Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.4 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 741 3962746 3861311 2026-05-31T06:42:53Z LilyKitty 18316 de sanitate restituta 3962746 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Gabriel Metsu 002.jpg|thumb|''Puer aeger'' - [[pictura]] [[Gabriel Metsu|Gabrielis Metsu]]]] [[Fasciculus:Charles Mellin zugeschr - Porträt eines Herrn - Gemäldegalerie Berlin.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Obesitas]] in [[cultura]] [[Renascentia]]e fuit signum status [[societas humana|socialis]]: ''[[Alexander del Borro]], generalis Tuscanus,'' [[pictura]] [[Andrea Sacchi|Andreae Sacchi]] tributa, [[1645]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cab.u-szeged.hu/cgfa/m/m-12.htm | author=Carol Gerten-Jackson | title=The Tuscan General Alessandro del Borro.}}</ref> Obesitas nunc late habetur morbus.]] '''Morbus''' vel '''aegritudo''' vel '''nosus''' ([[Graece]] νόσος)<ref name="Siebenhaar1850">Siebenhaar, F.J. (1850). ''Terminologisches Wörterbuch der medicinischen Wissenschaften.'' (editio secunda). Lipsiae: Arnoldische Buchhandlung.</ref> est inopia [[sanitas|sanitatis]], status abnormis et, qui [[corpus (physica)|corpus]] [[organismus|organismi]] adficiat. Morbus saepe habetur '''condicio medica''' cum propriis [[morbi nota|notis]] et [[signum medicum|signis]] coniuncta.<ref>{{DorlandsDict|three/000030493|Disease}}</ref> Causae morborum inter se variant. [[Infectio]]nes [[Bacterium|bacteriorum]] (exempli gratia, [[pestis]]), [[protozoa|protozoorum]], [[Virus biologicum|virorum]] (exempli gratia [[SIDA]]) sunt causae externae. [[Mutatio]]nes cum auctu sine fine [[cellula]]rum ([[cancer (morbus)|cancer]]) aut degenerationes (exempli gratia, [[morbus Alzheimerianus]], [[osteoporosis]], et [[sclerosis multiplex]] (quae [[encephalomyelitis disseminata]] accuratius dicitur) causae internae sunt. Multa [[indicium morbi|indicia morbi]] [[symptoma]]ta [[signum (indicium morbi)|signaque]] esse possunt: [[febris]], [[vomitus]], [[diarrhoea]], [[inflammatio]], [[haemorrhagia]], etc. Confluens quoque indiciorum, ''[[syndroma]]'' vocatum, in passiones dignoscendis utilis queat. == Exempla morborum == Morbi sunt, exempli gratia: {{div col|2}} * [[Acne]] * [[Allergia]] * [[Albinismus]] * [[Angina pectoris]] * [[Autismus]] * [[Cancer (morbus)|Cancer]] ** [[Angiosarcoma]] ** [[Cancer colorectalis]] ** [[Cancer mammae]] ** [[Cancer stomachi]] ** [[Cancer pancreaticus]] ** [[Cancer prostatae]] ** [[Cancer vesicae]] ** [[Carcinoma bronchiale]] (cancer pulmonum) ** [[Carcinoma cervicis uteri]] ** [[Carcinoma oesophageum]] ** [[Carcinoma hepatocellulare]] ** [[Glioblastoma multiforme]] (cancer cerebri) ** [[Leuchaemia]] ** [[Lymphoma]] ** [[Morbus Hodgkin]] ** [[Morbus Waldenstrom]] ** [[Melanoma malignum]] ** [[Osteosarcoma]] ** [[Retinoblastoma]] ** [[Sarcoma Kaposianum]] * [[Cirrhosis]] * [[Diabetes mellitus]] * [[Fibromyalgia]] * [[Fungus|Fungi]] ** [[Pityriasis versicolor]] * [[Hernia]] * [[Hypertensio]] * [[Ictus (morbus)|Ictus]] * [[Infarctus cordis]] * [[Infectio]]nes ** [[Anthrax]] ** [[Chlamydia]] ** [[Cholera]] ** [[COVID-19]] ** [[Diphtheria]] ** [[Dysenteria]] ** Febres [[haemorrhagia|haemorrhagicae]] *** [[Febris dengue|Dengue febris haemorrhagica]] *** [[Ebola febris haemorrhagica]] ** [[Gonorrhoea]] ** [[Gravedo]] ** [[Influentia]] *** [[Influentia porcina]] ** [[Herpes]] ** [[Lepra]] ** [[Legionellosis]] ** [[Malaria]] ** [[Morbillus]] ** [[Morbus Hispanicus]] ** [[Parotitis epidema]] ** [[Pestis]] ** [[Phthisis]] sive [[Tuberculosis]] ** [[Poliomyelitis]] ** [[Rabies]] ** [[Roseola]] sive [[rubella]] ** [[Scarlatina]] ** [[SCDI]] ** [[Syphilis]] ** [[Tetanus]] ** [[Typhus (morbus)|Typhus]] ** [[Ulcus aphthodes]] ** [[Ulcus molle]] ** [[Varicella]] ** [[Variola]] * [[Inflammatio]]nes ** [[Appendicitis]] ** [[Arthritis]] ** [[Asthma bronchiale|Asthma]] ** [[Bronchitis]] ** [[Cystitis]] ** [[Dermatitis]] ** [[Encephalitis]] ** [[Gastritis]] ** [[Hepatitis]] ** [[Herpes zoster]] ** [[Laryngitis]] ** [[Meningitis]] ** [[Myocarditis]] ** [[Oesophagitis]] *** [[Oesophagitis propter refluxum]] ** [[Otitis]] *** [[Otitis media acuta]] ** [[Pancreatitis]] ** [[Pericarditis]] ** [[Peritonitis]] ** [[Phlebitis]] *** [[Thrombophlebitis]] ** [[Pneumonia]] ** [[Sinusitis]] * [[Lupus erythematodes]] * [[Morbus Alzheimerianus]] * [[morbus mentis|Morbi mentis]] ** [[Alcoholismus]] ** [[Depressio (psychiatria)|Depressio]] ** [[Morbus dissidentiae phreneticae]] ** [[Prosopagnosia]] * [[Morbus sacer]] * [[Morbus Crohn]] * [[Morbus chronicus obstructionis