="top"|[[Erinaceinae]] |[[Erinaceomorpha]] |[[Mammalia]] |1980s |align="center"|[[CFA|Civitates Foederatae]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Petaurus breviceps]]'' |[[Diprotodontia]] |[[Mammalia]] |1980s |align="center"|[[Australia]] |- |valign="top"|[[Mephitidae]] |[[Carnivora]] |[[Mammalia]] |1980s |align="center"|[[CFA|Civitatum Foederatarum]] |- |valign="top"|''[[Potos flavus]]'' |[[Carnivora]] |[[Mammalia]] |tempus incertum |align="center"|[[Media America]] |- |} <!-- A project is underway to find the genetic basis for taming. Researchers at the Max Planck institute in Germany have obtained two sets of rats bred in Russia. One set was selected for aggressiveness and another for tameness, mimicking the process by which neolithic farmers first domesticated animals.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/25/health/25rats.html Nice Rats, Nasty Rats: Maybe It’s All in the Genes]</ref> --> === Animalia olim mansuefacta === Nonnullae species dicuntur mansuefactae fuisse, sed non iam mansuetae sunt, aut quia eae sunt [[exstinctio|exstinctae]], aut quia earum forma domita non exstat. Exempla sunt ''[[Bassariscus astutus]], [[Bos aegyptiacus]],'' [[Elephas|elephantes]] ''[[Loxodonta|Africanus]]'' et ''[[Elephas maximus|Asianus]]'' (vide [[Elephas belli]]), [[Puma yagouaroundi]],''<!--<ref>Sometimes it is because these animals don't breed well in captivity [http://www.lioncrusher.com/animal.asp?animal=54]</ref>,--> et ''[[Strigops habroptila]].'' <!-- Et fortasse Cheetah & Caracal--> === Hybridae === Multa horum nominum sunt [[portmanteau]]x [[Lingua Anglica|Anglici]]. * ''[[Vicugna pacos|Alpaca]]'' (DNA monstrat hoc animal esse hybrida ''[[Lama glama|Lamae glama]]'' et ''[[Vicugna vicugna|Vicugnae vicugna]]'') * [[Beefalo]] * [[Cama (animal)]] * [[Chausie]] * [[Cheetoh]] * [[Coydog]] * [[Dzo]] * [[Feles Bengalensis]] * [[Hinny]] * [[Huarizo]] * [[Iron Age Pig]] * [[Mulus]] * [[Savanna (feles)]] * [[Sheep-goat]] * [[Tiglon]] * [[Wolfdog]] * [[Wolphin]] * [[Yakalo]] * [[Zeedonk]] * [[Zetland]] * [[Zorse]] * [[Zony]] * [[Zubron]] {{NexInt}} * Indices et series temporis ** [[Index animalium domesticorum]] ** [[Index plantarum domesticarum]]<!-- ** [[List of domesticated fungi and microorganisms]] ** [[Timeline of agriculture and food technology]]--> * Commentarii ** [[Animalia militaria]] ** [[Commutatio Columbiana]] ** [[Domitus equi]] ** [[Domitus leonum]] ** [[Evolutio experimentalis]]{{dubsig}} ** [[Feritas]] ** [[Horticultura]] ** [[Hybrida]] ** [[Pollutio genetica]] ** [[Res rustica]]<!--en:Animal husbandry--> <!--etiam ex en: ** [[Gene pool]] ** [[Genetic erosion]] ** [[Genetic engineering]] ** [[Marker assisted selection]] ** [[Selective breeding]] ** [[Self-domestication]] ** [[Wildlife]] * Related ** [[Domestication theory]] describes the process of the 'taming' or appropriation of [[technologia]] by its users. --> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{Wiktionary|domitus|domitum}} * [http://www.uh.edu/engines/epi1499.htm De domitu animalium] * ''[[Guns, Germs and Steel]],'' liber a [[Jared Diamond]] scriptus (ISBN 0-393-03891-2) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20071224180609/http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2004/0408cats.shtml Nuntius] de fele antiquissima * [https://web.archive.org/web/20051228002658/http://www.devbio.com/article.php?ch=23&id=223 Experimentum Belyaev] cum vulpe domestica * [http://www.csun.edu/~vcpsy00h/domestic.htm Usus Animalium Domesticorum in Educatione Hortorum Zoologicoum] * [http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/276/5314/932 Primus Domitus ''[[Cucurbita pepo|Cucurbitae peponis]]'' in [[Americae|Americis]] abhinc annorum 10,000] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101219082134/http://www.geochembio.com/biology/organisms/cattle/ Tabula domitus boum] * [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=pubmed&Cmd=DetailsSearch&Term=domestication%5BTitle%5D+AND+%22loattrfree+full+text%22%5Bsb%5D Major topic "domestication": free full-text articles (plusquam centum reviews) in National Library of Medicine] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110713204528/http://www.lifeonterra.com/episode.php?id=191l ''Why don't we ride zebras?''] interretialis puerorum pellicula de domitu animalium [[Categoria:Animalia domesticata|!]] [[Categoria:Historia agriculturae]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Technologia}} bedfx1dgws9ow367dy334kegpx2083v 0 96228 3960197 2905625 2026-05-17T15:59:08Z Alex Leuname 208552 Alex Leuname movit paginam [[Arjen Robben]] ad [[Hadrianus Robben]]: Latinization of Arjen 2905625 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Arjen-robben.jpg|thumb|200 px|Arjen Robben]] '''Arjen Robben''' (natus in '' [[Bedum|Bedo]]'' die [[23 Ianuarii]] [[1984]]) est clarus [[pedilusor]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. Inter alia multos annos cum turma ''[[PSV Eindhoven]]'' lusit. Robben qui nunc ad gregem ''FC Bayern Muenchen'' pertinet, etiam [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Nederlandica|Turmae Nationalis Nederlandicae]] lusor est. == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Arjen Robben}} * [http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/arjen-robben/ Pedilusoris statisticae] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1984||Robben, Arjen}} [[Categoria:Pedilusores Nederlandiae]] mce9zxepcc25kaajn1ucnob8pctxzib 3960200 3960197 2026-05-17T16:00:45Z Alex Leuname 208552 3960200 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Arjen-robben.jpg|thumb|200 px|Hadrianus Robben]] '''Hadrianus Robben''' ([[Lingua Batava|Batavice]] ''Arjen'' ''Robben''; natus in '' [[Bedum|Bedo]]'' die [[23 Ianuarii]] [[1984]]) est clarus [[pedilusor]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. Inter alia multos annos cum turma ''[[PSV Eindhoven]]'' lusit. Robben qui nunc ad gregem ''FC Bayern Muenchen'' pertinet, etiam [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Nederlandica|Turmae Nationalis Nederlandicae]] lusor est. == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Arjen Robben}} * [http://www.weltfussball.de/spieler_profil/arjen-robben/ Pedilusoris statisticae] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1984||Robben, Arjen}} [[Categoria:Pedilusores Nederlandiae]] n3crqc9dsds3k2lenen7o9ubjhlcjvu 0 104221 3960244 3749286 2026-05-17T17:24:52Z Bartholomite 116968 3960244 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Nova Pompeii}} est [[Bonaëropolis]] hodierna regio urbana, una duodequinquaginta urbis regionum. Huic regioni circiter {{num|63276}} (anno [[2001]]) incolarum sunt. Nueva Pompeya pars regionis administrativae C4 est. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Nueva Pompeya, Buenos Aires|Nueva Pompeya}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [http://www.buenosaires.gov.ar/areas/barrios/buscador/ficha.php?id=21 De Nueva Pompeya] apud www.buenosaires.gov.ar * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090220104511/http://barriada.com.ar/nuevapompeya.htm Descriptio, historia, statistica huius regionis] {{geo-stipula}} {{Bonaeropolis regiones}} [[Categoria:Regiones Bonaëropolis]] jtvso3qs4cej31mvmfoxjzu3slczet2 0 107319 3960433 3959437 2026-05-18T08:47:00Z ~2026-29901-93 209539 . 3960433 wikitext text/x-wiki {| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" style="float:right; empty-cells:show; margin-left:1em; margin-bottom:0.5em; background:#DAA520;" ! colspan="2" | Archidioecesis Viennensis sive Vindobonensis |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | colspan="2" align="center"| [[Fasciculus:Bistuemer_oesterreich_wien.png|200px|Situs archidioeceseos Viennensis in Austria]] |- ! colspan="2" | Indicia fundamentalia<ref>Fons: AP 2010</ref> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Episcopus]]: ||[[Iosephus Grünwidl]] |- |Episcopus emeritus: |[[Christophorus Schönborn|Christophorus Cardinalis Schönborn O.P.]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Auxiliarius|Episcopi auxiliarii:]]|| Franciscus Scharl; Stephanus Turnovzky |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | || |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Vicarius generalis]]: || Franciscus Schuster |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Vicariatus: || 3 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Decanatus]]: || 54 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Paroecia]]e: || 660 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[presbyter|Presbyteri dioecesani]]: || 609 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[presbyter|Presbyteri religiosi]]: || 531 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Diaconus|Diaconi perpetui]]: || 164 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Religiosus|Religiosi]]: || 798 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Religiosus|Religiosae]]: || 1473 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Area: || 9 100 km<sup>2</sup> |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Incolae: || 2 594 572 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Catholici]]: || 1 356 782 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Portio: || 52.3% |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ritus: || [[Ritus Romanus|Romanus]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Ecclesia cathedralis: || [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Sancti Stephani Vindobonensis|Ecclesia Cathedralis Sancti Stephani]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Pagina interretialis: || [http://stephanscom.at/news/0|stephanscom.at] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Suffraganeae: || [[Dioecesis Sideropolitana]] ([[Ferreum Castrum]]<br />[[Dioecesis Linciensis]] ([[Lentia]])<br />[[Dioecesis Sancti Hippolyti]] ([[Cetium]]) |} '''Archidioecesis Viennensis''' sive '''Vindobonensis'''<ref>{{CathHierDiocese|wien}}.</ref> [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae]] in [[Austria]] [[septentrio]]ne et [[oriens|orientali]] sita est. Sedes archidioecesis est [[Vindobona]]e. Ex anno [[1995]] ab [[Archiepiscopus|archiepiscopo]] [[Iosephus Grünwid|Iosepho Grünwid]] regitur. == Episcopi priores == * [[Theodorus Innitzer|Theodorus Cardinalis Innitzer]] (1932–1955) * [[Franciscus König|Franciscus Cardinalis König]] (1956–1986) * [[Ioannes Arminius Groër|Ioannes Arminius Cardinalis Groer]] (1986–1995) * [[Christophorus Schönborn|Christophorus Cardinalis Schönborn]] (1995-2025) * [[Iosephus Grünwidl]] (ab anno 2025) == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Franciscus Loidl: Geschichte des Erzbistums Wien. Herold, Vindobonae 1983, ISBN 3-7008-0223-4. {{NexInt}} [[Ordinarius Fidelium Rituum Orientalium Austriae]] {{Archiepiscopi Vindobonenses}} {{Dioeceses archidioeceses catholicae Austriae}} [[Categoria:Archidioecesis Vindobonensis|!]] 4kwi9og4ldn3fvxru3mnm2g7wv942zc 0 120592 3960181 3560937 2026-05-17T12:58:48Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Consolida ajacis bourdon.jpg | image_caption = ''Consolida ajacis'' cum [[Apidae|apida]] (''[[Bombus]]'' sp.) | regnum = [[Plantae]] | divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] | classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] | ordo = [[Ranunculales]] | familia = [[Ranunculaceae]] | genus = ''[[Consolida]]'' | species = ''C. ajacis'' | binomial = ''Consolida ajacis'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|L.]]) [[Philippus Ioannes Ferdinandus Schur|Schur]] }} [[Fasciculus: Consolida ajacis MHNT.BOT.2004.0.jpg|thumb|'' Consolida ajacis'']] '''''Consolida ajacis''''' ([[binomen]] a [[Philippus Ioannes Ferdinandus Schur|Philippo Schur]] anno [[1853]] statutum; antea secundum [[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeum]] ''Delphinium ajacis'')<ref name="L.">{{LSP1|531}}</ref> est [[angiospermae|planta florens]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Ranunculaceae|Ranunculacearum]], in [[Europa]] et [[Asia]] [[endemismus|endemica]], in [[America Septentrionalis|Americam Septentrionalem]] introducta. In [[hortus|hortis]] domesticis ob [[flos|flores]] excolitur. Temporibus antiquis haec [[planta]], [[Latine]] (et [[Graece]]) '''cosmosandalum''' (κοσμοσάνδαλον) sive '''hyacinthus''' (ὑάκινθος) appellata, in [[corona]]s ad convivia gessas plecta est. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Schur, Philippus J. F. [[1853]]. In ''Verhandlungen und Mittheilungen des Siebenbürgischen Vereins für Naturwissenschaften zu Hermannstadt'' 4:47. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?105348 De specie] apud situm ars-grin.gov * [http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200007763 De specie] apud situm efloras.org (''Flora of North America'') * [http://www.tela-botanica.org/eflore/BDNFF/4.02/nn/18689 De specie] apud situm tela-botanica.org * [http://www.tropicos.org/Name/27102383 de specie] apud situm tropicos.org * [http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/cgi-bin/get_JM_treatment.pl?6434,6458,6459 De specie] apud situm ucjeps.berkeley.edu (''Jepson Manual'') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130504164648/http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=COAJ De specie] apud situm usda.gov [[Categoria:Ranunculaceae]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum ex hominibus mythologicis appellatae|Aiax]] [[Categoria:Taxa Schur]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1853]] [[Categoria:Species plantarum]] [[Categoria:Plantae ornamentales]] [[Categoria:Ars convivialis Graeca]] 490iz7buososkq2295yvcckyybopgkc 0 121925 3960188 3894098 2026-05-17T13:57:49Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960188 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:nullset.png|upright=0.6|thumb|Copia vacua est copia quae nulla elementa continet.]] '''Copia vacua''' in [[mathematica]], et proprie in [[theoria copiarum]], est unica [[copia]] quae nulla [[Elementum (mathematica)|elementa]] continet; sua [[magnitudo]] est [[Cifra|zerum]]. Aliquae [[axioma]]ticae [[theoria copiarum|copiarum theoriae]] dicunt copiam vacuam exsistere quia necessario est [[axioma copiae vacuae]]; in aliis theoriis, sua exsistentia deduci potest. Multae copiarum proprietates quae fieri possunt pro copia vacua sunt [[Triviarius (mathematica)|triviarie]] verae. ''[[Copia nil]]'' ([[Anglice]]: ''null set'') olim commune fuit nomen copiae vacuae, sed nunc est terminus technicus, verbum [[theoria mensurae|theoriae mensurae]] proprium. == Notatio == Communes copiae vacuae notationes sunt "{}" et "<math>\varnothing</math>" et "<math>\emptyset</math>". Duo signa ultima a [[Grex Bourbaki|Grege Bourbaki]] (diserte ab [[Andreas Weil|Andrea Weil]]) anno [[1939]] introducta sunt, secundum [[littera]]m [[Ø]] in [[abecedarium|abecedariia]] [[lingua Danica|Danico]] et [[lingua Norvegica|Norvegico]], et nullo pacto cum littera Graeca [[Phi|Φ]] coniuncta.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090204213859/http://jeff560.tripod.com/set.html Earliest Uses of Symbols of Set Theory and Logic.]</ref> Alia signa copiae vacuae sunt "Λ" et "0."<ref>[[John B. Conway]], ''Functions of One Complex Variable'', 2nd ed. P. 12.</ref> Signum copiae vacuae {{unicode|∅}} invenitur apud [[Unicode]] punctum U+2205.<ref>[http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf Unicode Standard 5.2]</ref> In [[TeX]], ut \emptyset vel \varnothing digeritur. == Proprietates == [[Axioma extentionis]] in [[theoria copiarum|theoria axiomatica copiarum]] habet duas copias cum ambo elementa eadum contineat esse aequas; ergo copia quae nihil continet est unica. Ita non est multa copia vacua, sed una copia vacua. De qualibet copia A dubitari non potest quin: * Copiam vacuam esse subcopiam A, * Coniunctionem A cum copia vacua esse A, * Intersectionem A cum copia vacua esse copiam vacuam, * Multiplicationem Cartesiensem A cum copia vacua esse copiam vacuam. Vero de copia vacua dubitari non potest quin: * Subcopiam unicam copiae vacuae esse copiam vacuam, * Copiam potitam copiae vacuae esse copiam quae copiam vacuam solam continet, * Numerum elementarum (id est, cardinalitatem) esse zerum. <!--PLUS IN EN:--> {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Empty set symbol.svg|upright=0.6|thumb|Signum copiae vacuae]] * [[Copia inculta]] == Notes == <references /> == Bibliographia == * [[Paulus Halmos|Halmos, Paul]]. [[1960]], [[1974]]. ''Naive set theory''. Princetoniae Novae Caesareae: D. Van Nostrand Company, 1960. Iterum pressum a Springer-Verlag Novi Eboraci, 1974. ISBN 0-387-90092-6. * Jech, Thomas. [[2003]]. ''Set Theory: The Third Millennium Edition, Revised and Expanded.'' Springer. ISBN 3-540-44085-2. {{math-stipula}} [[Categoria:Nihil]] [[Categoria:Theoria classium]] [[Categoria:Zerum]] {{Myrias|Mathematica}} 8l3oclbgzl8dgphtvqtaccwrnvchzt2 0 123404 3960242 3878882 2026-05-17T17:21:45Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3960242 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{data Sancti | |us | |nomen = Iohannes Baptiste De La Salle| |imago = DeLasalle Leger.jpg| |px = 170 | |explanatio = | |titulus = Sacerdos | |natus = [[30 Aprilis]] [[1651]]| |mortuus = [[7 Aprilis]] [[1719]]| |beatificatio = [[1888]] | |canonizatio = [[1900]]| |dies festae = [[7 Aprilis]]| |attributa = | |patronus = Magistris | }} [[Sanctus]] {{res|Iohannes Baptista De La Salle}}<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120718131458/http://www.binetti.ru/colf/07_04.htm Fons Latina Iohannis Baptista de La Salle]</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110516142135/http://onlinecatholicstore.com/index.php?main_page=page&id=4&chapter=0 Fons Anglice de John Baptist de La Salle]</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Jean-Baptiste de La Salle''; natus die [[30 Aprilis]] [[1651]] [[Durocortorum|Durocortori]]; mortuus die [[7 Aprilis]] [[1719]] [[Rothomagus|Rothomagi]]) fuit [[magister]], [[sacerdos]], et conditor rationis scholarum christianum "La Salle". Vitam eius consacravit [[educatio]]nes iuventas [[paupertas|pauperes]]. Fundator est [[Fratres Scholarum Christianorum|Fraterium Scholarium Christianorum]]. Creditur instituentium disciplinae educationis qui confirmat bonum in discipulo et prohibentium poena coporalis institutis et docentium in lingua vernacula et principios [[paedagogia|systematis educationis]] modernae inferentium. == De vita == Anno [[1678]] [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitate Sorbonne]] studuit deinde [[sacerdos]] munus functus. Anno [[1684]], cum 12 magistris schola aperuit ad iuventas pauperes in [[lingua Francogallica]]. Tunc schola in [[Francia]] solo docebant in [[lingua latina]] et solo nobiles servabant. In [[1685]] prima [[schola]] in gentium fundavit magistribus educationis. Sanctus Iohannes Baptise De La Salle obiit [[Rothomagus|Rothomago]] die [[7 Aprilis]], [[1719]]. [[Canonizatio|Canonizatus]] est anno [[1900]]. == Dicta == :"Deus, qui omnia regit cum serenitate ac sapientia cuius ratione non cogere homines inclinantur voluit me committere omnino augmentum ludis." == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Jean-Baptiste de La Salle|Ioannem Baptistam de La Salle}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://www.lasalle.org/ Situs interretialis Lasallensis] * [http://www.brothersvocation.org/ Vocatio fratrum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161030022921/http://www.lasallenetwork.org/ Compendium fontium Lasallenses] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100807182500/http://www.lasallian.info/template/page.cfm?id=151 Opera] {{sanctus-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:De La Salle, Iohannes Baptiste}} [[Categoria:Sancti|Iohannes Baptiste De La Salle]] [[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] [[Categoria:Nati 1651]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1719]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] 7sjsxmgsnj923kmcycs4odkc54ndda9 0 124659 3960265 3629362 2026-05-17T19:47:16Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960265 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason Dambach.svg|thumb|80 px|right|Dambach: [[insigne]]]] [[Fasciculus: Schoeneck-vue_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale.jpg|thumb|250 px|left|Dambach: [[castellum|castelli]] Schœneck ruinae]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 67083.png|250 px|right|thumb|Dambach: communis tabula]] '''Dambach''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 781 incolarum (anno [[2013]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Inferior|Rheni Inferioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Inferioris|Indicem communium praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dambach|Dambach}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220302035105/http://www.dambach-neunhoffen.com/ Dambach pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|67083|de=Dambach}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11491 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni inferioris]] 0ynt5pym3tb24bcrh8ichk0f3k0t1n7 0 125887 3960249 3280520 2026-05-17T18:15:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Curtius Baro de Reibnitz''', plene '''Curtius Arthurus Gustavus Ioannes Otho Baro de''' (''Kurt Artur Gustav Hans Otto Freiherr von'') '''Reibnitz''' (natus [[12 Novembris]] [[1877]] [[Kielia]]e, mortuus [[26 Iunii]] [[1937]] [[Regiomontium|Regiomontii]]) vir publicus [[Germania|Theodiscus]] et sodalis factionis [[SPD]] fuit. == Iuventus et munus == Maiores eius nobiles e provincia Silesia fuerunt. Scholae studiis [[Berolinum|Berolini]] finitis Reibnitz testimonium maturitatis adeptus Kiliae [[Lipsia]]e Berolini iurisprudentiae studebat et anno [[1902]] doctor iuris atque [[1912]] doctor philologiae promotus est. Anno [[1905]] referendarius, anno [[1907]] assessor administrationis factus est. Ab anno [[1909]] ad [[1911]] in administerio [[Borussia]]e commercii laboravit. Ab anno 1912 ad [[1913]] in legatione [[Germania]]e [[Vasingtonia]]e erat et ab anno [[1914]] ad [[1918]] consiliarius (''Landrat'') circuli Falkenberg ([[Silesia]]) erat. Praeterea inter [[primum bellum mundanum]] apud administrationem Germanicam [[Lituania]]e [[Vilnius|Vilnii]] laboravit. Anno [[1919]] dirigens ministerialis in civitate [[Megalopolis-Strelicia|Megalopoli-Strelicia]] nominatus est. Ab anno [[1923]] ad [[1928]] et post annum [[1931]] Berolini argentarius vixit et scriptor. == Cursus honorum == Anno [[1918]] Reibnitz ad factionem SPD accessit. Ab anno [[1920]] ad [[1927]] legatus ad senatum terrae [[Megalopolis-Strelicia]]e erat. Die [[13 Octobris]] [[1919]] primo praeses ministrorum huius civitatis electus est et ad diem [[2 Augusti]] [[1923]] mansit. [[13 Martii]] [[1928]] iterum creatus Megalopolim-Streliciam ad [[4 Decembris]] [[1931]] administravit. De vita publica sua etiam libros composuit<ref>[http://d-nb.info/gnd/116394234/about/html Opera de Reibnitz in Bibliotheca Nationali Germanica]</ref>. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/adr/adrmr/kap1_6/para2_38.html Biographia brevis in actis cancellariae Imperii (lingua Theodisca)] * [http://www.horizonte-magazin.de/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=214:dr-dr-kurt-von-reibnitz Biographia in pagina SPD Megalopolis Pomeraniae Citerioris (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.landesbibliographie-mv.de/DB=2.1/REL?PPN=235413321 Opera de Reibnitz in Bibliographia Civitatis Megalopolis Pomerania Citerioris (lingua Theodisca)] {{Praesides ministrorum Megalopolis-Streliciae}} {{Lifetime|1877|1937|Reibnitz, Curtius de}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Chiloniensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Lipsiensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Berolinensium]] [[Categoria:Legati Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Praesides ministrorum Megalopolis-Streliciae]] [[Categoria:Autobiographi]] [[Categoria:Auctores Theodisci]] azj90x834xe8mwrkc6rsur2pmdfqgl9 0 127022 3960448 3843840 2026-05-18T11:55:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960448 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Lingchi (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Lingchi'': carnificina secandi lenta in [[Beijing]] circa [[1904]].]] '''Cruciatus''' ({{pns|us|m}}),{{L&S ref|cruciatus|cruciatum}} sive '''tortura'''{{L&S ref|tortura|torturam}}<ref>[http://www.latin-dictionary.net/search/latin/tortura LatDict: tortura].</ref> sive {{Scholium|inspicitur=latinitas|Sed estne “tormentum” instrumentum/machina quae cruciatum admovet?|'''tormentum'''}},{{L&S ref|tormentum}} est actus ingerendi [[dolor]]is [[poena]]e vindictae ad confessionem alicuius sceleris eliciendam vel sola crudelitate. Sunt [[gubernatio]]nes et [[vigil]]es quae cruciant captivos vel homines in [[carcer]]e et aliis locis. [[flagellum|flagella]], [[amputatio]], [[castratio]], [[violentia psychologica|violentia psychica]], violentia sexualis, et [[actus sexualis|acta sexualis]] vel [[stuprum|strupra]] committuntur. [[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex|Ius gentium]] et [[humanitarium belli ius]] cuncta cruciata absolute prohibent. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam]] * [[Crimen contra humanitatem]] * [[Declaratio et propositum Vindobonae]] * [[Dies internationalis contra cruciatum]] [[Categoria:Amoralitas]] [[Categoria:Carceres]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] [[Categoria:Moralitas]] [[Categoria:Sociologia]] {{Myrias|Societas}} 7wi07ni0vnmlpr1v1sqao8tphx6js76 3960449 3960448 2026-05-18T11:56:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960449 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Lingchi (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Lingchi'': carnificina secandi lenta in [[Beijing]] circa [[1904]].]] '''Cruciatus''' ({{pns|us|m}}),{{L&S ref|cruciatus|cruciatum}} sive '''tortura'''{{L&S ref|tortura|torturam}}<ref>[http://www.latin-dictionary.net/search/latin/tortura LatDict: tortura].</ref> sive {{Scholium|inspicitur=latinitas|Sed estne “tormentum” instrumentum/machina quae cruciatum admovet?|'''tormentum'''}},{{L&S ref|tormentum}} est actus ingerendi [[dolor]]is ad poenam infligendam aut confessionem alicuius sceleris eliciendam, vel sola crudelitate. Sunt [[gubernatio]]nes et [[vigil]]es quae cruciant captivos vel homines in [[carcer]]e et aliis locis. [[flagellum|flagella]], [[amputatio]], [[castratio]], [[violentia psychologica|violentia psychica]], violentia sexualis, et [[actus sexualis|acta sexualis]] vel [[stuprum|strupra]] committuntur. [[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex|Ius gentium]] et [[humanitarium belli ius]] cuncta cruciata absolute prohibent. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam]] * [[Crimen contra humanitatem]] * [[Declaratio et propositum Vindobonae]] * [[Dies internationalis contra cruciatum]] [[Categoria:Amoralitas]] [[Categoria:Carceres]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] [[Categoria:Moralitas]] [[Categoria:Sociologia]] {{Myrias|Societas}} agmdw3d4g9i5jqpujyosjvm5kakwras 3960450 3960449 2026-05-18T11:57:35Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3960450 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Lingchi (cropped).jpg|thumb|''Lingchi'': carnificina secandi lenta in [[Beijing]] circa [[1904]].]] '''Cruciatus''' ({{pns|us|m}}),{{L&S ref|cruciatus|cruciatum}} sive '''tortura'''{{L&S ref|tortura|torturam}}<ref>[http://www.latin-dictionary.net/search/latin/tortura LatDict: tortura].</ref> sive {{Scholium|inspicitur=latinitas|Sed estne “tormentum” instrumentum/machina quae cruciatum admovet?|'''tormentum'''}},{{L&S ref|tormentum}} est actus ingerendi [[dolor]]is ad poenam infligendam aut confessionem alicuius sceleris eliciendam, vel sola crudelitate. Sunt [[gubernatio]]nes et [[vigil]]es quae cruciant captivos vel homines in [[carcer]]e et aliis locis. [[flagellum|flagella]], [[amputatio]], [[castratio]], [[violentia psychologica|violentia psychica]], violentia sexualis, et [[actus sexualis|acta sexualis]] vel [[stuprum|strupra]] committuntur. [[Internationalis iurum humanorum lex|Ius gentium]] et [[humanitarium belli ius]] cunctos cruciatus absolute prohibent. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam]] * [[Crimen contra humanitatem]] * [[Declaratio et propositum Vindobonae]] * [[Dies internationalis contra cruciatum]] [[Categoria:Amoralitas]] [[Categoria:Carceres]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] [[Categoria:Moralitas]] [[Categoria:Sociologia]] {{Myrias|Societas}} 0nu68m60rha0nusvzz2ru24qh17ky72 0 140959 3960322 3606339 2026-05-18T02:11:29Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3960322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 3000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 3949 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|albedo}} |Repertor = Antonius Mrkos |Repertorbrevis = A. Mrkos |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1985 UL, 1984 JB1, 1985 VG1, 1987 HE2 }} '''3949 {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1985 UL''', '''1984 JB1''', '''1985 VG1''', et '''1987 HE2''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|repertum}} }}]] ab [[Antonius Mrkos|Antonio Mrkos]], astronomo apud [[Observatorium Kleť|Observatorium Kleť]] versato, repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In honorem [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesti Mach]] nominatus est.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epocha]]e {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 3949 {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|&deg;]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|anomalia media}} round 2}}&deg;. <!-- Discovered 1985 Oct. 20 by A. Mrkos at Klet. Named in memory of Ernst Mach (1838-1916), professor of physics at the universities of Graz and Prague and later professor of philosophy in Vienna. He made investigations on supersonic motion, explosions, electric sparks and philosophical positivism, and the Mach number and Mach's principle are forever associated with his name. Name suggested by J. Ticha and M. Solc. NOTE: some special characters may not display properly (any characters within {} are an attempt to place the proper accent above a character) <b>Reference:</b> 19960828/MPCPages.arc <b>Last Updated:</b> 2003-09-26 --> ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3949]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 3000|3949|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] kkbqkiw9vp2x1g0oqqaspobe6qi2wxf 0 157734 3960196 3923112 2026-05-17T15:23:32Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960196 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Croce-Mozart-Detail.jpg|thumb|[[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]], ca. 1780–1781. [[Pictura]] a [[Ioannes Nepomucensis della Croce|Ioanne Nepomucensi della Croce]] (1736–1819) picta.]] '''''Così fan tutte, ossia La scuola degli amanti''''' (''Sic faciunt cunctae, sive Schola Amatorum'') [[Köchel catalogus|K.]] 588, est [[opera buffa]] ([[opera comica]]) in duos [[actus (drama)|actus]] divisa a [[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart|Wolfgango Amadeo Mozart]] composita in [[libellus|libello]] [[lingua Italiana|Italiano]] [[Laurentius Da Ponte|Laurentii Da Ponte]] et primum exhibita anno [[1790]]. ''Così fan tutte'' est una ex tribus [[opera (musica)|operis]] Mozartianis, quarum [[libellus|libellum]] [[Laurentius a Ponte|Da Ponte]] conscripsit. Aliae operae, quibus Da Ponte et Mozart cooperati sunt: ''[[Le Nozze di Figaro]]'' et ''[[Don Giovanni]].'' ==Dramatis personae== [[Fasciculus:Cosi fan tutte - first performance.jpg|thumb|Annuntiatio primae exsecutionis.]] {| class="wikitable" !Persona ![[Genus vocis]] !Primi actores, 26 Ianuari 1790<br/>([[Conductor]]: [[Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]]) |- | Fiordiligi, ''Domina ex Ferrara et soror Dorabellae, Neapoli habitans'' |[[supranus]] |[[Adriana Ferrarese del Bene|Adriana Ferrarese]] |- | Dorabella, ''Domina ex Ferrara et soror Fiordiligi, Neapoli habitans'' |[[medius-suprans]] |Ludovica Villeneuve |- |Guglielmo, ''Amator Fiordiligi, Miles'' |[[barytonus]] |[[Franciscus Benucci]] |- | Ferrando, ''Amator Dorabellae, Miles'' |[[tenor]] |[[Vincentius Calvesi]] |- | Despina, ''ancilla'' |[[sopranus]] |[[Dorothea Bussani]] |- | Don Alfonso, ''philosophus senex'' |[[bassus]] |[[Franciscus Bussani]] |- | colspan="3"|Chorus: milites, servi, nautae |} {{NexInt}} *[[Index operarum Mozart]]<!-- ==Notae==--> ==Bibliographia== *Holden, Amanda, ed. [[1997]]. ''The Penguin Opera Guide. '' Londinii: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-051385-X. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Così fan tutte|''Sic faciunt omnes mulieres''}}<!-- * {{NMA|306|1|72|9}}--> * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120315175818/http://www.kultur-fibel.de/Kultur%20Fibel,%20Oper,%20Cosi%20fan%20tutte%20_%20Kom.htm "Così fan tutte opera,"] apud www.kultur-fibel.de/ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090130130741/http://opera.stanford.edu/Mozart/CosiFanTutte/libretto.html Libellus plenus,] apud opera.stanford.edu * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130721162445/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C815788%2C00.html Mozart apud Met], apud www.time.com/ (''[[Time]]'', 7 Ianuarii 1952) * [http://www.dlib.indiana.edu/variations/scores/baf7511/index.html Partitura] apud www.dlib.indiana.edu/ * [http://www.uctv.tv/search-details.asp?showID=4009 "San Diego OperaTalk! with Nick Reveles: ''Così fan tutte,''"]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud www.uctv.tv/ * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130623115423/http://englishtouringopera.org.uk/about-eto/opera-synopses/mozart-cosi-fan-tutte Synopsis,] apud englishtouringopera.org (English Touring Opera) {{Mozart opera lyrica}} [[Categoria:Musica 1790]] [[Categoria:Opera buffa]] [[Categoria:Operae]] [[Categoria:Wolfgangus Amadeus Mozart]] lsldpf2lt4e9ow92dq34eofs4tm6nma 0 165703 3960328 3899591 2026-05-18T02:16:40Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3960328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Vertigo (discretiva)}} {{res|Vertigo quantica}}{{FD ref}}{{LTL ref|vertigo|959}} seu {{res|rotatio propria}},{{LLHL25 ref|Spin|224}} seu fortasse etiam {{res|volubilitas quantica}}{{FD ref}}{{LTL ref|volubilitas|1032}} (Anglice {{barbarice|lingua=en|spin}}), in [[mechanica quantica]] est [[momentum angulare]] instrinsecum [[particula elementaris|particularium elementarium]]. Vertigo quantica per quantitates discretas tantum mensuratur. Quaedam vertigo intrinsica sic est omnibus [[particula elementaria|particulis elementariis]] usque in singulis punctis constitutis, ut minimum motum angularem semper habeant, etsi nullam [[rotatio]]nem ostendant. Itaque ibi vertigo definienda est ut [[nihil]] sit nisi numerus integer vel semi-integer, qui cum [[constans Planckiana|constanti Planckiana]] multiplicatur ut motus angularis obtineatur. Particulae in binas classes secundum vertiginem dividuntur: [[boson|bosones]] sunt particulae vertigine integra; [[fermion|fermiones]] autem particulae vertigine semi-integra. {{NexInt}} * [[Henricus Fermi]] * [[Resonantia magnetica nuclearis]] ==Notae== <references/> {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Mechanica quantica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] nldtcd6gydgujpss63jwqg4gdhyizt4 0 166433 3960327 3937790 2026-05-18T02:16:18Z Grufo 64423 +Cat 3960327 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Rotatio}} seu {{res|vertigo}} est imprimis motio circularis quam [[rota]]e faciunt. Sensu autem latiore idem appellatur quaeque circularis motio circum [[centrum (geometria)|centrum]] (h.e. centrum rotationis) datum. Cum circum [[axis|axem]] per [[centrum gravitatis]] corporis agitur, rotatio [[gyratio]] appellatur, [[revolutio (astronomia)|revolutio]] autem appellatur cum circum centrum rotationis aliud est, e.g. revolutio [[Tellus|Telluris]] centrum [[systema solare|systematis solaris]].<ref>[http://www.math.dartmouth.edu/~euler/pages/E289.html Situs publicus].</ref> == Mensura == Rotationis [[celeritas]], cum uniformis in [[tempus]] est; censatur variis unitatibus: * secundum {{dubium|[[fluxio]]nem}}: rpm (rotationibus per minutum) vel [[Hertz|Hz]] (circulis per secundum). * secundum singulae rotationis periodum temporis: [[annus|annis]], [[dies|diebus]], [[hora|horis]], [[minutum|minutis]], [[secundum|secundis]]<!-- ==Astronomia== ===Gyratio=== ===Revolutio=== ===Precessio=== --> == Physica == === Momentum motus === * [[Momentum virium]]<!-- ===Acceleratio centripetalis=== ===[[Gyroscopium]]=== ==Mathematica== ===Transformationes coordinatarum=== ===Anguli Euleriani=== ===Gubernatio aeronautica===--> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Astronomia]] * [[Motus horologii]] * [[Praecessio]] * [[Tornus]] * [[Velocitas angularis]] * [[Vis centrifugalis]] * [[Vertigo quantica]] * [[Volubilitas]] {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Cinematica]] [[Categoria:Geometria Euclideana]] [[Categoria:Mechanica classica]] [[Categoria:Orientatio]] [[Categoria:Rotatio| ]] rhyvrtug01uplgih69te70kfe4o4c0o 0 176887 3960268 3907411 2026-05-17T19:49:53Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:L'église de Damigny.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Communis [[templum]], [[Sanctus Germanus|sancto Germano]] dicatum.]] '''Damigny''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 2425 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Olina (praefectura Franciae)|Olinae]] in provincia [[Normannia (regio Franciae)|Normanniae]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Olinae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Damigny|Damigny}} * {{INSEE commune|61143|de=Damigny}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110720213759/http://www.damigny.fr/ Damigny pagina interretialis] * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11509 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Olinae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Olinae]] tg038kaz8hkmlfds655pua62n14bh8k 0 180168 3960248 3950946 2026-05-17T17:49:36Z Icodense 79227 Cyrpus → Cyprus 3960248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{capsa civitatis dubiae Vicidata}} '''Res publica Turcica''' quae dicitur '''Cypri septentrionalis''' ([[Turcice]]; ''Kuzey Kıbrıs Türk Cumhuriyeti'', breviter ''KKTC'') est [[respublica]] se proclamans et a communitate internationali non agnita quae patet in Septemtrionali [[Cyprus|Cypriae]] [[insula]]e zona anno [[1983]] et in zonis ab [[exercitus|exercitu]] [[Turcia|Turcico]] rectis post [[Invasio Turcica Cypri|operationem militarem]] anni [[1974]]. [[Praeses]] [[Respublica|Reipublicae]] e conditione, anno [[1983]], usque ad [[2005]] historicus dux [[Radulphus Denktaş]] fuit, infestus transigendo cum internationaliter agnita [[Cyprus|Reipublicae Cypriae]] gubernatione [[Graeci|Graeco]]-[[Cyprus|Cypria]] ad favendum insulari reunificationi. Ex anno [[2003]], motus politicus reunificationem ac ingressum in [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] cupiens statutus est, quod duxit ad eligendum [[Mahometus Ali Talat|Mahometum Ali Talat]] [[Primus Minister|Primum Minitrum]] anno [[2004]] et [[Praeses|Praesidem]] Reipublicae die [[17 Aprilis]] [[2005]]. [[Mustafa Akıncı]] est quaternus et hodiernus [[praeses]] Cypri Septemtrionalis. Creatus est ad hoc officium in electione praesidis anno 2015.<ref>[http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/presidential-polls-in-north-cyprus.aspx?pageID=449&nID=72372&NewsCatID=425 De electione Cypri Septemtrionalis] in periodico ''Hurriyet Daily News'' (1 Octobris 2015) {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Eius [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Nicosia]] ([[Turcice]] ''Lefkoşa'') est; nihilominus Septemtrionalis urbis pars, quia divisa est termino [[ecechiria]]e, [[Linea viridis (Cyprus)|Linea Viridi]] sive Attilae. ==Status iuridicus== Solum [[Turcia]] declarationem independentiae Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis agnoscit, quae [[Controversia Cypria|a contrario]] "non valida ex aspectu iuridico" secundum [[Concilium Salutis|Concilii Salutis Consociationis Nationum]] resolutiones 541 anni [[1983]] et 550 anni [[1984]] declarata est. In praeterito, aliqui iurisprudentes Rempublicam Turcicam Cypri Septemtrionalis "[[civitas neuropastica|civitatem neuropasticam]]" secundum [[Tribunal Europaeum a iuribus humanis|Tribunalis Europaei ab Iuribus Humanis]] decretum die [[18 Decembris]] [[1996]] definivere quod essentialiter Turciae responsalitatem in ordinariarum rerum gestione in Septemtrionali [[Cyprus|Cypri]] parte agnoscebat. Anno [[2002]] [[Index secretariorum generalium Consociationis Nationum|Secretarius Generalis]] [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] [[Kofi Annan]] destinatum pacis ad reunificandam [[Cyprus|insulam]] ostendit; quod, subiectum [[referendum|referendo]] die [[24 Aprilis]] [[2004]], a 65% suffragatorum in se proclamata Republica Turcica Cypri Septemtrionis acceptum est, sed reiectum est a plerisque suffragatoribus in insulae parte ab internationaliter agnita [[Cyprus|Reipublicae Cypriae]] gubernatione recta. ==Historia== [[Fasciculus:Dioecesis Orientis 400 AD.png|150px|thumb|left|[[Index provinciarum Romanarum|Provincia Romana]] [[Cyprus (provincia Romana)|Cyprus]] intra [[Dioecesis|Dioecesin]] [[Dioecesis Orientis|Orientis]] anno [[400]].]] Propter suam geographicam positionem et suum strategicum pondus, in [[Cyprus|Cyprum]] invasere [[Hetthaei]], [[Assyria|Assyrii]], [[Aegyptus antiqua|Aegyptii]], [[Persia|Persae]], [[Ptolemaei]], [[Roma antiqua|Romani]], [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Byzantini]], [[Leziniacenses]] et [[Respublica Veneta|Venetiani]]. Anno [[1571]], [[Cyprus|insula]] ab [[Imperium Ottomanicum|Imperio Ottomanico]] capta est. Ottomani insulam per [[milla|millarum]] systema, ubi omnes homines secundum [[religio]]nem classificabantur, gubernavere. Cyprus subiectus est [[Turcae|Turcis]] usque ad [[1878]], cum eius administratio ad [[Britanniarum Regnum]] transiret. Usque ad [[primum bellum mundanum]], insula legaliter ad [[Turcia]]m pertinuit, tempore in quo annexa est a [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] ob belligerentiam sociam cum [[Imperia Centralia|Imperiis Centralibus]]. Anno [[1960]] [[libertas|libertatem]] obtinuit. ===Cypri libertas=== [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicum]] dominium ambarum communitatum aspirationes{{dubsig}} continere nequivit. [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprii anno [[1830]], cum nata est [[Graecia|Civitas Graeca]], inceperant agnitionem pro [[Enōsis|Enōsi]] sive unione cum [[Graecia]] cum qua [[cultura]]lia ac [[historia|historica]] vincula habebat. A contrario, [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cyprii milites subitarios [[VOLKAN]] conformavere qui anno [[1858]] ceperunt novum nomen "[[Organizatio Resistentiae Turcicae|Organizationem Resistentiae Turcicae]]" ([[Turcice]] ''Türk Mukavemet Teşkilatı,'' ''TMT'') et quorum propositum [[Enōsis|Enōsin]] vitare et [[Taximum|Taximo]] ([[Turcice]] ''Taksim'') sive divisioni inter [[Turcia]]m et [[Graecia]]m favere erat. Exigentiae in violentam pugnam, ab [[Organizatio Nationalis Proeliatorum Cypriorum|Organizatione Nationali Proeliatorum Cypriorum]] ([[Graece]]; Εθνική Οργάνωσις Κυπρίων Αγωνιστών sive ΕΟΚΑ) rectam, adduxere, favente [[Archiepiscopus|Archiepiscopo]] [[Macarius III|Macario III]], [[Ecclesia Orthodoxa Cypria|Ecclesiae Autocephalae Orthodoxae Cypriae]] archiepiscopo et [[primatus|primato]]. Ob talem situationem, [[Turcae]] [[Imperium Britannicum|Imperio Britannico]] favere coeperunt ne civitatis Graecae subditi essent. Ante militarem sumptum et vitarum humanarum ammissionem quos postulabat [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] [[colonialismus|colonialem]] situationem servare, haec natio [[Graecia]]m et [[Turcia]]m invitavit ut invenirent solutionem quaestioni Cypriae. [[Fasciculus:Makarios III and Robert F. Wagner NYWTS cropped.jpg|thumb|350px|Archiepiscopus [[Macarius III]].]] Quod adduxit ad Consensum [[Turicum (urbs)|Turicensem]] anno [[1958]] et ad Consensum [[Londinium|Londinensem]] anno [[1959]]. Quae vigere coepere die [[16 Augusti]] [[1960]] cum [[Cyprus|Reipublicae Cypriae]] partu per complicatam [[constitutio]]nem cuius praecipuae res sunt: * Bicommunalis [[respublica]] cum aequalitario statuto ambabus communitatibus. * [[Graecia]], [[Turcia]], et [[Britanniarum Regnum]] erunt potentiae sponsoriae cum interventionis iure si constitutionale regimen in periculum vocetur. * Ut [[Enōsis]] vitaretur, declaratus est Cyprus se iungere ad ullam nationem, civitatum circulos et organizationes nequire quas [[Graecia]] et [[Turcia]] non participant. Etiam statutum est ut [[Cyprus|Respublica Cypria]], tota aut ex parte, politicam aut oeconomicam unionem cum alia Civitate participet. * [[Potestas exsecutiva]] a [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprio [[praeses|praeside]] et a [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cyprio [[praeses vicarius|praeside vicario]], a suis respectivis communitatibus per [[suffragium universale]] electis, suscipiebatur. * Ambo identicis potestatibus fruentur, cum intercessionis iure. * [[Potestas legisfera]] erit in domu repraesentantium cum membris electis ab ambabus communitatibus proportione 70/30. * Utraque communitas propriam [[parlamentum|cameram legisferam communalem]] cum competentiis [[religio]]so ac [[cultura]]li ambitu inter alias. * Ambae communitates in foederibus suas [[Enōsis|Enōseōs]] et [[Taximum|Taximi]] postulationes repudiare accipient. ===Divisio intercommunalis=== [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprius dux [[Macarius III]], intercommunali aequitati contrarius, [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cypriorum ius intercessionis eliminare conatus est per constitutionis mutationem. Horum reiectio [[Controversia Cypria|variis violentiae actibus]] anno [[1963]] facya est, quorum culmen accidit hoc anno, proximo et [[1967]]. Proinde, Turco-Cyprii [[Cyprus|insulae]] campos relinquere, in exsilium se in inclavaturas eiicere et suos locos operandi relinquere coacti sunt. [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] [[Concilium Salutis]] vim pacis [[UNICYP]] in [[Cyprus|insula]] collocare probavit, quae ibi adhuc diffusa est. ===Operationes militares Turcicae=== [[Fasciculus:Operación Atila. Monumento a los caídos Operación Jul Ago 1974. Temblos.jpg|thumb|left|Turco-Cypriorum mortuorum in proelio sepulcra.]] [[15 Iulii|Idibus Iuliis]] [[1974]] effecta est in [[Cyprus|insula]] [[subitanea rerum conversio]] contra Macarii [[gubernatio]]nem. Quae ducta est a [[Graecia|Graeco]] et [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprio circulo militare cum destinato resuscitandae [[Enōsis|Enōseōs]]. Etiam nuncupatae [[Iuncta Colonellorum|Iunctae Colonellorum]] ([[Graece]] Χούντα των Συνταγματαρχών) favorem habebat qui [[Graecia]]m inter [[1967]] et [[1974]] gubernabant. Quod [[Turcia]]m territavit quae Turco-Cypriae [[minoritas|minoritatis]] metum habebat quam protegere pollicita est propter praestationis foedus [[Cyprus|Civitatem Cypriam]] pariens. Cuius causā, firmam invasionem in Septemtrionalem [[Cyprus|Cypri]] partem per [[Operatio Attila|Operationem Attilam]], etiam a [[Turcia|Turcis]] "Operationem Servandae Pacis" nuncupatam, perfecit. Territorii igitur 37 centesimae penes [[Turcia|Turcas]] mansere et inter 140&thinsp;000 et 160&thinsp;000 [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprii e Septemtrionali [[Cyprus|insulae]] parte fugire debuere. Ex illo tempore, exsulum regressus in eorum terras et proprietates a Graeco-Cypriis expostulatur. [[Turcia]], pro sua parte, respondit cum proclamatione "Civitatis Foederatae Turcicae Cypri" anno [[1975]] et [[November|Novembri]] mense anni [[1983]] cum [[independentia]]e declaratione rem publicam Turcicam Cypri septemtrionalis faciens. ===Status post invasionem Turcicam=== [[Fasciculus:Cyprus.jpg|thumb|[[Cyprus]] annis [[1970]] et [[1998]].]] Ex operatione effecta anno [[1974]] [[Nationes Unitae]] conflictum sine successu solvere conataesunt. Anno [[1999]] [[Unio Europaea]] in Consilio Europaeo [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiensi]] statuit ut reunificatio condicio ad adhaerendum Cyprum non esset. [[Graecia]] [[Turcia]]e candidatum intercedere comminata est si non includebatur haec decisio. Nationes Unitae innumerabiles conatus effecerunt ad solvendum conflictum per unificationem. A [[Index secretariorum generalium Consociationis Nationum|Secretario Generali Consociationis Nationum]] facta proposita annis [[1984]], [[1986]] et [[1992]] a Graeco-Cypriis reiecta sunt quia politicam aequitatem inter duas communitates non admittebant. Alia solvendi conflictus conamina annis [[1996]] et [[1997]] defecere, quoniam Turco-Cypriis non agnita est Civitas independens. Illius temporis Secretarius Generalis [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] [[Kofi Annan]] novum propositum anno [[2002]] ideas includentes praesentavit quae fortes repudiationes inter Graecam communitatem attulere. Anno [[2003]] emendata, statuebat duarum civitatum foederationem creare — Civitatem Graeco-Cypriam et Civitatem Turco-Cypriam — ambas a gubernatione foederali cum paucissima potestate coniunctas, ut viget in [[Bosnia et Herzegovina]] aut ut [[Serbia et Mons Niger|Serbiae et Montis Nigri]] gubernatio usque ad dissolutionem. Post innumera colloquia, die [[24 Aprilis]] [[2004]] Secretarii Generalis Consociationis Nationum destinatum pacis [[Cyprus|Cypro]] praesentatum est ut per [[referendum]] in ambabus communitatibus ratificaretur. Turco-Cyprii, sui praesidis [[Raufus Denktaş|Raufi Denktaş]] consilium ut contra suffragarentur neglegentes, propositum cum 65% incolarum probavere. Graeco-Cypria communitas destinatum reiecit, quamobrem, finem cepere omnes spes ut unificatus [[Cyprus]] in [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] [[1 Maii|Kalendis Maiis]] [[2004]] iniret. Plerique Graeco-Cyprii destinatum nimias potestates Turco-Cypriis dare putabant. Praecipua optio Graeco-Cypria oppositio fuit quoniam omnes Graeco-Cyprii exsules ad suas domos redire nequivere, quia [[Turcia|Turcicae]] copiae in [[Cyprus|insula]] indefinite manere poterant iuxta cum 45 000 Turcicorum colonorum ibi consessorum. ==Geographia== [[Fasciculus:Cipro-Famagosta2.jpg|thumb|Acta [[Arsinoe (eparchia)|Arsinoës]].]] Zona a [[Turcia]] occupata e [[1974]] 3355 [[chiliometrum quadratum|km<sup>2</sup>]] lata est, fere 36% [[Cyprus|Cypri]] [[Area (geometria)|area]]m repraesentans. [[Pelvis Mediterranea]]e Boreoriente, in [[Mare Levantinum|Pelvi Levantina]] sita, insula 65 [[chiliometrum|km]] a [[Turcia]] Septemtrione, 100 km a [[Syria]] Oriente, 420 km ab [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] Meridie et 480 km a [[Graecia|Graeca]] [[insula]] [[Rhodus|Rhodo]] distat. Turco-Cypria litora, 780 km longa, harenosa et saxosa, sunt unus locorum ubi ova pariunt [[Chelonia mydas|chelonia mydae]] et [[Caretta caretta|carettae]] inter menses [[Aprilis]] et [[Augustus|Augusti]]. Territorii Meridie, [[Linea viridis (Cyprus)|Linea Viridis]], zona dearmata et penes [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] [[Vires Pacis Consociationis Nationum|Cassides Caeruleas]] ([[UNFICYP]]), lineam demarcationis cum [[Cyprus|Republica Cypri]] Meridie constituit. ===Clima=== [[Clima]] typice [[Clima mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]] est cum [[aestas|aestatibus]] calidis siccisque et [[hiems|hiemibus]] dulcibus umidisque. {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" class="wikitable gauche sortable" style="margin: 0.5em 1em 1em; background:FFFFFF; border: 2px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 80%; " ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"| ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Ianuarius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Februarius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Martius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Aprilis ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Maius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Iunius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Iulius ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|Augustus ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|September ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|October ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|November ! align="center" style="background:#99CCCC;;"|December |- ||T° (max)||15||16||18||22||26||30||34||34||31||27||23||17 |- ||T° (min)||6||6||8||10||14||18||21||21||19||15||11||8 |- ||T° (med)||11||11||13||16||20||24||27||27||25||21||16||13 |- ||Praecipitationes (mm)||80||50||50||20||20||5||0||0||5||25||40||100 |- ||T° maris (med)||13||12||13||15||15||17||24||25||19||20||16||12 |} ===Fauna et flora=== [[Fasciculus:07. Operación Atila. Pentamilli. Vista desde el E.jpg|thumb|Cypri Septemtrionalis litora.]] Distinguuntur tria magna vitalia spatia [[fauna]]e et [[flora]]e in Cypro Septemtrionali: iugum montium, litus et superficies in usu [[agricultura]]li. [[Silva]]e in [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Ceryniae]] montibus densantur, ubi inveniuntur [[pinus|pini]], [[Cupressus|cupressi]] et [[Cedrus|cedri]], sed etiam [[Juniperus|iuniperi]], [[platanus|platani]], [[quercus]], [[olea]]e et [[Ceratonia siliqua|siliquae]]. Pauca [[animalia]] modo silvestri vivunt, exceptis [[Gyps fulvus|gype fulvo]], [[Vulpes (genus)|vulpe]], [[Chiroptera|chiropteris]], [[Chelonioidea|chelonioideis]] et [[Ovis aries ophion|ophione]]. ==Civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Rauf Denktash.jpg|thumb|Raufus Denktaş.]] Secundum [[constitutio]]nem, Respublica Turcica Cypri Septemtrionalis [[respublica]] [[democratia|democratica]] [[saecularismus|laica]] cum [[systema semipraesidiale|regimine semipraesidiali]] est. [[Praeses]] est etiam [[Dux Civitatis]], [[Primus Minister]] et [[Dux Gubernationis]]. ===Praecipuae factiones politicae=== Octo [[factio politica|factiones]] Turco-Cypriam [[civilitas|politicam]] vitam condividentes quae sunt: * [[Factio Unitatis Nationalis (Cyprus)|Factio Unitatis Nationalis]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Ulusal Birlik Partisi'' sive ''UBP''), [[dextera (civilitas)|dexterae]]; * [[Factio Democrata (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Factio Democrata]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Demokrat Parti''), [[centrum (civilitas)|centri]] dexterae; * [[Factio Respublicana Turcica]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Cumhuriyetçi Türk Partisi'' sive ''CTP''), centri [[sinistra (civilitas)|sinistrae]]; * [[Factio Libertatis et Reformationis]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Özgürlük ve Reform Partisi'' sive ''ÖRP''), centri sinistrae; * [[Factio Democratiae Communis]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Toplumcu Demokrasi Partisi'' sive ''TDP''), centri sinistrae; * [[Factio Cypri Uniti (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Factio Cypri Uniti]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Birleşik Kıbrıs Partisi'' sive ''BKP''), [[Communismus|communistica]]; * [[Factio Novi Cypri (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Factio Novi Cypri]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Yeni Kıbrıs Partisi'' sive ''YKP''), centri sinistrae: * [[Factio Socialistica Cypri (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Factio Socialistica Cypri]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Kıbrıs Sosyalist Partisi'' sive ''KSP''), [[extrema sinistra|extremae sinistrae]]. ===Comitia=== ====Praesidialia==== [[Praeses]] [[Respublica|Reipublicae]] Cypri Septemtrionalis cata quinquennio per [[suffragium universale|suffragium universale directum]] electus est. Prima [[comitia]] anno [[1981]] habita sunt, ubi visus est [[Raufus Denktaş]] eligi Praeses Cypri Septemtrionalis, et fuit anno [[2005]], post quinque mandata, cum se ad comitia praesentare desivit. Diei [[24 Aprilis]] [[2005]] comitia [[Democratia socialis|Socialis Democratae]] [[Mahometus Ali Talat|Mahometi Ali Talat]] victoriam e [[Factio Respublicana Turcica|Factione Respublicana Turcica]] videre. Diei [[18 Aprilis]] [[2010]] comitia [[Primus Minister|Primum Ministrum]] [[Dervisus Eroğlu|Dervisum Eroğlu]] Civitatis capite collocavit. ====Legisfera==== Comitia [[potestas legisfera|legisfera]] habita sunt cata quinquennio per [[repraesentatio proportionalis|suffragium proportionale]] ut electi sint quinquaginta [[Deputatus|deputati]]. Minima [[percentatio]] ut electi deputati habere possit est 5 centesimae. Die [[19 Aprilis]] [[2009]] habita sunt, anticipate, octava comitia legisfera in Cypro Septemtrionali: est [[Factio Unitatis Nationalis (Cyprus)|Factio Unitatis Nationalis]], hodie a [[Dervisus Eroğlu|Derviso Eroğlu]] ducta, qui comitia vicit ob [[Factio Respublicana Turcica|Factionem Respublicanam Turcicam]] Praesidis Cypri Septemtrionalis [[Mahometus Ali Talat|Mahometi Ali Talat]]. ===Defensio=== [[Vis Securitatis Cypri Septemtrionalis]] ([[Turcice]]; ''Güvenlik Kuvvetleri Komutanlığı'' sive ''KKTC'') a 5000 [[miles|militum]] componitur. Quae ipsa non est [[exercitus]], sed accuratius [[divisio militaris]]. Praeter militum formationem, ea etiam Turco-Cyprios [[vigil]]es formationem suscipit. [[Vis Securitatis Cypri Septemtrionalis]] [[Maior Generalis]] ([[Turcice]] ''Tümgeneral'') a suo [[Vires Terrestres Turcicae|Exercitus Turcici]] homologo designatur. ====Maiores Generales==== [[Fasciculus:Turkish Stars In Formation 20-July-2011.tif|thumb|right|[[Stellae Turcicae|Stellarum Turcicarum]] ([[Turcice]] ''Türk Yıldızları'') functio per Diem Pacis et Libertatis Cypri Septemtrionalis anno [[2011]].]] Turco-Cypriorum Maiorum Generalium muneris duratio est biennium. Hic inferius est catalogus [[Maior Generalis|Maiorum Generalium]] in Cypro Septemtrionali: {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center" |- style="background:#cccccc" ! # !! colspan=1|[[Maior Generalis]] !! mandati initium !! mandati finis |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''1''' | rowspan=1 | [[Hayrius Ündür]] | rowspan=1 | [[10 Septembris]] [[1976]] | rowspan=1 | [[29 Augusti]] [[1978]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''2''' | rowspan=1 | [[Attila Erdoğan]] | rowspan=1 | [[26 Augusti]] [[1978]] | rowspan=1 | [[21 Augusti]] [[1980]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''3''' | rowspan=1 | [[Cemal Yavuz]] | rowspan=1 | [[21 Augusti]] [[1980]] | rowspan=1 | [[24 Augusti]] [[1982]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''4''' | rowspan=1 | [[Hicmetus Köksal]] | rowspan=1 | [[24 Augusti]] [[1982]] | rowspan=1 | [[22 Augusti]] [[1984]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''5''' | rowspan=1 | [[Iosephus Selçuk Saka]] | rowspan=1 | [[22 Augusti]] [[1984]] | rowspan=1 | [[14 Augusti]] [[1986]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''6''' | rowspan=1 | [[Bilgius Büyükünal]] | rowspan=1 | [[14 Augusti]] [[1986]] | rowspan=1 | [[20 Augusti]] [[1988]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''7''' | rowspan=1 | [[Ali Yalçın]] | rowspan=1 | [[20 Augusti]] [[1988]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[1990]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''8''' | rowspan=1 | [[Erdogan Dirik]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[1990]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[1992]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''9''' | rowspan=1 | [[Yasar Spor]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[1992]] | rowspan=1 | [[19 Augusti]] [[1994]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''10''' | rowspan=1 | [[Ismaël Koçman]] | rowspan=1 | [[19 Augusti]] [[1994]] | rowspan=1 | [[25 Augusti]] [[1996]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''11''' | rowspan=1 | [[Hasan Peker Günal]] | rowspan=1 | [[25 Augusti]] [[1996]] | rowspan=1 | [[21 Augusti]] [[1998]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''12''' | rowspan=1 | [[Ali Nihat Özeyranlı]] | rowspan=1 | [[21 Augusti]] [[1998]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[2000]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''13''' | rowspan=1 | [[Galipus Mendi]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[2000]] | rowspan=1 | [[16 Augusti]] [[2002]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''14''' | rowspan=1 | [[Nadzmaldin Baykul]] | rowspan=1 | [[17 Augusti]] [[2002]] | rowspan=1 | [[18 Augusti]] [[2004]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''15''' | rowspan=1 | [[Tauficus Özkılıç]] | rowspan=1 | [[18 Augusti]] [[2004]] | rowspan=1 | [[9 Augusti]] [[2006]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''16''' | rowspan=1 | [[Mahometus Eröz]] | rowspan=1 | [[9 Augusti]] [[2006]] | rowspan=1 | [[19 Augusti]] [[2008]] |- style="background:#ffffff" | rowspan=1 | '''17''' | rowspan=1 | [[Abdullah Recep]] | rowspan=1 | [[19 Augusti]] [[2008]] | rowspan=1 | [[19 Augusti]] [[2010]] |} ==Divisiones administrativae== Respublica Turcica Cypri Septemtrionalis divisa est in [[eparchia]]s ([[Turcice]]; ''kaza'') quinque cum [[caput (urbs)|capite]] homonymo. {| class="wikitable" |- ! Tabula Cypri!! Eparchiae !! [[lingua Turcica|Turcicum]] nomen</tr> | rowspan=6 | <imagemap> Fasciculus:NCyprus districts named.png|370px| </imagemap> | [[Arsinoe (eparchia)|Arsinoë]]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; || ''Gazimağusa''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</tr> | [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]] || ''Girne''</tr> | [[Morphou (eparchia)|Morphou]] || ''Güzelyurt''</tr> | [[Nicosia (eparchia)|Nicosia]] || ''Lefkoşa''</tr> | [[Tricomon (eparchia)|Tricōmon]] || ''İskele'' </tr> |} [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] Septemtrionalis [[Nicosia]]e ([[Turcice]] ''Lefkoşa'') pars est. Inter Cyprum Septemtrionalem et [[Cyprus|Rempublicam Cypri]] fines, [[Linea viridis (Cyprus)|Linea Viridis]] nuncupati, est penes 1400 [[Vires Pacis Consociationis Nationum|Cassidum Caerulearum]], sed etiam penes [[Britanniarum Regnum]]. Hoc ultimum ibi servat [[propugnaculum|propugnacula]] circiter cum 4000 militum [[Acroterion Britannicum|Acroterii]], [[Cyprus|insulae]] Meridie, et [[Decelia]]e. De territoriali horum propugnaculorum attributione quaestio nondum soluta est, quae, in finitima zona sita, penes duplicem administrationem coniunctam inter duas Cyprias civitates condivisam sunt, cum [[lex|legibus]] dissimilibus ad [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicos]] habitatores, sed cum legali systemate civili valde fundato in [[Cyprus|Civitatis Cypriae Graecae]] eo, cum accommodationibus ad [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cyprios Deceliae habitatores. Hae [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannicae]] [[Suverenitas|suverenitatis]] zonae etiam commutationis loco, negotiatione et transitu inter duas [[Cyprus|insulae]] communitates prosunt. ==Demographia== {{bar box |float=right |titlebar=#ddd |title=[[Religio]] in Cypro Septemtrionali |left1=religio |right1=percentatio |bars = {{bar percent|[[Islamismus]]|Green|98}} {{bar percent|[[Religio Christiana]]|Blue|2}} }} [[Gubernatio]] Cypri Septemtrionalis anni [[1983]] Boreocyprios [[numerus incolarum|incolas]] 155 521 fuisse aestimat. E Gubernatione [[Cyprus|Reipublicae Cypriae]] aestimationes anni [[2001]] numerum incolarum in 200&thinsp;000 collocant, e quibus inter 80&thinsp;000 et 89&thinsp;000 [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cyprii sunt et inter 109&thinsp;000 et 117&thinsp;000 [[Turcia|Turci]] [[colonus|coloni]] sunt. [[Cyprus|Totius insulae]] [[census]] anno [[1960]] Turco-Cypriorum 102&thinsp;000 et [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cypriorum numerum 450&thinsp;000 indicavit. Aestimationes 36&thinsp;000 (circiter 1/3) Turco-Cypriorum inter annos [[1975]] et [[1995]] emigravisse asserunt, cum consequentia ut intra Cyprum Septemtrionalem Turco-Cyprii a colonis e [[Turcia]] superati essent. Cypri Septemtrionalis primus officialis census perfectus est anno [[1996]]. Incolae relati sunt 200 587. Secundus census, anno [[2006]] factus, Cypri Septemtrionalis incolas 265&thinsp;100 esse revelavit, quorum plerique ab aboriginalibus [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cypriis componuntur, dum reliqui magnum [[Turcia|Turcorum]] colonorum numerum includunt. E 178&thinsp;000 [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cypriis civibus, 82% sunt aboriginales [[Cyprus|Cyprii]] (145 000). E 45&thinsp;000 natorum e haud Cypria familia, circiter 40% (17 000) nati sunt in [[Cyprus|Cypro]]. Haud civium numerus, inclusis studentibus, hospitibus laboratoribus et temporariis residentibus, 78 000 hominum attigit. Anno [[2010]] [[International Crisis Group|Societas Internationalis Criseōs]] ([[Anglice]]; ''International Crisis Group'') omnes Cypri Septemtrionalis incolas 300&thinsp;000 esse aestimavit, fortasse quorum dimidium aut nati sunt in [[Turcia]] aut talium colonorum filii sunt. Fons Cypri Septemtrionalis incolas 500&thinsp;000 attigisse, inter 50 centesimas Turco-Cypriorum et 50 centesimas Turcarum colonorum sive eorum filiorum in Cypro natorum divisos, affirmat. Census [[December|Decembri]] [[2011]] perfectus in controversiam a [[factio politica|factionibus politicis]], [[Collegium opificum|collegiis opificum]] et localibus [[diarium|diariis]] vocatus est. Gubernatio de fraude et ne consulto totum numerum incolarum cum 294 906 computavisset accusata est. Quoque accusata est ut aestimationem 700 000 ante censum ad petendum pecuniarium auxilium e [[Turcia]] dedisset. [[Fasciculus:St. Nikolaos Mustafa- Pascha-Moschee C.jpg|thumb|[[Meschita Lala Mustafa Pasha]], anno [[1328]] velut [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholica]] [[cathedralis]] aperta et conversa ad [[meschita]]m postquam [[Imperium Ottomanicum]] [[Arsinoë (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Arsinoën]] anno [[1571]] cepisset.]] Cyprus Septemtrionalis fere tota [[lingua Turcica|Turcophonica]] est. [[Lingua Anglica]], nihilominus, ample in usu est velut secunda lingua. Sunt 644 [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprii [[Rhizocarpasum]] ([[Lingua Neograeca|Graece]]; Ριζοκάρπασο et [[Turcice]] ''Dipkarpaz'') inhabitantes et 364 [[Maronita]]e [[Cormacites|Cormacitibus]] ([[Lingua Arabica Maronitica Cypria|Arabice Maronitice Cyprice]] ܟܘܪܡܐܟܝܬܝܣ; [[Lingua Neograeca|Graece]] Κορμακίτης; [[Turcice]] ''Kormacit'' sive ''Koruçam''). [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprii [[Rhizocarpasum|Rhizocarpasi]] penes [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cypriam administrationem vivere consentiunt et in Cypro Septemtrionali adhuc post anni [[1974]] hostilia manent. Reliqui Graeco-Cyprii in Cypro Septemtrionali penes Graeco-Cypriam administrationem vivere elegere et effugere in [[Cyprus|Meridiem]]; secundum Consensionem Commutationis Incolarum inter [[Turcae|Turco]]-Cyprios et [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprios sub auspiciis [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociationis Nationum]] die [[2 Augusti]] [[1975]]. Velut resultatio, [[Rhizocarpasum]] est domus maximi numeri incolarum [[Lingua Neograeca|Hellenophonorum]] in Cypro Septemtrionali. [[Graeci|Graeco]]-Cyprii incolae adhuc a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] suppeditantur et Graeco-Cypria producta, proinde, in aliquibus tabernis prompta sunt. ===Urbes cum maximo numero incolarum=== {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Positio ! [[Urbs]] ! [[Eparchia]] ! [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]] ! Photographemata |- | 1 || [[Nicosia|Nicosia Septemtrionalis]] || [[Nicosia (eparchia)|Nicosia]] || 49 868 || [[Fasciculus:Nicosia 01-2017 img31 View from City Royal Hotel.jpg|100px|thumb|Nicosia Septemtrionalis]] |- | 2 || [[Arsinoë (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Arsinoë]] || [[Arsinoe (eparchia)|Arsinoë]] || 35 381 || [[Fasciculus:Cipro-Famagosta 4.jpg|100px|thumb|Arsinoë]] |- | 3 || [[Cerynia]] || [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]] || 23 839 || [[Fasciculus:Bellapais - Blick auf Kyrenia.jpg|100px|thumb|Cerynia]] |- | 4 || [[Morphou]] || [[Morphou (eparchia)|Morphu]] || 12 391 || [[Fasciculus:Guzelyurt church 01.jpg|100px|thumb|Morphou]] |- | 5 || [[Cionelium]] || [[Nicosia (eparchia)|Nicosia]] || 12 186 || [[Fasciculus:Gonyeli Monument of National Struggle and Liberty.jpg|100px|thumb|Cionelium]] |- | 6 || [[Leuca (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Leuca]] || [[Morphou (eparchia)|Morphu]] || 7 532 || [[Fasciculus:Lefke heykel.jpg|100px|thumb|Leuca]] |- | 7 || [[Cythraea]] || [[Nicosia (eparchia)|Nicosia]] || 6 184 || [[Fasciculus:Kythrea EL.jpg|100px|thumb|Cythraea]] |- | 8 || [[Lapēthos]] || [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]] || 5 658 || [[Fasciculus:Lapithos EN.jpg|100px|thumb|Lapēthos]] |- | 9 || [[Carăbas]] || [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]] || 4 638 || [[Fasciculus:Karavas EL.jpg|100px|thumb|Pyeongyangum]] |- | 10 || [[Sanctus Epictetus]] || [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]] || 4 183 || |} ==Oeconomia== {{imago multiplex |align = right |direction = vertical |width = 220 |image1 = Tall buildings in North Nicosia.JPG |caption1 = [[Nicosia|Nicosiae Septemtrionalis]] [[regio mercatoria]]. |image2 = Kaya Artemis Hotel.jpg |caption2 = [[Deversorium]] in [[eparchia]] [[Tricomon (eparchia)|Tricomo]]. [[Periegesis]] dominantium camporum unus est intra Cypri Septemtrionalis [[oeconomia]]m. |image3 = Kyrenia 01-2017 img04 view from castle bastion.jpg |caption3 = [[Cerynia]] est unus inter praecipuos turisticos [[vicus recreationis|vicos]] in Cypro Septemtrionali. }} [[Fasciculus:Cipro-Famagosta 4.jpg|thumb|Via mercatoria in [[Arsinoë (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Arsinoa]].]] Respublica [[Turcae|Turcica]] Cypri Septemtrionalis internationalem [[interclusio]]nem patitur; propter hanc [[diplomatia|diplomaticam]] insulationem, ea directe negotiari nequit cum aliis civitatibus, excepta [[Turcia]]; quamobrem paene duae tertiae partes [[exportatio]]num et [[importatio]]num fiunt cum [[Turcia|Civitate Turcica]]. [[Moneta]] [[Libra Turcica]] est. Grapheum [[Statistica]]e Turco-Cyprium [[productus nationalis grossus|productum nationalem grossum]] pro capite multiplicandum esse tempore minore quam decennio declarat, quod eam appropinquet ad eum [[Cyprus|Cypri]]: {| bgcolor="#f7f8ff" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" border="1" style=font-size:95%; border:gray solid 1px; border-collapse:collapse; |-bgcolor="f7f8ff" !rowspan="1" |Annus |[[2000]]||[[2001]]||[[2002]]||[[2003]]||[[2004]]||[[2005]]||[[2006]]||[[2007]]||[[2008]]||[[2009]] |-bgcolor="f7f8ff" !cospan="1" |PNG/inc. ($) |{{formatnum:4978}}||{{formatnum:4303}}||{{formatnum:4409}}||{{formatnum:5949}}||{{formatnum:8095}}||{{formatnum:10567}}||{{formatnum:11837}}||{{formatnum:14765}}||{{formatnum:16158}}||{{formatnum:13354}} |} Anno [[2009]], secundum [[Turcia|Turcicum]] prelum, [[merces minima]] 1 237 librarum Turcicarum et [[functionarius|functionarii]] merces minima 1 500 librarum Turcicarum erat. ===Commercium=== [[Commercium]] cum Civitatibus tertiis obices habet ex iudicio [[Curia Unionis Europaeae|Tribunalis Iustitiae Communitatum Europaearum]] diei [[5 Iulii]] [[1994]], quod testimonia scripta e Septemtrionali zona orta intra [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] non accipi statuit. ====Importatio==== Anno [[2007]], secundum Ministerium Culturae, Ambitus et Periegeseōs, [[importatio]]nes amplius [[milliardum]] et dimidium [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] repraesentabant, scilicet, incrementum amplius 450% sexennio. Pleraque bona importata [[vehiculum|vehiculorum]] (10%), [[fomes|fomitis]] (7%), [[constructio]]nis (4%)... generis erant. Duae importationum tertiae partes cum [[Turcia]] fierent, 16% cum [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] nationibus, 7% cum [[Media Asia|Mediae Asiae]] nationibus. ====Exportatio==== Anno [[2007]], [[exportatio]]nes amplius octoginta [[millio]]nes [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] repraesentabant, scilicet incrementum amplius 100% e potestate a [[Turcia|Turcico]] exercitu suscepta. Pleraque bona exportata sunt [[rutaceae]] (25%) et [[lac]] (25%). Secundum numeros a Gubernatione Turco-Cypria editos, fere duae tertiae exportationum partes cum [[Turcia]], 15% cum [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] nationibus, 11% cum [[Media Asia|Mediae Asiae]] nationibus fierent. ===Periegesis=== Anno [[2008]], Res publica Turcica Cypri septemtrionalis 1&thinsp;008&thinsp;000 [[turismus|turistarum]] accepisse aestimat, scilicet incrementum fere 25% relatum ad annum praevium. 65%, scilicet 650&thinsp;000, [[Turcia|Turcicae]] originis et 57&thinsp;000 [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britannici]] erant. [[October|Octobri]] [[2009]], [[lectus|lectorum]] numerus erat 15&thinsp;705 (e quibus 11&thinsp;065 solum in [[Cerynia (eparchia)|Cerynia]]), scilicet incrementum 1,7% relatum ad eandem periodon anno [[2008]]. Quinque stellarum [[Deversorium|deversoria]] fere turistarum numeri dimidium accipiunt. Excellit praecipue deversorium [[Mercure (deversorium)|Mercure]]. ==Infrastructura== ===Media communicationis=== Inter praecipua [[diarium|diaria]] sunt: :Afrika gazetesi [https://web.archive.org/web/20141216181610/http://afrikagazetesi.com/] :Halkın Sesi [http://www.halkinsesi.org] :Kıbrıs gazetesi [http://www.kibrisgazetesi.com] :Kıbrıslı [https://web.archive.org/web/20210304021932/http://kibrisligazetesi.net/] :trnc.info - daily news [https://web.archive.org/web/20080211063208/http://www.trncinfo.com/TANITMADAIRESI/index.htm] :Vatan [http://www.vatangazetesi.com/] :Volkan [https://web.archive.org/web/20140927073014/http://volkangazetesi.com/] :Yeniduzengazetesi [http://www.yeniduzengazetesi.com] Inter praecipua portalia nuntiorum in [[Interrete|Interreti]] sunt: :Kıbrıs Postası. Quotidie ad hodiernas conformatum. Independens [http://www.kibrispostasi.com] :Yerel Info. Locales Cypri Septemtrionalis nuntii [https://web.archive.org/web/20201129020003/http://yerel.info/] :Hamamböcüleri. Alternativi nuntii. [http://www.hamamboculeri.org] :Kuzey Kıbrıs Haber [https://web.archive.org/web/20060519074046/http://haber.net.kk.tc/] :European-Cyprus Net. Tribus linguis. [https://web.archive.org/web/20150216033818/http://www.european-cyprus.net/] Inter [[septimanale|septimanalia]] excellunt: :Cyprus Post [https://web.archive.org/web/20080512152306/http://www.cypruspost.net/] :Cyprus Today – Septimanale [[Anglice]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20160303170902/http://www.cyprustoday.net/] :Londra Toplum Postası [http://www.toplumpostasi.net] :Londra Gazete, London Turkish Gazette [http://www.londragazete.com] :Londra Olay Gazetesi [http://www.olaygazete.co.uk] :Ortam [http://www.ortamgazetesi.com] :Yeni Çağ [https://web.archive.org/web/20060822204252/http://www.yenikibris.org/haber/index.htm] Situs interretiales de nuntiis oeconomicis sunt: :Kıbrıs Vizyon. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060827075535/http://www.kibrisvizyon.com/] :Makro Ekonomi. Programma [[televisio|televisificum]] oeconomicum. [https://web.archive.org/web/20160603094247/http://www.makro.kibris.net/] Inter [[agentura nuntiorum|agenturae nuntiorum]] eminent: :TAK. Agentura nuntiorum semiofficialis Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis [https://web.archive.org/web/20060908020617/http://www.emu.edu.tr/~tak/] :INAF News Agency [https://web.archive.org/web/20100418205239/http://www.inaf.gen.tr/] :Arca Haber Ajansi [http://www.arcaajans.com] De [[disportus|disportiva informatione]] excellunt: :CypSPORTS: World off Sports in North Cyprus [http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/people/sports/index.html] :Football Results from North Cyprus [http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/people/sports/football/ktff.htm] :Scuba Diving en Chipre del Norte [http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/people/sports/scuba/index.html] :Golfing in North Cyprus [http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/people/sports/golf/index.html] De [[status caeli]] informatione eminent: :Weather in Cyprus [http://www.cypnet.co.uk/ncyprus/main/weather/index.html] Inter [[Periodicum|periodica]] mentrua sunt: :Kyrenia Post. [[Anglice]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080517043741/http://www.kyreniapostcy.com/kpost_magazine.htm] :North Cyprus Monthly. [[Periodicum]] Ministerii Rerum Externarum Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060825032050/http://bornova.ege.edu.tr/~ncyprus/mfa/] :Pan. Periodicum. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100412014310/http://www.north-cyprus.net/basin/dergiler/pan/index.html] :Kıbrıs Vizyon. Nuntii oeconomiae. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060827075535/http://www.kibrisvizyon.com/] Inter periodica specializata sunt: :Hekimce Online. Periodicum [[medicina|medica]]. [http://ebim.net/hekimce/]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} :Mimarca. Publicatio Camerae [[Architectura|Architectorum]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060221032559/http://www.mimarlarodasi.org/mimarca/genel.htm] :Turcoman International [https://web.archive.org/web/20000919004851/http://www.turcoman.btinternet.co.uk/index.htm] Inter stationes [[televisio|televisificas]] excellunt: ::BRT - Bayrak Radio & Television Corp. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051230124241/http://www.brt.gov.nc.tr/] ::Akdeniz TV [https://web.archive.org/web/20130413032217/http://www.akdeniztv.com.tr/] ::DAU TV [mms://194.27.76.140/dautv]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} ::Kıbrıs Genç TV [http://www.kibrisgenctv.com] Inter stationes [[radiophonia|radiophonicas]] sunt: [[Fasciculus:Londra Turk Radyosu Logo.JPG|thumb|London Turkish Radio 1584 AM]] ::Radio Eastern Mediterranean [http://www.emu.edu.tr/~Radyodau] ::Dance FM [http://www.dancefm.com.tr] ::Kuzey FM [http://www.kuzeyfm.radyosu.com] ::Radyo Güven [https://web.archive.org/web/20071210163938/http://www.radyoguven.com/] ::Radyo Vatan – Organizatio Defensionis Civilis [https://web.archive.org/web/20101108181420/http://www.sivilsavunmakktc.com/radyovatan.htm] ::Plus 106 Estatio radiophonica [https://web.archive.org/web/20110321082224/http://www.plus106.com/] ::LTR – London Turkish Radio [http://www.londonturkishradio.com] Denique inter stationes televisificas et radiophonicas sunt: ::Makro Ekonomi [https://web.archive.org/web/20160603094247/http://www.makro.kibris.net/] ::TV Gazetesi [http://www.tvgazetesi.com] ===Vectura=== [[Fasciculus:KTHY Boeing 737-800 KvW.jpg|thumb|left|[[Societas Aëronautica Cypro-Turcica|Societatis Aëronauticae Cypro-Turcicae]] [[aëroplanum]] [[Boeing 737-800]] e [[Aeroportus Heathrow Londinii|Aëroportu Heathrow]] [[Londinium|Londinensi]], in [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] ascendit anno [[2009]].]] Internationalia [[telephonum|telephonemata]] per [[Turcia|Turcicum]] [[praefixum telephonicum]] (+90 392) mittuntur, quia Cyprus Septmetrionalis nec proprium praefixum [[natio]]nale nec [[praefixum radiophonicum]] habet. Simili modo, Cyprus Septemtrionalis [[dominium gradus supremi geographicum]] [[interrete|interretiale]] proprium non habet et est penes Turcicum dominium secundi gradus [[.nc.tr.]]. [[Cursus publicus]] per [[Zephyrium]] 10, TURCIAM inscribi debet, quia [[Unio Postalis Universalis]] Cyprum Septemtrionalem separatam entitatem non agnoscit. [[Radioamator]]um operatores aliquando [[indicativus colloquii|indicativis]] "1B" incipientibus utuntur, sed nec indemnationes nec alia credita operatoria habent. Directi [[volatus]] versus Cyprum Septemtrionalem et commeatus [[commercium|commercialis]] per Boreocyprios [[portus]] propter Boreocypriorum portuum retentionem restringitur. [[Leuconoecum|Leuconoeci]] ([[Turcice]] ''Geçitkale'' sive ''Lefkonuk'') et [[Aëroportus Internationalis Ercan|Ercan]] ([[Turcice]] ''Ercan'') [[aëroportus]] solum a [[Turcia]] et ab [[Atropatene (res publica)|Atropatena]] legales ingressus portus agnoscuntur. Directi [[aëronavis conducticia|volatus conducticii]] inter [[Polonia]]m et Cyprum Septemtrionalem die [[20 Iunii]] [[2011]] coepere. [[Arsinoë (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Arsinoës]] et [[Cerynia]]e [[portus]] omnibus navibus clausi a [[Cyprus|Republica Cypri]] ex anno [[1974]] declarati sunt. Secundum consensionem inter Cyprum Septemtrionalem et [[Syria]]m, [[navis|navalis]] circuitus inter [[Arsinoë (Cyprus Septemtrionalis)|Arsinoën]] et [[Laodicea]]m, in [[Syria]], est. E [[Linea viridis (Cyprus)|Lineae Viridis]] apertura, Turco-Cyprii residentes per Graco-Cyprios portus negotiari sinuntur. ===Educatio=== [[Fasciculus:Millennium Building.jpg|thumb|right|[[Universitas Americana Ceryniae]] in Cypro Septemtrionali.]] Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionis systema [[educatio|educativum]] divisum est in partes quinque, quae sunt: * [[Educatio praescholaris]] per [[paedotropheum]] pueris inter 4 et 6 annos natis datur. * [[Educatio Primaria]] duabus phasibus praebetur. [[Ludus primarius]] pueris inter 7 et 12 annos natis qui quinquennium durat et obligatoria est. * [[Educatio Secundaria]], iuvenibus inter 16 et 18 annos natis structurata, trium annorum programma habet. Datur a scholis [[lyceum|lyceis]] et collegiis vocationalibus nuncupatis. Scholae technicae et vocationales a lyceis commercialibus, educatione technica, schola vocationale agriculturali, schola [[nosocomus|nosocomorum]] et schola [[periegesis|periegeseōs]] ac [[gastronomia]]e comprehenduntur. * [[Educatio Suprema|Educationem Supremam]] praebent haec instituta: :[[Universitas Internationalis Cypri]]. [http://www.ciu.edu.tr] :[[Universitas Orientis Mediterranei]]. [http://www.emu.edu.tr] :[[Universitas Europaea Leucae]] [http://www.lefke.edu.tr] :[[Universitas Americana Ceryniae]] [http://www.gau.edu.tr] :[[Universitas Orientis Proximi]] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110826081757/http://www.neu.edu.tr/] :[[Academia Instructionis Professorum Nicosiae Ataturcus]] :Universitas Technica Orientis Medii. Campus Cypri Septemtrionalis. [http://ncc.metu.edu.tr] * Educatio informalis responsalis eorum non aptorum educationi formali. ===Salus=== Sunt quinque [[Valetudinarium|valetudinaria]] praecipua: [[Valetudinarium Doctoris Burhan Nalbantoğlu]], maximum [[nosocomium]] in Cypro Septemtrionali fere cum 400 lectis; [[Valetudinarium Arsinoës]]; [[Valetudinarium Sysclēpou]]; [[Valetudinarium Cengiz Topel]]; [[Valetudinarium Barış Ruh et Sinir Hastalıkları]] (psychiatricum et geriatricum). Sunt quoque, secundum Ministerium Salutis Turco-Cyprium, centra [[medicina|medica]] in [[morbus|morbis]] chronicis, in morbis [[Haematologia|haematologicis]], in [[oncologia]], in morbis [[Endocrinologia|endocrinis]] et in morbis [[Diabetes mellitus|diabeticis]] specializata. ==Cultura== ===Cinematographia=== [[Anahtar (pellicula)|Anahtar]], scilicet "[[clavis]]", anno [[2011]] emissa, prima [[pellicula diutina]] omnino in Cypro Septemtrionali producta fuit. Aliquae aliae coproductiones etiam factae sunt. Cypri Septemtrionalis, [[Turcia]]e, [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] et [[Nederlandia]]e Coproductio, [[Kod Adı: Venüs]], scilicet "Nomen Codicis: Venus", in [[Festum Canuae|Festo Canuae]] anni [[2012]] monstrata est. [[Moderator cinematographicus|Moderator]] et [[scaenariographus]] [[Dervisus Zaim]] internationalem famam cum sua anni [[2003]] pellicula [[Çamur]], scilicet "limus", assecutum est, quae [[UNESCO]] praemium in [[Mostra Internazionale d'Arte Cinematografica|Festum Cinematographicum Venetiarum]] adepta est. [[Pellicula documentaria]] [[Kayıp Otobüs]], scilicet "[[laophorium]] amissum", a Turco-Cyprio [[diurnarius|diurnario]] [[Fauzius Tașpınar|Fauzio Tașpınar]] directa, in statione [[televisio|televisifica]] [[Türkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu|TRT]] quoque et in [[Festum Cinematographicum Bostoniae|Festo Cinematographico]] [[Bostonia]]e anni [[2011]] emissa est. Pellicula undecim Turco-Cypriorum operariorum fabula narrat qui domos laophorio anno [[1964]] reliquere et qui nunquam rediverunt. Quorum reliquiae in [[puteus|puteo]] in [[Cyprus|Cypro]] Octobri mense [[2006]] inventa sunt. [[Fasciculus:Turkish Cypriot folk dancers.jpg|thumb|500px|Turco-Cyprii pueri, [[traditio]]nalibus [[vestimenta|vestimentis]] induti, [[saltatio]]nis popularis spectaculo parati.]] ===Litterae=== [[Poësis]] editissima [[litterae|litterarum]] forma in Cypro Septemtrionali est. Turco-Cypria poësis et in [[Turcia|Turcicarum]] litterarum effectibus et in insulae [[Cyprus|Cypri]] [[cultura]] fundatur. [[Mahometus Yaşın]], [[Haccius Yücel]], [[Nice Denizoğlu]], [[Nese Yaşın]], [[Aysen Dağlı]] et [[Canan Sümer]] inter celeberrimos Turco-Cyprios [[poëta]]s sunt. Inter recentiores poëtas sunt [[Nazifus Süleyman Ebeoğlu]], [[Urkiye Mine Balman]], [[Engin Gönül]], [[Necla Salih Suphi]] et [[Pembe Marmara]]. ===Musica=== [[Rüya Tuner]] [[Musica classica|classica]] Turco-Cypria [[clavile|clavicymbalista]] est. Quae spectacula musica [[clavile|clavilis]] dedit et etiam [[monodiarius|monodiaria]] nonnullos concentus [[orchestra|orchestrales symphoniacos]] participavit. ===Gastronomia=== Cyprus Septemtrionalis bene notus est propter nonnulla fercula inter quae [[cebabum|cebaba]] ([[Turcice]] ''kebap''). Alia fercula in [[caro|carne]] [[panis|pitā]] involutā fundantur. [[Vegetarianismus|Vegetariani]] [[holus|holerum]] repleta fercula invenire possunt. Aliud ferculum est [[louvia me lahana]] in holeribus folii [[Vigna unguiculata|vignis unguiculatis]] coctis consistens. ===Theatrum=== [[Theatrum]] in Cypro Septemtrionali praecipue a [[Theatrum Civitatis Turco-Cypriae|Theatro Civitatis Turco-Cypriae]], a theatris [[municipium|municipalibus]] et a privatarum theatralium societatum numero perficitur. [[Festum Theatri Cypri]], a [[Municipium Turcicum Nicosiae|Municipio Turcico Nicosiae]] ([[Turcice]] ''Lefkoşa Türk Belediyesi'') temperatum, est magna [[organizatio]] cum [[Turcia|Turcicis]] institutis participantibus. Non sunt atria in Cypro Septemtrionali specialiter theatris constructa, sic spectacula in [[senaculum|senaculis]] fiunt. ===Artes athleticae=== Agnitione internationali carente, Cyprus Septemtrionalis nullius praecipuae societatis [[athletica]]e internationalis (velut [[Consilium Olympicum internationale|COI]], [[FIFA]] etc.) socius est. Ex [[2008]], sunt 29 foederationes disportivae in Cypro Septemtrionali cum 13&thinsp;838 adscripticiorum{{dubsig}} membrorum. Cum 6054 artificum inter alios, [[taequondo]], [[karate|caratĭca]], [[aikido]] ac [[curasum|curāsum]] sunt res populo gratissimae, quibus sequuntur [[pediludium]] cum 2240 adscripticiorum membrorum, [[sclopetatio]] cum 1150 adscripticiorum membrorum, et [[venatio]] cum 1017 adscripticiorum. [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Cypri Septemtrionalis]] in praesenti loco 109º secundum [[Elo rating|systema interpunctuonis Elo]] collocatur. Aliquae Boreocypriae societates disportivae ligas athleticas [[Turcia|Turcicas]] participant.{{dubsig}} Verbi gratia, [[Societas Disportiva Repugnatio]] intra [[Liga Regionalis Canistrilusoria Masculina Turcica|Ligam Regionalem Canistrilusoriam Masculinam]] [[Turcia|Turcicam]]; [[Societas Athletica Latmus]] intra [[Liga Praecipua Manufollii Turcica|Ligam Praecipuam Manufollii Turcicam]]; et [[Universitas Europea Leucae (teniludium mensale)|Universitas Europea Leucae]] intra [[Superliga Teniludii Mensalis Turcica|Superligam Teniludii Mensalis Turcicam]]. ===Feriae et dies festi=== {| class=wikitable |+ '''Feriae et dies festi''' ! Dies !! Nomen Latinum !! Nomen [[lingua Turcica|Turcicum]] |- | [[1 Ianuarii]] | [[Annus Novus]] || ''Yılbaşı'' |----- | [[23 Aprilis]] | [[Dies Puerorum]] || ''Ulusal Egemenlik ve Çocuk Bayramı'' |----- | [[1 Maii]] | [[Dies Laboris]] || ''İşçi Bayramı (ABD)'' |----- | [[19 Maii]] | [[Commemoratio Ataturci, Iuventutis et Dies Disportus]] || ''Atatürk'ü Anma, Gençlik ve Spor Bayramı'' |----- | [[20 Iulii]] | [[Dies Pacis et Libertatis]] || |----- | [[1 Augusti]] | [[Dies Resistentiae]] || |----- | [[30 Augusti]] | [[Dies Victoriae]] || ''Zafer Bayramı'' |----- | [[29 Octobris]] | [[Dies Reipublicae (Turcia)|Dies Reipublicae]] || ''Cumhuriyet Bayramı'' |----- | [[15 Novembris]] | [[Dies Independentiae]] || ''Bağımsızlık günü'' |} == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== ''Situs publici'' * [http://www.kktcb.org Situs Praesidiatus Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis] * [http://www.kktcbasbakanlik.org/ Situs gubernativus Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis] * [http://www.trncinfo.com/ Situs Ministerii Rerum Externarum Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis] * [http://www.cm.gov.nc.tr/ Situs Parlamenti Reipublicae Turcicae Cypri Septemtrionalis] ''Situs informationis'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120328062304/http://www.zypern.cc/extras/annan-plan-for-cyprus-2004.pdf Zypern Times: Destinatum Annanianum 2004] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114221/http://www.kktcenf.org/ Situs informationis Turco-Cypriae] {{Europa}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Cypri septentrionalis res publica}} [[Categoria:Cyprus]] [[Categoria:Territoria obnoxia Europae]] [[Categoria:Civitates non rite agnitae]] {{Myrias|Geographia}} i015qtygx5jeqgfxiyo0rluqs7w0s1z 0 214528 3960372 3871082 2026-05-18T03:19:31Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960372 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Docufictio''' (cum [[docudrama]]te non confundenda) est [[cinematographia|cinematographica]] [[pellicula documentaria|pelliculae documentariae]] et [[fictio]]nis coniunctio,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190117145725/http://girishshambu.blogspot.com/2006/12/six-types-of-documentary.html Realitas et documentarium,] in Girish Shambu, "Six Types Of Documentary," (blog).</ref> [[genus pellicularum]]<ref>Daniel Chandler, [http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/intgenre/intgenre7.html "An Introduction to Genre Theory,"] Aberystwyth University.</ref> quod [[realitas|realitatem]] ut vere est ([[cinema directum]] vel [[cinéma vérité]]) capere conatur et simul elementa irrealia vel condiciones [[fictio]]nales in [[narratio]]nem introducit ut repraesentatione realitatis per certam [[expressio artificiosa|expressionem artificiosam]] confirmet. Docufictio disertius est documentarium elementis [[fictio|fictis]] contaminatum,<ref>Laura Marchesi, [http://www.tesionline.it/default/tesi.asp?idt=18073 Il difficile rapporto tra fiction e non fiction che si concretizza nella docu-fiction,] thesis, Facultas Scientiarum Communicationis (Università degli Studi di Pavia), apud [http://www.tesionline.it/default/index.asp Tesionline], 2005/06.</ref> per [[tempus reale (media)|tempus reale]] captum,<ref>Tay Huizhen [http://jeunescoeurs.files.wordpress.com/2012/06/honours_thesis.pdf Docufiction in the Digital Age,] thesis, [http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=85576813&authType=name&authToken=tePS&locale=en_US&goback=%2Enpv_85576813_*1_*1_name_tePS_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1_*1], National University of Singapore.</ref> cum eventus fiant, et in quo aliquis—[[persona]] argumenti pelliculae—[[persona]]m suam in [[vita]] [[realitas|reali]] agit. [[Neologismus]] ''docufictio,''<ref>Theo Mäusli, [https://web.archive.org/web/20110911104733/http://www.bul.unisi.ch/cerca/bul/memorie/com/pdf/9900Candeloro.pdf Pars II, pp 37–75 (capitula quattuor)].</ref> qui [[saeculum 21|saeculo vicensimo uno]] ineunte apparuit, nunc in nonnullis [[lingua|linguis]] adhibetur et late pro classificatione ab internationalibus feriis pellicularibus accipitur.<ref>Indie Matra Bhumi, [http://cine-file.info/ccf/india.html The Motherland], Cannes Film Festival.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120119000831/http://en.daringtodo.com/?p=4178 Docufictio Ablel Ferrara,] Venice Film Festival.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110913091103/http://www.redchannels.org/screenings/2010/quiet_one.html The Savage Eye: White Docu-Fiction & Black Reality,] in [http://www.tribecafilm.com/ Tribeca Film Festival].</ref><ref>[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2007/09/11/brian-de-palmas-on-his-ir_n_63981.html Brian De Palma's On His Iraq Docu-Fiction Comeback,] in [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ The Huffington Post,] in Toronto Film Festival et Venice Film Festival.</ref><ref>''Diamond 33,'' pellicula Darii Mehrjui, in Venice Film Festival.</ref><ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2011/jan/01/this-weeks-new-film-events New Film Events,] in London Short Film Festival.</ref><ref>[http://www.ioncinema.com/news/id/5095/oscilloscope-howl-for-off-beat-docu-fiction-sundance-selection Oscilloscope 'Howl' for Off Beat Docu-Fiction Sundance Selection,] in [http://www.ioncinema.com/ Ion Cinema.]</ref><ref>[http://www.vivacinema.it/s/docu-fiction/ Docufiction,] www.vivacinema.it.</ref> Docufictio, vel in [[cinemateum|cinemateo]] vel [[televisio]]ne visa, est [[genus pellicularum]] primo [[decennium|decennio]] [[saeculum 21|saeculi vicensimi primi]] plene evolutum. [[Vocabulum|Verbum]] ''docufictio'' aliquando ad [[litterae|litterarias]] [[diurnariorum ars|diurnariorum artes]] spectare ([[nonfictio creativa]]) usurpatur.<ref>[http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/video/tate-triennial-2009-altermodern-docufiction Tate Triennial 2009: Altermodern - 'Docufiction'].</ref> ==Origines== Vocabulum modus pellicularum ab auctoribus [[Robertus J. Flaherty|Roberto J. Flaherty]], uno ex patribus documentariorum,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110510152208/http://xroads.virginia.edu/~MA01/Huffman/Frontier/define.html Definition of documentary – New Frontiers in American documentary,] American Studies at The University of Virginia.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120319052930/http://www.transartinstitute.org/Example_Papers.html The Impulse of Documentary-Fiction,] [https://web.archive.org/web/20110831101542/http://transartinstitute.org/About.html Transart Institute].</ref> et [[Ioannes Rouch|Ioanne Rouch]] [[saeculum 20|saeculo vicensimo]] recentiore factarum. In [[anthropologia oculorum]], innovans Ioannis Rouch persona<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140304022942/http://rouge.com.au/3/rouch_valediction.html Jean Rouch 1917-2004, A Valediction,] commentarius Michaelis Eaton in [http://www.rouge.com.au/ ''Rouge.'']</ref> sinit ut is pater subgeneris [[ethnofictio]]nis appelletur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190430033332/http://www.maitres-fous.net/glossary.html Glossary] at maitres_fous.netT.</ref><ref>Brian Quist, ''Jean Rouch and the Genesis of Ethnofiction,'' thesis, Long Island University.</ref> Hoc [[vocabulum]] significat 'pellicula documentaria [[ethnographia|ethnographica]] [[indigena]]rum qui partes [[fictio]]nales agunt'. Facere ut ei partes de se ipsis agant [[realitas|realitatem]] depingere adiuvabit,<ref>Johannes Sjöberg, "Ethnofiction: drama as a creative research practice in ethnographic film," ''Journal of Media Practice'' 9(3), eScholarID:1b5648.</ref> quod per [[imagines ante oculos propositae|imagines ante oculos propositas]]<!--imagery--> confirmabitur. [[Documentarium]] non ethnographicum elementa ficta habens eadem ratione utitur, et ob easdem causas docufictio appellari potest. ==Primae docufictiones per civitatem digestae== *1926: ''[[Moana (1926 (pellicula)|Moana]],'' [[Robertus J. Flaherty]], [[Civitates Foederatae]] *1930: ''[[Maria do Mar]],''<ref>Vide [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0021125/ Maria do Mar] in IMdb.</ref> [[Leitão de Barros]], [[Portugallia]] *1932: ''[[L'or des mers]],''<ref>Vide [http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0203759/ L'Or des mers in IMdb].</ref> [[Ioannes Epstein]], [[Francia]] *1948: ''[[La Terra Trema]],'' [[Luchinus Visconti (moderator cinematographicus)|Luchinus Visconti]], [[Italia]] *1963: ''[[Pour la suite du monde]]'' vel [[Anglice]] ''Of Whales, the Moon and Men'' ('De cetis, luna, et hominibus'), [[Petrus Perrault]] et [[Michael Brault]], [[Canada]] *1981: ''[[:fr:Transes (film)|Transes]],'' [[Ahmed El Maânouni]], [[Marocum]] *1988: ''[[Mortu Nega]]'' ('Mors negata'), [[Flora Gomes]], [[Guinea Bissaviensis]] *1990: ''[[Close-up (pellicula)]],'' [[Abbas Kiarostami]], [[Irania]] *1991: ''[[Zombie and the Ghost Train]],'' [[Michael Kaurismäki]], [[Finnia]]<ref>Vide recognitionem in ''New York Times'' (1991): [http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?res=9D0CE6D6113CF937A35753C1A967958260 "Zombie and the Ghost Train: Review/Film Festival; How a Zombie Became One With Alcohol and Self-Pity."]</ref> *2002: ''[[City of God (pellicula 2002)|City of God]]'' ('Civitas dei'), [[Ferdinandus Meirelles]] et [[Kátia Lund]], [[Brasilia]] *2005: ''[[Underexposure (pellicula 2005)|Underexposure]],'' [[Oday Rasheed]], [[Iraquia]] {{NexInt}} *[[Docudrama]] *[[Ethnofictio]]<!-- *[[Index pellicularum docufictionis]] *[[Mockumentarium]]--> *[[Pseudodocumentarium]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Coşkun, Çiçek. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110906050344/http://www.sadibey.com/dosyalar/Gerekli_Seyler/Documentary_Genres.doc Docudrama: the real (his)tory,] thesis, New York University School of Education. *Derrick, Clifford. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131203094008/http://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10539/12592/The%20Zulu%20Mask%20%20The%20Role%20of%20Creative%20Imagination%20in%20Docum%20(1).pdf?sequence=2 The Zulu Mask: The Role of Creative Imagination in Documentary Film,] wiredspace.wits.ac.za.<!--thesis, Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg--> *Docufictions: Essays on the Intersection of Documentary and Fictional Filmmaking. [http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip0512/2005012767.html Tabula cuius in libro continetur.] *Garçon, François. [http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=17227666 Le documentaire historique au péril du « docufiction,] thesis *Lipkin, Steven N., ed. [[2002]]. ''Real Emotional Logic: Film and Television Docudrama as Persuasive Practice.'' Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press. ISBN 9780809324095. *Marchesi, Laura. [http://www.tesionline.it/default/tesi.asp?idt=18073 Un genere cinematografico: la docu-fiction. Il caso di 150 ore a Pavia,] thesis. *Mäusli, Theo. [[1999]]-[[2000]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110911104733/http://www.bul.unisi.ch/cerca/bul/memorie/com/pdf/9900Candeloro.pdf Docu-fiction - Convergence and Contamination between Documentary Representation and Fictional Simulation.] Thesis, Science of Communication Faculty, University of Lugano. *Paget, Derek. [[1998]]. ''No Other Way to Tell It: Dramadoc/Docudrama on Television.'' Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719045332. *Rosenthal, Alan. [[1999]]. ''Why Docudrama? Fact-Fiction on Film and TV.'' Carbondale & Edwardsville" Southern Illinois Press. ISBN 9780809321865. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www2.cnrs.fr/presse/journal/3983.htm 3 questions à…Isabelle Veyrat-Masson,] conloquium (''Le Journal du CNRS'') *[http://www.critikat.com/Peter-Watkins.html "Peter Watkins, un cinéaste maudit,"] commentarius (''Critikat'') *Chapman, Jane, [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HzcPuN6XCQIC&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=related:eOSIteYDsbAJ:scholar.google.com/&ots=wJDSKDVH88&sig=LFO3XxnCoFicgOfbL5VPimlapEA#v=onepage&q&f=false "Issues in Contemporary Documentary,"] books.google.com (pp. 1 ad 34) *Drizin, Julie. [https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235018/http://airmediaworks.org/blog/docufiction-where-art-and-life-merge-and-diverge "Docufiction: Where Art and Life Merge and Diverge,"] airmediaworks.org *Hartwig, Gunthar, [https://web.archive.org/web/20130721084417/http://www.gunthar.com/gatech/digital_documentary/Database_Documentary.pdf "New Media Documentary,] www.gunthar.com *Merewether, Janet, [http://scan.net.au/scan/journal/display.php?journal_id=144 "Shaping the Real: Directorial Imagination and the Visualisation of Rvidence in the Hybrid Documentary,"] scan.net.au/scan/journal (''Scan,'' periodicum) *[http://www.voxmagazine.com/blog/2011/03/panel-review-%e2%80%9cat-the-edge-of-truth-hybrid-documentaries%e2%80%9d Conloquium: "At The Edge of Truth: Hybrid Documentaries,"] www.voxmagazine.com (''Vox Talk,'' periodicum) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20140101131955/http://cinepsychos.com/ "Hybrid Documentary – A Potential Upcoming AV Genre,"] commentarius, cinepsychos.com, 30 Martii 2013 {{cine-stipula}} <!--[[Categoria:Artes pellicularum]] =film techniques--> [[Categoria:Cinematographia]] [[Categoria:Fictio| ]] [[Categoria:Genera theatri]] [[Categoria:Genera litterarum]]<!--recte ex en: [[Categoria:Fictio genere digesta]]--> [[Categoria:Neologismi]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae docufictionis]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae secundum genus digestae]]<!-- + [[Category:Documentary film genres]] [[Category:Fiction forms]]--> oz0zc0lr9my6pzoczgid246td2u9noq 0 216514 3960371 3801931 2026-05-18T03:18:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960371 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Moana tatoo.jpg|thumb|''[[Moana (pellicula 1926)|Moana]]'', exemplum [[docufictio]]nis anni 1926.]] '''Docudrama''' (verbum Anglicum) vel '''ludus documentarius''' est [[genus]] programmaturae [[programmatura radiophonica|radiophonicae]] et [[programmatura televisifica|televisificae]], [[pellicula pressa|pelliculae pressae]]<!--?emphasized film = feature film-->, et [[theatrum]] scaenicum, quod [[drama (fictio)|dramatizatas]] eventuum [[historia|historicorum]] [[recreatio historica|recreationes]] vehementius dicit. In [[scaena]], '''theatrum documentarium''' aliquando appellatur. Docudrama in nuclearibus eius [[argumentum|argumenti]] elementis res gestas historicas notas adhibere conatur, gradui maiori vel minori [[licentia artistica|licentiae dramaticae]] in singulis fortuitis concedens, et ubi lacunae in tabulis [[historia|historicis]] inveniuntur. [[Dialogus]] vera [[homo|hominum]] [[realitas|verorum]] verba comprehendere potest, ut in [[documentum historicum|documentis historicis]] scripta sunt. Homines qui docudramata producunt aliquando pellculas eventuum renovatorum facere conantur in locis veris ubi res gestae factae sunt. Docudrama, in quo fidelitas historica maximi momenti est, plerumque distinguitur a pellicula tantum [[Index pellicularum in eventibus veris conditarum|in eventibus veris condita]], locutione quae maiorum licentiae dramaticae gradum significat; et ex notione [[Index pellicularum dramatis historici|dramatis historici]], categoriae latiore, quae [[actio]]nem plerumque [[fictio]]nalizatam in rebus historicis vel prae abscedentiis eventuum historicorum accidentem etiam comprehendere potest. [[Vocabulum]] ''docudrama'' [[neologismus]] aliquando cum [[docufictio]]ne confunditur; dissimilis autem docufictionis, quae re vera est [[documentarium]] [[tempus reale|tempore reali]] factum, nonnulla elementa fictionalis adiciens, docudrama tempore post eventus quos depingit fit. ==Proprietates== Docudramata nonnullas vel plurimas ex proprietatibus sequentibus monstrare solent. *Repraesentatio eventuum historicorum realium *In unum locum contractio rerum eventus, ut sciuntur *Usus artium litterariarum et [[narratio|narrativarum]] ad amplificandas res historicas et narrandam [[fabula]]m *Licentia ad res historicas spectans saepe habetur, dramatis amplificati causa<!-- ==Docudramata== Evolutio historica.--> ===Radiophonica=== *''[[The March of Time]]'' (1931–1945) ===Pelliculae=== *''[[The March of Time]]'' (1935–1951) *''[[A Night to Remember (pellicula 1958)|A Night to Remember]]'' (1958) *''[[The Gallant Hours]]'' (1960) *''[[Culloden (pellicula)|Culloden]]'' (1964) *''[[Cathy Come Home]] ([[drama documentarium]])'' (1966) *''[[Tora! Tora! Tora!]]'' (1970) *''[[The Missiles of October]]'' (1974) *''[[All the President's Men]]'' (1976) *''[[Pumping Iron]]'' (1977) *''[[King (miniseries televisifica)]]'' (1978) <ref>[http://www.suncoast.com/King--2-Discs—Docudrama_stcVVproductId2964044VVcatId456591VVviewprod.htm KING, 1978 film]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> *''[[Threads]]'' (1984) *''[[Canada's Sweetheart: The Saga of Hal C. Banks]]'' (1985) *''[[Seacoal (pellicula)|Seacoal]]'' (1985) *''[[Life Story (pellicula televisifica)|Life Story]]'' (1987) *''[[Dien Bien Phu (pellicula)|Dien Bien Phu]]'' (1992) *''[[Ed Wood (pellicula)|Ed Wood]]'' (1994) *''[[Nixon (pellicula)|Nixon]]'' (1995) *''[[Hillsborough disaster|Hillsborough]]'' (1996) *''[[Pirates of Silicon Valley]]'' (1999) *''[[The Insider (pellicula)|The Insider]]'' (1999) *''[[Thirteen Days (pellicula)|Thirteen Days]]'' (2000) *''[[The Pianist (pellicula 2002)|The Pianist]]'' (2002) *''[[Bloody Sunday (drama televisificum)|Bloody Sunday]]'' (2002) *''[[The Laramie Project (pellicula)|The Laramie Project]]'' (2002) *''[[The Story of the Weeping Camel]]'' (2003) *''[[Touching the Void (pellicula)|Touching the Void]]'' (2003) *''[[The Last Dragon (docudrama)|The Last Dragon]]'' (2004) *''[[Cinderella Man]]'' (2005) *''[[End Day]]'' (2005) *''[[Good Night, and Good Luck]]'' (2005) *''[[Supervolcano (docudrama)|Supervolcano]] ([[drama documentarium]])'' (2005) *''[[Bobby (2006 film)|Bobby]]'' (2006) *''[[Hollywoodland]]'' (2006) <ref>The Greatest Superman Ever: George Reeves imdb.com/name/nm0001660/</ref> *''[[Krakatoa: The Last Days]]'' (2006) *''[[The 9/11 Commission Report (pellicula)|The 9/11 Commission Report]]'' (2006) *''[[United 93 (pellicula)]]'' (2006) *''[[Rescue Dawn]]'' (2007) *''[[Breach (pellicula)|Breach]]'' (2007) *''[[Charlie Wilson's War]]'' (2007) *''[[A Mighty Heart]]'' (2007) *''[[Zodiac (pellicula 2007)|Zodiac]]'' (2007) *''[[Che (pellicula)|Che]]'' (2008) *''[[The Beckoning Silence]]'' (2008) *''[[John Adams (miniseries televisifica)]]'' (2008) *''[[The Lena Baker Story]]'' (2008) *''[[The Informant!]]'' (2009) *''[[Public Enemies (pellicula 2009)|Public Enemies]]'' (2009) *''[[The Fighter (pellicula 2010)|The Fighter]]'' (2010) *''[[127 Hours]]'' (2010) *''[[Fair Game (pellicula 2010)|Fair Game]]'' (2010) *''[[No Place on Earth]]'' (2012) *''[[The Attacks of 26/11]]'' (2013) *''[[Captain Phillips (pellicula)]]'' (2013) *''[[Enemy of the Reich: The Noor Inayat Khan Story]]'' (2014) ===Televisio=== *''[[Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire]]'' (2006) *''[[Heroes and Villains (series televisifica)|Heroes and Villains]]'' (2007-2008) *''[[Egypt (series televisifica)|Egypt]]'' (2005) *''[[House of Saddam]]'' (2008) *''[[Space Race (series televisifica)|Space Race]]'' (2005) *''[[Nuclear Secrets]]'' (2007) *''[[Moonshiners (series televisifica)|Moonshiners]]'' (2011–14) *''[[Culloden (pellicula)|Culloden]]'' (1964) *''[[The War Game]]'' (1965) *''[[Death of a Princess]]'' (1980) *''[[The Road to Guantanamo]]'' (2006) *''[[Micro Men]]'' (2009) *''[[The Men Who Built America]]'' (2012) *''[[An Adventure in Space and Time]]'' (2013) *''[[Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey]]'' (2014) {{NexInt}} *[[Docufictio]] *[[Dramalitas]] *[[Ethnofictio]] *[[Mockumentarium]]<!-- *[[Fly on the wall]] *[[Factual television]] *[[Reality television]] *[[Peter Watkins]], a pioneer of docudrama *[[List of historical drama films]] *[[List of Asian historical drama films]]--> ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Hellmann, John. [[1981]]. ''Fables of Fact: The New Journalism as New Fiction.'' Urbanae: University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0252008472. *Kazin, Alfred. [[1973]]. ''Bright Book of Life: American Hot Dogs and Storytellers from Hemingway to Mailer.'' Bostoniae: Little, Brown. ISBN 0316484180. *Lipkin, Steven N., ed. [[2002]]. ''Real Emotional Logic: Film and Television Docudrama as Persuasive Practice.'' Carbondale: Southern Illinois Press. ISBN 9780809324095. *Lukács, György. [[1962]]. ''The Historical Novel,'' ed. Hannah Mitchell et Stanley Mitchell. Londinii: Merlin Press. *Paget, Derek. [[2011]]. ''No Other Way to Tell It: Dramadoc/Docudrama on Television.'' Ed. 2a. Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719084461. *Rhodes, Gary Donm et John Parris Springer, eds. [[2006]]. ''Docufictions: Essays on the Intersection of Documentary and Fictional Ffilmmaking.'' Londinii: McFarland & Co. ISBN 9780786421848. *Roscoe, Jane, et Craig Hight. [[2001]]. ''Faking It: Mock-Documentary and the Subversion of Factuality.'' Manchester: Manchester University Press. ISBN 9780719056413. *Rosenthal, Alan. [[1995]]. ''Writing Docudrama: Dramatizing Reality for Film and TV.'' Bostoniae: Focal Press. ISBN 0240801954. *Rosenthal, Alan. [[1999]]. ''Why Docudrama?: Fact-Fiction on Film and TV. Carbondale et Edwardsville: Southern Illinois Press. ISBN 9780809321865. *Siegle, Robert. [[1984]]. Capote's Hand-Carved Coffins and the Nonfiction Novel. ''Contemporary Literature'' 25:437–451. doi:10.2307/1208055. *Stavreva, Kirilka. [[2000]]. Fighting Words: Witch-Speak in Late Elizabethan Docu-Fiction. ''Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies'' 30:309–338. doi:10.1215/10829636-30-2-309. *White, Hayden. [[1978]]. ''Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism.'' Baltimorae: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN=0801821274. ==Nexus externi== *[http://www.screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/1103146/index.html British Film Institute paper on British drama-documentary] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20110906050344/http://www.sadibey.com/dosyalar/Gerekli_Seyler/Documentary_Genres.doc Docudrama: the real (his)tory] by Çiçek Coşkun (Middle East Technical University, Department of Sociology): unpublished academic paper *[http://www.bookrags.com/research/docudrama-sjpc-01/ Docudrama] at BookRags [[Categoria:Docudramata|!]] [[Categoria:Genera theatri]] [[Categoria:Genera litterarum]] [[Categoria:Pelliculae]] [[Categoria:Verba Anglica]] <!-- [[Category:Documentary film genres]] [[Category:Television genres]]--> gl2aa464hmmvtxag080dde2z5msjm20 0 218446 3960376 3933605 2026-05-18T03:52:06Z Bartholomite 116968 3960376 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Sch._Alerheim.JPG |thumb|300px|Alerheimum: [[castellum]].]] {{res|Alerheimum}}<ref name="Theatrum 1647">''Theatrum Europaeum'', auctore Matthaeo Merian, 1647.</ref> seu {{res|Alarheimum}}<ref name="Theatrum 1647"/> seu {{res|Alarheimun}}<ref name="Monumenta Boica">''Monumenta Boica''.</ref> seu {{res|Alerhemium}}<ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Alerheim'') est vicus et commune in [[Suebia Bavarica]] situm 1613 incolarum (anno [[2012]]). == Clari cives== * [[Ioannes Gulielmus Klein]], hominum caecorum praeceptor ([[1765]]–[[1848]]) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index Communium Bavariae|Indicem Communium Bavariae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat| Alerheim | Alerheimum }} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://www.alerheim.de Alerheimi pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria: Communia Bavariae]] fe4ahyzanj0k687m7mecxbqhlus6stc 0 228329 3960262 3763976 2026-05-17T19:06:00Z Bartholomite 116968 vicidata 3960262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:SpokaneFromPalisades 20070614.jpg|thumb|350px|Despectus in medium Spocanum.]] {{res|Spocanum}}<ref>C. Egger, "Spokane," ''Lexicon Nominum Locorum'' (Urbs Vaticana: Officina Libraria Vaticana, 1977).</ref> ([[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]] ''Spokane''), anno [[1871]] condita, est [[urbs]] magnitudine secunda<ref>[http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2011/feb/24/2010-census-spokane-still-no-2-spokane-valley/ Spocanum in censu anni 2010,] www.spokesman.com.