pulmonum]] * [[Morbus Bechterew]] * [[Morbus Fabry]] * [[Myopia]] * [[Osteoporosis]] * [[Sclerosis lateralis amyotrophica]] * [[Sclerosis multiplex]] * [[Syndroma Down]] * [[Tumores benigni]] ** [[Verruca]]e *** [[Condylomata acuminata]] * [[Ulcus]] ** [[Ulcus duodeni]] ** [[Ulcus ventriculi]] * [[Varices venarum]] * [[Vitiligo]] {{index imperfectus}} {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} * [[Debilitas]] * [[Medicus]] * [[Pathologia]] * [[Sanitas restituta]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Nexus externus == {{CommuniaCat|Diseases|morbum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100306011914/http://www.dimdi.de/dynamic/de/klassi/diagnosen/icd10/htmlamtl2006/fr-icd.htm Index internationalis morborum,] apud www.dimdi.de [[Germanice]]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Biologia}} [[Categoria:Demographia]] [[Categoria:Epidemiologia]] [[Categoria:Indices rerum medicarum]] [[Categoria:Medicina]] [[Categoria:Morbi|!]] [[Categoria:Indicia morbi]] m8nz3ctxedxnxpiasrh53bab8linns0 0 3022 3962780 3960589 2026-05-31T11:36:50Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962780 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Capsa civitatis Vicidata}} {{Opus Politica Franciae}} {{FA stella}}'''Francia'''<ref>Etiam ''Gallia.''</ref>, seu '''Francogallia'''<ref>Vide vocabulum [https://de.pons.com/%C3%BCbersetzung/latein-deutsch/Francogallia "Francogallia" apud ''Pons Wörterbuch Latein-Deutsch].</ref>, rite '''Respublica Francica''' ([[Francice]] ''République française''), est [[civitas]] in [[Europa Occidentalis|Europa Occidentali]] sita ac [[civitas sui iuris]], cui adiunguntur aliquot [[Territoria Franciae transmarina|regiones, praefecturae, et territoria transmarina]] in aliis [[continens|continentibus]] et [[oceanus|oceanis]] sita. Quibus territoriis exceptis, [[Francia metropolitana]], maxima ex parte in finibus [[Gallia]]e antiquae sita, a [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]] ad [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceanum Britannicum]] et [[Mare Germanicum]], et a [[Rhenus|Rheno]] flumine ad [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceanum Atlanticum]] patet, aliquando ''L'Hexagone'' (scilicet '[[hexagonum]]') ob [[geometria|geometricam]] terrae formam in [[tabula geographica|tabulis]] appellata. Finitur ([[modus horologicus|modo horologii]] a parte septentrio-orientali incipiens) a [[Belgica]], [[Luxemburgum|Luxemburgo]], [[Germania]], [[Helvetia]], [[Italia]], [[Monoecus|Monoeco]]; ad [[meridies|meridiem]] ab [[Hispania]] et [[Andorra]]. Ad [[Britannia Maior|Britanniam]] [[insula]]m trans [[Mare Britannicum|Manicam]] (aut denuo sub eandem per [[Cuniculus Freti Gallici|Cuniculum Freti Gallici]]) itur. Francia, civitatum [[Europa]]earum (sine [[Russia]] et [[Ucraina]]) amplissima, est una e [[Unio Europaea#Civitates sociae|rebus publicis Unionis Europaeae]] conditricibus et omnium maxima quod ad [[area (geometria)|aream]] attinet; cuius fines incolunt ad sescenties octogies centena milia [[homo|hominum]]. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] et princeps [[urbs|urbium]] Francicarum est [[Lutetia]]. Francia [[Historia Franciae|nonnulla per saecula]] fuit [[magna potestas]] grave habens pondus [[cultura]]le, [[oeconomia|oeconomicum]], [[militia|militare]], [[civilitas|politicum]] tam in [[Europa]] quam in [[tellus|orbe terrarum]]. Saeculis [[saeculum 17|XVII]] et [[saeculum 18|XVIII]], Francia [[colonia]]s in magnis [[America Septentrionalis|Americae Septentrionalis]] regionibus deducebat; saeculis quidem [[saeculum 19|XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|XX]] ineunte [[Imperium Francicum|imperium]] magnitudine illorum temporum secundum constituit ([[Imperium Britannicum|Britannico]] enim maximo), magnis [[Africa Septentrionalis|Africae Septentrionalis]], [[Africa Occidentalis|Occidentalis]], [[Media Africa|Mediaeque]] et [[Asia Meridio-Orientalis|Asiae Meridio-Orientalis]] partibus et multis [[Insulae Pacificae|insulis Pacificis]] comprehensis. Haec natio summa optabilia expressa in [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum]] habet. Res publica Francica indivisibilis, [[laicismus|laica]], [[democratia|democratica]] socialisque sua [[constitutio]]ne definitur.<ref>Articulus I Constitutionis Francicaa: ... ''La France est une République indivisible, laïque, démocratique et sociale''.</ref> Francia est apud [[civitas evoluta|nationes evolutissimas]] in toto orbe terrarum est,<ref>[http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Complete.pdf Overcoming barriers: Human mobility and development] (Anglice).Relatio Progressūs Humani anni 2009. Programma Progressūs Nationum Unitarum. Novi Eboraci. ISBN 978-0-230-23904-3.</ref> quintam maximam oeconomiam secundum [[Productus domesticus generalis|productum domesticum generalem]] (PDG) nominalem, nonam maximam oeconomiam secundum [[par acquierendi potestas|paritatem pecuniae virium]] et secundam oeconomiam totius Europae possidet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081004071135/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html Field listing – GDP (official exchange rate) (Anglice), archivatum in Wayback Machine] die 4 Octobris anni 2008. Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA.</ref> Natio alta [[qualitas victus|qualitate victus]] non minus quam magno frequentationis scholarum publicarum gradu gaudet, praeter habendam unam maximas apud [[exspectatio vitae|exspectationes vitae]] in mundo.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110310193910/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf «World Population Prospects – The 2006 Revision»] (PDF) (Anglice). [[Nationes Unitae|NU]]. Inspectum die 27 Aprilis anni 2010. Cópia arquivada (PDF) em 10 de março de 2011</ref> Francia putatur natio optimam salutem publicam in toto orbe terrarum praebens ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|OMS]].<ref>[https://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ «World Health Organization Assesses the World's Health Systems»] (Anglice, Arabice, Sinice, Francice, Russice et Hispanice). Relatio OMS. Die 8 Decembris anni 2010. Inspectum die 16 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> Etiam est natio invisissima in toto orbe terrarum, accipiens 82 milliones peregrinorum periegetarum quotannis. Huic nationi est tertia dispensatio oeconomica militaris in toto orbe terrarum,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110725213004/http://milexdata.sipri.org/ «The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) military expenditure database»] (Anglice). Milexdata.sipri.org. Inspectum die 16 Iulii anni 2011.</ref>, tertia maxima vis militaris intra [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] (CFAS) et maximus exercitus intra [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] (UE); praeterea, Francia unum e membris perpetuis quinque [[Consilium securitatis|Consilii securitatis]] est et tertium maximum [[arma nuclearia|armorum nuclearium]] numerum possidet.<ref>[https://fas.org/issues/nuclear-weapons/status-world-nuclear-forces/ «Federation of American Scientists : Status of World Nuclear Forces»] (Anglice). Fas.org. Die 26 Maii anni 2010. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.</ref> Haec natio membrum Unionis Europaeae conditorium est et maximam aream et secundam maximam huius consociationis oeconomiam possidet. Quoque est membrum conditorium [[Nationes Unitae|Ordinis Nationum Unitarum]], non minus quam [[Francophonia]]e, [[G8|Gregis Octo Civitatum]], [[G20|Gregis Viginti Civitatum]], [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis|Ordinis oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]] (OCDE), [[Ordo mercaturae mundanae|Ordinis mercaturae mundanae]] (OMC) et [[Unio Latina|Unionis Latinae]]. == Nomen == [[Francia metropolita|Francia hexagonalis]] easdem fere terras habet quibus nomen apud [[Graece|Graecos]] antiquos ''Celtice'' fuit, apud [[Romani antiqui|Romanos]] ''[[Gallia]]'': propter expugnationem [[Franci|Francorum]] plenius interdum ''Francogallia''<ref>Sic [[Ephemeris]].</ref> (appellatio e nominibus Latinis ''[[Franci]]'' et ''[[Gallia]]'' [[Medium Aevum|tempore mediaevali]] adhibitis composita.<ref>Lugge (1960).</ref> appellatur, brevius ''Francia''<ref>"[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0304a.html Francia]" in {{Lexfons}}</ref> secundum nomen vulgare, sed [[antiquitas|historiae antiquae]] causa apud nonnullos hodiernos ''Gallia.''<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/news_services/press/sinodo/documents/bollettino_20_x-ordinaria-2001/xx_plurilingue/b01_xx.html Synodus Episcoporum Bollettino].