</ref> in [[Vasingtonia]], [[Civitatum Foederatarum civitas|civitate]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]]. Nomen urbis derivatum est a nomine [[Populus Spokane|nationis]] [[Indi Americani|Indorum Americanorum]] qui illic habitant et in [[lingua Selica]] '[[liberi]] [[sol]]is' significat. Urbs in ripis [[Flumen Spocanense|fluminis eiusdem nominis]] sita est. Agnomen '''Urbs ''Syringae vulgaris''''' (Anglice '[[Syringa|Lilac]] City') est propter multitudinem huius [[flos|floris]] per urbem ab advenis satam. Spocani sita est [[Universitas Gonzagae]]. == Incolae notabiles == Inter illustres qui Spocani nati sunt vel diutius habitabant sunt: * [[Henricus "Bing" Crosby]], [[cantor]] et [[actor]] * [[Thomas Foley]], [[politicus]] Americanus, iurisconsultus * [[Keyboard cat]], [[memum interretiale]] * [[Ryan Lewis]], editor musicae * [[Craig T. Nelson]], [[actor]] * [[Ioannes Stockton]], lusor [[Canistriludium|canistriludii]] * [[Hilaria Swank]], [[actrix]] * [[Carolus Tunberg]], scriptor et scaenographus. {{NexInt}} *[[Columbia (flumen)|Flumen Columbianum]] *[[Planities Columbiana]] *[[Spokane (Populus)]] *[[Expositio '74]] ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Spokane, Washington|Spocanum}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Condita 1871]] [[Categoria:Spocanum|!]] fhfzp2dxn0beb1gry2nwws3hy42rnzg 0 234289 3960442 3175361 2026-05-18T10:40:03Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dioeceses_Catholicae_Italograecae |Nomen_lat = Eparchia Planensis Albanensium |Nomen_ital = Eparchia di Piana degli Albanesi |Ecclesia = Ecclesia Catholica Byzantina |Charta_Bistum = Klisha e Shën Mitrit Dëshmor.jpg |Regio_ecclesiastica = [[Regio ecclesiastica Siciliae|Sicilia]] |Provincia_ecclesiastica = [[Dioecesis Apostolicae Sedi immediate subiecta|Dioecesis Apostolicae Sedi <br>immediate subiecta]] |Charta_Kirchenprovinz = Regione ecclesiastica Sicilia.png |Charta2_Kirchenprovinz = Eparchia di Piana degli Albanesi.png |Nom_eparca = [[Georgius Demetrius Gallaro]] |Auxiliarius = |Nom_emeritus =[[Sotìr Ferrara]] |Nom_vic = |Nom_officialis = |Num_decanatuum = |Num_paroec =15 |Area =420 |Num_incol =30&thinsp;500 |Temp_incol =2016 |Num_cath =29&thinsp;000 |Temp_cath =2016 |Portio =95.1 |Erectio = [[26 Octobris]] [[1937]] |Ritus = [[Ritus Byzantinus|Byzantinus]] |Ecclesia_cathedralis = Planae: <br>S. Demetrii Magni Martyris |Ecclesia_cumcathedralis = [[Panormus|Panormi]]: <br>S. Nicolai Graecorum <br>Martoranae |Patroni = |Inscriptio_curs = Piazza S. Nicola 1, <br>90037 Piana degli Albanesi <br>(Palermo), Italia |Pagina_interret = http://www.eparchiapiana.it/ Pagina interretialis }} '''Eparchia Planensis Albanensium'''<ref name="CathHier">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|pian|Eparchia Planensis Albanensium}}</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Eparchia di Piana degli Albanesi|Eparchia di Piana degli Albanesi]]'') est [[Eparchia|catholica eparchia riti byzantini]] [[Italia]]e [[Sancta Sedes|Sanctae Sedi]] [[Dioecesis Sedi Apostolicae immediate subiecta|immediate subiecta]], in [[Regio ecclesiastica Siciliae|regione ecclesiastica Siciliae]] sita, cuius caput [[Plana Graecorum]] est. ==Eparca== Sedes a Eparca S. B. [[Georgius Demetrius Gallaro|Georgio Demetrio Gallaro]] a die [[31 Martii]] [[2015]] recta est. == Terra == Municipia Eparchiae sunt: # '''[[Plana Graecorum]]''', # ''[[Panormus]]'' (''pars''), # [[Comitissa (Italia)|Comitissa]], # [[Medioiusum]], # [[Palatium Adrianum]], # [[Fanum Sanctae Christinae (Sicilia)|Fanum Sanctae Christinae]]. ==Historia== Eparchia Planensis Albanensium [[26 Octobris]] [[1937]] erecta est, et hodie 14 [[Italia]] et etiam paroecia [[Melitta]] habet.{{dubsig}} ==Ecclesia cathedralis== * Planae: Ecclesia cathedralis S. Demetrii Magni Martyris ===Ecclesia cumcathedralis=== * [[Panormus|Panormi]]: Ecclesia concathedralis S. Nicolai Graecorum Martoranae. {{NexInt}} * [[Sicilia]] (''regio''), * [[Urbs metropolitana Panormitana]], * [[Dioeceses Italianae Ecclesiae Catholicae]], * [[Regio ecclesiastica Siciliae]], * [[Dioecesis Sedi Apostolicae immediate subiecta]], * [[Eparchia]], * [[Plana Graecorum]]. == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Eparchy of Piana degli Albanesi|Eparchiam Planensem Albanensium}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100523210445/http://www.eparchiapiana.it/ Pagina domestica] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Template-Bishop.svg|Insigne Eparcae Fasciculus:Regione ecclesiastica Sicilia.png|Regio ecclesiastica Siciliae </gallery> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{RC-stipula}} [[Categoria:Eparchia Planensis Albanensium|!]] 7ok9um6chxb95padrfb4dgcz0erv51l 0 237033 3960234 3910780 2026-05-17T17:12:42Z ~2026-29572-70 209514 /* */ 3960234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Azerbaijan, administrative divisions 2024 - en - colored.svg|thumb|300x300px|Administrativarum Respublicae Atropatenae partium tabula]] [[Atropatene (res publica)|Respublica Atropatenae]] dividitur in quinquaginta novem pagos ([[lingua Atropatenica|Atropatenice]]: ''rayon''), undecim [[urbs|urbes]] (''şəhər''), et unam [[res publica autonoma|rem publicam autonomam]] (''muxtar respublika''), quae in septem pagos et unam urbem iterum dividitur. In indice inferiori, administrativae res secundum Atropatenicum nomen ordinantur. == Administrativae partes == {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numerus in tabula !Districtus contiguae Respublicae Atropatenae [[Latine]] !Districtus [[lingua Atropatenica|Atropatenice]] !Caput Districtus sive urbs administrativa Latine !Caput Districtus sive urbs administrativa Atropatenice |- | 1 | [[Abseron]] | ''Abşeron'' | [[Chyrdalanum]] | ''Xırdalan'' |- | 2 | [[Agdzabadium (districtus)|Aghdzabadium]] | ''Ağcabədi'' | [[Agdzabadium]] | ''Ağcabədi'' |- | 3 | [[Agdamum (districtus)|Aghdamum]] | ''Ağdam'' | [[Agdamum]] | ''Ağdam'' |- | 4 | [[Agdasum (districtus)|Aghdasum]] | Ağdaş | [[Agdasum]] | Ağdaş |- | 5 | [[Axtafa (districtus)|Axtafa]] | ''Ağstafa'' | [[Axtafa]] | ''Ağstafa'' |- | 6 | [[Axu (districtus)|Axu]] | ''Ağsu'' | [[Axu]] | ''Ağsu'' |- | 7 | | | [[Sirvanum]] | ''Şirvan'' |- | 8 | [[Astara (districtus)|Astara]] | ''Astara'' | [[Astara (Atropatene)|Astara]] | ''Astara'' |- | 9 | | | [[Bacua]] | ''Bakı'' |- | 10 | [[Balacanum (districtus)|Balacanum]] | ''Balakən'' | [[Balacanum]] | ''Balakən'' |- | 11 | [[Perozetopia]] | ''Bərdə'' | [[Perozepolis]] | ''Bərdə'' |- | 12 | [[Beylaganum (districtus)|Beylaganum]] | ''Beyləqan'' | [[Beylaganum]] | ''Beyləqan'' |- | 13 | [[Bilasuvarum (districtus)|Bilasuvarum]] | ''Biləsuvar'' | [[Bilasuvarum]] | ''Biləsuvar'' |- | 14 | [[Dzabrayilum (districtus)|Dzabrayilum]] | ''Cəbrayil'' | [[Dzabrayilum]] | ''Cəbrayil'' |- | 15 | [[Dzalilabadum (districtus)|Dzalilibadum]] | ''Cəlilabad'' | [[Dzalilabadum]] | ''Cəlilabad'' |- | 16 | [[Dascesenum (districtus)|Dascesenum]] | ''Daşkəsən'' | [[Dascesenum]] | ''Daşkəsən'' |- | 17 | [[Camelariotopia]] | ''Dəvəçi'' | [[Camelariopolis]] | ''Dəvəçi'' |- | 18 | [[Fuzulia]] | ''Füzuli'' | [[Alchanlium]] | ''Alxanli'' |- | 19 | [[Gadabayum (districtus)|Gadabayum]] | ''Gədəbəy'' | [[Gadabayum]] | ''Gədəbəy'' |- | 20 | | | [[Thesauropolis]] | ''Gəncə'' |- | 21 | [[Goramboyum (districtus)|Goramboyum]] | ''Goranboy'' | [[Goramboyum]] | ''Goramboyum'' |- | 22 | [[Goysayum (districtus)|Goysayum]] | ''Göyçay'' | [[Goysayum]] |''Göyçay'' |- | 23 | [[Hadzigabulum]] | ''Hacıqabul'' | [[Castrum Machometi]] | ''Qazıməmməd'' |- | 24 | [[Imislium (districtus)|Imislium]] | ''İmişli'' | [[Imislium]] | ''İmişli'' |- | 25 | [[Ismaelia (Atropatene)|Ismaelia]] | ''İsmayıllı'' | [[Ismaelopolis]] | ''İsmayıllı'' |- | 26 | [[Calbadzarum (districtus)|Calbadzarum]] | ''Kəlbəcər'' | [[Calbadzarum]] | ''Kəlbəcər'' |- | 27 | [[Curdamirum (districtus)|Curdamirum]] | ''Kürdəmir'' | [[Curdamirum]] | ''Kürdəmir'' |- | 28 | [[Lasinum (districtus)|Lasinum]] | ''Laçın'' | [[Lasinum (Atropatene)|Lasinum]] | ''Laçın'' |- | 29 | [[Lancaranum (districtus)|Lancaranum]] | ''Lənkəran'' | [[Lancaranum]] | ''Lənkəran'' |- | 30 | | | [[Lancaranum]] | ''Lənkəran'' |- | 31 | [[Lericum (districtus)|Lericum]] | ''Lerik'' | [[Lericum]] | ''Lerik'' |- | 32 | [[Masallium (districtus)|Masallium]] | ''Masallı'' | [[Massallium]] | ''Masallı'' |- | 33 | [[Mingasevirum (districtus)|Mingasevirum]] | ''Mingəçevir'' | [[Mingasevirum]] | ''Mingəçevir'' |- | 34 | | | [[Naphthapolis]] | ''Naftalan'' |- | 35 | [[Naphthataphia]] | ''Neftçala'' | [[Naphthataphopolis]] | ''Neftçala'' |- | 36 | [[Oguzia]] | ''Oğuz'' | [[Oguzopolis]] | ''Oğuz'' |- | 37 | [[Gabala (districtus)|Gabala]] | ''Qəbələ'' | [[Gabala (Atropatene)|Gabala]] | ''Qəbələ'' |- | 38 | [[Gachum (districtus)|Gachum]] | ''Qax'' | [[Gachum]] | ''Qax'' |- | 39 | [[Gazachum (districtus)|Gazachum]] | ''Qazax'' | [[Gazachum]] | ''Qazax'' |- | 40 | [[Gobustania (districtus)|Gobustania]] | ''Qobustan'' | [[Maraza]] | ''Mərəzə'' |- | 41 | [[Guba (districtus)|Guba]] | ''Quba'' | [[Guba]] | ''Quba'' |- | 42 | [[Gubadlyum (districtus)|Gubadlyum]] | ''Qubadlı'' | [[Guybadlyum]] | ''Qubadlı'' |- | 43 | [[Gusarum (districtus)|Gusarum]] | ''Qusar'' | [[Gusarum]] | ''Qusar'' |- | 44 | [[Saatlyum (districtus)|Saatlyum]] | ''Saatlı'' | [[Saatlyum]] | ''Saatlı'' |- | 45 | [[Sabiria]] | ''Sabirabad'' | [[Sabiropolis]] | ''Sabirabad'' |- | 46 | [[Sacia (districtus)|Sacia]] | ''Şəki'' | [[Sacapolis]] | ''Şəki'' |- | 47 | | | [[Sacapolis]] | ''Şəki'' |- | 48 | [[Salyanum (districtus)|Salyanum]] | ''Salyan'' | [[Salyanum]] | ''Salyan'' |- | 49 | [[Sammachia (districtus)|Sammachia]] | ''Şamaxı'' | [[Sammachia]] | ''Şamaxı'' |- | 50 | [[Sampcirum (districtus)|Sampcirum]] | ''Şəmkir'' | [[Sampcirum]] | ''Şəmkir'' |- | 51 | [[Theratopia]] | ''Samux'' | [[Nabiagalyum]] | ''Nəbiağalı'' |- | 52 | [[Melanogynaecia]] | ''Siyəzən'' | [[Melanogynaecopolis]] | ''Siyəzən'' |- | 53 | | | [[Sumgayitum]] | ''Sumqayıt'' |- | 54 | [[Susa (districtus)|Susa]] | ''Şuşa'' | [[Susa (Atropatene)|Susa]] | ''Şuşa'' |- | 55 | | | [[Susa (Atropatene)|Susa]] | ''Şuşa'' |- | 56 | [[Tartarum (districtus)|Tartarum]] | ''Tərtər'' | [[Tartarum]] | ''Tərtər'' |- | 57 | [[Tovuzum (districtus)|Tovuzum]] | ''Tovuz'' | [[Tovuzum]] | ''Tovuz'' |- | 58 | [[Udzarum (districtus)|Udzarum]] | ''Ucar'' | [[Udzarum]] | ''Ucar'' |- | 59 | [[Chasmazum (districtus)|Chasmazum]] | ''Xaçmaz'' | [[Chasmazum]] | ''Xaçmaz'' |- | 60 | | | [[Stephanopolis (Carabachia Superior)|Stephanopolis]] | ''Xankəndi'' |- | 61 | [[Cyanolimnia]] | ''Göygöl'' | [[Hellenapolis]] | ''Göygöl'' |- | 62 | [[Chyzyum (districtus)|Chyzyum]] | ''Xızı'' | [[Chyzyum]] | ''Xızı'' |- | 63 | [[Chocalyum (districtus)|Chocalyum]] | ''Xocalı'' | [[Chocalyum]] | ''Xocalı'' |- | 64 | [[Martunitopia]] | ''Xocavənd'' | [[Martunipolis]] | ''Xocavənd'' |- | 65 | [[Yardymplyum (districtus)|yardymplyum]] | ''Yardımlı'' | [[Yardymplyum]] | ''Yardımlı'' |- | 66 | [[Yeulachum (districtus)|Yeulachum]] | ''Yevlax'' | [[Yeulachum]] | ''Yevlax'' |- | 67 | | | [[Yeulachum]] | ''Yevlax'' |- | 68 | [[Zangilanum (districtus)|Zangilanum]] | ''Zəngilan'' | [[Zangilanum]] | ''Zəngilan'' |- | 69 | [[Zagatala (districtus)|Zagatala]] | ''Zaqatala'' | [[Zagatala]] | ''Zaqatala'' |- | 70 | [[Xanthydria]] | ''Zərdab'' | [[Xanthydropolis]] | ''Zərdab'' |} Huc infra Rei Publicae Autonomicae [[Naxuana]]e septem [[districtus]] et urbs in catalogum rediguntur et seorsum enumerantur: {| class="wikitable sortable" !Numerus in tabula !Districtus Atropatenicae Autonomae Rei Publicae Naxuanae [[Latine]] !Districtus [[lingua Atropatenica|Atropatenice]] !Caput Districtuss sive urbs administrativa Latine !Caput Districtus sive urbs administrativa Atropatenice |- | 1 | [[Babacia]] | ''Babək'' | [[Babacopolis]] | ''Babək'' |- | 2 | [[Dzulfa (districtus)|Dzulfa]] | ''Culfa'' | [[Dzulfa (Atropatene)|Dzulfa]] | ''Culfa'' |- | 3 | [[Cangarlia]] | ''Kəngərli'' | [[Gyuragum]] | ''Qıvraq'' |- | 4 | | | [[Naxuana (urbs)|Naxuana]] | ''Naxçıvan'' |- | 5 | [[Ordubadum (districtus)|Ordubadum]] | ''Ordubad'' | [[Ordubadum]] | ''Ordubad'' |- | 6 | [[Sadaracum]] | ''Sədərək'' | [[Haydaropolis (Atropatene)|Haydaropolis]] | ''Heydərabad'' |- | 7 | [[Sachbuzum (districtus)|Sachbuzum]] | ''Şahbuz'' | [[Sachbuzum]] | ''Şahbuz'' |- | 8 | [[Sarurum (districtus)|Sarurum]] | ''Şərur'' | [[Sarurum]] | ''Şərur'' |} Huc infra quoque in catalogum rediguntur praecipuae Atropatenicae urbes: {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; width:97%; margin-right:10px; font-size:90%" |- ! rowspan=11 | ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Locus ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Urbs ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Districtus ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Incolae ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Locus ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Urbs ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Districtus ! align=center style="background:#f5f5f5;" | Incolae ! rowspan=11 | [[Fasciculus:View_of_Baku.jpg|border|135px|Bacua]]<br />[[Bacua]]<br />[[Fasciculus:Ganja city hall close-up.jpg|border|135px|Thesauropolis]]<br />[[Thesauropolis]]<br /> |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Bacua]]''' (''Bakı'') || [[Abseron]] || 2 036 000 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Stephanopolis (Carabachia Superior)|Stephanopolis]]''' (''Xankəndi'') || || 54 982 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Thesauropolis]]''' (''Gəncə'') || || 320 348 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Lancaranum]]''' (''Lənkəran'') || [[Lancaranum (districtus)|Lancaranum]] || 50 244 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Sumqayit]]''' (''Sumqayıt'') || || 279 086 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 13 || align=left | '''[[Rasulzada]]''' (''Rəsulzadə'') || || 47 921 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Mingasevirum]]''' (''Mingəçevir'') || [[Mingasevirum (districtus)|Mingasevirum]] || 99 775 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Biladzarium]]''' (''Biləcəri'') || || 45 008 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Garasuchurum]]''' (''Qaraçuxur'') || || 77 619 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Mastaga]]''' (''Maştağa'') || || 42 196 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Sirvanum]]''' (''Şirvan'') || [[Sirvanum (districtus)|Sirvanum]] || 75 453 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Agdamum]]''' (''Ağdam'') || [[Agdamum (districtus)|Agdamum]] || 41 827 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Naxuana (urbs)|Naxuana]]''' (''Naxçıvan'') || [[Naxuana]] || 74 203 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Perozepolis]]''' (''Bərdə'') || [[Perozetopia]] || 40 122 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Bacychanovum]]''' (''Bakıxanov'') || || 70 923 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Chasmazum]]''' (''Xaçmaz'') || [[Chasmazum (districtus)|Chasmazum]] || 39 744 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Sacapolis]]''' (''Şəki'') || [[Sacia (districtus)|Sacia]] || 65 045 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Dzalilabadum]]''' (''Cəlilabad'') || [[Dzalilabadum (districtus)|Dzalilabadum]] || 39 230 |- | align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Yeulachum]]''' (''Yevlax'') || [[Yeulachum (districtus)|Yeulachum]] || 56 726 || align=center style="background:#f0f0f0;" | 20 ||align=left | '''[[Housanum]]''' (''Hövsan'') || || 38 257 |} [[Categoria:Subdivisiones Respublicae Atropatenae|!]] [[Categoria:Indices regionum et provinciarum|Atropatenae]] gdxq9rnt1xmwq9e6t4qpv7evsqjwqh4 0 243112 3960183 3960172 2026-05-17T13:13:59Z IacobusAmor 1163 Menda manent. 3960183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Thomas Pires''' (natus ''Tomé Pires'' [[Olisipo]]ne in [[urbs|urbe]] anno [[1468]]; mortuus circa [[1524]] aut anno [[1540]]<ref name=ROF108>{{cite web|url=http://rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html |títle= Tomé Pires, boticário do séc. XVI e primeiro embaixador europeu na China |acessdate=18 de Fevereiro de 2014 |autorlink=Ordem dos Farmacêuticos |data=Iulius/Setember 2013 |ano= |publicado=ROF - Revista da Ordem dos Farmacêuticos |língua=português |arquivourl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kb4YBiHsVKsJ:rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html+&cd=2&hl=pt-PT&ct=clnk&gl=pt |arquivodata= 20 de Janeiro de 2014}}.</ref>), "factor medicaminis,"<ref name="madureira 150 150">Madureira, 150–151.</ref> fuit primus<!--post Marcum Paulum et alios?--> [[legatus]] ex [[Europa]] ad [[Sina]]m [[Domus Ming|tempore imperatore Zhengde]]. Etiam fuit [[apothecarius]], [[pharmacopola]], et [[auctor]]. [[Malacca]]e vivebat ab [[1512]] usque [[1515]]. == Opus == - ''Suma Oriental que trata do Mar Roxo até aos Chins'' == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == * Luis Madureira. "Tropical Sex Fantasies and the Ambassador's Other Death: The Difference in Portuguese Colonialism," ''Cultural Critique'' 28 (autumnus 1994): 149–173. * Muller, Karl, and David Pickell (eds) (1997). ''Maluku: Indonesian Spice Islands.'' (Singaporae: Periplus Editions), p. 86. * (Pires 1990) Armando Cortesão, ''The 'Suma Oriental' of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to China,'' 2 vol. (1944) 1990. * {{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M. C. | authorlink = | title =A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 | publisher = MacMillan | year =[[1991]]|edition=secuna | location = Londinii | url = | doi = | isbn = 0-333-57689-6}} * Albuquerque, L. [[1974]]. “Tomé Pires.” In ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography'' 10: 616. * Cortesão, A. [[1963]]. "A propósito do ilustre boticário quinhentista Tomé Pires." ''Revista Portuguesa de Farmácia'' 13 (3): 298–307. * Cortesão, A. [[1978]]. ''A Suma Oriental de Tomé Pires e o Livro de Francisco Rodrigues.'' Coimbra. * Cortesão, A. [[1945]]. ''Primeira embaixada europeia à China. o boticário e embaixador Tomé Pires.'' Olisipone. * Dias, J. Lopes. [[1947]]. ''Medicinas da 'Suma Oriental' de Tomé Pires''. Porto{{dubsig}}. Sep. ``Jornal do Médico'', vol. 9, n.º 208, pp. 76-83. * Dias, J. P. Sousa. ''A Farmácia em Portugal. Uma introdução à sua história''. 1338-1938. Lisboa: ANF, 1994. * Loureiro, Rui M. ''O manuscrito de Lisboa da "Suma Oriental" de Tomé Pires (Contribuição para uma edição crítica)''. Macau: Instituto Português do Oriente, 1996. * {{cite book |title=Title Letters from Portuguese captives in Canton, written in 1534 & 1536: with an introduction on Portuguese intercourse with China in the first half of the sixteenth century |publisher= Educ. Steam Press, Byculla|year= 1902 |editor=Donald Ferguson |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=4njUAAAAMAAJ&dq=mandaris&q=mandaris#v=snippet&q=mandaris&f=false }} - letters from the survivors of the Pires' embassy, imprisoned in Canton. According to Cortesão's later research, the letters were actually written in 1524. == Nexus externi == * https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175251/http://rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html {{Lifetime|1468|1540|Pires, Tomé}} [[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Portugallenses]] [[Categoria:Historia maritima Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Nautae]] 73faoaezrot1luvtvzzzdpqa9hgm0hq 3960184 3960183 2026-05-17T13:16:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Tomé Pires]] ad [[Thomas Pires]]: Lemma 3960183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Thomas Pires''' (natus ''Tomé Pires'' [[Olisipo]]ne in [[urbs|urbe]] anno [[1468]]; mortuus circa [[1524]] aut anno [[1540]]<ref name=ROF108>{{cite web|url=http://rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html |títle= Tomé Pires, boticário do séc. XVI e primeiro embaixador europeu na China |acessdate=18 de Fevereiro de 2014 |autorlink=Ordem dos Farmacêuticos |data=Iulius/Setember 2013 |ano= |publicado=ROF - Revista da Ordem dos Farmacêuticos |língua=português |arquivourl=http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:kb4YBiHsVKsJ:rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html+&cd=2&hl=pt-PT&ct=clnk&gl=pt |arquivodata= 20 de Janeiro de 2014}}.</ref>), "factor medicaminis,"<ref name="madureira 150 150">Madureira, 150–151.</ref> fuit primus<!--post Marcum Paulum et alios?--> [[legatus]] ex [[Europa]] ad [[Sina]]m [[Domus Ming|tempore imperatore Zhengde]]. Etiam fuit [[apothecarius]], [[pharmacopola]], et [[auctor]]. [[Malacca]]e vivebat ab [[1512]] usque [[1515]]. == Opus == - ''Suma Oriental que trata do Mar Roxo até aos Chins'' == Notae == <references/> == Fontes == * Luis Madureira. "Tropical Sex Fantasies and the Ambassador's Other Death: The Difference in Portuguese Colonialism," ''Cultural Critique'' 28 (autumnus 1994): 149–173. * Muller, Karl, and David Pickell (eds) (1997). ''Maluku: Indonesian Spice Islands.'' (Singaporae: Periplus Editions), p. 86. * (Pires 1990) Armando Cortesão, ''The 'Suma Oriental' of Tomé Pires: An Account of the East, from the Red Sea to China,'' 2 vol. (1944) 1990. * {{cite book | last =Ricklefs | first =M. C. | authorlink = | title =A History of Modern Indonesia since c. 1300 | publisher = MacMillan | year =[[1991]]|edition=secuna | location = Londinii | url = | doi = | isbn = 0-333-57689-6}} * Albuquerque, L. [[1974]]. “Tomé Pires.” In ''Dictionary of Scientific Biography'' 10: 616. * Cortesão, A. [[1963]]. "A propósito do ilustre boticário quinhentista Tomé Pires." ''Revista Portuguesa de Farmácia'' 13 (3): 298–307. * Cortesão, A. [[1978]]. ''A Suma Oriental de Tomé Pires e o Livro de Francisco Rodrigues.'' Coimbra. * Cortesão, A. [[1945]]. ''Primeira embaixada europeia à China. o boticário e embaixador Tomé Pires.'' Olisipone. * Dias, J. Lopes. [[1947]]. ''Medicinas da 'Suma Oriental' de Tomé Pires''. Porto{{dubsig}}. Sep. ``Jornal do Médico'', vol. 9, n.º 208, pp. 76-83. * Dias, J. P. Sousa. ''A Farmácia em Portugal. Uma introdução à sua história''. 1338-1938. Lisboa: ANF, 1994. * Loureiro, Rui M. ''O manuscrito de Lisboa da "Suma Oriental" de Tomé Pires (Contribuição para uma edição crítica)''. Macau: Instituto Português do Oriente, 1996. * {{cite book |title=Title Letters from Portuguese captives in Canton, written in 1534 & 1536: with an introduction on Portuguese intercourse with China in the first half of the sixteenth century |publisher= Educ. Steam Press, Byculla|year= 1902 |editor=Donald Ferguson |url= http://books.google.com/books?id=4njUAAAAMAAJ&dq=mandaris&q=mandaris#v=snippet&q=mandaris&f=false }} - letters from the survivors of the Pires' embassy, imprisoned in Canton. According to Cortesão's later research, the letters were actually written in 1524. == Nexus externi == * https://web.archive.org/web/20160303175251/http://rof.ordemfarmaceuticos.pt/rof108/files/assets/basic-html/page73.html {{Lifetime|1468|1540|Pires, Tomé}} [[Categoria:Exploratores Asiae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Portugallenses]] [[Categoria:Historia maritima Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Portugalliae]] [[Categoria:Nautae]] 73faoaezrot1luvtvzzzdpqa9hgm0hq 1 244861 3960186 2947299 2026-05-17T13:16:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Disputatio:Tomé Pires]] ad [[Disputatio:Thomas Pires]]: Lemma 2947299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Attributio|en|Tomé Pires}} d5f7rblibs2thoem7pl9rgqhxxddzny 0 256171 3960280 3959030 2026-05-17T21:31:03Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{res|Romanica Mosellensis}} est [[Linguae Romanicae|lingua Romanica]] exorta post [[Imperium Romanum]] lapsum iuxta [[Mosella|Mosellam]] flumen, quod fluit per [[Germania|Germaniam]], [[Francia|Franciam]], et [[Luxemburgum]]. Etiam saeculo XI in nonnullis partibus manebat, nondum a colonis Germanis coperta. == Prae Ortu == [[Fasciculus:LocatieMoezel.png|right|thumb|upright=1.5|Vallis Mosellensis]] Postquam [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Caesar]] [[Gallia|Galliam]] vicit anno 50 a.C.n., gens Galloromana ibi coepit florescere. Haud autem in [[Germania Inferior|Germania Inferiore]] nec in partibus [[Germania Superior|Germaniae Superioris]] propinquis limitibus, ubi gens Germana permanebat usque ad imperii occasum. == Ortus == Cum Angli et Saxones, profecti a patriis suis ad [[Britannia|Britanniam]], transierunt per [[Hollandia|Hollandiam]] et [[Flandria|Flandriam]], incolas [[Franci|Francos]] fugarunt in vulturnum iuxta Ourthe et Sauer flumina in fines [[Mettis|Mettienses]] et superiorem Mosellam; quo facto Mosellenses divisi sunt a ceteris Galloromanis spatio 60 chilometrorum. Vestigiis archaeologicis perspectis, videtur Francos agrum coluisse pecoraque educasse circa [[Bedense Castrum]], Gutland, medium [[Saravus|Saravum]], Vallem Mosellensem– ultimos duos quorum potissimum frequentabant. == Casus == Nomina locorum Galloromana indicant Mosellenses in laeva Mosellae ripa a Germanis prorsus persorptos esse saeculo IX; in dextra autem servabant linguam suam saeculo quidem X in locis ut [[Maringum-Novus Vicus|Maringi-Novi Vici]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref>Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand''.</ref>, [[Osanna-Munscellum|Osannae-Munscelli]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref>Theodisce ''Osann-Monzel''.</ref>, [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longi Vici]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Longuich''.</ref>, Riol, [[Portus Chattorum|Portu Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Hatzenport''</ref>, [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longi Campi]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Longkamp''.</ref>, Karden, [[Crovia]]e<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref>, et [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Alf''</ref>. Dialecto Germanicae sibi succedenti Romanica Mosellensis tradidit nonnulla verba quae pertinent ad regionis vetustam viticulturam. == Exemplum == In hac inscriptione Latine scripta saeculo VI inveniuntur nonnulla indicia Romanicae Mosellensis, quae inscriptrici lingua nativa erat:  * ''Hoc tetolo fecet Montana, conlux sua, Mauricio, qui visit con elo annus dodece; et portavit annus qarranta; trasit die VIII K(a)l(endas) Iunias.'' "Hunc titulum Mauritio fecit Montana, coniunx eius, quae vixit cum eo annos duodecim; et habuit annos quadraginta; transiit die VIII Kalendas Iunias."<ref>Kramer (1997) [http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1997/118pdf/118281.pdf p. 282]; {{CIL|XIII|7645}} [https://web.archive.org/web/20170916054555/http://cil.bbaw.de/cil_en/dateien/db_eng.php?nummer=XIII+7645 data]</ref> {{NexInt}} * [[Romania submersa]] * [[Lingua Romanica Pannoniensis]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Bibliographia == * Wolfgang Jungandreas: ''Zur Geschichte des Moselromanischen. Studien zur Lautchronologie und zur Winzerlexik'' (Mainzer Studien zur Sprach- und Volksforschung; 3). Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden 1979, ISBN 3-515-03137-5 * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iohannes Kramer|Johannes Kramer|de|qid=Q15821459}}: ''[http://www.uni-koeln.de/phil-fak/ifa/zpe/downloads/1997/118pdf/118281.pdf Zwischen Latein und Moselromanisch: die Gondorfer Grabinschrift für Mauricius]''. In: ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 118 (1997) pp. 281–286 * Rudolf Post: ''Zur Geschichte und Erforschung des Moselromanischen''. In: ''Rheinische Vierteljahrsblätter'' vol. 69 (2004) pp. 1–35 [[Categoria:Linguae Romanicae]] [[Categoria:Mosella]] ige3vbevidwd1l1b5zdeix3is0vlgzg 0 256651 3960441 3960086 2026-05-18T10:34:33Z ~2026-29619-61 209544 Collegamento 3960441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Dioecesis Italica |Nomen_lat = Dioecesis Melphiensis-Rapollensis-Venusina |Nomen_ital = Diocesi di Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa |Ecclesia = Ecclesia Latina |Charta_Bistum = Cattedrale Melfi.jpg |Regio_ecclesiastica = [[Regio ecclesiastica Lucaniae|Lucania]] |Provincia_ecclesiastica = [[Archidioecesis Potentina-Murana-Marsicensis|Potentina-Murana-<br>Marsicensis]] |Charta_Kirchenprovinz = Roman Catholic Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa in Italy.jpg |Charta2_Kirchenprovinz = Regione ecclesiastica Basilicata.jpg |Nom_episcopus = [[Ioannes Francus Todisco|Ioanne Franco Todisco]] <br>[[Congregatio Piorum Operariorum Ruralium|P.O.C.R.]] |Auxiliarius = |Nom_emeritus = |Nom_vic =Vincentius D'Amato |Nom_officialis = |Num_decanatuum = |Num_paroec =34 |Area =1.316 |Num_incol =89.600 |Temp_incol =2016 |Num_cath =89.200 |Temp_cath =2016 |Portio =99,6 |Erectio =-D. Venusina:<br> [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]],<br>-D. Melphiensis et Rapollensis:<br> [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]];<br> in plena unione: <br>[[30 Septembris]] [[1986]] |Ritus =[[Ritus Romanus|Romanus]] |Ecclesia_cathedralis =Melphi: <br>Assumptionis B.M.V. |Ecclesia_cumcathedralis =Rapollae: <br>S. Michaelis Archangeli,<br>Venusiae: <br>S. Andreae |Patroni = |Inscriptio_curs =Largo Duomo 12, <br>85025 Melfi [Potenza], <br>Italia |Pagina_interret =http://www.webdiocesi.chiesacattolica.it/cci_new/s2magazine/index1.jsp?idPagina=11431 Situs dioecesis }} [[Fasciculus:Pierno santuario.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Abbatia Sanctae Mariae de Pierno in [[Sanctus Felix (Basilicata)|San Fele]]]] '''Dioecesis Melphiensis-Rapollensis-Venusina'''<ref name="CathHier">Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|merv|Dioecesis Melphiensis-Rapollensis-Venusina}}</ref> ([Italiane]] ''Diocesi di Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa'') est [[sedes episcopalis|sedes episcopalis]] [[Italia]]e [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]], in [[Regio ecclesiastica Lucaniae|Regione ecclesiastica Lucaniae]] sita, suffraganaea [[Archidioecesis Potentina-Murana-Marsicensis|Archidioecesis Potentinae-Muranae-Marsicensis]], cuius caput est [[Melphis]], cum [[Rapolla]] et [[Venusia]]. Dioecesi triginta quattuor [[paroecia]]e sunt. ==Episcopus== Anno [[2004]] dioecesis a [[Episcopus|episcopo]] S.E. [[Ioannes Francus Todisco|Ioanne Franco Todisco]] [[Congregatio Piorum Operariorum Ruralium|P.O.C.R.]] regitur. ==Historia== Dioecesis Venusina [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]] erecta est; Dioecesis Melphiensis et Rapollensis [[saeculum 11|saeculo XI]]; in plena unione [[30 Septembris]] [[1986]]. ===Dioecesis abrogata === * [[Dioecesis Lavellana]] ==Ecclesia cathedralis == * Melphi: Ecclesia cathedralis Assumptionis B.M.V. ===Ecclesiae cumcathedrales === * Rapollae: Ecclesia cumcathedralis S. Michaelis Archangeli. * Venusiae: Ecclesia cumcathedralis S. Andreae. {{NexInt}} * [[Lucania]] * [[Archidioecesis Potentina-Murana-Marsicensis]] * [[Dioeceses Italicae Ecclesiae Catholicae]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Roman Catholic Diocese of Melfi-Rapolla-Venosa|Dioecesem Melphiensem-Rapollensem-Venusinam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160314214154/http://www.webdiocesi.chiesacattolica.it/cci_new/s2magazine/index1.jsp?idPagina=11431 Pagina dioecesis] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Gianfranco Todisco.svg|Insigne Episcopi Ioannis Franci. Fasciculus:Regione ecclesiastica Basilicata.jpg|Regio ecclesiastica Lucaniae. Fasciculus:Catholic dioceses of Basilicata.png|Regio ecclesiastica Lucaniae. </gallery> == Notae == <references/> {{RC-stipula}} [[Categoria:Dioecesis Melphiensis-Rapollensis-Venusina|!]] by0ek7mcfv4pn1ygq6xmnszg6zs7dt0 0 266833 3960408 3830341 2026-05-18T06:35:22Z Grufo 64423 De principio Machiano 3960408 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Pyramid of Capitalist System.jpg|thumb|Visio quaedam holistica civitatis. ("[[Pyramis systematis capitalistici]]," imaguncula ab [[Industrial Workers of the World|IWW]] anno 1911 divulgata)]] {{res|Holismus}} (a [[lingua Graeca antiqua|Graeco]] ὅλος ‘totus’) est ratio cogitandi, ''totum''—quod etiam ''[[omnia|universitatem (rerum)]]'' appellare decet—plus aliquid esse quam ''partium'' summam, vel, ut exactius dicamus, proprietates alicuius rerum universitatis plus aliquid esse quam partium proprietatum summam.<ref>Pelletier 2012: 153.</ref> Qui holismo favent, totum sui generis esse dicunt, nec ex solis quibus constat partibus intellegi posse. Itaque aiunt intellectum [[animal]]is aliquid plus quam solam descriptionem membrorum eorumque officiorum requirere. Holismus variis modis amplectitur. Divisio fundamentalis in holismum [[ontologia|ontologicum]] et holismum [[methodologia|methodologicum]] diducitur, quarum prima ea quae sunt pertractat, et secunda ea considerat quibus aliqua res explananda intellegibilis redditur. == De varietatibus holismi == Holismus est positio quae docet totum, vel systema, unam saltem possidere proprietatem, quae ex partibus quibus constat deduci non potest. Cum [[phaenomenon|phaenomena]] holistica paene undique inveniri possint, thesium appellationes variant: holismus [[epistemologia|epistemologicus]], [[holismus semanticus|holismus significationis]], [[holismus socialis]], etc. * In '''holismo epistemologico''' opinio est, minimam unitatem confirmationis in theoria integra consistere. Singulae [[hypothesis|hypotheses]] [[empirismus|empiricae]] per se nihil conferunt nisi in theoriae universitate positae sunt, vel, ut repetamus, singulae propositiones observatoriae ad propriam copiam distinctam consecutionum empiricarum non referuntur. Ita fit, ut praedictio infeliciter temptata eam ex qua deducta est hypothesin conclusive diluere non possit. Quam opinionem multi philosophi [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]], sicut [[Petrus Duhem]] et [[Willard Van Orman Quine]], defenderunt. Quae positio hodie [[thesis Duhemiano-Quineana]] appellatur. * '''Holismus significationis'''. Philosophi antea ambiguum habebant, utrum holisticae an [[atomismus|atomisticae]] sint significabiles proprietates insignium sive synbolorum — sicut [[verbum (generale)|verborum]] eorumque [[conlocatio (linguistica)|conlocationum]] aliquam [[notio (psychologia)|notionem]] aut propositionem imprimentium. Qui holismo favent, credunt [[significatio (linguistica)|significationes]] insignium ad totum systema linguae aut alīus rationis communicandi referri. Itaque significatio [[verbum (generale)|verbi]] in toto systemate linguae posita est, sicut apud [[Ferdinandus de Saussure|Ferdinandum de Saussure]], qui dixit significationem signi linguistici systemate linguae (sive ''langue'') ad concinnitatem totius vocabularii informari.<ref>Saussure 1995: 97-103.</ref> Holismus significationis magnam habet vim in contemplatione [[lingua]]e hominis et [[mens|mentis]] non solum in [[philosophia linguae]] et [[philosophia mentis|mentis]] sed etiam in [[anthropologia]], [[linguistica]], [[litterarum scientia]], et alibi. Qui autem [[atomismus|atomismo]] favent, putant proprietates significabiles insignium directo ad mundum extralinguisticum referri. * '''Holismus socialis''' est doctrina philosophica [[scientiae sociales|scientiarum socialium]], in qua maxime de [[methodologia]] explanandorum [[phaenomenon sociale|phaenomenorum socialium]] agitur. Qui holismo sociali favent, non dubitant, quin sui generis exstent [[societas humana|phaenomena socialia]], quorum proprietates et potestates ex partibus quibus consistunt deduci non possunt. Itaque constat [[civitas|civitatem]] aliquid plus esse quam civium summam. Contraria volunt fautores [[individualismus|individualismi]] [[methodologia|methodologici]], qui phaenomena socialia exstare negant, omniaque ad singulorum hominum actus fides desideria referri adseverant. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Emergentia]] * [[Monismus]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Omnia]] * [[Psychologia gestalt]] * [[Psychologia humanistica]] * [[Reductionismus]] == Bibliographia == * von Bertalanffy, Ludwig, 1976. ''General System theory: Foundations, Development, Applications.'' George Braziller. [Primum editum 1968.] * Bybee, Joan L. & Hopper, Paul, ed. 2001. ''Frequency and the Emergence of Language Structure.'' John Benjamins. * Descombes, Vincent, 2014. ''The Institutions of Meaning: A Defense of Anthropological Holism.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press. * Dreyfus, Hubert L., 1980. Holism and Hermeneutics. ''Review of Metaphysics'' 34: 3–23. * Duhem, Pierre, 1981. ''La Théorie physique, son objet, sa structure.'' Vrin. [Primum editum 1906.] * Fodor, Jerry & Lepore, Ernst, 1992. ''Holism: A Shopper's Guide.'' Wiley. * Heylighen, Francis, 1995. ''Downward causation.'' Principia Cybernetica Web. * Lepore, Ernest, 2013. Holism, in the Philosophy of Language. ''Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences'', ed. Byron Kaldis. SAGE Publications. * Lopez, Francesco, 2004–2008. ''Il pensiero olistico di Ippocrate'', I-II. Pubblisfera. * Pelletier, Francis Jeffry, 2012. Holism and compositionality. ''The Oxford Handbook of Compositionality'', ed. Markus Werning & Wolfram Hinzen & Edouard Machery, 149-174. * Phillips, Denis Charles, 1976. ''Holistic Thought in Social Science.'' Stanford University Press. * Quine, William Van Orman, 1951. Two Dogmas of Empiricism. ''Philosophical Review'' 60: 20–43. * de Saussure, Ferdinand, 1995. ''Cours de linguistique générale.'' Payot. [Primum editum anno 1916.] * Zahle, Julie, 2013. Holism, in the Social Sciences. '' Encyclopedia of Philosophy and the Social Sciences'', ed. Byron Kaldis, pp. 426-430. SAGE Publications. [[Categoria:Emergentia]] [[Categoria:Holismus]] [[Categoria:Philosophia scientiae]] fue17zf6jlxxswkj3j5iod7nstwhgqn 2 269514 3960273 3958177 2026-05-17T20:27:15Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3960273 wikitext text/x-wiki * Vide [[Usor:Andrew Dalby/Fontes Orta et Clusii]] == ante Christum natum == * saec. VII a.C.n. : [[Hesiodus]], ''[[Opera et dies]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3atext%3a1999.01.0131 Textus] * saec. VII a.C.n. : [[Hesiodus]], ''[[Theogonia]]'' [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.01.0129%3Acard%3D453 vv. 453-491] * ante saec. VI a.C.n. : ''[[Liber carminum (Sinae)|Shijing]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics'' vol. 4 i-ii: ''The first part of the She-king ... The second, third and fourth parts of the She-king''. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford & Co., 1871 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics41legg_0 pars i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics42legg_0 pars ii] * saec. V a.C.n. : [[Mithaecus]], praecepta (maxima parte deperdita) * saec. V-III a.C.n. : ''[[Ver et autumnus|Chunqiu]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 5. ''The Ch'un Ts'ew, with the Tso Chuen'' (2 partes. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford, 1872) [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics51legg i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics52legg ii]) * saec. IV a.C.n.? : ''[[Regimen (Hippocrates)|Regimen]]'' e [[Corpus Hippocraticum|corpore Hippocratico]] * saec. IV a.C.n.? : ''[[De regimine acutorum]]'' e [[Corpus Hippocraticum|corpore Hippocratico]] * saec. IV/I a.C.n. : ''[[Carmina regni Chu|Chu ci]]'' (楚辭) * saec. IV a.C.n./III p.C.n. : ''[[Commentarius Zuo|Zuo zhuan]]'' ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 5. ''The Ch'un Ts'ew, with the Tso Chuen'' (2 partes. Hongcongi: Lane, Crawford, 1872) [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics51legg i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics52legg ii]) * c. 350 a.C.n. : [[Archestratus]], ''[[Hedypathia]]'' (S. Douglas Olson, Alexander Sens, edd., ''Archestratos of Gela: Greek culture and cuisine in the fourth century BCE'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 2000) * ante 322 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Historia animalium|c= [[Aristoteles]], ''[[Historia animalium]]'' 533a29, 538a14 et alibi }} * c. 310 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Theophrastus|c=[[Theophrastus]], ''[[Historia plantarum (Theophrastus)|Historia plantarum]]'' 6.6.11, 6.8.1-2 (ed. F. Wimmer [Lutetiae: Didot, 1866] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6dXhmh761sYC/page/n143/mode/2up pp. 106-108])}} * saec. III a.C.n.? : "Di Yuan" (地員)<ref>[https://ctext.org/guanzi/di-yuan?searchu=其種忍蘟，忍葉如雚葉，以長狐茸，黃莖黑莖黑秀，其粟大，無不宜也。&searchmode=showall#result Textus]</ref> in ''[[Guanzi]]'' * saec. III/I a.C.n. : ''[[Ratiocinantium colloquia|Analecta Confucii]]'' 12.22 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 1: ''Confucian Analects'' [etc.]. 2a ed. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1893 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics01legg/page/260/mode/2up p. 261]) * c. 300 a.C.n. : [[Diphilus Siphnius]], ''De iis quae vescenda bene valentibus et aegris dantur'' (fragmentis servatum) * 299 a.C.n./281 p.C.n. : ''[[Annales bambuseis laciniis scriptae|Zhushu jinian]]'' ("[https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg/page/n129/mode/2up The Annals of the Bamboo Books]" in James Legge, ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i: ''The first part of the Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] pp. 105-183) * post 289 a.C.n. : ''[[Mencius (liber)|Mencius]]'' 2.B.2.8, 5.A.6.4-5.A.7.9, 5.B.1.2, 6.B.1.6 et alibi ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 2: ''The Works of Mencius''. 2a ed. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1895 [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/214/mode/2up pp. 214], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/360/mode/2up 360-364], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/370/mode/2up 370], [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics02legg/page/432/mode/2up 433] et alibi) * c. 239 a.C.n. : [[Lü Buwei]], ed., ''[[Veres autumnique domini Lü|Lüshi Chunqiu]]'' 14/2.1, 14/3.4 (John Knoblock, Jeffrey Riegel, edd. et interprr., ''The Annals of Lü Buwei'' [Stanfordiae, 2000] pp. 306-311) * saec. III a.C.n. exeunte : ''[[Laocius]]'' [http://www.tao-te-king.org/12.htm 12] * saec. II a.C.n.? : [[Paxamus]], ''De re culinaria ordine alphabetico'' * saec. II a.C.n.? : [[Paxamus]], ''Georgica'' * saec. II a.C.n. : [[Nicander Colophonius]], ''[[Georgica (Nicander)|Georgica]]'' * saec. II a.C.n. ineunte? : ''[[Traditio Zuo|Zuo zhuan]]'' Zhao 9.5, 20.8a (Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li, David Schaberg, interprr., ''Zuo Tradition'' [Seattli: University of Washington Press, 2016] pp. 1448-1451, 1586-1587) * saec. II a.C.n. ineunte : [[Quintus Ennius|Ennius]], ''[[Hedyphagetica]]'' (E. Courtney, ''The fragmentary Latin poets [Oxonii, 1993] Ennius fr. 28) * c. 170 a.C.n./320 p.C.n. : ''[[Liber documentorum|Shujing]]'' (James Legge, ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i-ii: ''The Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg pars i] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics32legg ii] * c. 160 a.C.n. : [[Marcus Porcius Cato maior|Cato]], ''[[De agri cultura]]'' * c. 150 a.C.n. : ''[[Commentarius Gongyang|Gongyang zhuan]]'' (Harry Miller, ''The Gongyang Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals''. Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015) * ante 146 a.C.n. : [[Mago Carthaginiensis]], opus de re rustica [[Punice]] scriptum * ante 139 a.C.n. : ''[[Magistri Huainan|Huainanzi]]'' 11.16, 19.1, 20.25, 20.26 (John S. Major et al., interprr., ''The Huainanzi: a guide to the theory and practice of government in early Han China'' [Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2010)] * ante 122 a.C.n. : ''[[Magister Zhuang|Zhuangzi]]'' 23, 28 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], interpr., ''The Sacred Books of China: The texts of Taoism'' vol. 2 [Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1891] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi028287mbp/page/n99/mode/2up pp. 80], [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi028287mbp/page/n173/mode/2up 162] * saec. II a.C.n. exeunte? : ''[[Ritus regni Zhou|Zhou li]]'' (Edouard Biot, interpr., ''Le Tcheou-li, ou Rites des Tcheou''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Imprimerie Nationale, 1851 [https://archive.org/details/letcheouliourite1t3chou 3 voll. in 1] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5038370 voll. 1-2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k503972s vol. 3] apud Gallica * saec. I a.C.n.? : Fan Shengzhi, ''[[Liber Fan Shengzhi|Fan Shengzhi shu]]'' (fragmentis servatum) * saec. I a.C.n. ineunte : [[Cienus|Sima Cian]], ''[[Opus chronographicum]]'' * 59 a.C.n. : [[Wang Bao]], ''[[Syngrapha servi|Tong yue]]'' ("Syngrapha servi") * c. 36 a.C.n. : [[Marcus Terentius Varro|Varro]], ''[[De re rustica (Varro)|De re rustica]]'' * c. 35 a.C.n. : {{ec|id=Horatius|c=[[Quintus Horatius Flaccus|Horatius]], ''[[Sermones (Horatius)|Sermones]]'' [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/horace/serm2.shtml#2.3 2.3.150-155]}} * 29 a.C.n. : [[Publius Vergilius Maro|Vergilius]], ''[[Georgica]]'' * ante 8 a.C.n. : [[Liu Xiang]], ''[[Strategemata civitatum bellatricum|Zhan guo ce]]'' * ante saec. I : ''[[Rituum et officiorum memoriale|Liji]]'' (Séraphin Couvreur, ed. et interpr., ''Li ki, ou Mémoires sur les bienséances et les cérémonies ... avec une double traduction en français et en latin'', 2a ed. [Ho Kien Fu: Mission Catholique, 1913] [https://archive.org/details/likioummoiress01couvuoft vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/likioummoiress02couvuoft 2]) ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], interpr., ''The Sacred Books of China: The texts of Confucianism'' partes 3-4: ''The Lî Kî'' [Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1885] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi3conf i-x] [https://archive.org/details/sacredbooksofchi04conf xi-xlvi] == saec. I-X == * saec. I p.C.n. ineunte : {{Strabo}} 15.2.10 * 5 : ''[[Decretum praeceptorum menstruorum]]'' (Charles Sanft, interpr., "Edict of Monthly Ordinances for the Four Seasons in Fifty Articles" in ''Early China'' vol. 32 [2008/2009] pp. 125-208 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23351787 JSTOR]) * c. 55/92 : [[Ban Gu]], ''[[Han shu]]'' * c. 60 : [[Lucius Iunius Moderatus Columella|Columella]], ''[[Rei rusticae libri (Columella)|Rei rusticae libri]]'' 11.3.19-23 * ante 79 : {{ec|id=Plinius maior|c={{Pnh}} [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/21*.html#65 21.65], [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/21*.html#167 167]}} * 79/saec. III : ''[[Bai Hu Tong]]'' (Tjan Tjoe Som, ''Po hu t'ung: the comprehensive discussions in the White Tiger Hall'' [2 voll. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1949-1952] {{GB|nQgVAAAAIAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|nzgVAAAAIAAJ|vol. 2: paginae selectae}} [https://www.jstor.org/stable/609660 recensio apud JSTOR] * c. 80 : {{ec|id=Dioscorides|c={{Dioscorides}} 3.120 (ed. [[Max Wellmann]] [Berolini: Weidmann, 1906-1914] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6228793s/f170.item vol. 2 pp. 130-131])}} * saeculo I exeunte : {{ec|id=Xenocrates|c=[[Xenocrates Aphrodisiensis]], ''De alimento ex aquatilibus'' 95-96 apud [[Oribasius|Oribasii]] ''[[Collectiones medicae]]'' [http://remacle.org/bloodwolf/erudits/oribase/deuxgrec.htm 2.58] (Ioannes Raeder, ed., ''Oribasii Collectionum medicarum reliquiae''. 2 voll. Lipsiae: Teubner, 1929 [https://cmg.bbaw.de/epubl/online/cmg_06_01_01.php vol. 1 p. 53])}} * c. 100 : [[Marcus Valerius Martialis|Martialis]], ''Epigrammata'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost01/Martialis/mar_ep04.html 4.44] * saec. II : [[Cui Shi]], ''[[Mensualia ordinum quattuor populi praecepta|Simin yueling]]'', calendarium rusticum * saec. II ineunte? : {{ec|id=Pseudo-Dioscorides|c=Pseudo-Dioscorides, ''[[Synonyma plantarum barbara]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6228793s/f270 4.71] (φυσάλλις, οἱ δὲ στρύχνον, οἱ δὲ ἁλικάκκαβον, Ῥωμαῖοι βησικάρια) }} * c. 120 : [[Publius Annius Florus|Florus]], ''[[Epitome rerum Romanarum (Florus)|Epitome rerum Romanarum]]'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Florus/Epitome/1C*.html#XI 1.xi.16.4] * saec. II medio : [[Arrianus]], ''[[Anabasis Alexandri]]'' 3.28.5-7 * saec. II medio : {{ec|id=Liu Xi|c=[[Liu Xi]], ''[[Expositio nominum|Shiming]]'' cap. 10 (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 21)}} * c. 160 : {{ec|id=Cui Shi|c=[[Cui Shi]], ''[[Praecepta plebis mensualia|Simin Yueling]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 21; cf. ''[http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/siminyueling.html China Knowledge]'') }} * saec. II exeunte : [[Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus]] et [[Sextus Quintilius Condianus]], ''[[Georgica (Quintilii)|Georgica]]'' (partim in ''[[Geoponica|Geoponicis]]'' servata) * saec. II/VI : ''[[Carakasaṃhitā]]'' (Avinash Chandra Kaviratna, interpr. Calcuttae, 1890-1908 [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_47357 Textus] [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?do=chapitre&cote=47357 alibi]; Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society, interprr. 6 voll. Jamnagar, 1949 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326549 1] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol2_167_F 2] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol3_422_c 3] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326550 4] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.326551 5] [https://archive.org/details/charakasamhitagulakunvebaaurvedicsocietyvol6_130_M 6]) * c. 200 : [[Sextus Iulius Africanus|Iulius Africanus]], ''[[Cesti (Iulius Africanus)|Cesti]]'' et ''Paradoxa'' * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De facultatibus simplicium medicamentorum]]'' 9.109 [https://archive.org/details/klaudiougalenou00khgoog/page/n133/mode/2up vol. 12 p. 123 editionis 1826] * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De alimentorum facultatibus]]'' [https://archive.org/details/hapantaoperaomni06galeuoft/page/734/mode/1up vol. 6 p. 734 Kühn] * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De victu attenuante]]'' * c. 200 : [[Claudius Galenus|Galenus]], ''[[De rebus boni malique suci]]'' * saec. III : [[Gargilius Martialis]], ''[[Medicinae ex holeribus et pomis]]'' * saec. III/IV? : [[Quintus Serenus]], ''[[De medicina praecepta (Serenus)|De medicina praecepta]]'' * saec. III ineunte : [[Claudius Aelianus|Aelianus]], ''[[De natura animalium (Aelianus)|De natura animalium]]'' 14.23, 14.26 * c. 220 : {{ec|id=Deipnosophistae|c=[[Athenaeus Naucratites|Athenaeus]], ''[[Deipnosophistae]]'' [https://archive.org/details/ARes28201/page/n136/mode/1up ed. Kaibel] [https://archive.org/details/athenaeinavcrati01atheuoft/page/192/mode/1up?view=theater ed. Casaubon]}} (vide et [https://www.digitalathenaeus.org/ Digital Athenaeus]) * c. 220 : [[Yang Fu]], ''[[异物志|Yiwu zhi]]'' * c. 300 : [[Ji Han]], ''[[Descriptio plantarum arborumque regionis meridianae|Nanfang caomu zhuang]]'' * saec. IV? : [[Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus|Palladius]], ''[[Opus agriculturae]]'' 12.6 * saec. IV? : [[Palladius Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus|Palladius]], ''[[De insitione (Palladius)|De insitione]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Antonius Musa]], ''[[De herba vettonica liber]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Apuleius (scriptor pseudonymus)|Apuleius]], ''[[Herbarius (pseudo-Apuleius)|Herbarius]]'' * saec. IV? : Pseudo-[[Dioscorides]], ''[[Liber medicinae ex herbis femininis]]'' * saec. IV? : {{ec|id=Apicius|c=''[[Apicius sive De re coquinaria]]'' [http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Apicius/api_re00.html textus] (Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006. ISBN 1903018137])}} * saec. IV? : [[Vindonius Anatolius]] Berytius, ''Synagoge consuetudinum rei rusticae'' (partim in ''[[Geoponica|Geoponicis]]'' servata) * 312/315 : [[Eusebius Pamphili]], ''[[Praeparatio evangelica|Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV]]'' (E. H. Gifford, ed. et interpr., ''Eusebii Pamphili Evangelicae praeparationis libri XV'' [4 voll. in 5. Oxonii: e typographeo Clarendoniano, 1903] [https://archive.org/details/evangelicaepraep01euse 1] [https://archive.org/details/evangelicaepraep02euse 2] [https://archive.org/details/p1evangelicaepra03euse 3 i] [https://archive.org/details/p2evangelicaepra03euse 3 ii] [https://archive.org/details/eusebioutoupamp00eusegoog 4] [https://www.tertullian.org/fathers/index.htm#Praeparatio_Evangelica_(The_Preparation_of_the_Gospel) editio interretialis versionis Anglicae] * 320 p.C.n. nisi antea : ''[[Liber documentorum|Shujing]]'', libri Shang, 3-6 ([[Iacobus Legge|James Legge]], ed. et interpr., ''The Chinese Classics''. Vol. 3 i-ii: ''The Shoo King'' [Hongcongi, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/chineseclassics31legg/page/184/mode/2up pp. 184-219]) * saec. IV exeunte : [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]], ''Epistulae'' * c. 371 : [[Decimus Magnus Ausonius|Ausonius]], ''[[Mosella (Ausonius)|Mosella]]'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost04/Ausonius/aus_mose.html Textus] * c. 400 : [[Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius|Macrobius]], ''[[Saturnalia (Macrobius)|Saturnalia]]'' [https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Macrobius/Saturnalia/3*.html#15 3.15] * saec. IV-V : ''[[Itinerarium Alexandri]]'' 75 * saec. V? : [[Vinidarius]], ''[[Apici excerpta]]'' (Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006. ISBN 1903018137] pp. 312-325) * saec. V/VI : ''[[Suśrutasaṃhitā]]'' (Kunja Lal Bhushagratna, interpr., ''An English translation of the Sushruta samhita''. 3 voll. Calcuttae, 1907 [https://archive.org/details/englishtranslati01susruoft 1] [https://archive.org/details/b24758619_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b24758619_0003 3]) * post 511 : [[Anthimus (legatus)|Anthimus]], ''[[De observatione ciborum]]'' 61 * ante 537 : [[Cassiodorus]], ''[[Variae (Cassiodorus)|Variae]]'' 12.4 ([[Theodorus Mommsen]], ed., ''Cassiodori senatoris Variae'' [Berolini: apud Weidmannos, 1894] [https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_auct_ant_12/index.htm#page/362/mode/1up p. 362]) ("Destinet carpam Danuvius") * c. 544 : [[Jia Sixie]], ''[[Principales populo favendi artes|Qimin yaoshu]]'' * 587/588 : [[Venantius Fortunatus]], ''[[De navigio suo (Venantius)|De navigio suo]]'' [https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost06/Venantius/ven_ca10.html#09 vv. 29-42] * c. 700 : {{ec|id=Meng Shen|c=[[Meng Shen]], ''[[Materia diaetetica compendiosa|Shiliao bencao]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} p. 28)}} * saec. VIII/X : [[Liber Exoniensis|Libri Exoniensis]] aenigma 74 vel 77 [https://web.archive.org/web/20060903091110/http://www2.kenyon.edu/AngloSaxonRiddles/Riddles/Riddle74.htm Textus] * saec. VIII exeunte : [[Lu Yu]], ''[[Canon theae|Cha jing]]'' ("Canon theae") * saec. IX : {{Creanda|fr|Masawaiyh|Mesue}} * ante 857 : {{Creanda|fr|Yuhanna ibn Masawaih|Ioannes Mesue}} (cf. Q62052886) * ante 863 : [[Duan Chengshi]], ''[[Miscellaneae montis You offae|Youyang zazu]]'' * saec. IX/X : ''[[Medicinale Anglicum]]'' * saec. X : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''[[De diaetis universalibus et particularibus]]'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0004/bsb00042770/images/index.html Manuscriptum] * saec. X : {{ec|id=Warrāq)|c=Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq, ''[[Liber coquinarius (Warrāq)|Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ]]'' (Kaj Öhrnberg, Sahban Mroueh, edd., ''Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq: Kitāb al-ṭabīkh'' [Helsingiae: Finnish Oriental Society, 1987]; Nawal Nasrallah, interpr., ''Annals of the Caliphs' Kitchens: Ibn Sayyār al-Warrāq's Tenth-Century Baghdadi Cookbook'' [Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2007] {{Google Books|sQCwCQAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}})}} * saec. X/XI : ''[[Lacnunga]]'' * c. 1000 : {{Creanda|fr|Masawaih (Mésué le Jeune)|Ioannes Mesue iunior}} (cf. Q24794616) == Saec. XI == * saec. XI : {{ec|id=al-Kāšġarī|c={{Creanda|en|Mahmud al-Kashgari|Mahometus al-Kāšġarī}}, ''[[Dīwān Luġāt al-Turk]]'' (Robert Dankoff, ed. et interpr., ''Maḥmūd al-Kāšγarī: Compendium of The Turkic Dialects (Dīwān Luγāt at-Turk)''. 3 voll. Cantabrigiae Massachusettensium, 1982) [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPart1-MahmudAl-Kashghari 1] [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPartII-MahmudAl-Kashghari 2] [https://archive.org/details/CompendiumOfTheTurkicDialectsPartIII-MahmudAl-Kashghari 3]}} * saec. XI : {{ec|id=Ḫāṣṣ Ḥājib|c={{Creanda|en|Yūsuf Balasaguni|Iosephus Ḫāṣṣ Ḥājib}}, ''[[Qutadğu Bilig]]'' (Robert Dankoff, interpr., ''Yusuf Khass Hajib: Wisdom of Royal Glory (Kutadgu Bilig): a Turko-Islamic mirror for princes''. Chicagine: University of Chicago Press, 1983)}} * 1025 : [[Avicenna]], ''[[Liber canonis medicinae]]'' {{GB|WE_d_srGiKUC|versio Latina 1484}} [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002046-001/page/n198/mode/2up f. 78v editionis 1527] * c. 1080 : [[Symeon Sethi]], ''[[Syntagma de cibariorum facultate]]'' {{Google Books|FJukcSowkeMC|editio 1538}} == Saec. XII == * saec. XII? : ''[[Pākadarpaṇam]]'' (Madhulika, interpr.; Jay Ram Nadav, ed. Benaris, 2013 [http://www.saujanyabooks.com/details.aspx?id=41411 De hac editione] [https://www.ancientscienceoflife.org/article.asp?issn=0257-7941;year=2014;volume=33;issue=4;spage=259;epage=262;aulast=Kodlady Recensio]) * saec. XII : [[Someśvara III]], ''{{Creanda|en|Manasollasa|Mānasollāsa}}'' * saec. XII : ''[[Antidotarium Mesue]]'' seu ''Grabadin'' * saec. XII/XIII : ''[[Poricologus]]'' * ante 1117 : ''Sheng ji zong lu'' fide en:wiki [https://www.loc.gov/item/2021666382/ de hoc fonte] * saec. XII medio : {{ec|id=Luo Yuan|c=[[Luo Yuan]], ''[[Alae expositoris|Erya yi]]'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 30-31)}} * 1150/1175 : ''[[Salsamenta Pictavensium]]'' (Giles E. M. Gasper, Faith Wallis, "Salsamenta Pictavensium: gastronomy and medicine in twelfth-century England" in ''English Historical Review'' vol. 131 [2016] pp. 1353-1385 [https://dro.dur.ac.uk/19826/1/19826.pdf textus recensionis praeliminaris]) * 1150/1180 : [[Matthaeus Platearius]], ''[[Practica (Platearius)|Practica]]'' (cf. 1497 et 1582) * 1160/1170 : ''[[Circa instans]]'' (cf. 1497 et 1582) * ante 1187 : [[Gerardus Cremonensis]], Versio Latina Avicennae ''Canonis Medicinae'', [http://alfama.sim.ucm.es/dioscorides/consulta_libro.asp?ref=X532932098&idioma=0] II 'Littera M', cpt. 451 'Melongena' p.353 * c. 1190 : {{ec|id=Nequam|c=[[Alexander Nequam]], ''[[De nominibus utensilium]]'' ([[Thomas Wright]], ed., ''A Volume of Vocabularies'' [Liverpolii, 1882] pp. 96-119 ad [https://archive.org/details/b2487341x_0001/page/102/mode/2up p. 102] ("viridis sapor, verde sause")}} * saec. XII exeunte : [[Ibn al-'Awwam|Ibn al-ʿAwwām]], ''[[Liber agriculturae (Ibn al-'Awwam)|Liber agriculturae]]'' (J.-J. Clément-Mullet, interpr., ''Le Livre de l'agriculture d'Ibn-al-Awam''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Librairie A. Franck, 1864-1867 {{GB|x1pAAAAAIAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|lj9AAAAAIAAJ|2}} {{Google Books|Fz9AAAAAIAAJ|3}} * saec. XII exeunte : [[Radulphus de Diceto]], ''[[Ymagines historiarum]]'' (William Stubbs, ed., ''Radulfi de Diceto decani Lundoniensis opera historica'' [''[[Rerum Britannicarum Medii Aevi scriptores]]''. Londinii, 1876] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89095820973&view=1up&seq=404&skin=2021 vol. 1 p. 294] [https://archive.org/details/radulfidedicetod02dice vol. 2] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=wu.89090758863&view=1up&seq=9&skin=2021 vol. 2 alibi]) * saec. XII medio : ''[[Ptochoprodromica]]'' (Hans Eideneier, ed., ''Πτωχοπρόδρομος'' [Heraclei Cretae: Πανεπιστημιακές Εκδόσεις Κρήτης, 2012] {{Ling|Graece}}) == Saec. XIII == * saec. XIII : ''Wuṣla ilā al-ḥabīb'' (Maxime Rodinson, ''Studies in Arabic Manuscripts'' in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] pp. 131-148) * saec. XIII : Serapionis iunioris ''[[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|De simplici medicina]]'' iv.241 (''assa'')[https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818200/page/160/mode/2up pp. 160-162 editionis 1531] * saec. XIII : [[Nicolaus Myrepsus]], ''[[Antidotarium|Dynameron]]'' seu ''Antidotarium'' (vide 1549) * saec. XIII : {{ec|id=Tujibi|c=[[Ibn Razīn al-Tujībī]], ''Fiḍālat al-ḫiwān'' (Peter Heine, ''Kulinarische Studien: Untersuchungen zur Kochkunst im arabisch-islamischen Mittelalter'' (1988) p. 128 ("qaṭāʾif"))}} * saec. XIII : {{ec|id=Andalusiensis|c=''Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ fī'l-Maǧrīb wa'l-Andalūs'' (A. Huici Miranda, ed., ''La cocina Hispano-Magrebi en la España almohade'' [Matriti, 1965] f. 68v; Charles Perry, interpr., ''An Anonymous Andalusian Cookbook of the 13th Century'' [http://www.daviddfriedman.com/Medieval/Cookbooks/Andalusian/andalusian9.htm Textus]) ("sanbûsak")}} * saec. XIII : ''[[La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage]]'' (Grégoire Lozinski, ed., ''La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage'' [Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1933]) * saec. XIII/XIV : {{ec|id=Kitāb waṣf|c=''[[Descriptio ciborum communiorum|Kitāb waṣf al-ʿaṭima al-muʿtada]]'' (Charles Perry, "The Description of Familiar Foods" in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] pp. 273-465) }} * saec. XIII/XV : ''[[Tacuinum sanitatis]]'' (vide hanc paginam) {{Google Books|ggFcAAAAcAAJ|p. 87 editionis 1531}} * saec. XIII ineunte : ''[[Egils saga Skalla-Grímssonar]]'' cap. 71 * 1223/1224 : [[Henricus de Andeliaco]], ''[[La Bataille des vins]]'' (Alexandre Héron, ''Oeuvres de Henri d'Andeli, trouvère normand du 13e siècle'' [Rotomagi, 1880] pp. [https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdehenrida00henruoft/page/22/mode/2up 23-30], [https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdehenrida00henruoft/page/86/mode/2up 87-129]) * 1226 : {{ec|id=Baghdadi|c=[[Baghdādī]], ''[[Liber coquinarius Bagdatensis|Kitāb al-ṭabīḫ]]'' (Charles Perry, interpr., ''A Baghdad Cookery Book'' [''Petits propos culinaires'', no. 79. Totnes: Prospect Books, 2005])}} * ante 1240 : [[Iacobus Vitriacensis]], ''[[Historia Orientalis et Occidentalis|Libri duo quorum prior Orientalis sive Hierosolymitanae, alter Occidentalis historiae nomine inscribitur]]''. Duaci: ex officina Balthazaris Belleri, 1597 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54504q Textus apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/IacobiDeVitriacoCardinalisLibriDuo1596 textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10189102-1 textus] apud Monacenses * c. 1240 : [[Gualterus de Bibbesworth]], ''[[Le Tretiz (Bibbesworth)|Le Tretiz]]'' (MS G) 465-466 ([[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], interpr., ''The Treatise of Walter of Bibbesworth'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2012. ISBN 978-1-903018-86-6] pp. 82-83) * ante 1250 : ''[[Libellus de arte coquinaria]]'' (M. Kristensen, ed., ''The socalled Harpestreng cookbook (13th century) = Das sog. Harpestreng-Kochbuch [13. Jh.]: Codex K: Harpestræng''. Hauniae, 1908-1920) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/harp-kkr.htm Textus] * c. 1250 : Lin Hong, ''{{Creanda|de|Shanjia qinggong|Simplicia montani victualia}}'' (Françoise Sabban, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/etchi_0755-5857_1997_num_16_1_1254 La diète parfaite d'un lettré retiré sous les Song du Sud]" in ''Études chinoises'' vol. 16 (1997) pp. 7-57) * c. 1250 : {{ec|id=La Villeneuve|c=Guillaume de La Villeneuve, "Crieries de Paris" vv. 16-22 (Étienne Barbazan, Dominique Martin Méon, edd., ''Fabliaux et contes des poètes françois des XIe, XIIe, XIIIe, XIVe et XVe siècles'' [Lutetiae, 1808] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k79574/f293 vol. 2 p. 277]}} * 1250/1270 : [[Ioannes XXI|Petrus Hispanus]], ''[[Thesaurus pauperum]]'' * post 1254 : [[Gulielmus de Rubruquis]], ''Itinerarium'' (Peter Jackson, interpr., ''The Mission of Friar William of Rubruck''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1990) * 1259 : [[Albertus Magnus]], ''De vegetabilibus'' vi.2.2.279 {{Google Books|euAHAAAAIAAJ|pp. 279-280 editionis 1867}} * saec. XIII exeunte : {{ec|id=Iamboninus|c=[[Iamboninus Cremonensis]], ''[[Liber de ferculis|Liber de ferculis et condimentis]]'' (Anna Martellotti, ''Il Liber de ferculis di Giambonino da Cremona'' [Fasano: Schena, 2001])}} * saec. XIII exeunte : {{ec|id=Wu Zimu|c=Wu Zimu, ''Mengliang lu'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 33-34)}} * saec. XIII exeunte : ''{{Creanda|fr|Tractatus de herbis}}'' (vide et {{Creanda|fr|Liste des simples traités dans le Tractatus de herbis}}) * c. 1275 : ''[[Viandier]]'': manuscriptum Sedunense ([[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], ed., ''The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts'' [Ottavae: University of Ottawa Press, 1988]) [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/251-1275-viandier-de-sion-texte-et-traduction Textus cum versione] ab Annick Englebert recensus * ante 1281 : [[Pseudo-Mesue]] * c. 1282 : {{ec|id=Memoriali bolognesi|c=''Memoriali bolognesi'' (Gianfranco Contini, ed., ''Poeti del Duecento''. 2 voll. Mediolani: Ricciardo Ricciardi, 1960)}} * 1287 : [[Salimbene de Adam]], ''Cronica'' 786, sub die 11 Augusti 1284 (ed. Ferdinando Bernini [Baro: Laterza, 1942] p. 264) * saeculo XIII exeunte : ''[[La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage]]'' vv. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f21 249], [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f28 433] [https://www.arlima.net/ad/bataille_de_caresme_et_de_charnage.html De opere] * ante 1300 : ''[[Viande e claree|Coment l'en deit fere viande e claree]]'' (Constance B. Hieatt, R. Jones, "Two Anglo-Norman culinary collections" in ''Speculum'' vol. 61 (1986) pp. 859-882 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2853971 JSTOR]) * c. 1300 : ''[[Enseignements]]'' [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/1300ens.htm no. 62] (Grégoire Lozinski, ed., ''La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage'' [Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1933] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k40533/f191.item pp. 181-187]) [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/254-1300-les-enseingnemenz-texte-et-traduction alibi] == Saec. XIV == * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Thesaurus|c=''[[Thesaurus beneficiorum mensaeque varietatum|Kanz al-fawāʾid fī tanwīʿ al-mawāʾid]]'' (Manuela Marin, David Waines, edd. [Stutgardiae: Steiner, 1993]; Nawal Nasrallah, interpr., ''Treasure Trove of Benefits and Variety at the Table'' [Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2018])}} * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Sent soví|c=''[[Llibre de sent soví]]'' (Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] pp. 68-69, no. xiii) ("escabetx a peix frit")}} * saec. XIV : ''[[Llibre de totes maneres de potatges]]'' (Mónica Barrieras et al., edd., ''Llibre de totes maneres de potatges'' [Barcinone: Editiorial Barcino, 2020?) (cf. Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] p. 122 n.) * saec. XIV : {{ec|id=Libro per cuoco|c=''[[Libro per cuoco]]'' vel ''Anonimo Veneziano'' (Ludovico Frati, ed., ''Libro di cucina del secolo XIV'' (Liburni, 1899) no. 80 [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/frati.htm Textus a Thoma Gloning divulgatus])}} * saec. XIV : ''[[Libro della cocina]]'' vel "Anonymus Tuscanus" (E. Faccioli, ''Arte della cucina'' (Mediolani 1966) vol. 1 pp. 21-57; [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/an-tosc.htm recensio interretialis]; Frankwalt Möhren, ''Il libro de la cocina: un ricettario tra Oriente e Occidente''. Heidelbergae, 2016 [https://heiup.uni-heidelberg.de/heiup/reader/download/123/123-68-75294-1-10-20160906.pdf Textus]) * saec. XIV : ''[[Libre de totes maneres de confits]]'' [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/confits.htm Textus interretialis] * c. 1300/1320 : [[Matthaeus Silvaticus]], ''[[Liber pandectarum medicinae]]'' (vide infra) * 1300/1309 : {{ec|id=Liber de coquina|c=''[[Liber de coquina|Liber de coquina ubi diversitates ciborum docentur]]'' (Marianne Mulon, "Deux traités inédits d'art culinaire médiéval" in ''Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'à 1610) du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' [1968 (1971)] vol. 1 pp. 369-435) [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/mul2-lib.htm Textus]}} * 1305/1308 : {{ec|id=Regimen sanitatis|c=[[Arnaldus de Villa Nova]], ''[[Regimen sanitatis ad regem Aragonum]]'' ([https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00065328/images/index.html?id=00065328&groesser=&fip=xdsydfsdryztsyztsxdsydsdasxdsyd&no=64&seite=54 editio 1474])}} * ante 1309 : ''[[Tractatus de modo praeparandi et condiendi omnia cibaria]]'' (Marianne Mulon, "Deux traités inédits d'art culinaire médiéval" in ''Bulletin philologique et historique (jusqu'à 1610) du Comité des Travaux Historiques et Scientifiques'' [1968 (1971)] vol. 1 pp. 369-435) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/mul1-tra.htm Textus] * 1309 : [[Petrus de Crescentiis]], ''[[Ruralia commoda]]'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1320/1340 : [[BL Royal 12.C.xii]] f. 11r (Constance B. Hieatt, R. Jones, "Two Anglo-Norman culinary collections" in ''Speculum'' vol. 61 (1986) pp. 859-882 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2853971 JSTOR]) * ante 1325 : ''[[Doctrina faciendi diversa cibaria]]'' ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 43-58) * c. 1325 : ''[[Tractatus de vinis]]'' [[Arnaldus de Villa Nova|Arnaldo de Villa Nova]] falso adscriptum * 1330 : {{ec|id=Hu|c=Hu Si-hui, ''[[Propria ad mensam Imperatoris principia]]'' (Paul D. Buell, Eugene N. Anderson, edd. et interprr., ''A Soup for the Qan: Chinese dietary medicine of the Mongol era as seen in Hu Szu-hui's Yin-shan cheng-yao'' [Londinii: Kegan Paul, 2000] no. 10, p. 282)}} * c. 1335 : [[Maynus de Mayneriis]], ''[[Opusculum de saporibus]]'' ([[Lynn Thorndike]], "A Medieval Sauce-Book" in ''Speculum'' vol. 9 (1934) pp. 183-190 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2846594 JSTOR]; cf. [[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], "The Opusculum de saporibus of Magninus Mediolanensis" in ''Medium aevum'' vol. 54 (1985) pp. 178-207 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43628892 JSTOR]) * c. 1340 : [[Ibn Baṭṭūṭa]], ''[[Peregrinatio (Ibn Baṭṭūṭa)|Peregrinatio]]'' (C. Defrémery, B. R. Sanguinetti, edd. et interprr., ''Voyages d'Ibn Batoutah'' [5 voll. Lutetiae: Société Asiatique, 1853-1859] [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_6017227_000 Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab02ibnb vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab03ibnb vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/voyagestextearab04ibnb vol. 4] [https://archive.org/details/ldpd_5998015_000 Index]) * saec. XIV medio : Jia Ming, ''[[De potu ciboque scienda|Yinshi xuzhi]]'' (T.T. Chang, "Chia Ming's Elements of Dietetics: a summary of the first volume with an introduction" in '' Isis'' vol. 20 (1933) pp. 324-334 * saec. XIV medio : ''[[Das Buch von guter Speise]]'' [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bvgs.htm Textus interretialis] * 1353 : [[Iohannes Boccacius|Boccaccio]], ''[[Decameron]]'' * c. 1355 : {{ec|id=Boccacius|c=[[Iohannes Boccacius|Boccaccio]], ''Corbaccio''}} * ante 1374 : {{ec|id=Ni Zan|c=[[Ni Zan]], ''[[Aedis silvarum nebulosarum regimentarium|Yunlintang yinshi zhidu shi]]'' (Teresa Wang, E. N. Anderson, "Ni Tsan and his Cloud Forest Hall Collection of Rules for Drinking and Eating" in ''Petits Propos Culinaires'' no. 60 (1998) pp. 24-41) }} * 1377/1400 : ''[[Forme of cury]]'' no. 22, 202 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 93-145) ("mawmenee, mawmenny") * 1381 : ''[[Diversa servicia]]'' no. 30 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 59-79) ("maumene") * ante 1390 : {{ec|id=Modus|c=''[[Modus viaticorum praeparandorum et salsarum|Modus viaticorum preparandorum et salsarum]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10036651f/f26 liber manuscriptus] }} * saec. XIV exeunte : {{ec|id=Llibre d'aparellar|c=''[[Llibre d'aparellar de menjar]]'', [https://mdc.csuc.cat/digital/collection/manuscritBC/id/290716 Bibliotheca de Catalunya MS. 2112] ff. 25r-35r (Joan Santanach i Suñol, ed., Robin M. Vogelzang, interpr., ''The book of Sent Soví: medieval recipes from Catalonia'' [2008] pp. 190-191) ("menjar blanc")}} * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Grettis saga Ásmundarsonar]]'' cap. 28 * c. 1390/1404 : ''[[Herbarium Carrarense]]'' * c. 1393 : {{ec|id=Mesnagier|c=''[[Le Mesnagier de Paris]]'' (Jérôme Pichon, ed., ''Le ménagier de Paris ... par un bourgeois parisien'' (Lutetiae, 1846-1847) [https://archive.org/details/lemnagierdepari01renagoog/page/n111/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 100], [https://archive.org/details/lemnagierdepari01renagoog/page/n185/mode/2up 175]}} * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Utilis coquinario]]'' no. 25 ([[Constantia Hieatt|Constance B. Hieatt]], Sharon Butler, edd., ''Curye on Inglysch'' [Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1985] pp. 61-91) ("mawmene") * saec. XIV exeunte : ''[[Goud kokery]]'' * saec. XIV exeunte : [[Franciscus Eiximenis]], ''[[Com usar bé de beure e menjar]]'' == Saec. XV == * saec. XV : [[Ibn al-Mubarrad]], ''Kitāb al-Ṭibāḫa'' (Charles Perry, "''Kitāb al-Ṭibāḫa'': a fifteenth-century cookbook" in Maxime Rodinson, A. J. Arberry, Charles Perry, ''Medieval Arab Cookery'' [Totnes: Prospect Books, 2001] p. 473 * saec. XV : ''{{Creanda|fr|Livre des simples médecines}}'' * saec. XV : ''[[Mensura omnium Oceani litorum|Yingyai shenglan]]'' {{Google Books|DjQ9AAAAIAAJ|p. 118 versionis Anglicae}} * saec. XV ineunte : ''[[Ancient Cookery]]'' (''[[A Collection of Ordinances and Regulations for the Government of the Royal Household]]'' (Londinii: Societas Antiquariorum Londinensis 1790) pp. 423-473 {{Google Books|Q25HAAAAcAAJ}}; Richard Warner, ''Antiquitates culinariae'' (Londinii, 1791) {{Google Books|ycw-AAAAcAAJ}}) * saec. XV ineunte : ''[[Viandier]]'': manuscriptum Vaticanum (Terence Scully, ed., ''The Viandier of Taillevent: an edition of all extant manuscripts'' [Ottavae: University of Ottawa Press, 1988] [https://histolf.ulb.be/index.php/textes-gh/260-1450-viandier-taillevent-ms-vaticane-texte-et-traduction Textus cum versione] ab Annick Englebert recensus * c. 1420 : {{ec|id=Liber cure cocorum|c=''[[Liber cure cocorum]]'' (Richard Morris, ed., ''Liber cure cocorum'' [Londinii: Philological Society, 1862] [https://archive.org/details/libercurecocorum00morr/page/18/mode/2up p. 19]) ("blanc maungere of fysshe") }} * c. 1420 : ''[[Potages divers|Potages dyvers I]]'' (British Library, MS Harl. 279, c.1420) (Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books'' [EETS OS. 91] 1888, pp. 5-56) [https://archive.org/details/twofifteenthcent00austuoft/page/22/mode/2up p. 23] ("oystrys in bruette") * c. 1420 : [[Chiquardus]], ''[[Du fait de cuisine]]'' ([[Terentius Scully]], ed., "[https://doc.rero.ch/record/21865/files/I-N-268_1985_06_00.pdf?version=1 Du fait de cuisine par Maistre Chiquart, 1420]" in ''Vallesia'' [1985] pp. 101-231) * ante 1431 : [[Iohannes de Bockenheim]], ''[[Registrum coquinae]]'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10035736w/f66 MS BNF latin 7054] [https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1988_num_100_2_2987 Editio] * c. 1433 : [[Bertrandon de la Broquière]], ''Voyage d'outremer'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8449038d Liber manuscriptus] (Ch. Schefer, ed., ''Le voyage d'outremer de Bertrandon de La Broquière'' (Lutetiae, 1892) [https://archive.org/details/levoyagedoutreme00labruoft/page/130/mode/2up p. 130]) * 1433 : [[Ma Huan]], ''[[Mensura omnium Oceani litorum|Yingyai shenglan]]'' (J. V. G. Mills, interpr., ''Ying-yai Sheng-lan: 'The Overall Survey of the Ocean's Shores' [1433]'' [Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1970. [[Societas Hakluyt|Hakluyt Society]] ] [https://faculty.washington.edu/qing/huan_ying-yai_sheng-lan%5B1%5D.pdf Textus pp. 137-178] {{Google Books|DjQ9AAAAIAAJ|Paginae selectae}}) * 1430/1440 : [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] MS Harleianus 279 [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24790/24790-h/keruyng.html Textus] * c. 1440 : ''[[Potages divers|Potages dyvers II]]'' (British Library, MS Harl. 4016, c.1440) (Thomas Austin, ed., ''Two Fifteenth-Century Cookery Books'' [EETS OS. 91] 1888, pp. 69-107) [https://archive.org/details/twofifteenthcent00austuoft/page/100/mode/2up p. 100] ("oystres in gvey") * c. 1440 : ''[[Promptorium parvulorum]]'' (Albertus Way, ed., ''Promptorium parvulorum'' [Londinii: Societas Camdenensis, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/promptoriumparvu00camduoft/page/30/mode/2up p. 31]) * c. 1440 : ''[[Horae Catharinae Cliviensis]]'' [https://www.themorgan.org/collection/Hours-of-Catherine-of-Cleves/thumbs Textus] * c. 1450 : ''[[Vivendier]]'' ([[Terentius Scully|Terence Scully]], ''The Vivendier ... A critical edition with English translation''. Totnes: Prospect Books, 1997) * c. 1450 : ''An Ordinance of Pottage'' (MS. Yalensis Beinecke 163: Constance B. Hieatt, ed., ''An Ordinance of Pottage'' [Londinii: Prospect Books, 1988]) no. 32 ("conyngges in grave") * c. 1450 : {{ec|id=Savonarola|c=[[Michaël Savonarola]], ''Libreto de tutte le cosse che se magnano'' (ed. Jane Nystedt [Holmiae: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1988] p. 62) ("Fasse de farina lassagne, lassagnole, menudelli, dicti tri in medesina")}} * post 1467 : ''[[Noble Book of Cookery|A Noble Boke off Cookry]]'' (MS. Holkham 674) (Robina Napier, ed., ''A Noble Boke off Cookry ffor a prynce houssolde or eny other estately houssolde''. Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1882 [https://archive.org/details/b21529565 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/napier.txt recensio interretialis]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/c/cme/CME00005 recensio interretialis]); cf. 1500 * c. 1470 : {{ec|id=Martino|c=[[Martinus Comensis (magister coquinarius)|Maestro Martino]] (Gillian Riley, interpr., ''Maestro Martino: Libro de Arte Coquinaria'' (CD-ROM. Quercupoli: Octavo, 2005. ISBN 1-891788-83-3) p. 9 versionis Anglicae}} * c. 1480 : [[Bibliotheca Britannica|BL]] MS Harleianus 5401 (Constance B. Hieatt, "The Middle English Culinary Recipes in MS Harley 5401: an Edition and Commentary" in ''Medium Aevum'' vol. 65 (1996) pp. 54-71) [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/24790/24790-h/keruyng.html Textus] * saec. XV exeunte : ''[[Cuoco Napoletano]]'' (Terence Scully, [[Rudolphus Grewe|Rudolf Grewe]], edd., ''The Neapolitan Recipe Collection: Cuoco Napoletano'' (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2000) p. 41 {{Google Books|5p_bcD4uUMYC|Paginae selectae}} * c. 1500 : MS [[Bibliotheca universitatis Gandavensis|Gandavensis]] 476 (Ria Jansen-Sieben, Johanna Maria van Winter, edd., ''De keuken van de late Middeleeuwen. Een kookboek uit de Lage Landen''. Amstelodami: Bert Bakker, 1998) [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/jans016keuk01_01/jans016keuk01_01.pdf recensio interretialis]) == post Gutenberg == * 1473 : ''[[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|Liber Serapionis agregatus in medicinis simplicibus]]''. Mediolani [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0007/bsb00070094/images/index.html Textus]; Venetiis, 1479 [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00064401/images/index.html Textus] * 1474 : [[Matthaeus Silvaticus]], ''[[Liber pandectarum medicinae]]'' Bononiae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0006/bsb00069437/images/ Textus]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00073212/image_1 Argentorati 1480]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060727/image_1 Venetiis 1492]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060715/image_1 Venetiis 1498]; [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00060630/image_1 Venetiis 1499]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147814-6 Venetiis 1507]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11200086-7 Papiae 1508]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147815-2 Venetiis 1523]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147816-7 Taurinis 1526]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10147817-2 Venetiis 1540] * 1470/1475 : {{ec|id=Platina (1471?)|c=[[Bartholomaeus Platina]], ''[[De honesta voluptate et valetudine]]'' [https://archive.org/details/Platine-De-honesta-voluptate-et-valitudine-ad-amplissimum-ac-doctissimum-D-B-Rou-PHAIDRA_o_359459 editio sine anno] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00000024-001 editio 1475]}} * 1477 : [[Panthaleo de Conflentia]], ''[[Summa lacticiniorum|Summa lacticiniorum completa]]'' ([https://archive.org/details/GE0036C.C.470/page/n29/mode/1up editio 1508]) * c. 1477 : [[Robertus de Nola]], ''Libre del coch'' (vide 1520, 1525) * 1484 : ''[[Herbarius (Moguntiae, 1484)|Herbarius]]'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1484 : [[Avicenna]], ''[[Liber canonis medicinae]]'' {{GB|WE_d_srGiKUC|versio Latina 1484}} * 1485 : Ioannes de Cuba, ''[[Hortus sanitatis]]'' seu ''Gart der Gesundheit'' (vide hanc paginam) * 1487 : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''[[De diaetis universalibus et particularibus|De particularibus diaetis]]''. Patavii [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0007/bsb00070131/images/index.html Textus] * 1455/1488 : {{ec|id=Cadamustus|c=[[Aloisius Cadamustus]], ''Libro de la prima nauigatione per locceano a le terre de Nigri'' in [[Francanus Montalbodus|Fracanzano Montalboddo]], ed., ''Paesi novamente retrovati et nouo mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58988n Textus 1507 apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/paesinouamentere00frac Editio 1508 rursus impressa 1916] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1491 : [[Antonius Gazius]], ''Corona florida medicinae''. Venetiis, 1491 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k604578/ Textus aegre legibilis] [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000949-001/ editio 1534] [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000948-001 alia] * 1492 : [[Nicolaus Leonicenus]], ''De Plinii et aliorum in medicina erroribus''. Ferrariae [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0006/bsb00067914/images/index.html Textus] * ante 1493 : [[Hermolaus Barbarus]], ''Corollarium ad Dioscoridem in quinque Libros priores de materia Medica'' [http://alfama.sim.ucm.es/dioscorides/consulta_libro.asp?ref=X532556568] Liber IV, cpt.79 'De Mandragora' p.239r * 1493 : {{ec|id=Columbi ephemeris (1493)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Ephemeris primae navigationis a [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartholomaeo Casao]] rescripta, in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/152/mode/2up pp. 153-313]}} * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis|Epistola Hispanice scripta]]. Barcelona: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica: ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' [Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893] {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}}) (La Española: "En esta ay muchas especierias, y grandes minas de oro y de otros metales"; "que pueden ver sus Altezas q[ue] yo les dare oro quanto ovieren menester, con muy poquita ayuda que sus Altezas me daran; agora [e]speciaria y algodon quanto sus Altezas mandaran cargar, y almastica quanta mandaran cargar e de la qual fasta [h]oy no se ha fallado salvo en Grecia en la ysla de Xio, y el Senorio la vende como quiere; y lignumaloe quanto mandaran cargar, y esclavos quantos mandaran cargar, y seran de los ydolatras; y creo haver fallado ruybarbo y canela") * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, "''[[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]]''": versio Latina eodem anno plurimis editionibus divulgata; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/4723066 editio Basiliensis]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/02005687/ alia]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/46031077/ editio Romana] (vide Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966) * 1493-1505 : {{ec|id=Columbi epistulae (1493-1505)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Epistulae de navigationibus in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 1 (Matriti, 1825) [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000052618 Textus] (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/details/coleccindelosv01nava Textus]}} * 1493-1503 : {{ec|id=Columbi liber copiarum (1493-1503)|c=[[Christophorus Columbus]], Epistulae ineditae in Antonio Rumeu de Armas, ed., ''Libro copiador de Cristóbal Colón: correspondencia inédita con los Reyes Católicos sobre los viajes a América'' (Matriti, 1989) [[:es:Libro copiador de Colón#Enlaces externos|Editiones interretiales]]}} * 1494 : {{ec|id=Chanca (1494)|c=[[Didacus Álvarez Chanca]], Epistula de secunda navigatione Christophori Columbi in Martín Fernández de Navarrete, ed., ''Coleccion de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 1 (Matriti: Imprenta Real) pp. 198-224 ([http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000052618 imagines 362-388]; (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/346/mode/2up pp. 347-372]; versio Anglica: A. M. Fernandez de Ybarra, "[https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/26153 The letter of Dr. Diego Alvarez Chanca, dated 1494, relating to the second voyage of Columbus to America (being the first written document on the natural history, ethnography and ethnology of America)]" in ''Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' vol. 48 (1907) pp. 428-457}} * 1494-1530 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[De orbe novo decades]]'' lib. 5 cap. 9 [https://archive.org/stream/deorbenouopetrim00angh#page/n173/mode/2up f. 83r]}} * 1495 : [[Michael de Cuneo]], "De novitatibus insularum Oceani Hesperii repertarum a don Christoforo Columbo Genuensi" (Guglielmo Berchet, ed., ''Narrazioni sincrone'' [''Raccolta di Documenti e studi della R. Commissione Colombiana'' 2 iii. Romae, 1893] {{Google Books|bElEAQAAMAAJ|pp. 95-107}}) (p. 100: "Ne le dicte isole sono ancora costi como rosa, chi fano il fructo longo como caniglie, piene d'una graneta mordente como il pepe: li dictiCamballi et Indiani lo mangiano como nuy le pome") * 1497 : ''Practica [[Ioannes Serapio|Jo. Serapionis]] dicta Breviarium; Liber Serapionis [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|de simplici medicina]]; Liber de simplici medicina dicta [[Circa instans]]; Practica [[Matthaeus Platearius|Platearii]]''. Venetiis: mandato Octaviani Scoti per Bonetum Locatellum [http://beta.biblissima.fr/ark:/43093/edataaed898ad32478b39e3ed4c0ff68f7a0597ab9fc4 Textus] [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00061068/images/index.html Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58567k Textus] * 1497 : [[Ioannes Michael Savonarola]],''Practica medicinae''. Venetiis: mandato Octaviani Scoti per Bonetum Locatellum [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0006/bsb00061120/images/index.html] * 1499 : [[Polydorus Vergilius]], ''De inventoribus rerum libri tres'' {{Google Books|LEg8AAAAcAAJ|editio Veneta 1503}} (cf. 1521) * c. 1500 : {{ec|id=Nimmatnama|c=''{{Creanda|en|Nimmatnama-i-Nasiruddin-Shahi}}'' (Norah M. Titley, ed. et interpr., ''The Ni'matnama Manuscript of the Sultans of Mandu: The Sultan's Book of Delights'' [Londinii: Routledge, 2004] {{Google Books|LGp_AgAAQBAJ|Fragmentum}})}} * 1500 : ''[[Noble Book of Cookery|A Noble Boke off Cookry]]''. Londinii: Richard Pynson, 1500; cf. 1467 == 1501-1550 == * saec. 16 : Kṣemaśarmā, ''Kṣemakutūhalam'' (R. Shankar, interpr. Bengaluri, 2009) * saec. 16 : Lolimbarāja, ''Vaidyajivana'' (Nirmal Saxena, interpr. 2000 [https://www.vedicbooks.net/vaidya-jivana-lolimbaraja-p-14132.html De hoc libro]) * saec. 16 : ''The Image of Hypocrisy'' (F. J. Furnivall, ed., ''Ballads from Manuscripts'' vol. 1 [1868] p. 218) * saec. 16 ineunte: ''Libro dei segreti galanti'' (Olindo Guerrini, ed., ''Ricettario galante del principio del secolo xvi'' [Bononiae: Gaetano Romagnoli, 1883] {{Google Books|y6YFAAAAQAAJ}}) * 1502 : Benjamin F. Stevens, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: his own book of privileges''. Londinii, 1893 [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1503 : [[Americus Vesputius|Albericus Vespuccius]]; Ioannes Iocundus, interpr., ''Mundus novus'' [https://archive.org/details/mundusnouus00vesp Editio 1504] (Augustae Vindelicae: Iohannes Otmar) apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1506/1508 : [[Eduardus Pacheco Pereira|Duarte Pacheco Pereira]]; Raphael Eduardo de Azevedo Basto, ed., ''Esmeraldo de situ orbis'' (Olisipone, 1892) [http://purl.pt/28964/1/index.html#/112-113/html pp. 57-58] [https://archive.org/details/esmeraldodesituorbisporduartepachecopereira/page/n95/mode/2up p. 52] * c. 1508 : [[Maṅgarāsa III]], ''Sūpaśastra'' (Madhukar Konantambigi, interpr., ''Culinary Traditions of Medieval Karnataka: the Soopa Shastra of Mangarasa III'' (Dellii, 2012) * 1508 : {{ec|id=Madrignanus (1508)|c=Archangelus Madrignanus, interpr.; Francanus Montalbodus, ed., ''Itinerarium Portugallensium e Lusitania in Indiam et inde in occidentem et demum ad aquilonem'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OEBMA3dMZcMC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1508 : [[Ioannes Bourdichon]], picturae botanicae ''[[Horae Annae Britanniae|horarum Annae Britanniae]]'' (manuscriptum, 1503-1508) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b52500984v/f344.image f. 168r] * 1511 : [[Aegidius Gallus]], ''De viridario Augustini Chigii'' [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23973712 Editio 1989] * 1511 : [[Nicolaus de la Chesnaye|Nicole de la Chesnaye]], ''La Condamnacion de bancquet''. Lutetiae, 1511 (P. L. Jacob, ed., ''Recueil de farces, soties et moralités du quinzième siècle'' [Lutetiae, 1859] pp. 269-454 ad p. 310) ("Tout premier vous sera donnée Saulce robert et cameline ...") [https://archive.org/details/RecueilFarcesSotiesJacob1876/ aliud exemplar] * 1512 : {{ec|id=Nicolaus (1512)|c=[[Nicolaus Myrepsus]], ''Dispensarium''. Lugduni: Constantinus Fradin {{Google Books|goJVAAAAcAAJ|f. 2v et passim}}}} * 1512 : [[Blosius Palladius]], ''Suburbanum Augustini Chisii'' {{Google Books|ipNWAAAAcAAJ}} * 1515 : [[Isaac Iudaeus]], ''Omnia opera Ysaac''. Lugduni [https://archive.org/details/1856324.med.yale.edu Textus] * ante 1516 : [[Eduardus Barbosa|Duarte Barbosa]] ''Livro de Duarte Barbosa'' in ''Collecção de noticias para a historia e geografia das nações ultramarinas'' vol. 2 no. 7 (Olisipone, 1813) [https://archive.org/details/collecodenot10lisb/page/n287 Textus] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=nyp.33433082405238;view=1up;seq=287 alius]; Augusto Reis Machado, ed., ''Livro em que dá relação do que viu e ouviu no Oriente''. Olisipone, 1946 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090303053302/http://purl.pt/435 Textus] * 1516 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr., ''Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de medicinali materia libri quinque De virulentis animalibus, et venenis canerabioso, et corum notis, ac remediis libri quattuor. Joanne Ruellio Suessionensi interprete''. Lutetiae apud [[Henricus Stephanus|Henricum Stephanum]] {{Ling|Latine}} [http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?00815 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/dioscoridislibr00ruelgoog Editio bilinguis 1549] [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00011921/image_5 Editio cum aliorum adnotationibus 1549] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003467922 Editio 1552] * 1518 : [[Ioannes Nannius Utinensis]], picturae botanicae [[porticus Amoris et Psychae]] in [[viridarium Augustini Chigii|viridarii Augustini Chigii]] [https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/udine/ quaere speciem no. 68] * 1519-1544 : [[Ferdinandus Cortesius]], Epistulae, in Pascual de Gayangos, ed., ''Cartas y relaciones de Hernan Cortés al emperador Carlos V''. Lutetiae, 1866 [https://archive.org/details/gri_cartasyrelac00cort Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|e7IGAAAAQAAJ}} * post 1519 : {{ec|id=Relazione (post 1519)|c= "[[Relatione di alcune cose della Nuova Spagna e della gran città di Temestitan Messico]]" in [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis, 1550-1559) vol. 3 [https://archive.org/details/terzovolumedelle32ramu/page/n691/mode/2up ff. 304v-310r] [https://archive.org/stream/dellenavigationi00ramu#page/n595/mode/2up ff. 254r-259r editionis 1606] }} * 1480/1520 : [[Eustathius de la Fosse|Eustache de la Fosse]]; R. Fourché-Delbosc, ed., "Voyage à la côte occidentale d'Afrique" in ''Revue hispanique'' vol. 4 (1897) [https://archive.org/details/revuehispaniquer04hispuoft/page/174/mode/2up pp. 174-201] * 1520 : {{ec|id=Robertus (1520)|c=[[Robertus de Nola]], ''[[Libre del coch|Libre de doctrina per a ben servir, de tallar, y del art de coch]]''. Barcinone, 1520 {{Google Books|rF-PPdZ_SjIC}} [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/libre-de-doctrina-per-a-ben-servir-de-tallar-y-del-art-de-coch--1/html/ series paginarum]; [[:File:Llibre del Coch (1520).djvu|alibi]]; [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra-visor/libre-de-doctrina-per-a-ben-servir-de-tallar-y-del-art-de-coch-transcripcio--0/html/ff1e2444-82b1-11df-acc7-002185ce6064_2.html#I_211_ recensio interretialis] {{Google Books|xO85L2pjvDgC|editio 1568}}}} * 1521 : [[Polydorus Vergilius]], ''Adagiorum liber ... De inventoribus rerum libri octo''. Basileae: Frobenius {{Google Books|vs9WAAAAcAAJ}} * 1521? : ''Le Grant Herbier''. Lutetiae: Jehan Petit {{Google Books|S8diL-Kn7qQC}} * 1524 : [[Paulus Iovius]], ''[[De Romanis piscibus libellus]]''. Romae: F.M. Calvo [http://archive.org/details/pauliiouiinouoco00giov Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|yW08AAAAcAAJ|ed. 1527 titulo ''De piscibus marinis ...''}} {{Google Books|yzBOAAAAcAAJ|ed. 1531}}; Carlo Zancaruolo, interpr., ''Libro ... de' pesci romani''. Venetiis, 1560 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_9O5eSH2-bTgC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/depesciromani00giov Textus] * 1525 : {{ec|id=Robertus (1525)|c=[[Robertus de Nola]], ''[[Libre del coch|Libro de cozina]]''. Toleti: Ramon de Petras, 1525 {{Ling|Hispanice}} [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000061324 Textus]}} * 1526 : {{ec|id=Oviedo (1526)|c=[[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''Dela natural hystoria delas Indias''. Toleti [https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7331/view/1/1/ Textus] [[:Fasciculus:About the Natural History of the Indies WDL7331.pdf|textus]]}} * 1529 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr.; [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ed., ''P. Dioscoridae pharmacorum simplicium reique medicae libri VIII'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817921 Textus] * circa 1530 : [[Toribius Motolinia]], ''Historia de los Indios de la Nueva España'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiadelosind00moto#page/192/mode/2up pp. 193-194 editionis 1914] etc. * 1530 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ''Herbarum vivae eicones'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003125165 Textus] * 1531 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ed., ''... Ioan. Serapionis Arabis [[De simplici medicina (Serapio)|De simplicibus medicinis]] opus praeclarum et ingens, Averrois Arabis de eisdem liber eximius, Rasis filii Zachariae de eisdem opusculum perutile, incerti item autoris de centaureo libellus hactenus Galeno inscriptus ...'' Argentorati: Georgius Ulricher [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818200 Textus] * 1533 (interpres) : ''Ex Aeliani Historia per Petrum Gyllium latini facti, itemque ex Porphyrio, Heliodoro, Oppiano, tum eodem Gyllio luculentis accessionibus aucti libri XVI de vi et natura animalium; eiusdem Gyllii liber unus de gallicis et latinis nominibus piscium''. Lugduni: apud Sebastianum Gryphium [https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/title/BV004256028 apud Monacenses] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9905508 editio 1535 apud gallica] * 1533 : "Liber summarius de Gallicis et Latinis nominibus piscium Massiliensium" in [[Petrus Gyllius]], interpr., ''Ex Aeliani historia per Petrvm Gyllivm latini facti'' (Lugduni: apud Seb. Gryphium, 1533) [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11216933?page=578 pp. 546-598] * 1533 : ''Tacuini sanitatis Elluchasem Elimithar; Albengnefit De virtutibus medicinarum et ciborum; Iac. Alkindus De rerum gradibus''. Argentorati: apud Ioannem Schottum [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10197837-7 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1534 : [[Otho Brunfelsius]], ''Kreüterbuch contrafayt'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811650 Textus] * 1534 : [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]],''[[Gargantua (Rabelaesus)|La Vie très horrificque du grand Gargantua]]'' (Lugduni) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8609586k/f21 cap. 4] * post 1534 : ''Prima relatione di Iacques Carthier della Terra nuoua detta la Nuoua Francia, trouata nell'anno 1534'' in [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis, 1550-1559) vol. 3 [https://archive.org/stream/dellenauigationi03ramu#page/n809/mode/2up Textus editionis 1606 apud ''Internet Archive''] * c. 1535 : Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman ([[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The life and acts of Don Alonzo Enriquez de Guzman, a knight of Seville, of the Order of Santiago, A.D. 1518 to 1543'' [London: Hakluyt Society, 1862] [https://archive.org/details/lifeactsofdonalo00enr/page/90/mode/2up pp. 91], 97) * 1535 : [[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''Historia general de las Indias'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000819539 Textus] * c. 1536 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus]], ''''Apologética historia sumaria'' in M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' (Matriti: Bailly-Baillière, 1909) [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei01serr vol. 1] * 1536 : ''Constantini Africani ... opera''. Basileae [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140123-5 Textus] * 1536 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], ''De natura stirpium libri III''. 1536 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1520724r Editio Basileensis 1537] apud Gallica * 1536 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[De re hortensi libellus]]'' * 1537 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[Vinetum (Stephanus)|Vinetum]]'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00003077-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1538 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Sylva, frutetum, collis'' {{Google Books|K5nY6jwUeF4C}} * 1538 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Arbustum, fonticulus, spinetum'' {{Google Books|OjM6AAAAcAAJ}} * c. 1539 : ''[[Livre de cuisine très utile et profitable|Livre de cuysine tres utille et prouffitable]]'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105020786/f107 f. 41r] ("saulce barbe robert") * 1539 : [[Antonius Gazius]], ''De vino et cerevisia tractatio'' {{Google Books|lGFWAAAAcAAJ|editio 1546 ad finem libri}} {{Google Books|-_9mAAAAcAAJ|editio 1549 ad finem libri}} * 1539 : {{ec|id=Bock (1539)|c=[[Hieronymus Bock]], ''[[Kreutterbuch (Bock)|New Kreütter Buch]]'' [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11069345_00590.html pars 2 f. 86v]; eiusdem ''Kreüterbuch'' (1546) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000815859 Textus]; eiusdem ''Kreüterbuch'' (1551) [https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&bandnummer=bsb00091270&pimage=741 ff. 350r-351r]; eiusdem ''Kreutterbuch'' (1560) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000820529#page/n725/mode/2up ff. 342-344]}} * circa 1540 : {{ec|id=Codex Tudela|c=''[[Codex Tudela]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1530/1554) [http://ceres.mcu.es/pages/Viewer?accion=4&Museo=MAM&AMuseo=MAM&Ninv=70400&txt_id_imagen=4&txt_rotar=0&txt_contraste=0 f. 3r]}} * 1540 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Seminarium'' {{Google Books|xjsPAAAAQAAJ}} * 1541 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historia plantarum ...'' [https://archive.org/details/historiaplantar00gess Textus] * ante 1542 : ''[[Codex Mendoza]]'' (liber pictus, c. 1534/1542) f. 51v-52r etc.; cf. Frances Berdan, Patricia Anawalt, ''The Essential Codex Mendoza'' (Berkeleiae, 1997) pp. 132-133 etc. * 1542 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]], ''[[Brevissima relación (Casaus)|Brevissima relación de la destruyción de las Indias]]'' (Hispali, 1552) [http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/17058 Textus] [http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000172864&page=1 Versio Latina 1614] * 1542 : {{ec|id=Fuchsius (1542)|c=[[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ''[[De historia stirpium commentarii insignes]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/Dehistoriastirp00Fuch#page/730/mode/2up pp. 731-735]; editio altera (1549), [http://books.google.com/books?id=3fWFctV3hWIC&pg=PT574&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_0#PPT545,M1 cpt. 203 'De malis insanis']}} * 1542 : [[Andreas Boorde|Andrew Boorde]], ''[[A Compendious Regiment|A Compendyous Regyment or a Dyetary of Helth]]''; [https://llds.ling-phil.ox.ac.uk/llds/xmlui/bitstream/handle/20.500.14106/A16467/A16467.html recensio interretialis] ([[Fridericus Iacobus Furnivall|F. J. Furnivall]], ed., ''The fyrst boke of the introduction of knowledge, made by Andrew Borde, of physycke doctor; a compendyous regiment ...'' (Londinii, 1870) [https://archive.org/details/fyrstbokeofintro00boorrich/page/222/mode/2up p. 223 ff.] * post 1542 : [[Casparus de Carvajal]], ''Relación del nuevo descubrimiento del famoso Río Grande'' in José Toribio Medina, ed., ''Descubrimiento del río de las Amazonas según la relación de ... Gaspar de Carvajal'' (Hispali: E. Rasco, 1894) [https://archive.org/details/raha_103310 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1543 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''Pratum, lacus, arundinetum'' {{Google Books|ul46AAAAcAAJ}} * ante 1544 : {{ec|id=Cordus (ante 1544)|c=[[Valerius Cordus]]; [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed., ''Annotationes in Dioscoridis; Historiae stirpium libri IV [etc.]''. 1561 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8036#/summary Textus]}} * 1544 : [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Di Pedacio Dioscoride libri cinque]]'' [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-pos-0000072-001 Mantuae 1549], longius in editione 1573 {{Google Books|w8JCAAAAcAAJ|p. 689}} * 1544 : {{ec|id=Turnerus (1544)|c= [[Guilielmus Turnerus]], ''Avium praecipuarum, quarum apud Plinium et Aristotelem mentio est, brevis et succincta historia''. Coloniae {{Google Books|s106AAAAcAAJ}} [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10209029?page=66 sig. E1 v] }} ("Duplo fere superiore [i.e. alauda] minus est, et rostro tenui, et carne longe suavissima") * 1545 : ''[[A Proper New Book of Cookery|A Propre New Booke of Cokerye]]''. Londinii: Richard Lant & Richarde Bankes [http://www.uni-giessen.de/gloning/tx/bookecok.htm editio interretialis]; cf. 1575 * 1546 : [[Pasqualis de Andagoya|Pascual de Andagoya]], "Relación de los sucesos de Pedrarias Dávila" (Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 3. Matriti, 1829 {{Google Books|jwBj2Rcq_hQC|pp. 393-459}}; [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''Narrative of the proceedings of Pedrarias Davila in the provinces of Tierra Firme or Castilla del Oro'' [Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1865] [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofproce00anda textus] ("This valley and district of Popayan is very beautiful and fertile. The provisions are maize, and certain roots called ''papas'' which are like chestnuts, and other roots like turnips, besides many fruits. But their chief provision is the wine which they make from maize in that land. It is made from a kind of maize called ''niorocho'', a very small hard grain, which is reaped two months after sowing. They also make very good bread of it, and wine, honey, oil, and vinegar. In all the provinces of this government they have these provisions, and in some of them they also have ''aji'' and ''yucas'' ... They make ''chicha''") * 1547? : [[Valerius Cordus]], ''Pharmacorum conficiendorum ratio. Vulgo uocant Dispensatorium''. Norimbergae {{Google Books|2NBaAAAAcAAJ}} * post 1547 : ''[[Livre de cuisine très utile et profitable|Le grant cuysinier de toute cuysine tres utille et proffitable]]'' {{Google Books|M2MgN7-H1c0C|ff. 48v-49r}} ("saulce barbe robert") * 1548 : [[Petrus de Medina|Pedro de Medina]], ''Libro de grandezas y Cosas memorables de Espana''. Matriti {{Google Books|Uh9JAAAAcAAJ}} [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009300157 editio 1595] * 1548 : {{ec|id=Turner (1548)|c=[[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''The Names of Herbes in Greke, Latin, Englishe, Duch and Frenche''. Londinii: John Day, 1548 {{Google Books|quQql5HMlmAC}}}} * 1549 : [[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ''Plantarum effigies'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812732 Textus] * 1549 : [[Leonhartus Fuchsius]], ed., ''[[Antidotarium|Nicolai Myrepsi Alexandrini medicamentorum opus ... a Leonharto Fuchsio medico ... recens conversum]]''. Basileae: apud Io. Oporinum, 1549 {{Google Books|EN5aAAAAcAAJ}} * 1549 : [[Christophorus de Messisbugo]], ''[[Banchetti (Messisbugo)|Banchetti]]'' (1549) {{Google Books|J9g2AQAAMAAJ}} (cf. 1564) * 1550 : [[Hieronymus Cardanus]], ''De subtilitate'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Tmf3wRsurVsC/page/n235 pp. 197-198] * 1550 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[De nutrimentis (Stephanus)|De nutrimentis ad Baillyum libri tres]]''. Lutetiae, 1550 [http://www.archive.org/details/carolistephanide00esti Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1550 : Eucharius Roeslin, ''Kreuterbuch'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818796 Textus] * 1550 : [[Georgius Vasarius|Giorgio Vasari]], ''Le vite de piu eccellenti architetti, pittori, et scvltori italiani''. Florentiae [https://archive.org/details/gri_vitedepivecc01vasa Partes 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/gri_vitedepivecc03vasa Pars 3] * 1550-1559 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius|Giovanni Battista Ramusio]], ed., ''[[Navigationi et viaggi (Ramusius)|Navigationi et viaggi]]'' (Venetiis) == 1551-1600 == * 1551 : {{ec|id=Turner (1551)|c= [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|A New Herball]]'' (Londinii: Steven Mierdman) sig. Evi {{Google Books|_QZfAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0002/page/n87/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001/page/n111/mode/2up alius] }} ("pillotes") * 1551 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''L'Histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins''. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lhistoirenaturel00belo Textus][http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86083054 Textus apud gallica] * 1551 : [[Helius Eobanus Hessus]], ''[[De tuenda bona valetudine]]'' (1551) {{Google Books|SWZWAAAAcAAJ|f. 40v}} * 1551 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber I'' [https://archive.org/details/ConradiGesnerimIGess Textus] * 1551 : [[Ioannes de Betanzos|Juan de Betanzos]], ''Suma y narración de los Incas'' (Márcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed. Matriti, 1880) {{Google Books|nCjCRf0XeAcC|p. 75}}; [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/25705 Recensio interretialis] apud inceptum Gutenberg ("... que en la ciudad del Cuzco hubiese depósitos de todas comidas, ansí de maíz como de aji y frísoles é chochos, y chichas y quínua, y carnes secas ...") * 1551-1555 : [[Adamus Lonicer]], ''Naturalis historiae opus novum'', lemma [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/lonitzer/loni1/jpg/s075a.html 'mala insana'] * 1551-1561 : [[Ferdinandus Lopes de Castanheda]], ''[[História do descobrimento e conquista da Índia pelos Portugueses]]'' voll. {{GB|yBwPAAAAYAAJ|1}}, {{GB|mxwPAAAAYAAJ|2}}, {{GB|cSMPAAAAYAAJ|3}}, {{GB|kcMNAAAAYAAJ|4-5}}, {{GB|RTsNAAAAYAAJ|6}}, {{GB|JzsNAAAAYAAJ|7}}, {{Google Books|kxQNAAAAYAAJ|8}} * 1552 : Theodorus Gaza, interpr., ''Theophrasti ... De historia plantarum'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811833 Textus] * 1552 : [[Hieronymus Bock|Hieronymus Tragus]], ''De stirpium maxime earum quae in Germania nostra nascuntur ... commentariorum libri tres'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nDCPb-dIeqYC Textus] * 1552 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''De frugum historia''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810710 Textus] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7103#/summary Textus] * 1552 : [[Franciscus López de Gómara|Francisco López de Gómara]], ''La istoria de las Indias y conquista de Mexico'' (Caesaraugustae: Agustín Millan, 1552) [https://archive.org/details/laistoriadelasin00lpez/page/n33/mode/2up f. 12r] * 1552 : [[Martinus de la Cruz]]; [[Ioannes Badianus]], interpr., ''[[Libellus de medicinalibus Indorum herbis]]'' [https://www.academia.edu/2777939/Libellus_de_Medicinalibus_Indorum_Herbis_Digital_facsimile_ f. 13v] * 1552 : [[Ioannes Ruellius]], interpr., ''Pedanii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medicinali materia'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003467922 Textus] * 1552 : [[Franciscus López de Gómara]], ''La istoria de las Indias y conquista de Mexico''. Caesaraugustae: Agustín Millán; [https://archive.org/details/laistoriadelasin00lpez/ textus]; [https://archive.org/details/laconquistademex00lpez alia impressio?] ** 1554 : editio Antverpiae: Martin Nucio, duobus voluminibus divisa, titulo ''La historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua01lpez textus]) et ''La segunda parte dela Historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/lahistoriagenera00lpez_0 textus]) ** 1554 : alia editio Antverpiae: Juan Bellero, duobus voluminibus divisa, titulis ''La historia general delas Indias'' ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BxndFvtar-QC textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lahistoriagenera00lope alius]) et ''Historia de Mexico'' ([https://archive.org/details/historiademexico00lpez textus]) ** 1554 : alia editio Antverpiae: Juan Steelsio, volumen titulo ''Historia de Mexico''; [https://archive.org/details/historiademexico01lpez textus] ** 1554 : nova editio Caesaraugustana, titulo ''Cronica de la Nueva España con la conquista de Mexico''. Caesaraugustae; [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua01lpez textus] ** 1555 : tertia editio Caesaraugustana, duobus voluminibus divisa: volumen titulo ''La historia general delas Indias''; [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueua00lpez textus]* 1552-1570 : [[Ioannes de Barros|João de Barros]], ''[[Décadas da Ásia]]'' (Olisipone) [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate00barr 1] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate01barr 2] [http://archive.org/details/decadaprimeirate02barr 3] editionis 1628 {{Google Books|8-cJZzoi77kC|4 [editio 1615]}} * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''[[Observationes (Bellonius)|Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Judée, Égypte, Arabie et autres pays estranges]]''. Lutetiae. [https://archive.org/details/gri_observations00belo Textus apud archive.org] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k53619s Textus apud gallica] [https://archive.org/details/obseruationsdep00belo apud Smithsonianum] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''[[De arboribus coniferis resiniferis|De arboribus coniferis resiniferis, aliis quoque nonnullis sempiterna fronde virentibus]]'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8608304q Textus apud gallica] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De admirabili operum antiquorum et rerum suspiciendarum praestantia liber primus. De medicato funere seu cadavere condito et lugubri defunctorum ejulatione liber secundus. De medicamentis nonnullis servandi cadaveris vim obtinentibus liber tertius'' [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86083039 Textus apud gallica] * 1553 : [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De aquatilibus libri duo cum iconibus ad vivam ipsorum effigiem quoad ejus fieri potuit expressis''. Lutetiae: Ch. Estienne [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/5765#/summary Textus apud Biodiversity Library] * 1553 : {{ec|id=Amatus (1553)|c=[[Amatus Lusitanus]], ''In Dioscoridis Anazarbei de materia medica libros quinque enarrationes eruditissimae'' (Venetiis, 1553) lib. 3 no. 78 {{Google Books|5Eo8AAAAcAAJ}} }}([https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?do=page&cote=07759&p=334 p. 322] editionis 1557) {{Google Books|FoWjfrJFmd0C|editio 1558}} * 1553 : [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Pedro de Cieza de León]], ''[[Chronica del Peru|Parte primera dela chronica del Peru]]'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553) [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' (Clements Markham, interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864) [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/page/232/mode/2up p. 232 in nota subiuncta] * circa 1553 : [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Pedro de Cieza de León]], ''[[Chronica del Peru|Las guerras civiles Peruanas]]'' in Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Obras completas'' (Matriti, 1984-1985) cf. preceding * 1553 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1553)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Trium priorum De stirpium historia commentariorum imagines'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7109#/summary Textus] {{Google Books|RCo6AAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1554 : [[Carolus Stephanus]], ''[[Praedium rusticum]]'' * 1554 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1554)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Commentarii'' [https://archive.org/stream/petriandreaematt00matt#page/536/mode/2up ed. 1558]; [https://archive.org/details/petriandreaemat00matt ed. 1560]; [https://archive.org/details/PetriAndreaMatt00Matt ed. 1565]; {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1574)|c=longius editione 1574 [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819257#page/759/mode/2up lib. 4 cap. 71]}}}} * 1554 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1554)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Posteriorum trium De stirpium historia commentariorum imagines'' {{Google Books|fCo6AAAAcAAJ|pp. 181-183}}}} * 1554 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Appendix historiae quadrupedum'' [https://archive.org/details/AppendixhistoriIIIAGess Textus] * 1554 : [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]], ''[[De piscibus marinis (Rondeletius)|De piscibus marinis]], libri XVIII, in quibus verae piscium effigies expressae sunt''. Lugduni: apud Matthiam Bonhomme. Insunt: "De testaceis libri II", "De insectis et zoophytis liber", "De piscibus stagni marini liber", "De piscibus lacustribus liber", "De piscibus fluviatilibus liber", "De palustribus liber", "De amphibiis liber" [https://archive.org/details/gvlielmirondelet00rond Textus apud archive.org] [https://archive.org/details/GulielmiRondele00Rond alius]; Versio Francogallica a [[Laurentius Ioubertus|Laurent Joubert]] facta: ''L'Histoire entiere des poissons, composee premierement en Latin par Maistre Guillaume Rondelet ... maintenant traduites en françois. Avec leurs pourtraits au naïf''. Lugduni, 1558 [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86261840 Textus apud Gallica] * 1554 : [[Hippolytus Salvianus]], ''Aquatilium animalium historiae'' [https://archive.org/details/Aquatiliumanima00Salv Textus] * 1554 : [[Andreas Lacuna Segobiensis]], ''Annotationes in Dioscoridem Anazarbeum ... iuxta vetustissimorum codicum fidem elaboratae''. Lugduni, 1554 [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10313120-9 vide p. 827 huius exemplaris] {{Google Books|Lvw8AAAAcAAJ|Vide fasciculum alterum huius exemplaris}} * 1554 : {{ec|id=Pontormo|c=[[Iacobus de Pontormo]], Ephemeris (''Diario: Codice Magliabechiano VIII 1490 della Biblioteca nazionale centrale di Firenze: autografo di Jacopo da Montormo'' [Romae: Salerno, 1996. ISBN 9788884022035]; cf. Francesco Maggini, "[https://archive.org/details/giornalestoricod63toriuoft/page/300/mode/2up Il diario del Pontormo]" in ''Giornale storico della letteratura italiana'' vol. 63 [1883] pp. 301-305; ''[https://www.pitturaomnia.com/pitturaomnia_0000e9.htm Il diario del Pontormo]''; "[https://www.frammentiarte.it/2016/0-pontormo-diario/ Il diario di Pontormo]" apud ''Frammenti Arte''; Maurizia Tazartes, "[https://www.ilgiornaleoff.it/2017/11/10/e-la-sera-cenai-uno-pesce-d-uovo-nel-suo-diario-il-pontormo-ci-racconta/ “E la sera cenai uno pesce d’uovo”: vita d’ogni dì del Pontormo]" (10 Novembris 2017) apud ''Il giornale OFF'')}} * 1555 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber III, qui est de avium natura''. Tiguri: apud Christoph. Froschoverum, 1555 [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/zoom/2120017 textus] apud e-Rara * 1555 : [[Simon Grynaeus]], praef., ''[[Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum]]''. Basileae: Hervagius, 1555 [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10140943?page=1 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1555: [[Andreas Lacuna Segobiensis]], interpr., ''Pedacio Dioscorides Anazarbeo Acerca de la materia medicinal y de los venenos mortiferos''. Antverpiae {{Ling|Hispanice}} {{Google Books|hG0rnSNIDykC}} [http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10632/ Exemplar manu tinctum] apud ''World Digital Library'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000404-001 Editio Salmanticensis 1566] apud archive.org {{Google Books|xzxnLxvzvHUC|Editio Salmanticensis 1570}} * 1555 : [[Gulielmus Rondeletius]], ''Universae aquatilium historiae pars altera, cum veris ipsorum imaginibus'' [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140050-0 Textus] apud Monacenses [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97272x.image apud Gallica] {{Google Books|lKNCAAAAcAAJ}} * 1555 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''La nature et diversité des poissons, avec leurs pourtraictz représentez au plus près du naturel''. Lutetiae: Ch. Estienne [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b550056516 Textus apud gallica] * 1555 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''L'Histoire de la nature des oyseaux, avec leurs descriptions et naïfs portraicts retirez du naturel'' [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001828-001 Textus apud archive.org] [http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?do=livre&cote=00907 Textus apud BiuSante] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8608302w Textus apud gallica] * 1555 : ''[[Livre fort excellent de cuisine|Livre fort excellent de cuysine tres utille et proffitable]]''. Lugduni: Arnoullet, 1555 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626163t Textus] apud Gallica * 1555 : [[Alphonsus de Molina|Alonso de Molina]], ''Aqui comiença un vocabulario enla lengua castellana y mexicana'' (Mexicopoli: Iuan Pablos) [https://archive.org/details/aquicomienavnvoc00moli/page/n75/mode/2up ff. 30r], [https://archive.org/details/aquicomienavnvoc00moli/page/n409/mode/2up 196v] * 1556 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''De piscibus et aquatilibus omnibus libelli III novi''. Tiguri [https://www.e-rara.ch/doi/10.3931/e-rara-4928 Textus]; alio titulo ''[[Publius Ovidius Naso|Ovidii]] Halieuticon, hoc est, De piscibus libellus; accedit Aquatilium animantium enumeratio iuxta Plinium'' [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/215501 Textus] apud ''e-Rara'' * 1526/1557 : {{ec|id=Oviedo (ante 1557)|c=[[Gundisalvus Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés|Gonzalo Fernandez de Oviedo y Valdés]], ''[[Historia general y natural de las Indias, islas y tierra-firme del mar Océano]]'' (José Amador de los Rios, ed. 4 voll. Matriti: Real Academia de la Historia, 1851-1855 [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125007267921 Pars 1] [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125007267988 Pars 2 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historiageneral02fernguat pars 2 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/historiageneral04fernguat Pars 3]}} * 1557 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1557)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus|Rembert Dodoëns]]; [[Carolus Clusius|Charles de l'Escluse]], interpr., ''Histoire des plantes'' [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00000412-001#page/n470/mode/2up pp. 441-442]}} * 1557 : [[Iulius Caesar Scaliger]], ''Exotericarum exercitationum liber quintus decimus, de subtilitate, ad Hieronymum Cardanum''. 