</ref> Incolae ipsi [[Britonice]] tali modo ''Bro-C'hall'' ('Terra Gallorum') appellant, sed [[Vasconice]] ''Frantzia'', [[Occitanice]] ''França,'' et in [[lingua publica|lingua civitatis]] (iisdem rationibus aut [[Francogallice|Francogallica]] aut Francica sive Gallica nuncupata) ''France'' {{IPA|/ˈfʁɑ̃s/}}. Civitas publicitus et plenius ''La république française'' ('respublica Francica') nuncupatur. Nomen ''Francia'' [[saeculum 7|saeculo fere septimo]] primum reperitur, quo aevo regionem a flumine [[Liger]]i ad aquilonem conversam designavit ubi [[Franci|Francus]] populus, migratorius [[Germani]]cus, sedem constituerat regnumque condiderat. Finibus huius regni prolatis appellatio regiones plures comprehendit. Linguis vernacularibus iam in carminibus antiquis sub formis ''France'' et ''Fransa'' invenitur, e.g. in ''[[La chanson de Roland|Carmine Rolandi]]'' ''Li empereres Carles de France dulce'' scil. "ille imperator [[Carolus Magnus|Carolus]] Franciae dulcis"<ref>''[[La chanson de Roland]]'' v. 16.</ref> atque in carmine epico Occitanico ''En doussa Fransa nostres cors sejournier'' ('in dulci Francia corpora nostra reponere').<ref>''[[Rollan a Saragossa]]'' v. 278.</ref> == Historia == {{Vide-etiam|Historia Francogallica}} ===Aetas Praehistorica=== [[Fasciculus:France-Carnac-Alignement_de_Kermario.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Carnac|Saxa erecta Carnacensia]].]] Antiquissima [[Hominidae|hominidarum]] vestigia ubi in praesenti Francia est originem trahunt propemodum a 1,8 millionibus annorum abhinc.<ref name="Carpentier">Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.</ref> Hi homines severo variabilique climate, notato aliquot [[Aevum glaciale|aetatibus glacialibus]], obversari debuerunt. Primae hominidae [[nomades|nomadicam]] [[venatio et collectio|venatorum collectorumque]] vitam agebant.<ref name="Carpentier">Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.</ref> Francia magnum [[caverna]]rum ornatarum numerum a [[Palaeolithicum|Palaeolithico]] habet, apud quas, una clarissimarum optimeque servatarum est [[Spelunca Lascaux]] (propemodum ab anno 18 000 a.C.n.).<ref name="Carpentier">Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire ", Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.</ref> Exeunte [[Tempus glaciale recentissimum|tempore glaciali recentissimo]] (anno 10 000 a.C.n.), clima lene factum est.<ref name="Carpentier">Ioannes (Jean) Carpentier (dir.), Franciscus (François) Lebrun (dir.), Alanus (Alain) Tranoy, Elizabetha (Élisabeth) Carpentier et Ioannes Maria (Jean-Marie) Mayeur cum Iacobi(Jacques) Le Goff praefatione, Histoire de France (Francice), Points Seuil, coll. " Histoire," Lutetiae, 2000 (I ed. anno 1987), p. 17 ISBN 2-02-010879-8.</ref> Circa annum 7000 a.C.n., haec [[Europa Occidentalis|Europae Occidentalis]] pars [[Neolithicum]] inivit et eius incolae sedentarii facti sunt, ingentem post progressum demographicum agriculturalemque inter [[Millennium 4 a.C.n.|IV]] et [[Millennium 3 a.C.n.|III millennium a.C.n.]]. [[Metallurgia]] apparuit exeunte III millenio a.C.n., initio cum operibus [[aurum|aureis]], [[cuprum|cupreis]], [[Aes (mixtura)|aëneis]] et serius [[ferrum|ferreis]].<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 20–24.</ref> Franciae innumeri situs [[megalithus|megalithici]] a Neolithico aevo, apud quos est exceptionaliter spissus situs [[Carnac|Saxorum erectorum Carnacensium]] circa annum 3 300 a.C.n.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717103117/http://menhirs.tripod.com/intro.html «Megaliths of Carnac: Introduction»] (Anglice). menhirs.tripod.com. Inspectum die 7 Ianuarii anni 2010.</ref> ===Antiquitas=== {{Vide-etiam|Celtae|Gallia|Gallia Narbonensis}} [[Fasciculus:Lionel Royer - Vercingetorix Throwing down His Weapons at the feet of Julius Caesar.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Vercingetorix]] [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Iulio Caesari]] se dedit per [[Bellum Gallicum]].]] [[Fasciculus:Maison Carree in Nimes (16).jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Maison Carrée|Domus Quadrata]] (Francice ''Maison Carrée'' et Occitanice ''Ostau Cairat''), templum Gallo-Romanae urbis [[Nemausus|Nemausi]] (Francice ''Nîmes'' et Occitanice ''Nimes'') et unum optime conservatorum vestigiorum [[Romani antiqui|Romanorum]].]] [[Fasciculus:Arles-arenes.jpg|210px|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Interiora [[Amphitheatrum|amphitheatri Romani]] urbis [[Arelate|Arelatis]], in praefectura [[Ostia Rhodani|Ostiis Rhodani]] (Francice ''Bouches-du-Rhône'' et Occitanice ''Bocas de Ròse'').]] Anno [[600 a.C.n.]], [[Graeci]] [[Iones]], e [[Phocaea]] oriundi, [[colonia]]m [[Massilia]]m ([[Francice]] ''Marseille'', [[Occitanice]] ''Marselha'', [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graece]] Μασσαλία) iuxta [[Mare Mediterraneum|Maris Mediterranei]] litus condiderunt, quod eam antiquissimam urbem in Francia facit.<ref>''[https://books.google.es/books?id=n1TmVvMwmo4C&pg=RA1-PA754&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Cambridge ancient history] (Anglice). [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. 