1557 {{Google Books|LB88AAAAcAAJ}} * 1557 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''Portraicts d’oyseaux, animaux, serpens, herbes, arbres, hommes et femmes d’Arabie et d'Égypte''. Lutetiae [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k85310z Textus apud gallica] [http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?do=livre&cote=07744 Textus apud biuSante] * 1557 : [[Ioannes Stadius|Hans Staden]], ''Warhaftige Historia und Beschreibung eyner Landtschafft der wilden, nacketen, grimmigen menschfresser Leuthen in der Newenwelt America gelegen''. Marburgiae [https://archive.org/details/staden Textus] [https://www.deutschestextarchiv.de/book/view/staden_landschafft_1557 alibi]; [https://archive.org/details/americaetertiapa00stad/page/108/mode/2up p. 109 versionis Latinae] * 1557 : ''Relaçam verdadeira dos trabalhos que ho governador dom Fernando de Souto y certos fidalgos portugueses passarom no descobrimento da provincia da Frolida''. Eborae: Andrés de Burgos; [https://archive.org/details/virginiarichlyva00knig Versio Anglica 1609][https://archive.org/details/relaamverdadei00fida/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1558 : [[Petrus Bellonius|Pierre Belon]], ''[[De neglecta stirpium cultura|Les Remonstrances sur le défaut du labour et culture des plantes]]''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|HjBeAAAAcAAJ}} * 1558 : [[Andreas Thevetus|André Thevet]], ''[[Les Singularités de la France antarctique|Les Singularitez de la France antarctique, autrement nommée Amérique]]''. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lessingularitezd00thev Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1558 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus]], "Epistola" [de piscibus] in [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber IIII, qui est de piscium et aquatilium animantium natura'' (Tiguri: apud Christoph. Froschouerum, 1558) [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res000050x04/page/1294/mode/1up pp. 1294-1297] * 1558 : ''[[En tibi perpetuis ridentem floribus hortum]]'' (herbarium manuscriptum apud [[Museum Historiae Naturalis Lugduno-Batavum|Naturalem]]) [https://medialib.naturalis.nl/file/id/L.2111284 f. 318] * 1559 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed.: [[Ianus Dubravius]], ''De piscinis et piscium qui in eis aluntur naturis libri quinque''; [[Xenocrates]], ''De Alimento ex aquatilibus'', cum versione Latina Ioannis Baptista Rasari [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-8219 Textus] * 1559 : [[Iacobus Praefectus]], ''[[De diversorum vini generum natura liber]]''. Venetiis [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002781-001 Textus] {{Google Books|LT46AAAAcAAJ}} * c. 1560 : {{ec|id=Cervantes (c. 1560)|c=[[Franciscus Cervantes de Salazar|Francisco Cervantes de Salazar]], ''[[Cronica de la Nueva España]]'' (M. Magallón, ed., ''Cronica de la Nueva España que escribió el Dr. D. Francisco Cervantes de Salazar'' [Matriti: Hispanic Society of America, 1914] [https://archive.org/details/cronicadelanueva00cervuoft/page/15/mode/1up pp. 15-16] }} * 1560 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1560)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Icones animalium quadrupedum'' [https://archive.org/details/iconesanimaliumq00gess Textus]}} * ante 1561 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]]; Marqués de la Fuensanta del Valle, José Sanchez Rayon, edd., ''Historia de las Indias''. 5 voll. Matriti, 1875-1876 [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias01casarich Vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias02casarich 2] [https://archive.org/details/HistoriaDeLasIndias.TomoIIIFrayBartolomDeLasCasas 3] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias03casarich 4] [https://archive.org/details/historiaindias04casarich 5] * 1561? : [[Georgius Pictorius]], ''Sanitatis tuendae methodus carmine elegiaco conscripta'' (1561?) {{Google Books|Q0uZo4CJTQsC|p. 13}} * 1561 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1561)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed., ''In hoc volumine continentur [[Valerius Cordus|Valerii Cordii]] Annotationes in Dioscoridis ... [etc.]'' [http://dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de/diglit/cordus1561/0566 f. 272b] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817848 Textus]}} * 1561 : {{ec|id=Gesnerus (1561)|c=[[Conradus Gesnerus]], "De hortis Germaniae" in [[Valerius Cordus]], ''Annotationes in Dioscoridis ... [etc.]'' [http://dl.ub.uni-freiburg.de/diglit/cordus1561/0566 f. 272b] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817848 Texztus]}} * 1561 : ''Polybi De diaeta salubri sive de victu privatorum libellus'' (1561) {{Google Books|-WoGnOScNPEC|f. 58r et index}} * post 1561 : [[Franciscus Vásquez]], ''Relación de todo lo que sucedío en la jornada de Omagua y Dorado hecho per el gobernador Pedro de Orsúa'' in M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' (Matriti: Bailly-Baillière, 1909) [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/page/422 vol. 2 p. 422 ff.] * 1562 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|The Seconde Parte of William Turners Herball]]''. Coloniae: Arnold Birckman [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0002/page/n216/mode/1up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001 alius] * 1562 : [[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''A Booke of the Natures and Properties as Well of the Bathes in England as of Other Bathes in Germany and Italy''. Coloniae [https://archive.org/details/b30342053_0001/page/n594/mode/1up Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/englishmanstreas00vica editio 1599] * c. 1562-1592 : [[Georgius Bocskay]], [[Georgius Hoefnagel]], ''[[Mira calligraphiae monumenta]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/089236212X.html Editio facsimile 1992] * 1563 : {{ec|id=Orta (1563)|c=[[Garcias ab Orta|Garcia de Orta]], ''[[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia|Colóquios dos simples e drogas da Índia]]'' (Goae) [http://purl.pt/22937/3/#/524 textus] [http://digitarq.arquivos.pt/viewer?id=4614066 alius]}} * 1563 : [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ed.; [[Iodocus Willichius]], ''Ars magirica, hoc est, coquinaria''; [[Iacobus Bifrons]], ''De operibus lactariis epistola''. Tiguri: apud Iacobum Gesnerum [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-5266 Textus] * 1563 : [[Guilielmus Gratarolus]], ''Regimen omnium iter agentium''. Argentorati: per Wendelinum Rihelium, 1563 {{Google Books|HBA8AAAAcAAJ|pp. 29-30}} * 1564 : [[Carolus Stephanus|Charles Estienne]], ''[[Praedium rusticum|L'Agriculture et maison rustique]]'' [https://archive.org/details/lagricultureetma00esti Textus] * 1564 : [[Christophorus de Messisbugo]], ''Libro novo nel qual s'insegna a far d'ogni sorte di vivanda'' {{Google Books|MCU6AAAAcAAJ}} (cf. 1549) * ante 1565 : [[Petrus Antonius Michiel]], ''I cinque libri di piante'' (manuscriptum 1553-1565) in Ettore de Toni, ed., ''Pietro Antonio Michiel, I cinque libri di piante: codice Marciano'' (Venetiis, 1940) [https://www.scribd.com/document/288397333/Pietro-Antonio-Michiel-I-cinque-libri-di-piante Textu]s apud ''Scribd'' * 1565 : [[Guilielmus Gratarolus]], ''De vini natura''. Argentorati: Theodosius Rihelius, 1565 {{Google Books|IEM6AAAAcAAJ}} * 1565 : {{ec|id=Benzo (1565)|c=[[Hieronymus Benzo|Girolamo Benzoni]], ''[[Novae Novi orbis historiae|La historia del Mondo nuovo]]'' (Venetiis) [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00001834-001#page/n218/mode/2up ff. 102r-103v editionis 1572]}} * 1565 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1565)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes|Nicolás Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Dos libros. El uno trata de todas las cosas que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00002448-001#page/n100/mode/2up quaternion f 6]}} * ante 1566 : [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartolomé de las Casas]], ''Apologética historia sumaria'' [https://archive.org/stream/historiaindias04casarich#page/304/mode/2up p. 304 editionis 1876] * 1566 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Frumentorum, leguminum ...'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488142 Textus] * 1566 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1566)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''Catalogus simplicium medicamentorum, quae in usitatis huius temporis compositionibus praesertim Mesuaei & Nicolai aliorum penuria inuicem supponuntur''. Compluti [http://bibliotecavirtual.ranf.com/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=6191 Textus]}} * 1566 : Francesco Calzolari, ''Il viaggio di Monte Baldo della magnifica città di Verona, nel quale si descrive con maraviglioso ordine il sito di detto Monte, & d'alcune altre parti ad esso contigue, et etiandio si narra d'alcune segnalate piante & herbe che ivi nascono, & che nell'uso della medicina più di tutte l'altre conferiscono''. Venetiis: Valgrisio [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_xcKYxLXyoAIC Textus] * 1566 : [[Didacus de Landa|Diego de Landa]], ''Relación de las cosas de Yucatán'' ([[Brasseur de Bourbourg]], ed. et interpr., ''Relation des choses de Yucatan de Diego de Landa: texte espagnol et traduction française'' [Lutetiae: Arthus Bertrand, 1864] [https://archive.org/details/relationdeschose03land/ textus]; José María Asensio, ed., ''Relaciones de Yucatán'' [Matriti: Sucesores de Rivadeneyra, 1898] pp. 267-408 [https://archive.org/details/agz9105.0002.001.umich.edu/page/266/mode/2up textus]; [https://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/es/consulta/registro.do?id=61962 manuscriptum]) * 1567 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1567)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Garcias ab Orta]], ''[[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia]]'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7096#/summary Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488159 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634315 4a ed. 1593]}} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Turner (1568)|c= ([[Guilielmus Turnerus|William Turner]], ''[[A New Herbal (Turner)|The First and Seconde Partes of the Herbal ... with the Third Parte]]'' (Coloniae Agrippinae: Birckman) pars 1 p. 73 [http://www.rarebookroom.org/Control/turher/index.html Textus] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A14059.0001.001 Recensio Michiganensium] }} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Epistula ad Monardem (1568)|c="Carta: al muy magnifico señor, mi señor Doctor Monardes, medico en Sevilla" (1568) in [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC|ff. 82r-83v}}}} * 1568 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1568)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Florum et coronariarum odoratarumque nonnullarum herbarum historia''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ryRhpBQMI5gC/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://docnum.u-strasbg.fr/cdm/ref/collection/coll13/id/89898 Textus] apud universitatem Argentoratensem [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_L5Y1sZFjYLYC/ Editio 2a 1569] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003131585 2a ed.]}} * 1568 : [[Georgius Vasarius|Giorgio Vasari]], ''Le vite de' piv eccellenti pittori, scvltori, et architettori''. Florentiae: I Giunti (editio aucta) [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel01vasa Partes 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel02vasa pars 3 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/levitedepiveccel03vasa pars 3 vol. 2] * circa 1569 : [[Carolus Clusius]] et al., ''[[Libri picturati A 16-30|Libri picturati]]'' (manuscriptum) * ante 1569 : {{ec|id=Sahagún (ante 1569)|c=[[Bernardinus de Sahagun]], ''[[Historia general de las cosas de Nueva España]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1585) lib. 10 f. 49r [https://www.wdl.org/es/item/10621/ quaere paginam 101] (Arthur J. O. Anderson, Charles E. Dibble, interprr., ''Bernardino de Sahagún: The Florentine Codex; General History of the Things of New Spain'' [University of Utah Press, 1950-1975. 12 partes]); cf. {{ec|id=Codices Matritenses|c=''Codices Matritenses'' apud {{qc|id=Durand-Forest (1967)}} [http://www.historicas.unam.mx/publicaciones/revistas/nahuatl/pdf/ecn07/092.pdf pp. 159-162] }}}} * 1569 : Casparus Wolphius, ''Euonymus. Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini [[de remediis secretis]] liber secundum; nunc primum opera et studio Caspari Wolphii medici, physici Tigurini in lucem editus'' (1569?) [https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 textus] * 1570 : [[Bartholomaeus Scappi|Bartolomeo Scappi]], ''Opera'' (Venetiis: Tramezzino, 1570) lib. 3 cap. 169-179 [https://archive.org/details/operavenetiascap00scap/page/n291/mode/2up ff. 139r-141v] * 1570 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1570)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis'' (Venetiis: ex officina Valgrisiana) [https://archive.org/details/petriandreaemat01mattgoog/page/n468/mode/1up p. 305] ("Frumentum Indicum")}} * 1571 : [[Petrus Pena]], [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Stirpium adversaria nova'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4137 Textus]; anno 1576 titulo ''Nova stirpium adversaria'' [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009313756 rursus edita] * 1571 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1571)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC|ff. 82r-83v}}}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= Alphonsus Ulloa, interpr.; [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' [https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= Alphonsus Ulloa, interpr.; [[Romanus Pané]], "[https://archive.org/stream/historiedelsdfer00coln#page/n295/mode/2up Scrittura di Fra Roman delle antichità degl'Indiani]" in [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' ff. 124v-145v}} * 1571 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1571)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Compendium de plantis omnibus, unà cum earum iconibus, de quibus scripsit suis in commentariis in Dioscoridem editis''. Venetiis [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/209997 Textus] }} * 1571 : Hieremias Martius, interpr.; [[Iacobus Grevinus]], ''De venenis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817822 Textus] * 1571 : [[Nicander Colophonius]], ''Theriaca'', ''Alexipharmaca'' in Hieremias Martius, interpr.; [[Iacobus Grevinus]], ''De venenis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817822 Textus] * 1571 : [[Alphonsus de Molina|Alonso de Molina]], ''Vocabulario en lengua castellana y mexicana'' (Mexicopoli: en casa de Antonio de Spinosa) [https://archive.org/details/vocabularioenlen00moli textus] * ante 1572 : {{ec|id=Felici (ante 1572)|c=[[Constantius Felici]], "De l'insalata e piante che in qualunque modo vengono per cibo de l'homo" (manu scriptum 1565-1572). Enzo Cecchini, Guido Arbizzoni et al., edd., ''Costanzo Felici Da Piobbico. Lettere sulle Insalate. Lectio Nona De Fungis'' (Urbini, 1977) [http://www.medievalcookery.com/helewyse/files/newworld.pdf vide p. 9]}} * 1572 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1572)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''[[Discursos de las cosas aromáticas|Discursos de las cosas aromáticas, árboles y frutales, y de otras muchas medicinas simples que se traen de la India Oriental, y siruen al uso de medicina]]'' (Matriti: Francisco Sánchez) {{Google Books|ZGpIEb3BRfAC|f. 25r}} "Flor del sol, gigantea, sol de las Indias" }} * 1572 : Henry Hawks in [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/cihm_35668/page/n820/mode/1up p. 547] (''sapotes'') * 1572 : Jean Des Moulins, interpr.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus|Pierre André Matthiole]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Commentaires de M. Pierre André Matthiole médecin Senois sur les six livres de Ped. Dioscoride Anazarbéen de la matière médecinale''. Lugduni: Guillaume Rouille, 1572 {{Google Books|bMZCAAAAcAAJ|p. 342}} ("Poivre Indic") * 1573 : {{ec|id=Matthiolus (1573)|c=[[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Commentarii ... di Pedacio Dioscoride Anazarbeo libri cinque della historia & materia medicinale]]'' (editio 1573) lib. 2 cap. 148 {{Google Books|w8JCAAAAcAAJ|p. 405}} sive et ''Commentarii in libros sex Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei de Materia Medica'' (editio 1574) lib. 2 cap. 153 [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000819257#page/433/mode/2up pp. 434-437]}} * 1573 : Thomas Tusser, ''Five Hundreth Points of Good Husbandry''. Londinii: Tottell, 1573 * 1573 : John Partridge, ''[[The Treasury of Hidden Secrets|The Treasurie of Commodious Conceits and Hidden Secrets]]''. Londinii: Richard Jones [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/treasurie.pdf Textus] * 1574 : {{ec|id=Monardes (1574)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Primera, segunda y tercera partes de la historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven en medicina]]'' {{Google Books|pEHeQNiTzA0C|f. 109v}}}} * 1574 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1574)|c=[[Nicolaus Monardes]]; [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr., ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|De simplicibus medicamentis ex occidentali India delatis quorum in medicina usus est]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753003541627#page/71/mode/2up pp. 71-74] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003530810 2a ed. 1593]}} * 1574 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1574)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Purgantium ...''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753004146418 Textus]}} * 1575 : [[Andreas Thevetus|André Thevet]], ''La cosmographie universelle'' (Lutetiae: G. Chaudière, 1575) vol. 2 tom. 4 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626691v/f1040 f. 938v-939r] * 1575 : {{ec|id=Fragosus (1575)|c=[[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''De succedaneis medicamentis liber denuo auctus''. Mantuae ''[https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000717-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1575 : ''[[A Proper New Book of Cookery|A Proper New Booke of Cookery]]''. Londinii: William How [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/pnboc1575.txt editio interretialis]; cf. 1545 * 1575 : Leonard Mascall, ''A booke of the arte and maner how to plant and graffe all sortes of trees, how to set stones, and sowe pepins, to make wylde trees to graffe on ...'' Londinii: John Wight [https://archive.org/details/bookeartmanerho00masc Editio 1582] * 1575 : Iohannes Fridericus Gronovius, ''Flora orientalis, sive recensio plantarum quas ... Leonhardus Rauwolffus ... annis 1573-1575 in Syria, Arabia ... collegit''. Lugduni Batavorum: de Groot, 1755 {{Google Books|t0VcAAAAcAAJ}} * 1575 : Lorenzo Pérez, ''Libro de Theriaca''. Toleti: en casa de Juan de Ayala {{Google Books|su-ali2ldtEC|pp. 285-286}} ("pimiento de las Indias, siliquastro, capsico") * ante 1576 : [[Gerardus Cibo]], ''Codices botanici'' [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_22332 vol. 1] [http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/FullDisplay.aspx?ref=Add_MS_22333 vol. 2] * 1576 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Plantarum seu stirpium historia'' [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125009313699 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003488167 Textus] * 1576 : [[Reginaldus Scot|Reginald Scot]], ''A Perfite Platforme of a Hoppe Garden''. Londinii: Henrie Denham [http://www.loc.gov/item/2004574086/ Textus] * 1576 : [[Carolus Clusius]], ''Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Hispanias ...'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot33768000399827/page/n2 Textus] * ante 1577 : {{ec|id=Damascenus|c={{Creanda|el|Δαμασκηνός Στουδίτης|Damascenus Studites}}, ''Sermones'' 14 ("σφουγγᾶτον")}} * 1577 : [[Thomas Hyll]], ''The Gardener’s Labyrinth''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/CAT10889940 Textus] * 1577 : [[Raphael Holinshed]], ''[[Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/firstevolumeofch01wolf vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/firstevolumeofch02wolf vol. 2] * 1577 : John Frampton, interpr.; [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''Ioyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii {{Google Books|OatkAAAAcAAJ| editio 1580}} [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810678 editio 1596] * 1578 : [[Ioannes Lerius|Jean Léry]], ''[[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam|Histoire d'un voyage fait en la terre du Bresil]]'' (Rupellae: Antoine Chuppin) [https://archive.org/details/histoiredunvoyag01lryj Textus] * 1578 : Urbanus Calveto, interpr.; [[Hieronymus Benzo|Girolamo Benzoni]], ''[[Novae Novi orbis historiae|Novae Novi orbis historiae, id est, rerum ab Hispanis in India occidentali hactenus gestarum, et acerbo illorum in eas gentes dominatu, libri tres]]'' (Genavae) [https://www.e-rara.ch/gep_g/content/titleinfo/1752097 Textus] * 1578 : {{ec|id=C. Acosta (1578)|c=[[Christophorus Acosta]], ''[[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia|Tractado delas drogas y medicinas de las Indias Orientales]]'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4587 Textus]}} * 1578 : {{ec|id=Lyte (1578)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]]; [[Henricus Lyte|Henry Lyte]], interpr., ''A Niewe Herball, or historie of plantes''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811155/page/467/mode/2up p. 467] }} [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811148 Editio 1586] * c. 1580 : [[Prosper Alpinus]]: vide 1735 * 1580 : {{ec|id=Dodonaeus (1580)|c=[[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''[[Historia vitis vinique|Historia vitis vinique et stirpium nonnullarum aliarum]]''. Coloniae {{Google Books|EBBO60Ljh9sC}}}} * 1580 : ''Pharmacopoea seu de usitatiorum medicamentorum componendorum ratione liber''. Bergomi {{Google Books|XnZVAAAAcAAJ}} * post 1580 : {{ec|id=O'Brian et al. (1996)|c=''[[Histoire naturelle des Indes]]'' (manuscriptum) in Patrick O'Brian et al., ''The Drake Manuscript'' (Londinii: André Deutsch, 1996)}} * ante 1581 : {{ec|id=Duran (ante 1581)|c= [[Didacus Duran]], ''[[Codex Duran|Historia de las Indias de Nueva-España y islas de Tierra Firme]]'' (Mexicopoli, 1867-1880) vol. 1 [https://archive.org/stream/historiadelasind01dur#page/210/mode/2up p. 211] etc.}} * 1581 : [[Alexander Traianus Petronius]], ''De victu Romanorum et de sanitate tuenda'' (1581) {{Google Books|0UtBAAAAcAAJ|in indice}} * 1581 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ''Kruydtboeck'' * 1581-1592 : [[Augerius Gislenius Busbequius]], ''[[Legationis Turcicae epistolae|Itinera Constantinopolitanum et Amasianum]]'' (= ''Legationis Turcicae epistolae'' I-II) {{Google Books|nv0QS19NhJEC|Editio 1581}} {{Google Books|AMXFsrOw1zcC|Editio 1582}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_nv0QS19NhJEC Textus apud archive.org]; ''[[Legationis Turcicae epistolae|Legationis Turcicae epistolae quatuor]]'' (editio perfecta, 1595) [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenahist/autoren/busbecq_hist.html Textus] apud [[CAMENA]]m * 1582 : {{ec|id=Donno, ed. (1976)|c=Richard Madox, Ephemeris (Elizabeth Story Donno, ed., ''An Elizabethan in 1582: the diary of Richard Madox, Fellow of All Souls'' [Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1976] p. 176)}} * 1582 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1582)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''Aliquot notae in Garciae Aromatum historiam; Descriptiones nonnullarum stirpium, et aliarum exoticarum rerum, quae à ... Francisco Drake ... observatae sunt'' (Antverpiae: Plantin) [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/nagezh/content/pageview/9431392 Textus] pp. 28-30 {{Google Books|sF5WAAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1582 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1582)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr., ''[[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia|Christophori a Costa ... Aromatum et medicamentorum in Orientali India nascentium liber]]'' (Antverpiae: Plantin) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812856 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634646 2a ed. 1593]}} * 1582 : [[Nicolaus Praepositus]], ''Dispensarium Nicolai Praepositi ad aromatarios''; [[Matthaeus Platearius|Platearius]] vulgo ''[[Circa instans]]'' nuncupatus [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_pharma_res011020 Textus] [https://www.arlima.net/mp/nicole_prevost.html De Nicolao Praeposito] * 1582-1583 : [[Leonhartus Rauwolfius]], ''Aigentliche Beschreibung der Raiß, so er vor diser Zeit gegen Auffgang inn die Morgenländer ... selbs volbracht''. Laugingen: Rainmichel, Willers [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10901685_00005.html Impressum 1582] [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10206788_00005.html Impressum 1583] * 1583 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1583)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''Rariorum aliquot stirpium per Pannoniam ...''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811379 Textus]}} * 1583 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1583)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Stirpium historiae pemptades sex''. Antverpiae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817947 Textus] [https://archive.org/stream/hin-wel-all-00000420-001#page/n289/mode/2up p. 263] "Chrysanthemum Peruvianum" [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817939 Editio 1616]}} * 1583 : {{ec|id=Caesalpinus (1583)|c=[[Andreas Caesalpinus]], ''De plantis libri XVI'' (Florentiae) {{Google Books|Iw2Z4FlnR2YC}} [https://archive.org/details/deplantislibrixv00cesa Textus]}} * ante 1584 : {{ec|id=Díaz (ante 1584)|c=[[Bernardus Díaz del Castillo]], ''[[Historia verdadera (Díaz)|La historia verdadera de la conquista de la Nueva España]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1584) cap. 83 [http://www.rae.es/sites/default/files/Aparato_de_variantes_Historia_verdadera_de_la_conquista_de_la_Nueva_Espana.pdf p. 254 editionis interretialis Serés]}} * 1584 : [[Ioannes Baptista Rossetti|Giovan Battista Rossetti]], ''Dello scalco''. Ferrariae [https://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Rossetti%20-%20Dello%20scalco.pdf Textus] * 1584 : A. W., ''[[A Book of Cookery (A. W.)|A Book of Cookrye]]''; cf. 1591 * 1584-1598 : [[Gulielmus Bouchet|Guillaume Bouchet]], ''Les serées''. 3 voll. Pictaviae, Lutetiae, 1584-1598 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00000003-001 vol. 1 ed. 1585] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87071084 alia] [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102193823 vol. 1 ed. 1586] [https://archive.org/details/premierliuredess00bouc vol. 1 ed. 1608] [https://archive.org/details/secondliuredesse00bouc vol. 2 ed. 1608] [https://archive.org/details/troisiesmeliured00bouc vol. 3 ed. 1598] [vol. 3 ed. 1608] * 1585 : {{ec|id=Mendoza (1585)|c={{Creanda|en|Juan González de Mendoza|Ioannes Consalvus Mendoza|Juan González de Mendoza}}, ''Historia de las cosas mas notables, ritos y costumbres, del gran reyno dela China'' (Romae: a costa de Bartholome Grassi) [https://archive.org/details/historiadelascos00gonz/page/6/mode/2up p. 7]. Versio Latina: ''Nova et succincta, vera tamen historia de amplissimo potentissimoque ... regno China'' (Francofurdi ad Moenum, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/nouaetsuccinctav00gonz/page/n39/mode/2up p. 36]}} * 1585 : "De gallinacei generis totius in cibis usu" in [[Conradus Gesnerus]], ''Historiae animalium liber III'' (Francofurdi, 1585) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OKGaf7B1PFsC/page/n411/mode/1up pp. 403-408] * 1585 : {{ec|id=Durante (1585)|c={{Creanda|en|Castore Durante|Castor Durante}}, ''Herbario nuovo'' [http://dfg-viewer.de/show/?tx_dlf%5Bid%5D=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de%2Foai%2F%3Fverb%3DGetRecord%26metadataPrefix%3Dmets%26identifier%3D2434775&tx_dlf%5Bpage%5D=5&tx_dlf%5Bdouble%5D=0&cHash=070eae8db1735f8b28140bb175c89ce8 Editio 1602] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_v7cQtey_AvwC Editio 1617] apud ''Internet Archive'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4714 Editio 1617]}} * 1585/1587 : [[Thomas Dawson]], ''[[The Good Housewife's Jewel]]''; cf. 1596 * 1586 : [[Renatus de Goulaine de Laudonnière|René de Goulaine de Laudonnière]], ''L'histoire notable de la Floride située ès Indes Occidentales''. Lutetiae: chez Guillaume Auvray [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/100828509 Textus] apud ''Hathi Trust'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86107660?rk=64378;0 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1586: Urbanus Calveto, interpr.; [[Ioannes Lerius]], ''[[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam]]'' (Genavae: Eustathius Vignon) [https://archive.org/stream/historianauigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up pp. 155-156] [https://archive.org/stream/historianavigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up 2a ed.] * 1586 : {{Creanda|en|Castore Durante|Castor Durante}}, ''Il tesoro della sanità'' [https://archive.org/details/iltesorodellasa01duragoog Editio 1596] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1586 : {{ec|id=Dalecampius et al. (1586)|c=[[Iacobus Dalecampius]]; Gulielmus Rouillius, ed., ''Historia generalis plantarum''. Lugduni {{Google Books|eP5u41mhCRoC|pars prima}} {{Google Books|ZGuAqsKxwNkC|pars altera}}}} * 1586 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1586)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ed.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''De plantis epitome utilissima ... diligenter aucta'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00089694/image_1 Textus]}} * 1586 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1586)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''[[Commentarii (Matthiolus)|Kreutterbuch]]'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/0009/bsb00091089/images/ Textus]}} * 1586 : [[Iacobus Pons|Jacques Pons]] vel Pontius,<ref>"Pons" et "Pontius" [https://archive.org/details/denimislicentio00ponsgoog/ hic inter paginas praeliminares reperiuntur</ref> ''Sommaire traitté des melons''. Lugduni: Rigaud [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1519308s?rk=42918;4 Textus] * 1587 : William Harrison, "The Description of England" in [[Raphael Holinshed]], ''[[Chronicles of England, Scotland, and Ireland]]'' (2a ed. Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/firstsecondvolum00holi Textus] * 1588 : ''The Good Hous-wives Treasurie''. Londinii: Edwarde Allde, 1588 * 1588 : Walter Bayley, ''A short discourse of the three kindes of peppers in common use''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-short-discourse-of-the_bailey-walter_1588/ textus]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-short-discourse-of-the_bailey-walter_1588_0/ alius]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A01847.0001.001 recensio interretialis]; [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/grgg8b2w/items De auctore] * 1588 : {{ec|id=Hariot (1588)|c=[[Thomas Hariot]], ''A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia, of the commodities there found and to be raysed ...''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/abriefeandtruer00harigoog/page/n24 Textus editionis fac-simile 1903]; [https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=etas Recensio interretialis]; [https://archive.org/details/briefetruereport00harr/page/n9 Textus editionis illustratae 1590 Francofurti ad Moenum impressae]}} * 1588 : [[Iulianus Palmarius]], ''[[De vino et pomaceo]]''. Parisiis: apud Guillelmum Auvray [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002644-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1588 : {{ec|id=Bigges (1588)|c=Walterus Bygges, ''Expeditio Francisci Draki equitis Angli in Indias Occidentales anno MDLXXXV''. Leydae: apud Fr. Raphelengium [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d020 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/narrationesduadm00bigg Editio 1590] [http://www.philological.bham.ac.uk/bigges/ Editio interretialis] [http://www.ancienttexts.org/library/latinlibrary/biggs.html Editio] apud ''[[The Latin Library]]'' }}; [https://archive.org/details/levoyagedemessir00bigg versio Francogallica 1588]; [https://archive.org/details/relationoderbesc00bigg Versio Theodisca 1589]; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d022 Versio Anglica 1589] * 1588 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1588)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ''Hortus medicus et philosophicus'' (Francofurti ad Mœnum: apud Iohannem Feyerabend) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/223341#page/131/mode/1up pp. 110-111] }} * 1589 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''Plurimarum singularium et memorabilium rerum observationes''. Antverpiae, 1589 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001827-001 Textus apud archive.org] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k536173 Textus apud gallica] * 1589 : Walter Bygges; Thomas Cates, ed., ''A Summarie and True Discourse of Sir Frances Drakes West Indian Voyage wherein were taken the townes of Saint Iago, Sancto Domingo, Cartagena and Saint Augustine''. Londinii: Roger Ward [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d022 Textus] (cf. 1588) * 1589 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''De neglecta stirpium cultura atque earum cognitione libellus'' {{Google Books|VCM6AAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001827-002 Textus apud archive.org] * 1589 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principall Navigations, Voiages and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (1a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1589) [https://archive.org/details/cihm_35668 Textus] * 1589 : ''Ephemeris expeditionis Norreysii & Draki in Lusitaniam''. Londinii, 1589 [https://archive.org/details/ephemerisexpedit00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/narrationesduadm00bigg editio 1590] * ante 1590 : [[Carolus Clusius]], Esaya le Gillon, ''[[Codex Clusii|Icones fungorum in Pannoniis observatorum]]'' (manuscriptum) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/7131#/summary Textus] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/30616#page/297/mode/1up Editio fac-simile 1900] * 1590 : {{ec|id=Acosta (1590)|c=[[Iosephus de Acosta]], ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|Historia natural y moral de las Indias]]''. Hispali: en casa de Juan de Leon [https://archive.org/details/historianaturaly00acos_2 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/historianatural01acosrich Editio 1894]}} * 1590 : [[Thomas Hariot]]; [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''[[America (series librorum)|Admiranda narratio fida tamen, de commodis et incolarum ritibus Virginiae]]''. Francofurti ad Moenum [https://archive.org/details/admirandanarrati00harr Textus] [https://archive.org/details/Wunderbarliched00BryT Editio Theodisca 1593] * 1590 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1590)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachim Camerarius]], ''[[Symbolorum et emblematum centuriae|Symbolorum et emblematum ex re herbaria desumtorum centuria una]]'' [https://archive.org/details/symbolorvmetembl01came f. 59] (no. 49) "Chrysanthemum Perunianum, planta maxima, flos solis"}} * 1590 : {{ec|id=Tabernaemontanus (1590)|c=[[Iacobus Theodorus Tabernaemontanus]], ''[[Eicones plantarum seu stirpium]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/Eiconesplantaru00Theo#page/858/mode/2up p. 859]}} * c. 1590 : [[Abū al-Faḍl al-Mubārak]], ''[[Āīn-i-Akbarī]]'' (H. Blochmann, H. S. Jarrett, interprr., ''The Aín i Akbari by Abul Fazl Allámi'' [Calcuttae: Asiatic Society, 1873-1894] [https://archive.org/details/ainiakbari00jarrgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/ainiakbarivolum00mubgoog 2] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46757 3]) * 1591 : [[Matthias de Lobel]], ed., ''Icones stirpium seu plantarum tam exoticarum quam indigenarum''. Antverpiae: Plantin [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/9308 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000812435 alibi] * 1591 : {{ec|id=Cardenas (1591)|c=[[Ioannes de Cardenas|Juan de Cárdenas]], ''Primera parte de los problemas y secretos maravillosos de las Indias'' (Mexicopoli) [https://archive.org/stream/primerapartedelo00cr#page/112/mode/2up pp. 113-115 editionis 1913]}} * 1591 : [[Philippus Pigafetta]], ''Relatione del reame di Congo et delle circonvicine contrade, tratta dalli scritti & ragionamenti di Odoardo Lopez''. Romae: Bartolomeo Grassi {{Google Books|-aurfsHGclwC}} [https://archive.org/details/regnvmcongohoces00piga_2 versio Latina 1598] * 1591 : [[Iacobus Le Moyne de Morgues]]; [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''[[America (series librorum)|Brevis narratio eorum quae in Florida Americae provicia Gallis acciderunt, secunda in illam navigatione duce Renato de Laudoniere... anno MDXIV, quae est secunda pars Americae]]''. Francofurti ad Moenum [https://archive.org/details/brevisnarratio00debry Textus apud ''Internet Archive''] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109491c?rk=42918;4 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1591 : {{ec|id=Hortop (1591)|c=Job Hortop, ''The Travailes of an English Man''. Londinii, 1591 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A03702.0001.001 editio interretialis]}} * 1591 : A. W., ''[[A Book of Cookery (A. W.)|A Book of Cookrye]]''. 2a ed. Londinii: Edward Allde, 1591 (prima editio, 1584) [http://jducoeur.org/Cookbook/Cookrye.html Textus] ("To make Farts of Portingale") * 1591 : [[Gao Lian]], ''[[Commentarii octo de vitae principiis]]'' (遵生八牋) (Sumei Yi, Eugene Anderson, interprr., "[https://www.happygoatproductions.com/blog/2015/8/26/guest-blog-a-translation-by-sumei-yi-edited-by-eugene-anderson-of-gao-lians-writings-on-food-and-drink Gao Lian (Ming dynasty): Essays on Drinks and Delicacies for Medicinal Eating]". 2008/2015) * ante 1592 : [[Augerius Gislenius Busbequius]], ''[[Epistolarum legationis Gallicae libri II|Epistolae ad Rudolphum II Imperatorem e Gallia scriptae]]'' (= ''Epistolarum legationis Gallicae'' liber I) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6434677v Editio 1630] {{Google Books|n_9GAAAAcAAJ|Editio 1631}}; ''[[Epistolarum legationis Gallicae libri II]]'' (editio perfecta, 1632) {{Google Books|OqDGk6ENA4YC}} * 1593 : [[Carolus Clusius]], interpr.; [[Iosephus de Acosta]], ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia]]'' (2a ed., cf. 1582); [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex Novo Orbe delatorum historia]]'' (3a ed.) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003634646/page/386/mode/2up pp. 386-389] ("Capsicum hoc, seu piper Indicum (Americanum potius) ... Memini etiam videre anno 1585 ... Sed et haec omnia genera aliquando vidi colore flavescente, in Lusitania, monasterio quodam circa Olysiponem. Aliud capsici genus observavi in nonnullis Lusitaniae locis ... illi vocant pimienta de Bresil ...") * 1593 : Marco Bussato, ''Giardino di agricoltura'' [https://archive.org/details/giardinodiagric00buss Textus] * 1594 : Laurentius Scholzius, ''Catalogus arborum, fruticum ac plantarum, tam indigenarum quam exoticarum, horti medici D. Laurentii Scholzii'' (Vratislaviae, 1594) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k851094q/f10.item s.v.] * 1594 : ''[[The Good Housewife's Handmaid for the Kitchen|The Good Huswifes Handmaide for the Kitchin]]'' (Londinii: Richard Jones, 1594) [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/ghhk/ Textus] * 1594 : {{Creanda|en|John Norden|Ioannes Norden|John Norden}}, ''Speculi Britanniae pars: an historical and chorographical description of the county of Essex'' ([[Henricus Ellis|Henry Ellis]], ed., ''Speculi Britanniae pars''. Londinii: Camden Society, 1840 {{Google Books|bc0_AAAAcAAJ}} * ante 1595 : {{ec|id=Recchus (ante 1595)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; [[Nardus Antonius Recchus]], scriba, ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|De materia medica Novae Hispaniae, Philippi Secundi Hispaniarum ac Indiarum regis invictissimi iussu]]'' (manuscriptum, ante 1595) [https://archive.org/stream/demateriamedican00hern#page/n101 Textus]}} * 1595 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Reys-gheschrift vande navigatien der Portugaloysers in Orienten''. Amstelodami: Cornelis Claesz. {{Google Books|bbVOAAAAcAAJ}} * 1595-1600 : {{Creanda|en|Thomas Platter the Younger|Thomas Platerus (medicus)}}, ''Itinera''. [https://www.e-manuscripta.ch/bau/doi/10.7891/e-manuscripta-18678 Textus libri manuscripti] Editiones: Hans Hecht, ed., ''Thomas Platters des Jüngeren Englandfahrt im Jahre 1599''. Halle, 1929. Rut Keiser, ed., "[https://www.e-periodica.ch/digbib/view?rid=bzg-002:1963:63::94#94 Aus dem Tagebuch von Thomas Platter dem Jüngeren]" in ''Basler Zeitschrift für Geschichte und Altertumskunde'' vol. 63. (1963) pp. 75–111 Rut Keiser, ed., ''Thomas Platter d. J.: Beschreibung der Reisen durch Frankreich, Spanien, England und die Niederlande (1595-1600)''. 2 voll. Basileae: Schwabe, 1968. Versiones: ''Félix et Thomas Platter à Montpellier 1552-1559--1595-1599: notes de voyage de deux étudiants Bâlois''. Monspessulani: Société de Bibliophiles de Montpellier, 1892 [https://archive.org/details/flixetthomaspla00platgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' Clare Williams, interpr., ''Thomas Platter's Travels in England''. Londinii: Cape, 1937. [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.506933 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' Seán Jennett, interpr., ''Journal of a Younger Brother: the life of Thomas Platter as a medical student in Montpellier''. Londinii. Muller, 1963. Ludovic Legré; M. Kieffer, interpr., ''La Botanique en Provence au XVIe siècle: Félix et Thomas Platter, avec extraits relatifs à la Provence des mémoires de Félix et de Thomas Platter''. Marseille: Aubertin & Rolle, 1900 [https://archive.org/details/labotaniqueenpr00legr Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1596 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Itinerario, Voyage ofte schipvaert''. Amstelodami: Cornelis Claesz. {{Google Books|UbVOAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/itinerariovoyage00lins Textus] [https://archive.org/details/andertheilderori00lins_0 versio pars 2 1598] [https://archive.org/details/drittertheilindi00lins_0 versio pars 3 1599] [https://archive.org/details/vierdertheildero00lins_0 versio pars 4 1600] [https://archive.org/details/quintaparsindiae00neck_0 versio pars 5] * 1596 : Walter Raleigh, ''The Discoverie of Guiana''. 1596 {{Google Books|UKsyAQAAMAAJ|p. 95}} ("All places yeilde ... Indian pepper"); Thomas Masham, "The third voyage set forth by Sir Walter Ralegh to Guiana" (Hakluyt 2a ed. p. 675) ("West Indian pepper") * 1596 : {{ec|id=Baccius (1596)|c=[[Andreas Baccius]], ''[[De naturali vinorum historia]]''. Romae: ex officina Nicholai Mutii [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10148134-6 Textus apud MDZ] {{Google Books|H31DAAAAcAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RPdmcHgp1QEC/page/n321/mode/2up p. 299]}} * 1596 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1596)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''[[Phytopinax]]''. Basileae: per Sebastianum Henricpetri [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000815909#page/154/mode/2up pp. 155-156]}} * 1596 : {{ec|id=Li (1596)|c={{Creanda|en|Li Shizhen|Li Shizhen}}, ''{{Creanda|en|Compendium of Materia Medica|Compendium materiae medicae|Bencao gangmu}}'' (vide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 40-45)}} * 1596 : [[Thomas Dawson]], ''[[The Good Housewife's Jewel|The Good Huswifes Jewell]]'' [http://www.medievalcookery.com/notes/ghj1596.txt editio interretialis]; cf. 1585 * 1597 : ''The Second Part of the Good Hus-wives Jewell''. Londinii: Edward White, 1597 [https://wellcomecollection.org/works/cg64by9v Catalogus] * 1597 : {{ec|id=Gerard (1597)|c=[[Iohannes Gerardus|John Gerard]], ''[[Herbal (Gerard)|The Herball, or generall historie of plantes]]''. Londinii: John Norton [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51606#/summary Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000817749 Textus]}} * 1597/1626 : {{ec|id=McClure, ed. (1939)|c=[[Ioannes Chamberlain]], epistolae (N. E. McClure, ed., ''The Letters of John Chamberlain''. 2 voll. Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1939 [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106005854481 1] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.32106005854473 2]) }} * ante 1598 : [[Ferdinandus Alvarado Tezozómoc|Hernando Alvarado Tezozómoc]], ''Crónica Mexicana'' (c. 1598) (Mexicopoli: Editorial Leyenda, 1944) [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/cronica-mexicana-escrita-hacia-el-ano-de-1598-929707/ Textus] * 1598 : {{ec|id=Camerarius (1598)|c=[[Ioachimus Camerarius (iunior)|Ioachimus Camerarius]], ''Hortus medicus et philosophicus, in quo plurimarum stirpium breves descriptiones, novae icones non paucae, indicationes locorum natalium, observationes de cultura earum peculiares, atque insuper nonnulla remedia euporista, nec non philologica quaedam continentur'' [http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/bsb00087678/image_1 Textus]}} * 1598 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1598)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ed.; [[Petrus Andreas Matthiolus]], ''Petri Andreae Matthioli Opera quae extant omnia: hoc est, commentarii in VI libros Pedacii Dioscoridis Anazarbei De medica materia, adiectis in margine variis Graeci textus lectionibus ... De ratione distillandi ... Apologia in Amatum Lusitanum ... Epistolarum medicinalium libri quinque ... Dialogus de morbo Gallico''. Francofurti {{Ling|Latine}} [https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?oclcno=634151153&db=100 Textus]}} * 1598 : G. M. A. W. L. [Willem Lodewycksz.], ''D'eerste boeck: Historie van Indien, waer inne verhaelt is de avonturen die de Hollandtsche schepen bejeghent zijn''. Amstelredam: Cornelis Claesz., 1598; [https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-explore/fulldisplay?docid=SLNSW_ALMA21113062670002626&context=L&vid=SLNSW&lang=en_US&tab=default_tab Textus] (-- G. P. Rouffaer, J. W. Ijzerman, edd., ''De eerste schipvaart der Nederlanders naar Oost-Indië onder Cornelis de Houtman'' (Hagae Comitum: Martinus Nijhoff, 1915 [https://archive.org/details/deeersteschipvaa01rouf/page/34/mode/2up pp. 32], [https://archive.org/details/deeersteschipvaa01rouf/page/157/mode/2up 146 cum nota subiuncta]); ''Prima pars Descriptionis itineris navalis in Indiam orientalem'' (Amstelrodami, 1598) {{Google Books|UNtOAAAAcAAJ|ff. 10r, 38v}}; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11196770 aliud exemplar] * 1598-1600 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hakluyt]], ''[[Principal Navigations (Hakluytus)|The Principal Navigations, Voyages, Traffiques and Discoveries of the English Nation]]'' (2a ed. Londinii: George Bishop, 1598-1600) [https://archive.org/details/principalnavigat1and2hakl voll. 1-2] [https://archive.org/details/cihm_94220 vol. 3] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A02495.0001.001 editio interretialis] * ante 1599 : ''[[Naturstudien]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://data.onb.ac.at/rec/AC14451685 Series imaginum] * 1599 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus]], ''Navigatio ac itinerarium Iohannis Hugonis Linscotani in orientalem sive Lusitanorum Indiam''. Hagae Comitum, 1599 [https://archive.org/details/Nauigatio-ac-itinerarium-Iohannis-Hugonis-Linscotani-in-orientalem-siue-Lusitanoru-PHAIDRA_o_386621/page/n6/mode/1up Textus] * 1599 : [[Iohannes Gerard]], ''Catalogus arborum, fruticum, ac plantarum tam indigenarum, quam exoticarum, in horto Johannis Gerardi civis et chirurgi Londinensis nascentium'' {{Google Books|RcIYAAAAIAAJ|Textus editionis fac-simile 1962}} * c. 1600 : [[Anselmus De Boodt]], Album quadripedum [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/RP-T-BR-2017-1-2 Textus] [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/press/press-releases/tefafs-top-masterpiece-to-the-rijksmuseum De collectu] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato di agricoltura'' [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_WFYxxvLvl6cC Editio 1850] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Della cultura degli orti e giardini'' in Giuseppe Sarchiani, ed., ''Della cultura degli orti e giardini: trattato di Giovanvettorio Soderini'' (Florentiae, 1814) [https://archive.org/details/dellaculturadegl00sode Textus] * ante 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato degli animali domestici'' in Alberto Bacchi della Lega, ed., ''Il trattato degli animali domestici di Giovanvettorio Soderini'' (Bononiae, 1907) [https://archive.org/details/iltrattatodegli00sodegoog Textus] * 1600 : [[Ioannes Victorius Soderini]], ''Trattato della coltivazione delle viti''. Florentiae: Giunti [https://archive.org/stream/trattatodellacol00sode#page/n195 Editio 1806] * 1600 : [[Olivarius de Serres|Olivier de Serres]], ''[[Le Théâtre d'agriculture|Le Theatre d'agriculture et mesnage de champs]]'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1510895w/f167 Textus] == 1601-1650 == * 1601 : [[Iohannes Hugonis Linscotanus|Jan Huygen van Linschoten]], ''Voyagie, ofte schip-vaert ... van by Noorden ...'' [https://archive.org/details/itinerariovoyage00lins Textus] * 1601 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1601)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''[[Rariorum plantarum historia]]'' (Antverpiae, 1601) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000810538#page/n577/mode/2up appendix p. ccii]}} * 1601 : {{ec|id=Spachius (1601)|c=[[Israel Spachius]], interpr.; [[Ioannes Fragosus]], ''Aromatum, fructuum et simplicium aliquot medicamentorum ex India utraque .. in Europam delatorum ... historia brevis''. Argentinae {{Google Books|0oo6AAAAcAAJ}}}} * circa 1602 : {{ec|id=Champlain (c. 1602)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Brief Discours des choses plus remarquables que Sammuel Champlain de Brouage a reconneues aux Indes Occidentalles'' in C.-H. Laverdière, ed., ''Oeuvres de Champlain'' vol. 1 (Quebeci, 1870) [https://archive.org/stream/uvresdechamplai01cham#page/n91/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/narrativeofvoyag00chamrich Versio Anglica 1859]}} * 1603 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1603)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Des Sauvages, ou Voyage de Samuel Champlain de Brouage'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626417m/f1.image Textus]}} * 1603 : {{ec|id=Vocabulario (1603)|c=''Vocabulario da lingoa de Japam, com adeclaração em portugues, feito por alguns padres e irmaõs da Companhia de Jesu''. Em Nengasaqui [Nagasaki], 1603 [https://archive.org/details/nippojishovocabv06doit Exemplar mutuabile] }} * ante 1604 : [[Thomas Moffetus]]; ''[[Health's Improvement|Healths Improvement]]'' (Christopher Bennet, ed. Londinii: Samuel Thomson, 1655 [https://www.loc.gov/item/07018644/ Textus] [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A89219.0001.001 editio interretialis]) * 1604 : [[Lancelot de Casteau]], ''[[Ouverture de cuisine]]'' * 1604 : {{ec|id=Rios (1604)|c=[[Gregorius de los Ríos|Gregorio de los Rios]], ''Agricultura de iardines'' s.v. "pomates" {{Google Books|M6br_Cu7EZ4C|Fasciculus ultimus}}}} * 1604 : [[Iosephus de Acosta|José de Acosta]], Eduardus Grimston, interpr., ''[[Naturalis et moralis Indiae Occidentalis historia|The naturall and moral historie of the East and West Indies]]'' (Londinii, 1604) [https://archive.org/stream/naturallmoralhis00acos#page/n297/mode/2up pp. 270-273] * 1605 : {{ec|id=Clusius (1605)|c=[[Carolus Clusius]], ''[[Exoticorum libri decem]]'' (Antverpiae) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000811387#page/n69/mode/1up pp. 55-56]}} * 1605 : [[Garcias Lasus Inca|Inca Garcilaso de la Vega]], ''La Florida del Ynca''. Olisipone: Pedro Crasbeeck [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000012387 Textus]; [https://www.cervantesvirtual.com/portales/inca_garcilaso_de_la_vega/su_obra_florida/ aliter] {{Google Books|ep3QmNeIcLoC}} * 1607 : Gianfranco Angelita, ''I pomi d'oro'' * 1607: John Nicholl, ''An Houre Glasse of Indian Newes''. London: Nathaniel Butter, 1607 {{Google Books|FajVAAAAMAAJ}} * 1608 : Diego González Holguín, ''Vocabulario dela lengua general de todo el Peru llamada lengua Qquichua, o del Inca''. Ciudad de los Reyes: por Francisco del Canto [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/n214/mode/1up p. 203], [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/n329/mode/2up 318], [https://archive.org/details/vocabulariodelal01gonz/page/350/mode/2up 350]; [https://www.memoriachilena.gob.cl/archivos2/pdfs/MC0033184.pdf aliud exemplar] ("llakhuani, llakhuaricupuni, rocoto, rokro, uchu") * 1608 : [[Rembertus Dodonaeus]], ''Cruydt-boeck'' (nova editio). Lugduni Batavorum: Ravelingen, 1608 {{Google Books|IMdvUCbavCIC|pp. 1212-1214}}; eiusdem ''Cruydt boeck volgens sijne laetzte verbeteringhe''. Balthasar Moretus, 1644 {{Google Books|A49LAAAAcAAJ|pp. 1122-1126}} * 1609 : [[Marcus Lescarbot|Marc Lescarbot]], ''Histoire de la Nouvelle France, contenant les navigations, découvertes, et habitations faites par les François és Indes Occidentales et Nouvelle-France''. Lutetiae: Jean Milot [https://archive.org/details/lesmusesdelanouv00lesc/page/n273/mode/2up p. 213]; 3a ed. Lutetiae: Adrian Perier, 1617-1618 [https://archive.org/details/histoiredelanouu00lesc/page/930 p. 931] * 1609 : Juan Barrios, ''Libro en el cual se trata del chocolate''. Mexicopoli (de hoc libro vide {{qc|id=Pinelo (1636)}} f. 120r; [http://www.scielo.org.mx/pdf/ecn/v46/v46a3.pdf p. 70]) * 1609 : [[Ricardus Hakluytus|Richard Hackluyt]], interpr., ''Virginia richly valued, by the description of the maine land of Florida ... out of the foure yeeres continuall trauell ... of Don Ferdinando de Soto, and sixe hundred able men in his companie''. Londinii: Matthew Lownes; [https://archive.org/details/virginiarichlyva00knig/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A12615 Recensio interretialis Oxoniensium] et [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A12615.0001.001/1:1?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Michiganensium] necnon [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34997/34997-h/34997-h.htm incepti Gutenberg] {{Google Books|jD4VAAAAYAAJ|Reimpressio anni incerti}} * 1609-1617 : [[Garcias Lasus Inca]], ''[[Comentarios Reales de los Incas]]''. Olisipone: en la officina de Pedro Crasbeeck, 1609 [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedelo00vega pars 1]; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_cRWQ_k1TXmUC pars 2]; [http://shemer.mslib.huji.ac.il/lib/W/ebooks/001531300.pdf recensio interretialis] <!-- standard title from part 2, f. 1 --> * c. 1610 : Reginaldo de Lizárraga, ''Descripción breve de toda la tierra del Perú, Rio de la Plata y Chile'' (Manuel Serrano y Sanz, ed., ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2 [Matriti: Bailly, Baillière, 1909] [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/page/553/mode/1up p. 553]) ("ají") * 1611 : {{ec|id=Gregorius de Regio (1611)|c=[[Gregorius de Regio]], "[[De varietate capsicorum]]" in [[Carolus Clusius]], ''Curae posteriores'' [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_18RbAAAAQAAJ#page/n107/mode/2up pp. 95-108]}} * 1611 : [[Theodorus de Bry]], ed., ''Florilegium novum'' [https://archive.org/details/florilegiumnovu00bryj Textus] * 1611 : [[Randle Cotgrave]], ''[[A Dictionarie of the French and English Tongues]]''. Londinii: Adam Islip [http://www.pbm.com/~lindahl/cotgrave/ Editio interretialis] * 1611 : Sebastián de Covarrubias Orozco, ''Tesoro de la lengua castellana o española''. Matriti: por Luis Sanchez {{Google Books|K10MJdL7pGIC|f. 588v}} ("Pimiento: una mata que echa cierta fruta colorada, y esta quema como pimienta, demanera que adereçandola con tostarla en el horno, suple por la pimienta") * 1612 : [[Paulus Hentznerus]], ''Itinerarium Germaniae, Galliae, Angliae, Italiae''. Norimbergae [https://archive.org/details/itinerariumgerma00hent Textus] * 1612 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1612)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], "Carte géographique de la Nouvelle Franse faicte par le Sieur de Champlain Saint Tongois" [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b53098793g/f1 imago]}} * c. 1613 : [[Martinus de Murua]], ''Historia general del Perú'' {{Google Books|069OAgAAQBAJ|lib. 1 cap. 7 et alibi}} ("axi") * 1613 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1613)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Les Voyages du Sieur de Champlain Xaintongeois'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/lesvoyagesdusieu00cham Textus] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1094934/f1.image Textus]}} * 1613 : [[Basilius Besler]], ''[[Hortus Eystettensis|Hortus Eystettensis, sive Diligens et accurata omnium plantarum, florum, stirpium... quae in celeberrimis viridariis arcem episcopalem ibidem cingentibus, hoc tempore conspiciuntur, delineatio et ad vivum repraesentatio]]'' [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=1617 vol. 1] [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=1623 vol. 2] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/creator/94396#/titles voll. 1-2 alio itinere] [https://archive.org/details/HortusEystettensisSiveDiligensEtAccurataOmniumPlantarumFlorumStirpium1613BasiliusBeslerIII vol. 1 alibi] * 1613 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''The English Husbandman''. Londinii [http://www.gutenberg.org/files/22973/22973-h/22973-h.htm Recensio interretialis] * 1613 : [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]]; Ioannes Cornelius Uterverius, Hieronymus Tamburinus, edd., ''De piscibus libri V, et De cetis lib. unus'' (Bononiae) [http://amshistorica.cib.unibo.it/diglib.php?inv=17 pp. 692-696] * 1614 : {{ec|id=Yi Su-gwang (1614)|c=[[Yi Su-gwang]], ''[[Variae commentationes Jibong]]'' (''Jibong yuseol'': vide {{qc|id=Dott (2020)}} p. 24) }} * 1614 : Diego Granado, ''Libro del arte de cozina''. Lerida: Manescal, 1614 [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00001044-001/ Textus] * 1615 : {{ec|id=Des Moulins (1615)|c=Jean Des Moulins, interpr.; [[Iacobus Dalecampius|Jacques Daléchamps]], ''Histoire générale des plantes''. Lugduni {{Google Books|QZgOp_vxrEkC|pars 1 pp. 538-539}} {{Google Books|tJRDAAAAcAAJ|pars altera}} }} * 1615 : {{ec|id=Ximenez (1615)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; Francisco Ximenez, interpr., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|Quatro libros de la naturaleza y virtudes de las plantas y animales que estan recevidos en el uso de medicina en la Nueva Espana]]'' (1615) lib. 2 cap. 3 [http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/spa/Libro.php?Libro=4961 ff. 72r-74r] {{Google Books|qQpFp_bImPMC}} {{GB|IRtmAAAAcAAJ|aliud exemplar}} }} * 1615 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''Countrey Contentments ... [The English huswife]'' [https://archive.org/details/b30337628 Textus] * 1615 : [[Ioannes Murrell|I. M.]], ''A New Booke of Cookerie ... London Cookerie''. Londinii: John Browne, 1615 fol. B 8 [https://www.uni-giessen.de/fbz/fb05/germanistik/absprache/sprachverwendung/gloning/tx/1615murr.htm Editio interretialis] ("To make an oyster pye") * 1615 : [[Ioannes de Turrecremata|Juan de Torquemada]], ''[[Monarchia Indiana|Veinte y un libros rituales y monarchia Indiana]]''. 3 voll. Hispali: Matthias Clavijo, 1615 [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos01torq vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos02torq 2] [https://archive.org/details/iaiiiapartedelos03torq 3] * 1615 : Ralph Hamor, ''A true discourse of the present estate of Virginia, and the successe of the affaires there till the 18 of June 1614'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/truediscourseofp00hamo_0/page/22/ p. 22 editionis 1626] ("pissmienplums in bygnes and fashion like a medlar, of a stypticke quality") * 1616 : [[Philippus Guamán Poma de Ayala]], ''[[El primer nueva corónica y buen gobierno]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.kb.dk/permalink/2006/poma/info/en/frontpage.htm Recensio interretialis] * 1616 : [[Fabius Columna]], ''Minus cognitarum rariorumque nostro coelo orientium stirpium ecphrasis'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810439 Textus] * 1616 : [[Martinus de Murua]], ''[[Historia general del Piru]]'' (manuscriptum) [http://www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary/9780892368952.html Editio facsimile 2008] * 1617 : [[Ioannes Murrell|John Murrell]], ''A Daily Exercise for Ladies and Gentlewomen, whereby they may learne and practice the whole art of making pastes, preserves, marmalades, conserves, tartstuffes, gellies, breads, sucket-candies, cordiall waters, conceits in sugar-workes of severall kindes: as also to dry lemonds, orenges, or other fruits''. Londinii: The widow Helm [https://www.loc.gov/item/65059509/ Textus]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo2;idno=A07931.0001.001 editio interretialis] * 1618 : Bartolomé Marradón, ''Diálogos del uso del tabaco y los daños que causa ... y del chocolate y otras bebidas''. Sevilla: Gabriel Ramos [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031019177;view=1up;seq=65 Versio Francogallica imperfecta, 1643] * 1618 : William Lawson, ''A New Orchard and Garden'' * 1619 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1619)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]], ''Voyages et descouvertures faites en la Nouvelle France'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8705145s Textus]}} * 1619 : [[Antonius de Remesal|Antonio de Remesal]], ''Historia de la Provincia de S. Vicente de Chiapa y Guatemala de la orden de nuestro glorioso padre Sancto Domingo'' (Matriti: Francisco de Angulo) [https://archive.org/details/historiadelaprov00reme textus] * 1620 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1620)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''Prodromus Theatri botanici'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000495744 Textus] [http://www.botanicus.org/title/b11921341 pp. 90-91]}} * 1620 : Tobias Venner, ''Via recta ad vitam longam''. Londonii, 1620 (vide et 1638) * c. 1622 : [[Ioannes Smith (explorator)|Ioannes Smith]], ''The Historye of the Bermudaes or Summer Islands'' (manu scriptum, ed. J. Henry Lefroy. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1889 [https://archive.org/details/historyebermuda00unkngoog/ Textus] * 1623 : {{ec|id=Bauhinus (1623)|c=[[Casparus Bauhinus]], ''Pinax Theatri botanici''. Basileae: sumptibus Ludovici Regis [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000495769/page/101/mode/2up pp. 101-103]}} * 1623 : [[Gervasius Markham]], ''Countrey Contentments, or The English huswife'' (editio separata et aucta: olim pars secunda operis ''Countrey Contentments'', 1615) [https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/objects/lse:heh898zor Textus] * 1623 : Pierre Vallet, ''Le Jardin du Roy tres chrestien, Loys XIII, Roy de France et de Navare'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003039788 Textus] * 1624 : [[Ioannes Smith (explorator)|Ioannes Smith]], ''[[The Generall Historie of Virginia, New-England, and the Summer Isles]]''. Londinii: Michael Sparkes, 1624 [https://archive.org/details/generallhistorie00smit_0/ Textus] * 1624 : [[Henricus Wotton|Henry Wotton]], ''[[The Elements of Architecture (Wotton)|The Elements of Architecture]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/architectureelem00wott Textus] * 1624 : Santiago Valverde Turices, ''Un Discurso del chocolate''. Seville (citatio verificanda) * 1625 : [[Franciscus Bacon|Francis Bacon]], "Of Gardens" in ''[[Essays or Counsels|The Essayes Or Counsels, Civill and Morall]". Londinii {{Google Books|JQwzAQAAMAAJ}} * 1625 : [[Ioannes de Laet]], ''Nieuwe wereldt, ofte Beschrijvinghe van West-Indien''. Lugduni Batavorum: Isaack Elzevier, 1625 {{Google Books|VtRIAAAAcAAJ|p. 5 et passim}}; eiusdem ''Novus orbis, seu Descriptionis Indiae Occidentalis libri XVIII'' (1633) [https://archive.org/details/novusorbisseudes00laet/page/7/mode/1up pp. 7, 280, 610] ("Axi") * 1626 : Philip Nichols; {{Creanda|en|Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet|Franciscus Drake (baronettus I)|Francis Drake (nepos)}}, ed., ''Sir Francis Drake revived''. Londinii: Bourne, 1626 [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdrakea00quin/page/n17/mode/2up? Titulus huius editionis] * 1627 : Daniel Rabel, ''Theatrum Florae'' * 1627: Pedro Simón, Primera parte de las noticias historiales de las conquistas de Tierra Firme, en las Indias Occidentales. Cuenca: Domingo de la Yglesia, 1627 [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedela00simn/page/276/mode/2up p. 277], [https://archive.org/details/primerapartedela00simn/page/n717/mode/2up index] (editionis plenae 1882-1892 [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias01simbrich/tierrafirmeindias01simbrich/ vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias02simbrich/ 2], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias03simbrich/ 3], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias04simbrich/ 4], [https://archive.org/details/tierrafirmeindias05simbrich/ 5]) * 1628 : {{Creanda|en|Sir Francis Drake, 1st Baronet|Franciscus Drake (baronettus I)|Francis Drake (nepos)}}, ed., ''The World Encompassed by Sir Francis Drake''. Londinii: Bourne, 1628 [https://www.wdl.org/en/item/624/ Textus]; [http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/rbdk.d042 Textus] apud Bibliotheca Congressus; [http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/pds/amerbegin/contact/text5/drake.pdf Editio interretialis] * 1628 : {{ec|id=Sala (1628)|c=Ioannes Dominicus Sala, ''De alimentis et eorum recta administratione'' (Patavii: Giovanni Batista Martino) [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11105714-6 Textus]}} * 1628-1651 : [[Franciscus Hernandez]] et al., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus|Nova plantarum, animalium et mineralium Mexicanorum historia]]'' a Francisco Hernández in Indis primum compilata, deinde a Nardo Antonio Reccho in volumen digesta (Romae) [http://mertzdigital.nybg.org/cdm/ref/collection/p9016coll23/id/26429 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/rerummedicarumno00hern alius] {{Google Books|lBbVN-xCxTYC|editio 1651}} * 1629 : [[Ioannes Parkinsonus|John Parkinson]], ''[[Paradisi in sole Paradisus terrestris]]'' (Londinii: Humphrey Lownes) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000703782/page/586 pp. 596-598] * 1630 : [[Ioannes Murrell|John Murrell]], ''Murrels Two Books of Cookerie and Carving''. Londinii {{Google Books|s69jMjBUQ4kC|Pars prima editionis 1630}} {{GB|2EB9-2tcdq4C|Pars altera editionis 1650}} {{GB|wAaYygGsMQsC|Pars tertia editionis 1641 cum libri omnis indice}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A51636.0001.001?view=toc recensio interretialis editionis 1641] * 1630: Bartholomaeus Ambrosinus, ''De capsicorum varietate cum suis iconibus brevis historia''. Bononiae: haeres Victorii Benatii, 1630; [https://bibliotecadigitale.uniba.it/entities/publication/8efbcd1a-40fd-45f6-b12e-3db3929027e8 Textus (in fasciculo altero)] * ante 1631 : {{ec|id=Bontius (1642)|c=[[Iacobus Bontius]], ''De medicina Indorum libri quattuor'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1642) [http://data.onb.ac.at/rep/1088AC21 Textus]}} * ante 1631 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], "Historiae naturalis et medicae Indiae orientalis libri sex" in [[Gulielmus Piso]], ''De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica'' (1658) [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753002909064#page/n395/mode/2up Textus] * ante 1631 : L. S. A. M. von Römer, ed., ''Epistolae Jacobi Bontii'' (Bataviae, 1921) * 1631 : [[Antonius Colmenero de Ledesma]], ''Curioso tratado de la naturaleza y calidad del chocolate''. Matriti {{Google Books|1vhmAAAAcAAJ}}; Diego de Vades-forte [i.e. James Wadsworth], interpr., ''A curious treatise of the nature and quality of chocolate''. Londinii: J. Okes, 1640 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A19160.0001.001?view=toc Textus] {{Google Books|UWRpAAAAcAAJ}}; René Moreau, interpr., ''Du chocolate: discours curieux''. Parisiis: Sebastien Cramoisy, 1643 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/010746929 textus]; Marcus Aurelius Severinus Tarsensis, interpr., ''Chocolata inda: opusculum de qualitate et natura chocolatae''. Sevilla, 1644 [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281759 textus]; ''[https://archive.org/details/chocolataindaopu00colm/page/n6 alibi]; Alessandro Vitrioli, interpr., ''Della cioccolata: discorso diuiso in quattro parti'' (Romae, 1667) {{Google Books|wdNxwNfK7JUC}} * 1632 : {{ec|id=Champlain (1632)|c=[[Samuel Champlain]] et al., ''Les Voyages de la Nouvelle-France occidentale, dicte Canada, faits par le Sr de Champlain'' (Lutetiae) [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5685518m/f4 Textus]}} * 1632 : [[Guido Patin|Guy Patin]], ''Traité de la conservation de santé''. 2a ed. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64924n?rk=107296;4 textus] (no info on 1st ed.?) * 1633 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius]], ''De florum cultura''. Romae [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/102250#/summary Textus]; ''Flora overo Cultura di fiori'' (1638) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/104943#/summary Textus] * 1634 : [[Theodorus Mayernius]], ed., ''[[Insectorum theatrum|Insectorum sive minimorum animalium theatrum]], olim ab Edoardo Wottono, Conrado Gesnero, Thomaque Pennio inchoatum, tandem {{Creanda|en|Thomas Muffet|Thomas Moffetus|Tho. Moufeti}} opera ... concinnatum''. Londini: Thomas Cates, 1634 [https://archive.org/details/insectorumsivemi00moff Textus] * 1635 : {{ec|id=Nierembergius (1635)|c=[[Ioannes Eusebius Nierembergius]], ''Historia naturae maxime peregrinae'' (Antverpiae: ex officina Plantiniana, 1635) [https://archive.org/details/IoannisEvsebiiN00Nier/page/362/mode/2up pp. 363-364]}} * 1636 : {{ec|id=Pinelo (1636)|c=Antonio de León Pinelo, ''Question moral si el chocolate quebranta el ayuno eclesiástico''. Matriti [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009285452 Textus]}} * 1638 : {{ec|id=Calancha (1628)|c=Antonio de la Calancha, ''Corónica moralizada del órden de San Agustín en el Peru'' (Barcinone)}} * 1638 : [[Thomas Herbert]], ''Some Yeares Travels into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique''. Londinii {{Google Books|mlJBAAAAcAAJ}} * 1638 : Tobias Venner, ''Via recta ad vitam longam''. Londonii, 1638 (vide et 1620) * 1639 : [[Theodorus Mayernius|Theodore de Mayerne]], Thomas Cademan, ''The Distiller of London, compiled and set forth by the speciall licence and command of the Kings most excellent Majesty, for the sole use of the Company of Distillers of London''. Londinii: Richard Bishop {{Google Books|bF1jAAAAcAAJ}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A06304.0001.001?view=toc Editio interretialis] * 1640 : {{ec|id=Parkinsonus (1640)|c=[[Ioannes Parkinsonus]], ''Theatrum botanicum'' [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5325114272;view=1up;seq=405 pp. 355-359] {{Google Books|5m72g_lC-RcC}}}} * 1640 : [[Basilius Besler]], ''Hortus Eystettensis''. 2a ed. Norimbergae [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003651095/page/n339/mode/2up classis autumnalis tabb. 1-2] * 1640 : Walter Stonehouse, "A Modell of my Garden at Darfield, 1640" in R. T. Gunther, ''Early British Botanists and their Gardens'' (Oxoniae, 1922) pp. 348-351 [https://archive.org/details/earlybritishbota1922gunt Textus] * 1640/1645 : [[Michael Hemmersam]], ''Michael Hemmersams West-Indianische Reißbeschreibung''. Nuremberg: Gerhard Fürst, 1663 [https://katalog.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/cgi-bin/titel.cgi?katkey=1073123412 pp. 47-48] * 1642 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], ''De medicina Indorum libri IV'' (Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium) {{Google Books|Es-IGwAACAAJ}} * 1645 : Guillaume Coppier, ''Histoire et voyage des Indes occidentales, et de plusieurs autres regions maritimes et esloignées''. Lugduni: Jean Huguetan {{Google Books|ToxPXLDzekAC|pp. 80-81, 92, 112}} ("des pimentades") * 1646 : [[Alphonsus de Ovalle]], ''Historica relacion del Reyno de Chile'' [http://www.memoriachilena.cl/602/w3-article-8380.html pp. 4-8, 51-58 editionis 1646] * 1646 : [[Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius]], ''[[Hesperides (Ferrarius)|Hesperides]]''. Romae [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/365#/summary Textus] * 1648 : Henry Hexham, ''Het groot woorden-boeck gestelt in 't Neder-duytsch ende in 't Engelsch'' (Roterodami: Arnout Leers) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_het-groot-woorden-boeck_hexham-henry_1648/page/n399/mode/2up "''Peper-sausse'': Pepper-sauce"] (but which pepper??) * 1648 : [[Gulielmus Piso]], [[Georgius Marcgravius]], ''[[Historia naturalis Brasiliae]]''. Lugduni Batavorum: apud Franciscum Hackium [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_historia-naturalis-brasiliae_folioP678h1648-20882/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000818648 Exemplar manu tinctum] * 1648 : [[Thomas Gage (peregrinator)|Thomas Gage]], ''The English-American his Travail by Sea and Land, or A new survey of the West India's''. Londinii: John Sweeting [https://archive.org/details/graff_1470/page/n7/mode/2up Textus] (ed. Thompson (1958) p. 145) * 1650 : Melchior Sebizius, ''De alimentorum facultatibus libri quinque'' (1650 {{Google Books|5GfgnMMEemYC|in indice}} * 1650 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''A Discours of Husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders''. 2a ed., 1652: ''''Samuel Hartlib his Legacie''. 3a ed., 1655: ''Samuel Hartlib his Legacy of Husbandry''. [https://archive.org/details/b30333453 2a ed.] {{Google Books|RRpN3QEZueQC|3a ed}} == 1651-1700 == * 1651 : {{ec|id=Hernandez (1651)|c=[[Franciscus Hernandez]]; [[Fridericus Caesius]] et al., edd., ''[[Rerum medicarum Novae Hispaniae thesaurus]]'' (Romae) lib. 8 cap. 50 [https://archive.org/stream/rerummedicarumno00hern#page/294/mode/2up pp. 295-296]}} * 1651 : Pierre Morin, ''Catalogues de quelques plantes à fleurs qui sont de present au jardin de Pierre Morin le jeune''. Lutetiae * 1651 : {{ec|id=La Varenne (1651)|c=[[Franciscus Petrus de La Varenne|La Varenne]], ''Le Cuisinier françois'' (Lutetiae: David, 1651) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k114423k/ Textus]; (2a ed. Lutetiae: David, 1652) [https://archive.org/details/lecuisinierfranc00lava/ Textus]}} * 1651 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]], ''Le Jardinier françois''. Lutetiae: Pierre des-Hayes, 1651 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k105504m Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/ned-kbn-all-00002902-001 editio Amstelodamensis 1654] * 1652 : [[Nicholaus Culpeper|Nicholas Culpeper]], ''[[The English Physitian]]'' (Londinii, 1652) [https://archive.org/details/b30335310/page/n9/mode/1up Textus] * 1652 : James Wadsworth, ''Chocolate: or, An Indian Drinke''. Londinii: John Dakins, 1652 * ante 1653 : [[Barnabas Cobo|Bernabé Cobo]], ''[[Historia del Nuevo Mundo]]'' (1890-1893) ([https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev00cobogoog vol. 1][http://bibliotecadigital.aecid.es/bibliodig/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=579 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuevo0002unse vol. 2 alibi] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev00espagoog vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/historiadelnuev01cobogoog vol. 4]; [http://fondosdigitales.us.es/fondos/libros/2423/1012/historia-del-nuevo-mundo-por-el-padre-bernabe-cobo-de-la-compania-de-jesus/ pp. 1012-1164 libri manu scripti]) * 1652-1653 : Philip Nichols, Francis Fletcher et al.; R. D., ed., ''Sir Francis Drake revived; The world encompassed by Sir Francis Drake; A summarie and true discourse; A full relation of another voyage into the West Indies''. Londinii: Bourne, 1652-1653 [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00bourrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 1 i] [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00nichrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 1 ii] [https://archive.org/details/sirfrancisdraker00nichrich/page/n5/mode/2up fasc. 2] [https://archive.org/details/summarieandtrued00biggrich fasc. 3] [https://archive.org/details/fullrelationofan00bourrich fasc. 4] * 1653 : [[Elisabetha Grey (comitissa Cantiae)|Elizabeth Grey, countess of Kent]]; W. J., editor, ''A choice manual of rare and select secrets in physick and chyrurgery''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/b30323368/ Editio 1653]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-choice-manual-_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1659/ editio 1659]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A47269.0001.001 recensio interretialis editionis 1687] * 1653 : W. J., editor, ''A true gentlewomans delight, wherein is contained all manner of cookery''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/truegentlewomans00kent/ Editio 1653]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653_0/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-true-gentlewomans-deli_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1653_1/ alia]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-choice-manual-_kent-elizabeth-grey-co_1659/page/n289/mode/2up editio 1659]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A47270.0001.001 recensio interretialis]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A47269.0001.001/1:10 recensio interretialis editionis 1687] * 1653 : {{ec|id=La Varenne (1653)|c=[[Franciscus Petrus de La Varenne|La Varenne]], ''Le Pastissier françois'' (Lutetiae: J. Gaillard, 1653) (Terence Scully, interpr., ''La Varenne's Cookery'' [Totenais: Prospect Books, 2006] pp. 375-483)}} * 1653 : [[Isaacius Walton|Izaak Walton]], ''[[The Compleat Angler]]''. Londinii: Richard Marriott {{Google Books|u-g5AQAAMAAJ|pp. 161-173 editionis fac-simile}} * 1653 : Ralph Austen, ''A Treatise of Fruit Trees'' * 1654 : [[Iosephus Cooper]], ''The Art of Cookery Refin'd and Augmented, containing an Abstract of Some Rare and Rich Unpublished Receipts of Cookery collected from the Practise of that Incomparable Master of These Arts, Mr. Jos. Cooper, Chiefe Cook to the Late King''. Londinii: R. Lowndes {{Google Books|CY9mAAAAcAAJ}} * 1654 : ''The Ladies Companion''. Londinii: W. Bentley * 1654 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]], ''Les Délices de la campagne''. Lutetiae: Pierre des-Hayes, 1654 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_8RKWuTLrZFYC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1088619 2a ed. 1656] apud Gallica [https://archive.org/details/lesdelicesdelaca00bonn editio Amstelodamensis 1661] * 1655 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''The Reformed Virginian Silk-worm'' {{Google Books|HlHjw-JHMI0C}} * 1655 : [[Samuel Hartlib]], ''The Reformed Common-wealth of Bees'' [https://archive.org/details/reformedcommonwe00hart Textus] * 1655 : [[Olaus Wormius]], ''Museum Wormianum''. Lugduni Batavorum: ex officina Elseviriorum [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/51143811#page/216/mode/1up p. 192] * 1655 : "Philiatrus", ''Natura exenterata''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b30332758/page/n11/mode/2up Textus] (attributed to Alethea Howard, Countess of Arundel, whose portrait appears after the title page) * 1655 : ''[[The Queens Closet Opened]]''. Londinii {{Google Books|Lw1o1y349vQC|editio 1662}} [https://archive.org/details/101493846.nlm.nih.gov De hoc opere] [https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/cuizine/1900-v1-n1-cuizine0888/1019319ar/ De hoc opere] * 1656 : ''The compleat cook'' (published with ''The queens closet opened'' but not clearly connected with it) * 1656 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le Cuisinier''. Lutetiae: David, 1656 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9819294k Textus] apud Gallica (cf. 1659) * 1656 : [[Michaël Boym]], ''[[Flora Sinensis]]''. Viennae Austriae: typis Matthaei Rictii, 1656 [https://neptun.unamur.be/s/neptun/item/8941 Imagines] * post 1656 : [[Petrus Lindeström|Per Lindeström]] ([[:sv:Pedher Lindheström]]); Nils Jacobsson, ed., ''Per Lindeströms resa till Nya Sverige, 1653-1656''. Holmiae: Wahlström & Widstrand, 1923 [https://sok.riksarkivet.se/bildvisning/R0000418_00105 Manuscriptum] * 1658 : [[Iacobus Bontius]], [[Gulielmus Piso]], ''[[De Indiae utriusque re naturali et medica]]'' (Amstelaedami: apud Elzevirios) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753002909064 textus] {{Google Books|k_L7yEyzJ-wC|pars iii p. 200}} ("tlilxochitl ... vaynillae") * 1658 : [[Theodorus Mayernius]], ''Archimagirus Anglo-Gallicus, or Excellent and approved receipts and experiments in cookery''. Londinii: G. Bodell {{Google Books|EI9mAAAAcAAJ}} [https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A50384 Editio interretialis] * 1658 : [[Thomas Moffetus|Thomas Moffet]]; [[Theodorus Mayernius|Theodore de Mayerne]], ed., "[[Insectorum theatrum|The Theater of Insects, or Lesser living creatures]] ... by Tho. Mouffet" in Edward Topsel, ed., ''The History of Four-Footed Beasts and Serpents'' (Londinii: G. Sawbridge) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/151513#page/841/mode/1up Textus] * ante 1659 : [[Ioannes de Palafox|Juan de Palafox y Mendoza]], ''Virtudes del Indio'' (editionis Matritensis 1893 [https://archive.org/details/virtudesdelindi00mendgoog/page/n78/mode/1up p. 61] * 1659 : Thomas Hanmer, ''The Garden Book'' * 1659 : {{ec|id|Lune (1659)|[[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le nouveau cuisinier''. Lutetiae: Pierre David, 1659 [https://archive.org/details/lenouueaucuisini00lune Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' {{Google Books|oo1mAAAAcAAJ|2a ed. 1660}}}} * 1659 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]]? ''Le Maistre d'hostel ... ensemble Le Sommelier ... [Le Confiturier de la cour]''. Lutetiae: Pierre David, 1659 [https://archive.org/details/lemaistredhostel00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1660 : {{ec|id=May (1660)|c=[[Robertus May|Robert May]], ''[[The Accomplished Cook|The accomplisht cook]]'' (Londinii: Wood) [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo2/A88977.0001.001/1:11.13.3?rgn=div3;view=fulltext pp. 289-291]; {{GB|7dhopy-AJ98C|pp. 303-304 editionis 1665}} ("a bisque of carps ... a bisk with carps and other several fishes") {{Google Books|evxmAAAAcAAJ|editio 1671}} [https://archive.org/details/accomplishtcooko00mayr/ editio 1685]}} * 1660 : {{ec|id=Cuisinier méthodique (1660)|c=''[[Le Cuisinier méthodique]]'' (Lutetiae: Jean Gaillard, 1660) [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_41574x02/page/82/mode/2up pp. 82-83] {{Google Books|W41mAAAAcAAJ|pp. 82-83 editionis 1662}} ("potage aux écrevisses en façon de bisque")}} * 1660 : {{ec|id=Almeida (1660)|c=[[Manuel de Almeida]], ''Historia geral de Ethiopia a alta'' (Conimbrigae, 1660) {{Google Books|uSacgFzlt7gC|pp. 42-43}}, cf. C. F. Beckingham, G. W. B. Huntingford, ''Some Records of Ethiopia'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1954) }} * 1660 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Catalogus plantarum circa Cantabrigiam nascentium''. Cantabrigiae: impensis Gulielmi Nealand {{Google Books|qlc-AAAAcAAJ}} * 1661 : Simon Paulli (titulus verificandus); Robert James, interpr., ''A Treatise on Tobacco, Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate''. Londinii: T. Osborne, 1746 * 1661 : [[Ioannes Drouhet|Jean Drouhet]], ''La Moirie de Sen-Moixont''. Pictavii: par Pierre Amassard, 1661 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86120666 Textus] * 1662 : [[Henricus Stubbe|Henry Stubbe]], ''[[The Indian Nectar]], or a Discourse Concerning Chocolata''. Londinii {{Google Books|QyhVAAAAcAAJ}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A61881.0001.001?view=toc recensio interretialis] * 1662 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le nouveau et parfait maistre d'hostel royal''. Lutetiae: Loyson, 1662 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1339465 Textus] apud Gallica * 1662 : ''[[The Queen's Closet Opened|A Queens Delight, or The art of preserving, conserving, and candying, as also a right knowledge of making perfumes, and distilling the most excellent waters]]''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/queensdelightora00unse Textus] * ante 1663 : {{ec|id=Della Valle (1663)|c=[[Petrus della Valle]]; Biagio Deversino, ed., ''Viaggio di Pietro della Valle il pellegrino''. 2 voll. Romae: Mascardi, 1657-1663 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Rf_QVsjgjocC vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/viaggidipietrode02dell vol. 2] editionis 1843; [https://archive.org/details/travelsofpietrod00dell vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.13145 vol. 2] versionis Anglicae)}} * 1663 : {{ec|id=Vasconcellos (1663)|c=[[Simon de Vasconcellos|Simão de Vasconcellos]], ''Chronica da Companhia de Jesu do estado do Brasil'' (Olisipone) lib. 1 cap. 141 {{Google Books|bHT08G-vNSIC|pp. 86-87}} [https://archive.org/details/chronicadacompan00vasc vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/chronicadacompan01vasc vol. 2 editionis 1865] }} * 1664 : [[Athanasius Kircherus]], ''Mundus subterraneus''. Amstelodami [https://archive.org/details/mundussubterrane00unse Textus] [https://archive.org/details/mundussubterrane02kirc 3a ed. 1678] * 1664 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Sylva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (Londinii: [[Regalis Societas Londiniensis|Royal Society]], 1664) [http://www.archive.org/details/sylvaordiscourse00eveluoft Textus apud archive.org] * 1664 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]] et alii, "[[Pomona (Evelyn)|Pomona]], or an appendix concerning fruit-trees in relation to cider" in John Evelyn, ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Sylva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (Londinii: [[Regalis Societas Londiniensis|Royal Society]], 1664) [http://www.archive.org/details/sylvaordiscourse00eveluoft Textus apud archive.org] * 1665 : [[Ioannes Rea|John Rea]], ''Flora, seu De florum cultura, or A complete florilege, furnished with all the requisites belonging to a florist''. Londinii: Thomas Clarke. [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000815081 Textus] * 1667 : [[Athanasius Kircherus]], ''China ... illustrata''. Amstelodami [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_CSjQ6j3dWcsC Textus] [https://htext.stanford.edu/content/kircher/china/kircher.pdf Versio Anglica] * 1668 : [[Ioannes Henricus Meibomius]], ''[[De cervisiis potibusque et ebriaminibus extra vinum aliis]]'' (Helmstadii, 1668) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_e3LsZz6vApMC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1668 : {{ec|id=Ecole (1668)|c=''L'ecole des ragoust, ou Le chef-d'euvre du cuisinier, du patissier et du confiturier''. Lugduni, 1668 [https://archive.org/details/lecoledesragoust00lava/page/84/mode/2up pp. 84-85], [https://archive.org/details/lecoledesragoust00lava/page/330/mode/2up 331-332] ("Bisque de poisson, bisque aux oeufs")}} * 1668 : [[Petrus de Lune|Pierre de Lune]], ''Le Nouveau et Parfait Cuisinier''. Nova ed. Lutetiae [http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/p/frameset/07.html Fragmentum interretiale] * 1669 : [[Kenelmus Digbius|Kenelm Digby]]; George Hartman, ed.? ''[[The Closet of Sir Kenelme Digbie Opened|The Closet of the Eminently Learned Sir Kenelme Digbie Kt. Opened]]''. Londinii: Henry Brome, 1669 {{Google Books|yc1EAQAAMAAJ|Textus e fac-simile demptus}} [https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/16441 editio interretialis] apud ''Project Gutenberg'' [https://archive.org/details/closetofeminentl00digb editio 1677] * 1669 : [[Nicolaus de Bonnefons|Nicolas de Bonnefons]]; [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], interpr., ''The French Gardiner''. Londinii: John Crooke, 1669 [https://archive.org/details/debonnefonsevelynfrenchgardiner2ed/ Textus] * 1670 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Catalogus plantarum Angliae et insularum adiacentium, tum indigenas, tum in agris passim cultas complectens''. Londinii: impensis J. Martyn [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98508w Textus]; [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/82234 2a ed. 1677] * 1671 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''De l'Usage du caphé, du thé, et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere {{Google Books|Ed0EPN_iakUC}}; John Chamberlayne, interpr., ''The Manner of Making Coffee, Tea, and Chocolate, as it is Used in Most Parts of Europe, Asia, Africa, and America''. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson, 1685 * 1671 : W. M., ''The Compleat Cook'' (one of the three parts of The Queens Closet Opened). Londinii: E. Tyler & R. Holt, 1671 (facs. repr. London, Prospect, 1984. The text remained the same through all editions from 1655) * 1671 : [[Li Yu (scriptor)|Li Yu]], ''[[Fortuitae affectuum otiosorum adumbrationes|Xianqing ouji]]'' * ante 1672 : [[Anna Fanshawe]], ''Memoirs''. Editio: ''The Memoirs of Ann Lady Fanshawe, wife of the Right Honble. Sir Richard Fanshawe, Bart., 1600-72''. (Herbert Charles Fanshawe, ed.) Londinii: John Lane, 1907. [https://archive.org/details/memoirsofannlady00fansuoft Textus] * 1672 : William Hughes, ''The American Physitian, or, A Treatise of the Roots, Plants, Trees, Shrubs, Fruit, Herbs, &c. Growing in the English Plantations in America''. Londinii: William Crook {{Google Books|Oa9kAAAAcAAJ}} * 1673 : William Rabisha, ''The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected''. Londinii: E. Calvert, 1673 [https://www.loc.gov/item/44028918/ Textus] (1st ed. 1661?) * 1673 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''Observations topographical, moral, and physiological, made in a journey through part of the Low-Countries, Germany, Italy, and France, with a catalogue of plants ...'' Londinii: John Martyn [https://archive.org/details/observationstopo00rayj Textus] * 1674 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Collection of English Words not generally used ... with catalogues of English birds and fishes''. Londinii {{Google Books|njdWAAAAYAAJ}} * 1675 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''Dictionariolum Trilingue Secundum Locos Communes, Nominibus Usitatioribus Anglicis, Latinis, Graecis, Ordine Parallelo Dispositis''. Londini: Burrel * 1675 : [[Hadrianus Valesius]], ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta''. Lutetiae, 1675 {{Google Books|mSVENQUSrioC|p. 538}} * 1675 : [[Franciscus van Sterbeeck]], ''Theatrum fungorum'' * 1676 : Denis Dodart, ''Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire des plantes'' * 1676-1689 : [[Ioannes Worlidge|John Worlidge]], ''[[Vinetum Britannicum]], or, A treatise of cider and other wines and drinks extracted from fruits growing in this kingdom with the method of propagating all sorts of vinous fruit-trees, and a description of the new-invented ingenio or mill for the more expeditious making of cider''. Londinii: T. Dring, 1676; 2a ed., 1678; 3a ed., 1691; ''The second parts of Systema agriculturae, or, The mystery of husbandry; and, Vinetum Britannicum, or, A treatise of cider; wherein are contained many selected and curious observations ... with the best and most natural rules and methods for the making of cider, and other English liquors''. Londinii, 1689 * 1675 : Hannah Wolley, ''The Queen-Like Closet''. Londinii: Richard Lownes [https://digital.library.lse.ac.uk/objects/lse:mir865luj Textus] * 1676-1679 : [[Ioannes Baptista Tavernier|Jean-Baptiste Tavernier]], ''Les Six Voyages'' (Lutetiae, 1676-1679) {{GB|_cgM18MuVgsC|vol. 1}} {{GB|mV5CAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|edIPyR4KgrsC|''Recueil'' [vol. 3]}} [https://archive.org/details/travelsinindia01tave Version Anglica vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelsinindia02tave 2] * 1677 : ''{{Creanda|en|Bak tongsa|Pak interpres}}'' (''Bak tongsa'' vel ''Piao tongshi'') (Svetlana R. Dyer, interpr., ''Pak the Interpreter: An Annotated Translation and Literary-cultural Evaluation of the Piao Tongshi of 1677''. Pandanus Books, 2006) * 1678 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Collection of English Proverbs''. Cantabrigiae {{Google Books|rnlQoxh95VMC}} * 1678 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''The Ornithology of Francis Willughby of Middleton in the county of Warwick, esq.'' Londinii [https://archive.org/details/ornithologyFran00Will Textus] * 1678-1703 : [[Henricus van Rheede|Henricus van Rhede tot Draakestein]], ''[[Hortus Malabaricus|Horti Malabarici]] pars prima [... duodecima]''. Amstelaedami: sumptibus Johannis van Someren et Joannis van Dyck [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/707 Textus] * 1680-1699 : [[Robertus Morison]], ''Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis'' ... [pars i-iii]. Oxoniae {{GB|kc4wCzH05d4C|i}} {{GB|j0Ks4ncT6QEC|ii}} {{Google Books|lqPQH-5-d-oC|iii}} * 1681 : Robert Knox, ''An Historical Relation of the Island Ceylon in the East-Indies'' (Londinii: Chiswell, 1681) {{Google Books|yFpTAAAAcAAJ|p. 12}} * 1682 : [William Rabisha], ''The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected''. Londinii: George Calvert & Ralph Simpson, 1682 (facs. repr. Totnes, Prospect, 2003; the text remained essentially unchanged from the first edition of 1661) cf. 1673 * 1682 : John Chamberlayne, ''The Natural History of Coffee, Thee', Chocolate, Tobacco''. Londinii: Christopher Wilkinson [https://archive.org/details/naturalhistoryof00chamuoft Textus] * 1682 : ''Methodus plantarum nova : brevitatis & perspicuitatis causa synoptice in tabulis exhibita''. Londinii: Faithorne [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/37647 Textus] * 1682 : [[Ioannes Nieuhof|Johan Nieuhof]], ''Johan Nieuhofs Gedenkweerdige Brasiliaense zee- en lant- reize'' (Amstelodami: Jacob van Meurs) [https://archive.org/details/johannieuhofsged00nieu/page/n233/mode/2up p. 203]; {{Google Books|vOguAAAAIAAJ|p. 292 versionis Lusitanae}} ("Chili lada of Brasiliaense peper. De roode peper, gemeenelijk Brasiliaense peper by d'onzen, en chili lada by de Brasilianen genoemt ...") * 1682: [[Christophorus de Acuña|Cristóbal de Acuña]]; Mr de Gomberville, interpr., ''Relation de la riviere des Amazones'' (4 v. Lutetiae, 1682) quo opere comprehensa sunt Gomberville, 'Dissertation sur la Riviere des Amazones' (v. 1); Jean Grillet, 'Journal du voyage qu'ont fait les pères Jean Grillet et François Bechamel de la Compagnie de Jésus en Goyane l’an 1674'; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi01acua/ 1]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi02acua/ 2]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi03acua/ 3]; [https://archive.org/details/relationdelarivi04acua/ 4] * 1683 : ''The Young Cook's Monitor, or Directions for cookery and distilling, by M. H.'' Londinii: William Downing {{Google Books|ivlmAAAAcAAJ}} * 1685 : Robert May, ''The Accomplisht Cook'' (5a ed. Londinii) [http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/22790 Textus] * 1685 : Philippe Sylvestre Dufour, ''Traitez nouveaux et curieux du café, du thé et du chocolate''. Lugduni: J. Girin, B. Riviere [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_XDU97KHMFu4C Textus] [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009349246 Editio 1693] * 1686-1704 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''[[Historia plantarum generalis (Raius)|Historia plantarum generalis]]'' {{GB|btw-AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1 2a ed.}} {{GB|PXoxquU_jgUC|vol. 2 2a ed.}} {{Google Books|vKzKmrmHNfsC|vol. 3}} * 1687 : Nicolas de Blegny, ''Le Bon Usage du thé, du caffé, et du chocolat''. Lugduni: T. Amaulry [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/009281765 Textus] * 1687 : [[Ioannes Worlidge|John Worlidge]], ''The most easie method for making the best cyder''. Londinii: George Graston * 1687 : [[Nicolaus Parthenius Giannettasius|Nicolaus Parthenius]], ''Halieutica''. Neapoli {{Google Books|RH31fSuOuFgC}} * 1688 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Fasciculus Stirpium Britannicarum, post editum plantarum Angliae catalogum observatarum''. Londinii: Faithorne {{Google Books|pxyYUGCMZs4C}} * 1688 : [[Alexander Exquemelin|Alexandre Olivier Oexmelin]], ''Histoire des avanturiers qui se sont signalez dans les Indes''. Lutetiae: Jacques Le Febvre, 1688 {{Google Books|Td0wf6XxqSQC|pp. 113-114}} ("et après avec une cuillère de bois il ramasse la graisse, qu'il met dans une calebasse; et ensuite il presse le jus de quelques limons ... y joignant un peu de piment, qui donne le goût et le nom à cette sauce, qu'ils appellent pimentade") * ante 1689 : [[Ioannes Reresby|John Reresby]], ''Memoirs''. Editio: James J. Cartwright, ed., ''The Memoirs of Sir John Reresby, of Thrybergh, bart., M. P. for York, &c., 1634-1689''. Londinii: Longmans Green, 1875 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k105383c Textus] * 1690 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica stirpium Britannicarum''. Londini [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/63346 Textus] * 1691 : {{ec|id=Massialot (1691)|c=[[Franciscus Massialot|François Massialot]], ''Le Cuisinier roial et bourgeois''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|HXwOAQAAIAAJ}}}} * 1691 : Richard Ames, ''The Search after Claret''. Londinii: E. Hawkins, 1691 [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A25274.0001.001/1:3?rgn=div1;view=fulltext Editio interretialis] * 1691 : Richard Ames, ''A Farther Search after Claret''. Londinii: E. Hawkins, 1691 {{Google Books|hKbb2W5vyj4C}} * 1691 : {{Creanda|fr|Marie-Catherine d'Aulnoy|Maria Catharina d'Aulnoy|Madame d'Aulnoy}}, ''Relation du voyage d'Espagne''. Hagae Comitum: chez Henri van Bulderen {{Google Books|M5ov-5VQX3kC|vol. 3 pp. 147-148}} ("on laisse tremper longtems le pimento dans du sel et du vinaigre pour en ôter la force") * 1691 : [[Simon de La Loubère]], ''Du Royaume de Siam''. 2 voll. Lutetiae: Coignard [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5418109s vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5415972c 2] * 1693 : [[Franciscus Massialot|François Massialot]], ''Le Cuisinier royal et bourgeois''. 2a ed. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/lecuisinierroyal00mass Textus] * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica animalium quadrupedum et serpentini generis''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_OnACLEEY8WQC Textus] * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''A Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages, in two tomes''. Londinii {{GB|8oMrAQAAMAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|DytDAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} * 1693 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Historia plantarum generalis'' (1693) {{Google Books|btw-AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1 pp. 676-679}} * 1694 : [[Antonius Latini|Antonio Latini]], ''Lo scalco alla moderna''. Neapoli, 1694 {{GB|edZMAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|VHxPSH5JFxAC|vol. 2}} (Tommaso Astarita, interpr., ''Antonio Latini's The Modern Steward'' [Ledesiae: ARC Humanities Press, 2019] [https://assets.ctfassets.net/4wrp2um278k7/3Ok5PSNdcLjxMWsT3lJ1yP/533ac771a1f48e08efb4c2232e7d1813/Antonio_Latini___s_The_Modern_Steward__or_The_Art_of_Preparing_Banquets_Well_ToC___Intro.pdf Textus praefationis]) * 1694 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Stirpium Europaearum extra Britannias nascentium sylloge''. Londini: Smith & Walford {{Google Books|8Fc-AAAAcAAJ}} * 1695 : John Poyntz, ''The present prospect of the famous and fertile island of Tobago''. 2a ed. Londinii, 1695 {{Google Books|5ehmAAAAcAAJ|p. 13}} ("Then there is long pepper, that sprouts up in every angle; and cod pepper, bell pepper, and round pepper, some red, and some green, that grows naturally without cultivation") * ante 1696 : [[Ioannes Aubreius|John Aubrey]], ''[[Brief Lives]]'' (Andrew Clark, ed., ''Brief Lives, chiefly of contemporaries, set down by John Aubrey between the years 1669 and 1696'' [2 voll. Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1898] [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl01aubr 1] [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl02aubr 2]) [https://archive.org/details/briefliveschiefl01aubr/page/224/mode/2up vol. 1 pp. 224-233 et alibi] * 1696 : J. Ovington, ''A Voyage to Suratt in the Year 1689'' (Londinii: Tonson, 1696) [https://archive.org/details/AVoyageToSurattInTheYear1689/page/n419/mode/2up p. 397]; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.79805/page/n261/mode/2up p. 231 editionis 1929] * 1697 : {{ec|id= Dampier (1697)|c= [[Gulielmus Dampier|William Dampier]], ''A New Voyage Round the World'' (Londinii: James Knapton) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-new-voyage-round-the-w_dampier-william_1697/page/296/mode/2up p. 296] apud ''Internet Archive'' }} ("The lime ... is also used for a particular kind of sauce, which is called pepper-sauce, and is made of cod-pepper, commonly called Guinea-pepper, boiled in water, and then pickled with salt, and mixt with lime-juice to preserve it") * 1698 : [[Ioannes Fryer|John Fryer]], ''A New Account of East-India and Persia in Eight Letters'' (Londinii: Chiswell, 1698) [https://archive.org/details/dli.granth.85618/page/404/mode/2up p. 404] * 1698 : {{ec|id= Ward (1698)|c= Edward Ward, ''A Trip to Jamaica: with a true character of the people and island'' 3a ed. (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1641-1700_a-trip-to-jamaica-_ward-edward_1698/page/n14 pp. 14-15] }} * 1699 : [[Martinus Lister|Martin Lister]], ''A journey to Paris in the year 1698'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/McGillLibrary-osl_journey-paris_BO5070_L77325j1698-1699-20094/page/n75/mode/2up pp. 60-63] * 1699 : [[Lionel Wafer]], ''A New Voyage and Description of the Isthmus of America''. Londinii (George Parker Winship, ed., 1903 [https://archive.org/details/newvoyagedescrip00wafe/page/106/mode/2up p. 107]) * 1699 : [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: A Discourse of Sallets]]''. Londinii: Tooke {{Google Books|-fhmAAAAcAAJ}} * 1699 : [[Robertus Morison]], ''Plantarum historiae universalis Oxoniensis''. Oxoniae {{Google Books|lqPQH-5-d-oC|pars iii pp. 528-531; sectionis 13 tabula 2}} ("Solanum urens Capsicum dictum") * 1700 : [[Iosephus Pitton de Tournefort]], ''[[Institutiones rei herbariae (Tournefort)|Institutiones rei herbariae]]'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521648 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521655 vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000521663 vol. 3] == 1701-1750 == * 1702 : [[Franciscus Massialot]]; J. K., interpr., ''The Court and Country Cook, giving new and plain directions how to order all manner of entertainments''. Londinii: A. & J. Churchill {{Google Books|paFhAAAAcAAJ}} * 1702: [[Thomas Campanius Holm]], ''Kort beskrifning om provincien Nya Swerige uti America''. Holmiae: Werner, 1702; [https://litteraturbanken.se/författare/HolmTC/titlar/NyaSwerige/sida/VII/faksimil textus] – Thomas Campanius Holm; Peter S. Du Ponceau, ed., ''Description of the Province of New Sweden''. Philadelphiae: McCarty & Davis, 1834; [https://archive.org/details/descriptionofpro00holm Textus] * 1703 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Nomenclator Classicus''. 4a ed. 1703 {{Google Books|gVFgAAAAcAAJ|p. 38}} * 1703 : Iosephus Browne, ed., ''[[Theodorus Mayernius|Theo. Turquet Mayernii]] ... Opera medica''. Londinii, 1703 {{Google Books|EvRbAAAAcAAJ|pp. 65, 177}} * 1704 : {{ec|id=Dictionnaire universel (1704)|c=''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'' (Trévoux: E. Ganeau) {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 1 s.v. "Amelette"}}, {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 1 s.v. "Aumelette"}} {{{Google Books|cSB28sfaAE8C|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|FdKbUYT-TdoC|vol. 3 s.v. "Omelette"}}}} * 1705 : {{ec|id=Dale (1705)|c={{Creanda|en|Samuel Dale (physician)|Samuel Dale}}, ''Pharmacologiae, seu manuductionis ad materiam medicam, supplementum'' (1705) p. 184 {{Google Books|TapdAAAAcAAJ|cf. editio 1718 p. 193}}}} * 1705 : {{Creanda|fr|Charles de Saint-Évremond|Sancteuremondus}}, ''Oeuvres meslées'' (Londinii: Tonson, 1705) {{GB|6wv7uLCSHiwC|vol. 1}} {{GB|e3rGj2_xGPEC|vol. 2 pars 1 p. 36}} {{Google Books|yj9tGOFo8TAC|vol. 2 pars 2}} * 1706 : "[[Acetaria (Evelyn)|Acetaria: a discourse of sallets]]" in [[Ioannes Evelyn|John Evelyn]], ''[[Sylva (Evelyn)|Silva, or a discourse of forest-trees and the propagation of timber in His Majesty's dominions]]'' (4a ed. Londinii, 1706) [https://archive.org/details/b30414155/page/130/mode/2up pars 2 pp. 131-213] * 1707 : [[Ioannes Christophorus Becmanus]], ''Historia orbis terrarum geographica et civilis''. 6a ed. 1707 {{Google Books|F4dBAAAAcAAJ|p. 420}} * 1707-1725 : [[Ioannes Sloane|Hans Sloane]], ''A Voyage to the Islands Madera, Barbadoes, Nieves, S. Christophers and Jamaica'' (2 voll. Londinii, 1707–1725) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11242#page/411/mode/1up vol. 1 p. 240], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/11241#page/401/mode/1up vol. 2 p. 378] * 1709 : ''Ein neues und nutzbahres Koch-Buch: in welchem zu finden, wie man verschiedene herrliche und wohl-schmäckende Speisen bereiten solle''. Lipsiae: Thomas Fritschen (Winfried Fischer, Klaus-Peter Wende, edd., ''Ein neues und nutzbahres Koch-Buch''. Rosenheimer Verlagshaus, 1976) {{Google Books|6Pyg7i2dQiIC|Editio 1976}} * 1711 : Charles Lockyer, ''An account of the trade in India''. Londinii, 1711 [https://archive.org/details/pli.kerala.rare.11854/ Textus] * 1711 : [[Ioannes Chardin|Jean Chardin]], ''Voyages de Monsieur le chevalier Chardin en Perse et autres lieux de l'Orient''. 