2000. p. 754. ISBN 978-0-521-08691-2. Inspectum die 23 Ianuarii anni 2011.''</ref><ref>Claudius (Claude) Orrieux (1999). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=b8cA8hymTw8C&pg=PA62&redir_esc=y A history of ancient Greece]''. [S.l.]: John Wiley & Sons. p. 62. ISBN 978-0-631-20309-4. Inspectum 23 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> Simul, aliquae tribus [[Celtae]] [[Galli]] praesentis Franciae territorii partes pervaserunt et haec occupatio reliquam in Franciam inter [[saeculum IV a.C.n.|saecula IV]] et [[saeculum III a.C.n.|III a.C.n.]] se expandit.<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 29.</ref> Circa annum [[125 a.C.n.]], [[Gallia]]e meridies a [[Res Publica Romana|Re publica Romana]] capta est, quae hanc regionem [[Gallia Narbonensis|Provinciam Nostram]] nominavit, unde per tempora ortum est toponymum [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provincia]] (Francice ''Provence'', Occitanice ''Provença'' seu ''Prouvènço'').<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=ZEIEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA77&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=onepage&q&f=false «Provence in Stone»]. ''Life''. Die 13 Iulii anni 1953. p. 77.</ref> [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Iulius Caesar]] reliquam Galliam cepit et prinicpis Galli [[Vercingetorix|Vercingetorigis]] rebellionem anno [[52 a.C.n.]] sedavit.<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 44–45.</ref> Gallia in aliquot [[Index provinciarum Romanarum Imperii|provincias Romanas]] ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] divisa est.<ref name="Carpentier 53">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.</ref> Plurimae urbes conditae sunt Gallo-Romanam per periodum, apud quas est [[Lugdunum]] (Francice ''Lyon'' et [[lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanice]] ''Liyon''), putatum Gallorum caput.<ref name="Carpentier 53">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.</ref> Hae urbes traditionali modo Romano constructae sunt; cum [[forum|foro]], [[theatrum|theatro]], [[circus|circo]], [[Amphitheatrum|amphitheatro]] et [[Thermae Romanae|balneis thermalibus]].<ref name="Carpentier 53">Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 53–55.</ref> Galli Romanis cum colonis se miscuerunt et Romanas culturam linguamque ([[Lingua Latina|linguam latinam]], e qua [[lingua Francica]] progressa est) denique adoptaverunt. [[Religio Romana|Polytheismus Romanus]] cum [[Religio Celtica|Paganismo Gallico]] confusus est in eodem [[syncretismus|syncretismi]] processu.<ref>Woolf, G. (1998). ''Becoming Roman: the origins of provincial civilization in Gaul'' (Anglice). Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.</ref> Ex [[anni 250|annis 250]] usque ad [[anni 280|annos 280]], Gallia Romana magnam crisin passa est, eius limites munitionibus instructos incursantibus [[barbarus|barbaris]] pluriens.<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 76–77</ref> Nihilominus, status melioravit primo [[saeculum 4|saeculi IV]] dimidio, ubi fuit periodus revivificationis prosperitatisque Galliae Romanae.<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 79–82</ref> Anno [[312]], [[Index Imperatorum Romanorum|imperator]] [[Constantinus I|Constantinus]] ad [[Religio Christiana|Christianismum]] se convertit. Postea, christiani, qui usque ad illud tempus exagitati erant, cito creverunt totum per [[Imperium Romanum]].<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 81.</ref> Sed, ex ineunte [[saeculum 5|saeculo V]], [[Migrationes Europaeae populorum et gentium|invasiones barbaricae]] denuo rediverunt<ref>Carpentier et al. 2000, p. 84.</ref> et tribus barbaricae, sicuti [[Vandali]], [[Suebi]] et [[Alani]], [[Rhenus|flumen Rhenum]] transiverunt et constiterunt in Gallia, [[Hispania]] et in aliis [[Occasus Imperii Romani Occidentalis|Imperii Romani Occidentalis occidentis]] partibus.<ref> Carpentier et al. 2000, pp. 84–88.</ref> ===Medium aevum=== {{Vide-etiam|Regnum Francorum|Carolingorum stirps|Stirps Capetiana|Gens Burbonia|Reges Franciae}} [[Fasciculus:Franks expansion.gif|thumb|upright=1.2|[[Franci|Francorum]] expansio inter annos 481 et 843/870.]] [[Antiquitas posterior|Exeunte Antiquitatis periodo]], antiqua [[Gallia]] in aliquot [[Germani (antiquitas)|Germanica]] reina et reliquum Gallo-Romanum territorium, [[Regnum Syagrii]] nuncupatum, divisa erat. Simul, [[Celtae]] [[Britanni]], cum ab [[Anglosaxones|Anglosaxonicā]] [[Britannia Maior|Britanniae Maioris]] invasione fugissent, in occidentali [[Armorica]]e parte consederunt. Sic, paeninsula Armorica [[Britannia Minor]] denuo nominata est, Celtica cultura revivificata est et aliquot parva regna independentia orta sunt hac in regione. [[Franci]] [[paganismus|pagani]], a quibus nomen "Francia" derivatum est, initio in septentrionali Galliae parte consederunt; sed, [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovecho]] rege, pleraque alia regna septentrionalis mediaeque regionis ceperunt. Anno [[498]], Chlodovechus primus Germanicus expugnator factus est post [[Occasus Imperii Romani Occidentalis|Occasum Imperii Romani]] qui ad [[Christianismus|Christianismum]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicum]] se convertit, magis quam ad [[Arianismus|Arianismum]]; itaque, Francia titulum "filiae antiquissimae Ecclesiae" (Francice ''la fille aînée de l'Église'') a [[papa|papatu]] accepit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112834/http://www.wf-f.org/03-1-France.html «Faith of the Eldest Daughter – Can France retain her Catholic heritage?»] (Anglice). ''Wf-f.org''. Inspectum die 17 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> Franci culturam Gallo-Romanam Christianam susceperunt et denique antiqua Gallia rursus nominata est Francia, scilicet "Terra Francorum". Franci Germanici [[Linguae Romanicae|linguas Romanicas]] adoptaverunt, praeter Galliae septentrionem, ubi Romanae coloniae minus densae erant et ubi ortae sunt [[linguae Germanicae]]. [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovechus]] [[Lutetia]]m suum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] fecit et [[dynastia Merovingica|dynastiam Merovingicam]] stabilivit, sed regnum non eius morti superesset. Franci terram simpliciter sicut privatam possessionem tractabant et eam inter heredes dividebant; tunc quattuor regna orta sunt, [[Chlodovechus I (rex Francorum)|Chlodovecho]] mortuo: [[Lutetia]], [[Aurelianum]], [[Augusta Suessionum]] et [[Durocortorum]]. [[Reges Franciae|Ultimi reges Merovingi]] potestatem suis pro [[maior domus|maioribus domis]] perdiderunt. Quorum unus, [[Carolus Martellus]], invasionem [[Islam]]icam Galliae in [[Pictavium|Proelio Pictaviensi]] (anno [[732]]) vicit et respectum potestatemque intra Regna Franca adeptus est. Eius filius, [[Pippinus III (maior domus)|Pippinus Iunior]], Franciae coronam occupavit, debilitatis [[Merovingi]]s et [[Carolingorum stirps|dynastiam Carolingicam]] stabilivit. Pippini filius, [[Carolus Magnus]], qui [[Saxonia (discretiva)|Saxoniam]], [[Bavaria]]m atque septentrionales partes [[Italia]]e subiecit, Regna Franca conglutinavit et vastum imperium in tota Europa occidentali mediaque construxit.<ref>Bradbury, Jim (2 Augusti anni 2004). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=3FRsBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Routledge. pag. 19–. ISBN 978-1-134-59847-2.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Aachen Domschatz Bueste1.jpg|thumb|left|Effigies [[Carolus Magnus|Caroli Magni]], primi [[Imperator Romanus Sacer|Imperatoris Francorum]], exposita in [[Cathedralis|Cathedrali]] [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgranensi]], in [[Germania]].]] [[Carolus Magnus]] [[Romanorum Imperator|Imperator]] a [[Leo III|Papa Leone III]] appellatus est et, sic, antiquam historicam coniunctionem inter gubernium Francicum et [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiam Catholicam]] denuo stabilivit.<ref> «[https://web.archive.org/web/20110206213909/http://berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/resources/countries/france France]» (Anglice). Berkley Center for Religion, Peace, and World Affairs. Inspectum die 14 Decembris anni 2011.</ref> Qui [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale]] et eius culturalem magnitudinem revivificare conatus est. Caroli Magni filius, [[Ludovicus I Pius (imperator)|Ludovicus I Pius]], imperans inter annos 814 et 840, imperium consociatum servavit; nihilominus, Imperium Carolingicum eius morti non superesset. Anno [[843]], secundum [[Foedus Virodunense]] (Francice ''Traité de Verdun''), imperium inter tres Ludovici filios divisum est: [[Regnum Francorum orientalium|Francia Orientalis]] cum [[Ludovicus (rex Francorum orientalium)|Ludovico Germanico]] mansit; [[Francia Media]] penes [[Lotharius I (imperator)|Lotharium I]] evenit, dum [[Francia Occidentalis]] penes [[Carolus II (imperator)|Carolum II Calvum]] evenit. Francia Occidentalis fere totam praesentis Franciae aream occupabat et eius praecursoria natio est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110716063456/http://history.howstuffworks.com/european-history/treaty-of-verdun.htm «Treaty of Verdun»] (Anglice). History.howstuffworks.com. Die 27 Februarii anni 2008. Inspectum 17 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> [[Carolingorum stirps|Dynastia Carolingica]] Franciam usque ad annum [[987]] regnavit, cum [[Hugo Capetius]], Dux Franciae et Comes Lutetiae, [[Reges Franciae|Rex Francorum]] coronatus est.