3 vols. Amstelodami: Jean Louis de l'Orme, 1711 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k10503900 vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k1050392t 2], [https://archive.org/details/bub_gal_ark_12148_bpt6k1050394n 3] (fullest edition) * 1712 : {{ec|id=Kaempfer (1712)|c=[[Engelbertus Kaempfer]], ''Amoenitatum exoticarum politico-physico-medicarum fasciculi V'' [https://archive.org/details/b30500606_0001/page/836/mode/2up pp. 837-840]}} * 1713 : [[Ioannes Raius]], ''Synopsis methodica avium et piscium: opus posthumum''. Londini. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_d5NnSulin5oC Textus] * 1714 : Mary Kettilby, ''{{Creanda|en|A collection of above three hundred receipts in cookery, physick and surgery}}'' (Londinii, 1714) [https://archive.org/details/b30514976_0001/page/42/mode/2up p. 43] * 1717 : [[Paulus Hermannus]], ''Musaeum Zeylanicum''. Lugduni Batavorum: Isaacus Severinus, 1717 {{Google Books|JQ2Cw8x_8l0C|p. 61}}; {{GB|z0U-AAAAcAAJ|p. 61 editionis 1726}} * 1718 : ''Mrs. Mary Eales's receipts''. London: at Mr. Cooper's; [https://archive.org/details/b33020784/page/88/mode/2up Textus] * 1719 : Giovanni Francesco Upezzinghi, ''Il cuoco in villa''. Urbini, 1719 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_7WS5bUYnlckC Textus] * 1719 : ''Histoire naturelle du cacao, et du sucre''. Lutetiae: Laurent d'Houry {{Google Books|EHuU46ZlOoIC|p. 135}} * 1721 : {{ec|id=Dictionnaire universel (1721)|c="Amelette, Aumelette, Omelette" in ''Dictionnaire universel françois et latin'' (Trévoux: F. Delaulne) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k509621/f196 vol. 1 col. 338], [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50963c vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50964q 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k316749f 4] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k50966d 5]]}} * c. 1722 : [[Franciscus Ximénez de Quesada]], ''Historia natural de la provincia de San Vicente de Chiapas y Guatemala'' * 1722 : {{ec|id=Labat (1722)|c=[[Ioannes Baptista Labat|Jean Baptiste Labat]], ''Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique'' (6 voll. Lutetiae: Théodore Le Gras, 1722) [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux01laba_0/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux02laba_0/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux03laba_0/ 3] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux04laba_0/ 4] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux05laba_0/ 5] [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyageaux06laba_0/ 6] }} * 1723 : John Nott, ''The Cooks and Confectioners Dictionary'' (1723) [https://archive.org/details/cooksandconfect00nottgoog/page/n399/mode/2up 152: To dress pikes a la Sainte Robert] ("make your Sauce Robert in the following manner") * 1723-1735 : Aerae Yongzheng ''Chorographia Shandong'' (山东通志): 秦椒，色红有子与花椒味俱辛 ("Pipera ''qin'' colore rubra, granis plena, tam calida quam [[zanthoxyli fructus]]") * ante 1725 : Henry Barham, ''Hortus Americanus'' (Kingston Iamaicae, 1794) [https://archive.org/details/b29319870/page/30/mode/2up pp. 30-31] * 1725 : Noël Chomel; R. Bradley, ed., ''Dictionaire oeconomique, or The family dictionary''. Londinii: D. Midwinter, 1725 {{Google Books|iXIiAQAAMAAJ|s.v. Civet}} * 1726 : {{ec|id=Sanfelicius (1726)|c=Antonius Sanfelicius, ''Campania notis illustrata''. Neapoli: Johannes-Franciscus Paci {{Google Books|Y4UqAO-bSwIC|pp. 121-123}}}} * 1727 : {{ec|id=Smith (1729)|c=[[Eliza Smith]], ''The Compleat Housewife''. Londinii {{Google Books|h_ZAAQAAMAAJ|3a ed. 1729}} [https://www.loc.gov/item/48039324/ 4a ed. 1730] [https://archive.org/details/b30498090_0001 6a ed. 1734] {{Google Books|7OJQAQAAIAAJ|9a ed. 1739}} [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=evans;idno=N04107.0001.001 Editio interretialis editonis Virginianae 1742]}} * 1727 : [[Alexander Hamilton (nauta)|Alexander Hamilton]], ''A new account of the East Indies''. 2 voll. Edinburgi, 1727 {{GB|1ombp1gBqKsC|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|2YCoCwtJd1gC|vol. 2}} -- 2a ed. Londinii, 1739 -- [3a ed.] 2 voll. Londinii, 1743; [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast01hamigoog/page/n7/mode/2up vol. 1]; vol. 2 pp. [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast00hamigoog/page/n55/mode/2up 42], [https://archive.org/details/anewaccounteast00hamigoog/page/n205/mode/2up 193] ("cod-pepper") -- Editio 1930 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503139/page/n9/mode/2up vol. 2] -- Impressio 1995 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.278509/page/n3/mode/2up vol. 1] * 1731-1754 : {{ec|id=Zedler|c=Johann Heinrich Zedler, ed., ''Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste'' [https://www.zedler-lexikon.de/index.html?c=zedlerinfo&l=de editio interretialis]}} * 1733 : Sarah Harrison, ''The house-keeper's pocket-book, and compleat family cook''. Londinii {{Google Books|8z-xmsHoqPQC|2a ed. 1739}} {{GB|yE3ncQhWcEsC|"3a ed." Dublini, 1738}} {{GB|77FH9N99Yk4C|5a ed., 1751}} {{GB|rYcEAAAAYAAJ|7th ed., 1760}} * 1733 : {{ec|id=La Chapelle (1733)|c=[[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''The Modern Cook'' (3 voll. Londinii: Nicolas Prevost, 1733) [https://archive.org/details/moderncook01lach vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/moderncook02lach 2] [https://archive.org/details/moderncook03lach 3]}} * 1735 : {{ec|id=La Chapelle (1735)|c=[[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''Le cuisinier moderne'' (4 voll. Hagae Comitum, 1735) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1042599r vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1042601c 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10426036 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k10426051 4]}} * 1735 : {{ec|id=Alpinus, ed. Veslingius (1735)|c=[[Prosper Alpinus]]; Ioannes Veslingius, ed., ''Prosperi Alpini ... Historiae Aegypti naturalis pars prima [... secunda]'' (1735) [https://archive.org/details/prosperialpinima11735alpi/page/228/mode/2up p. 229]}} * 1737 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ''A Compleat Collection of English Proverbs; also the most celebrated proverbs of the Scotch, Italian, French, Spanish, and other languages ... A Collection of English Words''. Londinii: J. Hughs {{Google Books|VuhDAAAAcAAJ}} * 1737 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Critica Botanica'' (Lugduni Batavorum, 1737) [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/viewer/11541/?offset=#page=107&viewer=picture&o=bookmark&n=0&q= p. 91] [http://linnean-online.org/120000/ alibi] * 1737 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''[[Hortus Cliffortianus]]''. Amstelodami [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/690 Textus] * 1737 : [[Ioannes Burmannus]], ''Thesaurus Zeylanicus''. Amstelaedami: apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & Salomonem Schouten [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/734 Textus] * 1738 : [[Ioannes Raius|John Ray]], ed., ''Travels through the Low Countries ... vol. 1'', ''A Collection of Curious Travels and Voyages ... vol. 2''. 2a ed. Londinii: J. Walthoe [etc.] [https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughlo01rayj vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelsthroughlo02rayj vol. 2] * 1738 : Joseph Pitts, ''A faithful account of the religion and manners of the Mahometans'' (4a ed. Londinii: Longman, 1738) {{Google Books|swthAAAAcAAJ|pp. 23-24}} * 1738 : Thomas Shaw, ''Travels, or observations relating to several parts of Barbary and the Levant'' (Oxoniae, 1738) [https://archive.org/details/travelsorobserva00shaw/page/n15/mode/2up p. v] * 1738 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Classes plantarum'' * 1738 : Petrus Artedus, ''Synonymia nominum piscium fere omnium''. Lugduni Batavorum: aopud Conradum Wishoff, 1738 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97177c/ Textus] cf. 1793 * 1739 : {{ec|Menon (1739)|Menon, ''Nouveau traité de la cuisine''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511758k vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511760n 2] apud Gallica}} * 1739 : {{ec|Marin (1739)|[[Franciscus Marin|François Marin]], ''Les Dons de Comus''. Lutetiae: Prault, 1739 {{Google Books|DhH_o1xyRaMC}}}} * 1740 : ''Le Cuisinier gascon''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511832p Textus] * 1742 : {{ec|Marin (1742)|[[Franciscus Marin|François Marin]], ''Suite des Dons de Comus''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: veuve Pissot, 1742 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512116g vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15121189 vol. 2] apud Gallica {{Google Books|7yA_clSTZc0C|vol. 3}}}} * 1742 : {{ec|Menon (1742)|[Menon], ''La Nouvelle Cuisine ... continuation au Nouveau traité de la cuisine''. Lutetiae {{Google Books|9YU7AAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1742 : [[Vincentius La Chapelle|Vincent La Chapelle]], ''Le cuisinier moderne'' (2a ed. 5 voll. Hagae Comitum, 1742) [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode04chapgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode01chapgoog 2] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode00chapgoog 3] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode02chapgoog 4] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermode03chapgoog 5] * 1742 : {{ec|id=Labat (1742)|c=[[Ioannes Baptista Labat|Jean Baptiste Labat]], ''Nouveau voyage aux isles de l'Amerique'' (Lutetiae: Théodore Le Gras, 1742) [https://archive.org/details/nouveauvoyagea02laba/page/228/mode/2up pp. 228-229]}} * 1742 : Savary des Bruslons, ''Dictionnaire universel de commerce, d'histoire naturelle et des arts et métiers''. Nova ed. Genavae {{Google Books|XEgOLE6F52IC|vol. 2 coll. 272-273}} ("Poivre de Guinée") * 1743 : ''Voyages de Monsr. Shaw, M. D. dans plusieurs provinces de la Barbarie et du Levant'' (2 voll. Hagae Comitum: Neaulme, 1743) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_JnvRiNp8-AEC vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_GTXTRek7HHQC 2] * 1745 : [[Ioannes Altamiras|Juan Altamiras]], ''Nuevo arte de la cocina española'' * 1745 : {{Rumphius}} vol. 5 p. 247 et tab. 88; cf. {{Merrill}} [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38882613#page/470/mode/1up p. 462] * 1746 : Menon, ''La Cuisinière bourgeoise''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1512126v Textus] aud Gallica; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9793731w ed. 1748] {{Google Books|DpNhwxHGEcEC|ed. 1750}} {{Google Books|4CGDiYkKP1kC|ed. 1769}} * 1747 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1747)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' (Londinii, 1747) [https://archive.org/details/artofcookerymade00glas/page/130/mode/2up pp. 130-131] ("To pickle mackrel, call'd caveach")}} * 1747 : Jacques-Philibert Rousselot de Surgy, ''Histoire generale des voyages''. Lutetiae: Didot {{Google Books|M5gm9gXcGA4C|vol. 12 p. 436}} ("Côte de Malaguette: ... La dernière espèce de poivre qui s'appelle ice piment, et qui porte en Europe le nom de poivre d'Espagne croît en abondance sur la Côte. Il y a deux sortes de piment, le grand et le petit, tous deux verds d'abord; mais le petit prend ensuite un fort beau rouge, et le grand tourne sur le noir ... Le piment confit au vinaigre ou au jus de limon passe pour un excellent stomachique") * 1748 : {{ec|id=Behr (1748)|c=Georg Heinrich Behr, ''Zwey Bücher Von der Materia medica''. Argentorati {{Google Books|P_JaAAAAcAAJ|p. 506}} ("''Vinum Andegaviense'' oder ''Vin d'Anjou'')}} * 1748-1799 : [[Georgius Washingtonius]], ''[[Georgii Washingtonii Ephemerides|Diaries]]'' (Donald Jackson, Dorothy Twohig, edd., ''The Diaries of George Washington'' vol. 4, 1784-1786 [Charlottesville, 1978] [https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/mss/mgw/mgwd/wd04/wd04.pdf diebus 13 et 28 Iunii 1785]) * 1749 : ''[[L'Ecole du jardin potager]]''. Lutetiae [https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/doi/10.3931/e-rara-21828 Textus] apud ''e-Rara'' * 1749 : [Menon], ''La Science du maître d'hôtel cuisinier''. Lutetiae [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k54549881 Textus]; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15119766 ed. 1768] apud Gallica == 1751-1800 == * 1751 : Joseph Gilliers, ''Le cannameliste français''. Nancy; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15120483 textus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30410095/ editio 1768] * 1752 : "Brasilien-Pfeffer" in Carl Günther Ludovici, ''Eröffnete Akademie der Kaufleute, oder vollständiges Kaufmanns-Lexicon'' vol. 1 (Lipsiae, 1752) {{Google Books|dbxRAAAAcAAJ|coll. 2091-2095}} * 1753 : {{ec|id=Linnaeus (1753)|c={{Linnaeus SP|185}}}} * 1753 : {{ec|id=Höjer (1753)|c= [[Iohannes Christianus Höjer|Johannes Christ. Höjer]]; [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ed., ''Demonstrationes plantarum in horto Upsaliensi'' (Upsaliae, 1753) {{Google Books|hGpQAAAAcAAJ|p. 3 nota subiuncta}} (alia editione [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k98436v/f9.item p. 401 nota subiuncta]) }} * 1753-1761 : [[Petrus Kalm|Pehr Kalm]], ''En resa til Norra America'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/35535 Textus] * 1755 : [[Ioannes Fridericus Gronovius|Iohannes Fredericus Gronovius]], ''Flora orientalis, sive recensio plantarum, quas ... [[Leonhartus Rauwolfius|Leonhardus Rauwolffus]] ... annis 1573-1574 et 1575 in Syria, Arabia, Mesopotamia, Babylonia, Assyria, Armenia & Iudaea crescentes observavit''. Lugduni Batavorum: de Groot [http://www.mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10302832-1 Textus] * 1755 : {{ec|Menon (1755)|Menon, ''[[Les Soupers de la cour]]''. 4 voll. Lutetiae: Guillyn, 1755 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6468593p vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64685943 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6463215w 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64524528 4] apud Gallica; {{GB|yzE7AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|QTI7AAAAcAAJ|2}} {{GB|VDI7AAAAcAAJ|3}} {{Google Books|dTI7AAAAcAAJ|4}}; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511948w ed. 1778 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1511950z 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15119781 3]}} * 1755 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1755)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]'' (5a ed. Londinii, 1755) [https://archive.org/details/b30501842/page/334/mode/2up p. 334] ("To make India pickle")}} * 1756 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Centuria II. Plantarum ...'' (Upsaliae, 1756) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36017975#page/14/mode/1up pp. 10-11] * 1756 : Mrs. Martha Bradley, ''The British housewife''. 2 vols. London [1758]; [https://archive.org/details/b30528574_0001/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 1]; [https://archive.org/details/b30528574_0002/page/n5/mode/2up vol. 2] (first published as part-work in 1756, then in 2 vols in 1758, says Lehmann; older sources say 1760 and even 1770) * 1757 : ''Hygiene dogmatico-practica rationem conservandae sanitatis corporis humani ... exponens''. Francofurti: Gaum {{Google Books|YN6CCrfVIlMC|p. 199}} * 1757 : {{ec|id=Hill (1757)|c=John Hill, ''Eden, or a compleat body of gardening'' (Londinii: Osborne, 1757) [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000809647/page/n64/mode/1up p. 47]}} * 1757 : [[Ricardus Bentley|Richard Bentley]], interpr.; [[Horatius Walpole|Horace Walpole]], ed. [[Paulus Hentznerus]], ''A Journey into England by Paul Hentzner in the year MDXCVIII''. Strawberry Hill. [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125011039175 Textus] * 1758 : Juan Altamiras, ''Nuevo arte de cocina''. Barcinone: Bezàres, 1758 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000098942 Textus] * 1758 : {{ec|id=Glasse (1758)|c=[[Anna Glasse|Hannah Glasse]], ''[[The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy]]''. 6a ed. Londinii {{Google Books|8I9cAAAAcAAJ|pp. 353, 374}} ("How to make mead; To make white mead")}} * 1758 : [Menon], ''Cuisine et office de santé''. Lutetiae [1757] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15117649 Textus] apud Gallica {{Google Books|vNlQAQAAIAAJ}} * 1758 : {{ec|id=Dombi (1758)|c=Samuel Dombi, ''Dissertatio inauguralis physico-chemico-medica de vino Tokaiensi''. Traiecti ad Rhenum: Broedelet {{Google Books|afpAAQAAMAAJ}}}} * 1759 : [[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Amoenitates academicae'' vol. 4 (Holmiae, 1759) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/15496#page/310/mode/1up p. 307] * 1759 : William Verral, ''A complete system of cookery'' (London, 1759) [https://archive.org/details/completesystemof00verr/page/234/mode/2up pp. 235-240] ("The best method of dissecting, preparing and dressing of a turtle") * 1759: Israel Acrelius, ''Beskrifning om de Svenska Församlingars forna och närvarande tillstånd uti det så kallade Nya Sverige''. Stockholm: Harberg & Hesselberg, 1759; [https://archive.org/details/beskrifningomdes00acre textus] (p. 167: " ... Pungpeppar ... " – Israel Acrelius; William M. Reynolds, ed., A history of New Sweden, or The settlements on the river Delaware. Philadelphia, Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1874; [https://archive.org/details/historyofnewswed00acre/ textus] * 1762-1778 : Christopher Sauer, "Kurtzgefasstes Kräuterbuch" (William Woys Weaver, interpr., ''Sauer's Herbal Cures: America's First Book of Botanic Healing, 1762-1778'' [Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2001]) {{Google Books|OAMA51H9tfUC|Paginae selectae}} * 1763 : Jean-Antoine Bruletout de Préfontaine, ''Maison rustique à l'usage des habitans de ... Cayenne''. Paris: Bauche,, 1763 {{Google Books|0SAaAAAAYAAJ}} [https://journals.openedition.org/rsh/1089 De hoc opere] * 1763 : Francisco Martínez Montiño, ''Arte de cocina, pastelerìa, vizcocherìa, y conserverìa''. Matriti, 1763 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000202557 Textus]; [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000091117 Textus editionis 1822] * 1764-1767 : J. de Blainville, ''Reisebeschreibung durch Holland, Oberdeutschland und die Schweiz, besonders aber durch Italien''. 4 voll. in 8 fascc. Lemgo: Meyer [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366570 1.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366571 1.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366572 2.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366573 2.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366574 3.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11450065 3.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366576 4.i] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366577 4.ii] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10366578 5]; alia exemplaria [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222371 1] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222372 2] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222373 3] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222374 4] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11222375 5] * 1765 : Louis de Chambray, ''L'Art de cultiver les pommiers, les poiriers et de faire des cidres selon l'usage de la Normandie''. Lutetiae: chez Ganeau [http://www.bmlisieux.com/normandie/chambray.htm Textus] * 1766-1824 : [[Thomas Jeffersonius|Thomas Ieffersonius]], ''[[Thomas Ieffersonii Liber hortensis|Garden Book]]'' (Edwin Morris Betts, ed., ''Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book 1766-1824'' [Philadelphiae: American Philosophical Society, 1944] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.503395/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'') * 1766 : John Mills, ''A new system of practical husbandry'' vol. 4. London, 1766 {{Google Books|vTc7AAAAcAAJ|pp. 159-161}} ("Capsicum" ... ) * 1767 : Ioannes Michael Schosulan, ''Dissertatio inauguralis medica De vinis''. Viennae [Vindobonae]: Trattnern, 1767 {{Google Books|emg5AAAAcAAJ}} * 1767 : ''Dictionnaire portatif de cuisine, d'office et de distillation''. Lutetiae: Vincent, 1767 {{Google Books|-HA9AAAAcAAJ}} * 1768 : [[Philippus Miller|Philip Miller]], ''The Gardener's Dictionary''. 8a ed. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b30454190/page/n214/mode/1up s.v. "Capsicum" ad finem] ("Cayan butter, or what the inhabitants of America call Pepper-pots") * 1768 : {{ec|id=Burmannus (1768)|c=[[Nicolaus Laurentius Burmannus]], ''Flora Indica'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Haek, 1768) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/39900544#page/147/mode/1up p. 57]}} * 1768 : M. Emy, ''L'art de bien faire les glaces d'office''. Paris [https://archive.org/details/lartdebienfairel00emym_0/ Textus] * 1769 : [[Ioannes Fridericus Zückert]], ''Materia alimentaria.'' Berolini: Augustus Mylius {{Google Books|zbVEAAAAcAAJ|pp. 341-353}} * 1769 : [[Elizabeth Raffald]],<ref>Roy Shipperbottom, "Elizabeth Raffald (1733-1781)" in Harlan Walker, ed., ''Cooks and other people: proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery'' (Totenais: Prospect Books, 1996) {{Google Books|lpOqTUucwhUC|pp. 233-236}} </ref> ''The experienced English housekeeper''. Mancunii [https://archive.org/details/b30522134/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b2150541x/ editio 1798] * 1770 : Harriott Horry, ''Receipt Book'' (Richard J. Hooker, ed., ''A Colonial Plantation Cookbook: the Receipt Book of Harriott Pinckney Horry''. University of South Carolina Press, 1984) p.58 ("to caveach mackrel") {{Google Books|feG7xCABZ44C|Paginae selectae}} * 1770 : Lieutaud, interpr., ''Précis de la matiere médicale''. Nova ed. Lutetiae: Didot, 1770 [https://archive.org/details/b30535967_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b30535967_0002 vol. 2] * 1770-1776 : [[Nicolaus Iosephus Jacquin]], ''Hortus botanicus Vindobonensis'' (Vindobonae: typis Leopoldi Joannis Kaliwoda aulae imperialis typographi, 1770-1776) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10249 vol. 1] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10250 vol. 2] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/10251 vol. 3] * 1771 : {{ec|id=Linnaeus (1771)|c=[[Carolus Linnaeus]], ''Mantissa plantarum altera'' (Holmiae: impensis Laurentii Salvii, 1771) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42945260#page/73/mode/1up p. 205]}} * 1771 : Bolton Glanvill Corney, interpr., ''The Voyage of Captain Don Felipe Gonzalez in the Ship of the Line San Lorenzo ... to Easter Island in 1770-1'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1908) [https://archive.org/details/voyagecaptaindo01haedgoog/page/n217/mode/2up p. 121] (Easter Island: "They gave the people of the said launch plantains, Chili peppers, sweet potatoes and fowls") * 1772 : "Piment, ou Poivre d'Inde, ou Poivre de Guinée" in ''Le grand vocabulaire françois''. Lutetiae: Panckouck {{Google Books|ESMMLLF2870C|vol. 22 col. 167-168}} ("On la cultive beaucoup dans les pays chauds, comme en Espagne, au Portugal et dans les provinces méridionales du Royaume [de France]") * 1773 : Vincenzo Corrado, ''Il cuoco galante''. Neapoli, 1773 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb__Hov_shu2IgC/page/n3/mode/2up Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21532497 3a ed. 1786] [https://archive.org/details/b22008561/ 6a ed. 1820] (fons nominis Latini) * 1774: Edward Long, ''History of Jamaica''. 3 v. London: Lowndes [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica01long vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica02long/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/historyofjamaica03long_0 3] * 1775 : Cristoforo Pilati, "Aggiunta sopra il formentone" in [[Augustinus Gallus|Agostino Gallo]], ''[[De recto agrorum cultu et voluptate rustica|Le venti giornate dell' agricoltura e de'piaceri della villa]]'' (nova editio. Brixiae) {{Google Books|je4jxXNpeLYC|pp. 533-558}} * 1775 : [[Petrus Forskål]], ''Flora Aegyptiaco-Arabica'' (Hauniae: ex officina Mölleri, 1775) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/122#page/205/mode/1up centuria ii p. 47] * 1778 : Emanuel Mendes da Costa, ''Historia naturalis testaceorum Britanniæ, or, The British conchology''. Londinii: Millan [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13116783 Textus] {{Google Books|5n9lAAAAcAA}} * 1778 : [[Vincentius Corradus|Vincenzo Corrado]], ''Credenziere di buon gusto''. Neapoli, 1778; [https://archive.org/details/b3041197x Textus] * ante 1779 : Dom Denise; [[Marcus Lastri|Marco Lastri]], interpr., ''[[Delle viti e dei vini di Borgogna]]: memoria di un monaco cisterciense tradotta in italiano sur un manoscritto franzese''. Florentiae: Gaetano Cambiagi, 1779 {{Google Books|mTHnIWPFh8IC}} * 1779-1784 : [[Dominicus Sestini]], ''Lettere del signor abate Domenico Sestini scritte dalla Sicilia e dalla Turchia a diversi suoi amici in Toscana''. 7 voll. Florentiae etc., 1779-1784 * 1781 : [[Vincentius Corradus|Vincenzo Corrado]], ''Del cibo pitagorico''. Neapoli, 1781 [https://archive.org/details/b2877856x/ Textus] * 1781-1805 : {{ec|id=Rozier (1781-1805)|c=Abbé Rozier, ''Cours d'agriculture'' (12 voll. Lutetiae, 1781-1805) [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_6vHvDhT7xc8C/page/n225/mode/2up vol. 8 pp. 176-178] [[:s:fr:Cours d’agriculture (Rozier)|textus apud Vicifontem]]}} * 1782 : [[Petrus Sonnerat|Pierre Sonnerat]], ''Voyage aux Indes Orientales'' (Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1518236f vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15182388/f351 vol. 2 pp. 230-231, tab. 129] ("Le litchi, ''Litchi chinensis''") * 1782 : [[Petrus Le Grand d'Aussy|Le Grand d'Aussy]], ''Histoire de la vie privée des français depuis l'origine de la nation jusqu'à nos jours''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Pierres, 1782 [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b2152550x_0003 3] * 1782 : [[Georgius Colman|George Colman]], "Prologue to the new comedy of the ''East-Indian''" in ''The Lady's Magazine'' vol. 13, 1782 {{Google Books|RJtPAQAAMAAJ|p. 383}}; George Colman, ''Prose upon Several Occasions'' vol. 3 (1787) [https://archive.org/details/proseonseveraloc03colmuoft/page/234/mode/2up p. 235] * 1783 : John Farley, ''The London Art of Cookery''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b2152984x/page/144/mode/2up 2a ed. (1784) pp. 144-145] [https://archive.org/details/b29351145 12th ed. (1811)] * 1783 : William Marsden, ''The History of Sumatra''. Londinii, 1783 {{Google Books|GORBAQAAMAAJ}} * 1784 : {{ec|id=Plenck (1784)|c=[[Iosephus Iacobus Plenck]], ''Bromatologia seu doctrina de esculentis et potulentis.'' Viennae [i.e. Vindobonae]: Graeffer {{Google Books|RDpfAAAAcAAJ|p. 401}} "vinum Graecum di Somma"}} * 1785 : Christoph Gottlieb von Murr, ''Reisen einiger Missionarien der Gesellschaft Jesu in Amerika''. Norimbergae, 1785 {{Google Books|8748AAAAcAAJ|p. 519}} * 1787 : [[Thomas Jeffersonius|Thomas Jefferson]], ''[[Memorandums Taken on a Journey from Paris into the Southern Parts of France and Northern of Italy]]'' (Julian P. Boyd, ed., ''[[The Papers of Thomas Jefferson]] vol. 11, 1 January–6 August 1787'' [Princetoniae: Princeton University Press, 1955] pp. 415–464) [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/01-11-02-0389#TSJN-01-11-0389-ks-9901 textus]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/mtjbib002614/ manuscriptum] * 1788 : {{Creanda|sv|Olof Swartz|Olavus Swartz|Olof Swartz}}, ''Nova genera et species plantarum, seu Prodromus descriptionum vegetabilium'' (Holmiae: in bibliopoliis M. Swederi, 1788) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/376766#page/55/mode/1up p. 47] * 1788 : Richard Briggs, ''The English Art of Cookery''. Londinii: G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1788 {{Google Books|zZIEAAAAYAAJ}}; editio Philadelphiae 1792, titulo ''The new art of cookery, according to the present practice'' [https://www.loc.gov/item/44013935/ Textus]; [https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=evans;cc=evans;rgn=div2;view=toc;idno=N18606.0001.001;node=N18606.0001.001:6.2 recensio interretialis] * 1789 : [[Dominicus Sestini]]; Pingeron, interpr., ''Lettres de Monsieur l'Abbé Dominique Sestini écrites à ses amis en Toscane, pendant le cours de ses voyages en Italie, en Sicile et en Turquie, sur l'histoire naturelle, l'industrie & le commerce de ces différentes contrées'' (Lutetiae: veuve Duchesne & fils, 1789) {{Google Books|q_sOAAAAQAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|tba3qNX6vcgC|vol. 2}} {{GB|gPBaAAAAQAAJ|vol. 3}}; cf. 1779-1784 * 1770 : [[Iacobus Bruce|James Bruce]], ''Travels to discover the source of the Nile'' (5 voll. Londinii, 1790 [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov01bruc/page/n11/mode/2up 1] [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov02bruc/mode/2up 3] [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov04bruc/mode/2up 4]) [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov03bruc/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 303, 393], [https://archive.org/details/travelstodiscov05bruc/page/n151/mode/2up vol. 5 p. 77] * 1790 : [[Casimirus Gomezius Ortega]], ed., ''Francisci Hernandi, medici atque historici Philippi II, hispan. et indiar. Regis, et totius novi orbis archiatri opera cum edita tum inedita, ad autographi fidem''. 3 voll. (Matriti: ex typographia Ibarrae heredum) {{Google Books|ujT4W9CZuY8C|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|0foeAAAAYAAJ|vol. 2}} {{Google Books|tB4fAAAAYAAJ|vol. 3}} * 1790 : [[Ioannes de Loureiro]], ''Flora cochinchinensis, sistens plantas in regno Cochinchina nascentes''. Ulyssipone: typis academicis, 1790 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/560#/summary vol. 1, vol. 2] * 1790 : {{ec|id=Pulteney (1790)|c={{Creanda|en|Richard Pulteney|Ricardus Pulteney|Richard Pulteney}}, ''Historical and Biographical Sketches of the Progress of Botany in England'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184335#page/97/mode/1up vol. 1 pp. 71-72] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/184336#page/9/mode/1up vol. 2] }} * 1792 : Francis Collingwood, John Woollams, ''The Universal Cook'' (Londinii, 1792) [https://archive.org/details/b2152970x/page/178/mode/2up p. 179] * 1793 : ''L'arte di far cucina di buon gusto''. Taurinis [https://archive.org/details/b28765552 Textus] * 1793 : [[Bryan Edwards]], ''The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies'' (Londinii: Stockdale, 1793) [https://archive.org/details/historyciviland00brougoog vol. 1] {{Google Books|_70NAAAAQAAJ|vol. 2}}; 3a ed. 1801 [https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm01edwa_0 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/civilcommercialo02edwa 2] [https://archive.org/details/historycivilcomm03edwa_0 3] * 1793 : Petrus Artedus, ''Synonymia nominum piscium fere omnium''. 2a ed. Grypeswaldiae: Rose, 1793 (in interrete reperienda) * 1794 : Henry Barham, ''Hortus Americanus''. Kingston Iamaicae, 1794 [https://archive.org/details/b29319870 Textus] * 1794 : Francis Collingwood, John Woollams; Fridericus Gotthelf Baumgärtner, interpr., ''Neues Londner Kochbuch''. Lipsiae, 1794 {{Google Books|kqlgAAAAcAAJ|p. 220}} * 1794 : {{Creanda|de|Ignaz Pfefferkorn|Ignatius Pfefferkorn|Ignaz Pfefferkorn}}, ''Beschreibung der Landschaft Sonora'' (Coloniae, 1794) [https://gdz.sub.uni-goettingen.de/id/PPN887843468?tify=%7B"pages"%3A%5B78%2C79%5D%2C"view"%3A"export"%7D vol. 1 pp. 59-63] {{Google Books|2BvEmHRIme4C|vol. 2}} * 1795 : {{ec|id=Schrader et Wendland (1795)|c=[[Henricus Adolphus Schrader]], [[Ioannes Christophorus Wendland]], ''Sertum Hannoveranum'' (Goettingae, 1795-1798) [http://digitale-sammlungen.gwlb.de/resolve?PPN=742569349 Tab ii textus, tab. ii imago]}} * 1795-1819 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]]; Joseph Banks, ed., ''Plants of the coast of Coromandel'' (Londinii: Nicol) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/467 Textus] * 1796 : [[Amelia Simmons]], ''American cookery''. Printed by Hudson & Goodwin for the Author, 1796 [https://www.loc.gov/item/96126967/ Textus] [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/1 editio 1798] * 1796 : [[Yuan Mei]], ''[[Praecepta ex horto plenitudinis|Suiyuan shidan]]'' (Wolfram Eberhard, interpr., "Die chinesische Küche. Die Kochkunst des Herrn von Sui-Yüan" in ''Sinica'' vol. 15 (1940) pp. 190–228; Sean J. S. Chen, ed. et interpr., ''Recipes from the Garden of Contentment'' [Great Barrington Massachusettensium: Berkshire Publishing, 2018] {{Google Books|iGi9DwAAQBAJ|p. 11}} [https://wayoftheeating.wordpress.com/order-of-translation/ textus praeliminaris]) * 1796 : William Spavens, ''The seaman's narrative'' (Louth, 1796) [https://archive.org/details/seamansnarrative00spav/page/200/mode/2up p. 200] (Antigua: "Here is also variety of roots and vegetables, such as yams, sweet potatoes, pompions, water-melons, musk-melons, ockery, and calalu, also spice, such as cod-pepper, cayan pepper, &c."] * 1797 : {{ec|id=Plenck (1797)|c=[[Iosephus Iacobus Plenck]], ''Bromatologia seu doctrina de esculentis et potulentis.'' Lovanii: van Overbeke {{Google Books|6YREAAAAcAAJ|pp. 318-332}} prefer 1784}} * 1797 : [[Ludovicus Sebastianus Mercier|Louis-Sébastien Mercier]], ''Le nouveau Paris'' (Lutetiae: Fuchs, 1797) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64572183 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64383950 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6438369h/f116 vol. 3 pp. 108-110] * 1797 : [[Thomas Andreas Knight|T. A. Knight]], ''A Treatise on the Culture of the Apple and Pear and on the manufacture of cider and perry''. Ludlow: H. Procter {{Google Books|Km8FAAAAQAAJ|Textus}} [http://www.archive.org/details/atreatiseoncult01kniggoog Editio 1801 apud archive.org] * 1797 : {{ec|id=Polwhele (1797)|c=Richard Polwhele, ''The History of Devonshire'' (Londinii, 1797-1806) vol. 1 p. 82 }} * 1797 : [[Carolus Ludovicus Willdenow|Carl Ludwig von Willdenow]], ''Species Plantarum'', 4a ed. (Berolini) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/630618#page/804/mode/1up vol. 1 pars 2 pp. 1301–1302] * 1797-1800 : {{ec|id=Ortega (1798)|c= {{Creanda|es|Casimiro Gómez Ortega|Casimirus Gomezius Ortega}}, ''Novarum aut rariorum plantarum Horti Reg. Botan. Matrit. descriptionum decades''. Matriti: ex typographia Mariniana, 1797-1800 {{Google Books|W-o9AAAAYAAJ|p. 56}} }} * 1798 : {{ec|id=Mayr (1798)|c=Christophorus Mayr, ''Dispensatorium universale''. 1798 {{Google Books|8kpfAAAAcAAJ|p. 213}}}} * 1798 : {{ec|id=Cambry (1798)|c= Jacques Cambry, ''Voyage dans le Finistère'' (3 voll. Lutetiae: Cercle-Social, an VII) [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini01camb/ 1] [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini02camb/ 2] [https://archive.org/details/voyagedanslefini03camb/ 3] }} * 1798 : Martin Schwartner, ''Statistik des Königreichs Ungern''. Pest: Trattner {{Google Books|JrlfAAAAcAAJ|p. 198}} ("Gartenkräuter ... Gurken von einheimischen Pfeffer (''Paprika'') durchbeißt, sind der gewöhnlichste Salat des mittleren und unteren Standes.") * 1798 : Nicolas Jolyclerc, ''Phytologie universelle, ou, Histoire naturelle et méthodique des plantes''. Lutetiae: Gueffier jeune {{Google Books|JnUPAAAAQAAJ|vol. 5 pp. 161-162}} ("Piment, Poivre long ou Corail des jardins") * 1800 : [[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]], ''Essai sur le vin''. Lutetiae: Delalain {{Google Books|GfMTAAAAQAAJ}}; editio 1801 sub titulo ''L'Art de faire, gouverner et perfectionner les vins'' {{Google Books|NPMTAAAAQAAJ}} == 1801-1850 == * 1801 : {{ec|id=Berchoux (1801)|c={{Creanda|fr|Joseph de Berchoux|Iosephus de Berchoux|Joseph de Berchoux}}, ''[[La Gastronomie (Berchoux)|La Gastronomie]]''. Lutetiae, 1801 {{Google Books|ISZFAQAAMAAJ}} }} <ref>Julia Abramson, "Legitimacy and Nationalism in the Almanach des Gourmands (1803-1812)" in ''Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies'' vol. 3 (2003) pp. 101-135, vide pp. 117-118 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793769 JSTOR]</ref> * 1801 : [[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]] et al., ''Traité théorique et practique sur la culture de la vigne''. 2a ed. 2 voll. Lutetiae: {{GB|ttw6AAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|99w6AAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} vide etiam 1808 * 1802 : ''A Practical Guide during a Journey from London to Paris''. Londinii: Phillips, 1802 {{Google Books|ds6SNok78loC|2a ed., 1803}} * 1803 : [[Susanna Carter|Sussannah Carter]], ''The frugal housewife, or Complete woman cook''. Novi Eboraci: G. & R. Waite, 1803 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/32 Txtus] * 1803 : {{ec|id=Polwhele (1803)|c=Richard Polwhele, ''The History of Cornwall'' (Londinii, 1803) [https://archive.org/details/b22013982/page/n171/mode/2up vol. 1 p. 162] }} * 1803 : Thomas Winterbottom, ''An account of the native Africans in the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone''. Londinii: Hatchard [https://archive.org/details/accountofnativea01wint vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/accountofnativea02wint vol. 2] * 1803-1812 : {{ec|Grimod (1803-1812)|[[Grimod de la Reynière]] et al., ''[[Almanach des gourmands]]'' (Lutetiae, 1803-1812) [https://archive.org/details/gri_33125008532588 Textus anni 1803, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|Wr06AAAAcAAJ|Textus anni 1803, 3a ed.}} [http://www.archive.org/details/almanachdesgour00costgoog Textus anni 1804, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|hBsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1805}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0003 Textus anni 1805, 2a ed.] {{Google Books|kRsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1806}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0004 Textus anni 1806] [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0005 Textus anni 1807] [https://archive.org/details/almanachdesgour02costgoog alius] {{Google Books|1xsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1808}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0006 Textus anni 1808] {{Google Books|-RsJAAAAQAAJ|Textus anni 1810}} [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0007 Textus anni 1810] [https://archive.org/details/b21525250_0008 Textus anni 1812] [http://www.archive.org/details/almanachdesgour01costgoog alius]}} * 1804 : Louis-Marie Prudhomme, ''Miroir de l'ancien et du nouveau Paris, avec treize voyages en vélocifères dans ses environs''. Lutetiae) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64720830 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6472262h vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1804 : "Soy" in A. F. M. Willich; James Mease, ed., ''The Domestic Encyclopedia'' (Philadelphiae: Birch & Small) vol. 5 pp. 12-13 (fide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 154-155) * 1804 : Alexander Hunter, ''Culina famulatrix medicinae, or Receipts in cookery ... by Ignotus'' (Eboraci: Mawman, 1804) [https://archive.org/details/b21527581/page/128/mode/2up p. 128] ("Tomata sauce"); 2a ed., titulo ''Culina famulatrix medicinae, or Receipts in modern cookery ... by Ignotus; and revised by A. Hunter'' (Eboraci, 1805) [https://archive.org/details/b2152743x/page/150/mode/2up p. 150] * 1804 : J. L. M. Poiret, "Piment: Capsicum" in [[Ioannes Baptista Lamarckius|Jean-Baptiste Lamarck]], ''Botanique'' vol. 5 (''Encyclopédie méthodique''. Lutetiae, 1804) {{Google Books|nU0_AAAAcAAJ|pp. 323-327}} * 1804 : [[Nicolaus Iosephus Jacquin]], ''Plantarum rariorum Horti Caesarei Schoenbrunnensis descriptiones et icones'' vol. 4 (1804) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/332 series librorum] * 1805-1817 : [[Amatus Bonpland]], [[Alexander de Humboldt]], ''Plantae aequinoctiales'' [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/75757 vol. 1] [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/75758 vol. 2] * 1806 : [[Ioannes Shecut|John L. E. W. Shecut]], ''Flora Carolinæensis''. Vol. 1. Charleston, 1806 {{Google Books|cElHAAAAYAAJ}} * 1806 : Maria Rundell, ''A new system of domestic cookery''. Londinii: John Murray [https://archive.org/details/b21526321/page/n7/mode/2up textus] [https://archive.org/details/newsystemofdomes01rund/ editio Bostoniensis 1807] [https://archive.org/details/anewsystemdomes01rundgoog/ "New ed., corrected" 1808]; [https://archive.org/details/b21530749/ 1809] * 1806-1807 : ''[[Journal des gourmands et des belles]]''. Lutetiae: Capelle et Renand, 1806-1807 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1423549k Ian. 1806 apud Gallica]; [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm01unkngoog Ian.-Mar. 1807] [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm00unkngoog Apr.-Iun. 1807] [http://www.archive.org/details/journaldesgourm02unkngoog Iul.-Sep. 1807] apud archive.org; {{Google Books|KowBAAAAYAAJ|Oct.-Dec. 1807}} * 1807-1808 : Francesco Leonardi, ''Apicio moderno''. Romae [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0001 1] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0002 2] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0003 3] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0004 4] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0005 5] [https://archive.org/details/b21525225_0006/ 6] [https://archive.org/details/b22026228_0001 pars II 1] [https://archive.org/details/b22026228_0002 pars II 2] * 1808 : Lucy Emerson, ''The New-England cookery''. Montpelier: Josiah Parks, 1808 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/25 Textus] * 1808 : [[Grimod de la Reynière]], ''[[Manuel des amphitryons]]: contenant un traité de la dissection des viandes à table, la nomenclature des menus les plus nouveaux pour chaque saison, et des élémens de politesse gourmande'' (Lutetiae: Capelle et Renand, 1808) [https://archive.org/details/b28521985/page/n9/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1808 : {{ec|id=Chaptal et al. (1808)|c=[[Ioannes Antonius Chaptal|Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal]] et al.; Iosephus Voltiggi, interpr., ''Tractatus de vitis cultura arteque parandi vinum''. Viennae [i.e. Vindobonae] 1808 {{GB|SetMAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{Google Books|CGBt8wHcW3sC|vol. 2}}}} * 1808 : [[Carolus Ludovicus Cadet de Gassicourt|Charles-Louis Cadet de Gassicourt]], ''Cours gastronomique''. 1808<ref>Julia Abramson, "Legitimacy and Nationalism in the Almanach des Gourmands (1803-1812)" in ''Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies'' vol. 3 (2003) pp. 101-135, vide pp. 118-119 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27793769 JSTOR]</ref> * 1810 : [[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Pâtissier royal parisien'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k852393j Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k852237p vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1810 : [[Charles Joseph Colnet Du Ravel|Colnet]], ''L'art de dîner en ville, à l'usage des gens de lettres''. Lutetiae, 1810 [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100178396# Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k206776w 2a ed. 1810] * 1811 : ''Manuel de la cuisine, ou, L'art d'irriter la gueule'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/manueldelacuisin00unse/page/2/mode/2up p. 3] ("Achia ou Achiar") * 1811 : [[Alexander de Humboldt]], ''Essai politique sur le royaume de la Nouvelle-Espagne''<ref>Fide {{qc|id=Andrews (1995)}} p. 33: fortasse et in aliis operibus?</ref> * 1813 : {{ec|id=Forbes (1813)|c=James Forbes, ''Oriental Memoirs'' (4 voll. Londinii, 1813) [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.506 1] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.507 2] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.508 3] [https://archive.org/details/dli.venugopal.509 4]}} * 1813 : [[Ludovicus Eustathius Ude|Louis Eustache Ude]], ''The French Cook''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b21471721 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1813 : [[Michael Felix Dunal|Michel Félix Dunal]], ''Histoire naturelle, médicale et économique des Solanum'' (Lutetiae: Koenig, 1813) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/59103808#page/232/mode/1up p. 222] {{Google Books|Dc5LAAAAYAAJ}} * 1814 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]], ''Hortus Bengalensis : or, A catalogue of the plants growing in the ... Botanic Garden at Calcutta'' (Serampore) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/95337 Textus] * 1814 : {{ec|Beauvilliers (1814)|[[Antonius Beauvilliers]], ''L'Art du cuisinier'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k109846s Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1098475 2] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/lartducuisinier01beau vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lartducuisinier02beau 2] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1814 : Vincenzo Agnoletti, ''La nuovissima cucina economica''. Romae [https://archive.org/details/b29321451 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1815 : [[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Pâtissier pittoresque'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8541000q Textus] apud Gallica; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1025012g 4a ed. (1842)] * 1815 : {{ec|id=Lamarck et Candolle (1815)|c= MM. [[Ioannes Baptista Lamarckius|de Lamarck]] et [[Augustinus Pyramus de Candolle|de Candolle]], ''Flore française'' ed. 3a (Lutetiae, 1815) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/197049#page/44/mode/1up pp. 34-35] }} * 1815 : Ralph Rylance, ''[[The Epicure's Almanack]]''. Londinii: Longman {{Google Books|K7NgAAAAcAAJ}} * 1816 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1816)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (Lutetiae, 1816) [https://archive.org/details/b21504660 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1817 : [[Gulielmus Kitchiner|William Kitchiner]], ''Apicius Redivivus, or The Cook's Oracle''. Londinii: Bagster, 1817 [https://archive.org/details/b21533908 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' [https://archive.org/details/cooksoracleconta00kitc 4a ed. 1822] [https://archive.org/details/b22016430 Nova ed. 1827] * 1817 : F. G. Zenker, ''Theoretisch-praktische Anleitung zur Kochkunst'' vol. 1 (Vindobonae: Strauß, 1817) {{Google Books|6M1YAAAAcAAJ|p. 409}} * 1819 : [[Andreas Duncan]], ''The New Edinburgh Dispensatory'' (Edinburgi, 1819) [http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:2-10611 Textus] apud Dusseldorpenses * 1820 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]], Nathaniel Wallich; William Carey, ed., ''Flora indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants'' vol. 1 (Serampore) [https://archive.org/details/mobot21753000002930 Textus] * 1820 : [[Ioannes Crawfurd|John Crawfurd]], ''History of the Indian Archipelago''. Edinburgi {{Google Books|8EdSAAAAcAAJ|vol. 1}} {{GB|FOlAAAAAcAAJ|vol. 2}} {{GB|iY0AtXJsdbUC|vol. 3}} * 1821 : George Pearson, ''Arranged catalogues of the articles of food, seasonings and drinks'' (Londinii, 1821) [https://archive.org/details/b29316108/page/12/mode/2up p. 13] * 1821 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Topography of Athens (Leake)|The Topography of Athens, with some remarks on its antiquities]]'' (1821) [http://www.archive.org/details/topographyofathe00leakuoft Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1821-1828 : {{ec|id=Descourtilz (1821-1828)|c=Michel Étienne Descourtilz, ''Flore médicale des Antilles'' fasc. 1 (1821), fasc. 6 (1828) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/120/mode/1up tab. 405], [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/124/mode/1up pp. 95-97] ("vulg. Tomate à côtes")}} * 1822 : [[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Maître d'hôtel français'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040003h Vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040004x vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1822 : Charles Yves Cousin, ''Le Parfait Cuisinier [... Le Cuisinier étranger; Le Patissier impérial]''. Lutetiae, 1822 [https://archive.org/details/b21532564 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1822 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1822)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1822) [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102535122 Textus]}} * 1822 : {{Creanda|de|Carl Friedrich von Rumohr|Carolus Fridericus de Rumohr|Carl Friedrich von Rumohr}}, ''Geist der Kochkunst'' * 1824 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor (Leake)|Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor, with comparative remarks on the ancient and modern geography of that country]]'' (1824) [http://www.archive.org/details/journalatourina01leakgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1824 : [[Antonius Beauvilliers|A. B. Beauvilliers]], ''The Art of French Cookery'' by A. B. Beauvilliers. Londinii: Longman [https://archive.org/details/b21504751 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1824 : [[Maria Randolph|Mary Randolph]], ''The Virginia House-wife''. Vasingtoniae: Printed by Davis and Force, 1824 [https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2015pennell17897/?sp=119 pp. 103-104 ("To caveach fish") (cf. 1836) * 1824 : Alexander Moon, ''Catalogue of Ceylon Plants'' * 1824-1874 : [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle]] et al., ''Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis''. Parisiis: sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz, 1824-1873 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/286#/summary Textus] * 1825 : {{ec|Brillat-Savarin (1826)|[[Ioannes Anthelmus Brillat-Savarin]], ''[[Physiologie du goût]]'' (Lutetiae, 1826) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626673x vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8626674b vol. 2] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/b28748177_0001 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b28748177_0002 vol. 2] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1825 : Julien Archambault, ''Le Cuisinier économe ou Élémens nouveaux de cuisine, de pâtisserie et d'office'' (Lutetiae: Librairie du Commerce, 1825) p. 346 * 1825 : {{ec|id=Blume (1825)|c=[[Carolus Ludovicus Blume|C. L. Blume]], ''Bijdragen tot de flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' fasc. 13 (Bataviae: ter Lands Drukkerij, 1825) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/429393#page/65/mode/1up Textus]}} * 1826 : Margaret Dods [i.e. Christian Isobel Johnstone], ''The Cook and Housewife's Manual'' (Edinburgi) [https://archive.org/details/b21505366/page/82/mode/2up pp. 83-85] ("Mock turtle soup") [https://www.surugadai.ac.jp/sogo/media/bulletin/Ronso35/Ronso35matsui.pdf De hoc opere] * 1826 : [[Whitelaw Ainslie]], ''Materia Indica'' [https://archive.org/details/materiaindicaors01ains vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/materiaindicaors02ains vol. 2] * 1826 : George Finlayson, ''The mission to Siam, and Hué, the capital of Cochin China, in the years 1821-2''. Londinii: Murray [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n302/mode/2up pp. 270], [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n324/mode/2up 292], [https://archive.org/details/missiontosiaman00raffgoog/page/n324/mode/2up 326] (Islands of the Gulf of Siam; Bay of Turon) * 1828 : {{ec|id=Carême (1828)|c=[[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''Le Cuisinier parisien, ou l'art de la cuisine française au XIXe siècle'' (2a ed. 1828) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86172102 Textus] apud Gallica [https://archive.org/details/b29298581/ 2a ed. 1828] [https://archive.org/details/b21525407/ 2a ed. 1842 (?)] [https://archive.org/details/b29300125/ 3a ed. 1842]}} * 1828 : {{ec|id=Descourtilz (1828)|c=Michel Étienne Descourtilz, ''Flore médicale des Antilles'' fasc. 6 (1828) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/21850#page/216/mode/1up pp. 172-181, tabb. 422-423] ("vulg. Poivre d'Inde; Piment zozo, piment enragé, poivre d'oiseau, piment caraìbe")}} * 1828 : "Repas normand" in Amand Masson de Saint-Amand, ''Lettres d'un voyageur à l'embouchure de la Seine'' (1828) {{Google Books|Gj5YAAAAcAAJ|pp. 226-236}} * 1830 : [[Sydney, domina Morgan|Lady Morgan]], ''France in 1829-30'' (Londinii: Saunders and Otley) [https://archive.org/details/francein01sydgoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/francein03sydgoog/page/n413/mode/2up vol. 2 pp. 402-420] * 1830-1846 : [[Gulielmus Martinus Leake|W. M. Leake]], ''[[Travels in the Morea (Leake)|Travels in the Morea]]'' (1830); cum supplemento ''Peloponnesiaca'' (1846) [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi01leak Vol. 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi02leak 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinmoreawi03leak 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/peloponnesiacaa00leakgoog Supplementum] * 1831 : Sandford Arnot, interpr., "Indian Cookery, as practised and described by the natives of the East" in ''Miscellaneous Translations from Oriental Languages'' vol. 1 (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/32882019070997-miscellaneoustr/page/n275/mode/2up fasc. 5] {{Google Books|pSctAAAAYAAJ}} * 1832 : ''Il Cuoco Piemontese ridotto all'ultimo gusto''. 6a ed. Mediolani, 1832 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cuoco%20piemontese.pdf Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b22020767 alius] * 1832 : N. K. M. Lee, ''The cook's own book, being a complete culinary encyclopedia''. Bostoniae: Munroe and Francis, 1832 [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/18 Textus] * 1832 : [[Gulielmus Roxburgh|William Roxburgh]]; William Carey, ed., ''Flora indica, or, Descriptions of Indian plants'' (2a ed. 3 voll. Serampore) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/590 Textus] * 1832 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1832)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (3a ed. Lutetiae, 1832) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3056299n Textus] apud Gallica}} * 1832 : Antonius Fingerhuth, ''Monographia generis Capsici''. Düsseldorpii {{Google Books|U2PRSAAACAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/monographiagene00finggoog/ apud] ''Internet Archive'' * 1833 : {{ec|id=Carême (1833)|c=[[Maria Antonius Carême|M. A. Carême]], ''L'Art de la cuisine française au dix-neuviême siècle'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1510011f vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k853460z vol. 2] apud Gallica (vide et 1847)}} * 1834 : {{ec|id=Nees (1834)|c=[[Christianus Godofredus Nees ab Esenbeck|Christian Godfrey Nees von Esenbeck]], "Monograph of the East Indian Solaneae" in ''Transactions of the Linnean Society of London'' vol. 17 (1834/1837) p.37 sqq., vide [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13786867#page/85/mode/1up pp. 59-60] }} * 1835 : [[Abraham Hayward]], "Gastronomy and Gastronomers" in ''Quarterly Review'' vol. 44, 1835 {{Google Books|Dc6jvFGZ4qwC|pp. 117-155}} * 1835 : ''[[Travels in Northern Greece (Leake)|Travels in Northern Greece]]'' (1835) [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe06leakgoog Vol. 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe07leakgoog 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe05leakgoog 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/travelsinnorthe04leakgoog 4] * 1839 : ''Le Cuisinier méridional d'après la méthode provençale et languedocienne''. Avignon: Pierre Chaillot Jeune, 1835 [https://www.loc.gov/resource/rbc0001.2014bit40861/?sp=1 Textus] * 1836 : [[Maria Randolph|Mary Randolph]], ''The Virginia Housewife, or Methodical cook''. Philadelphiae: Plaskitt, 1836 [https://archive.org/details/virginiahousewif00randrich/page/64/mode/2up p. 64] ("to caveach fish") {{GB|R4YEAAAAYAAJ|editio 1838}} [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/71#page/1/mode/2up editio 1838]; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12519/12519-h/12519-h.htm editionis 1860 editio interretialis]; [https://archive.org/details/virginiahousewif00rand_1 editio 1871] (1a ed. 1824) * 1837 : [[Eliza Leslie]], ''Directions for cookery, being a system of the art in its various branches]]. Philadelphiae: Carey & Hart, 1837 [https://archive.org/details/directionsforcoo00lesl Textus] * 1837 : {{ec|id= Bailly et al. (1837)|c= Charles Bailly et al., ''Maison rustique du XIXe siècle'' (Lutetiae: Journal d'agriculture pratique, 1837) [https://archive.org/details/maisonrustiquedu01bail/page/390/mode/2up p. 391] }} * 1837 : [[Eduardus Gulielmus Lane|Edward William Lane]], ''An Account of the Manners and Customs of the Modern Egyptians''. 2 voll. Londinii: Knight, 1837 [https://archive.org/details/anaccountmanner09lanegoog vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/anaccountmanner08lanegoog 2] aegre legibiles; E. S. Poole, ed. [https://archive.org/details/accountofmanners00lane 5a ed. (1860)] * 1837 : Joseph Roques, ''Nouveau traité des plantes usuelles, spécialement appliqué à la médecine domestique, et au régime alimentaire de l'homme sain ou malade''. Lutetiae: Dufart {{GB|Yb5Jdw5gwssC|vol. 1}} {{GB|8Bc9VsIiXPIC|vol. 2 pp. 12-25}} {{GB|t3iwjQGCe8wC|vol. 3}} * 1837 : Ludovicus Prodan, ''Vina. Dissertatio inauguralis medica''. Pestini: Beimel, 1837 {{Google Books|omBUAAAAcAAJ|p. 11}} * 1839 : Mountstuart Elphinstone, ''Account of the Kingdom of Caubul'' (Nova ed. Londinii: Bentley, 1839) [https://archive.org/details/b29331791_0001/page/394/mode/2up vol. 1 p. 395] [https://archive.org/details/b29331791_0002 vol. 2] * 1839 : ''La cuynera catalana''. 2a ed. Barcinone [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000125370 Textus] * 1839 : {{ec|id=Courchamps (1839)|c=[[Mauritius de Courchamps]], ''Néo-physiologie du gout par ordre alphabétique, ou, Dictionnaire génerál de la cuisine française ancienne et moderne''. Lutetiae, 1839 {{Google Books|ts9QAQAAIAAJ}}}} * 1839 : Ippolito Cavalcanti, ''Cucina teorica-pratica''. Neapoli, 1839 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cavalcanti%20-%20Cucina%20casereccia%20napoletana.pdf Textus] * 1839 : [[Ioannes Paget|John Paget]], ''Hungary and Transylvania'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/hungaryandtrans02pagegoog/ vol. 1][https://archive.org/details/agw0321.0002.001.umich.edu/page/226/mode/2up vol. 2 p. 227] * 1840 : "Nourriture" in Ami Boué, ''La Turquie d'Europe'' (4 voll. Lutetiae: Bertrand, 1840) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535022&view=1up&seq=242&skin=2021 vol. 2 pp. 234-258] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535159 vol. 1] [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=chi.65535084 vol. 3] {{Google Books|g15cAAAAcAAJ|vol. 4}} * 1841 : [[Gulielmus Makepeace Thackeray]], "Memorials of Gormandising ... by M. A. Titmarsh" in ''Fraser's Magazine'' (Iunio 1841) [https://archive.org/details/sim_frasers-magazine_1841-06_23_138/page/710/mode/2up pp. 710-725] {{Google Books|_1tAAAAAYAAJ|pp. 375-404 in editione 1885}} * 1841 : Samuel Thomson, ''The Thomsonian Materia Medica, or botanic family physician''. 13a ed. Albaniae Novi Eboraci {{Google Books|tBLyGe6-mA0C|p. 752}} ("strong pepper sauce") * 1841 : Morris Mattson, ''The American Vegetable Practice, or a new and improved guide to health''. Bostoniae: Daniel L. Hale {{Google Books|jVdJpNdjCfIC|vol. 1 p. 279}} ("Pepper sauce: pods of the capsicum steeped in vinegar") * 1842/1844 : {{ec|id=Bollaert (c. 1842)|c=William Bollaert, commentaria (W. Eugene Hollon, Ruth Lapham Butler, edd., ''William Bollaert's Texas'' [Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1956] p. 218)}} * 1842 : {{ec|id=Arago (1842)|c= Jacques Arago, ''Comme on dîne à Paris''. Lutetiae: Berquet & Pétion, 1842 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k64416813 Textus] apud Gallica}} * 1843 : {{ec|id=Wight (1843)|c=Robert Wight, ''Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis'' vol. 2 (Maderaspatani: J. B. Pharoah, 1843) tab. 345}} * 1843 : "Un souper de M. le marquis de Cussy à Rouen" in C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table'' (Lutetiae, 1843) [https://archive.org/details/b21525869/page/514/mode/2up pp. 515-518] * 1843-1844 : Armand Plumerey, ''Le principal de la cuisine de Paris''. 2 voll. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/leprincipaldelac00plum vol. 1] (vide et 1847) * 1845 : Philippus Laurentius Geiger, Carolus Fridericus Mohr, ''Pharmacopoea universalis''. Heidelbergae: Winter, 1845 {{Google Books|8EKWfK507b0C}} * 1845 : Giovanni Brizzi, ''La cuciniera moderna'' Senae, 1845 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Brizzi%20-%20La_cuciniera_moderna_1845.pdf Textus] * 1845 : {{ec|id=Davidis (1845)|c=Henriette Davidis, ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche'' (1845) [http://digital.ub.uni-duesseldorf.de/urn/urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-40760 3a ed. 1847] [https://archive.org/details/b28108309 25a ed. 1882][https://archive.org/details/b21525961/page/n3/mode/2up 37a ed. 1898]}} * 1845 : {{ec|id=Acton (1845)|c="Curries ..." in [[Eliza Acton]], ''Modern cookery in all its branches'' (Londinii: Longmans) [https://archive.org/details/b21531857/page/342/mode/2up pp. 343-353] [https://archive.org/details/moderncookeryin00actogoog 2a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531869/page/n5/mode/2up 3a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531870/page/n5/mode/2up 4a ed.] [https://archive.org/details/b21531882/page/n5/mode/2up 5a ed., 1846] [https://archive.org/details/b21533283/page/n7/mode/2up 6a ed., 1847]}} * 1845 : "Au feu marquis de Cussy" in C. F. A. Fayot, {{Creanda|fr|Elzéar Blaze|Elzear Blaze|Elzéar Blaze}}, ''Causeries de gourmets et de chasseurs'' (Lutetiae: Martinon, 1845) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9612601n/f17 pp. 5-15] * 1845 : {{ec|id= Galván Rivera (1845)|c= {{Creanda|es|Mariano Galván Rivera|Marianus Galván Rivera|Mariano Galván Rivera}}, ''Diccionario de cocina, o El nuevo cocinero mexicano en forma de diccionario''. Mexicopoli: Imprenta del Cumplido, 1845 {{Google Books|bGqMQCMur7sC}} }} (1a ed.: 1831) * 1846 : "Les Restaurants de Paris" in Eugène Briffault, ''Paris à table'' (Lutetiae: Hetzel, 1846) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k108869b/f150 pp. 144-178] * 1846 : "Quelques explications préliminaires" in C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table: édition usuelle'' (Lutetiae, 1846) [https://archive.org/details/lesclassiquesdel00unse/page/n25/mode/2up pp. ix-xii] * 1846 : {{ec|id=Francatelli (1846)|c=[[Carolus Elmé Francatelli|Charles Elmé Francatelli]], ''The Modern Cook'' {{Google Books|3p9kAAAAcAAJ|p. 401}}}} * 1846 : [[Alexis Soyer]], ''The Gastronomic Regenerator''. Londinii: Simpkin, Marshall, 1846 [https://archive.org/details/gastronomicregen00soye_0 Textus] * 1847 : {{ec|id=Carême et al. (1847)|c=[[Antoninus Carême|Antonin Carême]], Armand Plumerey; C. F. A. Fayot, ed., ''L'Art de la cuisine française au dix-neuviême siècle'' (Lutetiae, 1847) [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0001/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0002/ vol. 2] [https://archive.org/details/b21525687_0003/ vol. 3] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0004/ vol. 4] [https://archive.org/details/b21526047_0005/page/252/mode/2up vol. 5 pp. 252-254]}} * 1847 : Susan Shelby Magoffin, ephemerides (Stella M. Drumm, ed., ''Down the Santa Fe Trail and into Mexico: The Diary of Susan Shelby Magoffin, 1846–1847'' [Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1962] [http://cdigital.dgb.uanl.mx/la/1020000885/1020000885.PDF pp. 65, 94] * 1847: Robert H. Schomburgk, "West Indian fruits and esculents that may advantageously be introduced into cultivation in England" in ''Journal of the Horticultural Society of London'' vol. 2 (1847) [https://darwin-online.org.uk/converted/pdf/1847_Herbert_hybridization_vegetables_A4513.pdf pp. 148-155] * 1847 : William H. Edwards, ''A voyage up the River Amazon, including a residence at Pará'' (London: Murray, 1847) [https://archive.org/details/voyageupriverama00edwauoft/page/n57/mode/2up pp. 47-48] ("pepper"), [https://archive.org/details/voyageupriverama00edwauoft/page/n121/mode/2up 111] * 1848 : "Da dou" in {{Creanda|de|Wu Qijun}}, ''Tractatus nominum naturaeque plantarum'' [植物名實圖攷] (Taiyuan, 1848) (fide {{qc|id=Shurtleff et Aoyagi (2012)}} pp. 220-221) * 1848 : ''La Cuisine ordinaire'' (congeries operum [[Antonius Beauvilliers|Beauvilliers]], [[Maria Antonius Carême|Carême]], [[Ioannes Anthelmus Brillat-Savarin|Brillat-Savarin]], [[Iosephus Gastaldy|Gastaldy]], aliorum) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3041516k vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k30415170 vol. 2] apud Gallica * 1848 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1848)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]], ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus''. 4a ed. Lutetiae, 1848 {{Google Books|nLNgAAAAcAAJ}}}} * 1849 : "Soya" in Isidore Hedde et al., ''Étude pratique du commerce d'exportation de la Chine'' (Lutetiae: Librairie du Commerce, 1849) [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001102439556 pp. 188-190] * 1850 : Gideon Nye, ''Tea and the tea trade''. Novi Eboraci: G. W. Wood, 1850 [https://archive.org/details/teateatradeparts00nyegricht Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1850 : J. W. Comfort, ''The Practice of Medicine on Thomsonian Principles''. Nova ed. Philadelphiae {{Google Books|U6_XE9_Q5n4C|pp. 101-105 et passim}} ("pepper sauce, capsicum tea, cayenne pepper") == 1851-1900 == * 1851 : Giovanni Rajberti, ''L'arte di convitare''. 1851 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Rajberti%20-%20L'Arte%20di%20Convitare.pdf Textus] * 1852 : {{ec|id=Riddell (1852)|c="Curries" in Robert F. Riddell, ''Indian domestic economy and receipt book'' (3a ed. Bombayae: Bombay Gazette Press) [https://archive.org/details/b21529942/page/380/mode/2up pp. 380-406]}} * 1852 : [[Sara Iosepha Hale|Sarah Josepha Hale]], ''The ladies' new book of cookery''. 1852 [https://n2t.net/ark:/85335/m5467w Textus] * 1852 : [[Abraham Hayward]], ''The Art of Dining, or, Gastronomy and gastronomers''. Londinii: John Murray, 1852 [https://archive.org/details/b21526746 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1832 : Edwin Lankester, ''Vegetable Substances Used for the Food of Man'' [https://archive.org/details/vegetablesubstan00lank/page/312/mode/2up pp. 313-314] * 1852 : [[Michael Felix Dunal|M. F. Dunal]], "Solanaceae" in [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle|A. de Candolle]], ''[[Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis]]'' vol. 13 fasc. 1 (Lutetiae: Masson, 1852) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/56755458#page/432/mode/1up p. 428] * 1853 : [[Alexis Soyer]], ''The Pantropheon, or History of food and its preparation from the earliest ages of the world''. Londinii: Simpkin, Marshall [https://archive.org/details/b2152953x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1854 : Giovanni Vialardi, ''Tratto di cucina, pasticceria moderna, credenza''. Taurinis, 1854 [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Vialardi%20-Trattato%20Di%20Cucina%20-%201854.pdf Textus] * 1855 : {{ec|id=Améro, ed. (1855)|c=Justin Améro, ed., ''Les Classiques de la table: Nouvelle édition refondue et complétée'' (Lutetiae: Didot, 1855) [https://archive.org/details/b28125551_0001/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lesclassiquesde00conggoog/ 2]}} * 1855/1861 : {{Creanda|fr|Jacques Marie Cyprien Victor Coste|Victor Coste}}, ''Voyage d'exploration sur le littoral de la France et de l'Italie''. [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_d5LomsVLskoC Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/voyagedexplorati00cost 2a ed., 1861] [https://wwz.ifremer.fr/archives/Portraits/V.-Coste De auctore] * 1856 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain Dubois]], [[Aemilius Bernard|Emile Bernard]], ''La cuisine classique: études pratiques, raisonnées et démonstratives de l'école française appliquée au service à la russe''. Lutetiae, 1856 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_pBo-AAAAcAAJ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1856 : [[Fredericus Antonius Guilielmus Miquelius|Fred. Ant. Guilielmi Miquel.]] ''Flora Indiae Batavae = Flora van Nederlandsch Indië'' vol. 2 pars 2 (Lipsiae: apud Frid. Fleischer, 1856) {{Google Books|dzY-AAAAcAAJ|p. 656}} * 1857 : John Bowring, ''The Kingdom and People of Siam: With a Narrative of the Mission to that Country in 1855'' (2 voll. Londinii: Parker) vol. 1 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83041/page/n123/mode/2up pp. 108], [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.83041/page/n251/mode/2up 226], vol. 2 [https://archive.org/details/kingdomandpeopl00bowrgoog/page/n21/mode/2up pp. 4],[https://archive.org/details/kingdomandpeopl00bowrgoog/page/n21/mode/2up 12] (Siam, Laos) * 1858 : ''Nuevo cocinero mejicano en forma de diccionario''. Lutetiae: Rosa y Bouret, 1858 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000040797 Textus] * 1858 : "[https://archive.org/details/irishquarterlyr00unkngoog/page/n523/mode/2up Brillat-Savarin]" in ''Irish Quarterly Review'' vol. 8 no. 30 (1858) pp. 461-492 * 1858 : ''Il cuciniere italiano moderno''. Liburni [https://archive.org/details/b28136469/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21538372/ Editio recentior, anno incerto] * 1859 : ''Il cuoco milanese e la cuciniera piemontese'' (Mediolani) [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/Cuoco%20milanese.pdf pp. 302-303] ("Risotto alla milanese") * 1859 : ''The habits of good society: a handbook of etiquette for ladies and gentlemen''. Londinii: Hogg [https://archive.org/details/habitsofgoodsoci00unse Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1859 : [[Carolus Monselet|Charles Monselet]] et al., ''La Cuisinière poétique''. Lutetiae: Lévy [https://archive.org/details/b28062346/ Textus]; Lipsiae: Dürr [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9682092b Textus] * 1860 : [[Iacobus Emerson Tennant|James Emerson Tennant]], ''Ceylon: an account of the island, physical, historical, and topographical''. 4a ed. 2 voll. Londinii: Longman, 1860 [https://archive.org/details/ceylonaccountofi01tenn vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/ceylonaccountofi02tenn vol. 2] * 1860 : Emile de La Bédollière, ''Le nouveau Paris: histoire de ses 20 arrondissements''. Lutetiae: Barba {{Google Books|iboNAAAAIAAJ|p. 273}} * 1861 : [[Isabella Beeton]], ''[[Beeton's Book of Household Management]]'' (Londinii, 1861) [https://archive.org/details/b20392758/page/136/mode/2up pp. 135-136] "Kegeree" * 1861 : Herbert Byng Hall, ''The Oyster: where, how, and when to find, breed, cook, and eat it''. Londinii: Trübner, 1861 [https://archive.org/details/b21526862 Textus] * 1862 : [[Alfredus Delvau|Alfred Delvau]], ''Histoire anecdotique des cafés et cabarets de Paris''. Lutetiae, 1862 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1025028b Textus] apud Gallica * 1862 : [[Clements Markham]], ''Travels in Peru and India while superintending the collection of chinchona plants and seeds in South America, and their introduction into India'' (Londinii: John Murray) [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/208/mode/2up pp. 208], [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/306/mode/2up 306], [https://archive.org/details/travelsinperuind00mark/page/336/mode/2up 337] * 1862 : G. V., ''Dinners and dinner parties''. London: Chapman and Hall, 1862; [https://archive.org/details/b21527817/page/106/mode/2up pp. 107-108] (not in Laing and Halkett) * 1863 : Thomas George Shaw, ''Wine, the Vine and the Cellar''. Londinii: Longman, Green, 1863 [https://archive.org/details/b28128230 Textus] * 1864 : ''Cookery for English households by a French lady'' (1864) [https://archive.org/details/cookeryforengli00housgoog/page/n108/mode/2up pp. 93-94] sub titulo ''Poulet au vin blanc'' * 1865 : Emanuele Rossi, ''La vera cuciniera genovese'' (Genuae) [http://www.mori.bz.it/gastronomia/E.%20Rossi%20-%20La%20vera%20cuciniera%20genovese.pdf Textus] * 1866 : {{ec|id=Jullien (1866)|c=[[Andreas Jullien|André Jullien]]; C. E. Jullien, ed., ''Topographie de tous les vignobles connus'' (5a ed. Lutetiae, 1866) [https://archive.org/details/topographiedeto00jullgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1867 : [[Leo Brisse]], ''Le calendrier gastronomique pour l’année 1867: les 365 menus du baron Brisse: un menu par jour'' [https://www.loc.gov/item/87103777/ Textus] [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/011530851 alibi] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6568678k editio 1868] * 1867 : "Restaurants" in [[Alfredus Delvau|Alfred Delvau]], ''Les plaisirs de Paris'' (Lutetiae, 1867) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1522335s/f109 pp. 109-144] * 1867 : {{ec|Gouffé (1867)|[[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le Livre de cuisine'' (Lutetiae: Hachette) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1080414 Textus] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k3411211m 2a ed. 1870] [https://archive.org/details/b21525778/page/633/mode/2up 4a ed. 1877, pp. 633-634]}} * 1867 : Kanny Loll Dey, ''The indigenous drugs of India''. Calcutta: Thacker, 1867 [https://archive.org/details/b21513053/ Textus]: Capsicum annuum p. 29; [https://archive.org/details/indigenousdrugs00mairgoog/page/n110/mode/2up 2nd ed. 1896 pp. 64-65] * 1868 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]]; Alphonse Gouffé, interpr., ''The royal cookery book (Le livre de cuisine)''. Londinii: Sampson Low, 1868 [https://archive.org/details/b21505093/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1868 : Theodoro J. H. Langgaard, ''Novo formulario medico e pharmaceutico'' (1868) {{Google Books|QNk8AAAAcAAJ|p. 537}} * 1868? : [[Leo Brisse]], ''La Cuisine à l'usage des ménages bourgeois et des petits ménages'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k110689f editio 1884] * 1869 : {{ec|id=Indian Cookery Book (1869)|c="Curries" in ''The Indian Cookery Book: a practical handbook to the kitchen in India'' (Calcuttae: Wyman) [https://archive.org/details/b2152824x/page/14/mode/2up pp. 14-34]}} * 1869 : William Terrington, ''Cooling cups and dainty drinks''. Londinii: Routledge [https://archive.org/details/coolingcupsandd00terrgoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1869 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le livre des conserves''. Lutetiae: Hachette, 1869 [https://archive.org/details/b2152578x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1869 : Ioannes Alexandrides, ''Ιστορία της Χημείας''. Vindobonae, 1869 {{Google Books|7YC7Tk6CY6gC}} * 1870 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain-Dubois]], ''Cosmopolitan cookery: popular studies'' (Londinii: Longmans, 1870) [https://archive.org/details/b28131241/page/11/mode/1up p. 11] ("'Cuscus' of the Arabs") * 1854-1857 : {{ec|id=Meyer (1854-1857)|c=[[Ernestus Henricus Fridericus Meyer|Ernst H. F. Meyer]], ''Geschichte der Botanik: Studien'' [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302511?page=1 vol. 1] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302512?page=1 2] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302513?page=1 3] [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10302514?page=1 4] }} * 1872 : [[Urbanus Dubois|Urbain Dubois]], ''Cuisine de tous les pays: études cosmopolites''. 3a ed. (Lutetiae: Dentu, 1872) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65442310/f91 pp. 69-70] ("Soupe maigre aux huîtres; Soupe aux huîtres à l'américaine") * 1873 : {{ec|id=Dumas (1873)|c=[[Alexander Dumas (pater)|Alexandre Dumas]], ''Grand Dictionnaire de cuisine'' (Lutetiae: Lemerre, 1873) [https://archive.org/details/b28092818/page/634/mode/2up pp. 634-635]}} * 1873 : [[Aemilius Zola|Emile Zola]], ''[[Le Ventre de Paris]]'' (Lutetiae: Charpentier) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6213165k/f162 pp. 154-155] * 1873? : [[Leo Brisse]], ''Cuisine en carême du baron Brisse'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9205980 2a ed. 1874] * 1875 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''The wines of the world characterized and classed, with some particulars respecting the beers of Europe'' (Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1875) [https://archive.org/details/b21528287/page/50/mode/2up pp. 51-57] * 1876 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about sherry''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1876 [https://archive.org/details/factsaboutsherr00vizegoog Textus] * 1876 : [[Ludovicus Henricus Morgan|Lewis Henry Morgan]], "[montezumasdinne00morggoog/page/n45/mode/2up Montezuma's Dinner]" [commentatio sine titulo divulgata] in ''North American Review'' (Aprilis 1876) pp. 265-308; postea forma libri reimpressa Novi Eboraci: New York Labor News Company, 1950 * 1877 : [[Iulius Gouffé|Jules Gouffé]], ''Le Livre de pâtisserie''. Lutetiae: Hachette [https://archive.org/details/GoufPa/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1877 : "Sauce" in {{Creanda|en|Eneas Sweetland Dallas|Aeneas Sweetland Dallas|Eneas Sweetland Dallas}}, ''Kettner's Book of the Table'' (Londinii: Dulau, 1877) [https://archive.org/details/b2153794x/page/408/mode/2up pp. 409-419] * 1877 : {{ec|id=Blanco (1877)|c=Manuel Blanco, ''Flora de Filipinas'' (4 voll. Manilae: Plana, 1877-1883) [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/277741#page/217/mode/1up vol. 1 p. 177] et tabula 49}} * 1878 : A. R. Kenney-Herbert, ''Culinary Jottings for Madras ... by "Wyvern"''. Maderaspatani: Higginbotham [https://archive.org/details/b28119617/ Textus]; titulo ''Culinary Jottings'' [https://archive.org/details/b28089583 5a ed. 1885] * 1878 : {{ec|id=Sauvé (1878)|c= L.-F. Sauvé, ''Proverbes et dictons de la Basse-Bretagne'' (Lutetiae: Honoré Champion, 1878) [https://archive.org/details/proverbesetdict00sauvgoog/page/n119/mode/2up pp. 106-107] }} * 1879 : {{ec|id=Davidis (1879)|c=Henriette Davidis, ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die Deutschen in Amerika'' (Milwaukee: Brumber, 1879) [https://archive.org/details/praktischeskochb00davi/ Textus] [https://archive.org/details/praktischeskochb01davi/ 2a ed. 1897]}} * 1879 : Friedrich A. Flueckiger, Daniel Hanbury, ''Pharmacographia''. 2a ed. Londinii, 1879 {{Google Books|5Q0b1XdRSIgC}} * 1879 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about champagne and other sparkling wines''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1879 [https://archive.org/details/b21528317 Textus] * 1880 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''Facts about Port and Madeira''. Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1880 {{Google Books|dlA7AQAAMAAJ}} * 1882 : [[Henricus Vizetelly|Henry Vizetelly]], ''A history of champagne''. Londinii: Vizetelly, 1882 [https://archive.org/details/historyofchampag00vize Textus] * 1882 : [[Leo Brisse]]; Edith Matthew Clark, ed. et interpr., ''366 menus and 1200 recipes of the Baron Brisse in French and English''. Londinii: Low, Marston, Searle, & Rivington [https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/008611336 Textus] * 1883 : Samuel Wells Williams, ''The Middle Kingdom''. Ed. recensa. Londinii: Allen, 1883 [https://archive.org/details/middlekingdomsur01will_2 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/middlekingdomsur02will_2 vol. 2] * 1883 : [[Alphonsus Pyramus de Candolle|Alphonse de Candolle]], ''Origine des plantes cultivées''. Lutetiae: Baillière [https://archive.org/details/originedesplant02candgoog Textus] * 1883 : {{ec|id=Dickens (1883)|c="Tripes à la mode de Caen" in [[Carolus Dickens|Charles Dickens]], ''Dickens's Dictionary of Paris, 1883''. Macmillan {{Google Books|UW0DAAAAQAAJ|p. 268}}}} * 1885 : [[Lafcadio Hearn]], ''La Cuisine creole: a collection of culinary recipes from leading chefs and noted Creole housewives who have made New Orleans famous for its cuisine''. 2a ed. Novae Aureliae, 1885 [https://archive.org/details/lacuisinecreolec00hearrich Textus] * 1885 : [[Agnes Marshall|A. B. Marshall]], ''The Book of Ices''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b21528068/ Textus priscus]; [https://archive.org/details/b21539613/ editio aucta] * 1885 : William Dymock, ''The Vegetable Materia Medica of Western India''. Bombay, 1885 {{Google Books|0ygJAAAAIAAJ|pp. 640-643}} * 1886 : [[William Carew Hazlitt|Gulielmus Carew Hazlitt]], ''Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine'' (Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1886) [https://archive.org/details/b21525079 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/12293/12293-h/12293-h.htm editio 1902] apud ''Project Gutenberg''; [[:s:en:Old Cookery Books and Ancient Cuisine|apud Vicifontem]] * 1886 : J. E. T. Aitchison, "Some Plants of Afghanistan and Their Medicinal Products" in ''Pharmaceutical Journal and Transactions'' (Decembri 1886); reimpressum in eiusdem ''Notes on the Products of Western Afghanistan and North-Eastern Persia'' (Edinburgi, 1890) [https://archive.org/details/dli.pahar.1203/page/69/mode/2up pp. 69-73] * 1887 : Maria Parloa, ''Miss Parloa's Kitchen Companion'' (Bostoniae: Estes and Lauriat) [https://archive.org/details/missparloaskitch00parlrich/page/224/mode/2up p. 225] * 1887-1890 : [[Eduardus Ludovicus Sturtevant|E. L. Sturtevant]], "The History of Garden Vegetables" in ''American Naturalist'' voll. 21-24 (1887-1890): vol. 21 pp. 49-59, 125-133, 321-333, 433-444, 701-712, 826-833, 903-912, 975-985; vol. 22 pp. 420-433, 802-808, 979-987; vol. 24 pp. 30-48, 143-157, 629-656, 719-744 (cf. 1919) * 1888 : Doctor [[Marianus Pardo de Figueroa|Thebussem]], ''La mesa moderna''. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/lamesamodernaca00conggoog Textus] [https://archive.org/details/lamesamodernacar00theb 2a ed. eiusdem anni] * 1888 : ''Dainty Dishes for Indian Tables'' (2a ed. Calcuttae: Newman, 1888) [https://archive.org/details/daintydishesfor00unkngoog/page/n174/mode/2up pp. 158-161] * 1888 : W. H. Dawe, ''The Wife's Help to Indian Cookery'' (Londinii: Elliot Stock, 1888) [https://archive.org/details/b21528378 Textus] * 1889 : Gustave Garlin, ''Le cuisinier moderne''. Lutetiae: Garnier, 1889 [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermoder01garl vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/lecuisiniermoder02garl 2] * 1889 : Daniel Santiagoe, ''The curry cook's assistant''. London : Kegan Paul, 1889; [https://archive.org/details/b28133055/ Textus]; [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/34107/34107-h/34107-h.htm recensio interretialis] * 1889-1893 : George Watt, ''A Dictionary Of The Economic Products Of India'' 6 voll. (Calcuttae) [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia1 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia2 2] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia3 3] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia4 4] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia5 5] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia61 6 i] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia62 6 ii] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia63 6 iii] [https://archive.org/details/DictionaryOfTheEconomicProductsOfIndia64 6 iv] * 1889-1891 : {{ec|Favre (1889-1901)|[[Iosephus Favre|Joseph Favre]], ''Dictionnaire universel de cuisine et d'hygiène alimentaire'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65654445 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6565413m 2]}} * 1890-1891 : John R. Philpots, ''Oysters, and all about them''. 2 voll. Londinii: John Richardson, 1890-1891 [https://archive.org/details/oystersallaboutt01phil Textus] * 1891 : Grace Johnson, ''Anglo-Indian And Oriental Cookery''. Londinii: Allen [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.501516/ Textus] * 1891 : Gabrielle Le Brasseur; Mary Hooper, interpr., ''Hints on cookery and management of the table'' (Londinii: Spencer Blackett, 1891) [https://archive.org/details/b28125770/page/n41/mode/2up pp. 27-28] (titulus priscus: ''Ma cuisine'') * 1891 : [[Peregrinus Artusi|Pellegrino Artusi]], ''[[La scienza in cucina e l'arte di mangiar bene]]''. Florentiae: Landi, 1891 [https://archive.org/details/artusi-1891 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1892 : [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ''Practical gastronomy and culinary dictionary'' (Londinii: Spottiswoode) [https://archive.org/details/b28107822/page/n7/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1892 : C. A. M. Fennell, ed., ''The Stanford dictionary of Anglicised words and phrases'' (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1892) s.vv. Cayenne pepper, Chilli {{Google Books|0KAYAAAAIAA|pp. 223, 240}} * 1893 : Caroline Sullivan, ''The Jamaica Cookery Book'' (Kingston Iamaicae: Gardner, 1893) p. 115 ("scaveeched king-fish") * 1893 : Flora Annie Steel, Grace Gardiner, ''The complete Indian housekeeper and cook'' (3a ed. Edinburgi: Edinburgh Press, 1893) [https://archive.org/details/b28081663 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/b21528640 Nova ed. 1909] * 1893 : Jessup Whitehead, ''Cooking for profit: A new American cook book''. Chicagine {{Google Books|UDhEAAAAYAAJ|p. 193}} ("Oyster brochettes à la creole") * 1894 : Charles Ranhofer, ''The Epicurean'' (Novi Eboraci, 1894) [https://d.lib.msu.edu/fa/26#page/422/mode/2up pp. 408-413] * 1894 : ''Spons' Household Manual: a treasury of domestic receipts and guide for home management'' (Londinii: Spon) [https://archive.org/details/b21539303/page/502/mode/2up p. 500] ("Malay chicken (Doopiazeh curry)") * 1894 : [[Agnes Marshall|A. B. Marshall]], ''Fancy Ices''. Londinii [https://archive.org/details/b29314501/ Textus] * 1894 : Chatillon-Plessis, ''La Vie à table à la fin du 19e siècle''. Lutetiae: Diderot {{Google Books|JFQ4-9XhE-gC|pp. 273-275}} * 1895 : Thomas J. Murrey, ''The Murrey Collection of Cookery Books'' (Novi Eboraci) [https://archive.org/details/murreycollectio00murrgoog/page/n424/mode/2up "Oysters and Fish" pp. 27-28] ("Oysters en brochette") * 1895 : George J. Kappeler, ''Modern American Drinks: How to Mix and Serve All Kinds of Cups and Drinks''. Novi Eboraci: Merriam, 1895 [https://archive.org/details/modernamericandr00kapp Textus] * 1895 : Henrietta A. Hervey, ''Anglo-Indian cookery at home: a short treatise for returned exiles'' (London: H. Cox, 1895) [https://archive.org/details/b28047898/page/n17/mode/2up pp. 10-17] ("curry powder, curries") * 1895 : {{ec|id=Sala (1895)|c=[[Georgius Augustus Sala|George Augustus Sala]], ''The Thorough Good Cook'' [https://archive.org/details/b21530014/page/343/mode/2up p. 343 editionis Neo-Eboracensis 1896] }} * 1895 : Jean De Gouy, ''La Cuisine et la patisserie bourgeoises en Belgique et à l'étranger''. Bruxellis {{Google Books|n8xHAQAAMAAJ|p. 157}} (petits pâtés au godiveau") * 1895 : {{ec|id=Thomas (1895)|c= Joseph Thomas, ''Randigal Rhymes'' (Penzance: Rodda, 1895) [https://archive.org/details/randigalrhymesan00thomrich/page/6/mode/2up p. 6] }} * 1896 : Louis Fouquet, ''Bariana: Recueil de toutes boissons americains et anglaises'' (Lutetiae) [http://www.euvs.org/pdf/BARIANA-WEB.pdf p. 25 no. 18] ("martini cocktail") * 1897 : [[Abrahamus Stoker|Bram Stoker]], ''[[Dracula (Stoker)|Dracula]]'' (Londinii) p. 1 * 1898 : [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ''Senn's culinary encyclopaedia'' (Londinii: Spottiswoode) [https://archive.org/details/sennsculinaryenc00senn Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1898 : [[Georgius Watt|George Watt]], ''The pests and blights of the tea plant being a report of investigations conducted in Assam and to some extent also in Kangra''. Calcuttae: Superintendent, Government Printing [https://archive.org/details/cu31924024006623/page/n6 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1898 : {{Creanda|es|Henry Clay Irish|Henricus Clay Irish|H. C. Irish}}, "[https://archive.org/details/revisionofgenusc00irisrich/ A revision of the genus Capsicum, with especial reference to garden varieties]" in ''Missouri Botanical Garden Annual Report'' (1898) pp. 53-110 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2992137 JSTOR] * 1898 : {{Creanda|d|Q100233613|Incarnatio Pinedo|Encarnación Pinedo}}, ''El cocinero español''. Franciscopoli (Dan Strehl, Victor Valle, edd., ''Encarnación’s kitchen : Mexican recipes from nineteenth-century California'' [Berkeleiae: University of California Press, 2003]) * 1899 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''Dinners and Diners: where and how to dine in London''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1899 [https://archive.org/details/b21528974 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'; [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fe/Lieutenant-Colonel_Nathaniel_Newnham_Davis.jpg De auctore] * 1900 : ''The Nabob's Cookery Book: a manual of East and West Indian recipes ... by P. O. P.'' (Londinii: Warne) [https://archive.org/details/b28060799/page/n15/mode/2up no. 1-24] * 1900 : ''The Picayune's Creole Cook Book'' Novae Aureliae [https://www.nola.com/entertainment_life/eat-drink/article_a067a27c-91f6-538a-af50-0be0eca945d1.html de editione prima]; [https://archive.org/details/picayunescreolec0000unse_n7m7/mode/2up ed. 2ae (1901) reimpressae exemplar mutuabile]; [https://archive.org/details/cu31924073878708/page/n5/mode/2up ed. 4a (1910)] * 1900 : Rowland Strong, ''Where and How to Dine in Paris''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1900 [https://archive.org/details/whereandhowtodi00strogoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1900 : Pierre Lacam, ''Le mémorial historique et géographique de la pâtisserie'' (Lutetiae) [https://archive.org/details/b28054234/page/170/mode/2up p. 171] * 1900 : [[Prosper Montagné]], [[Prosper Salles]], [[Phileas Gilbert]] : ''La Grande Cuisine illustrée'' [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9304528 Textus] apud Gallica == saeculum XX == * 1901 : {{ec|id=Holle (1901)|c=Henriette Davidis; Luise Holle, ed., ''Henriette Davidis-Holle: Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche'' (Bielefeld: Velhagen & Klasing, 1901) [https://archive.org/details/b21536004/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1903 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1903)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''[[Le Guide culinaire]]'' (Lutetiae, 1903) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65768837 Textus] apud Gallica; [https://archive.org/details/b21525730 textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1903 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], Algernon Bastard, ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1903 [https://archive.org/details/b21504829 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1903 : Adolphe Meyer, ''The post-graduate cookery book'' (Novi Eboraci: Caterer, 1903) [https://archive.org/details/postgraduatecook00meye/page/30/mode/2up pp. 30-31] * 1903 : Ketab, ''Indian dishes for English tables''. Londinii: Chapman & Hall, 1903 [https://archive.org/details/b2812277x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1904 : A. R. Kenney-Herbert, ''Wyvern's Indian Cookery Book''. Maderaspatani: Higginbotham, 1904 [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.221260 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1905 : [[Iosephus Favre|Joseph Favre]], ''Dictionnaire universel de cuisine pratique''. 2a ed. [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57300060 vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57317645 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57280474 vol. 3] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57300438 vol. 4] * 1906 : {{ec|id=Senn (1906)|c="Indian Cookery" in [[Isabella Beeton]]; [[Carolus Herman Senn|Charles Herman Senn]], ed., ''[[Beeton's Book of Household Management|Mrs. Beeton's Book of Household Management]]'' (Londinii: Ward, Lock, 1906) [https://archive.org/details/b21530105/page/1598/mode/2up pp. 1599-1613]}} * 1906 : Frank Schloesser, ''The Greedy Book: a gastronomical anthology'' (Londinii: Gay and Bird, 1906) [https://archive.org/details/b21505007/page/166/mode/2up p. 167] * 1907 : {{ec|id=Richardin, ed. (1907)|c= [[Edmundus Richardin|Edmond Richardin]], ed., ''L'art du bien manger''. Nova ed. (Lutetiae: Librairie Nilsson) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k203897f Textus apud Gallica]}} (primum anno 1901 edita?) * 1907 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Guide culinaire'' (2a ed. Lutetiae, 1907) [https://archive.org/details/b21525912/page/524/mode/2up pp. 525-526]}} * 1907 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''A Guide to Modern Cookery''. Londinii: Heinemann [https://archive.org/details/cu31924000610117 Textus]; 2a ed. Londinii, 1909; [https://archive.org/details/b21530142 Textus impressionis 1926]}} * 1907? : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1907)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''A Few Recipes'' (Londinii: Escoffier, 1907?) [https://archive.org/details/fewrecipesbymons00esco Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1907 : {{ec|id=Wiemann (1907)|c=Henriette Davidis; Gertrude Wiemann, ed., ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche. Neue illustrierte Ausgabe'' (Berolini: W. Herlet, 1907) [https://www.projekt-gutenberg.org/davidis/kochbuch/kochbuch.html Recensio interretialis]}} * 1908 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. 2a ed. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1908 [https://archive.org/details/b2152709x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1908 : George Watt, ''The Commercial Products of India'' (Londinii: Murray) [https://archive.org/details/dli.csl.5683/ Textus] * 1909 : Eleanor Jenkinson, ''The Ocklye Cookery Book: a book of recipes by a lady and her cook''. Crowborough: H. Wilkins, 1909 [https://archive.org/details/b28065311/page/n79/mode/2up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1911 : Robert H. Christie, ''Banquets of the Nations: eighty-six dinners characteristic and typical each of its own country''. Edinburgh: Gray, 1911 [https://archive.org/details/b21528676 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1911 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to Europe''. 3a ed. Londinii: Grant Richards, 1911 [https://archive.org/details/b2804938x Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1912 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1912)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Livre des menus''. Lutetiae, 1912 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9629814d Textus]}} * 1912 : [[Franciscus Jammes|Francis Jammes]], ''Les Géorgiques chrétiennes'' (1912) [https://archive.org/details/lesgorgiquesch00jammuoft/page/144/mode/2up p. 145 editionis 1914] * 1912 : [[Georgius Earl Church|George Earl Church]]; [[Clements Markham]], ed., ''Aborigines of South America'' (London: Chapman and Hall, 1912) [https://archive.org/details/aboriginesofsout00churuoft/page/230/mode/2up pp. 231-233] * 1913 : Emilia Pardo Bazán, ''La cocina española antigua''. Matriti: Renacimiento, 1913 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000244326 Textus] * 1914 : May Byron, ''Pot-luck, or The British home cookery book''. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton, 1914 [https://archive.org/details/cu31924001893241 2a ed. 1915] * 1914 : [[Nathaniel Newnham-Davis]], ''The Gourmet's Guide to London''. Londinii: Grant Richards [https://archive.org/details/b28107548 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; Novi Eboraci: Brentano's [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/53304/53304-h/53304-h.htm Textus] apud ''Project Gutenberg'' * 1919 : [[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]] et al., ''L'Heptameron des gourmets''. Lutetiae, 1909 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k315710q Textus] apud Gallica * 1919 : [[Eduardus Ludovicus Sturtevant|E. L. Sturtevant]]; U. P. Hedrick, ed., ''Sturtevant's notes on edible plants''. (''Report of the New York Agricultural Experiment Station'', 1919, pars 2.) Albaniae, 1919 [https://archive.org/details/sturtevantsnotes00sturuoft/ Textus] * 1920 : Carmen de Burgos, ''La cocina práctica'' (Valentiae: Sempere, 1920) [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000161962 Textus] * 1920 : [[Marcellus Rouff|Marcel Rouff]], ''La Vie et la passion de Dodin-Bouffant gourmet''. Lutetiae: Société littéraire de France (editio lacunosa); editio perfecta, 1924 [http://dodinbouffant.com/site_images/telechargement/La%20vie%20et%20passion%20de%20dodin-Bouffant.pdf Recensio interretialis editionis 1924] * 1920 : Julian Street, ''Where Paris Dines''. Garden City NY: Doubleday [https://archive.org/details/whereparisdines0000juli/ Textus] * 1921 : [[Bertrandus Guégan|Bertrand Guégan]], ''La fleur de la cuisine française''. Vol. 2. Lutetiae: La Sirène, 1921 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k42212299 textus] * 1922 : {{ec|id=Zäh (1922)|c=Henriette Davidis; Rudolf Zäh, ed., ''Praktisches Kochbuch für die bürgerliche und feine Küche. Volksausgabe'' (1922) [https://d-nb.info/575461721/04 Index capitulorum]}} * 1923 : {{Creanda|fr|Victor Thomas|Victor Thomas|Thomas Gringoire}}, [[Ludovicus Saulnier|Louis Saulnier]], ''Le Répertoire de la cuisine''. 3a ed. Londinii: Allard, 1923 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9638563t Textus] apud Gallica (1a ed. 1914) * 1926 : {{ec|Nignon (1926)|[[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]], ''Les Plaisirs de la table''}} * 1927 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1927)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Le Riz''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1927 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k858014w Textus]}} * 1928 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1928)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''L'Aide-mémoire culinaire''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1928 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1265661m Textus]}} * 1928 : {{ec|Croze (1928)|[[Augustinus de Croze|Austin de Croze]], ''Les Plats régionaux de France. 1400 succulentes recettes traditionnelles de toutes les provinces françaises''. Lutetiae: Editions Montaigne [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k323158z Textus]}} * 1929 : Dionisio Pérez, ''Guía del buen comer español''. Matriti, 1929 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000204799 Textus] * 1930 : Gerardo Corrales, ''Club de cantiñeros de la República de Cuba: Manual oficial'' (Havanae, 1930) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1930-Club-de-Cantineros-de-la-Republica-de-Cuba-Manual-Oficial/50/ p. 51] ("Martini cocktail ... fórmula original creación de la case Martini & Rossi") * 1931 : {{ec|id=Grieve (1931)|c=[[Magdalena Grieve|Maud Grieve]]; [[Hilda Leyel]], ed., ''A modern herbal'' (Londinii: Jonathan Cape, 1931) p. 974 ("Meadowsweet") [http://botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/mgmh.html Recensio interretialis]}} * 1931 : ''Poesia nascosta: seicento ricette di cucina ebraica in Italia'' (Patavii, 1931) [http://www.archivio-torah.it/ebooks/poesianascosta/ Textus] * 1932 : {{ec|id=Sloppy Joe (1932)|c=''Sloppy Joe's Cocktails Manual'' (Havanae, 1932) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1932-Sloppy-Joe-s/8 pp. 9, 13] ("Bacardi cocktails: mojito; Gordon Dry Gin cocktails: mojito")}} * 1932 : Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, ''La cucina futurista''. Mediolani: Sonzogno, 1932 [https://archive.org/details/marin_cucina_1932_images/ Textus] * 1932 : Florence White, ''Good Things in England'' (Londinii: Jonathan Cape, 1932) ("caramel cream") * 1933 : {{ec|Nignon (1933)|[[Eduardus Nignon|Édouard Nignon]]; [[Sacha Guitry]], praef., : ''Éloges de la cuisine française''}} * 1933 : {{ec|id=Sloppy Joe (1933)|c=''Sloppy Joe's Cocktails Manual'' (Havanae, 1933) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1933-Sloppy-Joe-s-Cocktails-Manual/II p. 18] ("dry martini, sweet martini")}} * 1933 : [[Gualterus Starkie|Walter Starkie]], ''Raggle-Taggle: adventures with a fiddle in Hungary and Roumania'' (Londinii) [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.208611/page/n303/mode/2up p. 289] * 1934 : {{ec|id=Escoffier (1934)|c=[[Augustus Escoffier|Auguste Escoffier]], ''Ma Cuisine''. Lutetiae: Flammarion, 1934 [https://archive.org/details/AugusteEscoffier1934FlamarionMaCuisineINDEXP677 Textus]}} * 1934 : {{ec|id= Duffy (1934)|c= Patrick Gavin Duffy,<ref>[https://library.cocktailkingdom.com/exh.figures.duffy_patrick_gavin.html de auctore]</ref> ''The official mixer's manual''. Novi Eboraci: Nathan Straus (?) [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822031041288 Textus apud Hathi Trust] }} 2a ed. 1940; 3a ed. (a [[Iacobus Beard|James Beard]] aucta) 1956 * 1934 : Karoly Gundel, ''Kleines ungarisches Kochbuch'' ([https://kochbuchsuechtig.blogspot.com/2016/12/kleines-ungarisches-kochbuch.html Descriptio editionis posterioris]) * 1935 : {{Creanda|es|Marquesa de Parabere|María Mestayer de Echagüe}}, ''Platos escogidos de la cocina vasca''. Bilbao: Grijelmo, 1935 [http://www.kmliburutegia.net/Record/230001 Textus] * 1938 : {{ec|id=Montagné (1938)|c=[[Prosper Montagné]], ''[[Larousse gastronomique]]'' (Lutetiae: Larousse, 1938)}} * 1939 : ''Floridita cock-tails'' (Havanae, 1939) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-Floridita-Cock-tails/46 pp. 47-48] ("mojito criollo no. 1, no. 2, no.3") * 1939 : ''Sloppy Joe's Cocktail Manual'' (Havanae, 1939) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-Sloppy-Joe-s-Season-1939/10 pp. 10, 14] ("Sloppy Joe's ron drinks: mojito; jin mojito") * 1939 : {{ec|id=Baker (1939)|c= [[Carolus Henricus Baker|Charles H. Baker Jr]], ''The Gentleman’s Companion, Volume II: being an exotic drinking book''. Novi Eboraci: Derrydale Press, 1939 [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1939-The-Gentleman-s-Companion-volume-II-Beeing-an-Exotic-Drinking-Book/X Textus] }} * 1939 : Stanley Clisby Arthur, ''Famous New Orleans Drinks and How to Mix 'Em''. Novae Aureliae: Harmanson, 1939 [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1938-Famous-New-Orleans-Drinks-and-how-to-mix-em-3rd-printing-by-Stanley-Clisby-Arthur/2 Textus] * 1940 : Claud Bald, ''Indian Tea: 'A Textbook on the Culture and Manufacture of Tea.'' Ed. 5a. Calcuttae: Thacker, Spink & Co. [https://archive.org/details/dli.bengal.10689.3392 4a ed., 1922] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1941 : [[Crosby Gaige]], ''Cocktail Guide and Ladies' Companion''; [[Crosby Gaige]]; Lucius Beebe, praef., ''Cocktail Guide and Ladies' Companion''. 5a ed. Novi Eboraci: Fireside Press; [https://thecarycollection.com/products/crosby-gaiges-cocktail-guide-and-ladies-compamion de hac editione] * 1945 : {{Creanda|en|Buwei Yang Chao}}, {{Creanda|en|Yuen Ren Chao}}, ''{{Creanda|en|How to Cook and Eat in Chinese}}''. Novi Eboraci: John Day<ref>Charles W. Hayford, "Open Recipes Openly Arrived At" in ''Journal of Oriental Studies'' vol. 45 (2012) pp. 67-87 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43498205 JSTOR]</ref> [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00cha0 exemplar mutuabilis editionis 1949]; [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00bych editionis 1963]; [https://archive.org/details/howtocookeatinch00chao editionis Britannicae] * 1946 : {{ec|id= Velázquez de León (1946)|c= {{Creanda|es|Josefina Velázquez de León|Iosephina Velázquez de León|Josefina Velázquez de León}}, ''Platillos regionales de la República Mexicana''. Mexicopoli, 1946 }} * 1947 : Zhang Tongzhi, "Baimen shipu" [List of Jinling’s Delicacies] in ''Nanjing wenxian'' [Nanjing documents] <ref>Andrea Montanari, "Gastronomic Practice in Zhang Tongzhi’s List of Jinling’s Delicacies" in ''Gastronomica'' vol. 19 (2019) pp. 10-19 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26854636 JSTOR]</ref> * 1948 : David A. Embury, ''The Fine Art of Mixing Drinks''. Novi Eboraci: Doubleday, 1948 * 1948 : Hilario Alonso Sánchez, ''El Arte del Cantinero'' (Havanae, 1948) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1948-El-Arte-del-Cantinero-Mixellany/468/ p. 436] ("mojito") * 1948 : ''Ron Daiquiri coctelera cocktail book'' (Havanae, 1948) [https://euvs-vintage-cocktail-books.cld.bz/1948-Ron-Daiquiri-Coctelera-Cocktail-Book-Habana-Cuba/18/ p. 20] ("Cuban drinks: mojito") * 1949 : {{ec|id=Fisher (1949)|c=[[M. F. K. Fisher]], interpr., ''Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin: The Physiology of Taste; or, Meditations on transcendental gastronomy''. Novi Eboraci: Limited Editions Club, 1949}} * medio saeculo XX : [[Phia Sing]] ([[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], Jennifer Davidson, edd., ''Phia Sing: Traditional Recipes of Laos'' [Londinii: Prospect Books, 1981] pp. 48, 183, 197 et passim} * 1954 : [[Elizabeth David]], ''Italian Food''. Londinii: Macdonald * c. 1960 : Felice Cùnsolo, ''Cucina milanese''. Mediolani: Novedit, s.d. [https://archive.org/details/digitami_LO11012739/ Textus] * 1960 : {{ec|id=David (1960)|c=[[Elizabeth David]], ''[[French Provincial Cooking]]''. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1960}} * 1963 : [[Elizabeth David]], ''Italian Food''. Nova ed. (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1963) pp. 123-125 * 1974 : {{Creanda|en|Buwei Yang Chao}}, ''How to order and eat in Chinese''. Novi Eboraci: Vintage, 1974 [https://archive.org/details/howtoordereatinc00chao/page/n9/mode/2up Exemplar mutuabile] * 1974 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Madame Wu's Art of Chinese Cooking'' [https://archive.org/details/madamewusartofch00wusy Exemplar mutuabile editionis 1976] * 1975 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Fish and Fish Dishes of Laos'' (Rutland: Tuttle, 1975) p. 104 * 1975 : {{ec|id=Lambert Ortiz (1975)|c=Elisabeth Lambert Ortiz, ''Caribbean Cooking'' (Londinii: Deutsch, 1975) pp. 76-77 et passim}} * 1979 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''North Atlantic Seafood'' (Londinii: Macmillan, 1979) pp. 186-187 * 1980 : Meera Taneja, ''Indian Regional Cookery'' (Londinii: Mills and Boon) pp. 18-19 ("aaloo samosa, ''pastries filled with spicy potato''") * 1981 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Mediterranean Seafood'' (2a ed. Londinii: Penguin, 1981) p. 178 * 1982 : [[Alicia Waters|Alice Waters]], ''Chez Panisse Menu Cookbook''. ISBN 0-394-51787-3 * 1983 : {{ec|id=David (1983)|c=[[Elizabeth David]], ''[[French Provincial Cooking]]''. Nova ed. Londinii: Penguin, 1983}} * 1984 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Cooking With Madame Wu: yin and yang recipes for health and longevity''. Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill * 1993 : Rena Salaman, ''Greek Food''. Nova ed. (Londinii: Harper Collins, 1993) pp. 26, 66-67 ("mayiritsa") * 1995 : Maria Kaneva Johnson, ''The Melting Pot: Balkan food and cookery'' (Totenais: Prospect Books, 1995) pp. 78-79, cf. 63 * 1999 : ''Pat Chapman's Curry Bible''. Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton. ISBN 0-340-68037-7 == Saeculum XXI == * 2001 : [[Sylvia Wu]], ''Madame Wu's Garden : a pictorial history of a celebrated landmark''. Sanctae Monicae: Wu Enterprises, 2001 * 2001 : Diane Kochilas, ''The Glorious Foods of Greece'' (Novi Eboraci: William Morrow, 2001) p. 125 ("Greek Easter innards sausage: kokkoretsi") * 2002 : Eliana Thibaut i Comalada, ''La cuina tradicional de la Catalunya Nord'' (Cossetània Edicions, 2002. ISBN 84-95684-67-5) {{Google Books|34mqMjgDK7EC|p. 143}} ("llagostada o civet de llagosta de Cotlliure") * 2002 : William Rubel, ''The Magic of Fire'' (Berkeleiae: Ten Speed Press) pp. 112-113 ("lamb kebab") * 2003 : [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Seafood of South-East Asia'' (2a ed. Totenais: Prospect Books, 2003) p. 139 * 2003 : Clifford Wright, ''The Little Foods of the Mediterranean'' (Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard Common Press, 2003) {{Google Books|x3t2IJeFIh8C|pp. 451-452}} ("mulinciana a schibecci" et "cucuzzeddi fritti cu schibecci", paropsides duae de melongena fricta e sicbeis) * 2006 : Christopher Grocock, Sally Grainger, edd., ''Apicius. A critical edition with an introduction and an English translation''. Totenais: Prospect Books. ISBN 1903018137 {{Ling|Latine|Anglice}} * 2006 : [[Fuchsia Dunlop]], ''Revolutionary Chinese Cookbook: recipes from Hunan province'' (Londinii: Ebury Press, 2006) pp. 76, 78-80 * 2010 : "Crab paste jeow: jeow nam bpoo" in Dorothy Culloty, ''Food from Northern Laos: the Boat Landing cookbook'' (Te Awamutu Novae Zelandiae: Galangal Press, 2010) [https://ffnlblog.files.wordpress.com/2019/03/food-from-n-laos-pdf-2019.pdf pp. 82-91, cf. p. 39] * 2013 : Cinzia Trenchi, Enzo Monaco, Mario Dadomo, ''Peperoncino. Momenti di passione piccante'' (Mediolani: White Star, 2013. ISBN 9788854021280)<ref>[https://www.unilibro.it/libro/trenchi-cinzia/peperoncino-momenti-passione-piccante/9788854021280 De hoc libro]</ref> * 2019 : [[Fuchsia Dunlop]], ''The Food of Sichuan'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2019) pp. 342-367 == Eruditio == * K. T. Achaya, ''Indian Food: a historical companion'' (Dellii: Oxford University Press, 1994) * {{ec|id=Adams (2003)|c=J. N. Adams, ''Bilingualism and the Latin language'' (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2003) pp. 448-449, 463, 496 et alibi}} * {{ec|id=Lambert (2002)|c=Carole Lambert, "Medieval France: B. The South" in Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed., ''Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2002) pp. 67-84}} * {{ec|id=Varey (2002)|c=Simon Varey, "Medieval and Renaissance Italy: A. The Peninsula" in Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed., ''Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2002) pp. 85-112}} * E. N. Anderson, ''Food and Environment in Early and Medieval China'' (Philadelphiae: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014) pp. 85-87 * {{ec|id=Andrews (1980)|c=A. C. Andrews, "Index of plants" in W. H. S. Jones, ''Pliny: Natural History, books XXIV-XXVII'' (Cantabrigiae Mass., editio recensa, 1980) pp. 485-557 s.v. "oenanthe"}} * Luc Bihl-Willette, ''Des tavernes aux bistrots. Une histoire des cafés'' (Lutetiae: L'Âge d'Homme, 1997. ISBN 9782825107737) * Eric Block, ''Garlic and Other Alliums: The Lore and the Science''. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2010 {{Google Books|6AB89RHV9ucC|Paginae selectae}} * Hector Bolitho, ''The Glorious Oyster: His History in Rome and in Britain, His Anatomy and Reproduction, how to Cook Him, and what Various Writers and Poets Have Written in His Praise''. Novi Eboraci: Knopf, 1929 * {{ec|id=Bosland et al. (1998)|c=[[Paulus Bosland|Paul W. Bosland]], Alton L. Bailey, Jaime Iglesias-Olivas, ''[http://contentdm.nmsu.edu/cdm/ref/collection/AgCircs/id/12518 Capsicum pepper varieties and classification]''. NMSU Cooperative Extension Service and Agricultural Experiment Station, 1998}} * {{ec|id=Burnett et Saberi (2008)|c=David Burnett, Helen Saberi, ''The Road to Vindaloo: curry cooks and curry books''. Totnes: Prospect Books, 2008. ISBN 978-1-903018-57-6}} * David Burton, ''The Raj at Table: A Culinary History of the British in India''. Londinii: Faber, 1994 * Kwang-chi Chang, "Food and Food Vessels in Ancient China" in ''Transactions of the New York Academy of Medicine'' ser. 2a vol. 35 (1973) * Kwang-chi Chang, ed., ''Food in Chinese Culture''. Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1977 * [[Eduardus Hetzel Schafer|Edward H. Schafer]], "T'ang" in Kwang-chi Chang, ed., ''Food in Chinese Culture'' (Novo Portu: Yale University Press, 1977) pp. 122-124 * Claire Clifton, Colin Spencer, edd., ''The Faber Book of Food''. Londinii: Faber, 1993 * [[Sophia Coe|Sophie D. Coe]], ''America's First Cuisines''. Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 1994 [https://archive.org/details/americasfirstcui00coes Exemplar mutuabile] * J. Michelle Coghlan, ed., ''The Cambridge Companion to Literature and Food''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2020 {{Google Books|acfVDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Dalby (2000)|c= [[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], ''Empire of Pleasures: luxury and indulgence in the Roman world''. Londinii: Routledge, 2000. ISBN 0415186242 }} * [[Andreas Dalby|Andrew Dalby]], ''Flavours of Byzantium''. Totenais: Prospect Books, 2003 * William J. Darby, Paul Ghalioungui, Louis Grivetti, ''Food: gift of Osiris'' (Londinii: Academic Press, 1977) pp. 656-660 * "The True Emulsion" in [[Elizabeth David]], ''An Omelette and a Glass of Wine'' (Londinii, 1984) {{Google Books|2aBCBAAAQBAJ|Fragmenta editionis recentioris}} * [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ''Mediterranean Seafood'' (2a ed. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1981) pp. 50-54 * [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], ed., ''National and Regional Styles of Cookery: Proceedings: Oxford Symposium 1981'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1981) {{Google Books|zcNdB_sl2JkC|textus}} * Keiko Ohnuma, "Curry Rice: Gaijin Gold: how the British version of an Indian dish turned Japanese" in ''Petits propos culinaires'' no. 52; reimpressum in [[Alanus Davidson|Alan Davidson]], Helen Saberi, edd., ''The Wilder Shores of Gastronomy'' (Berkeleiae: Ten Speed Press, 2002) pp. 160-167 * Antoine De Baecque, ''La France Gastronome: comment le restaurant est entré dans notre histoire''. Lutetiae: Payot, 2019. ISBN 978-2228922647 * Jan de Koning et al., ''Drawn After Nature: The Complete Botanical Watercolours of the 16th-Century Libri Picturati''. Lugduni Batavorum: KNIV Publishing, 2008 {{Google Books|3_Q4DwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * "Interior Regulations": A chapter in the ''Classic of Rites'' instructs us how to prepare food" in Daniel Ding, ''The Historical Roots of Technical Communication in the Chinese Tradition''. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2020 {{Google Books|kSn_DwAAQBAJ|pp. 131-146}} * Lou DiPalo, Rachel Wharton, "Mozzarella (Burrata)" in ''DiPalo's Guide to the Essential Foods of Italy'' (Novi Eboraci: Ballantine, 2014) * {{ec|id=Dott (2020)|c=Brian R. Dott, ''The Chile Pepper in China: a cultural biography''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 2020}} * {{ec|id=Downie (2017)|c=David Downie, ''A Taste of Paris'' (Novi Eboraci: St Martin's Press, 2017) pp. 184-201 {{Google Books|aX1EDgAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} }} * R. L. Dressler, "The pre-Columbian cultivated plants of Mexico" in ''Botanical Museum Leaflets, Harvard University'' vol. 16 (1953) pp. 115–172 * {{ec|id=Egmond (2010)|c=Florike Egmond, ''The World of Carolus Clusius: natural history in the making, 1550-1610'' (Londinii: Pickering and Chatto, 2010)}} * "Soy Sauce" in Edward R. Farnworth, ed., ''Handbook of Fermented Functional Foods'' (2a ed. CRC Press, 2008) pp. 17-18, 442-448 {{Google Books|gpcXqE-j6gEC|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|Ferguson (1998)|Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, "A Cultural Field in the Making: Gastronomy in 19th‐Century France" in ''American Journal of Sociology'' vol. 104 (1998) pp. 597-641 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/210082 JSTOR], praecipue pp. 616-619}} * {{ec|Ferguson (2004)|Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson, ''Accounting for Taste: The Triumph of French Cuisine'' (Chicagi: University of Chicago Press, 2004) pp. 30-33, 97-100 et alibi}} * Joan Fitzpatrick, ''Food in Shakespeare''. Londinii: Ashgate, 2007. ISBN 9780754684145 * [[Ioanna Andrews|Jean Andrews]], "The Peripatetic Chilli Pepper: diffusion of the domesticated capsicums since Columbus" in Nelson Foster, Linda S. Cordell, edd., ''Chilies to Chocolate: Food the Americas Gave the World'' (Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1992) pp. 81-94 {{Google Books|VsQevENGMr0C|Paginae selectae}} [https://archive.org/details/chiliestochocola00fost Exemplar mutuabile] * Jill Francis, "John Parkinson: Gardener and Apothecary of London" in S. Francia, A. Stobart, edd., ''Critical Approaches to the History of Western Herbal Medicine'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2014) pp. 229–246 {{Google Books|875nAwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * David Gentilcore, ''Food and Health in Early Modern Europe: diet, medicine and society, 1450–1800'' (Londinii: Bloomsbury, 2016) pp. 139-144 * {{ec|Geraci et Demers (2011)|Victor W. Geraci, Elizabeth S. Demers, edd., ''Icons of American cooking''. Santa Barbara: Greenwood, 2011. [https://archive.org/details/iconsofamericanc0000unse/ Exemplar mutuabile]}} * Louis Girault, ''Kallawaya: guérisseurs itinérants des Andes'' (Lutetiae: ORSTOM, 1984) pp. 399-400 {{Google Books|Dj6LLC8Wj9YC|Paginae selectae}} * Eric Glatré, ''Histoire(s) de vin: 33 dates qui façonnèrent les vignobles français''. Paris: Le Félin, 2020 {{Google Books|Vg0HEAAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * Carrington Goodrich, "Chinese Food over the Millennia" in ''Journal of the American Oriental Society'' vol. 99 (1979) * Emily Gowers, ''The Loaded Table'' (Oxonii: Oxford University Press, 1993) pp. 180-210 * Peter Heine, ''Kulinarische Studien: Untersuchungen zur Kochkunst im arabisch-islamischen Mittelalter'' (1988) pp. 101-102 * Karen Hess, ed., ''The Virginia House-wife, by Mary Randolph'' (University of South Carolina Press, 1984) pp. 263-264 {{Google Books|oszKiYe2RyAC|Paginae selectae}} * Thomas O. Höllmann, ''Schlafender Lotus, trunkenes Huhn. Kulturgeschichte der chinesischen Küche''. Monaci: C. H. Beck, 2010. ISBN 978-3-406-60539-0 * Lipke B. Holthuis, ''[http://www.fao.org/3/t0411e/t0411e00.htm Marine Lobsters of the World]'' ([[Institutum alimoniae et agriculturae provehendae|FAO]], 1991) [http://www.fao.org/3/t0411e/t0411e24.pdff pp. 151-152] * T. C. Huang, D. F. Teng, "29: Soy Sauce" in ''Handbook of Food and Beverage Fermentation Technology'' (2004. ISBN 978-0-8247-4780-0) * Pierre Hurtubise, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_2_1695 «De Honesta Voluptate» ou l'art de bien manger à Rome pendant la Renaissance]" in ''Annales: Histoire, économie & société'' vol. 13 no. 2 (1994) pp. 235-247 * Pierre Hurtubise, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5110_1980_num_92_1_2546 La "Table" d'un cardinal de la Renaissance]" in ''Mélanges de l'Ecole fraiçaise de Rome: Moyen-Age'' vol. 92 (1980) pp. 249-282 * Pierre Hurtubise, "Une vie de palais: la cour du cardinal Alexandre Farnèse vers 1563" in ''Renaissance and Reformation'' vol. 16 (1992) pp. 37-54 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/43445591 JSTOR] * "Fermented Foods of the Far East" in Robert W. Hutkins, ''Microbiology and Technology of Fermented Foods'' (2a ed. Wiley, 2018) pp. 513-554 {{Google Books|61xqDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * {{ec|id=Hyman et Hyman (2001)|c=Philip Hyman, Mary Hyman, "Les Livres de cuisine imprimés en France: du règne de Charles VIII à la fin de l'Ancien régime" in ''Livres en bouche: cinq siècles d'art culinaire français'' (Lutetiae: Bibliothèque nationale de France, 2001) pp. 55-75 }} * "Sake Brewing" in Naomichi Ishige, ''The History and Culture of Japanese Food'' (Londinii: Kegan Paul, 2001) pp. 32-35 * Alexandra Hicks, "The Mystique of Garlic: history, uses, superstitions, and scientific revelations" in Tom Jaine, ed., ''Oxford Symposium on Food & Cookery 1984 & 1985: Cookery: Science, Lore & Books'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 1986) pp. 140-161 * {{ec|id=Johnson (1971)|c=[[Hugo Johnson|Hugh Johnson]], ''The World Atlas of Wine'' (Londinii: Mitchell Beazley, 1971) pp. 128-135. 7a ed., 2013}} * {{ec|id=Johnson (2013)|c=[[Hugo Johnson|Hugh Johnson]], Jancis Robinson, ''The World Atlas of Wine'' (7a ed. Londinii, 2013) pp. 258-259}} * {{ec|id=Jurafsky (2014)|c=Dan Jurafsky, ''The Language of Food''. Novi Eboraci: Norton, 2014 {{Google Books|7BF0AwAAQBAJ|quaere "sik"}} }} * David B. Goldstein, "[https://journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/1702 Failures of Eating in The Merchant of Venice]" in Pierre Kapitaniak, Christophe Hauserman, Dominique Goy-Blanquet, edd., ''Shakespeare et les arts de la table: Actes du congrès organisé par la Société Française Shakespeare les 17, 18 et 19 mars 2011'' (OpenEdition Journals, 2012 [https://journals.openedition.org/shakespeare/1684 ~]) * "The Chiles of Oaxaca" in [[Diana Kennedy]], ''Oaxaca al gusto: an infinite gastronomy'' (Austinopoli: University of Texas Press, 2010) pp. xix-xxii * Kian Lam Kho, "Dragon on a Platter: the art of naming Chinese dishes" in Mark McWilliams, ed., ''Food and Communication: proceedings of the Oxford Symposium on Food and Cookery 2015'' (Londinii: Prospect Books, 2016) * David R. 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Dillii, 1948- [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46097 A-B] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.73201 A-B] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46098 C] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46099 F-G] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.23547 H-K] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46100 L-M] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.46101 N-Pe] [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.39929 Ph-Re]; nova editio [https://archive.org/details/wealthofindiadic0000unse Ca-Ci] [https://kipdf.com/the-wealth-of-india-raw-materials-series_5ac5ff871723dddc5d22ae66.html De serie] * [[D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson]], ''Glossary of Greek Fishes'' (Londinii: Oxford University Press, 1947) p. 132 s.v. "κραγγών" == Mote == * p. 216 ''[[大明會典|Da-Ming huidian]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Historiography/minghuidian.html CK] ''[[:en:Collected Statutes of the Ming Dynasty]] * p. 216, 219 ''[[明實錄|Ming shilu]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Historiography/mingshilu.html CK] ''[[:en:Ming Shilu]]'' ** ''Ming Taizu shilu'' * p. 221, 248 ''[[金瓶梅|Jin ping mei]]'' [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Novels/jinpingmei.html CK] ''[[:en:Jin Ping Mei]]'' David Tod Roy translation at LL * p. 227 [[Jia Ming]], ''[[饮食须知|Yinshi xuzhi]]'' ''[[:de:Yinshi xuzhi (Jia Ming)]]'' * p. 236, 245 [[Gu Qiyuan]] (Ku ch'i-yuan) 1565-1628, ''[[客座赘语|Kezuo zhuiyu]]'' ''K'e-tso chui-yü'' 1618. [[:zh:顾起元]], ''[[:zh:客座赘语]]'' (cf. [http://www.chinaknowledge.de/Literature/Science/shuolve.html CK]) == Bibliographiae == * Georges Vicaire, ''Bibliographie gastronomique''. Lutetiae: Rouquette, 1890 {{Google Books|FZY9AAAAYAAJ}} [https://archive.org/details/b21779442 apud ''Internet Archive''] * [http://terroirs.denfrance.free.fr/p/frameset/07.html Bibliographia Francogallica] == Achaya == * [[Ludovicus Vartomannus]] 1510 ([https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_vwzaAGAfAKMC Italiane] [https://archive.org/details/itinerario00vartuoft reimpressum] [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11196587_00001.html versio Latina] [https://archive.org/details/travelsofludovic00vartrich versio Jones & Badger pp. 15, ]) [[:en:Ludovico di Varthema]] * [[Dominicus Paes]] c. 1522 ([https://archive.org/stream/chronicadosreisd00nune#page/80/mode/2up Lusitane] [https://archive.org/details/aforgottenempir00paesgoog Sewell pp. 237, 249, 255-6, 258-9]). [[:en:Domingo Paes]]. See [https://www.academia.edu/838106/Travel_and_ethnology_in_the_Renaissance_South_India_through_European_eyes_1250-1625 Rubiés] p. 20 and passim * [[Ferdinandus Nuniz]] c. 1537 ([https://archive.org/details/itinerario00vartuoft Lusitane] [https://archive.org/details/aforgottenempir00paesgoog Sewell] p. 375). [[:en:Fernão Nunes]]. See [https://www.academia.edu/838106/Travel_and_ethnology_in_the_Renaissance_South_India_through_European_eyes_1250-1625 Rubiés] p. 20 and passim * [[Antonio Monserrate]] c. 1580 ([https://archive.org/stream/memoirsofasiatic03asia#page/n597/mode/2up text] [https://archive.org/details/commentaryoffath00monsuoft transl. pp. 25, 149, 199, 214] [[:fr:Antonio Monserrate]] * [[Radulphus Fitch]] c. 1591 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] pp. 38 [Chiangmai], 45-47) [[:en:Ralph Fitch]] * [[Gulielmus Finch]] c. 1611 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] pp. 150-151, 166) [[:en:William Finch (merchant)]] * [[Eduardus Terry]] c. 1619 ([https://archive.org/details/earlytravelsinin00fostuoft Foster] p. 297) and in ''Purchas his Pilgrimes'' [[:en:Edward Terry (author)]] == Vide == * Rubiés 2000 (downloaded) pco1bunm1fdn7wmgi966xt4rteetffy 0 272942 3960321 3676317 2026-05-18T02:11:17Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:FA-18 Hornet breaking sound barrier (7 July 1999).jpg|thumb|[[McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet|F/A-18 Hornet]] [[Vapor conus|vaporem conum]] creans ([[Expansio Prandtl–Meyer|flabellum expansionis Prandtl–Meyer]]).]] '''Numerus Machianus''' (abbreviatura '''M''' vel '''Ma''') est [[quantitas sine dimensione]] in [[mechanica fluidorum]] ratio enim inter [[velocitas|velocitatem]] <math>v</math> [[corpus physicum|corporis]] vel [[fluidum|fluidi]] et [[Celeritas soni|celeritatem soni]] <math>c</math> eius cingenti. :<math>\mathrm{M} = \frac {u}{c},</math> quo * M < 0.7 — [[corpus physicum]] fluens (vel [[fluidum]]) ''tardius'' quam sonum cingentem esse significans fluxus ''subsonicus'', * 0.7 < M < 1.2<ref NAME="ALIA">fons alia: 1.0</ref> — corpus circiter ''aeque'' sono cingenti esse significans fluxus ''transsonicus'', * 1.2<ref name="ALIA" /> < M < 5.0 — corpus ''celerius'' fluxus ''supersonicus'', postremo * M > 5.0 — corpus ''magis celerius'' fluxus ''hypersonicus'' designant. {{NexInt}} * [[Ernestus Mach]] * [[Telum hypersonicum]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [[Administratio nationalis aeronautica et spatialis|NASA]] calculator [https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/mach.html numeri Machiani]. {{Ling|Anglice}} {{physica-stipula}} {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Dynamica]] [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] ekhgl9k6ezdnaanprv0cm983ky63eum 0 273810 3960276 3831126 2026-05-17T20:50:36Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Nexus externi */ 3960276 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi Front cover of vol. 1.jpg|thumb|Volumen primum herbarii [[Ulysses Aldrovandus|Ulyssis Aldrovandi]] ([[Hortus botanicus Bononiensis|Hortus botanicus]] [[Alma Mater Studiorum|universitatis Bononiensis]])]] '''Herbarium''' vel [[herbarium|hortum siccum]] [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]]<ref>Cuius nomen Latinum ita in libris impressis videri solet. In herbarii volumine primo "[V]lyxis Aldrouandi" cas. gen. legitur (vide imaginem nostram)</ref> in voluminibus quattuordecim congessit. Herbarium apud [[hortus botanicus Bononiensis|hortum botanicum Bononiensem]] servatum imaginibus interretialibus perlegi potest. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Bologna, 1974) - BEIC 6348931.jpg|thumb|''[[Myosotis]]'' sp. Pagina herbarii [[Ulysses Aldrovandus|Ulyssis Aldrovandi]] ([[Hortus botanicus Bononiensis|Hortus botanicus]] [[Alma Mater Studiorum|universitatis Bononiensis]])]] * Antonino Biancastella, ''L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Natura, arte e scienza in un tesoro del Rinascimento''. Mediolani: F. Motta, 2003 * Fabrizio Buldrini et al., "[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.230866 Botanical memory: five centuries of floristic changes revealed by a Renaissance herbarium (Ulisse Aldrovandi, 1551–1586)]" in ''Royal Society Open Science'' vol. 10 no. 11 (2023) * A. Maiorino, M. Minelli, A. L. Monti, B. Negroni, ''L'Erbario dipinto di Ulisse Aldrovandi: un capolavoro del Rinascimento'', supplementum ''Flortecnica'' no. 12 anni 1995 * Lia Markey, "Aldrovandi’s New World Natives in Bologna (or how to draw the unseen al vivo)" in Elizabeth Horodowich, Lia Markey, edd., ''The New World in Early Modern Italy, 1492–1750'' (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2017) pp. 225-247 {{Google Books|2-k4DwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * O. Mattirolo, ''Illustrazione del primo volume dell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi'', Genova, Tip. Angelo Ciminago, 1899 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/42391#/summary Textus] apud ''Biodiversity Heritage Library'' * U. Mossetti, "Catalogo dell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi: i campioni ritrovati negli Erbari di Giuseppe Monti e Ferdinando Bassi" in ''Webbia'' vol. 44 (1990) pp.&nbsp;151–164 * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi I-II" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 158 (2000) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi III-IV" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 159 (2001) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi V-VI-VII" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 160 (2002) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi VIII-IX-X-XI" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 161 (2003) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi XII-XIII-XIV" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 162 (2004) * A. Ubrizsy Savoia, "[https://www.academia.edu/12887387/Le_piante_americane_nellErbario_di_Ulisse_Aldrovandi Le piante americane nell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi]" in ''Webbia'' vol. 48 (1993) pp. 579-598 == Nexus externi == * [https://botanica.sma.unibo.it/ Situs Herbarii Aldrovandini] * [https://sma.unibo.it/it/il-sistema-museale/orto-botanico-ed-erbario/collezioni/erbario-lerbario-di-ulisse-aldrovandi De Herbario Aldrovandino] * "[http://www.unina.it/-/1317324-l-erbario-di-aldrovandi-ora-e-digitale L'erbario di Aldrovandi ora e' digitale]" apud ''Italia e mondo'' [[Categoria:Universitas Bononiensis]] [[Categoria:Codices]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 16]] [[Categoria:Herbaria]] [[Categoria:Ulysses Aldrovandus]] cgge9cyhbcnmi58mqcs4enyz326z3e2 3960277 3960276 2026-05-17T20:55:37Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Nexus externi */ 3960277 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi Front cover of vol. 1.jpg|thumb|Volumen primum herbarii [[Ulysses Aldrovandus|Ulyssis Aldrovandi]] ([[Hortus botanicus Bononiensis|Hortus botanicus]] [[Alma Mater Studiorum|universitatis Bononiensis]])]] '''Herbarium''' vel [[herbarium|hortum siccum]] [[Ulysses Aldrovandus]]<ref>Cuius nomen Latinum ita in libris impressis videri solet. In herbarii volumine primo "[V]lyxis Aldrouandi" cas. gen. legitur (vide imaginem nostram)</ref> in voluminibus quattuordecim congessit. Herbarium apud [[hortus botanicus Bononiensis|hortum botanicum Bononiensem]] servatum imaginibus interretialibus perlegi potest. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Paolo Monti - Servizio fotografico (Bologna, 1974) - BEIC 6348931.jpg|thumb|''[[Myosotis]]'' sp. Pagina herbarii [[Ulysses Aldrovandus|Ulyssis Aldrovandi]] ([[Hortus botanicus Bononiensis|Hortus botanicus]] [[Alma Mater Studiorum|universitatis Bononiensis]])]] * Antonino Biancastella, ''L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Natura, arte e scienza in un tesoro del Rinascimento''. Mediolani: F. Motta, 2003 * Fabrizio Buldrini et al., "[https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.230866 Botanical memory: five centuries of floristic changes revealed by a Renaissance herbarium (Ulisse Aldrovandi, 1551–1586)]" in ''Royal Society Open Science'' vol. 10 no. 11 (2023) * A. Maiorino, M. Minelli, A. L. Monti, B. Negroni, ''L'Erbario dipinto di Ulisse Aldrovandi: un capolavoro del Rinascimento'', supplementum ''Flortecnica'' no. 12 anni 1995 * Lia Markey, "Aldrovandi’s New World Natives in Bologna (or how to draw the unseen al vivo)" in Elizabeth Horodowich, Lia Markey, edd., ''The New World in Early Modern Italy, 1492–1750'' (Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 2017) pp. 225-247 {{Google Books|2-k4DwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * O. Mattirolo, ''Illustrazione del primo volume dell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi'', Genova, Tip. Angelo Ciminago, 1899 [https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/42391#/summary Textus] apud ''Biodiversity Heritage Library'' * U. Mossetti, "Catalogo dell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi: i campioni ritrovati negli Erbari di Giuseppe Monti e Ferdinando Bassi" in ''Webbia'' vol. 44 (1990) pp.&nbsp;151–164 * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi I-II" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 158 (2000) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi III-IV" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 159 (2001) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi V-VI-VII" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 160 (2002) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi VIII-IX-X-XI" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 161 (2003) * A. Soldano, "L'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi. Volumi XII-XIII-XIV" in ''Atti dell'Istituto Veneto di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti'' vol. 162 (2004) * A. Ubrizsy Savoia, "[https://www.academia.edu/12887387/Le_piante_americane_nellErbario_di_Ulisse_Aldrovandi Le piante americane nell'Erbario di Ulisse Aldrovandi]" in ''Webbia'' vol. 48 (1993) pp. 579-598 == Nexus externi == * [https://botanica.sma.unibo.it/ Situs Herbarii Aldrovandini] ** [https://botanica.sma.unibo.it/aldrovandi/explore Index herbarii] * [https://sma.unibo.it/it/il-sistema-museale/orto-botanico-ed-erbario/collezioni/erbario-lerbario-di-ulisse-aldrovandi De Herbario Aldrovandino] * "[http://www.unina.it/-/1317324-l-erbario-di-aldrovandi-ora-e-digitale L'erbario di Aldrovandi ora e' digitale]" apud ''Italia e mondo'' [[Categoria:Universitas Bononiensis]] [[Categoria:Codices]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 16]] [[Categoria:Herbaria]] [[Categoria:Ulysses Aldrovandus]] bf6ishajo1b55heejjn63v6yaoistpq 0 282680 3960285 3958379 2026-05-17T22:14:59Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Ebenbitar, Tractatus de limonibus, 1602 ed, title page.jpg|thumb|''De limonibus tractatus Embitar Arabis'': titulus editionis 1602. Opusculum e magno opere Ebenbitar ''[[De simplicibus medicinis opus magnum (Ebenbitar)|Kitāb al-ǧāmiʿ li-mufradāt al-adwiya wa-'l-aġḏiya]]'' extrahitur]] '''''De simplicibus medicinis''''',<ref>"Abenbitar (vel, ut scribunt alii, Ebenbitar) scripsit de simplicibus medicamentis opus insigne et magnum, ordine alphabetico, citatis authoribus": Paschalis Gallus, ''Bibliotheca medica'' (1590) {{Google Books|WmVWAAAAcAAJ|p. 497}}</ref> titulo Arabico ''Kitāb al-ǧāmiʿ li-mufradāt al-adwiya wa-'l-aġḏiya'' est opus magnum auctoris [[lingua Arabica|Arabici]] [[Hispania|Hispanici]] [[Ebenbitar]], qui anno [[1248]] mortuus est. Libellum ''De limonibus'' separatim Latine versum, anno [[1583]] divulgatum, ex hoc opere extrahitur. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones * 1583 ([[Andreas Alpagus]], interpres) : ''Ebenbitar Arabs De limonibus, iamdiu per Andream Bellunensem in Latinum translatus, nunc primum in lucem editus''. Venetiis: Oratius de Cobbis [http://www.sudoc.fr/143283162 Citatio huius editionis] ** [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11220395-8 Editio Parisiensis 1602] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1340513 aliud exemplar] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10229178-7 Editio Cremonensis 1758 cum commentariis Pauli Valcarenghi] * 1840-1842 (Joseph von Sontheimer, interpres) : ''Große Zusammenstellung über die Kräfte der bekannten einfachen Heil- und Nahrungsmittel von Abu Mohammed Abdallah ben Ahmed aus Malaga, bekannt unter dem Namen Ebn Baitar. Aus dem Arabischen übersetzt von Joseph von Sontheimer.'' Stutgardiae: Hallberger. [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10726707_00007.html Vol. 1] [http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10726708_00009.html vol. 2] * 1877-1883 (Lucien Leclerc, interpres) : ''Traité des simples par Ibn el-Baithar.'' 3 tomi. Lutetiae [https://archive.org/details/NoticesEtExtraitsDesMss23P1/page/n11 Tom. 1] [https://archive.org/details/NoticesEtExtraitsDesMss25P1/page/n13 2] [https://archive.org/details/noticesetextrai03goog/page/n13 3] apud ''Internet Archive'' == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190812140213/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/3950/ Exemplar manu scriptum] ''Kitāb al-ǧāmiʿ mufradāt al-adwiya wa-'l-aġḏiya'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170820034159/https://www.wdl.org/en/item/7466/ Exemplar manu scriptum] ''Kitāb al-ǧāmiʿ mufradāt al-adwiya wa-'l-aġḏiya'' [[Categoria:Litterae Arabicae]] [[Categoria:Libri medici]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] c4k6551l5x0bihxrmty9204434rfi49 0 288391 3960284 3532480 2026-05-17T22:02:49Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960284 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Joachim Gießner.jpg|thumb|Ioachimus Gießner]] '''Ioachimus''' vulgo ''Joachim'' '''Gießner''' (natus die [[23 Decembris]] [[1913]] [[Dresda]]e, mortuus die [[25 Novembris]] [[2003]] [[Trippstadt]] in [[Rhenania-Palatinatus|Rhenania-Palatinatu]]) ferriviarius et [[lingua Esperantica|esperantista]] fanaticus [[germania|Germanicus]] erat. Inter idiomatis [[ludovicus Lazarus Zamenhof|Zamenhofiani]] fautores notus factus est laboribus suis sat fecundis culturam, didacticam, [[via ferrea|viam ferream]] spectantibus. == Munus familiaque == [[File:Esperanto-Platz Herzberg am Harz.jpg|thumb|Lapis memorialis Esperanticus (ad sinistram) et monumentum pro Gießner (ad dexteram) ante stationem ferriviariam principalem Hertzbergensem]] Ioachimus Gießner cursum honorum in servitio administratorio [[Societas Ferriviaria Germanica|Viae ferratae regiae]] (Deutsche Reichsbahn / DR) exorsus mense Maio 1933 candidatus inspectorius erat in territorio Dresdensi. Munus primum verum annis inter 1936 et 1938 ad limitem inter Germaniam et [[Bohemoslovacia]]m apud Aquas Francisci ([[Františkovy Lázně]]) implevit. Postea velut magister in rebus ferriviariis disponendis Dresdae eiusque circumiectis operam dabat. [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Bello saeviente]] in [[Francia]] et [[Polonia]] res administratorias ad viam ferream pertinentes disponebat. Bello finito [[Bilivelda]] systema orbitale ferratum Germaniae occidentalis observabat et emendabat. Ex anno 1954 [[brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] et [[Elze]] stationum ferriviariarum praepositus fuit, antequam anno 1966 eodem officio functurus [[hertzberga ad Harthicos montes|Hertzbergam ad Harthicos montes]] veniret. Ibi anno 1978 rude donatus est. Ceterum [[bellum frigidum|Bello frigido]] ista statio ferriviaria ad limites [[Res publica foederata Germaniae (1949-1990)|Germaniae liberae]] sita maximi momenti erat in mercibus cum zona [[unio Sovietica|Sovietica]] commutandis. In matrimonium duxit Dresdae die 11 Iunii 1938 Irenam Löser, quacum duos filios et unam filiam habuit. Anno 2003 nuptiarum anniversarium LXV celebrare iuvabat. Uxor autem usque annum 2001 homines in [[ioga]] et horticultura alternativa salubri erudire solita est. Anno 2002 denique commigratum est in gerontocomium in Palatinatu situm; sepultus est in sepulcreto [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbaci]] haud procul a [[Caesarea Lutra]]. == Actiones in Esperanticis laudabiles== Gießner sermonem Esperanticum anno 1950 edidicit in grege docili quodam Organizationis socialis ferriviariae (Bahn-Sozialwerk). Mox ipse factus est notionum Zamenhofianarum pacificarum propugnator atque irrisorum insciorum propulsator entheus. Biliveldae, Brunsvici, Elze et Hertzbergae ipse linguam docebat; eo instigante Hertzbergenses sibi anno 2006 sollemniter epithethon ornans ''oppidi Esperantici'' (Herzberg, la Esperanto-urbo) dederunt. Gießner annis inter 1953 et 2000 in citata Organisatione sociali ferriviaria rerum Esperanticarum responsalis erat; annis inter 1956 et 2002 ferriviariis esperantistis Germanicis (Germana Fervojista Esperanto-Asocio/GEFA) praefuit et annis inter 1968 et 1990 vel praeses fuit [[IFEF|Internationalis Foederationis Esperantistarum Ferriviariorum (IFEF)]]. Statim intellexit Esperanticum non solum ad communicationem utile esse sed etiam cultum atque humanitatem optime tradere posse. Itaque active mundo Esperantico serviebat in pontibus inter populos faciendis et impedimentis vetustis rescindendis. Multis congressibus ferriviariis tam in Germania quam in terris externis particeps orationes habuit et textus speciales multos, ubi et de nomenclatura Esperantica bona adhibenda agebatur, pepigit convertitque. Super omnia autem interpretationem cantilenarum vernacularum in Esperanticum dilexisse videtur, uti plus quam quadringenti cantus refecti demonstrant. Structura logica [[lingua Turcica|linguae Turcicae]] allectus [[liber definitivus|librum definitivum]] Esperanticum pro [[turcae|Turcis]] exaravit. Insuper programma interpretatorium astutum generale pro conversionibus ex omnibus sermonibus in linguam Esperanticam aptum excogitavit. Librum praetitulatum ''Die letzten Kinder von Schewenborn'', quem auctrix [[Gudrun Pausewang]] anno 1983 de inimicitiis politicis internationalibus et belli atomici imminentia narrans scripserat, feliciter Esperantice interpretatus est. Inde versio in [[lingua Sinica|Sinicum]] fabricata est. Iam ante annum 1989 contactus multos cum hominibus in communisticis terris degentibus habuerat, ut regiminibus socialisticis dirutis velociter novas vias in Esperanticis parare potuit. Itaque Ioachimus noster fecit, ut quam primum organisationes ferriviariae Esperanticae [[Romania]]e, [[Bulgaria]]e, [[Bohemia]]e et [[Slovacia]]e sub tutela Foederationis internationalis intellectualis ferriviariae (FISAIC) approbationem dignam attingerent. ==Honores atque praemia == * 1970: ordo aureus FISAIC * 1984: crux pro meritis Germanicae reipublicae * 1985: ordo pro meritis [[associatio Esperantica Germanica|Associationis Esperanticae Germanicae (GEA)]] * 1990: Praesidentia honoraria IFEF * 1995: Membrum honoris causa apud [[Universalis Societas Esperantica|Universalem Societatem Esperanticam (UEA)]] * 2008: Erectio monumenti ante stationem ferriviariam Hertzbergensem * 2013: Angiportus quidam Hertzbergensis nomen Ioachimi Gießner portat * [[Interculturale Centrum ICH]] expositionem continuatam in eius honorem habet. == Opera selecta == * ''Biz Esperanto öğreniyoruz'', abecedarium Esperanticum pro Turcis, [http://katalogo.uea.org/index.php?inf=1366 in catalogo UEA] * ''Internacia Fervojista Esperanto Federacio: historio. 1909-1984'', historia esperantistarum ferriviariorum * ''Internacia Fervojista Esperanto Federacio: historio. Kompletiga suplemento pri la jaroj 1984 - 1999'', historiae pas altera, [http://katalogo.uea.org/katalogo.php?inf=6235 in catalogo UEA] * ''La lastaj infanoj de oldrovalo'', conversio libri infantilis ''Die letzten Kinder von Schewenborn'' (quem Gudrum Pausewang confecerat) * ''Herzberg - La Esperanto-urbo kantas'', discus compacti duo cum cantibus ab Ioachimo Gießner eleganter conversis {{Lifetime|1913|2003|Giessner, Ioachimus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Esperantici]] [[Categoria:Interpretes textuum Esperanticorum]] [[Categoria:Paedagogi Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Ferrivia]] bxsrx9aph3okhms2uhrw9m8ku9q8efu 0 295491 3960195 3740056 2026-05-17T14:59:58Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960195 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Acidum malicum'''<br />'''Cortisolum''' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.5551.html 5551] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5754 5754] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Cortisol3.svg|215px|Cortisolum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Cortisol-3D-balls.png|215px|Cortisolum]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica|Formula summarum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{chem|C|21|H|30|O|5}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 362.460 g/mol |} '''Cortisolum''' est [[hormon steroidum]] et [[glucocorticoidum]]. [[Medicamentum]] vocatur '''hydroxycortisonum'''. In pluribus animalibus cortisolum in zona fasciculata [[glandula suprarenalis|glandulae suprarenalis]] formatur. Coniunctum est cortisolum cum: * gubernatione [[pressio sanguinis|pressionis sanguinis]], * metabolismi [[glucosum|glucosi]], * functionum [[systema immunitatis|systematis immunitatis]], * [[inflammatio|responsi inflammatorii]], * [[insulinum|insulini]] liberatione. Videtur ut cortisolum etiam memoriam, dysfunctione [[hippocampus (cerebrum)|hippocampi]] causa, perficere potest<ref>{{cite journal |authors=McAuley M. T., Kenny R. A., et al. |title=A mathematical model of aging-related and cortisol induced hippocampal dysfunction |journal=British medical journal Neuroscience |year=2009 |month=Mar |volume=10:26 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19320982/}}</ref>. Cortisoli effectus per [[receptorium glucocorticoidorum|receptoria glucocorticoidorum]] transmittuntur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Heitzer M. D., Wolf I. M., Sanchez E. R., Witchel S. F., DeFranco D. B. |title=Glucocorticoid receptor physiology |journal=Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders |year=2007 |month=Dec |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=321-30 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18049904/}}</ref>. == Natura chemica == Substantia solida apparet alba. Substantia aestimatur stabilis, quamquam putatur, ut sub lucem prolongatam aliquid instabiliter agere possit. Una cum substantiis fortius oxidantibus agentibus molecula cortisoli detrimentum ferat. [[Dosis letalis]] 150 mg/kg aestimatur. Nomen [[IUPAC]] est '''11β,17α,21-trihydroxypregn-4-eno-3,20-dionum'''. Formula summarum eius est {{chem|C|21|H|30|O|5}}, [[massa molaris]] 362.460 g/mol. Moleculae sunt [[centrum stereogenicum|centrum stereogenica]] septem. [[Punctum liquefactionis]] inter 211°C et 220°C statutum est, [[punctum fervoris]] 566.4°C. [[Solubilitas]] in aqua <1 mg/mL (i. e. cortisolum solubile in aqua facillime) est. == Biochemia == === Synthesis cortisoli === [[Fasciculus:Von Pregnenolon zu Cortisol.svg|thumb|Cortisoli synthesis]] Synthesis biochemica gradatim ab [[cholesterolum|cholesterolo]] oritur. Gradus terminalis mutatio ab [[11-desoxycortisolum]] per enzymum [[11β-hydroxylasis|11β-hydroxylasem]] in cortisolum est, quo gregi hydroxyli -OH positione 11 additur. === Metabolismus glucosi === Ope cortisoli [[proteinum|proteina]] in [[glucosum]], convertuntur. Si adsit cortisolum perdiu multitudo glucosi sanguinei constanter aucta est, denique augescens valor [[insulinum|insulini]] in sanguine ([[hyperinsulinaemia]]) observari potest, una cum periculo [[diabetes mellitus|diabetis melliti]] vel resistentiae contra insulinum et [[obesitas|obesitatis]]. == Physiologia == Cortisol est in [[homo|homine]] [[glucocorticoidum]] physiologicum maximi momenti. Solum [[corticosteronum]] quoque, tamen momento minore, effectus glucocorticoidorum exercet. Hac in re cortisolum magnitudinem [[glucosum sanguineum|glucosi sanguinei]] augere solet, ita corpus contra [[hypoglycaemia]]m (valorem parum magnam glucosi sanguinei) protegit. [[Fasciculus:Cortisol24h La.svg|thumb|Physiologicus cursus valorum cortisoli horbis 24 ineunte. Valores maximum inter horas 02:00 et 08:00 ante meridiam invenitur.]] Cortisoli et synthesis et liberatio ex ''zona fasciculuata'' [[glandula suprarenalis|glandulae suprarenalis]] in sanuinem secundum stimulationem glandulae [[hormon]]te [[Hormon adrenocorticotropinum|adrenocorticotropino]] (''ACTH'') fit. Curva valorum cortisoli in sanguine [[numerus circadianus|numerum circadianum]] ostendit, puncto minimo horis duabus post mediam noctem, deinde versum primam lucem cursu augescente cum maximo ad horam octavam - postea declivo succedente tenui. In senectute valores cortisoli aliquid altiores apparent. == Pathophysiologia == Functiones cortisoli in morbis diversis considerantur, ut in [[diabetes mellitus|diabete mellito]] et genera [[inflammatio]]num, at minus in generibus multis [[cancer (morbus)|cancri]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Larsson S. C., Lee W.-H., Kar S., Burgess S., Allara E. |title=Assessing the role of cortisol in cancer: a wide-ranged Mendelian randomisation study |journal=British journal of cancer |year=2021 |month=Sep |volume=125 |issue=7 |pages=1025-9 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34316022/}} {{doi|10.1038/s41416-021-01505-8}}</ref>. Etiam nexus inter variis morbis, ut inter [[morbus Alzheimer|morbum Alzheimerianum]] et diabetem ope cortisoli suspicatus est<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Notarianni E. |title=Cortisol: Mediator of association between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus? |journal=Psychoneuroendocrinology |year=2017 |month=Iul |volume=81 |pages=129-37 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28458232/}} {{doi|10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.008}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Hormon]] * [[Morbus Addisonianus]] * [[Obesitas]] == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210227073240/https://www.verywellmind.com/cortisol-and-stress-how-to-stay-healthy-3145080 Quid est cortisolum?] {{Ling|Anglice}} {{biologia-stipula}} [[categoria:Glucocorticoida]] [[Categoria:Endocrinologia]] l2wc97u1elr3mc2jtpdiipyyfmtb7q0 0 297271 3960443 3740691 2026-05-18T11:35:22Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | image = Eresia clio clio (9370804643).jpg | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Arthropoda]] | classis = [[Insecta]] | ordo = [[Lepidoptera]] | familia = [[Nymphalidae]] | genus = ''[[Eresia]]'' | species = '''''Eresia clio''''' | binomial = ''Eresia clio'' | binomial_authority = ([[Carolus Linnaeus|Linnaeus]], [[1758]])<ref>[http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/nymphalinae/eresia/ "''Eresia'' Boisduval, [1836&#93;"] at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''</ref> | synonyms = *''Papilio clio'' <small>Linnaeus, 1758</small> *''Eresia clara'' <small>Bates, 1864</small> *''Phyciodes clio reducta'' <small>Hall, 1929</small> }} '''''Eresia clio''''' est [[species]] [[lepidoptera|papilionum]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Nymphalidae|Nymphalidarum]]. [[Binomen]] a [[Carolus Linnaeus|Carolo Linnaeo]] anno [[1758]] statutum est. Invenitur a [[Mexicum|Mexico]] meridiano ad [[Peruvia]]m, [[Bolivia]]m, [[Guianae|Guianas]], et [[Brasilia]]m (ab [[Amazonensis (civitas Brasiliensis)|Amazonensi]] ad [[Matogrossensis|Matogrossensem]]). [[Habitatio]] in [[vegetatio]]ne humili ad margines [[silva]]rum consistit. [[Latitudo alarum]] est circiter 36 [[millimetrum|millimetra]].<ref>[http://www.sangay.eu/ficha-principale.php?lang=en&ref=1146 Parque Nacional Sangay (Aquatoria).]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Adulti [[nectar]]e [[flos|florum]] [[victus|vescuntur]], et [[mas|mares]] humorem in locis humidis sorbillare videntur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20181112030224/http://www.learnaboutbutterflies.com/North%20America%20-%20Eresia%20clio.htm learnaboutbutterflies "Learn about butterflies."]</ref> ==Subspecies== *''Eresia clio clio'' (Media America ad Brasiliam) *''Eresia clio reducta'' <small>(Hall, 1929)</small> (Aequatoria) ==Notae== <references/> ==Nexus externi== {{Taxonbar|from=Q3056137}} [[Categoria:Melitaeini]] [[Categoria:Fauna Brasiliae]] [[Categoria:Species animalium]] [[Categoria:Species insectorum ex hominibus mythologicis appellatae|Clio]] [[Categoria:Taxa Linnaei]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1758]] 6my470iuuszixkbldfm2gwwo6d7td88 0 297716 3960430 3634180 2026-05-18T08:32:13Z JimKillock 109532 plurima e Manu AI 3960430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Heribertus Chester Nutting''' ([[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]] die [[14 Ianuarii]] [[1872]] natus; [[Berkeleia (California)|Berceleiae]] die [[23 Septembris]] [[1934]] mortuus) fuit [[grammaticus]], [[philologus]], et [[paedagogus]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]], qui in [[Universitas Californiensis Berkeleiensis|Universitate Californiensi Berkeleiensi]] per triginta septem annos litteras Latinas docebat.<ref name="InMemoriam">{{cite web |url=https://digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu/record/81466/files/inmemoriam1935.pdf |title=University of California: In Memoriam 1935 |publisher=University of California |year=1935 |page=19 |access-date=18 Maii 2026}}</ref><ref name="CJ">{{cite journal |last=Dean |first=Mildred |title=Current Events |journal=The Classical Journal |volume=30 |issue=3 |date=December 1934 |pages=185–190, at 189 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3289899}}</ref> Praecipue ob studia de syntaxi Latina, ob libros scholasticos, et ob mythistoriam Latinam ''Ad Alpes'' innotuit.<ref name="Fontenrose">{{cite book |last=Fontenrose |first=Joseph E. |title=Classics at Berkeley: The First Century 1869–1970 |publisher=Department of Classics History Fund, University of California |location=Berkeleia |year=1982 |pages=24–26 |url=https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5066c75h}}</ref> Unus ex conditoribus seriei ''University of California Publications in Classical Philology'' fuit et editor pro civitatibus pacificis ephemeridis ''The Classical Journal'' per quattuordecim annos.<ref name="CJ"/> == Vita et educatio == Nutting Novi Eboraci natus est, filius Nathan et Carolinae Augustae (Jelliff) Nutting.<ref name="Rutgers">{{cite web |url=https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8976-nutting-herbert-chester |title=NUTTING, Herbert Chester |work=Database of Classical Scholars |publisher=Rutgers University |author=Gordon, Arthur E. |access-date=18 Maii 2026}}</ref> Gradum baccalaurei (A.B.) in [[Universitas Yalensis|Universitate Yalensi]] anno [[1895]] accepit, et ibidem dissertationem de [[coniunctivus|coniunctivi]] usu [[Cicero|Ciceroniano]], cui titulus ''The Uses of the Independent Subjunctive in Cicero's Orations'', anno [[1897]] defendit, gradum doctoris philosophiae (Ph.D.) nactus.<ref name="InMemoriam"/><ref name="Rutgers"/> Eodem anno, die 14 Iulii, in matrimonium duxit Jessie May LeRoy.<ref name="Rutgers"/> == Cursus academicus == Anno [[1897]], Nutting in Universitatem Californiensem Berkeleiensem venit ut linguam Graecam et Sanscriticam doceret; ab anno autem [[1898]] se totum litteris Latinis dedicavit, quamvis cursum Sanscriticum elementarium usque ad annum [[1905]] praebuerit.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Gradatim per omnes dignitates ascendit: fuit instructor (1898–1904), professor adiunctus (1904–1919), professor consociatus (1919–1924), et denique professor ordinarius (1924–1934).<ref name="InMemoriam"/> Anno [[1919]], cum multis aliis in departimentis Graeco et Latino, ad gradum professoris consociati promotus est.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Ab anno [[1922]] vel [[1923]] usque ad mortem suam munere praesidis departimenti Latini functus est.<ref name="InMemoriam"/><ref name="Fontenrose"/> Nutting magnam operam dedit ut lingua Latina in scholis secundariis (''high schools'') Americae servaretur, quae eo tempore a multis educatoribus impugnaretur. Hac de causa, ut Fontenrose refert, censebat omnes conatus in conservatione Latinae linguae ponendos esse, etiam si hoc significaret linguam Graecam in scholis secundariis relinquendam esse.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Fontenrose, qui ipse discipulus Nuttingi fuerat, eum descripsit ut magistrum qui in classibus elementariis saepe eandem rationem translandi sine multa disceptatione litteraria sequebatur, sed in classibus compositionis Latinae, ubi syntaxis tractabatur, multo melius et peritius docebat.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Idem Fontenrose testatur Nuttingum in rebus syntacticis et compositionis Latinae peritissimum fuisse, et se a Nuttingo multa de arte scribendi Latine didicisse.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Praeter munera docendi, Nutting fuit editor pro civitatibus pacificis (''Pacific States'') ephemeridis ''The Classical Journal'' ab anno [[1916]] usque ad [[1930]].<ref name="CJ"/> Etiam praeses Consociationis Philologicae Litoris Pacifici (''Pacific Coast Philological Association'') annis [[1918]]–[[1919]] fuit, ab initio huius consociationis activam partem agens.<ref name="CJ"/> Fuit praeterea unus ex conditoribus et editoribus seriei ''University of California Publications in Classical Philology'' (UCPCP), in qua plura studia syntactica edidit.<ref name="CJ"/><ref name="UCPCP">{{cite book |last=Nutting |first=Herbert C. |title=Studies in Latin Syntax |series=University of California Publications in Classical Philology |volume=8 |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeleia |year=1928 |url=https://hermes.org.mk/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/59.-Nutting-H.-C.-Studies-in-latin-syntax-1928.pdf}}</ref> == Opera == === Studia syntactica === Scripta Nuttingi in duas partes dividi possunt: studia de syntaxi Latina et libri ad usum scholasticum destinati.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> In syntaxi, praecipue de usu casus ablativi (sicut de verbo ''utor'' et similibus), de sententiis condicionalibus, de constructionibus cum ''cum'', et de aliis quaestionibus syntacticis scripsit.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Fontenrose iudicat haec studia syntactica, quamvis diligenter et copiose scripta, nullum opus magni momenti in philologia classica constituere, sed tamen utilia esse propter copiam exemplorum et subtilitatem observationum.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Praecipuum opus syntacticum est tractatus de sententia condicionali Latina (''The Latin Conditional Sentence''), in UCPCP anno [[1925]] editus, in quo Nutting originem et evolutionem sententiarum condicionalium a temporibus paratacticis ad formas hypotacticas plene tractavit, theorias de modis verborum Indo-Europaeis reiciens.<ref name="UCPCP"/> Hoc opus ab Academia philologica receptum est et in bibliographiis de sententiis condicionalibus Latinis saepe citatur.<ref name="Conditionals">{{cite web |last=Rijksbaron |first=Albert |title=Bibliography of Conditionals |work=Academia.edu |url=https://www.academia.edu/93108319/Bibliography_of_Conditionals |access-date=18 Maii 2026}}</ref> === Opera scholastica === Inter libros scholasticos, notissima est mythistoria ''Ad Alpes: A Story of Roman Life'' (1923), in qua iter familiae Romanae anno [[138]] p.C.n. ab [[Ephesus|Epheso]] usque ad Alpes narratur. Hic liber, in usum discipulorum tertii anni scriptus, historias, fabulas, et res gestas Romanas in narrationem intexuit, stilo Latino eleganti et correcto usus. Familia per mare ab Epheso ad Brundisium navigat, deinde per Viam Appiam Romam, inde ad Alpes procedit; per iter, seniores familiae pueris fabulas mythologicas, historicas, et etiam Biblicas narrant.<ref name="White">{{cite journal |last=White |first=Dorrance S. |title=Review: ''Ad Alpes. A Story of Roman Life'' by Herbert C. Nutting |journal=The Classical Journal |volume=21 |issue=3 |date=December 1925 |pages=235–237 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/3288971}}</ref> Recensens Dorrance S. White in ''Classical Journal'' scripsit Nuttingum narrationem Latino stilo composuisse qui "Ciceronis adprobationem mereretur" et idiomata syntaxque diligentissime tractata essent.<ref name="White"/> Ioanna Laeta in ephemeride ''Latinitium'' nuper scripsit Nuttingum "non solum peritissimam cognitionem usus apud scriptores antiquos habuisse, sed etiam sensum certum spiritus linguae, amorem singularis elegantiae Latinae, et aurem delectatam rhythmis et sonis quibus Romani delectabantur."<ref name="Latinitium">{{cite web |last=Laeta |first=Ioanna |title=Review of H.C. Nutting's ''Ad Alpes'' |work=Latinitium |url=https://latinitium.com/review-of-h-c-nuttings-ad-alpes/ |access-date=18 Maii 2026}}</ref> Praeterea Nutting ludos scaenicos Latinos breves ad exemplar [[Plautus|Plauti]] composuit, quos discipulis suis ante lecturam Plauti ipsius praebebat.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Edidit etiam ''[[Trinummus (Plautus)|Trinummum]]'' Plauti et partes ''[[Tusculanae disputationes|Tusculanarum disputationum]]'' [[Cicero|Ciceronis]] in usum scholasticum.<ref name="Rutgers"/> === Translatio Pierini Belli === Ultimo in vita Nutting translationi Anglicae operis Pierini Belli ''De Re Militari et Bello Tractatus'' operam dabat, opus a Fundo Carnegie pro Pace Internationali (''Carnegie Endowment for International Peace'') susceptum. Mortuus est dum probationes (''proofs'') huius translationis corrigebat.<ref name="CJ"/> Translatio postea anno [[1936]] Oxonii et Londini edita est.<ref name="Rutgers"/> == Mors et memoria == Nutting Berceleiae die 23 Septembris 1934 mortuus est, annos duos et sexaginta natus, post triginta septem annos in servitio Universitatis Californiensis.<ref name="CJ"/> Collega quidam eum in ''Classical Journal'' his verbis laudavit: "Nuttingus erat anima mitis, cuius labores sine ulla declinatione campo studiorum suorum et universitati suae dedicati erant."<ref name="CJ"/> Fontenrose, qui eum noverat, scripsit eum fuisse "doctum in eo campo quod maxime ei curae erat" et "optimum fuisse quando de syntaxi Latina et compositione loquebatur."<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Post mortem Nuttingi, departimentum Latinum Berkeleiense uno magistro imminutum est, neque statim alius in locum eius substitutus est.<ref name="Fontenrose"/> Opus eius, praesertim ''Ad Alpes'', in usum scholasticum receptum manet; nova editio ab editoribus ''Latinitii'' anno [[2018]] curata et edita est.<ref name="Latinitium"/> == Bibliographia selecta == === Dissertatio === * ''The Uses of the Independent Subjunctive in Cicero's Orations'' (dissertatio doctoralis, Universitas Yalensis, 1897). === Opera scholastica === * ''A Supplementary Latin Composition'' (Bostoniae: Ginn, 1901; ed. 2a 1908). * ''The Trinummus of Plautus'' (Bostoniae: Ginn, 1903). * ''Advanced Latin Composition'' (Bostoniae: Ginn, 1904). * ''Cicero, Tusculan Disputations I, II, V'' (Bostoniae: Ginn, 1909). * ''A Latin Primer'' (Novi Eboraci: Holt, 1911). * ''A First Latin Reader with Exercises'' (Novi Eboraci: Holt, 1912; ed. 2a 1913). * ''Junior Latin Plays'' (Berkeleiae: University of California Press, 1922). * ''Ad Alpes: A Story of Roman Life'' (Berkeleiae: University of California Press, 1923; ed. 2a 1927). === Studia syntactica (in UCPCP edita) === * "The Modes of Conditional Thought," ''University of California Publications in Classical Philology'' 1,3 (1903) 53–100. * "The Latin Conditional Sentence," UCPCP 8,1 (1925) 1–185. * "The Form ''si sit ... erit''," UCPCP 8,2 (1925) 187–217. * "Contrary to Fact and Vague Future," UCPCP 8,3 (1926) 219–240. * "Some Tendencies in Post-Augustan Latin," UCPCP 8,5 (1927) 251–269. * "Queries as to the ''Cum''-Construction," UCPCP 8,7 (1928) 289–303. * "On the Syntax of ''Fretus''," UCPCP 8,8 (1928) 305–330. * "The ''Utor'', ''Fruor'' Group," UCPCP 10,1–5 (1928–1929). * "Comments on Lucan," UCPCP 11,3–5 (1931–1934). === Translatio === * Pierino Belli, ''A Treatise on Military Matters and Warfare'' (''De Re Militari et Bello Tractatus''), vol. 2 (translatio Anglica) (Oxonii et Londini: Clarendon Press / Humphrey Milford, 1936). == Notae == {{Reflist}} == Nexus externi == * [https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8976-nutting-herbert-chester De H.C. Nutting] in ''Rutgers Database of Classical Scholars'' * [https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5066c75h Fontenrose, ''Classics at Berkeley'' (1982)] apud eScholarship * [https://ia801702.us.archive.org/28/items/nuttingadalpes/Nutting%20Ad%20Alpes.pdf ''Ad Alpes''] apud Archive.org (editio anni 1923) * [https://dbcs.rutgers.edu/all-scholars/8976-nutting-herbert-chester De H.C. Nutting] in ''Rutgers Database of Classical Scholars'' * [[:s:la:Ad_Alpēs|''Ad Alpes'']] in ''Vicifonte'' {{Lifetime|1872|1934|Nutting, Heribertus Chester}} {{nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Philologi Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Yalensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Californiensis Berkeleiensis]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini recentiores]] [[Categoria:Grammatici Latini]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Yalensis]] [[Categoria:Professores Universitatis Californiensis Berkeleiensis]] [[Categoria:Nati 1872]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1934]] 7vyl0u8eqtp485nuq0tk32yg4uj6t6q 0 302314 3960312 3931638 2026-05-18T02:03:40Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Lex universalis gravitationis Newtoniana}} rite statuit, omnes [[particula]]s omnes alios particulas in [[universum|universo]] [[vis|vi]] attrahere, quae directe proportionalis est producto earum [[massa]]rum, inverseque proportionalis quadrato distantiae inter earum [[centrum (geometria)|centra]]. [[Theoria]]e divulgatio percrebruit tamquam "prima magna unificatio", quippe cum [[phaenomenon|phaenomena]] [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]] [[tellus|terrestris]] cum aliis habitibus [[astronomia|astronomicis]] vulgatis unificasset.<ref>{{Opus | auctor = Fritz Rohrlich | titulus = From Paradox to Reality: Our Basic Concepts of the Physical World | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | tempus = 1989-08-25 | paginae = 28– | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=3TqA1394OVcC&pg=PA28 | isbn = 978-0-521-37605-1 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | auctor = Klaus Mainzer | titulus = Symmetries of Nature: A Handbook for Philosophy of Nature and Science | tempus = 2013-12-02 | paginae = 8– | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=QekhAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA8 | isbn = 978-3-11-088693-1 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = Physics: Fundamental Forces and the Synthesis of Theory &#124; Encyclopedia.com | domus editoria = www.encyclopedia.com | url = https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/science-magazines/physics-fundamental-forces-and-synthesis-theory }}.</ref> Haec est [[lex]] [[physica]] universalis, quae ex observationibus empiricis, ratiocinationem inductivam nuncupatis, originem suam ducit. Pars est [[mechanica classica|mechanicae classicae]], et describitur in Newtoni opere ''Philosophiae Naturalis Prinicipia Mathematica'' inscripto, quod die 5 Iulii [[1687]] in lucem prolatum est. Cum Newtonus librum primum textus nondum divulgati mense Aprili [[1686]], [[Societas Regalis|Regali Societati]] praesentasset, [[Robertus Hooke]] Newton statuit Newtonium ab ipso legem quadrati inversi obtinuisse. == De lege == Hodiernis verbis elatis, lex asserit omne punctum attrahere omnia alia puncta massae vi quadam cum linea dua puncto intersecandi. Vis est proportionalis producto duabus massis, et inverse proportionalis quadrato distantiae inter ea. [[Aequatio]] gravitatis universalis sic accipit formam. : <math>F=G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^2},</math> ubi F est vis gravitationalis inter duo obiecta agens, ''m₁'' et ''m₂'' sunt massae obiectorum, ''r'' est distantia inter centra eorum massarum, et ''G'' est [[constans gravitationis]]. === Apud superficiem sphaerae uniformi densitate === Si [[densitas]] cuiusdam [[sphaera]]e ({{mvar|ρ}}) est uniformis, [[acceleratio]] gravitatis apud [[superficies|superficiem]] erit {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|proportionalitas|proportionalis|en|qid=Q402870}} [[radius|radio]] eius: : <math>A=\frac{4}{3}\pi G\rho r</math> Exempli gratia, si sphaera est [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellus]], aequatio efficit {{math|1=9.81 m/s²}} ({{math|1={{mvar|ρ}} = 5510 kg/m³, {{mvar|r}} = 6371000 m}}). Duae aequales sphaerae uniformi densitate in contactu se in vicem sic opprimunt: : <math>F=\frac{4}{9}\pi^{2}G\rho^{2}r^{4}</math> Exempli gratia, duae aequales sphaerae [[iridium|iridii]], quibus sit radius 1.61 [[metrum|m]], [[vis|vi]] 1 [[Newton (unitas)|N]] in vicem se opprimunt. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Relativitas generalis]] {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Isaacus Newtonus]] [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] d34wxvedfc1jpuii9frqhx43llly83n 0 302344 3960384 3915076 2026-05-18T05:05:39Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Victores */ 3960384 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:F1.svg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Logotypus]] ex anno [[2018]] adhibitus.]] '''Formula 1''' ([[Francogallice]] ''Formule 1''; [[Theodisce]] ''Formel 1''), verbis '''Formula Una''', saepe in multis [[lingua|linguis]] '''F1''' tantum appellatum (''efe unum'' enuntiatum), est maxima [[certamen autocinetorum|certaminum]] internationalium [[autocinetum|autocinetorum]] currilium generis "formulati" classis a [[Foederatio Internationale Autocineti|Foederatione Internationali Autocineti]]<!--Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile--> curata. The World Drivers' Championship, quod FIA Formula One World Championship anno [[1981]] iterum nominatum est, unum e maximis certaminum generibus per [[orbis terrarum|orbem terrarum]] ex suo [[1950|primo anno]] factum est. [[Vocabulum]] ''formula'' hic [[significatio (linguistica)|significat]] copiam regularum ad quas omnia autocineta quae participes sunt se accommodare debent.<ref>{{cite web|title=Discovering What Makes Formula One, Formula One&nbsp;– For Dummies|url=https://www.dummies.com/article/home-auto-hobbies/sports-recreation/auto-racing/discovering-what-makes-formula-one-formula-one-200463?keyword=Formula%20one|access-date=14 Septembris [[2009]]|publisher=Dummies.com}}.</ref> Tempus Formula One in aliquot certaminibus ''Grands Prix'' appellatis consistit, quae per orbem terrarum in currlculis privatis et clausis [[via|viis]] publicis habentur. == Victores == {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! Anno ! Conductor ! Constructor |- |1950 |{{Vexillum icon|Italia}} Iosephus Farina |[[Alfa Romeo]] |- |1951 |{{Vexillum icon|Argentina}} [[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] |Alfa Romeo |- |1952 |{{Vexillum icon|Italia}} [[Albertus Ascari]] |[[Ferrari]] |- |1953 |{{Vexillum icon|Italia}} [[Albertus Ascari]] |Ferrari |- |1954 |{{Vexillum icon|Argentina}} [[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] |[[Maserati]]/[[Mercedes-Benz|Mercedes]] |- |1955 |{{Vexillum icon|Argentina}} [[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] |Mercedes |- |1956 |{{Vexillum icon|Argentina}} [[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] |Ferrari |- |1957 |{{Vexillum icon|Argentina}} [[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] |Maserati |- |1958 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Michael Hawthorn |Ferrari |- |1959 |{{Vexillum icon|Australia}} [[Iacobus Brabham]] |Cooper-Climax |- |1960 |{{Vexillum icon|Australia}} Iacobus Brabham |Cooper-Climax |- |1961 |{{Vexillum icon|CFA}} Philippus Hill |Ferrari |- |1962 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} [[Graham Hill]] |BRM |- |1963 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} [[Iacobus Clark]] |Lotus-Climax |- |1964 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ioannes Surtees |Ferrari |- |1965 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} [[Iacobus Clark]] |Lotus-Climax |- |1966 |{{Vexillum icon|Australia}} Iacobus Brabham |Brabham-Repco |- |1967 |{{Vexillum icon|Nova Zelandia}} Dennis Hulme |Brabham-Repco |- |1968 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Graham Hill |Lotus-[[Ford]] |- |1969 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Iacobus Stewart |Matra-Ford |- |1970 |{{Vexillum icon|Austria}} Jochen Rindt |Lotus-Ford |- |1971 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Iacobus Stewart |[[Tyrrell]]-Ford |- |1972 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} [[Emerson Fittipaldi]] |Lotus-Ford |- |1973 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Iacobus Stewart |Tyrrell-Ford |- |1974 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Emerson Fittipaldi |[[McLaren]]-Ford |- |1975 |{{Vexillum icon|Austria}} [[Nicolaus Lauda]] |Ferrari |- |1976 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Iacobus Hunt |[[McLaren]]-Ford |- |1977 |{{Vexillum icon|Austria}} Nicolaus Lauda |Ferrari |- |1978 |{{Vexillum icon|CFA}} Marius Andretti |Lotus-Ford |- |1979 |{{Vexillum icon|Africa Australis}} Jody Scheckter |Ferrari |- |1980 |{{Vexillum icon|Australia}} Alanus Jones |[[Williams]]-Ford |- |1981 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Nelson Piquet |Brabham-Ford |- |1982 |{{Vexillum icon|Finnia}} Keke Rosberg |Williams-Ford |- |1983 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Nelson Piquet |Brabham-[[BMW]] |- |1984 |{{Vexillum icon|Austria}} Nicolaus Lauda |McLaren-TAG |- |1985 |{{Vexillum icon|Francia}} Alanus Prost |McLaren-TAG |- |1986 |{{Vexillum icon|Francia}} Alanus Prost |McLaren-TAG |- |1987 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Nelson Piquet |Williams-[[Honda]] |- |1988 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} [[Ayrton Senna]] |McLaren-Honda |- |1989 |{{Vexillum icon|Francia}} Alanus Prost |McLaren-Honda |- |1990 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Ayrton Senna |McLaren-Honda |- |1991 |{{Vexillum icon|Brasilia}} Ayrton Senna |McLaren-Honda |- |1992 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Nigellus Mansell |Williams-[[Renault]] |- |1993 |{{Vexillum icon|Francia}} Alanus Prost |Williams-Renault |- |1994 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Michael Schumacher]] |[[Benetton]]-Ford |- |1995 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Michael Schumacher]] |Benetton-Renault |- |1996 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Damianus Hill |Williams-Renault |- |1997 |{{Vexillum icon|Canada}} [[Iacobus Villeneuve]] |Williams-Renault |- |1998 |{{Vexillum icon|Finnia}} Michael Häkkinen |McLaren-Mercedes |- |1999 |{{Vexillum icon|Finnia}} Michael Häkkinen |McLaren-Mercedes |- |2000 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Michael Schumacher |Ferrari |- |2001 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Michael Schumacher |Ferrari |- |2002 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Michael Schumacher |Ferrari |- |2003 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Michael Schumacher |Ferrari |- |2004 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Michael Schumacher |Ferrari |- |2005 |{{Vexillum icon|Hispania}} Ferdinandus Alonso |Renault |- |2006 |{{Vexillum icon|Hispania}} Ferdinandus Alonso |Renault |- |2007 |{{Vexillum icon|Finnia}} [[Kimi Räikkönen]] |Ferrari |- |2008 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |McLaren-Mercedes |- |2009 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Jenson Button |Brawn-Mercedes |- |2010 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} [[Sebastianus Vettel]] |[[Red Bull]]-Renault |- |2011 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Sebastianus Vettel |Red Bull-Renault |- |2012 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Sebastianus Vettel |Red Bull-Renault |- |2013 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Sebastianus Vettel |Red Bull-Renault |- |2014 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} [[Ludovicus Hamilton]] |Mercedes |- |2015 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |Mercedes |- |2016 |{{Vexillum icon|Germania}} Nicolaus Rosberg |Mercedes |- |2017 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |Mercedes |- |2018 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |Mercedes |- |2019 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |Mercedes |- |2020 |{{Vexillum icon|Britannia}} Ludovicus Hamilton |Mercedes |- |2021 |{{Vexillum icon|Nederlandia}} [[Maximilianus Verstappen]] |Red Bull-Honda |- |2022 |{{Vexillum icon|Nederlandia}} Maximilianus Verstappen |Red Bull-Honda |- |2023 |{{Vexillum icon|Nederlandia}} Maximilianus Verstappen |Red Bull-Honda |- |2024 |{{Vexillum icon|Nederlandia}} Maximilianus Verstappen |Red Bull-Honda |- |2025 |{{Vexillum icon|Britanniarum Regnum}} [[Lando Norris]] |McLaren-Mercedes |} == Tempus ages == === 2025 === {| class="wikitable" |+ !Constructor !Conductor !Numerus |- |McLaren {{Flagicon|Britannia}} |[[Lando Norris]] {{Flagicon|Britannia}} Oscarus Piastri {{Flagicon|Australia}} |4 81 |- |[[Ferrari]] {{Flagicon|Italia}} |[[Carolus Leclerc]] {{Flagicon|Monoecus}} Ludovicus Hamiltonc {{Flagicon|Britannia}} |16 44 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Constructor !Conductor !Numerus |- |RedBull {{Flagicon|Austria}} |Maximilianus Verstappen {{Flagicon|Nederlandia}} Liamus Lawson {{Flagicon|Nova Zelandia}} |1 30 |- |Mercedes {{Flagicon|Germania}} |Georgius Russell {{Flagicon|Britannia}} Andreas Kimi Antonelli {{Flagicon|Italia}} |63 12 |- |Aston Martin {{Flagicon|Britannia}} |Ferdinandus Alonso {{Flagicon|Hispania}} Lancius Stroll {{Flagicon|Canada}} |14 12 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Constructor !Conductor !Numerus |- |Alpine {{Flagicon|Francia}} |Petrus Gasly {{Flagicon|Francia}} Iacobus Doohan {{Flagicon|Australia}} |10 7 |- |Haas {{Flagicon|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} |Estebanus Ocon {{Flagicon|Francia}} Oliverius Bearman {{Flagicon|Britannia}} |31 87 |- |Visa Cash App Racing Bulls {{Flagicon|Italia}} |Isaacus Hadjar {{Flagicon|Australia}} Iucius Tsunoda {{Flagicon|Iaponia}} |6 22 |} {| class="wikitable" |+ !Constructor !Conductor !Numerus |- |Williams {{Flagicon|Britannia}} |Alexander Albon {{Flagicon|Thailandia}} Carolus Sainz Jr {{Flagicon|Hispania}} |23 55 |- |Sauber {{Flagicon|Helvetia}} |Nicolaus Hülkemberg {{Flagicon|Germania}} Gabriel Bortoleto {{Flagicon|Brasilia}} |27 5 |} == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Alfa-Romeo-159-(1951).jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes Emanuel Fangio]] victoriam anno [[1951]] in hoc [[Alfa Romeo]] reportavit.]] * Arron, Simon, et Mark Hughes. [[2003]]. ''The Complete Book of Formula One.'' Motorbooks International. ISBN 0-7603-1688-0. * Gross, Nigel, et al. [[1999]]. "Grand Prix Motor Racing." In ''100 Years of Change: Speed and Power,'' 55–84. Parragon. * Hayhoe, David, et David Holland. [[2006]]. ''Grand Prix Data Book.'' Ed. quarta.'' Sparkford in Anglia: Haynes. ISBN 1-84425-223-X.'' * Higham, Peter. [[2003]]. ''The international motor racing guide: a complete reference from Formula One to NASCAR.'' Ed. secunda. Phoenix Arizonae: David Bull. ISBN 1-893618-20-X. * Jones, Bruce. [[1997]]. ''The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Formula One.'' Londinii: Hodder & Stoughton. * Jones, Bruce. [[1998]]. ''Formula One: The Complete Stats and Records of Grand Prix Racing.'' Parragon. * Jones, Bruce. [[2003]]. ''The Official ITV Sport Guide: Formula One Grand Prix 2003.'' Carlton. Praefatio Martin Brundle. ISBN 1-84222-813-7. * Jones, Bruce. [[2005]]. ''The Guide to 2005 FIA Formula One World Championship: The World's Bestselling Grand Prix Guide.'' Carlton. ISBN 1-84442-508-8. * Lang, Mike. [[1981]]–[[1992]]. ''Grand Prix! volumes 1–4.'' Sparkford Angliae: Haynes, * Menard, Pierre. [[2006]]. ''The Great Encyclopedia of Formula 1.'' Ed.quinta. Chronosport. ISBN 2-84707-051-6. * Miltner, Harry. [[2007]]. ''Race Travel Guide 2007.'' Vindobonae: Egoth. ISBN 978-3-902480-34-7. * Nye, Doug. [[1973]]. ''International motor racing.'' Novi Eboraci: Crowell. ISBN 0690004281. * Small, Steve. [[2000]]. ''Grand Prix Who's Who.'' Ed. tertia. Travel Publishing. ISBN 1-902007-46-8. * Tremayne, David, et Mark Hughes. [[1999]]. ''The Concise Encyclopedia of Formula One.'' Parragon. * Twite, Mike. [[1978]]. "Formula Regulations: Categories for International Racing." In ''The World Of Automobiles'', ed. Tom Northey, 6: 701–3. Londinii: Phoebus. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Formula One}} * Formula1.com. [[2011]]. "Inside F1." [http://www.formula1.com/inside_f1 Textus interretialis apud Formula1.com.]{{Nexus deficit|date=November 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Autocineta]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1950]] [[Categoria:Exercitatio corporis]] {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} rl4dumm5r2zlcbkybcbg6ygz2lfsqbq 0 302604 3960245 3959201 2026-05-17T17:30:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen|Lutra|[[Fasciculus:Wolfstein_air-2.jpg|thumb|center|Lutra in Wolfstein]]<br />Valles Lutra [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]]）| 39.4 | 249 | | 275.649 | Apud [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]] | [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] in [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanem]] | [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]], [[Germania]] |}} '''Lutra'''<ref>Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597 [https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=2spaaIl-Y0oC].</ref> est [[amnis influens]] a [[orographica dextra et sinistra|dextra]] [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanis]] in [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenania et Palatinatu]], terra [[Germania]]e, 39.4 km longus, qui in Silva Palatinata oritur, [[Valles Lutra|Vallem Lutram]] perfluit, inde ad Glanem per [[Montes Palatinatus Borealis]] tendit. [[Theodisce]] vocatur quoque ''Waldlauter'' ("Lutra Silvestris") ut a [[Murga|Lutra]] altera in Palatinatu meridiano sita (''Wieslauter'') distinguatur. == Geographia == Oritur Lutra fluvius circa 3 km in orientalem et australem partem a [[Caesarea Lutra]], non longe a Via Terrae&nbsp;504, altitudine 249 m super mare, ex ''Lauterspring'' ("Fons Lutrae") in fontibus, quibus nomen est [[Hungerbrunnen (Kaiserslautern)|Hungerbrunnen]]. Inde apud Viam 504 in aquilonem currens in urbem Caesaream Lutram venit, quam fossis cohibita plerumque subterraneis percurrit. In [[Horti Caesareae Lutrae|Hortis Caesareae Lutrae]] est stagnum facticium, quo ex fonte "Lutra Nova" Hortum Pistrini Novi transit. Lutra sub terram ducta cum Lutra Nova confluit ad fines boreales urbis in [[purgatorium aquae|purgatorio aquae]], unde maxime in septentrionem et occidentem tendit per [[Otterbach (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbach]], [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref>, [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> , [[Untersulzbach (Sulzbachtal)|Untersulzbach]], [[Olsbrücken]], [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium|Torrentem Corvinum-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref>, [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petram]], [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref>, [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen''.</ref> et [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Lohnweiler''.</ref>, donec [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] – cui nomen a fluvio ducitur – 159 m super mare miscetur a dextra [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glani]].<ref>Ex Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597, flumen ex confluente Lutrae et Glanis partem Lutrae nec Glanis habitum videtur.</ref> In cursu 39,4&nbsp;km longo Lutra per intervallum 90 m cadit, quo declinatio media 2,3 millesimarum redditur, aquas de [[pelvis hydrographica|pelve hydrographica]] 275,649&nbsp;km² per Glanem, [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]] [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]que ducens in [[Mare Germanicum]]. === Influentes === Lutrae longissimum flumen influens est [[Eselsbach (Lutra)|Eselsbach]], 12,3&nbsp;km longum, cum [[Mooslauter]], 10,3&nbsp;km longum, maximam pelvem hydrographicam (50,517&nbsp;km²) habeat. Hic memorantur in ordine ex fonte in exitum amnes influentes Lutrae, qui ex procuratione aquarum Rhenaniae et Palatinatus ducuntur, cum orographica situ exitus,<ref name="TK25">Topografische Karte 1:25.000</ref> longitudine, magnitudine pelvis hydrographicae, altitudine exitus<ref name="TK25" />, et numero amnis. {|class="wikitable" |- !Nomen || Situs || Longitudo (km) || Magnitudo pelvis hydrographicae (km²) || Altitudo exitus || Numerus |- | [[Hammerbacum (Lutra)|Hammerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | sinister | align="right" | 3,2 | align="right" | 3,813 | align="right" | 233 | 25466-2 |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 12,3 | align="right" | 27,888 | align="right" | 226 | 25466-4 |- | [[Otterbacum (Lutra)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 9,1 | align="right" | 29,564 | align="right" | 217 | 25466-6 |- | [[Frauenwiesbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 4,4 | align="right" | 10,344 | align="right" | 215 | 25466-72 |- | [[Kohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 0,820 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-732 |- | [[Eimerbacum (Lutra)|Eimerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,1 | align="right" | 1,092 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-734 |- | [[Becherbacum (Lutra)|Becherbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,5 | align="right" | 5,080 | align="right" | 211 | 25466-74 |- | [[Mehlbacum (Lutra)|Mehlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,0 | align="right" | 3,718 | align="right" | 210 | 25466-76 |- | [[Lauterbacum (Lutra)|Lauterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 4,7 | align="right" | 4,259 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-78 |- | [[Mooslauter]] | sinister | align="right" | 10,3 | align="right" | 50,517 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-8 |- | [[Wohlbacum (Lutra)|Wohlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,4 | align="right" | 1,979 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-9112 |- | [[Sulzbacum (Lutra)|Sulzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,3 | align="right" | 3,603 | align="right" | 207 | 25466-912 |- | [[Rutzenbacum (Lutra)|Rutzenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,3 | align="right" | 2,808 | align="right" | 205 | 25466-914 |- | [[Holzgraben (Lutra)|Holzgraben]] | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 2,865 | align="right" | 204 | 25466-9192 |- | [[Frankelbacum (Lutra)|Frankelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 3,8 | align="right" | 5,085 | align="right" | 203 | 25466-92 |- | [[Kaulbacum (Lutra)|Kaulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 1,545 | align="right" | 202 | 25466-9312 |- | [[Kreimbacum (Lutra)|Kreimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 3,207 | align="right" | 200 | 25466-932 |- | [[Schmeissbacum (Lutra)|Schmeissbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,7 | align="right" | 1,119 | align="right" | 196 | 25466-934 |- | [[Lammelbacum (Lutra)|Lammelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,8 | align="right" | 1,923 | align="right" | 194 | 25466-9392 |- | [[Selbacum (Lutra)|Selbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 1,781 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-952 |- | [[Rossbacum (Lutra)|Rossbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,1 | align="right" | 3,124 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-94 |- | [[Breitbacum (Lutra)|Breitbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,8 | align="right" | 3,747 | align="right" | 187 | 25466-954 |- | [[Koenigsbacum (Lutra)|Koenigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,9 | align="right" | 3,349 | align="right" | 179 | 25466-96 |- | [[Mausbacum (Lutra)|Mausbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 2,155 | align="right" | 166 | 25466-98 |} == Natura == In superiore cursu Lutra est habenda in rivis montium mediorum colluviei tenuis et aquae siliceae (Typo 5.1). Ex confluente Frauenwiesbach fit flumen montium mediorum colluviei tenuis aut grandis et aquae siliceae (Typi 9). [[Qualitas aquae]] est alibi multum aut omnino mutata, ex [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]] graviter aut multum, et in partibus ex Caesarea Lutra usque ad [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> et ex Olsbrücken usque ad Wolfstein critice laesa, alibi mediocriter laesa habetur (anno 2005).<ref>GeoExplorer [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220304/http://www.geoportal-wasser.rlp.de/servlet/is/2025/]</ref> Circa aquae purgatorium, id est inter Caesaream Lutram et Otterbach, pars fluminis est naturae restituta. == Infrastructura == Valles Lutra a septentrione Caesareae Lutrae est vasta et pratis agrisque plena, clausa [[Via Foederalis 270 (Germania)|B&nbsp;270]] et [[Via Vallis Lutrae]], quae uno spatio a Caesarea Lutra ad [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]] ducit. Semel quotannis (ineunte Augusto) interdicitur Valles Lutra per horas 9:00 – 18:00 machinis se moventibus ut libero commeatu birotarii, tabularii, pedestres, etc. fruantur. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Rhenania et Palatinatus]] [[Categoria:Systema Rheni fluvii]] gx7mpl30wms7rjnnu3p6ma277g6qcli 3960246 3960245 2026-05-17T17:34:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen|Lutra|[[Fasciculus:Wolfstein_air-2.jpg|thumb|center|Lutra in Wolfstein]]<br />Valles Lutra [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]]）| 39.4 | 249 | | 275.649 | Apud [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]] | [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] in [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanem]] | [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]], [[Germania]] |}} '''Lutra'''<ref>Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597 [https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=2spaaIl-Y0oC].</ref> est [[amnis influens]] a [[orographica dextra et sinistra|dextra]] [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanis]] in [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenania et Palatinatu]], terra [[Germania]]e, 39.4 km longus, qui in Silva Palatinata oritur, [[Valles Lutra|Vallem Lutram]] perfluit, inde ad Glanem per [[Montes Palatinatus Borealis]] tendit. [[Theodisce]] vocatur quoque ''Waldlauter'' ("Lutra Silvestris") ut a [[Murga|Lutra]] altera in Palatinatu meridiano sita (''Wieslauter'') distinguatur. == Geographia == Oritur Lutra fluvius circa 3 km in orientalem et australem partem a [[Caesarea Lutra]], non longe a Via Terrae&nbsp;504, altitudine 249 m super mare, ex ''Lauterspring'' ("Fons Lutrae") in fontibus, quibus nomen est [[Hungerbrunnen (Kaiserslautern)|Hungerbrunnen]]. Inde apud Viam 504 in aquilonem currens in urbem Caesaream Lutram venit, quam fossis cohibita plerumque subterraneis percurrit. In [[Horti Caesareae Lutrae|Hortis Caesareae Lutrae]] est stagnum facticium, quo ex fonte "Lutra Nova" Hortum Pistrini Novi transit. Lutra sub terram ducta cum Lutra Nova confluit ad fines boreales urbis in [[purgatorium aquae|purgatorio aquae]], unde maxime in septentrionem et occidentem tendit per [[Otterbach (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbach]], [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref>, [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> , [[Untersulzbach (Sulzbachtal)|Untersulzbach]], [[Olsbrücken]], [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium|Torrentem Corvinum-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref>, [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petram]], [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref>, [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen''.</ref> et [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Lohnweiler''.</ref>, donec [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] – cui nomen a fluvio ducitur – 159 m super mare miscetur a dextra [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glani]].<ref>Ex Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597, flumen ex confluente Lutrae et Glanis partem Lutrae nec Glanis habitum videtur.</ref> In cursu 39,4&nbsp;km longo Lutra per intervallum 90 m cadit, quo declinatio media 2,3 millesimarum redditur, aquas de [[pelvis hydrographica|pelve hydrographica]] 275,649&nbsp;km² per Glanem, [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]] [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]que ducens in [[Mare Germanicum]]. === Influentes === Lutrae longissimum flumen influens est [[Eselsbach (Lutra)|Eselsbach]], 12,3&nbsp;km longum, cum [[Mooslauter]], 10,3&nbsp;km longum, maximam pelvem hydrographicam (50,517&nbsp;km²) habeat. Hic memorantur in ordine ex fonte in exitum amnes influentes Lutrae, qui ex procuratione aquarum Rhenaniae et Palatinatus ducuntur, cum orographica situ exitus,<ref name="TK25">Topografische Karte 1:25.000</ref> longitudine, magnitudine pelvis hydrographicae, altitudine exitus<ref name="TK25" />, et numero amnis. {|class="wikitable" |- !Nomen || Situs || Longitudo (km) || Magnitudo pelvis hydrographicae (km²) || Altitudo exitus || Numerus |- | [[Hammerbacum (Lutra)|Hammerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | sinister | align="right" | 3,2 | align="right" | 3,813 | align="right" | 233 | 25466-2 |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 12,3 | align="right" | 27,888 | align="right" | 226 | 25466-4 |- | [[Otterbacum (Lutra)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 9,1 | align="right" | 29,564 | align="right" | 217 | 25466-6 |- | [[Frauenwiesbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 4,4 | align="right" | 10,344 | align="right" | 215 | 25466-72 |- | [[Kohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 0,820 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-732 |- | [[Eimerbacum (Lutra)|Eimerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,1 | align="right" | 1,092 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-734 |- | [[Becherbacum (Lutra)|Becherbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,5 | align="right" | 5,080 | align="right" | 211 | 25466-74 |- | [[Mehlbacum (Lutra)|Mehlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,0 | align="right" | 3,718 | align="right" | 210 | 25466-76 |- | [[Lauterbacum (Lutra)|Lauterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 4,7 | align="right" | 4,259 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-78 |- | [[Mooslauter]] | sinister | align="right" | 10,3 | align="right" | 50,517 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-8 |- | [[Wohlbacum (Lutra)|Wohlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,4 | align="right" | 1,979 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-9112 |- | [[Sulzbacum (Lutra)|Sulzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,3 | align="right" | 3,603 | align="right" | 207 | 25466-912 |- | [[Rutzenbacum (Lutra)|Rutzenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,3 | align="right" | 2,808 | align="right" | 205 | 25466-914 |- | [[Holzgraben (Lutra)|Holzgraben]] | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 2,865 | align="right" | 204 | 25466-9192 |- | [[Frankelbacum (Lutra)|Frankelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 3,8 | align="right" | 5,085 | align="right" | 203 | 25466-92 |- | [[Kaulbacum (Lutra)|Kaulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 1,545 | align="right" | 202 | 25466-9312 |- | [[Kreimbacum (Lutra)|Kreimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 3,207 | align="right" | 200 | 25466-932 |- | [[Schmeissbacum (Lutra)|Schmeissbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,7 | align="right" | 1,119 | align="right" | 196 | 25466-934 |- | [[Lammelbacum (Lutra)|Lammelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,8 | align="right" | 1,923 | align="right" | 194 | 25466-9392 |- | [[Selbacum (Lutra)|Selbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 1,781 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-952 |- | [[Rossbacum (Lutra)|Rossbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,1 | align="right" | 3,124 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-94 |- | [[Breitbacum (Lutra)|Breitbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,8 | align="right" | 3,747 | align="right" | 187 | 25466-954 |- | [[Koenigsbacum (Lutra)|Koenigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,9 | align="right" | 3,349 | align="right" | 179 | 25466-96 |- | [[Mausbacum (Lutra)|Mausbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 2,155 | align="right" | 166 | 25466-98 |} == Natura == In superiore cursu Lutra est habenda in rivis montium mediorum colluviei tenuis et aquae siliceae (Typo 5.1). Ex confluente Frauenwiesbach fit flumen montium mediorum colluviei tenuis aut grandis et aquae siliceae (Typi 9). [[Qualitas aquae]] est alibi multum aut omnino mutata, ex [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum|Superiori Villario-Tiefenbaco]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref> graviter aut multum, et in partibus ex Caesarea Lutra usque ad [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> et ex Olsbrücken usque ad Wolfstein critice laesa, alibi mediocriter laesa habetur (anno 2005).<ref>GeoExplorer [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220304/http://www.geoportal-wasser.rlp.de/servlet/is/2025/]</ref> Circa aquae purgatorium, id est inter Caesaream Lutram et Otterbach, pars fluminis est naturae restituta. == Infrastructura == Valles Lutra a septentrione Caesareae Lutrae est vasta et pratis agrisque plena, clausa [[Via Foederalis 270 (Germania)|B&nbsp;270]] et [[Via Vallis Lutrae]], quae uno spatio a Caesarea Lutra ad [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]] ducit. Semel quotannis (ineunte Augusto) interdicitur Valles Lutra per horas 9:00 – 18:00 machinis se moventibus ut libero commeatu birotarii, tabularii, pedestres, etc. fruantur. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Rhenania et Palatinatus]] [[Categoria:Systema Rheni fluvii]] 3ci8o6a82i7quprf4cq2gwc23nhkyyy 3960271 3960246 2026-05-17T20:20:03Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen|Lutra|[[Fasciculus:Wolfstein_air-2.jpg|thumb|center|Lutra in Wolfstein]]<br />Valles Lutra [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]]）| 39.4 | 249 | | 275.649 | Apud [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]] | [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] in [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanem]] | [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]], [[Germania]] |}} '''Lutra'''<ref>Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597 [https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=2spaaIl-Y0oC].</ref> est [[amnis influens]] a [[orographica dextra et sinistra|dextra]] [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanis]] in [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenania et Palatinatu]], terra [[Germania]]e, 39.4 km longus, qui in Silva Palatinata oritur, [[Valles Lutra|Vallem Lutram]] perfluit, inde ad Glanem per [[Montes Palatinatus Borealis]] tendit. [[Theodisce]] vocatur quoque ''Waldlauter'' ("Lutra Silvestris") ut a [[Murga|Lutra]] altera in Palatinatu meridiano sita (''Wieslauter'') distinguatur. == Geographia == Oritur Lutra fluvius circa 3 km in orientalem et australem partem a [[Caesarea Lutra]], non longe a Via Terrae&nbsp;504, altitudine 249 m super mare, ex ''Lauterspring'' ("Fons Lutrae") in fontibus, quibus nomen est [[Hungerbrunnen (Kaiserslautern)|Hungerbrunnen]]. Inde apud Viam 504 in aquilonem currens in urbem Caesaream Lutram venit, quam fossis cohibita plerumque subterraneis percurrit. In [[Horti Caesareae Lutrae|Hortis Caesareae Lutrae]] est stagnum facticium, quo ex fonte "Lutra Nova" Hortum Pistrini Novi transit. Lutra sub terram ducta cum Lutra Nova confluit ad fines boreales urbis in [[purgatorium aquae|purgatorio aquae]], unde maxime in septentrionem et occidentem tendit per [[Otterbach (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbach]], [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref>, [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> , [[Untersulzbach (Sulzbachtal)|Untersulzbach]], [[Olesbrucus|Olesbrucum]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref><ref name="Olsbrücken">Theodisce ''Olsbrücken''.</ref>, [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium|Torrentem Corvinum-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref>, [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petram]], [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref>, [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen''.</ref> et [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Lohnweiler''.</ref>, donec [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] – cui nomen a fluvio ducitur – 159 m super mare miscetur a dextra [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glani]].<ref>Ex Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597, flumen ex confluente Lutrae et Glanis partem Lutrae nec Glanis habitum videtur.</ref> In cursu 39,4&nbsp;km longo Lutra per intervallum 90 m cadit, quo declinatio media 2,3 millesimarum redditur, aquas de [[pelvis hydrographica|pelve hydrographica]] 275,649&nbsp;km² per Glanem, [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]] [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]que ducens in [[Mare Germanicum]]. === Influentes === Lutrae longissimum flumen influens est [[Eselsbach (Lutra)|Eselsbach]], 12,3&nbsp;km longum, cum [[Mooslauter]], 10,3&nbsp;km longum, maximam pelvem hydrographicam (50,517&nbsp;km²) habeat. Hic memorantur in ordine ex fonte in exitum amnes influentes Lutrae, qui ex procuratione aquarum Rhenaniae et Palatinatus ducuntur, cum orographica situ exitus,<ref name="TK25">Topografische Karte 1:25.000</ref> longitudine, magnitudine pelvis hydrographicae, altitudine exitus<ref name="TK25" />, et numero amnis. {|class="wikitable" |- !Nomen || Situs || Longitudo (km) || Magnitudo pelvis hydrographicae (km²) || Altitudo exitus || Numerus |- | [[Hammerbacum (Lutra)|Hammerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | sinister | align="right" | 3,2 | align="right" | 3,813 | align="right" | 233 | 25466-2 |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 12,3 | align="right" | 27,888 | align="right" | 226 | 25466-4 |- | [[Otterbacum (Lutra)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 9,1 | align="right" | 29,564 | align="right" | 217 | 25466-6 |- | [[Frauenwiesbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 4,4 | align="right" | 10,344 | align="right" | 215 | 25466-72 |- | [[Kohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 0,820 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-732 |- | [[Eimerbacum (Lutra)|Eimerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,1 | align="right" | 1,092 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-734 |- | [[Becherbacum (Lutra)|Becherbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,5 | align="right" | 5,080 | align="right" | 211 | 25466-74 |- | [[Mehlbacum (Lutra)|Mehlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,0 | align="right" | 3,718 | align="right" | 210 | 25466-76 |- | [[Lauterbacum (Lutra)|Lauterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 4,7 | align="right" | 4,259 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-78 |- | [[Mooslauter]] | sinister | align="right" | 10,3 | align="right" | 50,517 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-8 |- | [[Wohlbacum (Lutra)|Wohlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,4 | align="right" | 1,979 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-9112 |- | [[Sulzbacum (Lutra)|Sulzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,3 | align="right" | 3,603 | align="right" | 207 | 25466-912 |- | [[Rutzenbacum (Lutra)|Rutzenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,3 | align="right" | 2,808 | align="right" | 205 | 25466-914 |- | [[Holzgraben (Lutra)|Holzgraben]] | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 2,865 | align="right" | 204 | 25466-9192 |- | [[Frankelbacum (Lutra)|Frankelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 3,8 | align="right" | 5,085 | align="right" | 203 | 25466-92 |- | [[Kaulbacum (Lutra)|Kaulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 1,545 | align="right" | 202 | 25466-9312 |- | [[Kreimbacum (Lutra)|Kreimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 3,207 | align="right" | 200 | 25466-932 |- | [[Schmeissbacum (Lutra)|Schmeissbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,7 | align="right" | 1,119 | align="right" | 196 | 25466-934 |- | [[Lammelbacum (Lutra)|Lammelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,8 | align="right" | 1,923 | align="right" | 194 | 25466-9392 |- | [[Selbacum (Lutra)|Selbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 1,781 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-952 |- | [[Rossbacum (Lutra)|Rossbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,1 | align="right" | 3,124 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-94 |- | [[Breitbacum (Lutra)|Breitbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,8 | align="right" | 3,747 | align="right" | 187 | 25466-954 |- | [[Koenigsbacum (Lutra)|Koenigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,9 | align="right" | 3,349 | align="right" | 179 | 25466-96 |- | [[Mausbacum (Lutra)|Mausbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 2,155 | align="right" | 166 | 25466-98 |} == Natura == In superiore cursu Lutra est habenda in rivis montium mediorum colluviei tenuis et aquae siliceae (Typo 5.1). Ex confluente Frauenwiesbach fit flumen montium mediorum colluviei tenuis aut grandis et aquae siliceae (Typi 9). [[Qualitas aquae]] est alibi multum aut omnino mutata, ex [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum|Superiori Villario-Tiefenbaco]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref> graviter aut multum, et in partibus ex Caesarea Lutra usque ad [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> et ex [[Olesbrucus|Olesbruco]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref><ref name="Olsbrücken">Theodisce ''Olsbrücken''.</ref> usque ad Wolfstein critice laesa, alibi mediocriter laesa habetur (anno 2005).<ref>GeoExplorer [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220304/http://www.geoportal-wasser.rlp.de/servlet/is/2025/]</ref> Circa aquae purgatorium, id est inter Caesaream Lutram et Otterbach, pars fluminis est naturae restituta. == Infrastructura == Valles Lutra a septentrione Caesareae Lutrae est vasta et pratis agrisque plena, clausa [[Via Foederalis 270 (Germania)|B&nbsp;270]] et [[Via Vallis Lutrae]], quae uno spatio a Caesarea Lutra ad [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]] ducit. Semel quotannis (ineunte Augusto) interdicitur Valles Lutra per horas 9:00 – 18:00 machinis se moventibus ut libero commeatu birotarii, tabularii, pedestres, etc. fruantur. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Rhenania et Palatinatus]] [[Categoria:Systema Rheni fluvii]] s03bxg98i4jvgmabr56thcqat0bc15l 3960283 3960271 2026-05-17T22:00:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960283 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen|Lutra|[[Fasciculus:Wolfstein_air-2.jpg|thumb|center|Lutra in Wolfstein]]<br />Valles Lutra [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]]）| 39.4 | 249 | | 275.649 | Apud [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]] | [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] in [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanem]] | [[Rhenania et Palatinatus]], [[Germania]] |}} '''Lutra'''<ref>Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597 [https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=2spaaIl-Y0oC].</ref> est [[amnis influens]] a [[orographica dextra et sinistra|dextra]] [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glanis]] in [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenania et Palatinatu]], terra [[Germania]]e, 39.4 km longus, qui in Silva Palatinata oritur, [[Valles Lutra|Vallem Lutram]] perfluit, inde ad Glanem per [[Montes Palatinatus Borealis]] tendit. [[Theodisce]] vocatur quoque ''Waldlauter'' ("Lutra Silvestris") ut a [[Murga|Lutra]] altera in Palatinatu meridiano sita (''Wieslauter'') distinguatur. == Geographia == Oritur Lutra fluvius circa 3 km in orientalem et australem partem a [[Caesarea Lutra]], non longe a Via Terrae&nbsp;504, altitudine 249 m super mare, ex ''Lauterspring'' ("Fons Lutrae") in fontibus, quibus nomen est [[Hungerbrunnen (Kaiserslautern)|Hungerbrunnen]]. Inde apud Viam 504 in aquilonem currens in urbem Caesaream Lutram venit, quam fossis cohibita plerumque subterraneis percurrit. In [[Horti Caesareae Lutrae|Hortis Caesareae Lutrae]] est stagnum facticium, quo ex fonte "Lutra Nova" Hortum Pistrini Novi transit. Lutra sub terram ducta cum Lutra Nova confluit ad fines boreales urbis in [[purgatorium aquae|purgatorio aquae]], unde maxime in septentrionem et occidentem tendit per [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch 1994">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (1994). ''Urkundenbuch de Stadt Kaiserslautern: Bd. 1. Bis 1322''. Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Kaiserslautern.</ref><ref name="Otterbach">Theodisce ''Otterbach''.</ref>, [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref>, [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> , [[Untersulzbach (Sulzbachtal)|Untersulzbach]], [[Olesbrucus|Olesbrucum]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref><ref name="Olsbrücken">Theodisce ''Olsbrücken''.</ref>, [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium|Torrentem Corvinum-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref>, [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petram]], [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref>, [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen''.</ref> et [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref><ref>Theodisce ''Lohnweiler''.</ref>, donec [[Angulus Lutrae|Anguli Lutrae]] – cui nomen a fluvio ducitur – 159 m super mare miscetur a dextra [[Glanis (Palatinatus)|Glani]].<ref>Ex Michaelis Antonii Baudrand Parisini ''Geographia'', p. 597, flumen ex confluente Lutrae et Glanis partem Lutrae nec Glanis habitum videtur.</ref> In cursu 39,4&nbsp;km longo Lutra per intervallum 90 m cadit, quo declinatio media 2,3 millesimarum redditur, aquas de [[pelvis hydrographica|pelve hydrographica]] 275,649&nbsp;km² per Glanem, [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]] [[Rhenus|Rhenum]]que ducens in [[Mare Germanicum]]. === Influentes === Lutrae longissimum flumen influens est [[Eselsbach (Lutra)|Eselsbach]], 12,3&nbsp;km longum, cum [[Mooslauter]], 10,3&nbsp;km longum, maximam pelvem hydrographicam (50,517&nbsp;km²) habeat. Hic memorantur in ordine ex fonte in exitum amnes influentes Lutrae, qui ex procuratione aquarum Rhenaniae et Palatinatus ducuntur, cum orographica situ exitus,<ref name="TK25">Topografische Karte 1:25.000</ref> longitudine, magnitudine pelvis hydrographicae, altitudine exitus<ref name="TK25" />, et numero amnis. {|class="wikitable" |- !Nomen || Situs || Longitudo (km) || Magnitudo pelvis hydrographicae (km²) || Altitudo exitus || Numerus |- | [[Hammerbacum (Lutra)|Hammerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | sinister | align="right" | 3,2 | align="right" | 3,813 | align="right" | 233 | 25466-2 |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 12,3 | align="right" | 27,888 | align="right" | 226 | 25466-4 |- | [[Otterbacum (Lutra)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 9,1 | align="right" | 29,564 | align="right" | 217 | 25466-6 |- | [[Frauenwiesbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 4,4 | align="right" | 10,344 | align="right" | 215 | 25466-72 |- | [[Kohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 0,820 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-732 |- | [[Eimerbacum (Lutra)|Eimerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,1 | align="right" | 1,092 | align="right" | 214 | 25466-734 |- | [[Becherbacum (Lutra)|Becherbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,5 | align="right" | 5,080 | align="right" | 211 | 25466-74 |- | [[Mehlbacum (Lutra)|Mehlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 5,0 | align="right" | 3,718 | align="right" | 210 | 25466-76 |- | [[Lauterbacum (Lutra)|Lauterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 4,7 | align="right" | 4,259 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-78 |- | [[Mooslauter]] | sinister | align="right" | 10,3 | align="right" | 50,517 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-8 |- | [[Wohlbacum (Lutra)|Wohlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,4 | align="right" | 1,979 | align="right" | 209 | 25466-9112 |- | [[Sulzbacum (Lutra)|Sulzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,3 | align="right" | 3,603 | align="right" | 207 | 25466-912 |- | [[Rutzenbacum (Lutra)|Rutzenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,3 | align="right" | 2,808 | align="right" | 205 | 25466-914 |- | [[Holzgraben (Lutra)|Holzgraben]] | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 2,865 | align="right" | 204 | 25466-9192 |- | [[Frankelbacum (Lutra)|Frankelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 3,8 | align="right" | 5,085 | align="right" | 203 | 25466-92 |- | [[Kaulbacum (Lutra)|Kaulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 1,545 | align="right" | 202 | 25466-9312 |- | [[Kreimbacum (Lutra)|Kreimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 1,9 | align="right" | 3,207 | align="right" | 200 | 25466-932 |- | [[Schmeissbacum (Lutra)|Schmeissbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,7 | align="right" | 1,119 | align="right" | 196 | 25466-934 |- | [[Lammelbacum (Lutra)|Lammelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,8 | align="right" | 1,923 | align="right" | 194 | 25466-9392 |- | [[Selbacum (Lutra)|Selbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 1,5 | align="right" | 1,781 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-952 |- | [[Rossbacum (Lutra)|Rossbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 3,1 | align="right" | 3,124 | align="right" | 190 | 25466-94 |- | [[Breitbacum (Lutra)|Breitbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | dexter | align="right" | 2,8 | align="right" | 3,747 | align="right" | 187 | 25466-954 |- | [[Koenigsbacum (Lutra)|Koenigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,9 | align="right" | 3,349 | align="right" | 179 | 25466-96 |- | [[Mausbacum (Lutra)|Mausbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | sinister | align="right" | 2,0 | align="right" | 2,155 | align="right" | 166 | 25466-98 |} == Natura == In superiore cursu Lutra est habenda in rivis montium mediorum colluviei tenuis et aquae siliceae (Typo 5.1). Ex confluente Frauenwiesbach fit flumen montium mediorum colluviei tenuis aut grandis et aquae siliceae (Typi 9). [[Qualitas aquae]] est alibi multum aut omnino mutata, ex [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum|Superiori Villario-Tiefenbaco]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Oberweiler-Tiefenbach">Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach''.</ref> graviter aut multum, et in partibus ex Caesarea Lutra usque ad [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> et ex [[Olesbrucus|Olesbruco]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref><ref name="Olsbrücken">Theodisce ''Olsbrücken''.</ref> usque ad Wolfstein critice laesa, alibi mediocriter laesa habetur (anno 2005).<ref>GeoExplorer [https://web.archive.org/web/20181214220304/http://www.geoportal-wasser.rlp.de/servlet/is/2025/]</ref> Circa aquae purgatorium, id est inter Caesaream Lutram et [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbacum]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch 1994">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (1994). ''Urkundenbuch de Stadt Kaiserslautern: Bd. 1. Bis 1322''. Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Kaiserslautern.</ref><ref name="Otterbach">Theodisce ''Otterbach''.</ref>, pars fluminis est naturae restituta. == Infrastructura == Valles Lutra a septentrione Caesareae Lutrae est vasta et pratis agrisque plena, clausa [[Via Foederalis 270 (Germania)|B&nbsp;270]] et [[Via Vallis Lutrae]], quae uno spatio a Caesarea Lutra ad [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]] ducit. Semel quotannis (ineunte Augusto) interdicitur Valles Lutra per horas 9:00 – 18:00 machinis se moventibus ut libero commeatu birotarii, tabularii, pedestres, etc. fruantur. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Rhenania et Palatinatus]] [[Categoria:Systema Rheni fluvii]] p0btgyssz8ayy0ibbx7f9g9hnjkmty6 0 305204 3960295 3738238 2026-05-18T00:20:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}}{{videdis|Dickson}} '''Dickson'''<ref>Idem nomen, ut [[insula Dickson|insulae]].</ref> ([[Russice]] Диксон) est [[Colonia urbana|colonia urbana]] in [[territorium Crasnoiarense|territorio Crasnoiarensi]] [[Russia|Russiae]]. Sita est in ostio [[sinus Ieniseensis]] ad litus [[mare Karense|maris Karensis]]. Pars coloniae in [[insula Dickson]] aedificata est, pars in litore [[continens|continentali]]; eas partes [[fretum Vega]] dividit. Incolas 319 habuit anno 2021 (ad quinque milia [[decennium 199|annis octogesimis]] saeculi XX). Portus et [[locus habitatus]] perpetuus (non [[statio polaris|statio exploratoria]] vel militaris) est Russiae maxime septentrionalis. [[fasciculus:Soviet Union-1965-Stamp-0.06. 50 Years of Dikson.jpg|thumb|Dickson in [[pittacium cursuale|pittacio cursuali]] [[URSS|Sovietico]] (1965)]] ==Historia== [[Pomoria|Pomoris]] insula a saeculo XVII nota erat; anno 1610 [[Condratius Kuročkin]] [[Ienisea]]e ostium visitavit. Insula tunc ''Longa'' (''Dolgij'') vel ''Cosmae'' (''Kuz'kina'') nuncupabatur. Anno 1737 [[Charito Laptev]] hic navigavit et anno 1938 [[Theodorus Minin]], qui insulam ''Boreorientalem Maiorem'' nominavit. Anno 1875 [[Adolfus Nordenskiöld|Nordenskiöld]]ii expeditio hos locos exploravit; tunc nomen hodiernum insulae datum est. Anno 1894 expeditio [[Andreas Vilkitzkij|Andreae Vilkitzkii]] hoc nomen confirmavit. Anno 1901 [[Eduardus de Toll]] primum aedificium ad carbonem servandum hic reliquit. Anno 1915 colonia maior cum stationibus [[statio radiophonica|radiophonica]] et [[statio meteorologica|meteorologica]] aedificabatur. Portus marinus anno 1934 construi coepit. [[Ludus litterarum]] anno 1943 apertus est. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20221214190433/http://dikson-taimyr.ru/ Situs proprius] {{ling|Russice}} * [https://o-words.ru/dikson-snezhnoj-arktiki-stolica-chast-1/ Dicksonis historia] {{ling|Russice}} [[Categoria:Territorium Crasnoiarense]] [[Categoria:Portus oceani Arctici]] [[Categoria:Condita 1916]] er0dcya7jzctu5dg8a5j7rj4d7yo7m8 2 306586 3960308 3953183 2026-05-18T01:54:01Z Grufo 64423 3960308 wikitext text/x-wiki Paginae stipulaeque a me creatae: * [[arXiv]] * [[Bicinium]] * [[Breve (orthographia Latina)]] * [[Calceus subrotatus]] * [[Calculatrum]] * [[Celeritas fugae]] * [[Caerellia]] * [[Cinematographema]] * [[Conferentia]] * [[Constans Boltzmanniana]] * [[Constans Coulombiana]] * [[Constans electrica]] * [[Constans gravitatis]] * [[Constans Planckiana]] * [[Constans structurae subtilis]] * [[Corpus celeste mollem radiationem gamma iterans]] * [[Digitale operis indicatrum]] * [[Fustrum]] * [[Gaia BH1]] * [[Iactus (astrophysica)]] * [[Iactus (fluidum)]] * [[Lectrum]] * [[Lex quadratica inversa]] * [[Lucia Salani]] * [[Magister cappellae]] * [[Magnetar]] * [[Massa Iovis]] * [[Massa Lunae]] * [[Massa Solis]] * [[Massa Telluris]] * [[MetaVici]] * [[Michaël Angelus Falvetti]] * [[Mixtrum]] * [[Nationale Admonitorium Concilium pro Aëronautica]] * [[Nicolaus Antonius Manfroce]] * [[Onus electricum Planckianum]] * [[Opus exgraphiatum]] * [[Parsec]] * [[Petrus Paulus Caravagius Maior]] * [[Planeta pulsaris]] * [[Planta pedis]] * [[Pixel]] * [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[PSR B1257+12]] * [[PSR B1257+12 b]] * [[PSR B1257+12 c]] * [[PSR B1257+12 d]] * [[Pulsar enormium radiorum Roentgenianorum]] * [[Punctulum rubrum (galaxiarum genus)]] * [[Quantitas substantiae]] * [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]] * [[Recensio inter pares]] * [[Sagittarius A]] * [[Sagittarius A*]] * [[Shannon (unitas)]] * [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] * [[Sonus decrescens]] * [[Sonus increscens]] * [[Sonus increscens Rossinianus]] * [[Spacellificatio]] * [[Spatiplanum]] * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Stella degener]] * [[Stella variabilis cataclysmica]] * [[Stella variabilis Cepheis]] * [[Subtel]] * [[Systema relationum]] * [[Televistrum]] * [[Unda prorae]] * [[Unda prorae (astronomia)]] * [[Uniforme Rerum Locatrum]] * [[Unitas mensuralis]] * [[Unitates Stoneyanae]] * [[Unitates Planckianae]] * [[Vas]] * [[Ventilatrum]] * [[Ventus stellaris]] * [[Vicidata]] * [[Vis aestualis]] Paginae existentes a me rescriptae: * [[Accumulatrum (energia)]] * [[Bitus]] Paginae in aliis spatiis nominalibus a me creatae: * [[Auxilium:Adumbratio in spatio usoris]] * [[Auxilium:De veteribus disputationibus ad tabularium movendis]] * [[Auxilium:Exemplaria]] * [[Auxilium:Formulae machinariae]] * [[Auxilium:Harenarium]] * [[Auxilium:HTML in vicitextu]] * [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] * [[Vicipaedia:Gratulatio]] * [[Vicipaedia:Officina]] * [[Vicipaedia:Tutela]] * [[Vicipaedia:Vexatissimae paginae]] * [[Vicipaedia:Vicipaedia antiqua]] 9budlf0pxahlz5u0g8zprxpq1c1dxrn 0 317211 3960230 3957110 2026-05-17T17:07:25Z Bartholomite 116968 3960230 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Papa |Nomen papae=Leonem PP. XIV |Nomen=Robertus Franciscus Prevost, |Natus=[[14 Septembris]] [[1955]] |Decessor=[[Franciscus (papa)|Franciscus]] |Papa=[[2025]]– }} {{Res|Leo XIV}}<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.today.it/attualita/papa-leonem-xiv-verbale-accettazione.html|title="Leonem XIV": il nome scritto sul 'rogito' di accettazione del nuovo pontefice}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rainews.it/video/2025/05/lannuncio-dellhabemus-papam-leone-xiv-si-presenta-al-mondo-la-prima-preghiera-e-per-la-pace-36af2500-8ba5-4c8e-8642-793422c59fd4.html|title=L'annuncio dell'Habemus Papam, Leone XIV si presenta al mondo: "La prima preghiera è per la pace"}}.</ref><ref>*{{cite web|url=https://media.osservatoreromano.va/media/osservatoreromano/pdf/free/2025/05/QUO_2025_106_0905.pdf|title=HABEMUS PAPAM qui sibi nomen imposuit Robertum Franciscum Prevost LEONEM XIV}}.</ref> (natus {{barbarice|lingua=en|Robert Francis Prevost}},<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YKDP4e0ekvc&t=5s Old Video of New Pope Leo XIV- Greeting from Bishop of Chiclayo, Mons. Robert Prevost Martínez (OSA)] [[8 Maii]] [[2025]]. Chalice Canada via [[YouTube]].</ref> [[Latine|nostra lingua]] ''Robertus Franciscus Prevostius,''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ephemerisnuntii.eu/leolat/COLLECTANEA%20PAPALIA.pdf|title=Novus Papa verbis effert limites apertos, tutelam climatis, vaccinationes – Leo XIV. sententias profert politicas|last1=Gross|first1=Nicolaus|year=[[2025]]|website=Ephemeris|date=|page=13|last2=Zukowski|first2=Iris}}: "Iam mense Martio a.2025 idem retificium denuntiaverat Robertum Franciscum Prevostium, qui illo tempore adhuc fuerat cardinalis."</ref> [[Sicagum|Sicagi]] die [[14 Septembris]] [[1955]]) est [[Episcopus Romanus]], [[papa]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]], et [[dux civitatis|dux]] [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitatis Vaticanae]]. Qui electus est in [[conclave papale anni 2025|conclave papale]] die [[8 Maii]] [[2025]] post [[mors et funus Papae Francisci|mortem et funus Papae Francisci]]. Primus papa e [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] oriundus, primus ex [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]], primusque [[civis]] [[Peruvia|Peruvianus]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20250508191224/https://abc7.com/post/pope-leo-fun-facts-cardinal-robert-prevost/16358644/ Res.]</ref> secundus ex omni [[America]], primus papa est [[Ordo Sancti Augustini|Ordinis Fratrum Sancti Augustini]],<ref> https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html Res.]</ref> quamquam septimus qui [[Regula Sancti Augustini|Regulam Sancti Augustini]] sequitur,<ref>Alii fuerunt [[Honorius II]], [[Innocentius II]], [[Lucius II]], [[Hadrianus IV]], [[Gregorius VIII]], [[Eugenius IV]].</ref> [[Eugenius IV|Eugenio IV]] ([[1383]]–[[1447]]) succedens. == De vita == Robertus Franciscus Prevost [[Sicagum|Sicagi]] die [[14 Septembris]] [[1955]] natus est. Duos fratres habet.<ref>[https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2025-05/biography-of-robert-francis-prevost-pope-leo-xiv.html Res.]</ref> Ab anno [[2001]] ad annum [[2013]] fuit [[Prioratus|prior generalis]] [[Ordo Sancti Augustini|ordinis Augustinorum]], dehinc inter annos [[2015]] et [[2023]] [[episcopus]] [[Chiclayium|Chiclayii]] in [[Regio Lambayequensis|Regione Lamayequensi]] in [[Peruvia]]. Anno [[2023]] a [[Franciscus (papa)|Francisco]] ad Praefectum Dicasterii pro Episcopis designatus est, ac postea eodem anno [[cardinalis]] creatus est. Die [[8 Maii]] [[2025]] per [[Conclave anni 2025|conclave]] electus est [[papa]]. Nomen sibi imposuit Leonis XIV,<ref>[https://www.mdr.de/nachrichten/welt/panorama/neuer-papst-wahl-vatikan-100.html “US-Kardinal Robert Francis Prevost zum Papst gewählt”] - apud MDR.de, 8 Maii 2025.</ref> primum a [[Leo XIII|Leone XIII]] ([[1810]]–[[1903]]), papā qui eum maxime incitaverat quoniam [[Iura oeconomica, socialia et culturalia|iura socialia]] protegere studuerat.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLiSyHFTmtA Res.]</ref> [[Multilinguismus|Linguis quinque]] loquitur: [[Anglice]], [[Francogallice]], [[Hispanice]], [[Italiane]], et [[Lingua Lusitana|Lusitanice]], ac [[Latine|Latinam]] et [[Theodisce|Theodiscam]] legere dicitur.<ref>[https://edition.cnn.com/2025/05/08/world/pope-leo-xiv-robert-prevost-wwk-intl-latam Res.]</ref><ref>[https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/vatican-news/papal-front-runner-interest-polyglot-us-cardinal-prevost-rises-italian Res.]</ref> == Sententia == Leo [[sententia (gnome)|sententiam]] [[insigne|insignium]] episcopalium excerpit homiliae cuidam istius [[augustinus Hipponensis|Augustini]] (''Enarrationes in Psalmos'' 127,3), nempe: ''Nos multi in illo uno unum''.<ref>S. Aurelii Augustini: ''Enarrationes in Psalmos''. In [[Patrologia Latina]], vol. 37, col. 1679 ([https://www.augustinus.it/latino/esposizioni_salmi/index2.htm textus]).</ref> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Leo XIV|Leonem XIV}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://press.vatican.va/content/salastampa/it/documentation/cardinali_biografie/cardinali_bio_prevost_rf.html Prevost in sede interretiali Sedis Apostolicae] {{Papae}} {{Lifetime|1955||Leo XIV}} [[Categoria:Alumni apud Angelicum]] [[Categoria:Augustiniani]] [[Categoria:Leo XIV|!]] [[Categoria:Papae]] [[Categoria:Sicagum]] denijhqgg2iqfc13gy8pq9szqmhg6r0 0 317352 3960303 3889979 2026-05-18T00:54:36Z Bartholomite 116968 3960303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|TikTok}} ([[Sinice]] 抖音 ''Douyin'') est [[applicatio]] in qua [[pellicula]]e disseminantur, in [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|Sinis]] die [[20 Septembris]] anno 2016 orta, primum nomine ''musical.ly'' appellata. Per hanc applicationem, utentes breves variarum longitudinum pelliculas creare possunt, ut eas cum [[orbis terrarum|toto orbe]] condividant.{{dubsig}} Mutare [[velocitas]] imitationis,{{dubsig}} filtras{{dubsig}}, effectus peculiares et [[sonus|sonos]] ad pelliculas addere possunt. In hac applicatione variae pelliculae inveniri possunt: a [[saltatio]]nibus ad cantiones imitandas {{Verba Latinizanda|in subiecto sonoro}}, vel de [[cibus|cibo]] pelliculas et de nuntiis. Clavis{{dubsig}} ad prosperitatem in creandis rebus captandis consistit. Pelliculae sine fine exhibentur et servituti adducere dicuntur. == Bibliographia == * Baker-White, Emily (2025). ''Every Screen on the Planet: The War Over TikTok''. Novi Eboraci: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9781324086666. ==Nexus externi== * [https://www.tiktok.com/ Situs interretialis] {{ling|Anglice}} * [https://www.douyin.com/ Situs interretialis] {{ling|Sinice}} [[Categoria:Incepta 2016]] [[Categoria:Media socialia]] px4186ld7yto36sjiiwvv1rw5ah42sk 0 317385 3960239 3960161 2026-05-17T17:18:02Z Grufo 64423 Minora 3960239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Frame-dragging-effect.svg|thumb|Spatii temporisque tractio circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] sic pingi potest.]] {{res|Spatii temporisque tractio}}<ref name="convertimus">Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.</ref> seu {{res|spatitemporis tractio}}<ref name="convertimus" /> est effectus in [[spatitempus|continuo spatitemporali]], [[relativitas generalis|theoriā relativitatis generalis]] [[Albertus Einstein|Alberti Einstein]] praevisus, qui e distributione haud stativa [[aequatio massae et energiae|massae energiaeque]] oritur. [[Campus physicus]] appellari solet stativus si in statu constanti manet, attamen [[corpus physicum|corpora]] quae ipsum campum gignunt mobilia esse possunt; exempli gratia, [[rotatio|volventia]]. [[Disciplina]] quae effectūs fluxuum [[massa]]e [[energia]]eque tractat {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|gravitielectromagnetismus||en|qid=Q1150290}} vocatur, quia [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetismo]] classico aliqua similis est. In ambitu relativitatis generalis, primus effectus ad spatii temporisque tractionem attinens a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iosephus Lense|Iosepho Lense|en|qid=Q86272}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Thirring|Ioanne Thirring|en|qid=Q84561}} [[physicus|physicis]] [[Austria|Austricis]] anno [[1918]] descriptus est, unde et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur,<ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Lense & Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1921}}.</ref> seu spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria. Ipsi praedixerunt vertiginem corporis massivi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tensor metricus (relativitas generalis)|metricam spatitemporis|en|qid=Q2045231}} sic distorquere, ut omnes [[orbita]]e interiores cogerentur [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Talis effectus in [[mechanica Newtoniana]] omnino abest; ibidem quidem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|campus gravitationalis||en|qid=Q558066}} e massa tantum corporis, non e [[rotatio]]ne, dependet. Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus est tenuissimus: fere una pars in pluribus trillionibus partium; ut detegatur, corpus valde massivum spectandum est, vel [[instrumentum]] sensibilissimum est excogitandum. == Effectūs == {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria}} Secundum principia relativitatis generalis (vel similium theoriarum), effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus patescit prope corpora massiva volventia. Sub hoc effectu, [[systema relationum]] quo [[horologium]] celerrime decurrit est illud quod, ut a spectatore remoto visum, circa corpus massivum circumagit rotationis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}} eius sequens. Ex hoc etiam sequitur iuxta corpus massivum [[lux|lucem]] transituram esse citius eādem directione ac rotatione iactam quam rotationi adversam (erga observatores remotos). Praesertim post experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'', hic innotuit celeberrimus effectus tractionis spatii temporisque. In similitudine cum electromagnetismo, spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|inductio electromagnetica|inductione electromagnetica|en|qid=Q988780}} comparari potest. Regiones interiores magis trahuntur quam exteriores, ergo plura “systemata relationum localiter volventia” e tali campo gradienti oriuntur. Exempli gratia, concedatur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pattinator|pattinatricem|en|qid=Q1259045}} circa [[circulus aequinoctialis|circulum aequinoctialem]]em cuiusdam [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]], capite ad [[septentriones]] pedibusque ad [[Meridies (pars caeli)|meridiem]] versis, in quiete rotatoria erga {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellas fixas|en|qid=Q430297}} iacentem, circumagere in orbita; si [[bracchium|bracchia]] extendat, inductionis gravitimagneticae causā, bracchium quod ad foramen nigrum vergit in directionem rotationis torqueatur, alterum autem in directionem contrariam; ergo pattinatrix directione foramini nigro adversā (seu directione retrograda) rotet. [[Fasciculus:Epicyclic Gearing Stationary Ring.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Apparatus epicyclicus seu planetarius. Rota flava appellatur “rota solaris”, rotae caeruleae “rotae planetariae” appellantur, et rota rubra appellatur “rota anularis”.]] Est quaedam [[velocitas angularis]] peculiaris, qua si pattinatrix iam rotabatur dum bracchia expandidit, effectūs inertiales et tractio spatii temporisque se invicem sic compensant ut nulla mutatio observetur velocitatis angularis. Secundum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}}, effectūs locales [[vis gravitatis|gravitatis]] ab [[inertia|effectibus inertiae]] distingui non possunt; nulla re in extensione bracchiorum tali velocitate eveniente, hoc igitur est pattinatricis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systema relationum quiescens|en|qid=Q192735}} (non volvens). Memorandum est tale systema revolvere erga stellas fixas, rotationi foraminis nigri adversum. Aliquid simile etiam in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Principium Machianum|Principio Machiano|en|qid=Q917909}} invenitur, secundum quod systema relationum locale e distributione massae in toto [[Universum|Universo]] pendet.<ref>{{qc|Sciama, 1953}}</ref> Naturale est hoc cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|apparatus epicyclicus|apparatu epicyclico|en|qid=Q82412}} [[rota dentata|rotarum dentatarum]] comparare, in quo foramen nigrum est rota solaris, pattinatrix rota planetaria, et Universum externum rota anularis. Effectus similis (attamen electromagneticus) est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura subtilissima||en|qid=Q1413102}} in spectris atomicis, quae e [[vertigo quantica|vertigine]] [[nucleus atomi|nucleari]] oritur. Insuper, talis effectus facit ut corpus in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita aequinoctialis|orbita aequinoctiali|en|qid=Q3884974}}, sed non in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|liberus casus|libero casu|en|qid=Q140028}}, massivo corpori centrali videatur gravius si directione retrograda rotatur quam si rotatur directione prograda. Exempli gratia, rota super circulum aequinoctialem suspensa aestimabitur massā graviore si directione retrograda volvit quam si prograda. Caveatur tamen tractionem spatitemporalem nec accelerare neque retardare rotam, non esse quidem [[viscositas|viscositati]] similem. Item, quoddam [[pendulum]] super [[planeta]]m volventem pendens non inclinabitur, sed ad [[perpendiculum]] manebitur. Attamen, si cadere incipiat, nonnullus [[motus|motus]] rotatorius casui eius inducatur. Ultro, si quaedam rota, secus planum aequinoctialem suspensa, ibidem cadat, celerius celeriusque retrograde rotari incipiat, licet nec ullam [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] neque ullam mutationem in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momento angulari|en|qid=Q161254}} experiatur. {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio linearis}} E relativitate generali consequitur similem effectum et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|motus linearis|linearem|en|qid=Q2035846}} afficere motum. Nihilominus, licet e theoria solide fluat, difficultas eius in Universo observandi vel per experimenta comprobandi facit ut per commentaria minus tractetur vel saepe omittatur (sed {{*cfr}} {{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}). {{tp|Incrementum stativum massae}} Tertius effectus ab ipso Einstein in eodem commentario<ref name="einstein-1921">{{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}</ref> notatus in hoc consistit, quod {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|massa inertialis||es|qid=Q843816}} augetur quum corpus prope alias massas adiacet. Quamquam effectus non ad tractionem proprie pertineat, ab eadem aequatione relativitatis generalis derivatur. Hic quoque est effectus tenuissimus atque per experimenta difficillimus probatu. == Derivatio mathematica == Spatii temporisque tractio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Kerriana|metricā Kerrianā|en|qid=Q1068747}} bene explicari potest,<ref name="kerr_1963">{{Opus | nomen = Roy Patrick Kerr | cognomen = Kerr | titulus = Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics | contextus = Physical Review Letters | commentatio de contextu = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 237–238 | annus = 1963 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 | bibcode = 1963PhRvL..11..237K }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Landau | nomen auctoris 1 = Leo Davidis | commentatio de auctore 1 = Leo Landau | cognomen auctoris 2 = Lifshitz | nomen auctoris 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich | commentatio de auctore 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich Lifshitz | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = The Classical Theory of Fields | contextus = Course of Theoretical Physics | volumen = 2 | annus = 1975 | editio = 4 | isbn = 978-0-08-018176-9 | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] | paginae = 321–330 }}.</ref> quae [[geometria]]m continui spatitemporalis prope massam {{mvar|M}}, cui sit momentum angulare {{mvar|J}}, per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae Boyerianae–Lindquistanae|coordinatas Boyerianas–Lindquistanas|en|qid=Q2996687}} sic describit: : <math>\begin{align} c^{2} d\tau^{2} =& \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s} r}{\rho^{2}} \right) c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{\Lambda^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} \\ & {} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} + \frac{r_{s} r \alpha^{2}}{\rho^{2}} \sin^{2} \theta \right) \sin^{2} \theta \ d\phi^{2} + \frac{2r_{s} r\alpha c \sin^{2} \theta }{\rho^{2}} d\phi dt \end{align}</math> In tali formula {{mvar|r_s}} est [[radius Schwarzschildianus]], : <math> r_{s} = \frac{2GM}{c^{2}} </math> atque hae quantitates introductae sunt compendia: : <math> \alpha = \frac{J}{Mc} </math> : <math> \rho^{2} = r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \cos^{2} \theta\,\! </math> : <math> \Lambda^{2} = r^{2} - r_{s} r + \alpha^{2}\,\! </math> Intra limitem non relativisticum, [[quantitas variabilis|quantitate variabili]] {{mvar|M}} (vel similiter {{mvar|r_s}}) ad [[0|nihil]] tendente, metrică Kerriana fit metrica una ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae sphaeroidales oblongae|coordinatas sphaeroidales oblongas|en|qid=Q11075615}} orthogonalis: : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{r^{2} + \alpha^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) \sin^{2}\theta d\phi^{2} </math> Ergo metrica Kerriana et per hanc aequationem rescribi potest, : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = \left( g_{tt} - \frac{g_{t\phi}^{2}}{g_{\phi\phi}} \right) dt^{2} + g_{rr} dr^{2} + g_{\theta\theta} d\theta^{2} + g_{\phi\phi} \left( d\phi + \frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} dt \right)^{2} </math> quae illi systemati relationum congruit quod conrotatur velocitate angulari {{math|Ω}}, tam e [[radius (geometria)|radio]] {{mvar|r}} quam e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|collatitudo|collatitudine|en|qid=Q962585}} {{mvar|θ}} dependente, : <math> \Omega = -\frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} = \frac{r_{s} \alpha r c}{\rho^{2} \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) + r_{s} \alpha^{2} r \sin^{2}\theta} </math> et quae in [[circulus aequinoctialis|plano aequinoctiali]] hocmodo fit simplicius:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Tartaglia | nomen auctoris = Angelus | titulus = Detection of the gravitometric clock effect | annus = 2008 | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 17 | fasciculus = 4 | paginae = 783–792 | s2cid = 9356721 | arxiv = gr-qc/9909006 | bibcode = 2000CQGra..17..783T | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/17/4/304 }}.</ref> : <math> \Omega = \frac{r_{s} \alpha c}{r^{3} + \alpha^{2} r + r_{s} \alpha^{2}} </math> Sic massa volvens ad suam rotationem omnia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata relationum inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} trahit: haec est spatii temporisque tractio. [[Fasciculus:Ergosphere_and_event_horizon_of_a_rotating_black_hole_(no_animation).gif|thumb|upright=1|Duae [[superficies]] ubi [[metrica Kerriana]] videtur singularitates ostendere; interior est [[horizon eventuum]], sphaeroidi oblongo similis, exterior vero [[cucurbita]]e similis.<ref name="visser">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Visser | nomen auctoris = Matthaeus | titulus = The Kerr spacetime: A brief introduction | tempus = 2008-01-15 | pagina = 35 | url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.0622v3 | contextus = arXiv General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology | url contextus = https://arxiv.org/archive/gr-qc | arxiv = 0706.0622v3 }}.</ref><ref name="blundell">{{Opus | cognomen auctricis = Blundell | nomen auctricis = Catharina | titulus = Black Holes: A Very Short Introduction | annus = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ | pagina = 31 | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ&dq=ergosphere+pumpkin&pg=PA31 }}.</ref> [[Ergosphaera]] inter has duas superficies iacet; intra hoc [[volumen]], pars metrica {{mvar|g_tt}} fit negativa, id est sicut pars spatialis se gerit. Inde sequitur particulis intra ergosphaeram unā cum massa interiori volvendum esse, si naturam temporalem servare volunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Retrograde entry into the ergospere of a rotating black hole.gif|thumb|Particula ergosphaerae retrograde appropinquans cogitur suam directionem invertere.]] Forma immanissima spatii temporisque tractio intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminis nigri volventis]] incurritur. In metrica quidem Kerriana sunt duae superficies quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|singularitas (mathematica)|singulares|en|qid=Q863349}} esse videntur. Interior quarum [[horizon eventuum|horizonti eventuum]] sphaerico congruit illius simili quem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Schwarzschildiana||en|qid=Q742969}} describit, : <math> r_\text{interior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2}}}{2} </math> quo pars radialis pura {{mvar|g_rr}} fit [[infinitas|infinita]]. Superficies exterior, quum vertigo sit parva {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides oblongus|sphaeroidi oblongo|pt|qid=Q3241540}} similis, quum autem vertigo sit magna [[cucurbita]]e similis apparet.<ref name=visser /><ref name=blundell /> Haec superficies interiorem illam attingit in [[polus|polis]], quibus collatitudo {{mvar|θ}} fit [[0|zerus]] aut {{mvar/pi}}. In coordinatis Boyerianis–Lindquistanis eius radius definitur per formulam: : <math> r_\text{exterior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2} \cos^{2}\theta}}{2} </math> ubi pars temporalis pura {{mvar|g_tt}} suum [[signum (numeri)|signum]] a positivo ad negativum vertit. Spatium inter has duas superficies appellatur [[ergosphaera]]. Particula quae movetur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus proprium||en|qid=Q1056595}} positivum in sua {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|linea universi||en|qid=Q856292}}—seu in sua via per continuum spatitemporale—experiri solet. Hoc tamen intra ergosphaeram—ubi pars {{mvar|g_tt}} semper negativa est—evenire licet dummodo particula unā cum massa centrali {{mvar|M}} saltem velocitate {{math|Ω}} conrotetur. Sicut supra ostenditur, memorandum est spatii temporisque tractionem circa quamlibet massam volventem, apud quemlibet radium {{mvar|r}} et in qualibet collatitudine {{mvar|θ}} evenire, non tantummodo intra ergosphaeram foraminis nigri. === De effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano intra sphaeram volventem === [[Praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus]] ab Alberto Einstein habitus est non solum testis, sed etiam probatio [[principium Machianum|principii Machiani]]; sic e litteris patet quas ad [[Ernestus Mach|Ernestum Mach]] anno [[1913]] misit (quinque annis ante opus Iosephi Lense et Ioannis Thirring, et duobus annis antequam formam ultimam [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] perficeret). {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Carolus Gulielmus Misner|Carolus Misner|en|qid=Q364238}}, [[Kip Thorne]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Archibaldus Wheeler|Ioannes Wheeler|en|qid=Q202631}} in suo libro {{Op|De gravitatione}} epistulas Einsteinianas tradiderunt.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-2017-21.5-544">{{qc|id=Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 2017}}, fig. 21.5, p. 544.</ref> Effectus ad distantias [[cosmologia|cosmologicas]] extensum a nonnullis auctoribus adhuc hodie adhibetur probatio principii Machiani.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-2017-21.5-544" /> Intra globum sphaericum volventem [[acceleratio]] ob effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum sic patescit:<ref name="phister-2005">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Pfister | nomen auctoris = Herbertus | titulus = On the history of the so-called Lense–Thirring effect | annus = 2005 | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 39 | fasciculus = 11 | paginae = 1735–1748 | url = http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00002681/ | s2cid = 22593373 | bibcode = 2007GReGr..39.1735P | citeseerx = 10.1.1.693.4061 | doi = 10.1007/s10714-007-0521-4 }}.</ref> : <math> \bar{a} = -2d_1 \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar v \right) - d_2 \left[ \bar{ \omega} \times \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar{r} \right) + 2\left( \bar{ \omega}\bar{r} \right) \bar{ \omega} \right] </math> ubi [[coëfficiens|coëfficientes]] sunt: : <math>\begin{align} d_1 &= \frac{4MG}{3Rc^2} \\ d_2 &= \frac{4MG}{15Rc^2} \end{align}</math> si {{math|1={{mvar|MG}} ≪ {{mvar|Rc}}²}}; vel accuratius: : <math> d_1 = \frac{4 \alpha(2 - \alpha)}{(1 + \alpha)(3- \alpha)}, \qquad \alpha=\frac{MG}{2Rc^2} </math> Continuum spatitemporale intra [[sphaera]]m volventem non erit planum. Hoc quidem fieri potest planum tantummodo si corpus a forma sphaerica paulo deviare potest et eius densitas potest variari.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Pfister | nomen auctoris 1 = Herbertus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Braun | nomen auctoris 2 = H. K. | titulus = Induction of correct centrifugal force in a rotating mass shell | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 2 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 1985 | paginae = 909–918 | s2cid = 250883114 | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/2/6/015 | bibcode = 1985CQGra...2..909P }}.</ref> == Experimenta == Anno [[1976]], [[Ricardus A. Van Patten]] et [[Franciscus W. Everitt]] missionem proposuerunt quae, per binos [[satelles artificialis|satellites]] in contrariis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita polaris|orbitis polaribus|en|qid=Q746711}} circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] positos atque apparatibus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Satelles frictione privus|frictione privis|en|qid=Q8069443}} instructos, praecessionem Lensianam–Thirringianam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nodus orbitalis|nodorum orbitalium|en|qid=Q507546}} metiretur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = Possible Experiment with Two Counter-Orbiting Drag-Free Satellites to Obtain a New Test of Einsteins's General Theory of Relativity and Improved Measurements in Geodesy | contextus = Physical Review Letters | annus = 1976 | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 12 | paginae = 629–632 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.629 | s2cid = 120984879 | bibcode = 1976PhRvL..36..629V }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = A possible experiment with two counter-rotating drag-free satellites to obtain a new test of Einstein's general theory of relativity and improved measurements in geodesy | contextus = Celestial Mechanics | fasciculus = 4 | volumen = 13 | annus = 1976 | paginae = 429–447 | doi = 10.1007/BF01229096 | s2cid = 121577510 | bibcode = 1976CeMec..13..429V }}</ref> Anno [[1986]], simile experimentum, attamen minus sumptuosum, ab [[Ignatius Ciufolini|Ignatio Ciufolini]] excogitatum est:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Ciufolini | nomen = I. | titulus = Measurement of Lense–Thirring Drag on High-Altitude Laser-Ranged Artificial Satellites | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 56 | fasciculus = 4 | annus = 1986 | paginae = 278–281 | bibcode = 1986PhRvL..56..278C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.278 | pmid = 10033146 }}</ref> is enim proposuit satellitem passivum geodeticum in eandem orbitam ac illam satellitis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}} immittere—qui anno [[1976]] missus erat—sed in hoc dissimilem, quod plani orbitales graduum 180 verterentur, in formatione quae vulgo “papilionis” appellatur. Hoc in casu, quantitas metienda esset summa nodorum satellitis LAGEOS et novi vehiculi, quod postea variis nominibus appellatum est: [[LAGEOS III]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}, WEBER-SAT. Animis ad satellites iam in orbita restrictis, biennio [[1977]]–[[1978]], per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Telemetria laserica ad satellites versa|telemetriam lasericam|en|qid=Q1413924}} ad LAGEOS satellites versam, primum propositum effectūs Lensiani–Thirringiani metiendi ortum est.<ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 1978A&A....69..321C | cognomen 1 = Cugusi | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Proverbio | nomen 2 = E. | titulus = Relativistic Effects on the Motion of Earth's Artificial Satellites | contextus = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volumen = 69 | annus = 1978 | pagina = 321 }}</ref> Tentamina efficaciter incohata sunt anno [[1996]], quum satellites LAGEOS et [[LAGEOS II]] secundum ea rationem adhiberentur qua apta combinatio nodorum amborum satellitum et [[Perigaeum|perigaei]] satellitis LAGEOS II usurparetur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Lucchesi | nomen 2 = D. | cognomen 3 = Vespe | nomen 3 = F. | cognomen 4 = Mandiello | nomen 4 = A. | titulus = Measurement of dragging of inertial frames and gravitomagnetic field using laser-ranged satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 575–590 | doi = 10.1007/BF02731140 | s2cid = 124860519 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109..575C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | titulus = On a new method to measure the gravitomagnetic field using two orbiting satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 12 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 1709–1720 | doi = 10.1007/BF02773551 | s2cid = 120415056 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109.1709C }}</ref> Inter annos [[2004]] et [[2006]] alia experimenta acta sunt quibus, perigaeo satellitis LAGEOS II omisso et combinatione lineari adhibita, effectus ultro investigatus est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E. C. | titulus = A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense–Thirring effect | contextus = Nature | commentatio de contextu = Nature | volumen = 431 | fasciculus = 7011 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 958–960 | pmid = 15496915 | s2cid = 4423434 | doi = 10.1038/nature03007 | bibcode = 2004Natur.431..958C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E.C. | cognomen 3 = Peron | nomen 3 = R. | titulus = Determination of frame-dragging using Earth gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 8 | annus = 2006 | paginae = 527–550 | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2006.02.001 | bibcode = 2006NewA...11..527C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Morea | nomen 2 = A. | titulus = The Impact of the New Earth Gravity Models on the Measurement of the Lense-Thirring Effect | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 1321–1333 | arxiv = gr-qc/0304011 | bibcode = 2004GReGr..36.1321I | s2cid = 119098428 | doi = 10.1023/B:GERG.0000022390.05674.99 }}</ref> In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Litterae scientificae|litteris scientificis|en|qid=Q12042160}} accurata recensio omnium tentaminum quibus, ope satellitum artificialium, conatum est effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum metiri anno [[2013]] edita est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2013 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref> Generalis tamen accuratio talium tentaminum LAGEOS satellites adhibentium hactenus obnoxia est controversiis.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | titulus = Some reflections on the Lageos frame-dragging experiment in view of recent data analyses | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 29 | annus = 2014 | paginae = 25–27 | bibcode = 2014NewA...29...25R | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2013.10.008 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Lichtenegger | nomen 2 = H. I. M. | cognomen 3 = Ruggiero | nomen 3 = M. L. | cognomen 4 = Corda | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Phenomenology of the Lense-Thirring effect in the solar system | contextus = Astrophysics and Space Science | volumen = 331 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2011 | paginae = 351–395 | doi = 10.1007/s10509-010-0489-5 | s2cid = 119206212 | arxiv = 1009.3225 | bibcode = 2011Ap&SS.331..351I }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 2011EPJP..126...72C | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Ries | nomen 4 = J. | cognomen 5 = Koenig | nomen 5 = R. | cognomen 6 = Matzner | nomen 6 = R. | cognomen 7 = Sindoni | nomen 7 = G. | cognomen 8 = Neumeyer | nomen 8 = H. | titulus = Testing gravitational physics with satellite laser ranging | contextus = The European Physical Journal Plus | volumen = 126 | fasciculus = 8 | pagina = 72 | annus = 2011 | doi = 10.1140/epjp/i2011-11072-2 | s2cid = 122205903 }}</ref> Experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'' fuit [[volatus spatialis|missio spatialis]] a grege [[Universitas Stanfordiensis|Universitatis Stanfordiensis]] et [[NASA]] suscepta, qua alius effectus gravitimagneticus, nempe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Schiffiana||d|qid=Q7258953}} [[gyroscopium|gyroscopii]], usque ad accurationem circa {{Centesimae|1|gen}}, vel etiam meliorem, metiendus erat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris = Bertotti | nomen redactoris = B. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | annus = 1974 | contextus = Proc. Int. School Phys. “Enrico Fermi” Course LVI | paginae = 331–360 | domus editoria = New Academic Press | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 439–468 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Everitt | nomen 1 = C. W. F. | cognomen 2 = Buchman | nomen 2 = Saps | cognomen 3 = DeBra | nomen 3 = D. B. | cognomen 4 = Keiser | nomen 4 = G. M. | cognomen 5 = Lockhart | nomen 5 = J. M. | cognomen 6 = Muhlfelder | nomen 6 = B. | cognomen 7 = Parkinson | nomen 7 = B. W. | cognomen 8 = Turneaure | nomen 8 = J. P. | auctor 9 = Grex ''Gravity Probe B'' | cognomen redactoris 1 = Laemmerzahl | nomen redactoris 1 = C. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Everitt | nomen redactoris 2 = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 3 = Hehl | nomen redactoris 3 = F. W. | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Countdown to Launch | tempus = 2001-01-01 | contextus = Gyros, Clocks, Interferometers…: Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space | paginae = 52–82 | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 562 | domus editoria = Springer Nature | doi = 10.1007/3-540-40988-2_4 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | annus = 1959 | contextus = WSEG, Research Memorandum No. 11 }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 414–426 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Leonardus I. | nomen = Schiff | titulus = On Experimental Tests of the General Theory of Relativity | contextus = American Journal of Physics | volumen = 28 | annus = 1960 | paginae = 340–343 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ries | nomen 1 = J. C. | cognomen 2 = Eanes | nomen 2 = R. J. | cognomen 3 = Tapley | nomen 3 = B. D. | cognomen 4 = Peterson | nomen 4 = G. E. | titulus = Prospects for an improved Lense–Thirring test with SLR and the GRACE gravity mission | contextus = Proceedings of the 13th International Laser Ranging Workshop NASA CP 2003 | annus = 2003 | url = https://cddis.nasa.gov/lw13/docs/presentations/sci_ries_1p.pdf }}.</ref> Infeliciter, talis accuratio numquam attingi potuit. Nam primae relationes de experimento, mense [[Aprilis|Aprili]] [[2007]] editae, accurationem inter {{centesimae|256|acc}} et {{centesimae|128|acc}} aestimaverunt, sperantes tamen ante mensem [[December|Decembrem]] [[2007]] accurationem circa {{centesimae|13|gen}} attactum iri.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Muhlfelder | nomen 1 = B. | cognomen 2 = Mac Keiser | nomen 2 = G. | cognomen 3 = Turneaure | nomen 3 = J. | titulus = poster L1.00027 | annus = 2007 }}, presented at the American Physical Society (APS) meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on 14–17 April.</ref><ref>{{Opus | domus editoria = einstein.stanford.edu | tempus inspectionis = 2019-09-27 | titulus = StanfordNews 4/14/07 | url = https://einstein.stanford.edu/content/press_releases/SU/pr-aps-041807.pdf }}.</ref> Anno [[2008]] relatio officialis Divisionis Astrophysicae [[NASA]] ([[Anglice]] ''NASA Astrophysics Division Operating Missions'') aestimavit parum verisimile fore gregem missionis errores ad gradum tam humilem reducere ut quodlibet argumentum persuasivum de partibus [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] nondum probatis (inter quas et spatii temporisque tractio erat) ferri posset.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Report of the 2008 Senior Review of the Astrophysics Division Operating Missions | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | retrospectio = 20080921103646 | tempus inspectionis = 2009-03-20 | url = http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/about-us/science-strategy/senior-reviews/AstroSR08_Report.pdf | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Hecht | nomen = Jeff | titulus = Gravity Probe B scores ‘F’ in NASA review | domus editoria = New Scientist | lingua = en-US | tempus inspectionis = 2023-09-17 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13938-gravity-probe-b-scores-f-in-nasa-review/ }}.</ref> Nihilominus, die [[4 Maii]] [[2011]], grex Stanfordiensis et NASA relationem ultimam ediderunt,<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B – MISSION STATUS | url = http://einstein.stanford.edu/highlights/status1.html }}.</ref> qua affirmaverunt effectum spatii temporis tractionis, intra errorem circa {{centesimae|19|gen}} et quantitate ab [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein]] praedictā in ipso medio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Intervallum fiduciae|intervallo fiduciae|en|qid=Q208498}} positā, probatum esse.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B finally pays off | retrospectio = 20120930181448 | tempus = 2013-09-23 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-07 | url = http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/73870/title/Gravity_Probe_B_finally_pays_off_ | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Final results of a space experiment to test general relativity | contextus = Physical Review Letters | retrospectio = 20120520054840 | tempus = 2011-05-01 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-06 | url = http://prl.aps.org/accepted/L/ea070Y8dQ491d22a28828c95f660a57ac82e7d8c0 | salus url = obiit }}.</ref> NASA quoque nuntiavit se triumphum in probatione spatii temporisque tractionis, per ''Gravity Probe B'' atque iterum per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|GRACE et GRACE-FO (satellites)|geminos satellites GRACE|en|qid=Q704319}}, assecutam esse; utraque proclamatio adhuc palam conspicua est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Perrotto | nomen 1 = Trent J. | titulus = Gravity Probe B | url = https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/gpb_results.html | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | locus = [[Washingtonia]]e | tempus inspectionis = 2019-08-23 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ramanujan | nomen 1 = Krishna | titulus = As World Turns it Drags Time and Space | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | tempus inspectionis = 23 August 2019 | url = https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/earth_drag.html }}.</ref> Insuper, alius grex investigatorum ex [[Italia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannia]], commentatione [[Recensio inter pares|inter pares recensa]] et deinde in ephemeride edita,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Koenig | nomen 4 = R. | cognomen 5 = Ries | nomen 5 = J. | cognomen 6 = Gurzadyan | nomen 6 = V. | cognomen 7 = Matzner | nomen 7 = R. | cognomen 8 = Penrose | nomen 8 = R. | cognomen 9 = Sindoni | nomen 9 = G. | cognomen 10 = Paris | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Khachatryan | nomen 11 = H. | cognomen 12 = Mirzoyan | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = A test of general relativity using the LARES and LAGEOS satellites and a GRACE Earth gravity model: Measurement of Earth's dragging of inertial frames | contextus = The European Physical Journal C | volumen = 76 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2016 | pagina = 120 | doi = 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3961-8 | arxiv = 1603.09674 | bibcode = 2016EPJC...76..120C | pmc = 4946852 | pmid = 27471430 }}.</ref> eandem probationem, ope interpretationis gravitatis e satellite GRACE orta, demonstravit. Omnia haec studia suaserunt ut ulterior investigatio, accuratius atque aliis theoriis gravitatis perspectis, perageretur. Apud [[stella]]s quae [[foramen nigrum supermassivum|supermassivum]] [[foramen nigrum volvens]] circumagunt propinquae, spatii temporisque tractio planum orbitale earum secundum axem rotationis foraminis nigri praecessare cogit. Hic effectus speratur intra paucos annos detectum iri stellas in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] per [[astrometria]]m observando.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Merritt | nomen 1 = D. | cognomen 2 = Alexander | nomen 2 = T. | cognomen 3 = Mikkola | nomen 3 = S. | cognomen 4 = Will | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Testing Properties of the Galactic Center Black Hole Using Stellar Orbits | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 81 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2010 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.062002 | article-number = 062002 | arxiv = 0911.4718 | bibcode = 2010PhRvD..81f2002M | s2cid = 118646069 }}.</ref> Ultro putatur, praecessiones orbitales binarum stellarum in diversis orbitis comparando, praeter ipsum momentum rotationis foraminis nigri metiendum, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theorema de calvitie|theorema de calvitie|fr|qid=Q1376515}} relativitatis generalis probari posse.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Will | nomen = C. | titulus = Testing the General Relativistic "No-Hair" Theorems Using the Galactic Center Black Hole Sagittarius A* | contextus = Astrophysical Journal Letters | volumen = 674 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2008 | paginae = L25–L28 | s2cid = 11685632 | doi = 10.1086/528847 | arxiv = 0711.1677 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...674L..25W }}.</ref> == Indicia astronomica == [[Iactus (astrophysica)|Iactūs relativistici]] testimonia de realitate spatii temporis tractionis praebere possunt. Nam [[vis|vires]] gravitimagneticae quae intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminum nigrorum volventium]] effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano gignuntur,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Extracting X rays, Ύ rays, and relativistic e⁻–e⁺ pairs from supermassive Kerr black holes using the Penrose mechanism | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 51 | fasciculus = 10 | annus = 1995 | paginae = 5387–5427 | pmid = 10018300 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.51.5387 | bibcode = 1995PhRvD..51.5387W }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Collimated escaping vortical polar e⁻–e⁺ jets intrinsically produced by rotating black holes and Penrose processes | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 611 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 952–963 | doi = 10.1086/422304 | s2cid = 1350543 | arxiv = astro-ph/0404135 | bibcode = 2004ApJ...611..952W }}.</ref> unā cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Processus Penrosianus|processu energiae extrahendae|en|qid=Q616172}} a [[Rogerius Penrose|Rogerio Penrose]] excogitato,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Penrose | nomen = R. | titulus = Gravitational collapse: The role of general relativity | contextus = Nuovo Cimento Rivista | volumen = 1 | annus = 1969 | fasciculus = Numero Speciale | paginae = 252–276 | bibcode = 1969NCimR...1..252P }}.</ref> adhibitae sunt ad lineamenta iactuum relativisticorum observata explicanda.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Gariel | nomen 1 = J. | cognomen 2 = MacCallum | nomen 2 = M. A. H. | cognomen 3 = Marcilhacy | nomen 3 = G. | cognomen 4 = Santos | nomen 4 = N. O. | titulus = Kerr geodesics, the Penrose process and jet collimation by a black hole | contextus = Astronomy & Physics | volumen = 515 | fasciculus = A15 | annus = 2010 | mensis = 6 | arxiv = gr-qc/0702123v1 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913678 }}.</ref> Theoria gravitimagnetica a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Reva Kay Williams||en|qid=Q17037114}} [[astrophysica]] [[Tennesia|Tennesiensi]] proposita plura ex his phaenomenis praedicit, inter quae numeranda sunt: particulae altissimae energiae (usque ad ordinem [[GeV]]) quas [[quasar]]ia et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus galacticus activus|nuclei galactici activi|en|qid=Q46587}} emittunt, extractio radiationis [[Roentgeniani radii|X]], [[Radiatio gamma|γ]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Parium creatio|parium relativisticorum electronum positronumque|en|qid=Q115238}}, iactūs in axem polarem collineati, necnon formatio iactuum qui asymmetrici sint erga planum orbitale. Ipse effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus observatus est in [[stella binaria|systemate binario]] quod e [[pumilio alba|pumilione alba]] massiva et [[pulsar]]e constat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Venkatraman Krishnan | nomen 1 = V. | cognomen 2 = Bailes | nomen 2 = M. | cognomen 3 = van Straten | nomen 3 = W. | cognomen 4 = Wex | nomen 4 = N. | cognomen 5 = Freire | nomen 5 = P. C. C. | cognomen 6 = Keane | nomen 6 = E. F. | cognomen 7 = Tauris | nomen 7 = T. M. | cognomen 8 = Rosado | nomen 8 = P. A. | cognomen 9 = Bhat | nomen 9 = N. D. R. | cognomen 10 = Flynn | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Jameson | nomen 11 = A. | cognomen 12 = Osłowski | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = Lense–Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system | contextus = Science | volumen = 367 | fasciculus = 5 | tempus = 2020-01-31 | paginae = 577–580 | arxiv = 2001.11405 | bibcode = 2020Sci...367..577V | doi = 10.1126/science.aax7007 | pmid = 32001656 | s2cid = 210966295 }}.</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Einstein, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Einstein | nomen auctoris = Albertus | commentatio de auctore = Albertus Einstein | titulus = The meaning of relativity | latine = Significatio relativitatis | contextus = The Stafford Little Lectures of Princeton University | url = https://lectures.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf296/files/2020-08/_Albert_Einstein__Brian_Greene__The_meaning_of_rel_BookZZ.org_.pdf | editio = 5 | annus primae editionis = 1921 | mensis primae editionis = 5 | url primae editionis = https://archive.org/details/meaningofrelativ00eins_0 | annus = 1970 | domus editoria = Princeton University Press | locus = [[Princetonia]]e }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Ginzburg | nomen = Vitalis Lazarevich | titulus = Artificial Satellites and the Theory of Relativity | paginae = 149–160 | contextus = Scientific American | commentatio de contextu = Scientific American | annus = 1959 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 200 | fasciculus = 5 | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0559-149 | bibcode = 1959SciAm.200e.149G }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lense & Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Lense | nomen 1 = Iosephus | cognomen 2 = Thirring | nomen 2 = Ioannes | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Über den Einfluss der Eigenrotation der Zentralkörper auf die Bewegung der Planeten und Monde nach der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | annus = 1918 | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | paginae = 156–163 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19..156L }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 2017 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 2017 | domus editoria = [[Princeton University Press]] | locus = [[Oxonia]]e | isbn = 9780691177793 }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = Iacobus | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | annus = 2013 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | doi-access = free }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1918 | titulus = Über die Wirkung rotierender ferner Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | latine = De effectu massarum volventium remotarum secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | pagina = 33 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19...33T }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1921 | titulus = Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ‘Über die Wirkung rotierender Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie’ | latine = De rebus corrigendis in mea commentatione ''De effectu massarum remotarum volventium secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana'' | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 22 | pagina = 29 | bibcode = 1921PhyZ...22...29T }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Ergosphaera]] * [[Foramen nigrum volvens]] * [[Iactus (astrophysica)]] * [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]] * [[Relativitas generalis]] * [[Sagittarius A*]] * [[Spacellificatio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] {{div col end}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Frame-dragging|Spatii temporisque tractionem}} * {{Machina temporis interretialis|http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04351_time_drags.html|NASA Release: 04-351 As The World Turns, It Drags Space And Time|20080619060938}} {{Appendicula de hac pagina| {{Nuntium de pagina mensis|2|2026}} }} [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Foramina nigra]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] cjo2y3c9184wwnzhnymd1e8sfsj5g4l 3960315 3960239 2026-05-18T02:05:21Z Grufo 64423 Nexus 3960315 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Frame-dragging-effect.svg|thumb|Spatii temporisque tractio circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] sic pingi potest.]] {{res|Spatii temporisque tractio}}<ref name="convertimus">Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.</ref> seu {{res|spatitemporis tractio}}<ref name="convertimus" /> est effectus in [[spatitempus|continuo spatitemporali]], [[relativitas generalis|theoriā relativitatis generalis]] [[Albertus Einstein|Alberti Einstein]] praevisus, qui e distributione haud stativa [[aequatio massae et energiae|massae energiaeque]] oritur. [[Campus physicus]] appellari solet stativus si in statu constanti manet, attamen [[corpus physicum|corpora]] quae ipsum campum gignunt mobilia esse possunt; exempli gratia, [[rotatio|volventia]]. [[Disciplina]] quae effectūs fluxuum [[massa]]e [[energia]]eque tractat {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|gravitielectromagnetismus||en|qid=Q1150290}} vocatur, quia [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetismo]] classico aliqua similis est. In ambitu relativitatis generalis, primus effectus ad spatii temporisque tractionem attinens a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iosephus Lense|Iosepho Lense|en|qid=Q86272}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Thirring|Ioanne Thirring|en|qid=Q84561}} [[physicus|physicis]] [[Austria|Austricis]] anno [[1918]] descriptus est, unde et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur,<ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Lense & Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1921}}.</ref> seu spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria. Ipsi praedixerunt vertiginem corporis massivi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tensor metricus (relativitas generalis)|metricam spatitemporis|en|qid=Q2045231}} sic distorquere, ut omnes [[orbita]]e interiores cogerentur [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Talis effectus in [[mechanica Newtoniana]] omnino abest; ibidem quidem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|campus gravitationalis||en|qid=Q558066}} e massa tantum corporis, non e [[rotatio]]ne, dependet. Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus est tenuissimus: fere una pars in pluribus trillionibus partium; ut detegatur, corpus valde massivum spectandum est, vel [[instrumentum]] sensibilissimum est excogitandum. == Effectūs == {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria}} Secundum principia relativitatis generalis (vel similium theoriarum), effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus patescit prope corpora massiva volventia. Sub hoc effectu, [[systema relationum]] quo [[horologium]] celerrime decurrit est illud quod, ut a spectatore remoto visum, circa corpus massivum circumagit rotationis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}} eius sequens. Ex hoc etiam sequitur iuxta corpus massivum [[lux|lucem]] transituram esse citius eādem directione ac rotatione iactam quam rotationi adversam (erga observatores remotos). Praesertim post experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'', hic innotuit celeberrimus effectus tractionis spatii temporisque. In similitudine cum electromagnetismo, spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|inductio electromagnetica|inductione electromagnetica|en|qid=Q988780}} comparari potest. Regiones interiores magis trahuntur quam exteriores, ergo plura “systemata relationum localiter volventia” e tali campo gradienti oriuntur. Exempli gratia, concedatur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pattinator|pattinatricem|en|qid=Q1259045}} circa [[circulus aequinoctialis|circulum aequinoctialem]]em cuiusdam [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]], capite ad [[septentriones]] pedibusque ad [[Meridies (pars caeli)|meridiem]] versis, in quiete rotatoria erga {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellas fixas|en|qid=Q430297}} iacentem, circumagere in orbita; si [[bracchium|bracchia]] extendat, inductionis gravitimagneticae causā, bracchium quod ad foramen nigrum vergit in directionem rotationis torqueatur, alterum autem in directionem contrariam; ergo pattinatrix directione foramini nigro adversā (seu directione retrograda) rotet. [[Fasciculus:Epicyclic Gearing Stationary Ring.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Apparatus epicyclicus seu planetarius. Rota flava appellatur “rota solaris”, rotae caeruleae “rotae planetariae” appellantur, et rota rubra appellatur “rota anularis”.]] Est quaedam [[velocitas angularis]] peculiaris, qua si pattinatrix iam rotabatur dum bracchia expandidit, effectūs inertiales et tractio spatii temporisque se invicem sic compensant ut nulla mutatio observetur velocitatis angularis. Secundum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}}, effectūs locales [[vis gravitatis|gravitatis]] ab [[inertia|effectibus inertiae]] distingui non possunt; nulla re in extensione bracchiorum tali velocitate eveniente, hoc igitur est pattinatricis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systema relationum quiescens|en|qid=Q192735}} (non volvens). Memorandum est tale systema revolvere erga stellas fixas, rotationi foraminis nigri adversum. Aliquid simile etiam in [[Principium Machianum|Principio Machiano]] invenitur, secundum quod systema relationum locale e distributione massae in toto [[Universum|Universo]] pendet.<ref>{{qc|Sciama, 1953}}</ref> Naturale est hoc cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|apparatus epicyclicus|apparatu epicyclico|en|qid=Q82412}} [[rota dentata|rotarum dentatarum]] comparare, in quo foramen nigrum est rota solaris, pattinatrix rota planetaria, et Universum externum rota anularis. Effectus similis (attamen electromagneticus) est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura subtilissima||en|qid=Q1413102}} in spectris atomicis, quae e [[vertigo quantica|vertigine]] [[nucleus atomi|nucleari]] oritur. Insuper, talis effectus facit ut corpus in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita aequinoctialis|orbita aequinoctiali|en|qid=Q3884974}}, sed non in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|liberus casus|libero casu|en|qid=Q140028}}, massivo corpori centrali videatur gravius si directione retrograda rotatur quam si rotatur directione prograda. Exempli gratia, rota super circulum aequinoctialem suspensa aestimabitur massā graviore si directione retrograda volvit quam si prograda. Caveatur tamen tractionem spatitemporalem nec accelerare neque retardare rotam, non esse quidem [[viscositas|viscositati]] similem. Item, quoddam [[pendulum]] super [[planeta]]m volventem pendens non inclinabitur, sed ad [[perpendiculum]] manebitur. Attamen, si cadere incipiat, nonnullus [[motus|motus]] rotatorius casui eius inducatur. Ultro, si quaedam rota, secus planum aequinoctialem suspensa, ibidem cadat, celerius celeriusque retrograde rotari incipiat, licet nec ullam [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] neque ullam mutationem in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momento angulari|en|qid=Q161254}} experiatur. {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio linearis}} E relativitate generali consequitur similem effectum et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|motus linearis|linearem|en|qid=Q2035846}} afficere motum. Nihilominus, licet e theoria solide fluat, difficultas eius in Universo observandi vel per experimenta comprobandi facit ut per commentaria minus tractetur vel saepe omittatur (sed {{*cfr}} {{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}). {{tp|Incrementum stativum massae}} Tertius effectus ab ipso Einstein in eodem commentario<ref name="einstein-1921">{{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}</ref> notatus in hoc consistit, quod {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|massa inertialis||es|qid=Q843816}} augetur quum corpus prope alias massas adiacet. Quamquam effectus non ad tractionem proprie pertineat, ab eadem aequatione relativitatis generalis derivatur. Hic quoque est effectus tenuissimus atque per experimenta difficillimus probatu. == Derivatio mathematica == Spatii temporisque tractio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Kerriana|metricā Kerrianā|en|qid=Q1068747}} bene explicari potest,<ref name="kerr_1963">{{Opus | nomen = Roy Patrick Kerr | cognomen = Kerr | titulus = Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics | contextus = Physical Review Letters | commentatio de contextu = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 237–238 | annus = 1963 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 | bibcode = 1963PhRvL..11..237K }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Landau | nomen auctoris 1 = Leo Davidis | commentatio de auctore 1 = Leo Landau | cognomen auctoris 2 = Lifshitz | nomen auctoris 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich | commentatio de auctore 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich Lifshitz | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = The Classical Theory of Fields | contextus = Course of Theoretical Physics | volumen = 2 | annus = 1975 | editio = 4 | isbn = 978-0-08-018176-9 | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] | paginae = 321–330 }}.</ref> quae [[geometria]]m continui spatitemporalis prope massam {{mvar|M}}, cui sit momentum angulare {{mvar|J}}, per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae Boyerianae–Lindquistanae|coordinatas Boyerianas–Lindquistanas|en|qid=Q2996687}} sic describit: : <math>\begin{align} c^{2} d\tau^{2} =& \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s} r}{\rho^{2}} \right) c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{\Lambda^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} \\ & {} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} + \frac{r_{s} r \alpha^{2}}{\rho^{2}} \sin^{2} \theta \right) \sin^{2} \theta \ d\phi^{2} + \frac{2r_{s} r\alpha c \sin^{2} \theta }{\rho^{2}} d\phi dt \end{align}</math> In tali formula {{mvar|r_s}} est [[radius Schwarzschildianus]], : <math> r_{s} = \frac{2GM}{c^{2}} </math> atque hae quantitates introductae sunt compendia: : <math> \alpha = \frac{J}{Mc} </math> : <math> \rho^{2} = r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \cos^{2} \theta\,\! </math> : <math> \Lambda^{2} = r^{2} - r_{s} r + \alpha^{2}\,\! </math> Intra limitem non relativisticum, [[quantitas variabilis|quantitate variabili]] {{mvar|M}} (vel similiter {{mvar|r_s}}) ad [[0|nihil]] tendente, metrică Kerriana fit metrica una ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae sphaeroidales oblongae|coordinatas sphaeroidales oblongas|en|qid=Q11075615}} orthogonalis: : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{r^{2} + \alpha^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) \sin^{2}\theta d\phi^{2} </math> Ergo metrica Kerriana et per hanc aequationem rescribi potest, : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = \left( g_{tt} - \frac{g_{t\phi}^{2}}{g_{\phi\phi}} \right) dt^{2} + g_{rr} dr^{2} + g_{\theta\theta} d\theta^{2} + g_{\phi\phi} \left( d\phi + \frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} dt \right)^{2} </math> quae illi systemati relationum congruit quod conrotatur velocitate angulari {{math|Ω}}, tam e [[radius (geometria)|radio]] {{mvar|r}} quam e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|collatitudo|collatitudine|en|qid=Q962585}} {{mvar|θ}} dependente, : <math> \Omega = -\frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} = \frac{r_{s} \alpha r c}{\rho^{2} \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) + r_{s} \alpha^{2} r \sin^{2}\theta} </math> et quae in [[circulus aequinoctialis|plano aequinoctiali]] hocmodo fit simplicius:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Tartaglia | nomen auctoris = Angelus | titulus = Detection of the gravitometric clock effect | annus = 2008 | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 17 | fasciculus = 4 | paginae = 783–792 | s2cid = 9356721 | arxiv = gr-qc/9909006 | bibcode = 2000CQGra..17..783T | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/17/4/304 }}.</ref> : <math> \Omega = \frac{r_{s} \alpha c}{r^{3} + \alpha^{2} r + r_{s} \alpha^{2}} </math> Sic massa volvens ad suam rotationem omnia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata relationum inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} trahit: haec est spatii temporisque tractio. [[Fasciculus:Ergosphere_and_event_horizon_of_a_rotating_black_hole_(no_animation).gif|thumb|upright=1|Duae [[superficies]] ubi [[metrica Kerriana]] videtur singularitates ostendere; interior est [[horizon eventuum]], sphaeroidi oblongo similis, exterior vero [[cucurbita]]e similis.<ref name="visser">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Visser | nomen auctoris = Matthaeus | titulus = The Kerr spacetime: A brief introduction | tempus = 2008-01-15 | pagina = 35 | url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.0622v3 | contextus = arXiv General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology | url contextus = https://arxiv.org/archive/gr-qc | arxiv = 0706.0622v3 }}.</ref><ref name="blundell">{{Opus | cognomen auctricis = Blundell | nomen auctricis = Catharina | titulus = Black Holes: A Very Short Introduction | annus = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ | pagina = 31 | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ&dq=ergosphere+pumpkin&pg=PA31 }}.</ref> [[Ergosphaera]] inter has duas superficies iacet; intra hoc [[volumen]], pars metrica {{mvar|g_tt}} fit negativa, id est sicut pars spatialis se gerit. Inde sequitur particulis intra ergosphaeram unā cum massa interiori volvendum esse, si naturam temporalem servare volunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Retrograde entry into the ergospere of a rotating black hole.gif|thumb|Particula ergosphaerae retrograde appropinquans cogitur suam directionem invertere.]] Forma immanissima spatii temporisque tractio intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminis nigri volventis]] incurritur. In metrica quidem Kerriana sunt duae superficies quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|singularitas (mathematica)|singulares|en|qid=Q863349}} esse videntur. Interior quarum [[horizon eventuum|horizonti eventuum]] sphaerico congruit illius simili quem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Schwarzschildiana||en|qid=Q742969}} describit, : <math> r_\text{interior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2}}}{2} </math> quo pars radialis pura {{mvar|g_rr}} fit [[infinitas|infinita]]. Superficies exterior, quum vertigo sit parva {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides oblongus|sphaeroidi oblongo|pt|qid=Q3241540}} similis, quum autem vertigo sit magna [[cucurbita]]e similis apparet.<ref name=visser /><ref name=blundell /> Haec superficies interiorem illam attingit in [[polus|polis]], quibus collatitudo {{mvar|θ}} fit [[0|zerus]] aut {{mvar/pi}}. In coordinatis Boyerianis–Lindquistanis eius radius definitur per formulam: : <math> r_\text{exterior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2} \cos^{2}\theta}}{2} </math> ubi pars temporalis pura {{mvar|g_tt}} suum [[signum (numeri)|signum]] a positivo ad negativum vertit. Spatium inter has duas superficies appellatur [[ergosphaera]]. Particula quae movetur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus proprium||en|qid=Q1056595}} positivum in sua {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|linea universi||en|qid=Q856292}}—seu in sua via per continuum spatitemporale—experiri solet. Hoc tamen intra ergosphaeram—ubi pars {{mvar|g_tt}} semper negativa est—evenire licet dummodo particula unā cum massa centrali {{mvar|M}} saltem velocitate {{math|Ω}} conrotetur. Sicut supra ostenditur, memorandum est spatii temporisque tractionem circa quamlibet massam volventem, apud quemlibet radium {{mvar|r}} et in qualibet collatitudine {{mvar|θ}} evenire, non tantummodo intra ergosphaeram foraminis nigri. === De effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano intra sphaeram volventem === [[Praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus]] ab Alberto Einstein habitus est non solum testis, sed etiam probatio [[principium Machianum|principii Machiani]]; sic e litteris patet quas ad [[Ernestus Mach|Ernestum Mach]] anno [[1913]] misit (quinque annis ante opus Iosephi Lense et Ioannis Thirring, et duobus annis antequam formam ultimam [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] perficeret). {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Carolus Gulielmus Misner|Carolus Misner|en|qid=Q364238}}, [[Kip Thorne]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Archibaldus Wheeler|Ioannes Wheeler|en|qid=Q202631}} in suo libro {{Op|De gravitatione}} epistulas Einsteinianas tradiderunt.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-2017-21.5-544">{{qc|id=Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 2017}}, fig. 21.5, p. 544.</ref> Effectus ad distantias [[cosmologia|cosmologicas]] extensum a nonnullis auctoribus adhuc hodie adhibetur probatio principii Machiani.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-2017-21.5-544" /> Intra globum sphaericum volventem [[acceleratio]] ob effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum sic patescit:<ref name="phister-2005">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Pfister | nomen auctoris = Herbertus | titulus = On the history of the so-called Lense–Thirring effect | annus = 2005 | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 39 | fasciculus = 11 | paginae = 1735–1748 | url = http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00002681/ | s2cid = 22593373 | bibcode = 2007GReGr..39.1735P | citeseerx = 10.1.1.693.4061 | doi = 10.1007/s10714-007-0521-4 }}.</ref> : <math> \bar{a} = -2d_1 \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar v \right) - d_2 \left[ \bar{ \omega} \times \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar{r} \right) + 2\left( \bar{ \omega}\bar{r} \right) \bar{ \omega} \right] </math> ubi [[coëfficiens|coëfficientes]] sunt: : <math>\begin{align} d_1 &= \frac{4MG}{3Rc^2} \\ d_2 &= \frac{4MG}{15Rc^2} \end{align}</math> si {{math|1={{mvar|MG}} ≪ {{mvar|Rc}}²}}; vel accuratius: : <math> d_1 = \frac{4 \alpha(2 - \alpha)}{(1 + \alpha)(3- \alpha)}, \qquad \alpha=\frac{MG}{2Rc^2} </math> Continuum spatitemporale intra [[sphaera]]m volventem non erit planum. Hoc quidem fieri potest planum tantummodo si corpus a forma sphaerica paulo deviare potest et eius densitas potest variari.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Pfister | nomen auctoris 1 = Herbertus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Braun | nomen auctoris 2 = H. K. | titulus = Induction of correct centrifugal force in a rotating mass shell | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 2 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 1985 | paginae = 909–918 | s2cid = 250883114 | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/2/6/015 | bibcode = 1985CQGra...2..909P }}.</ref> == Experimenta == Anno [[1976]], [[Ricardus A. Van Patten]] et [[Franciscus W. Everitt]] missionem proposuerunt quae, per binos [[satelles artificialis|satellites]] in contrariis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita polaris|orbitis polaribus|en|qid=Q746711}} circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] positos atque apparatibus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Satelles frictione privus|frictione privis|en|qid=Q8069443}} instructos, praecessionem Lensianam–Thirringianam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nodus orbitalis|nodorum orbitalium|en|qid=Q507546}} metiretur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = Possible Experiment with Two Counter-Orbiting Drag-Free Satellites to Obtain a New Test of Einsteins's General Theory of Relativity and Improved Measurements in Geodesy | contextus = Physical Review Letters | annus = 1976 | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 12 | paginae = 629–632 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.629 | s2cid = 120984879 | bibcode = 1976PhRvL..36..629V }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = A possible experiment with two counter-rotating drag-free satellites to obtain a new test of Einstein's general theory of relativity and improved measurements in geodesy | contextus = Celestial Mechanics | fasciculus = 4 | volumen = 13 | annus = 1976 | paginae = 429–447 | doi = 10.1007/BF01229096 | s2cid = 121577510 | bibcode = 1976CeMec..13..429V }}</ref> Anno [[1986]], simile experimentum, attamen minus sumptuosum, ab [[Ignatius Ciufolini|Ignatio Ciufolini]] excogitatum est:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Ciufolini | nomen = I. | titulus = Measurement of Lense–Thirring Drag on High-Altitude Laser-Ranged Artificial Satellites | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 56 | fasciculus = 4 | annus = 1986 | paginae = 278–281 | bibcode = 1986PhRvL..56..278C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.278 | pmid = 10033146 }}</ref> is enim proposuit satellitem passivum geodeticum in eandem orbitam ac illam satellitis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}} immittere—qui anno [[1976]] missus erat—sed in hoc dissimilem, quod plani orbitales graduum 180 verterentur, in formatione quae vulgo “papilionis” appellatur. Hoc in casu, quantitas metienda esset summa nodorum satellitis LAGEOS et novi vehiculi, quod postea variis nominibus appellatum est: [[LAGEOS III]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}, WEBER-SAT. Animis ad satellites iam in orbita restrictis, biennio [[1977]]–[[1978]], per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Telemetria laserica ad satellites versa|telemetriam lasericam|en|qid=Q1413924}} ad LAGEOS satellites versam, primum propositum effectūs Lensiani–Thirringiani metiendi ortum est.<ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 1978A&A....69..321C | cognomen 1 = Cugusi | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Proverbio | nomen 2 = E. | titulus = Relativistic Effects on the Motion of Earth's Artificial Satellites | contextus = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volumen = 69 | annus = 1978 | pagina = 321 }}</ref> Tentamina efficaciter incohata sunt anno [[1996]], quum satellites LAGEOS et [[LAGEOS II]] secundum ea rationem adhiberentur qua apta combinatio nodorum amborum satellitum et [[Perigaeum|perigaei]] satellitis LAGEOS II usurparetur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Lucchesi | nomen 2 = D. | cognomen 3 = Vespe | nomen 3 = F. | cognomen 4 = Mandiello | nomen 4 = A. | titulus = Measurement of dragging of inertial frames and gravitomagnetic field using laser-ranged satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 575–590 | doi = 10.1007/BF02731140 | s2cid = 124860519 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109..575C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | titulus = On a new method to measure the gravitomagnetic field using two orbiting satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 12 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 1709–1720 | doi = 10.1007/BF02773551 | s2cid = 120415056 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109.1709C }}</ref> Inter annos [[2004]] et [[2006]] alia experimenta acta sunt quibus, perigaeo satellitis LAGEOS II omisso et combinatione lineari adhibita, effectus ultro investigatus est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E. C. | titulus = A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense–Thirring effect | contextus = Nature | commentatio de contextu = Nature | volumen = 431 | fasciculus = 7011 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 958–960 | pmid = 15496915 | s2cid = 4423434 | doi = 10.1038/nature03007 | bibcode = 2004Natur.431..958C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E.C. | cognomen 3 = Peron | nomen 3 = R. | titulus = Determination of frame-dragging using Earth gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 8 | annus = 2006 | paginae = 527–550 | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2006.02.001 | bibcode = 2006NewA...11..527C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Morea | nomen 2 = A. | titulus = The Impact of the New Earth Gravity Models on the Measurement of the Lense-Thirring Effect | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 1321–1333 | arxiv = gr-qc/0304011 | bibcode = 2004GReGr..36.1321I | s2cid = 119098428 | doi = 10.1023/B:GERG.0000022390.05674.99 }}</ref> In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Litterae scientificae|litteris scientificis|en|qid=Q12042160}} accurata recensio omnium tentaminum quibus, ope satellitum artificialium, conatum est effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum metiri anno [[2013]] edita est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2013 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref> Generalis tamen accuratio talium tentaminum LAGEOS satellites adhibentium hactenus obnoxia est controversiis.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | titulus = Some reflections on the Lageos frame-dragging experiment in view of recent data analyses | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 29 | annus = 2014 | paginae = 25–27 | bibcode = 2014NewA...29...25R | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2013.10.008 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Lichtenegger | nomen 2 = H. I. M. | cognomen 3 = Ruggiero | nomen 3 = M. L. | cognomen 4 = Corda | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Phenomenology of the Lense-Thirring effect in the solar system | contextus = Astrophysics and Space Science | volumen = 331 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2011 | paginae = 351–395 | doi = 10.1007/s10509-010-0489-5 | s2cid = 119206212 | arxiv = 1009.3225 | bibcode = 2011Ap&SS.331..351I }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 2011EPJP..126...72C | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Ries | nomen 4 = J. | cognomen 5 = Koenig | nomen 5 = R. | cognomen 6 = Matzner | nomen 6 = R. | cognomen 7 = Sindoni | nomen 7 = G. | cognomen 8 = Neumeyer | nomen 8 = H. | titulus = Testing gravitational physics with satellite laser ranging | contextus = The European Physical Journal Plus | volumen = 126 | fasciculus = 8 | pagina = 72 | annus = 2011 | doi = 10.1140/epjp/i2011-11072-2 | s2cid = 122205903 }}</ref> Experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'' fuit [[volatus spatialis|missio spatialis]] a grege [[Universitas Stanfordiensis|Universitatis Stanfordiensis]] et [[NASA]] suscepta, qua alius effectus gravitimagneticus, nempe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Schiffiana||d|qid=Q7258953}} [[gyroscopium|gyroscopii]], usque ad accurationem circa {{Centesimae|1|gen}}, vel etiam meliorem, metiendus erat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris = Bertotti | nomen redactoris = B. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | annus = 1974 | contextus = Proc. Int. School Phys. “Enrico Fermi” Course LVI | paginae = 331–360 | domus editoria = New Academic Press | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 439–468 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Everitt | nomen 1 = C. W. F. | cognomen 2 = Buchman | nomen 2 = Saps | cognomen 3 = DeBra | nomen 3 = D. B. | cognomen 4 = Keiser | nomen 4 = G. M. | cognomen 5 = Lockhart | nomen 5 = J. M. | cognomen 6 = Muhlfelder | nomen 6 = B. | cognomen 7 = Parkinson | nomen 7 = B. W. | cognomen 8 = Turneaure | nomen 8 = J. P. | auctor 9 = Grex ''Gravity Probe B'' | cognomen redactoris 1 = Laemmerzahl | nomen redactoris 1 = C. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Everitt | nomen redactoris 2 = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 3 = Hehl | nomen redactoris 3 = F. W. | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Countdown to Launch | tempus = 2001-01-01 | contextus = Gyros, Clocks, Interferometers…: Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space | paginae = 52–82 | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 562 | domus editoria = Springer Nature | doi = 10.1007/3-540-40988-2_4 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | annus = 1959 | contextus = WSEG, Research Memorandum No. 11 }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 414–426 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Leonardus I. | nomen = Schiff | titulus = On Experimental Tests of the General Theory of Relativity | contextus = American Journal of Physics | volumen = 28 | annus = 1960 | paginae = 340–343 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ries | nomen 1 = J. C. | cognomen 2 = Eanes | nomen 2 = R. J. | cognomen 3 = Tapley | nomen 3 = B. D. | cognomen 4 = Peterson | nomen 4 = G. E. | titulus = Prospects for an improved Lense–Thirring test with SLR and the GRACE gravity mission | contextus = Proceedings of the 13th International Laser Ranging Workshop NASA CP 2003 | annus = 2003 | url = https://cddis.nasa.gov/lw13/docs/presentations/sci_ries_1p.pdf }}.</ref> Infeliciter, talis accuratio numquam attingi potuit. Nam primae relationes de experimento, mense [[Aprilis|Aprili]] [[2007]] editae, accurationem inter {{centesimae|256|acc}} et {{centesimae|128|acc}} aestimaverunt, sperantes tamen ante mensem [[December|Decembrem]] [[2007]] accurationem circa {{centesimae|13|gen}} attactum iri.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Muhlfelder | nomen 1 = B. | cognomen 2 = Mac Keiser | nomen 2 = G. | cognomen 3 = Turneaure | nomen 3 = J. | titulus = poster L1.00027 | annus = 2007 }}, presented at the American Physical Society (APS) meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on 14–17 April.</ref><ref>{{Opus | domus editoria = einstein.stanford.edu | tempus inspectionis = 2019-09-27 | titulus = StanfordNews 4/14/07 | url = https://einstein.stanford.edu/content/press_releases/SU/pr-aps-041807.pdf }}.</ref> Anno [[2008]] relatio officialis Divisionis Astrophysicae [[NASA]] ([[Anglice]] ''NASA Astrophysics Division Operating Missions'') aestimavit parum verisimile fore gregem missionis errores ad gradum tam humilem reducere ut quodlibet argumentum persuasivum de partibus [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] nondum probatis (inter quas et spatii temporisque tractio erat) ferri posset.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Report of the 2008 Senior Review of the Astrophysics Division Operating Missions | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | retrospectio = 20080921103646 | tempus inspectionis = 2009-03-20 | url = http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/about-us/science-strategy/senior-reviews/AstroSR08_Report.pdf | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Hecht | nomen = Jeff | titulus = Gravity Probe B scores ‘F’ in NASA review | domus editoria = New Scientist | lingua = en-US | tempus inspectionis = 2023-09-17 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13938-gravity-probe-b-scores-f-in-nasa-review/ }}.</ref> Nihilominus, die [[4 Maii]] [[2011]], grex Stanfordiensis et NASA relationem ultimam ediderunt,<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B – MISSION STATUS | url = http://einstein.stanford.edu/highlights/status1.html }}.</ref> qua affirmaverunt effectum spatii temporis tractionis, intra errorem circa {{centesimae|19|gen}} et quantitate ab [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein]] praedictā in ipso medio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Intervallum fiduciae|intervallo fiduciae|en|qid=Q208498}} positā, probatum esse.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B finally pays off | retrospectio = 20120930181448 | tempus = 2013-09-23 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-07 | url = http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/73870/title/Gravity_Probe_B_finally_pays_off_ | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Final results of a space experiment to test general relativity | contextus = Physical Review Letters | retrospectio = 20120520054840 | tempus = 2011-05-01 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-06 | url = http://prl.aps.org/accepted/L/ea070Y8dQ491d22a28828c95f660a57ac82e7d8c0 | salus url = obiit }}.</ref> NASA quoque nuntiavit se triumphum in probatione spatii temporisque tractionis, per ''Gravity Probe B'' atque iterum per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|GRACE et GRACE-FO (satellites)|geminos satellites GRACE|en|qid=Q704319}}, assecutam esse; utraque proclamatio adhuc palam conspicua est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Perrotto | nomen 1 = Trent J. | titulus = Gravity Probe B | url = https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/gpb_results.html | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | locus = [[Washingtonia]]e | tempus inspectionis = 2019-08-23 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ramanujan | nomen 1 = Krishna | titulus = As World Turns it Drags Time and Space | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | tempus inspectionis = 23 August 2019 | url = https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/earth_drag.html }}.</ref> Insuper, alius grex investigatorum ex [[Italia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannia]], commentatione [[Recensio inter pares|inter pares recensa]] et deinde in ephemeride edita,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Koenig | nomen 4 = R. | cognomen 5 = Ries | nomen 5 = J. | cognomen 6 = Gurzadyan | nomen 6 = V. | cognomen 7 = Matzner | nomen 7 = R. | cognomen 8 = Penrose | nomen 8 = R. | cognomen 9 = Sindoni | nomen 9 = G. | cognomen 10 = Paris | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Khachatryan | nomen 11 = H. | cognomen 12 = Mirzoyan | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = A test of general relativity using the LARES and LAGEOS satellites and a GRACE Earth gravity model: Measurement of Earth's dragging of inertial frames | contextus = The European Physical Journal C | volumen = 76 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2016 | pagina = 120 | doi = 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3961-8 | arxiv = 1603.09674 | bibcode = 2016EPJC...76..120C | pmc = 4946852 | pmid = 27471430 }}.</ref> eandem probationem, ope interpretationis gravitatis e satellite GRACE orta, demonstravit. Omnia haec studia suaserunt ut ulterior investigatio, accuratius atque aliis theoriis gravitatis perspectis, perageretur. Apud [[stella]]s quae [[foramen nigrum supermassivum|supermassivum]] [[foramen nigrum volvens]] circumagunt propinquae, spatii temporisque tractio planum orbitale earum secundum axem rotationis foraminis nigri praecessare cogit. Hic effectus speratur intra paucos annos detectum iri stellas in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] per [[astrometria]]m observando.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Merritt | nomen 1 = D. | cognomen 2 = Alexander | nomen 2 = T. | cognomen 3 = Mikkola | nomen 3 = S. | cognomen 4 = Will | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Testing Properties of the Galactic Center Black Hole Using Stellar Orbits | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 81 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2010 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.062002 | article-number = 062002 | arxiv = 0911.4718 | bibcode = 2010PhRvD..81f2002M | s2cid = 118646069 }}.</ref> Ultro putatur, praecessiones orbitales binarum stellarum in diversis orbitis comparando, praeter ipsum momentum rotationis foraminis nigri metiendum, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theorema de calvitie|theorema de calvitie|fr|qid=Q1376515}} relativitatis generalis probari posse.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Will | nomen = C. | titulus = Testing the General Relativistic "No-Hair" Theorems Using the Galactic Center Black Hole Sagittarius A* | contextus = Astrophysical Journal Letters | volumen = 674 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2008 | paginae = L25–L28 | s2cid = 11685632 | doi = 10.1086/528847 | arxiv = 0711.1677 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...674L..25W }}.</ref> == Indicia astronomica == [[Iactus (astrophysica)|Iactūs relativistici]] testimonia de realitate spatii temporis tractionis praebere possunt. Nam [[vis|vires]] gravitimagneticae quae intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminum nigrorum volventium]] effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano gignuntur,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Extracting X rays, Ύ rays, and relativistic e⁻–e⁺ pairs from supermassive Kerr black holes using the Penrose mechanism | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 51 | fasciculus = 10 | annus = 1995 | paginae = 5387–5427 | pmid = 10018300 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.51.5387 | bibcode = 1995PhRvD..51.5387W }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Collimated escaping vortical polar e⁻–e⁺ jets intrinsically produced by rotating black holes and Penrose processes | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 611 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 952–963 | doi = 10.1086/422304 | s2cid = 1350543 | arxiv = astro-ph/0404135 | bibcode = 2004ApJ...611..952W }}.</ref> unā cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Processus Penrosianus|processu energiae extrahendae|en|qid=Q616172}} a [[Rogerius Penrose|Rogerio Penrose]] excogitato,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Penrose | nomen = R. | titulus = Gravitational collapse: The role of general relativity | contextus = Nuovo Cimento Rivista | volumen = 1 | annus = 1969 | fasciculus = Numero Speciale | paginae = 252–276 | bibcode = 1969NCimR...1..252P }}.</ref> adhibitae sunt ad lineamenta iactuum relativisticorum observata explicanda.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Gariel | nomen 1 = J. | cognomen 2 = MacCallum | nomen 2 = M. A. H. | cognomen 3 = Marcilhacy | nomen 3 = G. | cognomen 4 = Santos | nomen 4 = N. O. | titulus = Kerr geodesics, the Penrose process and jet collimation by a black hole | contextus = Astronomy & Physics | volumen = 515 | fasciculus = A15 | annus = 2010 | mensis = 6 | arxiv = gr-qc/0702123v1 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913678 }}.</ref> Theoria gravitimagnetica a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Reva Kay Williams||en|qid=Q17037114}} [[astrophysica]] [[Tennesia|Tennesiensi]] proposita plura ex his phaenomenis praedicit, inter quae numeranda sunt: particulae altissimae energiae (usque ad ordinem [[GeV]]) quas [[quasar]]ia et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus galacticus activus|nuclei galactici activi|en|qid=Q46587}} emittunt, extractio radiationis [[Roentgeniani radii|X]], [[Radiatio gamma|γ]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Parium creatio|parium relativisticorum electronum positronumque|en|qid=Q115238}}, iactūs in axem polarem collineati, necnon formatio iactuum qui asymmetrici sint erga planum orbitale. Ipse effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus observatus est in [[stella binaria|systemate binario]] quod e [[pumilio alba|pumilione alba]] massiva et [[pulsar]]e constat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Venkatraman Krishnan | nomen 1 = V. | cognomen 2 = Bailes | nomen 2 = M. | cognomen 3 = van Straten | nomen 3 = W. | cognomen 4 = Wex | nomen 4 = N. | cognomen 5 = Freire | nomen 5 = P. C. C. | cognomen 6 = Keane | nomen 6 = E. F. | cognomen 7 = Tauris | nomen 7 = T. M. | cognomen 8 = Rosado | nomen 8 = P. A. | cognomen 9 = Bhat | nomen 9 = N. D. R. | cognomen 10 = Flynn | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Jameson | nomen 11 = A. | cognomen 12 = Osłowski | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = Lense–Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system | contextus = Science | volumen = 367 | fasciculus = 5 | tempus = 2020-01-31 | paginae = 577–580 | arxiv = 2001.11405 | bibcode = 2020Sci...367..577V | doi = 10.1126/science.aax7007 | pmid = 32001656 | s2cid = 210966295 }}.</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Einstein, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Einstein | nomen auctoris = Albertus | commentatio de auctore = Albertus Einstein | titulus = The meaning of relativity | latine = Significatio relativitatis | contextus = The Stafford Little Lectures of Princeton University | url = https://lectures.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf296/files/2020-08/_Albert_Einstein__Brian_Greene__The_meaning_of_rel_BookZZ.org_.pdf | editio = 5 | annus primae editionis = 1921 | mensis primae editionis = 5 | url primae editionis = https://archive.org/details/meaningofrelativ00eins_0 | annus = 1970 | domus editoria = Princeton University Press | locus = [[Princetonia]]e }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Ginzburg | nomen = Vitalis Lazarevich | titulus = Artificial Satellites and the Theory of Relativity | paginae = 149–160 | contextus = Scientific American | commentatio de contextu = Scientific American | annus = 1959 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 200 | fasciculus = 5 | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0559-149 | bibcode = 1959SciAm.200e.149G }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lense & Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Lense | nomen 1 = Iosephus | cognomen 2 = Thirring | nomen 2 = Ioannes | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Über den Einfluss der Eigenrotation der Zentralkörper auf die Bewegung der Planeten und Monde nach der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | annus = 1918 | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | paginae = 156–163 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19..156L }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 2017 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 2017 | domus editoria = [[Princeton University Press]] | locus = [[Oxonia]]e | isbn = 9780691177793 }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = Iacobus | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | annus = 2013 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | doi-access = free }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1918 | titulus = Über die Wirkung rotierender ferner Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | latine = De effectu massarum volventium remotarum secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | pagina = 33 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19...33T }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1921 | titulus = Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ‘Über die Wirkung rotierender Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie’ | latine = De rebus corrigendis in mea commentatione ''De effectu massarum remotarum volventium secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana'' | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 22 | pagina = 29 | bibcode = 1921PhyZ...22...29T }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Ergosphaera]] * [[Foramen nigrum volvens]] * [[Iactus (astrophysica)]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]] * [[Relativitas generalis]] * [[Sagittarius A*]] * [[Spacellificatio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] {{div col end}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Frame-dragging|Spatii temporisque tractionem}} * {{Machina temporis interretialis|http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04351_time_drags.html|NASA Release: 04-351 As The World Turns, It Drags Space And Time|20080619060938}} {{Appendicula de hac pagina| {{Nuntium de pagina mensis|2|2026}} }} [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Foramina nigra]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] in8kfhy9zlx0qmafj8poue23ccvqcmx 3960316 3960315 2026-05-18T02:08:23Z Grufo 64423 De fontibus 3960316 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Frame-dragging-effect.svg|thumb|Spatii temporisque tractio circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] sic pingi potest.]] {{res|Spatii temporisque tractio}}<ref name="convertimus">Haec appellatio a Vicipaediano e lingua indigena in sermonem Latinum conversa est. Extra Vicipaediam huius locutionis testificatio vix inveniri potest.</ref> seu {{res|spatitemporis tractio}}<ref name="convertimus" /> est effectus in [[spatitempus|continuo spatitemporali]], [[relativitas generalis|theoriā relativitatis generalis]] [[Albertus Einstein|Alberti Einstein]] praevisus, qui e distributione haud stativa [[aequatio massae et energiae|massae energiaeque]] oritur. [[Campus physicus]] appellari solet stativus si in statu constanti manet, attamen [[corpus physicum|corpora]] quae ipsum campum gignunt mobilia esse possunt; exempli gratia, [[rotatio|volventia]]. [[Disciplina]] quae effectūs fluxuum [[massa]]e [[energia]]eque tractat {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|gravitielectromagnetismus||en|qid=Q1150290}} vocatur, quia [[electromagnetismus|electromagnetismo]] classico aliqua similis est. In ambitu relativitatis generalis, primus effectus ad spatii temporisque tractionem attinens a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iosephus Lense|Iosepho Lense|en|qid=Q86272}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Thirring|Ioanne Thirring|en|qid=Q84561}} [[physicus|physicis]] [[Austria|Austricis]] anno [[1918]] descriptus est, unde et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus|en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur,<ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Lense & Thirring, 1918}}.</ref><ref>{{qc|id=Thirring, 1921}}.</ref> seu spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria. Ipsi praedixerunt vertiginem corporis massivi {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Tensor metricus (relativitas generalis)|metricam spatitemporis|en|qid=Q2045231}} sic distorquere, ut omnes [[orbita]]e interiores cogerentur [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Talis effectus in [[mechanica Newtoniana]] omnino abest; ibidem quidem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|campus gravitationalis||en|qid=Q558066}} e massa tantum corporis, non e [[rotatio]]ne, dependet. Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus est tenuissimus: fere una pars in pluribus trillionibus partium; ut detegatur, corpus valde massivum spectandum est, vel [[instrumentum]] sensibilissimum est excogitandum. == Effectūs == {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria}} Secundum principia relativitatis generalis (vel similium theoriarum), effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus patescit prope corpora massiva volventia. Sub hoc effectu, [[systema relationum]] quo [[horologium]] celerrime decurrit est illud quod, ut a spectatore remoto visum, circa corpus massivum circumagit rotationis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|directio|directionem|en|qid=Q2151613}} eius sequens. Ex hoc etiam sequitur iuxta corpus massivum [[lux|lucem]] transituram esse citius eādem directione ac rotatione iactam quam rotationi adversam (erga observatores remotos). Praesertim post experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'', hic innotuit celeberrimus effectus tractionis spatii temporisque. In similitudine cum electromagnetismo, spatii temporisque tractio rotatoria cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|inductio electromagnetica|inductione electromagnetica|en|qid=Q988780}} comparari potest. Regiones interiores magis trahuntur quam exteriores, ergo plura “systemata relationum localiter volventia” e tali campo gradienti oriuntur. Exempli gratia, concedatur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pattinator|pattinatricem|en|qid=Q1259045}} circa [[circulus aequinoctialis|circulum aequinoctialem]]em cuiusdam [[foramen nigrum|foraminis nigri]], capite ad [[septentriones]] pedibusque ad [[Meridies (pars caeli)|meridiem]] versis, in quiete rotatoria erga {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellas fixas|en|qid=Q430297}} iacentem, circumagere in orbita; si [[bracchium|bracchia]] extendat, inductionis gravitimagneticae causā, bracchium quod ad foramen nigrum vergit in directionem rotationis torqueatur, alterum autem in directionem contrariam; ergo pattinatrix directione foramini nigro adversā (seu directione retrograda) rotet. [[Fasciculus:Epicyclic Gearing Stationary Ring.gif|thumb|upright=0.8|Apparatus epicyclicus seu planetarius. Rota flava appellatur “rota solaris”, rotae caeruleae “rotae planetariae” appellantur, et rota rubra appellatur “rota anularis”.]] Est quaedam [[velocitas angularis]] peculiaris, qua si pattinatrix iam rotabatur dum bracchia expandidit, effectūs inertiales et tractio spatii temporisque se invicem sic compensant ut nulla mutatio observetur velocitatis angularis. Secundum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}}, effectūs locales [[vis gravitatis|gravitatis]] ab [[inertia|effectibus inertiae]] distingui non possunt; nulla re in extensione bracchiorum tali velocitate eveniente, hoc igitur est pattinatricis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systema relationum quiescens|en|qid=Q192735}} (non volvens). Memorandum est tale systema revolvere erga stellas fixas, rotationi foraminis nigri adversum. Aliquid simile etiam in [[Principium Machianum|Principio Machiano]] invenitur, secundum quod systema relationum locale e distributione massae in toto [[Universum|Universo]] pendet.<ref>{{qc|Sciama, 1953}}</ref> Naturale est hoc cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|apparatus epicyclicus|apparatu epicyclico|en|qid=Q82412}} [[rota dentata|rotarum dentatarum]] comparare, in quo foramen nigrum est rota solaris, pattinatrix rota planetaria, et Universum externum rota anularis. Effectus similis (attamen electromagneticus) est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura subtilissima||en|qid=Q1413102}} in spectris atomicis, quae e [[vertigo quantica|vertigine]] [[nucleus atomi|nucleari]] oritur. Insuper, talis effectus facit ut corpus in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita aequinoctialis|orbita aequinoctiali|en|qid=Q3884974}}, sed non in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|liberus casus|libero casu|en|qid=Q140028}}, massivo corpori centrali videatur gravius si directione retrograda rotatur quam si rotatur directione prograda. Exempli gratia, rota super circulum aequinoctialem suspensa aestimabitur massā graviore si directione retrograda volvit quam si prograda. Caveatur tamen tractionem spatitemporalem nec accelerare neque retardare rotam, non esse quidem [[viscositas|viscositati]] similem. Item, quoddam [[pendulum]] super [[planeta]]m volventem pendens non inclinabitur, sed ad [[perpendiculum]] manebitur. Attamen, si cadere incipiat, nonnullus [[motus|motus]] rotatorius casui eius inducatur. Ultro, si quaedam rota, secus planum aequinoctialem suspensa, ibidem cadat, celerius celeriusque retrograde rotari incipiat, licet nec ullam [[vis centrifuga|vim centrifugam]] neque ullam mutationem in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momento angulari|en|qid=Q161254}} experiatur. {{tp|Spatii temporisque tractio linearis}} E relativitate generali consequitur similem effectum et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|motus linearis|linearem|en|qid=Q2035846}} afficere motum. Nihilominus, licet e theoria solide fluat, difficultas eius in Universo observandi vel per experimenta comprobandi facit ut per commentaria minus tractetur vel saepe omittatur (sed {{*cfr}} {{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}). {{tp|Incrementum stativum massae}} Tertius effectus ab ipso Einstein in eodem commentario<ref name="einstein-1921">{{qc|id=Einstein, 1921}}</ref> notatus in hoc consistit, quod {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|massa inertialis||es|qid=Q843816}} augetur quum corpus prope alias massas adiacet. Quamquam effectus non ad tractionem proprie pertineat, ab eadem aequatione relativitatis generalis derivatur. Hic quoque est effectus tenuissimus atque per experimenta difficillimus probatu. == Derivatio mathematica == Spatii temporisque tractio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Kerriana|metricā Kerrianā|en|qid=Q1068747}} bene explicari potest,<ref name="kerr_1963">{{Opus | nomen = Roy Patrick Kerr | cognomen = Kerr | titulus = Gravitational field of a spinning mass as an example of algebraically special metrics | contextus = Physical Review Letters | commentatio de contextu = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 237–238 | annus = 1963 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.11.237 | bibcode = 1963PhRvL..11..237K }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Landau | nomen auctoris 1 = Leo Davidis | commentatio de auctore 1 = Leo Landau | cognomen auctoris 2 = Lifshitz | nomen auctoris 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich | commentatio de auctore 2 = Eugenius Mikhailovich Lifshitz | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = The Classical Theory of Fields | contextus = Course of Theoretical Physics | volumen = 2 | annus = 1975 | editio = 4 | isbn = 978-0-08-018176-9 | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] | paginae = 321–330 }}.</ref> quae [[geometria]]m continui spatitemporalis prope massam {{mvar|M}}, cui sit momentum angulare {{mvar|J}}, per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae Boyerianae–Lindquistanae|coordinatas Boyerianas–Lindquistanas|en|qid=Q2996687}} sic describit: : <math>\begin{align} c^{2} d\tau^{2} =& \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s} r}{\rho^{2}} \right) c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{\Lambda^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} \\ & {} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} + \frac{r_{s} r \alpha^{2}}{\rho^{2}} \sin^{2} \theta \right) \sin^{2} \theta \ d\phi^{2} + \frac{2r_{s} r\alpha c \sin^{2} \theta }{\rho^{2}} d\phi dt \end{align}</math> In tali formula {{mvar|r_s}} est [[radius Schwarzschildianus]], : <math> r_{s} = \frac{2GM}{c^{2}} </math> atque hae quantitates introductae sunt compendia: : <math> \alpha = \frac{J}{Mc} </math> : <math> \rho^{2} = r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \cos^{2} \theta\,\! </math> : <math> \Lambda^{2} = r^{2} - r_{s} r + \alpha^{2}\,\! </math> Intra limitem non relativisticum, [[quantitas variabilis|quantitate variabili]] {{mvar|M}} (vel similiter {{mvar|r_s}}) ad [[0|nihil]] tendente, metrică Kerriana fit metrica una ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|coordinatae sphaeroidales oblongae|coordinatas sphaeroidales oblongas|en|qid=Q11075615}} orthogonalis: : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{r^{2} + \alpha^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) \sin^{2}\theta d\phi^{2} </math> Ergo metrica Kerriana et per hanc aequationem rescribi potest, : <math> c^{2} d\tau^{2} = \left( g_{tt} - \frac{g_{t\phi}^{2}}{g_{\phi\phi}} \right) dt^{2} + g_{rr} dr^{2} + g_{\theta\theta} d\theta^{2} + g_{\phi\phi} \left( d\phi + \frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} dt \right)^{2} </math> quae illi systemati relationum congruit quod conrotatur velocitate angulari {{math|Ω}}, tam e [[radius (geometria)|radio]] {{mvar|r}} quam e {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|collatitudo|collatitudine|en|qid=Q962585}} {{mvar|θ}} dependente, : <math> \Omega = -\frac{g_{t\phi}}{g_{\phi\phi}} = \frac{r_{s} \alpha r c}{\rho^{2} \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} \right) + r_{s} \alpha^{2} r \sin^{2}\theta} </math> et quae in [[circulus aequinoctialis|plano aequinoctiali]] hocmodo fit simplicius:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Tartaglia | nomen auctoris = Angelus | titulus = Detection of the gravitometric clock effect | annus = 2008 | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 17 | fasciculus = 4 | paginae = 783–792 | s2cid = 9356721 | arxiv = gr-qc/9909006 | bibcode = 2000CQGra..17..783T | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/17/4/304 }}.</ref> : <math> \Omega = \frac{r_{s} \alpha c}{r^{3} + \alpha^{2} r + r_{s} \alpha^{2}} </math> Sic massa volvens ad suam rotationem omnia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata relationum inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} trahit: haec est spatii temporisque tractio. [[Fasciculus:Ergosphere_and_event_horizon_of_a_rotating_black_hole_(no_animation).gif|thumb|upright=1|Duae [[superficies]] ubi [[metrica Kerriana]] videtur singularitates ostendere; interior est [[horizon eventuum]], sphaeroidi oblongo similis, exterior vero [[cucurbita]]e similis.<ref name="visser">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Visser | nomen auctoris = Matthaeus | titulus = The Kerr spacetime: A brief introduction | tempus = 2008-01-15 | pagina = 35 | url = https://arxiv.org/pdf/0706.0622v3 | contextus = arXiv General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology | url contextus = https://arxiv.org/archive/gr-qc | arxiv = 0706.0622v3 }}.</ref><ref name="blundell">{{Opus | cognomen auctricis = Blundell | nomen auctricis = Catharina | titulus = Black Holes: A Very Short Introduction | annus = 2015 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ | pagina = 31 | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=72nLCgAAQBAJ&dq=ergosphere+pumpkin&pg=PA31 }}.</ref> [[Ergosphaera]] inter has duas superficies iacet; intra hoc [[volumen]], pars metrica {{mvar|g_tt}} fit negativa, id est sicut pars spatialis se gerit. Inde sequitur particulis intra ergosphaeram unā cum massa interiori volvendum esse, si naturam temporalem servare volunt.]] [[Fasciculus:Retrograde entry into the ergospere of a rotating black hole.gif|thumb|Particula ergosphaerae retrograde appropinquans cogitur suam directionem invertere.]] Forma immanissima spatii temporisque tractio intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminis nigri volventis]] incurritur. In metrica quidem Kerriana sunt duae superficies quae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|singularitas (mathematica)|singulares|en|qid=Q863349}} esse videntur. Interior quarum [[horizon eventuum|horizonti eventuum]] sphaerico congruit illius simili quem {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|metrica Schwarzschildiana||en|qid=Q742969}} describit, : <math> r_\text{interior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2}}}{2} </math> quo pars radialis pura {{mvar|g_rr}} fit [[infinitas|infinita]]. Superficies exterior, quum vertigo sit parva {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|sphaeroides oblongus|sphaeroidi oblongo|pt|qid=Q3241540}} similis, quum autem vertigo sit magna [[cucurbita]]e similis apparet.<ref name=visser /><ref name=blundell /> Haec superficies interiorem illam attingit in [[polus|polis]], quibus collatitudo {{mvar|θ}} fit [[0|zerus]] aut {{mvar/pi}}. In coordinatis Boyerianis–Lindquistanis eius radius definitur per formulam: : <math> r_\text{exterior} = \frac{r_{s} + \sqrt{r_{s}^{2} - 4\alpha^{2} \cos^{2}\theta}}{2} </math> ubi pars temporalis pura {{mvar|g_tt}} suum [[signum (numeri)|signum]] a positivo ad negativum vertit. Spatium inter has duas superficies appellatur [[ergosphaera]]. Particula quae movetur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tempus proprium||en|qid=Q1056595}} positivum in sua {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|linea universi||en|qid=Q856292}}—seu in sua via per continuum spatitemporale—experiri solet. Hoc tamen intra ergosphaeram—ubi pars {{mvar|g_tt}} semper negativa est—evenire licet dummodo particula unā cum massa centrali {{mvar|M}} saltem velocitate {{math|Ω}} conrotetur. Sicut supra ostenditur, memorandum est spatii temporisque tractionem circa quamlibet massam volventem, apud quemlibet radium {{mvar|r}} et in qualibet collatitudine {{mvar|θ}} evenire, non tantummodo intra ergosphaeram foraminis nigri. === De effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano intra sphaeram volventem === [[Praecessio Lensiana–Thirringiana|Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus]] ab Alberto Einstein habitus est non solum testis, sed etiam probatio [[principium Machianum|principii Machiani]]; sic e litteris patet quas ad [[Ernestus Mach|Ernestum Mach]] anno [[1913]] misit (quinque annis ante opus Iosephi Lense et Ioannis Thirring, et duobus annis antequam formam ultimam [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] perficeret). {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Carolus Gulielmus Misner|Carolus Misner|en|qid=Q364238}}, [[Kip Thorne]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioannes Archibaldus Wheeler|Ioannes Wheeler|en|qid=Q202631}} in suo libro {{Op|De gravitatione}} epistulas Einsteinianas tradiderunt.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-1973-21.5-544">{{qc|id=Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, fig. 21.5, p. 544.</ref> Effectus ad distantias [[cosmologia|cosmologicas]] extensum a nonnullis auctoribus adhuc hodie adhibetur probatio principii Machiani.<ref name="misner-thorne-wheeler-1973-21.5-544" /> Intra globum sphaericum volventem [[acceleratio]] ob effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum sic patescit:<ref name="phister-2005">{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Pfister | nomen auctoris = Herbertus | titulus = On the history of the so-called Lense–Thirring effect | annus = 2005 | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 39 | fasciculus = 11 | paginae = 1735–1748 | url = http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/archive/00002681/ | s2cid = 22593373 | bibcode = 2007GReGr..39.1735P | citeseerx = 10.1.1.693.4061 | doi = 10.1007/s10714-007-0521-4 }}.</ref> : <math> \bar{a} = -2d_1 \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar v \right) - d_2 \left[ \bar{ \omega} \times \left( \bar{ \omega} \times \bar{r} \right) + 2\left( \bar{ \omega}\bar{r} \right) \bar{ \omega} \right] </math> ubi [[coëfficiens|coëfficientes]] sunt: : <math>\begin{align} d_1 &= \frac{4MG}{3Rc^2} \\ d_2 &= \frac{4MG}{15Rc^2} \end{align}</math> si {{math|1={{mvar|MG}} ≪ {{mvar|Rc}}²}}; vel accuratius: : <math> d_1 = \frac{4 \alpha(2 - \alpha)}{(1 + \alpha)(3- \alpha)}, \qquad \alpha=\frac{MG}{2Rc^2} </math> Continuum spatitemporale intra [[sphaera]]m volventem non erit planum. Hoc quidem fieri potest planum tantummodo si corpus a forma sphaerica paulo deviare potest et eius densitas potest variari.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Pfister | nomen auctoris 1 = Herbertus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Braun | nomen auctoris 2 = H. K. | titulus = Induction of correct centrifugal force in a rotating mass shell | contextus = Classical and Quantum Gravity | volumen = 2 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 1985 | paginae = 909–918 | s2cid = 250883114 | doi = 10.1088/0264-9381/2/6/015 | bibcode = 1985CQGra...2..909P }}.</ref> == Experimenta == Anno [[1976]], [[Ricardus A. Van Patten]] et [[Franciscus W. Everitt]] missionem proposuerunt quae, per binos [[satelles artificialis|satellites]] in contrariis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|orbita polaris|orbitis polaribus|en|qid=Q746711}} circum [[Tellus|Tellurem]] positos atque apparatibus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Satelles frictione privus|frictione privis|en|qid=Q8069443}} instructos, praecessionem Lensianam–Thirringianam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nodus orbitalis|nodorum orbitalium|en|qid=Q507546}} metiretur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = Possible Experiment with Two Counter-Orbiting Drag-Free Satellites to Obtain a New Test of Einsteins's General Theory of Relativity and Improved Measurements in Geodesy | contextus = Physical Review Letters | annus = 1976 | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 12 | paginae = 629–632 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.36.629 | s2cid = 120984879 | bibcode = 1976PhRvL..36..629V }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Van Patten | nomen 1 = R. A. | cognomen 2 = Everitt | nomen 2 = C. W. F. | titulus = A possible experiment with two counter-rotating drag-free satellites to obtain a new test of Einstein's general theory of relativity and improved measurements in geodesy | contextus = Celestial Mechanics | fasciculus = 4 | volumen = 13 | annus = 1976 | paginae = 429–447 | doi = 10.1007/BF01229096 | s2cid = 121577510 | bibcode = 1976CeMec..13..429V }}</ref> Anno [[1986]], simile experimentum, attamen minus sumptuosum, ab [[Ignatius Ciufolini|Ignatio Ciufolini]] excogitatum est:<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Ciufolini | nomen = I. | titulus = Measurement of Lense–Thirring Drag on High-Altitude Laser-Ranged Artificial Satellites | contextus = Physical Review Letters | volumen = 56 | fasciculus = 4 | annus = 1986 | paginae = 278–281 | bibcode = 1986PhRvL..56..278C | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.278 | pmid = 10033146 }}</ref> is enim proposuit satellitem passivum geodeticum in eandem orbitam ac illam satellitis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LAGEOS||en|qid=Q1797842}} immittere—qui anno [[1976]] missus erat—sed in hoc dissimilem, quod plani orbitales graduum 180 verterentur, in formatione quae vulgo “papilionis” appellatur. Hoc in casu, quantitas metienda esset summa nodorum satellitis LAGEOS et novi vehiculi, quod postea variis nominibus appellatum est: [[LAGEOS III]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|LARES||en|qid=Q427370}}, WEBER-SAT. Animis ad satellites iam in orbita restrictis, biennio [[1977]]–[[1978]], per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Telemetria laserica ad satellites versa|telemetriam lasericam|en|qid=Q1413924}} ad LAGEOS satellites versam, primum propositum effectūs Lensiani–Thirringiani metiendi ortum est.<ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 1978A&A....69..321C | cognomen 1 = Cugusi | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Proverbio | nomen 2 = E. | titulus = Relativistic Effects on the Motion of Earth's Artificial Satellites | contextus = Astronomy and Astrophysics | volumen = 69 | annus = 1978 | pagina = 321 }}</ref> Tentamina efficaciter incohata sunt anno [[1996]], quum satellites LAGEOS et [[LAGEOS II]] secundum ea rationem adhiberentur qua apta combinatio nodorum amborum satellitum et [[Perigaeum|perigaei]] satellitis LAGEOS II usurparetur.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Lucchesi | nomen 2 = D. | cognomen 3 = Vespe | nomen 3 = F. | cognomen 4 = Mandiello | nomen 4 = A. | titulus = Measurement of dragging of inertial frames and gravitomagnetic field using laser-ranged satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 575–590 | doi = 10.1007/BF02731140 | s2cid = 124860519 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109..575C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | titulus = On a new method to measure the gravitomagnetic field using two orbiting satellites | contextus = Il Nuovo Cimento A | volumen = 109 | fasciculus = 12 | annus = 1996 | paginae = 1709–1720 | doi = 10.1007/BF02773551 | s2cid = 120415056 | bibcode = 1996NCimA.109.1709C }}</ref> Inter annos [[2004]] et [[2006]] alia experimenta acta sunt quibus, perigaeo satellitis LAGEOS II omisso et combinatione lineari adhibita, effectus ultro investigatus est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E. C. | titulus = A confirmation of the general relativistic prediction of the Lense–Thirring effect | contextus = Nature | commentatio de contextu = Nature | volumen = 431 | fasciculus = 7011 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 958–960 | pmid = 15496915 | s2cid = 4423434 | doi = 10.1038/nature03007 | bibcode = 2004Natur.431..958C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Pavlis | nomen 2 = E.C. | cognomen 3 = Peron | nomen 3 = R. | titulus = Determination of frame-dragging using Earth gravity models from CHAMP and GRACE | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 8 | annus = 2006 | paginae = 527–550 | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2006.02.001 | bibcode = 2006NewA...11..527C }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Morea | nomen 2 = A. | titulus = The Impact of the New Earth Gravity Models on the Measurement of the Lense-Thirring Effect | contextus = General Relativity and Gravitation | volumen = 36 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 1321–1333 | arxiv = gr-qc/0304011 | bibcode = 2004GReGr..36.1321I | s2cid = 119098428 | doi = 10.1023/B:GERG.0000022390.05674.99 }}</ref> In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Litterae scientificae|litteris scientificis|en|qid=Q12042160}} accurata recensio omnium tentaminum quibus, ope satellitum artificialium, conatum est effectum Lensianum–Thirringianum metiri anno [[2013]] edita est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | annus = 2013 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref> Generalis tamen accuratio talium tentaminum LAGEOS satellites adhibentium hactenus obnoxia est controversiis.