<ref>[http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=1008&HistoryID=ab03&gtrack=pthc «History of France – The Capetian kings of France: AD 987–1328»] (Anglice). Historyworld.net. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> Cuius posteri —[[Stirps Capetiana|Capetii]], [[Gens Valesia]] et [[Gens Burbonia]]— progressive nationem adunavit per bella et dynasticam hereditatem in Regnum Franciae, quod omnino declaratum est anno [[1190]] a [[Philippus II (rex Francorum)|Philippo II]]. Francica nobilitas prominens munus obivit plerisque [[Expeditio sacra|Cruciatis]], ut Christianus accessus ad [[Terra Sancta|Terram Sanctam]] restitueretur. Francici [[Expeditio sacra|milites crucesignati]] maxima pars continuae auxiliorum copiae per annorum 200 periodon Cruciatarum sic constituebant ut [[Arabes]] uniformiter milites crucesignatos فرنج (pronuntiatur ''franĝ'') nuncuparent, quamquam illorum parvum interest si crucesignati venirent e Francia.<ref name="Nadeau">Ioannes Benedictus (Jean-Benoit Nadeau); Iulia (Julie) Barlow (die 8 Ianuarii anni 2008). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=JYDOrzMpgGcC&pg=PT34&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false The Story of French]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: St. Martin's Press. pp. 34–. ISBN 978-1-4299-3240-0. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.</ref> Francici milites cruciferi [[lingua Francica|linguam Francicam]] in [[Levans|Levantem]] etiam importaverunt, quae [[Civitates Crucesignatae|Civitatum Crucesignatarum]] [[lingua franca]] facta est.<ref name="Nadeau"/> Francici equites maximam copiam etiam constituebant in ordinibus [[Ordo Hospitalis|Hospitalariorum]] et [[Pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Salomonici|Templariorum]]. Qui ultimi, praesertim, aliquot proprietates tota in Francia possidebant et, [[saeculum 13|saeculo XIII]], erant praecipui argentarii Coronae Francicae donec [[Philippus IV (rex Francorum)|Philippus IV Franciae]] hunc ordinem anno 1307 abolevit. [[Expeditio sacra in Albigenses]] anno 1209 effecta est, ut [[cathari|catharos]], [[Haeresis|haeretici]] putati, ex austroccidentali praesentis Franciae regione de medio tollerentur. Denique, cathari exterminati sunt et liber [[Comitatus Tolosanus]] (Francice ''Comté de Toulouse'' et Occitanice ''Comtat de Tolosa'') ad Coronae Francicae terras annexus est.<ref>«Massacre of the Pure». ''[[Time]]''. [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novi Eboraci]]. Die 28 Aprilis anni 1961.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Lenepveu, Jeanne d'Arc au siège d'Orléans.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Ioanna Arcensis]] in Proelio [[Aurelianum|Aurelianensi]].]] [[Carolus IV (rex Franciae)|Carolus IV]] mortuus est sine herede anno [[1328]].<ref name="Guerard">Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.</ref> Secundum [[Lex Salica|Legem Salicam]], corona Francica feminae transmitti nequiebat nec stirps regia femineam per stirpem transmitti nequiret.<ref name="Guerard">Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.</ref> Eapropter, corona [[Philippus VI (rex Francorum)|Philippo VI Valesio]], Caroli IV [[cosinus (familia)|cosino]], transmissa est nec femineam per stirpem Caroli IV nepto<ref>Neptus, Filius fratris, in Actis S. Rudesindi Episcopi tom. 1. Martii pag. 105. Apud [https://web.archive.org/web/20230220225709/http://ducange.enc.sorbonne.fr/NEPOS ''Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis]'', Du Cange et alii.</ref>, [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardo]], qui postea [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardus III Angliae]] fieret. Philippo VI rege, monarchia Francica maximum potestatis mediaevalis attigit.<ref name="Guerard">Albertus (Albert) Guerard, ''France: A Modern History'' (Anglice) (University of Michigan Press: Ann Arbor, 1959) pag. 100, 101.