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = G. | titulus = Some reflections on the Lageos frame-dragging experiment in view of recent data analyses | contextus = New Astronomy | volumen = 29 | annus = 2014 | paginae = 25–27 | bibcode = 2014NewA...29...25R | doi = 10.1016/j.newast.2013.10.008 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Iorio | nomen 1 = L. | cognomen 2 = Lichtenegger | nomen 2 = H. I. M. | cognomen 3 = Ruggiero | nomen 3 = M. L. | cognomen 4 = Corda | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Phenomenology of the Lense-Thirring effect in the solar system | contextus = Astrophysics and Space Science | volumen = 331 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2011 | paginae = 351–395 | doi = 10.1007/s10509-010-0489-5 | s2cid = 119206212 | arxiv = 1009.3225 | bibcode = 2011Ap&SS.331..351I }}</ref><ref>{{Opus | bibcode = 2011EPJP..126...72C | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Ries | nomen 4 = J. | cognomen 5 = Koenig | nomen 5 = R. | cognomen 6 = Matzner | nomen 6 = R. | cognomen 7 = Sindoni | nomen 7 = G. | cognomen 8 = Neumeyer | nomen 8 = H. | titulus = Testing gravitational physics with satellite laser ranging | contextus = The European Physical Journal Plus | volumen = 126 | fasciculus = 8 | pagina = 72 | annus = 2011 | doi = 10.1140/epjp/i2011-11072-2 | s2cid = 122205903 }}</ref> Experimentum ''[[Gravity Probe B]]'' fuit [[volatus spatialis|missio spatialis]] a grege [[Universitas Stanfordiensis|Universitatis Stanfordiensis]] et [[NASA]] suscepta, qua alius effectus gravitimagneticus, nempe {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|praecessio Schiffiana||d|qid=Q7258953}} [[gyroscopium|gyroscopii]], usque ad accurationem circa {{Centesimae|1|gen}}, vel etiam meliorem, metiendus erat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris = Bertotti | nomen redactoris = B. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | annus = 1974 | contextus = Proc. Int. School Phys. “Enrico Fermi” Course LVI | paginae = 331–360 | domus editoria = New Academic Press | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novi Eboraci]] }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Everitt | nomen = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = The Gyroscope Experiment I. General Description and Analysis of Gyroscope Performance | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 439–468 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Everitt | nomen 1 = C. W. F. | cognomen 2 = Buchman | nomen 2 = Saps | cognomen 3 = DeBra | nomen 3 = D. B. | cognomen 4 = Keiser | nomen 4 = G. M. | cognomen 5 = Lockhart | nomen 5 = J. M. | cognomen 6 = Muhlfelder | nomen 6 = B. | cognomen 7 = Parkinson | nomen 7 = B. W. | cognomen 8 = Turneaure | nomen 8 = J. P. | auctor 9 = Grex ''Gravity Probe B'' | cognomen redactoris 1 = Laemmerzahl | nomen redactoris 1 = C. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Everitt | nomen redactoris 2 = C. W. F. | cognomen redactoris 3 = Hehl | nomen redactoris 3 = F. W. | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Countdown to Launch | tempus = 2001-01-01 | contextus = Gyros, Clocks, Interferometers…: Testing Relativistic Gravity in Space | paginae = 52–82 | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 562 | domus editoria = Springer Nature | doi = 10.1007/3-540-40988-2_4 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | annus = 1959 | contextus = WSEG, Research Memorandum No. 11 }}. Denuo impresserunt {{Opus | cognomen = Pugh | nomen = G. E. | cognomen redactoris 1 = Ruffini | nomen redactoris 1 = R. J. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Sigismondi | nomen redactoris 2 = C. | titulus = Proposal for a Satellite Test of the Coriolis Prediction of General Relativity | contextus = Nonlinear Gravitodynamics. The Lense–Thirring Effect | annus = 2003 | paginae = 414–426 | domus editoria = World Scientific }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Leonardus I. | nomen = Schiff | titulus = On Experimental Tests of the General Theory of Relativity | contextus = American Journal of Physics | volumen = 28 | annus = 1960 | paginae = 340–343 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ries | nomen 1 = J. C. | cognomen 2 = Eanes | nomen 2 = R. J. | cognomen 3 = Tapley | nomen 3 = B. D. | cognomen 4 = Peterson | nomen 4 = G. E. | titulus = Prospects for an improved Lense–Thirring test with SLR and the GRACE gravity mission | contextus = Proceedings of the 13th International Laser Ranging Workshop NASA CP 2003 | annus = 2003 | url = https://cddis.nasa.gov/lw13/docs/presentations/sci_ries_1p.pdf }}.</ref> Infeliciter, talis accuratio numquam attingi potuit. Nam primae relationes de experimento, mense [[Aprilis|Aprili]] [[2007]] editae, accurationem inter {{centesimae|256|acc}} et {{centesimae|128|acc}} aestimaverunt, sperantes tamen ante mensem [[December|Decembrem]] [[2007]] accurationem circa {{centesimae|13|gen}} attactum iri.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Muhlfelder | nomen 1 = B. | cognomen 2 = Mac Keiser | nomen 2 = G. | cognomen 3 = Turneaure | nomen 3 = J. | titulus = poster L1.00027 | annus = 2007 }}, presented at the American Physical Society (APS) meeting in Jacksonville, Florida, on 14–17 April.</ref><ref>{{Opus | domus editoria = einstein.stanford.edu | tempus inspectionis = 2019-09-27 | titulus = StanfordNews 4/14/07 | url = https://einstein.stanford.edu/content/press_releases/SU/pr-aps-041807.pdf }}.</ref> Anno [[2008]] relatio officialis Divisionis Astrophysicae [[NASA]] ([[Anglice]] ''NASA Astrophysics Division Operating Missions'') aestimavit parum verisimile fore gregem missionis errores ad gradum tam humilem reducere ut quodlibet argumentum persuasivum de partibus [[relativitas generalis|relativitatis generalis]] nondum probatis (inter quas et spatii temporisque tractio erat) ferri posset.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Report of the 2008 Senior Review of the Astrophysics Division Operating Missions | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | retrospectio = 20080921103646 | tempus inspectionis = 2009-03-20 | url = http://nasascience.nasa.gov/astrophysics/about-us/science-strategy/senior-reviews/AstroSR08_Report.pdf | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Hecht | nomen = Jeff | titulus = Gravity Probe B scores ‘F’ in NASA review | domus editoria = New Scientist | lingua = en-US | tempus inspectionis = 2023-09-17 | url = https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn13938-gravity-probe-b-scores-f-in-nasa-review/ }}.</ref> Nihilominus, die [[4 Maii]] [[2011]], grex Stanfordiensis et NASA relationem ultimam ediderunt,<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B – MISSION STATUS | url = http://einstein.stanford.edu/highlights/status1.html }}.</ref> qua affirmaverunt effectum spatii temporis tractionis, intra errorem circa {{centesimae|19|gen}} et quantitate ab [[Albertus Einstein|Einstein]] praedictā in ipso medio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Intervallum fiduciae|intervallo fiduciae|en|qid=Q208498}} positā, probatum esse.<ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B finally pays off | retrospectio = 20120930181448 | tempus = 2013-09-23 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-07 | url = http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/73870/title/Gravity_Probe_B_finally_pays_off_ | salus url = obiit }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | titulus = Gravity Probe B: Final results of a space experiment to test general relativity | contextus = Physical Review Letters | retrospectio = 20120520054840 | tempus = 2011-05-01 | tempus inspectionis = 2011-05-06 | url = http://prl.aps.org/accepted/L/ea070Y8dQ491d22a28828c95f660a57ac82e7d8c0 | salus url = obiit }}.</ref> NASA quoque nuntiavit se triumphum in probatione spatii temporisque tractionis, per ''Gravity Probe B'' atque iterum per {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|GRACE et GRACE-FO (satellites)|geminos satellites GRACE|en|qid=Q704319}}, assecutam esse; utraque proclamatio adhuc palam conspicua est.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Perrotto | nomen 1 = Trent J. | titulus = Gravity Probe B | url = https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/gpb/gpb_results.html | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | locus = [[Washingtonia]]e | tempus inspectionis = 2019-08-23 }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ramanujan | nomen 1 = Krishna | titulus = As World Turns it Drags Time and Space | domus editoria = [[NASA]] | tempus inspectionis = 23 August 2019 | url = https://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/lookingatearth/earth_drag.html }}.</ref> Insuper, alius grex investigatorum ex [[Italia]], [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannia]], commentatione [[Recensio inter pares|inter pares recensa]] et deinde in ephemeride edita,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Ciufolini | nomen 1 = I. | cognomen 2 = Paolozzi | nomen 2 = A. | cognomen 3 = Pavlis | nomen 3 = E. C. | cognomen 4 = Koenig | nomen 4 = R. | cognomen 5 = Ries | nomen 5 = J. | cognomen 6 = Gurzadyan | nomen 6 = V. | cognomen 7 = Matzner | nomen 7 = R. | cognomen 8 = Penrose | nomen 8 = R. | cognomen 9 = Sindoni | nomen 9 = G. | cognomen 10 = Paris | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Khachatryan | nomen 11 = H. | cognomen 12 = Mirzoyan | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = A test of general relativity using the LARES and LAGEOS satellites and a GRACE Earth gravity model: Measurement of Earth's dragging of inertial frames | contextus = The European Physical Journal C | volumen = 76 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 2016 | pagina = 120 | doi = 10.1140/epjc/s10052-016-3961-8 | arxiv = 1603.09674 | bibcode = 2016EPJC...76..120C | pmc = 4946852 | pmid = 27471430 }}.</ref> eandem probationem, ope interpretationis gravitatis e satellite GRACE orta, demonstravit. Omnia haec studia suaserunt ut ulterior investigatio, accuratius atque aliis theoriis gravitatis perspectis, perageretur. Apud [[stella]]s quae [[foramen nigrum supermassivum|supermassivum]] [[foramen nigrum volvens]] circumagunt propinquae, spatii temporisque tractio planum orbitale earum secundum axem rotationis foraminis nigri praecessare cogit. Hic effectus speratur intra paucos annos detectum iri stellas in [[centrum galacticum|media]] [[Via Lactea]] per [[astrometria]]m observando.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Merritt | nomen 1 = D. | cognomen 2 = Alexander | nomen 2 = T. | cognomen 3 = Mikkola | nomen 3 = S. | cognomen 4 = Will | nomen 4 = C. | titulus = Testing Properties of the Galactic Center Black Hole Using Stellar Orbits | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 81 | fasciculus = 6 | annus = 2010 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.81.062002 | article-number = 062002 | arxiv = 0911.4718 | bibcode = 2010PhRvD..81f2002M | s2cid = 118646069 }}.</ref> Ultro putatur, praecessiones orbitales binarum stellarum in diversis orbitis comparando, praeter ipsum momentum rotationis foraminis nigri metiendum, et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theorema de calvitie|theorema de calvitie|fr|qid=Q1376515}} relativitatis generalis probari posse.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Will | nomen = C. | titulus = Testing the General Relativistic "No-Hair" Theorems Using the Galactic Center Black Hole Sagittarius A* | contextus = Astrophysical Journal Letters | volumen = 674 | fasciculus = 1 | annus = 2008 | paginae = L25–L28 | s2cid = 11685632 | doi = 10.1086/528847 | arxiv = 0711.1677 | bibcode = 2008ApJ...674L..25W }}.</ref> == Indicia astronomica == [[Iactus (astrophysica)|Iactūs relativistici]] testimonia de realitate spatii temporis tractionis praebere possunt. Nam [[vis|vires]] gravitimagneticae quae intra [[ergosphaera]]m [[foramen nigrum volvens|foraminum nigrorum volventium]] effectu Lensiano–Thirringiano gignuntur,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Extracting X rays, Ύ rays, and relativistic e⁻–e⁺ pairs from supermassive Kerr black holes using the Penrose mechanism | contextus = Physical Review D | volumen = 51 | fasciculus = 10 | annus = 1995 | paginae = 5387–5427 | pmid = 10018300 | doi = 10.1103/PhysRevD.51.5387 | bibcode = 1995PhRvD..51.5387W }}.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Williams | nomen = R. K. | titulus = Collimated escaping vortical polar e⁻–e⁺ jets intrinsically produced by rotating black holes and Penrose processes | contextus = The Astrophysical Journal | volumen = 611 | fasciculus = 2 | annus = 2004 | paginae = 952–963 | doi = 10.1086/422304 | s2cid = 1350543 | arxiv = astro-ph/0404135 | bibcode = 2004ApJ...611..952W }}.</ref> unā cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Processus Penrosianus|processu energiae extrahendae|en|qid=Q616172}} a [[Rogerius Penrose|Rogerio Penrose]] excogitato,<ref>{{Opus | cognomen = Penrose | nomen = R. | titulus = Gravitational collapse: The role of general relativity | contextus = Nuovo Cimento Rivista | volumen = 1 | annus = 1969 | fasciculus = Numero Speciale | paginae = 252–276 | bibcode = 1969NCimR...1..252P }}.</ref> adhibitae sunt ad lineamenta iactuum relativisticorum observata explicanda.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Gariel | nomen 1 = J. | cognomen 2 = MacCallum | nomen 2 = M. A. H. | cognomen 3 = Marcilhacy | nomen 3 = G. | cognomen 4 = Santos | nomen 4 = N. O. | titulus = Kerr geodesics, the Penrose process and jet collimation by a black hole | contextus = Astronomy & Physics | volumen = 515 | fasciculus = A15 | annus = 2010 | mensis = 6 | arxiv = gr-qc/0702123v1 | doi = 10.1051/0004-6361/200913678 }}.</ref> Theoria gravitimagnetica a {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Reva Kay Williams||en|qid=Q17037114}} [[astrophysica]] [[Tennesia|Tennesiensi]] proposita plura ex his phaenomenis praedicit, inter quae numeranda sunt: particulae altissimae energiae (usque ad ordinem [[GeV]]) quas [[quasar]]ia et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|nucleus galacticus activus|nuclei galactici activi|en|qid=Q46587}} emittunt, extractio radiationis [[Roentgeniani radii|X]], [[Radiatio gamma|γ]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Parium creatio|parium relativisticorum electronum positronumque|en|qid=Q115238}}, iactūs in axem polarem collineati, necnon formatio iactuum qui asymmetrici sint erga planum orbitale. Ipse effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus observatus est in [[stella binaria|systemate binario]] quod e [[pumilio alba|pumilione alba]] massiva et [[pulsar]]e constat.<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Venkatraman Krishnan | nomen 1 = V. | cognomen 2 = Bailes | nomen 2 = M. | cognomen 3 = van Straten | nomen 3 = W. | cognomen 4 = Wex | nomen 4 = N. | cognomen 5 = Freire | nomen 5 = P. C. C. | cognomen 6 = Keane | nomen 6 = E. F. | cognomen 7 = Tauris | nomen 7 = T. M. | cognomen 8 = Rosado | nomen 8 = P. A. | cognomen 9 = Bhat | nomen 9 = N. D. R. | cognomen 10 = Flynn | nomen 10 = C. | cognomen 11 = Jameson | nomen 11 = A. | cognomen 12 = Osłowski | nomen 12 = S. | titulus = Lense–Thirring frame dragging induced by a fast-rotating white dwarf in a binary pulsar system | contextus = Science | volumen = 367 | fasciculus = 5 | tempus = 2020-01-31 | paginae = 577–580 | arxiv = 2001.11405 | bibcode = 2020Sci...367..577V | doi = 10.1126/science.aax7007 | pmid = 32001656 | s2cid = 210966295 }}.</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Einstein, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Einstein | nomen auctoris = Albertus | commentatio de auctore = Albertus Einstein | titulus = The meaning of relativity | latine = Significatio relativitatis | contextus = The Stafford Little Lectures of Princeton University | url = https://lectures.princeton.edu/sites/g/files/toruqf296/files/2020-08/_Albert_Einstein__Brian_Greene__The_meaning_of_rel_BookZZ.org_.pdf | editio = 5 | annus primae editionis = 1921 | mensis primae editionis = 5 | url primae editionis = https://archive.org/details/meaningofrelativ00eins_0 | annus = 1970 | domus editoria = Princeton University Press | locus = [[Princetonia]]e }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Ginzburg | nomen = Vitalis Lazarevich | titulus = Artificial Satellites and the Theory of Relativity | paginae = 149–160 | contextus = Scientific American | commentatio de contextu = Scientific American | annus = 1959 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 200 | fasciculus = 5 | doi = 10.1038/scientificamerican0559-149 | bibcode = 1959SciAm.200e.149G }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lense & Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Lense | nomen 1 = Iosephus | cognomen 2 = Thirring | nomen 2 = Ioannes | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Über den Einfluss der Eigenrotation der Zentralkörper auf die Bewegung der Planeten und Monde nach der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | annus = 1918 | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | paginae = 156–163 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19..156L }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Opus | cognomen = Renzetti | nomen = Iacobus | titulus = History of the attempts to measure orbital frame-dragging with artificial satellites | contextus = Central European Journal of Physics | annus = 2013 | mensis = 5 | volumen = 11 | fasciculus = 5 | paginae = 531–544 | bibcode = 2013CEJPh..11..531R | doi = 10.2478/s11534-013-0189-1 | doi-access = free }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1918 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1918 | titulus = Über die Wirkung rotierender ferner Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie | latine = De effectu massarum volventium remotarum secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 19 | pagina = 33 | bibcode = 1918PhyZ...19...33T }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Thirring, 1921 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Thirring | nomen = Ioannes | annus = 1921 | titulus = Berichtigung zu meiner Arbeit: ‘Über die Wirkung rotierender Massen in der Einsteinschen Gravitationstheorie’ | latine = De rebus corrigendis in mea commentatione ''De effectu massarum remotarum volventium secundum theoria gravitationis Einsteiniana'' | contextus = Physikalische Zeitschrift | volumen = 22 | pagina = 29 | bibcode = 1921PhyZ...22...29T }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Ergosphaera]] * [[Foramen nigrum volvens]] * [[Iactus (astrophysica)]] * [[Principium Machianum]] * [[Radius Schwarzschildianus]] * [[Relativitas generalis]] * [[Sagittarius A*]] * [[Spacellificatio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] {{div col end}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Frame-dragging|Spatii temporisque tractionem}} * {{Machina temporis interretialis|http://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2004/oct/HQ_04351_time_drags.html|NASA Release: 04-351 As The World Turns, It Drags Space And Time|20080619060938}} {{Appendicula de hac pagina| {{Nuntium de pagina mensis|2|2026}} }} [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Foramina nigra]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 60pez9snwtzmumobz1xjetal2cszz6y 0 319835 3960296 3911671 2026-05-18T00:30:24Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3960296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} {{Capsa situs interretialis | nomen = Didbān Iran | logo = | url = https://didbaniran.ir | genus = Situs nuntiorum | lingua = Persice | dominus = — | creator = [[Saʿīd Seif]] | dies incepta = 2015 }} '''Didbān Iran''' (Persice {{lang|fa|دیدبان ایران}}, sensu litterali ''"speculator Iraniae"'') est situs interretialis nuntiorum Persice editus, Teherani (in [[Teheranum]]) anno 2015 a [[Saʿīd Seif|Saʿīd Saif]] conditus, qui editor princeps est.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=تماس با دیدبان ایران – درباره ما |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/صفحه-تماس-با-دیدبان-ایران-درباره-ما-13 |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fa}}</ref> == Historia et profil == Anno 2023 (SH 1402) Ministerium Culturae et Doctrinae Islamicae Didbān Iran inter paginas nuntiorum Iraniae locum '''13''' dedit.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-01-01 |title=جدیدترین نتایج رتبه‌بندی پایگاه‌های خبری در سال 1402 |url=https://www.jamaran.news/بخش-بازنشر-59/1592467-جدیدترین-نتایج-رتبه-بندی-پایگاه-های-خبری-در-سال-1402 |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ranking list of Iranian news agencies in 2023 |url=https://static2.jamaran.news/servev2/OtO1dRFn8TiC/PBG64w6wfqErp47D1W9w0Jpfa8fpMiBcptkcLd6IQr4,/نتایج+ارزیابی+پنجمین+دوره+رتبه‌بندی+پایگاه‌های+خبری.pdf |access-date=2025-01-01}}</ref> == Interdictio temporaria == * '''1 Maii 2024 (12 Ordibehesht 1403)''': situs a regimine Iranico obstructus est; post XXII dies iterum patefactus est.<ref>{{Cite news |title=وب‌سایت «دیده‌بان ایران» فیلتر شد |url=https://www.radiofarda.com/a/32929318.html |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=خبرگاه؛ پس از تهدید قوه قضاییه سایت دیدبان ایران فیلتر شد |url=https://www.dw.com/fa-ir/a-68967871 |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024-05-22 |title=سایت دیدبان ایران رفع فیلتر شد |url=https://fa.shafaqna.com/news/1805322/ |access-date=2025-01-01 |language=fa}}</ref> * '''Mart.–Apr. 2025 (Esfand 1403 – Farvardin 1404)''': plus quam XL dies iterum impeditus, post colloquium de caedibus extra fines cum Mohsen Rafīqdoost divulgatum.<ref>{{Cite web |title=گفت‌وگوی جنجالی با محسن رفیق‌دوست و فیلتر دوباره دیدبان ایران |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/بخش-سیاسی-3/217777-گفتگو-با-محسن-رفیق-دوست-و-فیلتر-دیدبان-ایران |access-date=2025-03-05 |language=fa}}</ref> == Investigationes notabiles == * '''Refah Kargaran Bank (Oct. 2024)''': relatio de discessu €35 mill. quae investigationem Instituti Inspectionis Generalis excitavit; postea tribunal commentationem absolvit.<ref>{{Cite web |title=۳۵میلیون یورو در بانک رفاه گم شد؟! |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/بخش-اقتصادی-4/203633-میلیون-یورو-در-بانک-رفاه-گم-شد |access-date=2025-03-04 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=گم شدن ۳۵ میلیون یورو در بانک رفاه |url=https://iranwire.com/fa/news/135193 |access-date=2025-03-05 |language=fa}}</ref> * '''Municipium Teheranense (Mart. 2025)''': relatio de discrepantia '''17 trl. tomanorum'''; post lites municipalitatis, agentia ob documenta exhibita absolutum est.<ref>{{Cite web |title=گم شدن ۱۷ هزار میلیارد تومان در شهرداری تهران تایید شد |url=https://www.tazenews.com/news/481863 |access-date=2025-03-04 |language=fa}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=اتهام‌زنی عضو شورای شهر به قوه قضاییه و دیده‌بان ایران |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/بخش-اجتماعی-حوادث-5/217988 |access-date=2025-03-04 |language=fa}}</ref> * '''Apparatus autobusorum electricorum (2023–2024)''': relationes de contractibus opacis cum societatibus Sinensibus; responsa municipalitatis publice edita sunt.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=پاسخ شهرداری به گزارش سایت دیده‌بان ایران |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/بخش-اجتماعی-حوادث-5/217464-پاسخ-شهرداری-به-گزارش-سایت-دیده-بان-ایران |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=fa}}</ref> * '''Colloquia de caedibus politicis (2025)''': in colloquio Mohsen Rafīqdoost implicationes in caedes civium oppositionis commemoravit (e.g. Fereydoun Farrokhzad, Shahriar Shafiq, Shapour Bakhtiar).<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-09-06 |title=سفیر اسبق ایران در آلمان... از مصاحبه رفیق‌دوست شوکه شدم |url=https://www.didbaniran.ir/بخش-سیاسی-3/219047-سفیر-اسبق-ایران-در-آلمان-از-مصاحبه-رفیق-دوست-شوکه-شدم |access-date=2025-09-06 |language=fa}}</ref> == Nexus externi == * [https://didbaniran.ir Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Persice) * [https://t.me/didebaniran Canalis apud Telegram] * [https://instagram.com/didbaniran.ir Pagina apud Instagram] * [https://x.com/didbaniran Pagina apud X (Twitter)] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Situs interretiales]] [[Categoria:Incepta 2015]] [[Categoria:Irania]] 0dogbd2l5pgioi76qz9jt1urupjlyst 10 320973 3960250 3919766 2026-05-17T18:18:11Z Grufo 64423 “compositione anno …” → “opere anno … composito” 3960250 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_primum|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus}}} &#91;{{{tempus_primum}}}, opere {{{tempus_compositionis|}}} composito&#93; 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| {{{tempus}}} }} }} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_primum|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus_primum}}} &#91;opere {{{tempus_compositionis|}}} composito&#93; | {{{tempus_primum}}} }} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus_compositionis}}} }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}</noinclude> blclkm1q5a173qe60aiu7hluicn7xz7 3960252 3960251 2026-05-17T18:22:12Z Grufo 64423 3960252 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_primum|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus}}} &#91;opere {{{tempus_compositionis|}}} composito, {{{tempus_primum}}} primum edito&#93; | {{{tempus}}} &#91;{{{tempus_primum}}}&#93; }} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus}}} &#91;opere {{{tempus_compositionis|}}} composito&#93; | {{{tempus}}} }} }} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_primum|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus_primum}}} &#91;opere {{{tempus_compositionis|}}} composito&#93; | {{{tempus_primum}}} }} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{tempus_compositionis|}}} | {{{tempus_compositionis}}} }} }} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio|contenta={{Formula machinaria}}}}</noinclude> tubumwjthjkl6xcwcn17lojfxwll7c0 0 321021 3960269 3950747 2026-05-17T19:54:31Z CommonsDelinker 1422 Imago Arisa_concerto_Taormina_08-2025.jpg deleta est ex Communibus ab Yann. Ille hanc rationem dedit: per [[:c:COM:NETCOPYVIO|]] 3960269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Vicificanda}} {{Olympiaebox | Nomen = XXV Olympia Hiemalia | Logo = 2026_Winter_Olympics_logo.svg | Mag = 200 | Optional caption = | Urbs = [[Mediolanum]] et [[Cortina Ampecanorum]], [[Italia]] | Numerus nationum = 93| Numerus athletarum = 2871 | Eventa = 116 in 16 [[deportus]] | Caerimonia initialis= [[6 Februarii]] [[2026]] | Caerimonia finalis = [[22 Februarii]] [[2026]]| Inaugurator = [[Sergius Mattarella]] | Stadium = [[Stadium Iosephus Meazza]] (caerimonia initialis)<br/>[[Amphitheatrum Veronense]] (caerimonia finalis) }} {{res|Olympia hiemalia 2026}} ([[Italiane]] ''Giochi olimpici invernali 2026'') fuerunt [[Olympia hiemalia]] XXV, [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] et [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]] in [[Italia]] habita. Quae sunt quarta [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympia]] in Italia celebrata, post [[Olympia hiemalia 1956|1956]] et [[Olympia hiemalia 2006|2006]] et [[Olympia aestiva]] anni [[Olympia aestiva 1960|1960]]. == Selectio == [[Fasciculus:Milan-Cortina 2026 Winter Olympics bid wordmark with tagline.svg|thumb|Logotypus petitionis [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]]-[[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cortinae Ampecanorum]]: primo etiam [[Augusta Taurinorum]] sedes ludorum esse debebat, sed Comitatus Olympicus Italiae negavit.]] Multae urbes celebrare ludos cupiebant, sed septem contendentes fuerunt: [[Calgaria]], [[Theodosiopolis]], [[Graecium]], [[Mediolanum]]-[[Cortina Ampecanorum]], [[Sapporum]], [[Sedunum]] et [[Holmia]]-[[Åre]]. In comitio supremo, [[Lausannae]] die [[24 Iunii]] [[2019]] habito, suffragia pro urbes [[Italia]]e ingentiora quam urbium [[Suecia]]e fuerunt: [[Mediolanum]]-[[Cortina Ampecanorum]] 47 suffragia accepit contra 34 [[Holmia|Holmiae]]-[[Åre|Åris]], sic praeses [[Comitatus Olympicus Internationalis|Comitatus Olympici Internationalis]] [[Thomas Bach]] victoriam Italiae orbi nuntiavit. == Res Olympiae == === Insigne === [[Fasciculus:2026 Winter Olympics logo (Energy).svg|thumb|Variatio logotypi principalis, habens colores.]] Populus, primum in historia, statuere insigne Olympiae potebat. Die [[6 Martii]] [[2021]], cum [[Festival di Sanremo|Feriae Villae Matutiae]] celebratae sunt, duae contendentes fuerunt: "''Dado''" et "''Futura''". "''Futura''" vicit ob suffragium vulgi: insigne ostendit [[Viginti sex|numerum 26]], scriptum cum una linea, quod signas [[Nartatio|nartationum]] [[Nix|nive]] aemulatur. Disportus, concordia et oecologismus sunt vires huius insignis. === Verba === [[Fasciculus:IT's your vibe Milano Cortina 2026.svg|thumb|Locutiones ludorum.]] Publice verba ludorum, die [[23 Februarii]] [[2025]] revelata, est "''Dreaming Together - IT's Your Vibe''" ([[Italice]] "''Sognando insieme - È la tua vibrazione''"). "IT" est etiam res compendaria pro dicere Italiam, terram ludorum hiemalium. === Imagines === [[Fasciculus:Mascottes dans la fanzone de Milan 2026.jpg|thumb|Erminae ''Tina e Milo'', a discipulis delineatae, apud castrum [[Sfortia]]num Mediolani.]] Die [[7 Februarii]] [[2024]], cum [[Festival di Sanremo|Feriae Villae Matutiae]] celebratae sunt, [[erminea]]e ''Tina e Milo'', imagines eventus, nuntiatae fuerunt. Discipuli scholae [[Taberna (Italia)|Tabernae]], [[Bruttium|Bruttii]], delineaverunt ''Tina e Milo'' atque vicerunt comitia cum 53% electionum. Nomina erminearum sunt partes nominum urbium, [[Mediolanum|''MIL''an''O'']] e [[Cortina Ampecanorum|Cor''TINA'']]. Fratres ''Tina e Milo'' erminae sunt, exempla innocentiae et integritatis. ''Tina'', imago ludi Olympici, habet pellem albam ac a [[Mons|montibus]] petivit Italiae urbes inventum res novas; amat [[Ars|artem]], [[Musica|musicam]] et [[Natura|naturam]]. ''Milo'', imago ludi paralympici, habet pellem fuscam ac est efficientior et certior quam soror; una crus non habet, sic caudam adhibet deambulatum. Colores pellis dissimiles sunt quando ostendere dualitatem et diversitatem volebantur: nam Comitatus formans dixit "''Tina e Milo'' sunt primas Olympiae imagines aperte ''Gen Z''". Etiam [[Galanthus nivalis|galanthi nivales]] sunt, ''Flo'' dicti, qui a discipulis [[Secratum|Secrati]], [[Langobardia]]e, creabantur. [[Flos|Flores]] ''Flo'' sunt exempla spei et pertinaciae. === Hymnus === Carmina praebita fuerunt die [[5 Februarii]] [[2022]], cum [[Festival di Sanremo|Feriae Villae Matutiae]] celebratae fuerunt. Post unum mensem carmen "''Fino all'alba''" nuntiatum est, cecinit ex [[Arisa (cantrix)|Arisa]]. === Nomismae === [[Fasciculus:Gold medal of the 2026 Winter Olympics.jpg|thumb|[[Clipeus aureus|Medaliae aureae]] ludorum pars anulorum.]] [[Medalia]]e ludi olympici [[Venetiae]] praebitae fuerunt: ''Istituto Poligrafico'' atque ''Zecca dello Stato'' istas fecerunt. Sunt 735 nomismae pro [[Athleta|athletis]]: habent diametrum 8 cm et crassitudinem 1 cm. Vexillum olympicum et insigne ludorum Milano-Cortina sunt in his medaliis. == Villae olympionicarum == [[Fasciculus:Edifici del villaggio olimpico di Milano Cortina a Milano.jpg|thumb|Athletarum villa apud Mediolani.]] Non una, sed quinque villae [[Olympionices|olympionicarum]] aedificatae sunt (Mediolani, Cortinae Ampecanorum, Pralatii, Bormii et Livigni), ob [[Athleta|athletarum]] necessitates atque sedium longinquitatem. Tres villae sunt aedificia propria, duae villae sunt deversoria urbium. Sic hi loci sunt: * [[Mediolanum]]: circiter 1400 athletae * [[Cortina Ampecanorum]]: circiter 1043 athletae * [[Pralatium]]: circiter 790 athletae * [[Bormium]]: circiter 378 athletae * [[Livignum]]: circiter 888 athletae == Civitates == Nonaginta tres civitates ludebant. Primum in historia, [[Beninum]], [[Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti]] et [[Guinea Bissaviensis]] interfuerunt ludis. [[Kenia]], [[Singapura]], [[Africa Australis]], [[Uraquaria]] et [[Venetiola]] in certamina redierunt postquam anno [[2022]] defuerunt. Propter [[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|incursionem Russicam in Ucrainam]], athletae [[Russia]]e ac [[Ruthenia Alba|Alborussiae]] cum nomine "[[Athletae Singulares Neutrales]]" luserunt: erant 13 Russi et 7 Alborussi. {{div col incipitur|3}} {{Vexillum|Albania}} {{Vexillum|Andorra}} {{Vexillum|Argentina}} {{Vexillum|Armenia}} {{Vexillum|Australia}} {{Vexillum|Austria}} {{Vexillum|Atropatene}} {{Vexillum|Belgica}} {{Vexillum|Beninum }} {{Vexillum|Bolivia}} {{Vexillum|Bosnia et Herzegovina}} {{Vexillum|Brasilia}} {{Vexillum|Bulgaria}} {{Vexillum|Canada }} {{Vexillum|Chilia}} {{Vexillum|Res publica popularis Sinarum }} {{Vexillum|Columbia}} {{Vexillum|Croatia}} {{Vexillum|Cyprus}} {{Vexillum|Cechia}} {{Vexillum|Dania}} {{Vexillum|Aequatoria}} {{Vexillum|Erythraea}} {{Vexillum|Estonia}} {{Vexillum|Finnia}} {{Vexillum|Francia}} {{Vexillum|Georgia}} {{Vexillum|Germania }} {{Vexillum|Britanniarum Regnum}} {{Vexillum|Graecia}} {{Vexillum|Guinea Bissaviensis }} {{Vexillum|Haitia}} [[Fasciculus:Flag of Hong Kong.svg|20x20px]] [[Hongcongum]] {{Vexillum|Hungaria}} {{Vexillum|Islandia}} {{Vexillum|India}} [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Individual Neutral Athletes at the 2024 Summer Olympics.svg|20x20px]] [[Athletae Singulares Neutrales]] {{Vexillum|Irania}} {{Vexillum|Hibernia}} {{Vexillum|Israël}} {{Vexillum|Italia}} {{Vexillum|Iamaica}} {{Vexillum|Iaponia}} {{Vexillum|Kazachia}} {{Vexillum|Kenia}} {{Vexillum|Res publica Coreana}} {{Vexillum|Kosovia}} {{Vexillum|Chirgisia }} {{Vexillum|Lettonia}} {{Vexillum|Libanus}} {{Vexillum|Lichtenstenum}} {{Vexillum|Lituania }} {{Vexillum|Luxemburgum}} {{Vexillum|Madagascaria}} {{Vexillum|Malaesia}} {{Vexillum|Melita}} {{Vexillum|Mexicum}} {{Vexillum|Moldavia}} {{Vexillum|Monoecus}} {{Vexillum|Mongolia}} {{Vexillum|Mons Niger}} {{Vexillum|Marocum}} {{Vexillum|Nederlandia}} {{Vexillum|Nova Zelandia}} {{Vexillum|Nigeria}} {{Vexillum|Macedonia Septentrionalis}} {{Vexillum|Norvegia }} [[Fasciculus:Flag of Pakistan.svg|20x20px]] [[Pakistania]] {{Vexillum|Philippinae}} {{Vexillum|Polonia}} {{Vexillum|Portugallia}} [[Fasciculus:Flag of Puerto Rico.svg|20x20px]] [[Portus Dives]] {{Vexillum|Romania}} {{Vexillum|Sanctus Marinus}} {{Vexillum|Arabia Saudita}} {{Vexillum|Serbia}} {{Vexillum|Singapura}} {{Vexillum|Slovacia}} {{Vexillum|Slovenia}} {{Vexillum|Africa Australis }} {{Vexillum|Hispania}} {{Vexillum|Suecia}} {{Vexillum|Helvetia}} {{Vexillum|Taivania}} {{Vexillum|Thailandia}} {{Vexillum|Trinitas et Tabacum}} {{Vexillum|Turcia}} {{Vexillum|Ucraina}} {{Vexillum|Emiratus Arabici Coniuncti}} {{Vexillum|Civitates Foederatae Americae}} {{Vexillum|Uruquaria}} {{Vexillum|Uzbecia}} {{Vexillum|Venetiola}} {{div col finitur}} == Caerimoniae == === Caerimonia initialis === {{main|Caerimonia initialis ludorum Olympicorum Mediolani-Cortinae Ampecanorum 2026}}Ludorum caerimonia initialis, ''Armonia'' appellata, die [[6 Februarii]] [[2026]] apud [[stadium Iosephus Meazza]] celebrata est. === Caerimonia finalis === {{main|Caerimonia finalis ludorum Olympicorum Mediolani-Cortinae Ampecanorum 2026}}Ludorum caerimonia finalis, ''Beauty in Action'' appellata, die [[22 Februarii]] [[2026]] apud [[amphitheatrum Veronense]] celebrata est. == Tabula nomismarum == [[Fasciculus:2026 Winter Olympics medal map.svg|thumb| * [[Flavus]]: civitates quae minimum unam nomismam auream vicerunt * [[Canus]]: civitates quae minimum unam nomismam argenteam vicerunt * [[Fulvus]]: civitates quae minimum unam nomismam bronzeam vicerunt * [[Azureus]]: civitates quae nomismas non vicerunt * [[Albus]]: civitates quae non interfuerunt ]] {| class="wikitable sortable" !Locus !Civitas ![[Fasciculus:Gold medal olympic.svg|20x20px]] ![[Fasciculus:Silver medal olympic.svg|20x20px]] ![[Fasciculus:Bronze medal olympic.svg|20x20px]] !Universa |- |1 ! [[Norvegia]] |18 |12 |11 |41 |- |2 ! [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] |12 |12 |9 |33 |- |3 ! [[Nederlandia]] |10 |7 |3 |20 |- |4 ! [[Italia]] |10 |6 |14 |30 |- |5 ! [[Germania]] |8 |10 |8 |26 |- |6 ! [[Francia]] |8 |9 |6 |23 |- |7 ! [[Suecia]] |8 |6 |4 |18 |- |8 ! [[Helvetia]] |6 |9 |8 |23 |- |9 ! [[Austria]] |5 |8 |5 |18 |- |10 ! [[Iaponia]] |5 |7 |12 |24 |- |11 ! [[Canada]] |5 |7 |9 |21 |- |12 ! [[Res publica popularis Sinarum]] |5 |4 |6 |15 |- |13 ! [[Res publica Coreana]] |3 |4 |3 |10 |- |14 ! [[Australia]] |3 |2 |1 |6 |- |15 ! [[Britanniarum regnum]] |3 |1 |1 |5 |- |16 ! [[Cechia]] |2 |2 |1 |5 |- |17 ! [[Slovenia]] |2 |1 |1 |4 |- |18 ! [[Hispania]] |1 |0 |2 |3 |- | rowspan="2" |19 ! [[Brasilia]] |1 |0 |0 |1 |- ! [[Kazachstania]] |1 |0 |0 |1 |- |21 ! [[Polonia]] |0 |3 |1 |4 |- |22 ! [[Nova Zelandia]] |0 |2 |1 |3 |- |23 ! [[Finnia]] |0 |1 |5 |6 |- |24 ! [[Lettonia]] |0 |1 |1 |2 |- | rowspan="3" |25 ! [[Dania]] |0 |1 |0 |1 |- ! [[Estonia]] |0 |1 |0 |1 |- ! [[Georgia]] |0 |1 |0 |1 |- |– ! ''[[Athletae Singulares Neutrales]]'' |0 |1 |0 |1 |- |28 ! [[Bulgaria]] |0 |0 |2 |2 |- |29 ! [[Belgica]] |0 |0 |1 |1 |- ! colspan="2" |Omnes medaliae |116 |118 |115 |349 |} == Olympia culturalia == Simul Olympia hiemalia 2026, fuerunt eventus de cultura cum nomine ''Olimpiade Culturale''. Propositum eventuum erat monstrare patrimonia pulchritudinesque [[Urbes Italiae|urbium Italiae]] quae sedes ludorum sunt. == Nexus interni == * [[Matthaeus Boldy]], victor * [[Daniel Grassl]], victor * [[Jack Hughes]], victor * [[Quintinus Hughes]], victor * [[Michael Shaidorov]], victor == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|2026 Winter Olympics}} {{Olympia}} [[Categoria:2026]] [[Categoria:Olympia Certamina]] c2f5t00v7jsdc2g2u8umzw5tnkb5r0x 14 321959 3960310 3931639 2026-05-18T02:01:54Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Categoria:Theoria gravitationis]] ad [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] sine redirectione: Nomenclatura uniformis 3931639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Categoria:Physica]] 5prjyt3u0777qw83fs02h7exj45xsld 4 322071 3960318 3957722 2026-05-18T02:09:22Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? */ nova pars 3960318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librariae Congressus, sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) jysd3u721fn2xxl2slsvq1ptfkj4r7g 3960361 3960318 2026-05-18T02:56:20Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? */ minores correctiones 3960361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{/Praefatio}} == De paginis nimis magnis quae formulā {{[[Formula:Augenda|Augenda]]}} utuntur == In [[:Categoria:Corrigenda|Categoriam:Corrigenda]] plures subcategoriae formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} stipantur (e.g. [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Februario 2023]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Ianuario 2024]], [[:Categoria:Augenda a mense Decembri 2025]], et cetera). Inspiciens, multas harum paginarum invenii quae longiores sunt 1000 octobitis (e.g. [[Graecia archaica]]: 2928 octobiti). Quid censeatis si mechanema cum monitu in formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} inseram, ne in paginis longioribus quam 1000 octobitorum adhibeatur? Nam si pagina est satis longa, vanum est legentes monere paginam intra tres menses esse augendam. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:30, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :Pagina de [[Graecia archaica]] (#1) lemmate proprio, (#2) definitione idonea, et (#3) fonte externo caret, et omnis Vicipadia ut videtur (#4) nexibus ad hanc paginam ducentibus caret. That's all four of the formula's four criteria. ¶ For the difference between a stub and more-than-a-stub, the cutoff I've been using has been 2,000 octeti for general articles and 1,900 for articles with a taxobox. I don't recall a consensus on that limit, but articles having 4,000, 5,000, 6,000 octeti have been marked "stipula"; that's likely too high a limit, and I'd suggest that 2,000 (or possibly your 1,000) is a more defensible upper limit for stubs. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 03:15, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::For example, just today, someone added "<nowiki>{{urbs-stipula}}</nowiki>" to the article on [[Barcino]], which already had more than 3,500 octeti! [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 15:04, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: ''Stipulae'' are not problematic from an administrative point of view, because in theory they can remain as such forever. Barcellona is an important city with a lot of history that can be written in an encyclopedia, it can be understandable if someone feels that the current page can be greatly improved. Instead, what scares me about the {{Fn|Augenda}} template is that it is not only an invitation to improve pages, it also asks us to delete pages after three months (which is why it should be used with care). --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 15:57, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::::Then why not change the verb from ''will'' to ''may'' or introduce some other indication of indeterminacy? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 16:31, 28 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :: [[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobus]], we can set any limit we want, but what I think makes little sense is saying that a page must be increased within three months, but then after three months nothing happens and the categories above keep growing. We must set a realistic (relatively low) threshold and then, after that, be ready to '''delete''' the pages that do not respect our threshold (in [[Vicipaedia:Taberna/Tabularium 35#De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum proponendo|another thread]] I had proposed the <code>adumbratio:</code> namespace where after three months all these “augenda” pages can be moved, but that is a separate topic). A page like [[Graecia archaica]] only needs relatively little work to be adjusted—certainly does not deserve to be deleted. What I want to stress here is that every time you add {{Fn|Augenda}} to a page you are basically saying “If the page stays like this, I am okay if after three months it gets deleted”. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 03:58, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::That's correct, but I heartily endorse a separate namespace, a kind of purgatory, where such pages can go until they've become worthy of standing in the mainspace. As a rule, I don't work on formulas, so I likely had nothing to do with the wording of this one, but three months must have been the original consensus. If memory serves, @Andrew Dalby and perhaps others have occasionally enforced the three-month rule, though sometimes after well more than three months have elapsed. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 13:08, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) :::: Intellego. Novum spatium nominale a “Phabricatore” petiturus sum. Quid censeres si in paginis amplioribus (e.g. inter 2000 et 1000) formulā {{Fn|Nondum stipula}} (quae nullam categoriam cum tempore praefinito imponit) pro formulā {{Fn|Augenda}} utereris? Aut aliam novam formulam quoque nobis excogitare licet. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 22:57, 27 Februarii 2026 (UTC) ::::: {{Tpe|Nova}} Hic nuper petivi ut novum spatium nominale adumbrationum crearetur: [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio”]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:01, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) :::::: {{Tpe|Novissima}} Euax! Spatium nominale adumbrationum [[Vicipaedia:Spatium nominale|habemus]]! Textus paginae [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] nobis sic mutandus est ut adumbrationes, si exsistunt, detegantur. Postea aliquid excogitabo. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 19:34, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) @[[Usor:IacobusAmor|Iacobe]]: What would you think if we created a <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template, and established that when we find a page that was created more than three months ago (e.g. [[Agrinium]], created in 2004!), instead of {{Fn|Augenda}} we add the new template instead? The <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> template could look more or less like this: {{Capsa annuntiationis | color = #7f83d7 | pigmentum = #f3f4fb | imago = P writing.svg | 1 = '''Commentationem neglectam augeamus!''' Haec commentatio longe neglecta videtur mansa esse. Sodes, adiuva paginam augere! }} We can then have [[:Categoria:Paginae neglectae]], where all these pages will be automatically collected. I am proposing this because I think that it makes little sense to warn that a page that was created 22 years ago must be improved within three months! It will be an empty warning. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 08:40, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :That might be useful. How would it differ from the Adumbratio solution? [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:01, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) :: Following [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio|the rules]] that I partly translated from English Wikipedia, we must not move pages that were created long ago to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace. So the picture should look as follows: ::* '''Case 1:''' The page is is too short and was recently created. We have three possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We move it to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace (less prefereable than improving the page but more prefearable than the following) ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} (less prefereable) ::*#: ↳ If three months after adding {{Fn|Augenda}} nothing has changed we delete the page for real ::* '''Case 2:''' The page is too short and was created more than three months ago. Two possibilities: ::*# We improve it (prefereable solution) ::*# We have no other choice but adding <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Pagina neglecta}}</syntaxhighlight> ::*#: ↳ We must take into account that the page might stay like that indefinitely ::* '''Case 3:''' The page was in the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace and was moved to the main namespace prematurely: ::*# We add {{Fn|Augenda}} ::*#: ↳ If after three months nothing has changed we delete the page for real :: The rationale is that pages that are too old might no longer have someone that checks them and is able to fulfill our expectations. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 12:42, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) == De novo spatio adumbrationum == {{Collaboratio|Alex1011|Alexander Gerashchenko|Amahoney|Andreas Raether|Andrew Dalby|Aylin|Bartholomite|Bis-Taurinus|Demetrius Talpa|Giorno2|IacobusAmor|Ioscius|Iustinus|Lesgles|LilyKitty|Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus|Neander|Pippobuono|Rafaelgarcia|Sigur|Utilo|UV|Xaverius | alacres = IacobusAmor | alacritas = mensis | res = Magistratūs usoresque strenuos vocavi. Veniam peto si alicuius oblitus sum. | subscriptio = [[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) }} Nuper novum spatium nominale <code>Adumbratio:</code> condidimus. Nunc oportet regulas nostras definire. Apud [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] paginam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]] partim verti, sed de nostra propria ratione consentiendum est. Notandum est Vicipaediam Anglicam [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts#Reasons not to move an article to draftspace|regulam habere]] qua vetatur paginam in spatio principali sitam in spatium adumbrationum movere “si commentatio ante plus quam 90 dies creata est”. Re quidem vera, nuper paginam [[Alkinum]] ad [[Adumbratio:Alkinum]] movi (praesertim ad lineamenta technica novi spatii nominalis experienda), attamen mihi visum est parum rectum paginam anno 2006 creatam (et [[Vicipaedia:Paginae quas omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet/Expansio#Materies chemicales|quam omnibus Vicipaediis contineri oportet]]!) ibi movere. Quo facto suasus sum ut nobis vetandum sit formulam {{Fn|Augenda}} paginis ante plus quam tres menses creatis addere. Nam, si pagina nimis brevis olim creata est et usque talis mansit, si nos eam negleximus nec animadvertimus nisi nunc, meā sententiā duae optiones tantum nobis patent: aut eam relinquimus intactam, aut formulam {{Fn|Delenda}} apponimus. Ceterum, a vobis peto ut paginam [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] inspiciatis, novas regulas proponatis, aut regulas a me scriptas emendetis. Valete! --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 17:43, 3 Martii 2026 (UTC) ==De loco vel gradu Vicipaediae apud Meta== Does moving articles counted among the 10,000 most important (like "[[Alkinum]]" & "[[Oxidum]]") into the limbo marked by <nowiki>{{Adumbratio}}</nowiki> and/or <nowiki>{{Neglecta}}</nowiki> lower Vicipaedia's score at Meta? (Vide [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias_by_expanded_sample_of_articles|"List of Wikipedias by expanded sample of articles"].) In other words, do they need to remain in the mainspace to boost Vicipaedia's score? ¶ Ten years ago, in March 2016, Vicipaedia was ranked thirty-ninth among all the wikis; at the end of last month, it was ranked fifty-second. This is not an encouraging trend, and deliberately accelerating it might not be considered advisable. [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 12:52, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) : Hi Iacobus. Moving pages to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace definitely counts as removing them from the encyclopedia. Adding {{Fn|Pagina neglecta}} (or any other template) instead has no effects. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:09, 12 Martii 2026 (UTC) ::<nowiki>{{ping|IacobusAmor}}</nowiki>, is there a page that specifies the number of articles from this list that we have? -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:47, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::{{ping|IacobusAmor}}, idk why my previous ping got wrapped by nowiki. -[[Usor:Archaeocursor|Archaeocursor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Archaeocursor|disputatio]]) 19:48, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ecce (but it needs to be updated): https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usor:Amahoney/Myrias_epitome [[Usor:IacobusAmor|IacobusAmor]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:IacobusAmor|disputatio]]) 23:04, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::So, as Grufo says, moving one of the "10,000" pages into Adumbratio space removes it from the encyclopedia and from the score that Iacobus mentions. In the case of a page in that list, maybe it's better for it to be in mainspace, with a warning template (''neglecta/augenda/...'') on it? If it's in mainspace, more editors might see it and be tempted to improve it. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:29, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Hi Andrew. Indeed. When I created the page [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] by (partially) translating [[:en:Wikipedia:Drafts]], I also translated the rule that a page can be moved away from the mainspace to the <code>Adumbratio:</code> namespace only if it is a newly created page (< 90 days). So pages that have long been among our 10000 pages are safe. P.S. The rules in [[Vicipaedia:Adumbratio]] still need our consensus, so if you have time, please give that page a look. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 14:58, 14 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Template:Weather box == {{Excepta|Vicipaedia:Officina|Template:Weather box|Locus opportunior --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} == Quid significat expectatio vacuae mutationis? == Dicitur in pagina [[Topologia classium punctorum]] quod "Haec pagina mutationem vacuam expectat". Et rogat me, "nihil tangens", sibi ostendere mutationes. Ad quem dirigitur haec monitio, et quas mutationes oportet eum sibi ostendere? Non intelligo. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:29, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve, [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Illa icon significat vicitextum <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica|en|qid=Q179899}}</syntaxhighlight> ad hunc vicitextum, si paginam emendas, sponte mutatum iri: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>[[Spatium topologicum|spatia topologica]]</syntaxhighlight> (vide [[Special:Diff/3954206/3955454|meam ultimam recensionem]] et documentationem formulae {{fsn|pcc}}), quoniam nunc [[Spatium topologicum|paginam]] habemus quae cum entitate Vicidatorum [[:d:Q179899]] nectitur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 04:44, 19 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Gratias habeo—mirum tamen mihi videtur, quod substitutio "cref" tantum unam tesseram (siquidem recte lexi) sumat ut argumentum. Quomodo ergo facio, si notam duos habeat nexus ad paginas creatas?--[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:29, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Immo, infinitatem tesserarum formula {{fsn|cref}} accipit. Vide, exempli gratia, hanc annotationem in pagina “[[Carpates]]”, ubi sunt ambae entitates [[:d:Q6776713]] et [[:d:Q11699202]]: :::: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Martinus Szent-Ivany|Martini Szent-Ivany|hu|qid=Q6776713}} [...] {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gabriel Rzaczynski|Gabrielis Rzączyński|pl|qid=Q11699202}} [...]|2=Q6776713|3=Q11699202}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: Vide etiam {{Caput|Formula:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|Quomodo tesseram invenio?}}. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:43, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Annon corrigere possumus titulos "instrumentorum"? == Exempli gratia: video unum "instrumentum" appellari "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". Videtur mihi hic titulus mendam habere et corrigi posse accentus acutus ad macron. Sed nescio utrum corrigibilis sit ab usoribus. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:47, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Salve [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]. Usoribus non licet [[Specialis:Nuntia systematis|nuntia systematis]] recensere (vide etiam <span class="plainlinks">[{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=8}} spatium “<code>MediaWiki:</code>”]</span>), sed usores possunt a magistratibus petere ut nuntia recenseant (et multa nuntia exstant quae meliora facere aut etiam omnino vertere oportet!). Non invenio ubi “Paginam prehendere formá PDF” iaceat; fortasse @[[Usor:UV|UV]] adiuvare potest. P.S. “accentus acutus” revera est [[Apex (orthographia Latina)|apex]], forma antiquior [[macron|macri]]; attamen concordo uniformia signa diacritica nobis esse sequenda. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:42, 24 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::Non potest prehendere paginas disputationum formā PDF. Sed paginas encyclopediae possumus; e.g. [[Macron]]. At ibi apparet "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:04, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::: Nexum video, sed quid nuntium gignat non invenio. Exempli gratia, [[MediaWiki:Contributions|haec pagina]] nuntium “User contributions” ad nuntium Latinum “Conlationes usoris” vertit; sed quid vertit “Download PDF” ad “Paginam prehendere formá PDF”? Nescio. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:44, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::Ignosce inclaritatem meam—sed prime (ut ita dicam) "Instrumenta" et videbis instrumentorum titulos. Titulus primus (ut mihi ostenduntur) est "Movere"; titulus novissimus est "Res Wikidata"; et unus titulorum est "Paginam prehendere formá PDF". --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:46, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Ut dixi, oculis meis textum video, sed ignoro e qua pagina aut e quo nuntio systematis oriatur. Nequeo textum corrigere si nescio quid mihi sit emendandum. Conatus sum aliqua similia nuntia vertere ([[MediaWiki:Wikisource-download-pdf|#1]], [[MediaWiki:Minerva-download|#2]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-print-text|#3]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-download-label|#4]], [[MediaWiki:Electronpdfservice-special-page-headline|#5]]), sed nuntium quod quaeris non inveni. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:54, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::bzgrep utebar perlegere totam Vicipaediam Latinam; non tamen inveni. Mirum! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:25, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::: @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Potesne, quaeso, etiam situm https://translatewiki.net/ per “bzgrep” inspicere? Etiam illic non inveni textum. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:28, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::[https://translatewiki.net/wiki/MediaWiki:Coll-download_as/la Fontem] inveni huius textus, non autem bzgrep utens. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:12, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::: Gratias tibi ago. Correxi. Post paucos dies abhinc nova translatio etiam in Vicipaedia Latina ostendetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:34, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) ::::::::::Fortasse nostis [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/MediaWiki?uselang=qqx hunc nexum] per quem tandem inveni. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:37, 28 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Regula generalis de intellegentia artificiali == [[:meta:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|Apud MetaVici disputatur]] utrum regula generalis de intellegentiae artificialis usu introducenda sit necne. Quum etiam nos tanget, vos hortor ut sententias vestras feratis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 13:42, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :Non penitus intelligo quomodo nos tangeat. Annon iam habemus regulam de plasmatibus (ut ita dicam) linguarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 00:50, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :: Regulae globales omnes Vicipaedias afficiunt, atque illa regula proponitur globalis. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 00:56, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::Gratias habeo; nonne autem, si Vicipaedia Latina haberet regulam, supersedeat regulam generalem? Et simili modo respectu aliarum Vicipaediarum? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:01, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::: Non sum certus, sed timeo ne regulae globales vincant. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::Ita; intelligo. Scisne utrum restrictionem an laxationem habeat favorem iuris? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 01:12, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) :::::: Apud Vicipaediam Latinam nulla est regula scripta; paginae tamen quae omnino intellegentiā artificiali sine ulla humana recensione vertuntur pittacio {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} signantur atque post unam hebdomadam delentur. Prima regula globalis proposita mihi videtur hoc tantum postulare, ut, ''praeter translationes'', usus intellegentiae artificialis aperte declaretur. Altera autem regula globalis vetat intellegentiā artificiali ūtī ''nisi in translationibus''. Meā sententiā, hoc nobis incommodum contrarium efficit, quia hic magnopere laboramus ad translationes machinarias moderandas; alii autem usūs intellegentiae artificialis nobis non sunt incommodo. Non puto magni rēferre usum ipsum declarare, sed potius oportere responsa intellegentiae artificialis diligenter inspicere ac recensere. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 01:45, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo melius invenire titula proposita pro articulo nondum existente? == Volui creare articulum pro "poset" (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474715). Scio, quod est formula "subst:pcc" alicubi in hac Vicipaedia per quam statuitur titulum huius articuli. Sed nescio, et "bzgrep" iterum inutilis est. Estne methodus inventionis talium "titulorum articulorum nondum existentium"? --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 04:47, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) : Formula {{fsn|pcc}} nescit quod nomen Latinum novae paginae (“nexui rubro”) assignandum sit, istud erit tibi eligendum. Ad formulam adhibendam tibi sufficiet titulum Latinum et linguā aliā scribere. E.g.: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|en=Partially ordered set|Aggregatio partim ordinata}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Aut, si vis, potes autem tesseram Vicidatorum praebere: :: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:pcc|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}}</syntaxhighlight> ::: ↳ {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} : Non exstat ullus index paginarum creandarum. Nomina inveniuntur simul ac paginae creantur. Attamen, si quis paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinat'''issima'''” postea creet at ad [[:d:Q474715]] eam nectat, pagina ubi nexus ruber “Aggregatio partim ordinata” ostendebatur nunc ad paginam “Aggregatio partim ordinatissima” nectetur. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 06:13, 30 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) == Quomodo citare librum, quod numerum librarium uniformem inter gentes caret? == [[Cancellum (mathematica)|Hac pagina]] conor citare librum quoddam, sed caret ISBN/NLUIG. Habet tamen numerum Catalogii Librarii Congressus (LCCN), sed nescio quomodo hanc numerum affigere rei citatae. Multas habeo gratias pro auxilio vestro! --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:09, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) 9j90h805sd09eljaq1bl5yelr93j4ky 0 323833 3960247 3951174 2026-05-17T17:41:22Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Participes certaminis civitates */ 3960247 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>{{Adumbratio}}</noinclude> [[Fasciculus:2026 FIFA World Cup emblem darkmode.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Logotypus]] certaminis.]] {{res|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum}} anni [[2026]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], [[Mexicum|Mexico]], et [[Canada]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[11 Iunii|11]] [[Iunius|Iunii]] 2026 usque ad diem [[19 Iulii|19]] [[Iulius|Iulii]] 2026 celebratum erit. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[File:2026_world_cup_qualification_map.svg|thumb|[[Caeruleus]]: civitates ludentes; [[Azureus]]: civitates in qualificationes; [[Flavus]]: civitates non ludentes; [[Niger (color)|Niger]]: civitates exclusae.]] {{div col incipitur|5}} * [[File:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Canada]] * [[File:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] * [[File:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicum]] * [[File:Flag of Argentina.svg|20x20px]] [[Argentina]] * [[File:Flag of Australia.svg|20x20px]] [[Australia]] * [[File:Flag of Austria.svg|20x20px]] [[Austria]] * [[File:Flag of Belgium.svg|20x20px]] [[Belgica]] * [[File:Flag of Brazil.svg|20x20px]] [[Brasilia]] * [[File:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Capitis Viridis|Caput Viride]] * [[File:Flag of Colombia.svg|20x20px]] [[Columbia]] * [[File:Flag of Croatia.svg|20x20px]] [[Croatia]] * [[File:Flag of Curaçao.svg|20x20px]] [[Curassavia]] * [[File:Flag of Ecuador.svg|20x20px]] [[Aequatoria]] * [[File:Flag of Egypt.svg|20x20px]] [[Aegyptus]] * [[File:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Anglia]] * [[File:Flag of Algeria.svg|20x20px]] [[Algerium]] * [[File:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Francia]] * [[File:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Germania]] * [[File:Flag of Ghana.svg|20x20px]] [[Gana]] * [[File:Flag of Haiti.svg|20x20px]] [[Haitia]] * [[File:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20x20px]] [[Litus Eburneum]] * [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iaponia]] * [[File:Flag of Jordan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iordania]] * [[File:Flag of Morocco.svg|20x20px]] [[Marocum]] * [[File:Flag of Netherlands.svg|20x20px]] [[Nederlandia]] * [[File:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20x20px]] [[Nova Zelandia]] * [[File:Flag of Norway.svg|20x20px]] [[Norvegia]] * [[File:Flag of Panama.svg|20x20px]] [[Panama]] * [[File:Flag of Paraguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Paraquaria]] * [[File:Flag of Portugal.svg|20x20px]] [[Portugallia]] * [[File:Flag of Qatar.svg|20x20px]] [[Quataria]] * [[File:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|20x20px]] [[Arabia Saudita]] * [[File:Flag of Scotland.svg|20x20px]] [[Scotia]] * [[File:Flag of Senegal.svg|20x20px]] [[Senegalia]] * [[File:Flag of South Africa.svg|20x20px]] [[Africa Australis]] * [[File:Flag of South Korea.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Coreana]] * [[File:Flag of Spain.svg|20x20px]] [[Hispania]] * [[File:Flag of Switzerland.svg|20x20px]] [[Helvetia]] * [[File:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20x20px]] [[Tunesia]] * [[File:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Uruquaria]] * [[File:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20x20px]] [[Uzbecia]] {{div col finitur}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 FIFA World Cup|Certamine Mundanum Pediludicum anni 2026}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/fifaworldcup2026/ Situs interretialis] {{Ludus-stipula}} [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2026]] g9tgvzxlwvt7oa3tu74bfx9gpyw9mhc 3960256 3960247 2026-05-17T18:43:03Z Bartholomite 116968 3960256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2026 FIFA World Cup emblem darkmode.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Logotypus]] certaminis.]] {{res|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum}} anni [[2026]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], [[Mexicum|Mexico]], et [[Canada]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[11 Iunii|11]] [[Iunius|Iunii]] 2026 usque ad diem [[19 Iulii|19]] [[Iulius|Iulii]] 2026 celebratum erit. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2026_world_cup_qualification_map.svg|thumb|[[Caeruleus]]: civitates ludentes; [[Azureus]]: civitates in qualificationes; [[Flavus]]: civitates non ludentes; [[Niger (color)|Niger]]: civitates exclusae.]] {{div col incipitur|5}} * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Canada]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ecuador.svg|20x20px]] [[Aequatoria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt.svg|20x20px]] [[Aegyptus]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Africa.svg|20x20px]] [[Africa Australis]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Algeria.svg|20x20px]] [[Algerium]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Anglia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|20x20px]] [[Arabia Saudita]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20x20px]] [[Argentina]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Australia.svg|20x20px]] [[Australia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Austria.svg|20x20px]] [[Austria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Belgium.svg|20x20px]] [[Belgica]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20x20px]] [[Brasilia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Capitis Viridis|Caput Viride]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Colombia.svg|20x20px]] [[Columbia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Korea.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Coreana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Croatia.svg|20x20px]] [[Croatia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Curaçao.svg|20x20px]] [[Curassavia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Francia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Germania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ghana.svg|20x20px]] [[Gana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Haiti.svg|20x20px]] [[Haitia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Switzerland.svg|20x20px]] [[Helvetia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|20x20px]] [[Hispania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Japan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iaponia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Jordan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iordania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20x20px]] [[Litus Eburneum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Morocco.svg|20x20px]] [[Marocum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Netherlands.svg|20x20px]] [[Nederlandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20x20px]] [[Nova Zelandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Norway.svg|20x20px]] [[Norvegia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Panama.svg|20x20px]] [[Panama]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Paraguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Paraquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20x20px]] [[Portugallia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Qatar.svg|20x20px]] [[Quataria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Scotland.svg|20x20px]] [[Scotia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Senegal.svg|20x20px]] [[Senegalia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20x20px]] [[Tunesia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Uruquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20x20px]] [[Uzbecia]] {{div col finitur}} == Loci ludorum == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ Index locorum ludorum |- ! scope="col" | Urbs ! scope="col" | Stadium ! scope="col" | Capacitas ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Imago |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Dallasium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Dallasium]]<br /><small>([[Arlintonia (Texia)|Arlintonia in Texia]])</small> | [[Stadium AT&T]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Dallasiensis)}}''' | '''94,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Cowboys stadium inside view 4.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Mexicopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicopolis]] | [[Stadium Azteca]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Mexicopoliensis)}}''' | '''83,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Soccer game at the Azteca Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Novum Eboracum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Novum Eboracum]]/[[Nova Caesarea]]<br /><small>([[Rutherfordia Orientalis]] in [[Nova Caesarea]])</small> | [[Stadium MetLife]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Neo-Eboracensis/Neo-Caesariensis)}}''' | '''82,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Copa America game between Columbia vs Peru at the MetLife Stadium.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Atlanta" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Atlanta]] | [[Stadium Mercedes-Benz]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Atlantensis)}}''' | '''75,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2017 Orlando City at Atlanta United MLS Game.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Kansanopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Kansanopolis (Missuria)|Kansanopolis]] in [[Missuria]] | [[Stadium Arrowhead]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Kansanopoliensis)}}''' | '''73,000''' | [[Fasciculus:25 July 2010 Kansas City Wizards vs Manchester United friendly.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Hustonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Hustonia]] | [[Stadium NRG]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Hustoniensis)}}''' | '''72,000''' | [[Fasciculus:NRG Stadium, LEAGUES CUP 2024 TIGRES INTER MIAMI.jnp.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Franciscopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis]]<br /><small>([[Santa Clara Comitatus]])</small> | [[Stadium Levii]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Franciscopoliensis)}}''' | '''71,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Entering Levi's Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Angelopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Angelopolis]]<br /><small>([[Inglewood]])</small> | [[Stadium SoFi]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Angelopoliensis)}}''' | '''70,000''' | [[Fasciculus:SoFi Stadium 23rd March 2025.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Philadelphia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Philadelphia]] | [[Stadium Lincoln Financial]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Philadelphiensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:United States v Paraguay, Copa América Centenario (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Seattlum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Seattlum]] | [[Stadium Lumen]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Seattlensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2025 FIFA Club World Cup - Seattle Sounders FC vs. Botafogo - 03.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Bostonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Bostonia]]<br /><small>([[Foxborough (Massachusetta)|Foxborough]] in [[Massachusetta]])</small> | [[Stadium Gillette]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Bostoniensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:New England Revolution vs Liga Deportivo Alajuense 2024-03-06 53571677017.jpg|frameless|Gillette Stadium]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Miamia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Miamia]] | [[Stadium Hard Rock]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Miamiensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Hard Rock Stadium Club World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Vancuverium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Vancuverium]] | [[Stadium BC Place]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium BC Place Vancuveriensis)}}''' | '''54,000''' | [[Fasciculus:BC Place 2015 Women's FIFA World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Monterrey" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Monterrey]]<br /><small>([[Guadalupia (Nova Legio)|Guadalupia]] in [[Nova Legio]])</small> | [[Stadium BBVA]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Monterreiensis)}}''' | '''53,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio BBVA Bancomer - Diciembre 2017.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Guadalaxara" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Guadalaxara (Mexicum)|Guadalaxara]]<br /><small>([[Zapopan]])</small> | [[Stadium Akron]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Guadalaxarensis)}}''' | '''48,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio Akron 02-07-2022 cabecera sur lado derecho (3).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Torontum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Torontum]] | [[Stadium BMO]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Torontensis)}}''' | '''45,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Bmo Field 2016 East Stand.jpg|frameless]] |} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 FIFA World Cup|Certamine Mundanum Pediludicum anni 2026}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/fifaworldcup2026/ Situs interretialis] {{Ludus-stipula}} [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2026]] hapvtkust660vu037ph0limdfz4hz08 3960257 3960256 2026-05-17T18:43:37Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Adumbratio:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)]] ad [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)]] praeter redirectionem: emendatus 3960256 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2026 FIFA World Cup emblem darkmode.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Logotypus]] certaminis.]] {{res|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum}} anni [[2026]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], [[Mexicum|Mexico]], et [[Canada]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[11 Iunii|11]] [[Iunius|Iunii]] 2026 usque ad diem [[19 Iulii|19]] [[Iulius|Iulii]] 2026 celebratum erit. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2026_world_cup_qualification_map.svg|thumb|[[Caeruleus]]: civitates ludentes; [[Azureus]]: civitates in qualificationes; [[Flavus]]: civitates non ludentes; [[Niger (color)|Niger]]: civitates exclusae.]] {{div col incipitur|5}} * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Canada]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ecuador.svg|20x20px]] [[Aequatoria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt.svg|20x20px]] [[Aegyptus]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Africa.svg|20x20px]] [[Africa Australis]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Algeria.svg|20x20px]] [[Algerium]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Anglia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|20x20px]] [[Arabia Saudita]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20x20px]] [[Argentina]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Australia.svg|20x20px]] [[Australia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Austria.svg|20x20px]] [[Austria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Belgium.svg|20x20px]] [[Belgica]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20x20px]] [[Brasilia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Capitis Viridis|Caput Viride]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Colombia.svg|20x20px]] [[Columbia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Korea.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Coreana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Croatia.svg|20x20px]] [[Croatia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Curaçao.svg|20x20px]] [[Curassavia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Francia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Germania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ghana.svg|20x20px]] [[Gana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Haiti.svg|20x20px]] [[Haitia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Switzerland.svg|20x20px]] [[Helvetia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|20x20px]] [[Hispania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Japan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iaponia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Jordan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iordania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20x20px]] [[Litus Eburneum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Morocco.svg|20x20px]] [[Marocum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Netherlands.svg|20x20px]] [[Nederlandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20x20px]] [[Nova Zelandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Norway.svg|20x20px]] [[Norvegia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Panama.svg|20x20px]] [[Panama]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Paraguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Paraquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20x20px]] [[Portugallia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Qatar.svg|20x20px]] [[Quataria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Scotland.svg|20x20px]] [[Scotia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Senegal.svg|20x20px]] [[Senegalia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20x20px]] [[Tunesia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Uruquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20x20px]] [[Uzbecia]] {{div col finitur}} == Loci ludorum == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ Index locorum ludorum |- ! scope="col" | Urbs ! scope="col" | Stadium ! scope="col" | Capacitas ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Imago |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Dallasium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Dallasium]]<br /><small>([[Arlintonia (Texia)|Arlintonia in Texia]])</small> | [[Stadium AT&T]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Dallasiensis)}}''' | '''94,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Cowboys stadium inside view 4.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Mexicopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicopolis]] | [[Stadium Azteca]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Mexicopoliensis)}}''' | '''83,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Soccer game at the Azteca Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Novum Eboracum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Novum Eboracum]]/[[Nova Caesarea]]<br /><small>([[Rutherfordia Orientalis]] in [[Nova Caesarea]])</small> | [[Stadium MetLife]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Neo-Eboracensis/Neo-Caesariensis)}}''' | '''82,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Copa America game between Columbia vs Peru at the MetLife Stadium.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Atlanta" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Atlanta]] | [[Stadium Mercedes-Benz]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Atlantensis)}}''' | '''75,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2017 Orlando City at Atlanta United MLS Game.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Kansanopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Kansanopolis (Missuria)|Kansanopolis]] in [[Missuria]] | [[Stadium Arrowhead]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Kansanopoliensis)}}''' | '''73,000''' | [[Fasciculus:25 July 2010 Kansas City Wizards vs Manchester United friendly.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Hustonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Hustonia]] | [[Stadium NRG]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Hustoniensis)}}''' | '''72,000''' | [[Fasciculus:NRG Stadium, LEAGUES CUP 2024 TIGRES INTER MIAMI.jnp.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Franciscopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis]]<br /><small>([[Santa Clara Comitatus]])</small> | [[Stadium Levii]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Franciscopoliensis)}}''' | '''71,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Entering Levi's Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Angelopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Angelopolis]]<br /><small>([[Inglewood]])</small> | [[Stadium SoFi]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Angelopoliensis)}}''' | '''70,000''' | [[Fasciculus:SoFi Stadium 23rd March 2025.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Philadelphia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Philadelphia]] | [[Stadium Lincoln Financial]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Philadelphiensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:United States v Paraguay, Copa América Centenario (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Seattlum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Seattlum]] | [[Stadium Lumen]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Seattlensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2025 FIFA Club World Cup - Seattle Sounders FC vs. Botafogo - 03.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Bostonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Bostonia]]<br /><small>([[Foxborough (Massachusetta)|Foxborough]] in [[Massachusetta]])</small> | [[Stadium Gillette]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Bostoniensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:New England Revolution vs Liga Deportivo Alajuense 2024-03-06 53571677017.jpg|frameless|Gillette Stadium]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Miamia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Miamia]] | [[Stadium Hard Rock]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Miamiensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Hard Rock Stadium Club World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Vancuverium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Vancuverium]] | [[Stadium BC Place]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium BC Place Vancuveriensis)}}''' | '''54,000''' | [[Fasciculus:BC Place 2015 Women's FIFA World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Monterrey" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Monterrey]]<br /><small>([[Guadalupia (Nova Legio)|Guadalupia]] in [[Nova Legio]])</small> | [[Stadium BBVA]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Monterreiensis)}}''' | '''53,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio BBVA Bancomer - Diciembre 2017.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Guadalaxara" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Guadalaxara (Mexicum)|Guadalaxara]]<br /><small>([[Zapopan]])</small> | [[Stadium Akron]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Guadalaxarensis)}}''' | '''48,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio Akron 02-07-2022 cabecera sur lado derecho (3).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Torontum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Torontum]] | [[Stadium BMO]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Torontensis)}}''' | '''45,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Bmo Field 2016 East Stand.jpg|frameless]] |} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 FIFA World Cup|Certamine Mundanum Pediludicum anni 2026}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/fifaworldcup2026/ Situs interretialis] {{Ludus-stipula}} [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2026]] hapvtkust660vu037ph0limdfz4hz08 3960259 3960257 2026-05-17T18:44:10Z Bartholomite 116968 3960259 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2026 FIFA World Cup emblem darkmode.svg|thumb|upright=0.5|[[Logotypus]] certaminis.]] {{res|Certamen Mundanum Pediludicum}} anni [[2026]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]], [[Mexicum|Mexico]], et [[Canada]] a turmis athleticis [[Pediludium|pediludicis]] virilibus a die [[11 Iunii|11]] [[Iunius|Iunii]] 2026 usque ad diem [[19 Iulii|19]] [[Iulius|Iulii]] 2026 celebratum erit. == Participes certaminis civitates == [[Fasciculus:2026_world_cup_qualification_map.svg|thumb|[[Caeruleus]]: civitates ludentes; [[Azureus]]: civitates in qualificationes; [[Flavus]]: civitates non ludentes; [[Niger (color)|Niger]]: civitates exclusae.]] {{div col incipitur|5}} * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Canada]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ecuador.svg|20x20px]] [[Aequatoria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Egypt.svg|20x20px]] [[Aegyptus]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Africa.svg|20x20px]] [[Africa Australis]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Algeria.svg|20x20px]] [[Algerium]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Anglia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Saudi Arabia.svg|20x20px]] [[Arabia Saudita]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Argentina.svg|20x20px]] [[Argentina]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Australia.svg|20x20px]] [[Australia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Austria.svg|20x20px]] [[Austria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Belgium.svg|20x20px]] [[Belgica]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Brazil.svg|20x20px]] [[Brasilia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Cape Verde.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Capitis Viridis|Caput Viride]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Colombia.svg|20x20px]] [[Columbia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of South Korea.svg|20x20px]] [[Res publica Coreana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Croatia.svg|20x20px]] [[Croatia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Curaçao.svg|20x20px]] [[Curassavia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Francia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Germania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ghana.svg|20x20px]] [[Gana]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Haiti.svg|20x20px]] [[Haitia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Switzerland.svg|20x20px]] [[Helvetia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|20x20px]] [[Hispania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Japan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iaponia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Jordan.svg|20x20px]] [[Iordania]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Ivory Coast.svg|20x20px]] [[Litus Eburneum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Morocco.svg|20x20px]] [[Marocum]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Netherlands.svg|20x20px]] [[Nederlandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of New Zealand.svg|20x20px]] [[Nova Zelandia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Norway.svg|20x20px]] [[Norvegia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Panama.svg|20x20px]] [[Panama]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Paraguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Paraquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Portugal.svg|20x20px]] [[Portugallia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Qatar.svg|20x20px]] [[Quataria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Scotland.svg|20x20px]] [[Scotia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Senegal.svg|20x20px]] [[Senegalia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Tunisia.svg|20x20px]] [[Tunesia]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uruguay.svg|20x20px]] [[Uruquaria]] * [[Fasciculus:Flag of Uzbekistan.svg|20x20px]] [[Uzbecia]] {{div col finitur}} == Loci ludorum == {| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" |+ Index locorum ludorum |- ! scope="col" | Urbs ! scope="col" | Stadium ! scope="col" | Capacitas ! scope="col" class="unsortable" | Imago |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Dallasium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Dallasium]]<br /><small>([[Arlintonia (Texia)|Arlintonia in Texia]])</small> | [[Stadium AT&T]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Dallasiensis)}}''' | '''94,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Cowboys stadium inside view 4.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Mexicopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Mexicopolis]] | [[Stadium Azteca]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Mexicopoliensis)}}''' | '''83,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Soccer game at the Azteca Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Novum Eboracum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Novum Eboracum]]/[[Nova Caesarea]]<br /><small>([[Rutherfordia Orientalis]] in [[Nova Caesarea]])</small> | [[Stadium MetLife]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Neo-Eboracensis/Neo-Caesariensis)}}''' | '''82,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Copa America game between Columbia vs Peru at the MetLife Stadium.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Atlanta" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Atlanta]] | [[Stadium Mercedes-Benz]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Atlantensis)}}''' | '''75,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2017 Orlando City at Atlanta United MLS Game.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Kansanopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Kansanopolis (Missuria)|Kansanopolis]] in [[Missuria]] | [[Stadium Arrowhead]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Kansanopoliensis)}}''' | '''73,000''' | [[Fasciculus:25 July 2010 Kansas City Wizards vs Manchester United friendly.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Hustonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Hustonia]] | [[Stadium NRG]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Hustoniensis)}}''' | '''72,000''' | [[Fasciculus:NRG Stadium, LEAGUES CUP 2024 TIGRES INTER MIAMI.jnp.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Franciscopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Regio Sinuosa Franciscopolis]]<br /><small>([[Santa Clara Comitatus]])</small> | [[Stadium Levii]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Franciscopoliensis)}}''' | '''71,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Entering Levi's Stadium.JPG|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Angelopolis" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Angelopolis]]<br /><small>([[Inglewood]])</small> | [[Stadium SoFi]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Angelopoliensis)}}''' | '''70,000''' | [[Fasciculus:SoFi Stadium 23rd March 2025.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Philadelphia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Philadelphia]] | [[Stadium Lincoln Financial]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Philadelphiensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:United States v Paraguay, Copa América Centenario (cropped).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Seattlum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Seattlum]] | [[Stadium Lumen]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Seattlensis)}}''' | '''69,000''' | [[Fasciculus:2025 FIFA Club World Cup - Seattle Sounders FC vs. Botafogo - 03.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Bostonia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Bostonia]]<br /><small>([[Foxborough (Massachusetta)|Foxborough]] in [[Massachusetta]])</small> | [[Stadium Gillette]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Bostoniensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:New England Revolution vs Liga Deportivo Alajuense 2024-03-06 53571677017.jpg|frameless|Gillette Stadium]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Miamia" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of USA.svg|20x20px]] [[Miamia]] | [[Stadium Hard Rock]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Miamiensis)}}''' | '''65,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Hard Rock Stadium Club World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Vancuverium" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Vancuverium]] | [[Stadium BC Place]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium BC Place Vancuveriensis)}}''' | '''54,000''' | [[Fasciculus:BC Place 2015 Women's FIFA World Cup.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Monterrey" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Monterrey]]<br /><small>([[Guadalupia (Nova Legio)|Guadalupia]] in [[Nova Legio]])</small> | [[Stadium BBVA]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Monterreiensis)}}''' | '''53,500''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio BBVA Bancomer - Diciembre 2017.jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Guadalaxara" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Mexico.svg|20x20px]] [[Guadalaxara (Mexicum)|Guadalaxara]]<br /><small>([[Zapopan]])</small> | [[Stadium Akron]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Guadalaxarensis)}}''' | '''48,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Estadio Akron 02-07-2022 cabecera sur lado derecho (3).jpg|frameless]] |- ! style="text-align:left" data-sort-value="Torontum" | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Canada.svg|20x20px]] [[Torontum]] | [[Stadium BMO]]<br />'''{{small|(Stadium Torontensis)}}''' | '''45,000''' | [[Fasciculus:Bmo Field 2016 East Stand.jpg|frameless]] |} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|2026 FIFA World Cup|Certamine Mundanum Pediludicum anni 2026}} * [https://www.fifa.com/worldcup/fifaworldcup2026/ Situs interretialis] [[Categoria:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium]] [[Categoria:2026]] o5mn5213rlzprcxow2xsuc1y4t5nvx9 0 324083 3960182 3960129 2026-05-17T13:10:31Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960182 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Goerz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberfell]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberfischbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Ober-Flörsheim]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obergeckler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhaid (Occidentalis Silva)|Oberhaid]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhambach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhausen (bei Bad Bergzabern)|Oberhausen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(bei Bad Bergzabern)</small> * [[Oberhausen an der Appel]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhausen an der Nahe]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhausen bei Kirn]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberheimbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Ober-Hilbersheim]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhonnefeld-Gierend]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberhosenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberirsen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberkail]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberkirn]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Ober Kostenz]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberlahr]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberlascheid]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberlauch]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberneisen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obernhof]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberöfflingen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Ober-Olm]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberotterbach]] <ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberpierscheid]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberraden]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberreidenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberrod]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberroßbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberscheidweiler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberschlettenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersimten]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstadtfeld]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstaufenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstedem]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersteinebach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstreit]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersülzen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obertiefenbach (Taunus)|Obertiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwallmenach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwambach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler (Eiflia)|Oberweiler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Oberweiler im Tal]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweis]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwies]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwiesen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwörresbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberzissen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obrigheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Ochtendung]] * [[Ockenfels]] * [[Ockenheim]] * [[Ockfen]] * [[Odenbach]] * [[Odernheim am Glan]] * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] 2cmy1o40f68ltt9sn2ad2ltnf2dgi8h 3960193 3960182 2026-05-17T14:45:59Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960193 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Goerz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Oberlauch]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberndorf (Pfalz)|Oberndorf]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberneisen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obernhof]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberöfflingen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Ober-Olm]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberotterbach]] <ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberpierscheid]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberraden]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberreidenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberrod]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberroßbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberscheidweiler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberschlettenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersimten]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstadtfeld]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstaufenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstedem]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersteinebach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberstreit]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersülzen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obertiefenbach (Taunus)|Obertiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwallmenach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwambach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler (Eiflia)|Oberweiler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Oberweiler im Tal]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweis]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwies]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwiesen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwörresbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberzissen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obrigheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Ochtendung]] * [[Ockenfels]] * [[Ockenheim]] * [[Ockfen]] * [[Odenbach]] * [[Odernheim am Glan]] * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] ebi9aol7ed3vbrz1io9c20yth6cd1kx 3960225 3960193 2026-05-17T16:53:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Goerz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Oberstreit]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obersülzen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obertiefenbach (Taunus)|Obertiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwallmenach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwambach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler (Eiflia)|Oberweiler]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Oberweiler im Tal]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweiler-Tiefenbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberweis]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwies]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwiesen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberwörresbach]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Oberzissen]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/> * [[Obrigheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Ochtendung]] * [[Ockenfels]] * [[Ockenheim]] * [[Ockfen]] * [[Odenbach]] * [[Odernheim am Glan]] * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/ <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] ixwbq7ukm8enxek4olspwfshx3dho5e 3960255 3960225 2026-05-17T18:42:17Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960255 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/ <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] p639jrqp7d8jdzlaei5vs9b0nlckd0y 3960260 3960255 2026-05-17T18:54:32Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960260 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/ <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] bfemlpew4bwaiaugl1ncob2sbr92wf0 3960261 3960260 2026-05-17T19:01:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960261 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Musche]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsberg]] * [[Offenbach an der Queich]] * [[Offenbach-Hundheim]] * [[Offenheim]] * [[Offstein]] * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Ohlenhard]] * [[Ohlweiler]] * [[Ohmbach]] * [[Ollmuth]] * [[Olmscheid]] * [[Olsbrücken]] * [[Olsdorf (Eiflia)|Olsdorf]] * [[Ölsen]] * [[Olzheim]] * [[Onsdorf]] * [[Oppertshausen]] * [[Orbis]] * [[Orenhofen]] * [[Orfgen]] * [[Orlenbach]] * [[Ormont]] * [[Orsfeld]] * [[Osann-Monzel]] * [[Osburg]] * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] * [[Ottersheim]] * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] * [[Otterstadt]] * [[Ötzingen]] * [[Otzweiler]] * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] boq37gq8xx5rl4ehlyfuaiqc7irpeob 3960275 3960261 2026-05-17T20:39:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960275 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Almuthemarca]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz III 1874">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vol. III. Vom Jahre 1260 bis 1350''. J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ollmuth'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anansdorfa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Onsdorf'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Ilunwilare]]<ref name="Doll VII 1892">Doll, L. (1892). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins: Vol. XLVI - Neue Folge Band VII''. Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde en Baden-Württemberg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ohlwilla'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Noctuarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlenhard'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Muska]]<ref name="Böttger IV 1875">Böttger, H. (1875). ''Diöcesan- und Gau-Grenzen Norddeutschlands zwischen Oder, Main, Rehn und Westsee: Vol. IV''. Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I & II''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsenus]]<ref name="Lacomblet IV 1858">Lacomblet, T. J. (1858). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln: Vol. IV. Von dem Jahre 1401 bis 1600''. H. Voss.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ölsen'')</small> * [[Offenbaca ad Queicham]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach an der Queich'')</small> * [[Offenbacum-Hundheimium]]<ref name="Glasschröder 1930">Glasschröder, F. X. (1930). ''Neue Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. Pfälzische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach-Hundheim'')</small> * [[Offenheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein XII 1789">Würdtwein, S. A. (1789). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. XII''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenheim'')</small> * [[Offsteinum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. V''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offstein'')</small> * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Olesbergus]]<ref name="Staatsarchiv Basel II 1893">Staatsarchiv Basel (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Basel: Vol. II''. In Commission bei R. Reich.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oelsberg'')</small> * [[Olesbrucus]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsbrücken'')</small> * [[Olmscheidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734">Schannat, J. F. (1734). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis: Lugubres Wormatiae Demolitiones, et Eiusdem Ecclesiae Cathedralis Statuta: Vol. I''. Apud Joannem Benjamini Andreae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olmscheid'')</small> * [[Olsdorfus (Eiflia)|Olsdorfus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsdorf'')</small> * [[Ompacus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Acta Academica Theodoro-Palatina: Regesten der Grafen von Veldenz: Vol. I''. Verlag der K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhandlung von B. G. Teubner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohmbach'')</small> * [[Oprethushusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppertshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Obberdsche'')</small> * [[Orbis]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Orenhofen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Orfgen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Orlenbach]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Ormont]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Orsfeld]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Osann-Monzel]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Osburg]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Osterspai]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbach (Westpfalz)|Otterbach]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Ottersheim]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Ottersheim bei Landau]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Otterstadt]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Ötzingen]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Otzweiler]] <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Ulmezum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olzheim'')</small> * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen; et: Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vo 2): Kopialbuch, Tomus 1: Oberrhein-, Lobden-, Worms-, Nahe- und Speiergau''. Historische Kommission für den Volksstaat Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] rjudsvrco4z7scarm0yie730yb9idaq 3960286 3960275 2026-05-17T22:34:52Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3960286 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. (s. f.). [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Almuthemarca]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz III 1874">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vol. III. Vom Jahre 1260 bis 1350''. J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ollmuth'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anansdorfa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Onsdorf'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelen]]<ref name="Schannat & Bär III 1909">Schannat, J. F., & Bär, M. (1909). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 3). Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. (s. f.). ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Ilunwilare]]<ref name="Doll VII 1892">Doll, L. (1892). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins: Vol. XLVI - Neue Folge Band VII''. Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde en Baden-Württemberg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ohlwilla'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg'' (s. f.)</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Noctuarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlenhard'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Muska]]<ref name="Böttger IV 1875">Böttger, H. (1875). ''Diöcesan- und Gau-Grenzen Norddeutschlands zwischen Oder, Main, Rehn und Westsee: Vol. IV''. Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I & II''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsenus]]<ref name="Lacomblet IV 1858">Lacomblet, T. J. (1858). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln: Vol. IV. Von dem Jahre 1401 bis 1600''. H. Voss.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ölsen'')</small> * [[Oetzingus]]<ref name="Hardt 2001"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ötzingen'')</small> * [[Offenbaca ad Queicham]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach an der Queich'')</small> * [[Offenbacum-Hundheimium]]<ref name="Glasschröder 1930">Glasschröder, F. X. (1930). ''Neue Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. Pfälzische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach-Hundheim'')</small> * [[Offenheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein XII 1789">Würdtwein, S. A. (1789). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. XII''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenheim'')</small> * [[Offsteinum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. V''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offstein'')</small> * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Olesbergus]]<ref name="Staatsarchiv Basel II 1893">Staatsarchiv Basel (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Basel: Vol. II''. In Commission bei R. Reich.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oelsberg'')</small> * [[Olesbrucus]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsbrücken'')</small> * [[Olmscheidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734">Schannat, J. F. (1734). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis: Lugubres Wormatiae Demolitiones, et Eiusdem Ecclesiae Cathedralis Statuta: Vol. I''. Apud Joannem Benjamini Andreae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olmscheid'')</small> * [[Olsdorfus (Eiflia)|Olsdorfus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsdorf'')</small> * [[Ompacus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Acta Academica Theodoro-Palatina: Regesten der Grafen von Veldenz: Vol. I''. Verlag der K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhandlung von B. G. Teubner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohmbach'')</small> * [[Oprethushusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppertshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Obberdsche'')</small> * [[Orbis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Orbis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Orbis''; [[Palatinice]] ''Orwiss'')</small> * [[Orfgenum]]<ref name="Hardt 2001">Hardt, A. (2001). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rhenanus Regesta Wedana Repertorium – Rheinisches Urkundenbuch (845 - 2001): Geschichte und Genealogien der Grafschaften Arnstein, Isenburg, Wied-Runkel, Wied-Neuwied, Kobern und Arenfels''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Orfgen'')</small> * [[Orlenbachus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orlenbach'')</small> * [[Ormondus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ormont'')</small> * [[Ornava]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orenhofen'')</small> * [[Orsfeldus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orsfeld'')</small> * [[Osanna-Munscellum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osann-Monzel'')</small> * [[Osburgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Öhsborsch'')</small> * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbacus]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch 1994">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (1994). ''Urkundenbuch de Stadt Kaiserslautern: Bd. 1. Bis 1322''. Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Kaiserslautern.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterbach'')</small> * [[Ottersheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ottersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Odderschem'')</small> * [[Ottersheimum prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ottersheim bei Landau'')</small> * [[Otterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterstadt'')</small> * [[Otzinvilare]]<ref name="Arnold 1875">Arnold, W. (1875). ''Ansiedelungen und Wanderungen deutscher Stämme: Zunáchst nach den Ortsnamen (Alemannische Endung weil und weiler, lat. villa villare)''. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Otzweiler'')</small> * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palzem]] * [[Pantenburg]] * [[Panzweiler]] * [[Partenheim]] * [[Paschel]] * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersberg]] * [[Peffingen]] * [[Pellingen]] * [[Pelm]] * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheid]] * [[Petersberg (Pfalz)|Petersberg]] * [[Peterslahr]] * [[Peterswald-Löffelscheid]] * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Pfaffen-Schwabenheim]] * [[Pfalzfeld]] * [[Pfeffelbach]] * [[Philippsheim]] * [[Pickließem]] * [[Piesport]] * [[Pillig]] * [[Pintesfeld]] * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbach]] * [[Plaidt]] * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheid]] * [[Platten (bei Wittlich)|Platten]] * [[Pleckhausen]] * [[Plein]] * [[Pleisweiler-Oberhofen]] * [[Pleitersheim]] * [[Pleizenhausen]] * [[Plütscheid]] * [[Pluwig]] * [[Pohl (Nassau)|Pohl]] * [[Pölich]] * [[Pommern (Mosel)|Pommern]] * [[Pomster]] * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Pottum]] * [[Pracht]] * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Prath]] * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Preischeid]] * [[Preist]] * [[Pronsfeld]] * [[Prümzurlay]] * [[Puderbach]] * [[Pünderich]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Queidersbach]] * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Quiddelbach]] * [[Quirnbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirnbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Quirnbach/Pfalz]] * [[Quirnheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksen]] * [[Ralingen]] * [[Ramberg (Pfalz)|Ramberg]] * [[Rammelsbach]] * [[Ramsen (Pfalz)|Ramsen]] * [[Ranschbach]] * [[Ransweiler]] * [[Rascheid]] * [[Rathskirchen]] * [[Rathsweiler]] * [[Ratzert]] * [[Raubach]] * [[Raumbach]] * [[Ravengiersburg]] * [[Raversbeuren]] * [[Rayerschied]] * [[Rech]] * [[Reckenroth]] * [[Reckershausen]] * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Rehbach (bei Sobernheim)|Rehbach]] * [[Rehborn]] * [[Rehe (Occidentalis Silva)|Rehe]] * [[Rehweiler]] * [[Reich (Tergum Caninum)|Reich]] * [[Reichenbach (bei Baumholder)|Reichenbach]] * [[Reichenbach-Steegen]] * [[Reichenberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Reichenberg]] * [[Reichsthal]] * [[Reichweiler]] * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reidenhausen]] * [[Reifenberg]] * [[Reiferscheid]] * [[Reiff]] * [[Reiffelbach]] * [[Reifferscheid]] * [[Reil]] * [[Reimerath]] * [[Reinsfeld]] * [[Reipeldingen]] * [[Reipoltskirchen]] * [[Reitzenhain (Taunus)|Reitzenhain]] * [[Relsberg]] * [[Rengsdorf]] * [[Retterath]] * [[Rettersen]] * [[Rettershain]] * [[Rettert]] * [[Reudelsterz]] * [[Reuth (Eiflia)|Reuth]] * [[Rhaunen]] * [[Rheinbreitbach]] * [[Rheinbrohl]] * [[Rheinzabern]] * [[Rhodt unter Rietburg]] * [[Riedelberg]] * [[Rieden (Eiflia)|Rieden]] * [[Riegenroth]] * [[Rieschweiler-Mühlbach]] * [[Riesweiler]] * [[Rimsberg]] * [[Rinnthal]] * [[Rinzenberg]] * [[Riol]] * [[Rittersdorf (Eiflia)|Rittersdorf]] * [[Rittersheim]] * [[Rivenich]] * [[Riveris]] * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref>Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Rockeskyll]] * [[Rodder]] * [[Rödelhausen]] * [[Rodenbach (Westpfalz)|Rodenbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rodenbach bei Puderbach]] * [[Rödern (Tergum Caninum)|Rödern]] * [[Rodershausen]] * [[Rödersheim-Gronau]] * [[Roes]] * [[Röhl]] * [[Rohrbach (bei Baumholder)|Rohrbach]] <small>(bei Baumholder)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Rohrbach (Pfalz)|Rohrbach]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Römerberg (Pfalz)|Römerberg]] * [[Rommersheim]] * [[Rorodt]] * [[Roschbach]] * [[Roscheid]] * [[Rosenheim (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Rosenheim]] * [[Rosenkopf]] * [[Roßbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Roßbach]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Roßbach (Wied)|Roßbach]] <small>(Wied)</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotenhain]] * [[Roth (Landkreis Altenkirchen)|Roth]] <small>(Landkreis Altenkirchen)</small> * [[Roth (bei Stromberg)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Roth (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roth]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Roth an der Our]] * [[Roth bei Prüm]] * [[Rothenbach]] * [[Rothselberg]] * [[Rötsweiler-Nockenthal]] * [[Rott (Occidentalis Silva)|Rott]] * [[Roxheim]] * [[Rüber]] * [[Rückeroth]] * [[Rückweiler]] * [[Rüdesheim (ad Navam)|Rüdesheim]] * [[Rülzheim]] * [[Rumbach]] * [[Rümmelsheim]] * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppach-Goldhausen]] * [[Ruppertsecken]] * [[Ruppertsberg]] * [[Ruppertshofen (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Ruppertshofen]] * [[Ruppertsweiler]] * [[Ruschberg]] * [[Rüscheid]] * [[Rüssingen]] * [[Ruthweiler]] * [[Rutsweiler am Glan]] * [[Rutsweiler an der Lauter]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Saalstadt]] * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffig]] * [[Salm (Eiflia)|Salm]] * [[Salmtal]] * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salz (Occidentalis Silva)|Salz]] * [[Salzburg (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburg]] * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sankt Alban (Pfalz)|Sankt Alban]] * [[Sankt Aldegund]] * [[Sankt Johann (prope Magniacum)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Johann (Hassia Rhenana)|Sankt Johann]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Julian]] * [[Sankt Katharinen (prope Cruciniacum)|Sankt Katharinen]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Sankt Katharinen (Landkreis Neuwied)]] * [[Sankt Martin (Pfalz)|Sankt Martin]] * [[Sankt Sebastian (am Rhein)|Sankt Sebastian]] * [[Sankt Thomas (Eiflia)|Sankt Thomas]] * [[Sargenroth]] * [[Sarmersbach]] * [[Sassen (Eiflia)|Sassen]] * [[Sauerthal]] * [[Saulheim]] * [[Saxler]] * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Schalkenbach]] * [[Schalkenmehren]] * [[Schallodenbach]] * [[Schankweiler]] * [[Scharfbillig]] * [[Schauerberg]] * [[Schauren (bei Blankenrath)|Schauren]] <small>(bei Blankenrath)</small> * [[Schauren (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Schauren]] <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> * [[Scheibenhardt]] * [[Scheid (Eiflia)|Scheid]] * [[Scheidt (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scheidt]] * [[Scheitenkorb]] * [[Schellweiler]] * [[Schenkelberg]] * [[Scheuerfeld]] * [[Scheuern]] * [[Schiersfeld]] * [[Schiesheim]] * [[Schillingen]] * [[Schindhard]] * [[Schladt]] * [[Schleich]] * [[Schleid (prope Bedense Castrum)|Schleid]] * [[Schlierschied]] * [[Schloßböckelheim]] * [[Schmalenberg]] * [[Schmidthachenbach]] * [[Schmißberg]] * [[Schmitshausen]] * [[Schmitt (Eiflia)|Schmitt]] * [[Schmittweiler]] * [[Schneckenhausen]] * [[Schneppenbach]] * [[Schnorbach]] * [[Schoden]] * [[Schömerich]] * [[Schönau (Pfalz)]] * [[Schönbach (Eiflia)|Schönbach]] * [[Schönberg (bei Thalfang)|Schönberg]] * [[Schönborn (Tergum Caninum)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Pfalz)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schönborn (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Schönborn]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Schöndorf (an der Ruwer)|Schöndorf]] * [[Schöneberg (Tergum Caninum)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Schöneberg (Occidentalis Silva)|Schöneberg]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Schönecken]] * [[Schönenberg-Kübelberg]] * [[Schopp]] * [[Schornsheim]] * [[Schuld (Ahr)|Schuld]] * [[Schüller]] * [[Schürdt]] * [[Schutz (Eiflia)|Schutz]] * [[Schutzbach]] * [[Schwabenheim an der Selz]] * [[Schwall (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Schwall]] * [[Schwanheim (Pfalz)|Schwanheim]] * [[Schwarzen]] * [[Schwarzenborn (Eiflia)|Schwarzenborn]] * [[Schwarzerden]] * [[Schwedelbach]] * [[Schwegenheim]] * [[Schweigen-Rechtenbach]] * [[Schweighausen]] * [[Schweighofen]] * [[Schweinschied]] * [[Schweisweiler]] * [[Schweix]] * [[Schweppenhausen]] * [[Schwerbach]] * [[Schwirzheim]] * [[Schwollen]] * [[Seck]] * [[Seelbach (Nassau)|Seelbach]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Seelbach bei Hamm (Sieg)]] * [[Seelbach (Occidentalis Silva)]] * [[Seelen]] * [[Seesbach]] * [[Seffern]] * [[Sefferweich]] * [[Sehlem (Eiflia)|Sehlem]] * [[Seibersbach]] * [[Seifen (Occidentalis Silva)|Seifen]] * [[Seinsfeld]] * [[Seiwerath]] * [[Selbach (Sieg)]] * [[Selchenbach]] * [[Sellerich]] * [[Selzen]] * [[Sembach]] * [[Sengerich]] * [[Senheim]] * [[Senscheid]] * [[Sensweiler]] * [[Serrig]] * [[Sessenbach]] * [[Sessenhausen]] * [[Sevenig bei Neuerburg]] * [[Sevenig (Our)]] * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Spaya Superior]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osterspai'')</small> * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalfang]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmet]] * [[Ulmezum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olzheim'')</small> * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen; et: Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vo 2): Kopialbuch, Tomus 1: Oberrhein-, Lobden-, Worms-, Nahe- und Speiergau''. Historische Kommission für den Volksstaat Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (s. f.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] 51hmvb6h4ufi55o4o0sk2g3312agae5 0 324343 3960444 3955086 2026-05-18T11:44:27Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3960444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Invidus invidia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIII reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Invidus invidia comburitur intus et extra. Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis. Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Maius tormentum. qui non moderabitur ire, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit aut mens.<ref> Horatius, Ep. 1, 2, 57-60</ref> Invidiosus ego, non invidus esse laboro. Iustius invidia nichil est, que protinus ipsos Corripit auctores excruciatque suos. Invidiam nimio cultu vitare memento.<ref> Dist. Caton. 2, 13, 1</ref><ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est collectio [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiarum moralium]] quae naturam destruentem invidiae mactant et vituperant. Scriptor variis auctoritatibus utitur ad demonstrandum quomodo invidia non solum alios petat, sed ipsum invidum cruciet et consumat. Prima sententia declarat invidum "intus et extra" incendi, significans hunc morbum animi totum hominem invadere.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In secunda parte, auctor versus ex [[Horatius|Horatii]] ''[[Epistulae (Horatius)|Epistulis]]'' affert, ubi dicitur invidiam esse tormentum gravius quam ulla crudelitas [[tyrannis|tyrannorum]] [[Sicilia insula|Siculorum]] inventa. Describitur invidus qui, cum aliena prosperitate tabescat, nisi iram moderabitur, postea paenitebit id quod dolor aut mens impulerit fieri. Hoc momentum exprimit necessitatem temperantiae contra impetus animi iniquos.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultimis partibus, carmen paradoxon iustitiae invidiae proponit, quia ipsa autores suos excruciat, et finem facit admonitione e Distichis Catonis sumpta. Scriptor lectorem hortatur ad invidiam vitandam, etiam per moderationem in victu vel cultu, ne alienis oculis stimulum praebeat. Sic carmen, per flosculos auctorum classicorum, ethicam socialem et personalem goliardicam instruit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] bgm2b2ywnpx20otl7z3l5wijx26ji8h 3960445 3960444 2026-05-18T11:49:09Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3960445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Invidus invidia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIII reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Invidus invidia comburitur intus et extra. Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis. Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Maius tormentum. qui non moderabitur ire, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit aut mens.<ref> Horatius, Ep. 1, 2, 57-60</ref> Invidiosus ego, non invidus esse laboro. Iustius invidia nichil est, que protinus ipsos Corripit auctores excruciatque suos. Invidiam nimio cultu vitare memento.<ref> Dist. Caton. 2, 13, 1</ref><ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est collectio [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiarum moralium]] quae naturam destruentem invidiae mactant et vituperant. Scriptor variis auctoritatibus utitur ad demonstrandum quomodo invidia non solum alios petat, sed ipsum invidum cruciet et consumat. Prima sententia declarat invidum "intus et extra" incendi, significans hunc morbum animi totum hominem invadere.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In secunda parte, auctor versus ex [[Horatius|Horatii]] ''[[Epistulae (Horatius)|Epistulis]]'' affert, ubi dicitur invidiam esse [[Tormenta|tormentum]] gravius quam ulla crudelitas [[tyrannis|tyrannorum]] [[Sicilia insula|Siculorum]] inventa. Describitur invidus qui, cum aliena prosperitate tabescat, nisi iram moderabitur, postea paenitebit id quod dolor aut mens impulerit fieri. Hoc momentum exprimit necessitatem [[Temperantia|temperantiae]] contra impetus animi iniquos.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultimis partibus, carmen [[Paradoxum|paradoxon]] iustitiae invidiae proponit, quia ipsa autores suos excruciat, et finem facit admonitione e [[Disticha Catonis|Distichis Catonis]] sumpta. Scriptor lectorem hortatur ad invidiam vitandam, etiam per moderationem in victu vel cultu, ne alienis oculis stimulum praebeat. Sic carmen, per flosculos auctorum classicorum, [[Ethica|ethicam]] socialem et personalem [[Goliardia|goliardicam]] instruit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] rmho6jt9w8g6h7tef1oh9rjxw9jw58o 3960446 3960445 2026-05-18T11:50:53Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3960446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Invidus invidia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIII reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Invidus invidia comburitur intus et extra. Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis. Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Maius tormentum. qui non moderabitur ire, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit aut mens.<ref> Horatius, Ep. 1, 2, 57-60</ref> Invidiosus ego, non invidus esse laboro. Iustius invidia nichil est, que protinus ipsos Corripit auctores excruciatque suos. Invidiam nimio cultu vitare memento.<ref> Dist. Caton. 2, 13, 1</ref><ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est collectio [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiarum moralium]] quae naturam destruentem invidiae mactant et vituperant. Scriptor variis auctoritatibus utitur ad demonstrandum quomodo invidia non solum alios petat, sed ipsum invidum cruciet et consumat. Prima sententia declarat invidum "intus et extra" incendi, significans hunc morbum animi totum hominem invadere.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In secunda parte, auctor versus ex [[Horatius|Horatii]] ''[[Epistulae (Horatius)|Epistulis]]'' affert, ubi dicitur invidiam esse [[cruciatus|tormentum]] gravius quam ulla crudelitas [[tyrannis|tyrannorum]] [[Sicilia insula|Siculorum]] inventa. Describitur invidus qui, cum aliena prosperitate tabescat, nisi iram moderabitur, postea paenitebit id quod dolor aut mens impulerit fieri. Hoc momentum exprimit necessitatem [[Temperantia|temperantiae]] contra impetus animi iniquos.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultimis partibus, carmen [[Paradoxum|paradoxon]] iustitiae invidiae proponit, quia ipsa autores suos excruciat, et finem facit admonitione e [[Disticha Catonis|Distichis Catonis]] sumpta. Scriptor lectorem hortatur ad invidiam vitandam, etiam per moderationem in victu vel cultu, ne alienis oculis stimulum praebeat. Sic carmen, per flosculos auctorum classicorum, [[Ethica|ethicam]] socialem et personalem [[Goliardia|goliardicam]] instruit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] cfc7n7ozf5qug42vtnqb11wge5ouuy7 3960447 3960446 2026-05-18T11:51:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3960447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Invidus invidia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIII reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Invidus invidia comburitur intus et extra. Invidus alterius rebus macrescit opimis. Invidia Siculi non invenere tyranni Maius tormentum. qui non moderabitur ire, Infectum volet esse, dolor quod suaserit aut mens.<ref> Horatius, Ep. 1, 2, 57-60</ref> Invidiosus ego, non invidus esse laboro. Iustius invidia nichil est, que protinus ipsos Corripit auctores excruciatque suos. Invidiam nimio cultu vitare memento.<ref> Dist. Caton. 2, 13, 1</ref><ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen est collectio [[Sententia (gnome)|sententiarum moralium]] quae naturam destruentem invidiae mactant et vituperant. Scriptor variis auctoritatibus utitur ad demonstrandum quomodo invidia non solum alios petat, sed ipsum invidum cruciet et consumat. Prima sententia declarat invidum "intus et extra" incendi, significans hunc morbum animi totum hominem invadere.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In secunda parte, auctor versus ex [[Horatius|Horatii]] ''[[Epistulae (Horatius)|Epistulis]]'' affert, ubi dicitur invidiam esse [[cruciatus|tormentum]] gravius quam ulla crudelitas [[tyrannis|tyrannorum]] [[Sicilia insula|Siculorum]] inventa. Describitur invidus qui, cum aliena prosperitate tabescat, nisi iram moderabitur, postea paenitebit id quod dolor aut mens impulerit fieri. Hoc momentum exprimit necessitatem [[Temperantia|temperantiae]] contra impetus animi iniquos.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In ultimis partibus, carmen [[Paradoxum|paradoxon]] iustitiae invidiae proponit, quia ipsa autores suos excruciat, et finem facit admonitione e ''[[Disticha Catonis|Distichis Catonis]]'' sumpta. Scriptor lectorem hortatur ad invidiam vitandam, etiam per moderationem in victu vel cultu, ne alienis oculis stimulum praebeat. Sic carmen, per flosculos auctorum classicorum, [[Ethica|ethicam]] socialem et personalem [[Goliardia|goliardicam]] instruit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] cz2a9qe9gymkik03wx9lk8cxfgrkpb6 0 324935 3960298 3959410 2026-05-18T00:36:31Z Rafaelgarcia 1771 nexus nonnulli 3960298 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Electronica usui domestico destinata''' sunt apparatus electronici ad usum domesticum quotidianum, oblectationem, communicationem, et relaxationem destinati. Inter quae etiam hodie numeri possunt instrumenta domestica, ut [[machina lavandi|machinas lavandi]] et [[refrigeratorium|refrigeratoria]], quae [[moderamen|moderaminibus]] et [[interfacies|interfaciebus electronicis]] instructa sunt. [[File:Radio&TV store 1961.jpg|thumb|Taberna radiophona and televisoria vendens anno 1961.]] '''Historia et Evolutio''' [[Radio]]phonica emissio ineunte saeculo vicesimo primum productum populare attulit: receptaculum radiophonicum. Postea accesserunt [[telephonum|telephona]], [[televisorium|televisoria]], [[calculatrum|calculatra]], [[camara]]e, [[consoles lusoriae]], [[telephona mobilia]], [[computatra personalia]], et [[dispositivus MP3|dispositivos MP3]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, tabernae haec instrumenta vendentes saepe [[GPS]], [[electronica autocinetica]], instrumenta [[musica synthetica]], [[machina karaoke|machinas karaoke]], et [[dispositivus visificus|dispositivos visificos]] (e.g. VCR, DVD, et Blu-ray) praebebant. Hodie etiam venduntur: [[perspicilla realitatis virtualis]], [[instrumenta domestica callida]] quae ad [[interrete]] connectunt, et [[technologiae gestabiles]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, plurima haec instrumenta technologiis digitalibus nitebantur et cum [[industria computatralis|industriis computatralibus]] et [[industrai lusoria|lusoriis]] coaluerunt. Mercatus hic, a [[semiconductrum|semiconductris]] impulsus, anno bismillesimo vicesimo ad $2.9 trilliones pervenire sperabatur. '''Res Gestae''' '''[[Radiophonia]] et [[tubus vacuus|Tubi Vacui]]:''' Initio [[phonographum|phonographa]] mechanica erant, sed annis 1920 radiophonia fundamentum productionis massivae iecit. Tubi vacui ad sonum amplificandum in grammophonis et radiophonis adhibiti sunt. [[Transistrum|'''Transistra''']]: Primis transistris a [[Ioannes Bardeen|Ioanne Bardeen]] et [[Gualterius Brattain|Gualterio Houser Brattain]] anno 1947 inventis, Sony hanc technologiam ad usum popularem convertit. [[Circuitus integratus|'''Circuitus integrati''']]''':''' Haec technologia instrumenta minioris dimensionis et provectiora reddidit, ut computatra personalia. '''Digitalizatio:''' Ab annis 1980, inductione [[Discus compactus|Discorum Compactorum (CD)]] et computatrorum, machinae ad [[Signum digitale|Signa digitalia]] transierunt, secundum [[Lex Mooriana|Legem Moorianam]] (Moore's Law) quae potentiam auxit et magnitudinem minuit. Anno 2004, haec industria $240 billiones valebat, cum dominatu Sony, Samsung, et Philips. 8vuq405q7hrrdj5gtl4bkwwgl0soupj 3960305 3960298 2026-05-18T01:17:46Z IacobusAmor 1163 3960305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|5}} '''Electronica usui domestico destinata''' sunt [[electronica|apparatus electronici]] ad usum domesticum quotidianum, oblectationem, [[communicatio]]nem, et relaxationem destinati. Inter quae etiam hodie numeri possunt instrumenta domestica, ut [[machina lavandi|machinas lavandi]] et [[refrigeratorium|refrigeratoria]], quae [[moderamen|moderaminibus]] et [[interfacies|interfaciebus electronicis]] instructa sunt. [[Fasciculus:Radio&TV store 1961.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Taberna radiophona and televisoria vendens anno 1961.]] ==Historia et evolutio== [[Radio]]phonica emissio ineunte saeculo vicesimo primum productum populare attulit: receptaculum radiophonicum. Postea accesserunt [[telephonum|telephona]], [[televisorium|televisoria]], [[calculatrum|calculatra]], [[camara]]e, [[consoles lusoriae]], [[telephona mobilia]], [[computatra personalia]], et [[dispositivus MP3|dispositivos MP3]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, tabernae haec instrumenta vendentes saepe [[GPS]], [[electronica autocinetica]], instrumenta [[musica synthetica]], [[machina karaoke|machinas karaoke]], et [[dispositivus visificus|dispositivos visificos]] (e.g. VCR, DVD, et Blu-ray) praebebant. Hodie etiam venduntur: [[perspicilla realitatis virtualis]], [[instrumenta domestica callida]] quae ad [[interrete]] connectunt, et [[technologiae gestabiles]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, plurima haec instrumenta technologiis digitalibus nitebantur et cum [[industria computatralis|industriis computatralibus]] et [[industrai lusoria|lusoriis]] coaluerunt. Mercatus hic, a [[semiconductrum|semiconductris]] impulsus, anno bismillesimo vicesimo ad $2.9 trilliones pervenire sperabatur. ==Res gestae== '''[[Radiophonia]] et [[tubus vacuus|Tubi Vacui]]:''' Initio [[phonographum|phonographa]] mechanica erant, sed annis 1920 radiophonia fundamentum productionis massivae iecit. Tubi vacui ad sonum amplificandum in grammophonis et radiophonis adhibiti sunt. [[Transistrum|'''Transistra''']]: Primis transistris a [[Ioannes Bardeen|Ioanne Bardeen]] et [[Gualterius Brattain|Gualterio Houser Brattain]] anno 1947 inventis, Sony hanc technologiam ad usum popularem convertit. [[Circuitus integratus|'''Circuitus integrati''']]''':''' Haec technologia instrumenta minioris dimensionis et provectiora reddidit, ut computatra personalia. '''Digitalizatio:''' Ab annis 1980, inductione [[Discus compactus|Discorum Compactorum (CD)]] et computatrorum, machinae ad [[Signum digitale|Signa digitalia]] transierunt, secundum [[Lex Mooriana|Legem Moorianam]] (Moore's Law) quae potentiam auxit et magnitudinem minuit. Anno 2004, haec industria $240 billiones valebat, cum dominatu Sony, Samsung, et Philips.{{Nexus absunt}}{{dubcat}} 93iwa9zly2doq3p42xmpojqoibfdkns 3960306 3960305 2026-05-18T01:18:31Z IacobusAmor 1163 Fasciculus 3960306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Augenda|2026|5}} [[Fasciculus:Radio&TV store 1961.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Taberna radiophona and televisoria vendens anno 1961.]] '''Electronica usui domestico destinata''' sunt [[electronica|apparatus electronici]] ad usum domesticum quotidianum, oblectationem, [[communicatio]]nem, et relaxationem destinati. Inter quae etiam hodie numeri possunt instrumenta domestica, ut [[machina lavandi|machinas lavandi]] et [[refrigeratorium|refrigeratoria]], quae [[moderamen|moderaminibus]] et [[interfacies|interfaciebus electronicis]] instructa sunt. ==Historia et evolutio== [[Radio]]phonica emissio ineunte saeculo vicesimo primum productum populare attulit: receptaculum radiophonicum. Postea accesserunt [[telephonum|telephona]], [[televisorium|televisoria]], [[calculatrum|calculatra]], [[camara]]e, [[consoles lusoriae]], [[telephona mobilia]], [[computatra personalia]], et [[dispositivus MP3|dispositivos MP3]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, tabernae haec instrumenta vendentes saepe [[GPS]], [[electronica autocinetica]], instrumenta [[musica synthetica]], [[machina karaoke|machinas karaoke]], et [[dispositivus visificus|dispositivos visificos]] (e.g. VCR, DVD, et Blu-ray) praebebant. Hodie etiam venduntur: [[perspicilla realitatis virtualis]], [[instrumenta domestica callida]] quae ad [[interrete]] connectunt, et [[technologiae gestabiles]]. Annis bismillesimis decimis, plurima haec instrumenta technologiis digitalibus nitebantur et cum [[industria computatralis|industriis computatralibus]] et [[industrai lusoria|lusoriis]] coaluerunt. Mercatus hic, a [[semiconductrum|semiconductris]] impulsus, anno bismillesimo vicesimo ad $2.9 trilliones pervenire sperabatur. ==Res gestae== '''[[Radiophonia]] et [[tubus vacuus|Tubi Vacui]]:''' Initio [[phonographum|phonographa]] mechanica erant, sed annis 1920 radiophonia fundamentum productionis massivae iecit. Tubi vacui ad sonum amplificandum in grammophonis et radiophonis adhibiti sunt. [[Transistrum|'''Transistra''']]: Primis transistris a [[Ioannes Bardeen|Ioanne Bardeen]] et [[Gualterius Brattain|Gualterio Houser Brattain]] anno 1947 inventis, Sony hanc technologiam ad usum popularem convertit. [[Circuitus integratus|'''Circuitus integrati''']]''':''' Haec technologia instrumenta minioris dimensionis et provectiora reddidit, ut computatra personalia. '''Digitalizatio:''' Ab annis 1980, inductione [[Discus compactus|Discorum Compactorum (CD)]] et computatrorum, machinae ad [[Signum digitale|Signa digitalia]] transierunt, secundum [[Lex Mooriana|Legem Moorianam]] (Moore's Law) quae potentiam auxit et magnitudinem minuit. Anno 2004, haec industria $240 billiones valebat, cum dominatu Sony, Samsung, et Philips.{{Nexus absunt}}{{dubcat}} h21y2yk6cv80349hfrlr8r17mmjib41 14 324979 3960324 3959604 2026-05-18T02:13:39Z Grufo 64423 3960324 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina principalis categoriae|Lucius Apuleius}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Apuleius Madaurensis, Lucius}} [[Categoria:Categoriae ex eruditis appellatae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Oratores]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Africae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Africae antiquae]] jk86itjuajoxjby5nurczeb14hp3eoo 3960377 3960324 2026-05-18T03:59:09Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:CommuniaCat|CommuniaCat]]}} 3960377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina principalis categoriae|Lucius Apuleius}} {{CommuniaCat|Apuleius|Lucium Apuleium Madaurensem}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Apuleius Madaurensis, Lucius}} [[Categoria:Categoriae ex eruditis appellatae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Iuris consulti Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Oratores]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Africae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Africae antiquae]] 3hiehsu9l73vqlzqtp2ndjnswl5hmon 0 325067 3960185 2026-05-17T13:16:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Tomé Pires]] ad [[Thomas Pires]]: Lemma 3960185 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Thomas Pires]] 1lpjryzbl55j95m81p6flifx94cdrk0 1 325068 3960187 2026-05-17T13:16:26Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Disputatio:Tomé Pires]] ad [[Disputatio:Thomas Pires]]: Lemma 3960187 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Disputatio:Thomas Pires]] 2815jn5icyeirimwza387ned4r5k9eg 0 325069 3960189 2026-05-17T13:59:09Z Pippobuono 54500 Redirigens ad [[Vicheriacum]] 3960189 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Vicheriacum]] on5jmpx5zq1x9cy6zvc35m05cosx6df 0 325070 3960190 2026-05-17T14:02:43Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3960190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Vicherey, Église-Saint-Remy.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Vicheriacum: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Remigius|Sancto Remigio]] dicata.]] {{res|Vicheriacum}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t.3, p. 604</ref> (Francogallice ''Vicherey''}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 154 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vicherey|Vicheriacum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] bfj5hxt5lpsk9pazyfr07mqn4t0ef2a 3960191 3960190 2026-05-17T14:03:18Z Pippobuono 54500 typo 3960191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Vicherey, Église-Saint-Remy.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Vicheriacum: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Remigius|Sancto Remigio]] dicata.]] {{res|Vicheriacum}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t.3, p. 604</ref> (Francogallice ''Vicherey'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 154 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vicherey|Vicheriacum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 9uuiq7gjuxsh6wm0be1ao8y349otfqk 1 325071 3960192 2026-05-17T14:04:02Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3960192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Vicherey|236133543}} aeg58me30fbahkkcbb47b1xcvemx4i5 0 325072 3960198 2026-05-17T15:59:08Z Alex Leuname 208552 Alex Leuname movit paginam [[Arjen Robben]] ad [[Hadrianus Robben]]: Latinization of Arjen 3960198 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Hadrianus Robben]] b4cgb4pbtze2chfwytp5srs47982bz2 0 325073 3960232 2026-05-17T17:11:15Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3960232 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Electronvolta]] kiye6qf56cj5eizayzty7a36ai4mdwh 0 325074 3960233 2026-05-17T17:11:37Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3960233 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Electronvolta]] kiye6qf56cj5eizayzty7a36ai4mdwh 0 325075 3960235 2026-05-17T17:12:44Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3960235 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Electronvolta]] {{Titulus minusculo inceptu}} 2wwb3c4sqh4xffgobqhq8kjs5izum6w 0 325076 3960236 2026-05-17T17:13:12Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3960236 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Electronvolta]] kiye6qf56cj5eizayzty7a36ai4mdwh 118 325077 3960258 2026-05-17T18:43:37Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Adumbratio:Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)]] ad [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)]] praeter redirectionem: emendatus 3960258 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)]] {{De hac redirectione}} 4564gvll2qp3cgp7rydasidbo9ffa6o 0 325078 3960278 2026-05-17T21:13:53Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3960278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Matthaeus Carolus King}} (natus [[Exonia (Nova Hantonia)|Exoniae]] in [[Nova Hantonia]] die [[19 Februarii]] [[2002]]) est [[natatio|natator]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. [[Clipeus aureus]] in [[Olympia aestiva 2024|Olympiis aestivalibus anno 2024]] [[Lutetia]]e vicit. In [[Snohomish Comitatus|comitatu Snohomish]], quinquaginta [[chiliometra]] ad septentrionem [[Seattlum|Seattli]], crevit. Natavit pro [[Universitas Alabamensis|Universitate Alabamensis]] et [[Universitas Virginiensis|Universitate Virginiensis]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1191011/wd#main-content Matthaeus King] apud ''World Aquatics'' * [https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/matt-king Matthaeus King] apud Olympics.com * [https://www.instagram.com/matt_king445/ Matthaeus King] apud [[Instagram]] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2002||King, Matthaeus Carolus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Alabamensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Virginiensis]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Hantoniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]] [[Categoria:Natatores Americani in Olympiis]] k8j8o2rj4nhghpdic3np5u7ompu0jxp 3960288 3960278 2026-05-17T23:22:40Z Bartholomite 116968 3960288 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Matthaeus Carolus King}} (natus [[Exonia (Nova Hantonia)|Exoniae]] in [[Nova Hantonia]] die [[19 Februarii]] [[2002]]) est [[natatio|natator]] [[CFA|Americanus]]. [[Clipeus aureus]] in [[Olympia aestiva 2024|Olympiis aestivalibus anno 2024]] [[Lutetia]]e vicit. In [[Snohomish Comitatus|comitatu Snohomish]], quinquaginta [[chiliometra]] ad septentrionem [[Seattlum|Seattli]], crevit. Natavit pro [[Universitas Alabamensis|Universitate Alabamensis]] et [[Universitas Virginiensis|Universitate Virginiensis]]. == Clipei aurei == === Olympia === * [[Olympia aestiva 2024]] (4x100 m) === Certamina mundana === * [[2023]] [[Fukuoka]]e (4×100 m mistura) * [[2024]] [[Doha]]e (4×100 m mistura) == Nexus externi == * [https://www.worldaquatics.com/athletes/1191011/wd#main-content Matthaeus King] apud ''World Aquatics'' * [https://www.olympics.com/en/athletes/matt-king Matthaeus King] apud Olympics.com * [https://www.instagram.com/matt_king445/ Matthaeus King] apud [[Instagram]] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2002||King, Matthaeus Carolus}} [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Alabamensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Virginiensis]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Hantoniae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]] [[Categoria:Natatores Americani in Olympiis]] 0yjkf7j5qow07s2js2ixj3n0fjiq16x 0 325079 3960281 2026-05-17T21:37:40Z Grufo 64423 Redirectionem creavi 3960281 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aether (physica)]] ptqr2izgr0f3ei935lsjli8ka6w01fe 0 325080 3960297 2026-05-18T00:36:29Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3960297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Ioannes Petrus Radulphus Mendes}} (vulgo ''Shawn Peter Raul Mendes''; natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1998]]) est [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]]. == Pelliculographia == * ''Metegol'' (2013) * ''Shawn Mendes: In Wonder'' (2020) * ''Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile'' (2022) == Discographia == * ''Handwritten'' (2015) * ''Illuminate'' (2016) * ''Shawn Mendes'' (2018) * ''Wonder'' (2020) * ''Shawn'' (2024) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Shawn Mendes|Ioannem Mendes}} * [http://www.shawnmendesofficial.com/ Situs interretialis] * {{IMDb|6658398|Ioanne Mendes}} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1998||Mendes, Ioannes Petrus Radulphus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]] 1h8fw5gvdm285x2eu9a65k9vume6lpx 3960299 3960297 2026-05-18T00:38:00Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3960299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Ioannes Petrus Radulphus Mendes}} (vulgo ''Shawn Peter Raul Mendes''; natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1998]]) est [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]]. == Pelliculographia == * ''Metegol'' (2013) * ''Shawn Mendes: In Wonder'' (2020) * ''Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile'' (2022) == Discographia == * ''Handwritten'' (2015) * ''Illuminate'' (2016) * ''Shawn Mendes'' (2018) * ''Wonder'' (2020) * ''Shawn'' (2024) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Shawn Mendes|Ioannem Mendes}} {{Fontes biographici}} * {{IMDb|6658398|Ioanne Mendes}} * [http://www.shawnmendesofficial.com/ Situs interretialis] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1998||Mendes, Ioannes Petrus Radulphus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]] 4k909xbjpe2iv7nhvju2jpqnramo9sq 3960302 3960299 2026-05-18T00:47:47Z Bartholomite 116968 3960302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Ioannes Petrus Radulphus Mendes}} (vulgo ''Shawn Peter Raul Mendes''; natus [[Torontum|Toronti]] die [[8 Augusti]] [[1998]]) est [[cantor]] [[Canada|Canadianus]]. Anno [[2013]] popularis factus est postquam [[pellicula brevis|pelliculas breves]] sui canentis in [[Vine]], praecursore [[TikTok]], divulgavit. == Pelliculographia == * ''Metegol'' (2013) * ''Shawn Mendes: In Wonder'' (2020) * ''Lyle, Lyle, Crocodile'' (2022) == Discographia == * ''Handwritten'' (2015) * ''Illuminate'' (2016) * ''Shawn Mendes'' (2018) * ''Wonder'' (2020) * ''Shawn'' (2024) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Shawn Mendes|Ioannem Mendes}} {{Fontes biographici}} * {{IMDb|6658398|Ioanne Mendes}} * [http://www.shawnmendesofficial.com/ Situs interretialis] {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1998||Mendes, Ioannes Petrus Radulphus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Canadae]] qiyin61j8hjwfgg5oqifo3984gl129r 0 325081 3960307 2026-05-18T01:52:10Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3960307 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, existentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitatis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] n53mn1w1j2ebnx5sql5ojsvpla0twup 3960317 3960307 2026-05-18T02:08:52Z Grufo 64423 3960317 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, existentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitatis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] ck4xpip7ai2mf6f81l07f605jtnlfa3 3960331 3960317 2026-05-18T02:18:00Z Grufo 64423 3960331 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, existentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 3fi1q5tuhaajpuyboamamjenkgww9qy 3960333 3960331 2026-05-18T02:20:50Z Grufo 64423 /* Nexus interni */ 3960333 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, existentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 789liso6q3bc9c81cvhekieq4h53gp8 3960335 3960333 2026-05-18T02:21:44Z Grufo 64423 3960335 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 0ydnrxbjexqj2y5ay1jeme0xke3z9za 3960336 3960335 2026-05-18T02:22:47Z Grufo 64423 3960336 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | pagina = 79 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC | url paginae = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 }}.</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] ri57gwid5peo2txs0brszz9izxatnzo 3960340 3960336 2026-05-18T02:26:35Z Grufo 64423 3960340 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem tamquam experientia quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] pcp6u0dvu1xm1uoakt6zsdm3v99oicx 3960341 3960340 2026-05-18T02:27:12Z Grufo 64423 3960341 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>“Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] m0z5v1n8bwehtbt29q6ull0vd0sblt5 3960342 3960341 2026-05-18T02:27:58Z Grufo 64423 3960342 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }} * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }} {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] iz99x5ay4l0oubiy5xig4nllxuwfnos 3960344 3960342 2026-05-18T02:29:35Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960344 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] (1972). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1972]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debere ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] sj8oam1yhswxe5nazlvekj8kcx5x6z8 3960353 3960344 2026-05-18T02:49:22Z Grufo 64423 3960353 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus primae editionis = 1952 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 0mkuq1lu5bx2hw46kcbqwed7o0jdxk0 3960355 3960353 2026-05-18T02:51:12Z Grufo 64423 3960355 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine [[bracchium|bracchia]] laxa ad latera tua pendere. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant, atque brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] p11yozw82uw2dyy9xcjps1mgmo4micw 3960363 3960355 2026-05-18T03:05:35Z Grufo 64423 3960363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticiae|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 2wo1yrr0ryckx0oavz85ken14dofkqc 3960364 3960363 2026-05-18T03:10:03Z Grufo 64423 3960364 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Etiam ante eum similes sententiae in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 930rjdf4hls62dz72h0ceg1wdysbav2 3960365 3960364 2026-05-18T03:10:57Z Grufo 64423 /* Historia */ 3960365 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen [[principium aequivalentiae]] inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] p5m8qv3ygjf8f9uu9yl8i6f06xtkpv7 3960366 3960365 2026-05-18T03:12:55Z Grufo 64423 3960366 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae in systemate nostro relationum exstantis inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] n1wfikvn6vp1vvjqf29rpk5t0sne1f0 3960368 3960366 2026-05-18T03:13:52Z Grufo 64423 /* De usu Einsteiniano principii */ 3960368 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quieta esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] hczmgqh1lff507ic0kybjknqmb8ifvc 3960369 3960368 2026-05-18T03:15:04Z Grufo 64423 /* De usu Einsteiniano principii */ 3960369 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, item ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] fh10hd329ljs22qe7ruxfrj7wm8awpf 3960379 3960369 2026-05-18T04:03:05Z Grufo 64423 3960379 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiae {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref>[[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544. Plene “Necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis.”. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit. Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] o8a5qfpgp0j1dj12156b10z1m3gxwp2 3960393 3960379 2026-05-18T05:51:50Z Grufo 64423 Paginam auxi 3960393 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1996}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1996 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1996-07-04 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enrico | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] f16aalxx8mxmo7fxg1j9ol3a5vpro8b 3960394 3960393 2026-05-18T05:52:25Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960394 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1996}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1996 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1996-07-04 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] i17yhuvo3e8relimnjz01vlyyypow9n 3960395 3960394 2026-05-18T05:55:23Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960395 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1996}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1996 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1996-07-04 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] mxfdhamg5hmqq7r0pgwh9hwp9vzv98y 3960396 3960395 2026-05-18T05:58:39Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960396 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1996}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1996 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1996-07-04 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] oetyxnohgb11lq33yb55ny8v4epgu4p 3960397 3960396 2026-05-18T06:11:20Z Grufo 64423 De bibliographia 3960397 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = [[Birkhäuser]] | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = [[Cambridge University Press]] | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] f2ouhtw94hp737xs53o3jkr6uzk0vdb 3960398 3960397 2026-05-18T06:11:59Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960398 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913">{{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”</ref>}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 8mt2cxzuu5xkw8efk6449m19vxntkx4 3960399 3960398 2026-05-18T06:14:51Z Grufo 64423 3960399 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum [[systema inertiale]] intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 1bamxski3feaf05wxa8ot3e196s4gs4 3960400 3960399 2026-05-18T06:16:23Z Grufo 64423 3960400 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde te ipsum ipsamve volve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus mirabilis esset si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] c9h74otly41bdre544u5jrmgpmp3qho 3960401 3960400 2026-05-18T06:19:00Z Grufo 64423 3960401 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 326xija9td9x9rdqcotfqq1d0p1kniq 3960402 3960401 2026-05-18T06:21:25Z Grufo 64423 3960402 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valent, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] nhlt17daedf7tjnht6uzq2ca7kuzlqw 3960403 3960402 2026-05-18T06:22:04Z Grufo 64423 /* Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960403 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid proprie “principium Machianum” significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 6eiigq1lgyg79afa82n4oay0x961fue 3960404 3960403 2026-05-18T06:22:34Z Grufo 64423 /* Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960404 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema habeatur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae habentur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae habentur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] rit3s7mmbeogom6nesftip8nkl2ilsv 3960405 3960404 2026-05-18T06:24:42Z Grufo 64423 3960405 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation. The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 0yci95ahqlwnvsnfh7sbyhi4e0d6efg 3960406 3960405 2026-05-18T06:27:15Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960406 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | volumen = The Lecture Notes in Physics. | volumen = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | locus = USA | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] eac0mnae8ihfibn6fil9eo3ncy9pxhh 3960407 3960406 2026-05-18T06:29:12Z Grufo 64423 /* Bibliographia */ 3960407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae systema relationum tuum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] p22fne08ldm488ngczpvnnfhz6svx6s 3960409 3960407 2026-05-18T06:37:18Z Grufo 64423 3960409 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maxima compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] jqp4c7vgou6og7u4bdd8vpiaa0xbu8s 3960412 3960409 2026-05-18T06:58:46Z Grufo 64423 3960412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum. | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] lep9gwrcdw2j3dabklmdp18vs6ym8jd 3960413 3960412 2026-05-18T07:00:58Z Grufo 64423 3960413 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] ag1j5em2j2i9aywywsafexaffyg7vlz 3960414 3960413 2026-05-18T07:04:18Z Grufo 64423 3960414 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo brachia tua libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescentia esse credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem qualem experientiam quae vocabulum spatii non invocat”.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikarana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 5fz1htxt1vd48eyvttc6w14rgumep2t 3960415 3960414 2026-05-18T07:13:20Z Grufo 64423 3960415 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua brachia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} continet. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] q61h84wqq2mfimbygariqj3ufb9pubf 3960416 3960415 2026-05-18T07:13:58Z Grufo 64423 3960416 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et brachia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua brachia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] pqgth57zhmqzvob04ftw8v052m8ssx8 3960417 3960416 2026-05-18T07:17:21Z Grufo 64423 3960417 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad doctrinas {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur magis “Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] gv2mja684wn2bnxdtnwtszetlhv80i2 3960418 3960417 2026-05-18T07:25:39Z Grufo 64423 3960418 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invenit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] tjqr0g8vaj7j9p9jidl974vidbrfc59 3960419 3960418 2026-05-18T07:27:11Z Grufo 64423 /* Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960419 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi. Tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] qo27kinz144g0l578zp0gbwovaibpxj 3960420 3960419 2026-05-18T07:27:42Z Grufo 64423 /* Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960420 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] rgd2u9eno9hodsus0ak46diwuo1k70k 3960421 3960420 2026-05-18T07:28:07Z Grufo 64423 /* Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960421 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilior affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quae Einstein tamquam systema externum tractavit. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] li19snuxrefw3wgupml5b9epcjxzcfg 3960422 3960421 2026-05-18T07:36:00Z Grufo 64423 3960422 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, [[systema relationum]] retineant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} proponit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quae e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Hoc physicum mechanema inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stella fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 6grnxr1ia2cqtuwuear7g3fwk1ue5e1 3960424 3960422 2026-05-18T07:42:52Z Grufo 64423 3960424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newton conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “siderum fixorum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 7b9r99459el1edzmtyl3yyuzwhhqsns 3960425 3960424 2026-05-18T07:48:06Z Grufo 64423 3960425 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem physicam|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} exsistere quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Nam Einstein intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] tvkv0631t05bniqfbwyg37qy013pblo 3960428 3960425 2026-05-18T08:05:41Z Grufo 64423 3960428 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] mm37wx51ov04601f3e0zbyrpay4jjq9 3960429 3960428 2026-05-18T08:10:06Z Grufo 64423 3960429 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generali|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == Principium Machianum in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generali notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] lv1q967p0obrfx6va85mi6o9x8ckia0 3960434 3960429 2026-05-18T09:39:05Z Grufo 64423 3960434 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == De.principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam positum respectu stellarum fixarum incipiet [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] qhhpf1vnyqj7vlfjovarmpkxu4ahaul 3960435 3960434 2026-05-18T09:41:32Z Grufo 64423 /* De.principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis */ 3960435 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]] volventia, ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == De.principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] efeocjued35qlapccsmuw7y8mfju91j 3960436 3960435 2026-05-18T09:43:27Z Grufo 64423 3960436 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]], ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia principii enuntiata, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quiescens quoad rotationem. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == De.principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] rdqu5dxysk5ldlmxxjtucuexw4yx3kk 3960437 3960436 2026-05-18T09:50:01Z Grufo 64423 3960437 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:MachDieMechanikEntwickelungTitlPg.jpg|thumb|Liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}} ([[Theodisce]] {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}})<ref name="mach-1883">{{qc|Mach, 1883}}</ref>]] In [[physica theoretica]], praesertim in disputationibus de theoriis [[gravitas (physica)|gravitatis]], {{res|principium Machianum}} seu {{res|coniectura Machiana}}<ref>{{qc|Von Bayer, 2001}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC&dq=mach's+conjecture&pg=PA79 p. 79].</ref> appellatur hypothesis incerta quam [[Albertus Einstein]] [[Ernestus Mach|Ernesto Mach]], [[physicus|physico]] [[philosophus|philosopho]]<nowiki />que [[Austria]]co, attribuit, quae explicare conatur quomodo res [[rotatio|volventes]], exempli gratia [[gyroscopium|gyroscopia]] vel [[corpus caeleste|corpora caelestia]], ad [[systema relationum]] se referant. Secundum talem coniecturam, exsistentia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|rotatio absoluta|rotationis absolutae|en|qid=Q4669833}}—quae distinctionem inter localia {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemata inertialia|en|qid=Q192735}} et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum volvens|systemata volventia|en|qid=Q3310692}} infert—a distributione universali materiei pendet, ut hoc exemplum illustrat: {{Folium memoratum| Primum consiste atque sine ad latera tua [[bracchium|bracchia]] pendere laxa. Observa ut [[sidus|sidera]] fere immota maneant et bracchia tua fere recta deorsum pendeant. Deinde volve te ipsum ipsamve; sidera circa [[zenith]] volvi videbuntur, simulque bracchia tua [[vis centrifuga|vi centrifuga]] sursum trahentur. Profecto casus esset mirabilis si systema relationum inertiale, in quo tua bracchia libere pendebant, idem esset ac systema relationum in quo sidera quiescunt fixa, nisi aliqua interactio inter sidera et te exsisteret quae tuum systema relationum determinaret inertiale. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Stephanus Weinberg]] ([[1972]]). {{Op|Gravitation and Cosmology}}.<ref>{{qc|Weinberg, 1972}}, [https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0/page/16/mode/2up p. 17]. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=en|First stand still, and let your arms hang loose at your sides. Observe that the stars are more or less unmoving, and that your arms hang more or less straight down. Then pirouette. The stars will seem to rotate around the zenith, and at the same time your arms will be drawn upward by centrifugal force. It would surely be a remarkable coincidence if the inertial frame, in which your arms hung freely, just happened to be the reference frame in which typical stars are at rest, unless there were some interaction between the stars and you that determined your inertial frame.}}”</ref> }} Principium Machianum statuit hanc rem non esse fortuitam, sed potius quandam exsistere {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lex physica|legem|en=Physikalisches Gesetz}} quae [[motus|motum]] siderum remotissimorum cum locali {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|systema relationum inertiale|systemate inertiali|en|qid=Q192735}} conectit. Nam si omnia sidera circa observatorem videantur circumagi, Mach censuit aliquam vim physicam efficere ut observator vim [[vis centrifuga|centrifugam]] sentiret. Hinc varia enuntiata principii, saepe obscura, orta sunt, velut: “[[massa]] alibi sita hic afficit [[inertia]]m”. Formula generalissima principii est: {{Ipse dixit| Leges physicae locales maximā compagine universi determinantur. |[[Stephanus Hawking|Hawking]] & {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Georgius Franciscus Rainerius Ellis|Ellis|en|qid=Q5538966}} ([[1973]]). {{Op|The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time}}.<ref>{{qc|Hawking & Ellis, 1973}}, p. 1. [[Anglice|Angl.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=en|Local physical laws are determined by the large-scale structure of the universe}}”.</ref> }} Suasio Machiana magni momenti fuit in [[theoria relativitatis generalis|theoriae relativitatis generalis]] Einsteinianae ortu. Einstein enim intellexit distributionem universam materiei {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tensor metricus (theoria relativitatis)|tensorem metricum|en|qid=Q2045231}} determinare posse, quo definiatur quid systema putetur quoad rotationem quiescere. In nonnullis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|solutiones exactae in theoria relativitatis generalis|solutionibus theoriae relativitatis generalis|en|qid=Q5419229}}, [[spatii temporisque tractio]] atque conservatio {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|momentum angulare|momenti angularis|en|qid=Q161254}} gravitationalis sic efficiunt ut hoc verum sit. Attamen, quum principium ipsum vagum sit, multae formulae diversae propositae sunt quae “principia Machiana” vocari possunt, quarum nonnullae falsae putantur. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Metrica Gödeliana||en|qid=Q1559192}} universi volventis exemplum praebet quod principium Machianum quam maxime violare videtur. In tali enim exemplo sidera remota eo celerius celeriusque volvi videntur quo longius distent. Contradictio tamen quaestionem validitatis principii Machiani omnino non dirimit, quia exemplum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|lineae temporales clausae|lineas temporales clausas|en|qid=Q1876815}} admittit. == Historia == Ernestus Mach in libro {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}} anno [[1883]] edito suam doctrinam primum exposuit.<ref name="mach-1883" /> Ante eum similes sententiae etiam in libris [[Georgius Berkeleius|Georgii Berkeleii]] philosophi reperiebantur.<ref name="berkeleius-1721">{{qc|Berkeleius, 1721}}.</ref> Post Mach, liber {{Op|Motus absolutus an relativus?}} a fratribus [[Benedictus Friedlaender|Benedicto Friedlaender]] et {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Immanuel Friedlaender|Immanuele Friedlaender|de|qid=Q89222}} anno [[1896]] editus nonnullas ideas principio Machiano similes continebat.<ref>{{qc|Friedlaender, 1896}}.</ref> == De usu Einsteiniano principii == Est in theoria relativitatis quaestio fundamentalis: si omnis motus relativus est, quomodo corporum [[inertia]] mensurari potest? Inertia enim respectu alicuius rei metienda est; sed cuius respectu si [[particula]]m solam in universo omnino vacuo fingamus? Nonnulli putaverunt talem particulam nullum motum (ne rotatorium quidem) habere posse. Ita principium Machianum interdum intellegitur affirmatio nullum motum tribui posse nisi alia corpora adsint. Sic ipse Mach scripsit: {{Folium memoratum| Experimentum [[Isaacus Newtonus|Newtonianum]] aquae in [[vas]]e volventis hoc tantum docet: vertiginem relativam aquae respectu [[paries|parietum]] vasis nullas [[vis centrifuga|vires centrifugas]] notabiles excitare; eas autem ex vertigine relativa respectu massae [[Tellus|Telluris]] ceterorumque corporum caelestium oriri. Nemo dicere potest quomodo experimentum finiturum esset si parietes vasis spissiores spissioresque atque graviores fierent, ac denique plurium [[mille passus|miliariorum passuum]] crassitudinem haberent. Unum tantum experimentum nobis conceditur, atque illud cum ceteris rebus nobis cognitis, non tamen cum figmentis nostris arbitrariis, componere debemus. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Ernestus Mach]] ([[1883]]). {{Op|Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt}}.<ref>{{qc|Mach, 1883}}, [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ/page/216/mode/2up pp. 216–217]. [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{Barbarice|lingua=de|Der Versuch Newton's mit dem rotirenden Wassergefäss lehrt nur, dass die Relativdrehung des Wassers gegen die Gefässwände keine merklichen Centrifugalkräfte weckt, dass dieselben aber durch die Relativdrehung gegen die Masse der Erde und die übrigen Himmelskörper geweckt werden. Niemand kann sagen, wie der Versuch verlaufen würde, wenn die Gefässwände immer dicker und massiger, zuletzt mehrere Meilen dick würden. Es liegt nur der eine Versuch vor, und wir haben denselben mit den übrigen uns bekannten Thatsachen, nicht aber mit unsern willkürlichen Dichtungen in Einklang zu bringen.}}”</ref> }} Albertus Einstein fere hoc sensu videtur principium intellexisse: {{Ipse dixit|Inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oritur.|[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1={{*Cfr}} [[Albertus Einstein]], “Hoch geehrter Herr Kollege!”, [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]], apud {{qc|Wolters, 1987}}, p. 151, et apud {{qc|Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973}}, p. 544: “{{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur.” [[Theodisce|Th.]] “{{barbarice|lingua=de|{{omissis}} es ergibt sich mit Notwendigkeit, daß die Trägheit in einer Art Wechselwirkung der Körper ihren Ursprung hat, ganz im Sinne Ihrer Überlegungen zum Newtonschen Eimer-Versuch {{omissis}} Rotiert die Schale {{mvar|S}} um eine durch ihren Mittelpunkt gehende Achse (relativ zum System der Fixsterne/‚Restsystem‘), so entsteht im Innern der Schale ein Coriolis-Feld, d. h. die Ebene des Foucault-Pendels wird (mit einer allerdings praktisch unmeßbar kleinen Geschwindigkeit) mitgenommen.}}”|2=Q178841|name=epistula-25-iunii-1913}}}} Nonnulla principii Machiani enuntiata cum [[holismus|holismo]] conectuntur. Mach enim intellegi potest suasisse ut theoriae gravitatis ad {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|relationalismus|doctrinas relationalisticas|en|qid=Q2142479}} pertinerent. Einstein in physicam hodiernam principium introduxit dum theoriam relativitatis generalis elaborabat; ipse quidem dicitur locutionem “principium Machianum” primus finxisse. Multum disputatur verene Mach novam legem physicam proponere voluerit, quoniam nusquam eam aperte enuntiavit. Scriptum quo Einstein maxime commotus est fuit liber Ernesti Mach {{Op|De mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita}},<ref name="mach-1883" /> in quo philosophus doctrinam Newtonianam de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Spatium tempusque absoluti|spatio absoluto|en|qid=Q19314}} refutavit, praesertim exsistentiam cuiusdam electi [[systema relationum|systematis relationum]] quod e celebri {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|argumentum Newtonianum vasis|argumento Newtoniano vasis|en|qid=Q2585683}} oriebatur. Newtonus in suis {{Op|[[Philosophiae naturalis principia mathematica|Philosophiae naturalis principiis mathematicis]]}} demonstrare conatus est rotationem absolutam dignosci posse propter vires apparentes quae tantummodo in rotatione absoluta inveniuntur. Nam si vas aquā plenum volvitur, aqua primitus quiescit, deinde motus vasis aquae communicatur, quae curvatur atque propter vim centrifugam ad margines ascendit. Hoc experimentum demonstrat vires centrifugas non oriri nisi aqua respectu spatii absoluti rotetur (quod hic per systema relationum [[Tellus|Telluris]], vel potius {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|stellae fixae|stellarum fixarum|en|qid=Q430297}}, repraesentatur); contra autem, quum vas respectu aquae vertatur, nullae vires centrifugae gignuntur, quod indicat aquam quietam esse respectu spatii absoluti. Ex hoc Newtonus conclusit vires centrifugas e rotatione respectu spatii absoluti oriri. In libro suo Mach affirmat experimentum tantummodo demonstrare nullas vires centrifugas oriri dum aqua quoad vas non movetur; non licet tamen scire quid accideret si latera vasis immensum augerentur. Itaque, secundum Mach, notio motūs absoluti deserenda est atque omnis motus, sive uniformis sive acceleratus, tantummmodo respectu aliorum corporum intellegi potest ({{*ie}} non satis est dicere aquam rotari, sed necesse est determinare utrum respectu vasis an respectu Terrae rotetur). Hac ratione {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|vis ficticia|ficticiae vires|en|qid=Q212126}} quae motūs relativos ab “absolutis” distinguere videntur, non censendae sunt nisi effectūs peculiaris asymmetriae, in systemate nostro relationum exstantis, inter corpora quae in motu ponimus, quae parva sunt (velut vasa), et corpora quae quiescere credimus (Tellus et stellae remotae), quae multum maiora atque graviora sunt illis. Similem opinionem iam [[Georgius Berkeleius]] in opere {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|De Motu (Berkeleius)|De Motu|en|qid=Q171280}}}} defenderat.<ref name="berkeleius-1721" /> Haec physica ratio inertiam corporum ita determinare debet ut gravia remotaque corpora universi ad vires inertiales maxime conferant. Nescitur tamen verene Mach novam legem physicam inter corpora gravia proponere voluerit; verisimilius nihil aliud proposuit nisi simplicem “motūs in spatio redescriptionem” quin vocabulum spatii adhiberet.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}.</ref> Scitur tamen Einstein illa verba sic interpretatum esse, quasi quaedam nova actio physica inter corpora exsisteret, ut postea longa disputatio orta sit. Plerique physici censent Mach suum principium in theoriam physicam exactam, quae explicaret quomodo remota sidera inertiam corporum afficere possint, numquam redegisse. Ipse Mach principium suum numquam clare definivit.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, pp. 9–57.</ref> Quamquam Einstein eo maxime inspiratus est, principium Machianum non habetur fundamentum necessarium theoriae relativitatis generalis, licet tamen {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|principium aequivalentiae||en|qid=Q210546}} inter massam gravitationalem atque inertialem sit magnopere fundamentale. == De.principio Machiano in theoria relativitatis generalis == Quum in theoria relativitatis generalis notiones simplices [[spatium|spatii]] [[tempus|temporis]]<nowiki />que non iam valeant, etiam obscurius fit quid “principium Machianum” proprie significetur. Saltem viginti et una formulae principii propositae sunt, quarum aliae putantur “magis Machianae” quam aliae.<ref>{{qc|Barbour & Pfister, 1995}}, p. 530.</ref> Formula debilissima affirmat motum materiei ubilibet afficere posse quae systemata inertialia adhibenda sint alibi. Einstein, antequam theoriam relativitatis generalis perfecisset, effectum quendam invēnit quem interpretatus est principium Machianum probare. Concedatur magnam [[sphaera]]m cavam erga stellas fixas volvi; tum systema inertiale intra sphaeram cavam descriptum incipiet respectu stellarum fixarum [[praecessio|praecessare]]. Hic effectus nunc {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus||en|qid=Q11083519}} appellatur. Einstein hac inventione adeo delectatus est ut Ernesto Mach hocmodo scriberet: {{Folium memoratum| {{omissis}} necessario sequitur ut inertia ex quadam interactione inter corpora oriatur, prorsus ut in tuis cogitationibus de experimento Newtoniano aquae in vase volventis {{omissis}} Si sphaera cava {{mvar|S}} circa axem per centrum eius transeuntem volvatur (respectu systematis stellarum fixarum sive “systematis quietis”), [[vis Coriolis|campus Coriolianus]] intra sphaeram cavam oriatur, id est planum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|pendulum Foucaultianum|penduli Foucaultiani|en|qid=Q178841}} (quamquam velocitate revera tam exiguā ut mensurari non possit) simul circumferatur. }}{{Norma dextra| ―[[Albertus Einstein]], [[Turicum|Turici]], die [[25 Iunii]] [[1913]].<ref name="epistula-25-iunii-1913" /> }} Effectus Lensianus–Thirringianus certe satisfacit notioni generali secundum quam “materies alibi hic afficit inertiam”:<ref>{{qc|Bondi & Samuel, 1997}}, p. 121.</ref> si sphaera cava materiei abesset aut non volveretur, planum penduli non traheretur. Intra contextum huius effectūs sententia quoque secundum quam inertia “ex quadam interactione inter corpora” oritur putari potest vera. Quaestio tamen profundior videtur esse ipsa existentia “stellarum fixarum”, quas Einstein tractavit systema externum. Physici hodierni vestigia principii Machiani in “problemate valorum initialium” agnoscunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Barbour & Pfister, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris 1 = Barbour | nomen redactoris 1 = Iulianus B. | cognomen redactoris 2 = Pfister | nomen redactoris 2 = Herbertus | titulus = Mach's principle: from Newton's bucket to quantum gravity | lingua = en | annus = 1995 | series = Einstein Studies | volumen seriei = 6 | locus = [[Bostonia]]e | domus editoria = Birkhäuser | url = https://sites.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/papers/MachPrinciple.pdf | isbn = 978-3-7643-3823-7 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Berkeleius, 1721 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Berkeleius | nomen auctoris = Georgius | commentatio de auctore = Georgius Berkeleius | titulus = De motu; sive, de motus principio et natura, et de causa communicationis motuum | annus = 1721 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]] | domus editoria = Iacobus Tonson | url = https://archive.org/details/b30774299 | url forma pdf = https://archive.org/download/b30774299/b30774299.pdf }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Bondi & Samuel, 1997 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Bondi | nomen auctoris 1 = Hermannus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Samuel | nomen auctoris 2 = Iosephus | titulus = The Lense–Thirring Effect and Mach's Principle | contextus = Physics Letters A | volumen = 228 | fasciculus = 3 | annus = 1997 | paginae = 121–126 | bibcode = 1997PhLA..228..121B | doi = 10.1016/S0375-9601(97)00117-5 | s2cid = 15625102 | arxiv = gr-qc/9607009 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Hawking & Ellis, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Hawking | nomen auctoris 1 = Stephanus Gulielmus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Stephanus Hawking | cognomen auctoris 2 = Ellis | nomen auctoris 2 = Georgius Franciscus Rainerius | titulus = The Large Scale Structure of Space–Time | lingua = en | tempus = 1973 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | url = https://archive.org/details/largescalestruct0000hawk | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-521-09906-4 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Friedlaender, 1896 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 1 = Benedictus | commentatio de auctore 1 = Benedictus Friedlaender | cognomen auctoris 2 = Friedlaender | nomen auctoris 2 = Immanuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Absolute oder relative Bewegung? | lingua = de | latine = Motus absolutus an relativus? | annus = 1896 | url = https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/item/BDVFSWTJNPOFICKAE2RVF2RNEGFRA67K | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]] | domus editoria = Leonhardus Simion }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen = Gasco | nomen = Enricus | titulus = Il contributo di Mach sull'origine dell'inerzia | lingua = it | latine = Conlatio Machiana ad originem inertiae | contextus = Quaderni di Storia della Fisica | volumen = 12 | paginae = 17–34 | annus = 2004 | url = https://www.vielbein.it/pdf/Articoli/Articolo.pdf | retrospectio = 20260518054822 | salus url = vivit | doi = 10.1393/qsf/i2003-10001-6 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Mach, 1883 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Mach | nomen auctoris = Ernestus Valfridus Josephus Venceslaus | commentatio de auctore = Ernestus Mach | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Die Mechanik in ihrer Entwicklung historisch-kritisch dargestellt | lingua = de | latine = Mechanica secundum suum progressum historice criticeque exposita | annus = 1883 | url = https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_x9Q2AAAAMAAJ | locus = [[Lipsia]]e | domus editoria = F. A. Brockhaus }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Misner, Thorne & Wheeler, 1973 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Misner | nomen auctoris 1 = Carolus Gulielmus | cognomen auctoris 2 = Thorne | nomen auctoris 2 = Kip Stephanus | commentatio de auctore 2 = Kip Thorne | cognomen auctoris 3 = Wheeler | nomen auctoris 3 = Ioannes Archibaldus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Gravitation | annus = 1973 | domus editoria = W. H. Freeman and Company | locus = [[Franciscopolis (California)|Franciscopoli]] | url = https://physicsgg.me/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/misner_thorne_wheeler_gravitation_freema.pdf | retrospectio = 20240728193849 | salus url = vivit | isbn = 0-7167-0344-0 }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen 1 = Pfister | nomen 1 = Herbertus | cognomen 2 = King | nomen 2 = Marcus | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Inertia and Gravitation: The Fundamental Nature and Structure of Space-Time | series = Lecture Notes in Physics | volumen seriei = 897 | annus = 2015 | locus = Heidelberg | domus editoria = Springer | doi = 10.1007/978-3-319-15036-9 | isbn = 978-3-319-15035-2 }}. * {{Opus | auctor 1 = Raine, D. J. | titulus = Mach's Principle in general relativity | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 171 | fasciculus = 3 | tempus = 1975 | paginae = 507–528 | bibcode = 1975MNRAS.171..507R | doi = 10.1093/mnras/171.3.507 | accessus ad doi = liberus }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Sciama, 1953 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = On the origin of inertia | lingua = en | latine = De origine inertiae | contextus = Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society | volumen = 113 | paginae = 34–42 | url = https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1953MNRAS.113...34S | url forma pdf = https://articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pdf/1953MNRAS.113...34S | annus = 1953 | annus compositionis = 1952 | doi = 10.1093/mnras/113.1.34 | bibcode = 1953MNRAS.113...34S }} }}. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Sciama | nomen auctoris = Dionysius Gulielmus | titulus = Modern Cosmology | tempus = 1971 | domus editoria = Cambridge University Press | locus = [[Cantabrigia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/ModernCosmology_901 | oclc = 6931707 }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Von Bayer, 2001 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Von Bayer | nomen auctoris = Iohannes Christianus | titulus = The Fermi Solution: Essays on Science | lingua = en | annus = 2001 | domus editoria = Courier Dover Publications | isbn = 0-486-41707-7 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=VhJr9Qx8ohsC }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Weinberg, 1972 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Weinberg | nomen auctoris = Stephanus | commentatio de auctore = Stephanus Weinberg | titulus = Gravitation and Cosmology | lingua = en | annus = 1972 | domus editoria = John Wiley & Sons, Inc. | locus = [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboraco]], [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Sydneium|Sydneii]], [[Torontum|Toronti]] | url = https://archive.org/details/gravitationcosmo00stev_0 | accessus ad url = sociis | isbn = 978-0-471-92567-5 }} }}. * {{Ecce citatio | id = Wolters, 1987 | c = {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Wolters | nomen auctoris = Gereon | titulus = Mach I, Mach II, Einstein und die Relativitätstheorie: eine Fälschung und ihre Folgen | lingua = de | annus = 1987 | domus editoria = Walter de Gruyter | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Novum Eboracum|Novo Eboracum]] | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=qg-hpQnob-cC | isbn = 9783110108255 }} }}. {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Aether luminifer]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Historia theoriae relativitatis generalis||en|qid=Q1936878}} * [[Relativitas generalis]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rotatio absoluta||en|qid=Q4669833}} * [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] * [[Spatitempus]] * [[Systema relationum]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria Bransiana–Dickeana||en|qid=Q898809}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Theoria gravitatis Hoyleana–Narlikariana||en|qid=Q17027715}} * [[Vis centrifuga]] {{div col end}} [[Categoria:Ernestus Mach]] [[Categoria:Albertus Einstein]] [[Categoria:Notiones in physica]] [[Categoria:Theoriae gravitationis]] [[Categoria:Rotatio]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] [[Categoria:Astronomia]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 632271bve089w519oi81ct6mmoqpvwt 0 325082 3960309 2026-05-18T02:01:46Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Pagina creata est 3960309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-5}} '''Cancellum''' est [[structura mathematica]] definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. --- d0r5lmead1yw88fqrka8j3vgw4seclu 3960314 3960309 2026-05-18T02:05:13Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Additur citatio (sed nescio quomodo recte addatur) 3960314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-5}} '''Cancellum''' est [[structura mathematica]] definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | lccn = 64-24548 }} gsjcr0ecd7t0h0j8oygdwl356z0bhgi 3960329 3960314 2026-05-18T02:17:00Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Bibliographia */ locatur 3960329 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-5}} '''Cancellum''' est [[structura mathematica]] definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 }} 8ntqxsjf1nzxn4htgh24wvywfzz3sn4 3960334 3960329 2026-05-18T02:21:24Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 minora 3960334 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-5}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]] est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 }} 4ebikfvl6kpkgbso7swqwcg1yzj6a6l 3960337 3960334 2026-05-18T02:24:27Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Minor 3960337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]] est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 }} lq93mvioxwxl98qlg489o4t92jluist 3960339 3960337 2026-05-18T02:25:17Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Minor 3960339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definitum duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Hoc axioma, per quod definitur cancellum, est ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis||qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, hoc in axiomati substitueri potest ∧ cum ∨ et axioma remanet idem. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 }} fno0vdcigv8kpwxbwzkn5bqwqdsxszr 3960343 3960339 2026-05-18T02:28:56Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 corriguntur genera, etc 3960343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur cancellum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 }} lgh462jednl61nge82v0tt9r9m6p56w 3960345 3960343 2026-05-18T02:30:59Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Bibliographia */ additur nuntiola 3960345 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur cancellum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 | pagina = 823 }} 2x7ymwjqbhtcs4m1fblgh2culngzwjz 3960346 3960345 2026-05-18T02:33:36Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* Bibliographia */ non id vult ly «pagina», quod prius aestimavi 3960346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur cancellum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} jhkvy5lz5th7aq0bxmja4g4yqdyrbw8 3960347 3960346 2026-05-18T02:39:46Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Cancellum (mathematica)]] ad [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: Nomen neutrale “cancellum” non est verbum Latinum, atque “cancelli” est verbum plurale 3960346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} '''Cancellum''', in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur cancellum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex cancellorum transformari potest in aliam legem cancellorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus cancelli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum modulare||qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cancellum distributivum||qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} jhkvy5lz5th7aq0bxmja4g4yqdyrbw8 3960349 3960347 2026-05-18T02:44:39Z Grufo 64423 Paginam redintegravi 3960349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} {{res|Reticulum}},{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||de|qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, (1) A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A (2) A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur reticulum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum transformari potest in aliam legem reticulorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus reticuli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} 33cnevvk5x6uj8ijfv1aybkpeldo85w 3960359 3960349 2026-05-18T02:55:17Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Numeratus est series axiomatum 3960359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} {{res|Reticulum}},{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||de|qid=Q17406201}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur reticulum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum transformari potest in aliam legem reticulorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus reticuli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} ht9x9cnxhgswl1tt7a38vjgnzayirh3 3960362 3960359 2026-05-18T02:57:24Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Corrigitur nexus Vicidatae 3960362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} {{res|Reticulum}},{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||en|qid=Q205464}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur reticulum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum transformari potest in aliam legem reticulorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus reticuli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} kbmpvufapcxfcsmx7yhirwjdebphof9 3960367 3960362 2026-05-18T03:13:18Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Additur relatio conceptum reticuli inter et conceptum partialis ordinis 3960367 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} {{res|Reticulum}},{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||en|qid=Q205464}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur reticulum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum transformari potest in aliam legem reticulorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus reticuli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. Omne reticulum est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} sub ordinis relatione ≤ quae statuit A ≤ B quotienscumque A = A ∧ B. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} gx8mrnhnc242jzoezwwgx6ws7m75jhh 3960370 3960367 2026-05-18T03:16:11Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 Adduntur conceptuales nexus 3960370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Tiro}} {{res|Reticulum}},{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]], est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||en|qid=Q205464}} definita duas per operationes associativas et commutativas. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ita relantur ad invicem ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae definitur reticulum, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus commutari potest ∧ cum ∨ et axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum transformari potest in aliam legem reticulorum. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam specificatur conceptus reticuli. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit quod A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}}; et per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), definitur {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}}. Axiomata tam modularitatis tam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. Omne reticulum est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} sub ordinis relatione ≤ quae statuit A ≤ B quotienscumque A = A ∧ B. Omnis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|algebra Booleana||en|qid=Q4973304}} est reticulum distributivum. Omnes (et solae) algebrae aggregationum sub operationes unionis <math>\cup</math> et intersectionis <math>\cap</math> sunt reticula distributiva. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} rftxm4gp9fvfp6ghns484k2saq00itu 3960410 3960370 2026-05-18T06:47:31Z Grufo 64423 +Imago; et cetera 3960410 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Hasse diagram of powerset of 3.svg|thumb|Subclasses classis <math>\{x, y, z\},</math> sub {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Inclusio classium|theoria inclusionis classium|en=Set inclusion}} intellectae. Forma {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|diagramma Hasseanum|diagrammatis Hasseani|en|qid=Q901446}} nomen “reticuli” suadet.]] {{res|Reticulum}}{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]] est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||en|qid=Q205464}} duas per operationes associativas et commutativas definita. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ad invicem ita relantur ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae reticulum definitur, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus ∧ cum ∨ commutari potest dum axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum in aliam legem reticulorum transformari potest. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam conceptus reticuli definitur. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}} definitur; atque per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C) (vel—aequivalenter—A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)), {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}} definitur. Axiomata tam modularitatis quam distributivitatis auto-dualia sunt. Omne reticulum est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} sub ordinis relatione ≤ quae statuit A ≤ B quotienscumque A = A ∧ B. Omnis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|algebra Booleana (structura)|algebra Booleana|en|qid=Q4973304}} est reticulum distributivum. Omnes (et solae) algebrae aggregationum sub operationes unionis <math>\cup</math> et intersectionis <math>\cap</math> sunt reticula distributiva. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} 0ydo3je2y1hu8bnwnowztk3hkpqf8px 3960411 3960410 2026-05-18T06:49:01Z Grufo 64423 3960411 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Hasse diagram of powerset of 3.svg|thumb|Subclasses classis <math>\{x, y, z\},</math> sub {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Inclusio classium|theoria inclusionis classium|en=Set inclusion}} intellectae. Forma {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|diagramma Hasseanum|diagrammatis Hasseani|en|qid=Q901446}} nomen “reticuli” suadet.]] {{res|Reticulum}}{{Convertimus|barbarice=reticolo|sicut=[[Italice]]}} in [[mathematica]] est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|structura algebraica||en|qid=Q205464}} duas per operationes associativas et commutativas definita. Hae operationes appellantur ∧ et ∨; ad invicem ita relantur ut, omni A et B, # A ∧ (A ∨ B) = A ∨ (A ∧ B) = A # A ∧ A = A ∨ A = A Haec axiomata, per quae reticulum definitur, sunt ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|auto-dualis|auto-dualia|en|qid=Q2872559}}'' {{*ie}}, his in axiomatibus ∧ cum ∨ commutari potest dum axiomata eadem remanebunt. Hac ergo substitutione omnis lex reticulorum in aliam legem reticulorum transformari potest. Non autem desunt aliae axiomata per quam conceptus reticuli definitur. Exempli gratia, per axioma modularitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) = (A ∧ B) ∨ C quotienscumque A ∧ C = C, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum modulare||en|qid=Q1538614}} definitur; atque per axioma distributivitatis, quae statuit A ∧ (B ∨ C) esse (A ∧ B) ∨ (A ∧ C)—vel aequivalenter A ∨ (B ∧ C) esse (A ∨ B) ∧ (A ~ C)—{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|reticulum distributivum||en|qid=Q2363730}} definitur. Axiomata sunt tam modularitatis quam distributivitatis auto-dualia. Omne reticulum est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|aggregatio partim ordinata||en|qid=Q474715}} sub ordinis relatione ≤ quae statuit A ≤ B quotienscumque A = A ∧ B. Omnis {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|algebra Booleana (structura)|algebra Booleana|en|qid=Q4973304}} est reticulum distributivum. Omnes (et solae) algebrae aggregationum sub operationes unionis <math>\cup</math> et intersectionis <math>\cap</math> sunt reticula distributiva. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris 1 = Rédei | nomen auctoris 1 = Vladislavus | titulus = Algebra | annus = 1967 | locus = [[Londinium|Londinii]], [[Oxonia|Oxoniae]], [[Edinburgum|Edinburgi]], [[Neo-Eboracum|Neo-Eboraci]], [[Torontum|Toronti]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[Sydneium|Sydnei]], [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] | domus editoria = Pergamon Press | lccn = 64-24548 | volumen seriei = 1 }} dy67afp2k4dj4srvqaeyzqzgo512q0w 14 325083 3960323 2026-05-18T02:12:24Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3960323 wikitext text/x-wiki {{DEFAULTSORT:Mach, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Categoriae ex eruditis appellatae]] [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] 5jypw3izwbdeldwrfnboe8v0ns9db4o 3960325 3960323 2026-05-18T02:13:59Z Grufo 64423 +{{Pagina principalis categoriae}} 3960325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina principalis categoriae|Ernestus Mach}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mach, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Categoriae ex eruditis appellatae]] [[Categoria:Physica]] [[Categoria:Philosophia]] 6fd0fc02jho87gp3dy92ddf1hy69akt 14 325084 3960332 2026-05-18T02:19:07Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3960332 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina principalis categoriae|Rotatio}} {{CommuniaCat|Rotation|rotationem}} [[Categoria:Geometria]] [[Categoria:Physica]] 7c6i22b92ivqhfr347qvwqnx3a5h00n 1 325085 3960338 2026-05-18T02:24:43Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Attributio extera|Attributio extera]]}} 3960338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Attributio extera|en|Mach's principle|1353489220}} roy5j243ih7c9rgp778es6sr52ho61i 0 325086 3960348 2026-05-18T02:39:46Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Cancellum (mathematica)]] ad [[Reticulum (mathematica)]]: Nomen neutrale “cancellum” non est verbum Latinum, atque “cancelli” est verbum plurale 3960348 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Reticulum (mathematica)]] f60wysb931rfn53mmh5ruv6di793fgo 1 325087 3960350 2026-05-18T02:46:19Z Grufo 64423 /* De nomine */ Nova pars 3960350 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = clāthrī Paginam ad nomen “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (mathematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) a20zn7nlhye30442bx05yiykot394mi 3960351 3960350 2026-05-18T02:46:54Z Grufo 64423 3960351 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad nomen “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (mathematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) n7untr6gzm1xc86jh4nc210cy1hp5ww 3960352 3960351 2026-05-18T02:47:05Z Grufo 64423 3960352 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (mathematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) et3l2ajazpn4rqy2237m7cdoy7909az 3960354 3960352 2026-05-18T02:51:02Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* De nomine */ Reply 3960354 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (mathematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Intelligo sed non aperitur mihi pagina Italica. [[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:51, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) 5a68ol38p3pdeyyp6669uhpeokekj4n 3960356 3960354 2026-05-18T02:51:19Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* De nomine */ 3960356 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (mathematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Intelligo sed non aperitur mihi pagina Italica. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:51, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) 7rs6c3x55fubgtkrum91skqp5f25sie 3960357 3960356 2026-05-18T02:52:28Z Grufo 64423 3960357 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (matematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Intelligo sed non aperitur mihi pagina Italica. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:51, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Mea culpa. Nexum correxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:52, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) e26q3dd5ai4j017fe6zwcv0nx9c70mr 3960358 3960357 2026-05-18T02:52:39Z Pseudo-philodoxia 207639 /* De nomine */ Reply 3960358 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (matematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Intelligo sed non aperitur mihi pagina Italica. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:51, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Mea culpa. Nexum correxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:52, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Ignosce, invenitur: [[:it:Reticolo (matematica)]]. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:52, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) l31k9nrvnzaidm1p8xansth7syxzo32 3960360 3960358 2026-05-18T02:56:10Z Grufo 64423 /* d:Q17406201 */ Nova pars 3960360 wikitext text/x-wiki == De nomine == Nomen neutrale “cancellum” abest. Haec nomina exstant: * cancellus = Anglice ''bar'' * cancelli (plur. tantum) = Anglice ''gate'' * craticula = Anglice ''grid'' * reticulum = Anglice ''net'' / ''grid'' * clāthrī (plur. tantum) = ''lattice'' / ''grate'' Paginam ad “[[Reticulum (mathematica)]]” movi—{{*cfr}} pagina Italica [[:it:Reticolo (matematica)]]. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:45, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Intelligo sed non aperitur mihi pagina Italica. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:51, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :: Mea culpa. Nexum correxi. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:52, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) :Ignosce, invenitur: [[:it:Reticolo (matematica)]]. --[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Pseudo-philodoxia|disputatio]]) 02:52, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) == [[:d:Q17406201]] == @[[Usor:Pseudo-philodoxia|Pseudo-philodoxia]]: Cave, [[:d:Q17406201]] est categoria. --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Grufo|disputatio]]) 02:55, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) 4hqts1xmzdlmnun06kyjuud3uqi7zs9 0 325088 3960373 2026-05-18T03:34:48Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3960373 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Kennethus Bae}} ([[Coreanice]] 케네스 배; natus 배준호 ''Bae Jun-ho'' die [[1 Augusti]] [[1968]]) est [[missionarius]] [[Evangelicalismus|Evangelicus]] [[Res publica Coreana|Coreo]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]. A [[Res publica popularis democratica Coreana|Corea Septentrionali]] de consiliis ad evertendum regimen damnatus, ad quindecim annos [[carcer]]is mense [[Aprilis|Aprilo]] [[2013]] damnatus est. Dimissus est die [[8 Novembris]] [[2014]]. == Opera == * [[2016]]: ''Not Forgotten: The True Story of My Imprisonment in North Korea''. ISBN 978-0718079635. == Bibliographia == * Gladstone, Rick (2 Maii 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/world/asia/kenneth-bae-longest-held-us-prisoner-of-north-korea-reveals-details-of-ordeal.html Kenneth Bae, Longest-Held U.S. Prisoner of North Korea, Reveals Details of Ordeal]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. * Legge, James (27 Aprilis 2013). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-korea-to-put-american-tour-operator-kenneth-bae-on-trial-for-trying-to-overthrow-the-government-8590882.html North Korea to put American tour operator Kenneth Bae on trial for "trying to overthrow the government"]. ''[[The Independent]]''. [[Londinium|Londinii]]. * Mullany, Gerry (7 Septembris 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/08/world/asia/leaving-north-korea-rodman-assails-obama-on-detained-american.html Rodman, Leaving North Korea, Says Prisoner Issue "Not My Job"]. ''The New York Times''. {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1968||Bae, Kennethus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Coreae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]] 9mvsufkperxxge6kyesr0zgmmc7iaxw 3960374 3960373 2026-05-18T03:37:12Z Bartholomite 116968 3960374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Kennethus Bae}} ([[Coreanice]] 케네스 배; natus 배준호 ''Bae Jun-ho'' die [[1 Augusti]] [[1968]]) est [[missionarius]] [[Evangelicalismus|Evangelicus]] [[Res publica Coreana|Coreo]]-[[CFA|Americanus]]. A [[Res publica popularis democratica Coreana|Corea Septentrionali]] de consiliis ad evertendum regimen damnatus, ad quindecim annos [[carcer]]is mense [[Aprilis|Aprilo]] [[2013]] damnatus est. Dimissus est die [[8 Novembris]] [[2014]]. == Opera == * [[2016]]: ''Not Forgotten: The True Story of My Imprisonment in North Korea''. ISBN 978-0718079635. == Bibliographia == * Gladstone, Rick (2 Maii 2016). [https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/03/world/asia/kenneth-bae-longest-held-us-prisoner-of-north-korea-reveals-details-of-ordeal.html Kenneth Bae, Longest-Held U.S. Prisoner of North Korea, Reveals Details of Ordeal]. ''[[The New York Times]]''. * Legge, James (27 Aprilis 2013). [https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-korea-to-put-american-tour-operator-kenneth-bae-on-trial-for-trying-to-overthrow-the-government-8590882.html North Korea to put American tour operator Kenneth Bae on trial for "trying to overthrow the government"]. ''[[The Independent]]''. [[Londinium|Londinii]]. * Mullany, Gerry (7 Septembris 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/08/world/asia/leaving-north-korea-rodman-assails-obama-on-detained-american.html Rodman, Leaving North Korea, Says Prisoner Issue "Not My Job"]. ''The New York Times''. {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1968||Bae, Kennethus}} [[Categoria:Incolae Coreae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Vasingtoniae civitatis]] [[Categoria:Missionarii]] 3f10ncvwlxhzxwomgd9yjtaay0ji934 0 325089 3960380 2026-05-18T04:43:54Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3960380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Nicetas Venceslai filius Bedrin}} ([[Russice]] Никита Вячеславович Бедрин, ''Nikita Vyacheslavovich Bedrin''; natus [[Bielogroda]]e die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[2006]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Italia|Italicus]]. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> F4 Italy 2021 Spielberg Nr. 15 Bedrin.jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2021]]. F4 Germany 2022 Spa Nr. 15 Bedrin (1).jpg|Certamen F4 ADAC anno [[2022]]. F4 Italy 2022 Nr. 15 (1).jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno 2022. </gallery> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/nikita-bedrin Nicetas Bedrin] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2006||Bedrin, Nicetas Venceslai filius}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Russiae]] 76is24b74o7p5z2jql8fa3ngn2p2gke 3960392 3960380 2026-05-18T05:37:47Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3960392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Nicetas Venceslai filius Bedrin}} ([[Russice]] Никита Вячеславович Бедрин, ''Nikita Vyacheslavovich Bedrin''; natus [[Bielogroda]]e die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[2006]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Russia|Russo]]-[[Italia|Italicus]]. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> F4 Italy 2021 Spielberg Nr. 15 Bedrin.jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2021]]. F4 Germany 2022 Spa Nr. 15 Bedrin (1).jpg|Certamen F4 ADAC anno [[2022]]. F4 Italy 2022 Nr. 15 (1).jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno 2022. </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Nikita Bedrin|Nicetatem Bedrin}} * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/nikita-bedrin Nicetas Bedrin] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2006||Bedrin, Nicetas Venceslai filius}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Russiae]] 5idh27ktzsw71btmpctgzwk4isdpune 0 325090 3960382 2026-05-18T04:57:15Z Bartholomite 116968 nova 3960382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Andreas Kimi Antonelli}} (natus [[Bononia]]e die [[25 Augusti]] [[2006]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Grex Mercedes et Benz|Mercedes]] currit. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> F4 Italy 2021 Spielberg Nr. 99 Antonelli.jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2021]]. F4 Germany 2022 Spa Nr. 12 Antonelli (Outlap).jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2022]]. 2024 FIA Formula 2 Silverstone (54042418131) (cropped).jpg|Certamen F2 anno [[2024]]. 2026 Chinese GP - Mercedes - Kimi Antonelli - Post Race Celebration.jpg|Victoria in Magno Praemio Sinensi anno [[2026]]. </gallery> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/andrea-kimi-antonelli Andreas Kimi Antonelli] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2006||Antonelli, Kimi}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Italiae]] he51dtk3ksfypes90scrdl1th4ixgg2 3960386 3960382 2026-05-18T05:14:11Z Bartholomite 116968 3960386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Andreas Kimi Antonelli}} (natus [[Bononia]]e die [[25 Augusti]] [[2006]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Grex Mercedes et Benz|Mercedes]] currit. == Victoriae == * ''Grand Prix'' Siniensis anno [[2026]] * ''Grand Prix'' Iaponensis anno 2026 * ''Grand Prix'' Miamiensis anno 2026 == Pinacotheca == <gallery> F4 Italy 2021 Spielberg Nr. 99 Antonelli.jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2021]]. F4 Germany 2022 Spa Nr. 12 Antonelli (Outlap).jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2022]]. 2024 FIA Formula 2 Silverstone (54042418131) (cropped).jpg|Certamen F2 anno [[2024]]. 2026 Chinese GP - Mercedes - Kimi Antonelli - Post Race Celebration.jpg|Victoria in Magno Praemio Sinensi anno [[2026]]. </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Andrea Kimi Antonelli}} * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/andrea-kimi-antonelli Andreas Kimi Antonelli] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2006||Antonelli, Kimi}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Italiae]] giko0b9h5dqi8ils8ll2c669qkwn20x 3960387 3960386 2026-05-18T05:16:58Z Bartholomite 116968 3960387 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Andreas Kimi Antonelli}} (natus [[Bononia]]e die [[25 Augusti]] [[2006]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Italia|Italicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Grex Mercedes et Benz|Mercedes]] currit. == Victoriae == * ''Grand Prix'' Siniensis anno [[2026]] * ''Grand Prix'' Iaponiensis anno 2026 * ''Grand Prix'' Miamiensis anno 2026 == Pinacotheca == <gallery> F4 Italy 2021 Spielberg Nr. 99 Antonelli.jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2021]]. F4 Germany 2022 Spa Nr. 12 Antonelli (Outlap).jpg|Certamen F4 Italiana anno [[2022]]. 2024 FIA Formula 2 Silverstone (54042418131) (cropped).jpg|Certamen F2 anno [[2024]]. 2026 Chinese GP - Mercedes - Kimi Antonelli - Post Race Celebration.jpg|Victoria in Magno Praemio Sinensi anno [[2026]]. </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Andrea Kimi Antonelli}} * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/andrea-kimi-antonelli Andreas Kimi Antonelli] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|2006||Antonelli, Kimi}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Italiae]] py9nz1djhx42o5p60vdn5qxa6xqz075 0 325091 3960388 2026-05-18T05:29:13Z Bartholomite 116968 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Maximilianus Verstappen}} (vulgo ''Max''; natus [[Hasseletum|Hasseleti]] die [[30 Septembris]] [[1997]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Red Bull]] currit. == Victoriae == Certamen F1: anni [[2021]], [[2022]], [[2023]], [[2024]] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Max Verstappen 2015 Malaysia Q2.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Malaesia|Malasiensis]] [[2015]]. Max Verstapp...' 3960388 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Maximilianus Verstappen}} (vulgo ''Max''; natus [[Hasseletum|Hasseleti]] die [[30 Septembris]] [[1997]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Red Bull]] currit. == Victoriae == Certamen F1: anni [[2021]], [[2022]], [[2023]], [[2024]] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Max Verstappen 2015 Malaysia Q2.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Malaesia|Malasiensis]] [[2015]]. Max Verstappen during Hungarian Formula 1 GP.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Hungaria|Hungariensis]] anno [[2018]]. FIA F1 Austria 2023 Race (1).jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Austria|Austriensis]] anno [[2023]] </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Max Verstappen|Maximilianum Verstappen}} * [https://www.verstappen.com/ Situs interretialis] * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/max-verstappen Max Verstappen] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1997||Verstappen, Maximilianus}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Nederlaniae]] abyp5htj8ipn840wnabsuywf5i5hx73 3960389 3960388 2026-05-18T05:31:10Z Bartholomite 116968 /* Nexus externi */ 3960389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Maximilianus Verstappen}} (vulgo ''Max''; natus [[Hasseletum|Hasseleti]] die [[30 Septembris]] [[1997]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Red Bull]] currit. == Victoriae == Certamen F1: anni [[2021]], [[2022]], [[2023]], [[2024]] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Max Verstappen 2015 Malaysia Q2.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Malaesia|Malasiensis]] [[2015]]. Max Verstappen during Hungarian Formula 1 GP.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Hungaria|Hungariensis]] anno [[2018]]. FIA F1 Austria 2023 Race (1).jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Austria|Austriensis]] anno [[2023]] </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Max Verstappen (racing driver)|Maximilianum Verstappen}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://www.verstappen.com/ Situs interretialis] * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/max-verstappen Max Verstappen] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1997||Verstappen, Maximilianus}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Nederlaniae]] dbhej5g93arnourvqjbubxf20stbbx5 3960390 3960389 2026-05-18T05:32:01Z Bartholomite 116968 3960390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Maximilianus Verstappen}} (vulgo ''Max''; natus [[Hasseletum|Hasseleti]] die [[30 Septembris]] [[1997]]) est [[cursus autocinetorum|cursor autocinetorum]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]]. In [[Formula 1]] pro [[Red Bull]] currit. == Victoriae == Certamen F1: anni [[2021]], [[2022]], [[2023]], [[2024]] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Max Verstappen 2015 Malaysia Q2.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Malaesia|Malasiensis]] [[2015]]. Max Verstappen during Hungarian Formula 1 GP.jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Hungaria|Hungariensis]] anno [[2018]]. FIA F1 Austria 2023 Race (1).jpg|''Grand Prix'' [[Austria|Austriensis]] anno [[2023]] </gallery> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Max Verstappen (racing driver)|Maximilianum Verstappen}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://www.verstappen.com/ Situs interretialis] * [https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/max-verstappen Max Verstappen] apud DriverDB.com {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1997||Verstappen, Maximilianus}} [[Categoria:Cursores autocinetorum]] [[Categoria:Athletae Nederlandiae]] eusxo7en8iu7c3gtp1lsnn9cubv9q7i 0 325092 3960431 2026-05-18T08:36:34Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3960431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Église de Vexaincourt.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Vexaincourt: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Michael (archangelus)|Sancto Michaeli]] dicata.]] {{res|Vexaincourt}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 146 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vexaincourt|Vexaincourt}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] ragn69dqrdo15p5iwc81tyc8663k8dh 1 325093 3960432 2026-05-18T08:38:07Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3960432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Vexaincourt|236313672}} lbs2jf0q0zndke16p7bwvl6wctw0d2u 0 325094 3960438 2026-05-18T10:14:54Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3960438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:88-Vervezelle.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Vervezelle: communis tabula.]] {{res|Vervezelle}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 108 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Vervezelle|Vervezelle}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] bb0cdxlwh8w80f1gqpqnpvsbvwovxuf