</ref> Sed [[Eduardus III (rex Angliae)|Eduardus III]], contra Legem Salicam, sibi iure successionis imperium Franciae esse postulavit, quare [[Bellum Centum Annorum]]<ref>Don O'Reilly. [https://web.archive.org/web/20061109043743/http://www.historynet.com/magazines/military_history/3031536.html "Hundred Years' War: Joan of Arc and the Siege of Orléans"] (Anglice). ''TheHistoryNet.com''.</ref> ortum est inter [[Anglia]]m et Franciam anno 1337, pridie primae undae [[Mors atra|Mortis atrae]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090829034202/http://encarta.msn.com/text_761568934___117/France.html «France VII»] (Anglice). ''Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2009''. Webcitation.org.</ref> et duravit usque ad annum 1453. Exacti limites multum per tempora mutaverunt, sed regum Anglorum Francicae proprietates extensae manserunt per decennia. Charismaticis cum principibus, sicuti [[Ioanna Arcensis|Ioanna Arcensi]] et [[La Hire]], potentes redintegrationes pugnae Francicae continentalia Anglorum territoria ceperunt. Ut reliqua Europa, Francia Morte atra valde percussa est; dimidium numeri incolarum Franciae mortuum est hoc in periodo.<ref> Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987). [https://books.google.es/books?id=VT9rIMQFt2MC&pg=PA32&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false ''"The French peasantry, 1450–1660"''] (Anglice). University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 0-520-05523-3.</ref><ref>Petrus (Peter) Turchin (2003). ''[Historical dynamics: why states rise and fall]'' (Anglice). Princeton University Press. p. 179. ISBN 0-691-11669-5.</ref> [[Gens Valesia]] (1328–1589), incursionibus [[Ducatus Burgundiae]] iuvantibus, [[Helvetii]]s feliciter propulsavit. Ea de causa postea crebrae querelae inter Franciam et [[Hispania]]m [[Domus Habsburgensis|Habsburgensem]] ortae sunt. ===Aevum modernum=== [[Fasciculus:Debat-Ponsan-matin-Louvre.jpg|thumb|upright=0.7|left|[[Catharina Medicaea]] [[Protestantes|Protestantium]] cadavera observat post [[Caedes Sancti Bartholomei|Caedem Sancti Bartholomei]], anno 1572, [[Bella religionis (Francia)|Bellorum religionis]] culmen in Francia. Francica pictura anni 1880.]] Francicum [[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentia]] magnificum progressum culturalem et primam [[lingua Francica|linguae Francicae]] [[normalizatio]]nem praebuit, quae [[lingua publica]] Franciae et lingua [[aristocratia]]e Europaeae fieret. Etiam exarserunt plurimi conflictus militares, [[Bella Italica]] nominati, inter Regnum Franciae et potens [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium]]. Francici exploratores, sicuti [[Iacobus Quarterius]] aut [[Samuel Camplenius]], Franciae terras in [[America]] vindicaverunt, quod futuram [[Primum Imperium coloniale Francicum|Primi imperii colonialis Francici]] (Francice ''Premier empire colonial français'') expansionem paravit. [[Protestantes|Protestantium]] [[Reformatio|surrectio]] in Europa Franciam in [[bellum civile]], [[Bella religionis (Francia)|Bella religionis]] nuncupatum, induxit, quorum notissimus casus fuit [[Caedes Sancti Bartholomei]] (Francice ''Massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy'') anno 1572, ubi milia [[Hugenoti|Hugenotorum]] necati sunt.<ref>[https://www.britannica.com/event/Massacre-of-Saint-Bartholomews-Day «Massacre of Saint Bartholomew's Day»] (Anglice). Britannica.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> [[Edictum Namnetense|Edicto Namnetense]] Protestantibus videlicet asseclis Ioanni Calvini et Hugenotis tolerantiam promissa est, quare status rerum internarum iterum quietus est. [[Ludovicus XIII|Ludovico XIII]] regnante, animosus [[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus Richelaeus|cardinalis Richeliaeus]] Civitatis centralizationi favit et regalem potestatem corroboravit, cum domesticam potestatem in decennio 1620 tenentes dearmaret. Hic [[Castellum mediaevale|castella]] dominorum qui centralem potestatem provocaverant systematice ruit et privatae violentiae usum ([[duellum|duella]], armorum portationem et privati exercitus possessionem) declamavit. Exeunte anno [[1620]], Richeliaeus "regium vis monopolium" velut doctrinam stabilivit.<ref>Tilly, Carolus (Charles) (1985). "War making and state making as organized crime" (Anglice) in Bringing the State Back In, ed. P.B. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1985. p. 174.</ref> Sic, dum cardinalis [[Armandus Ioannes Plessaeus Richelaeus|Richelaeus]] (1624–42) et suus successor [[Iulius Mazarinus|Mazarinus]] (1642–1661) rebus moderabantur, potestas regiminis centralis aucta est. [[Bellum tricennale|Bello tricennale]] (1618–1648) facto Francogallia iterum supremam dominationem militarem atque culturalem nacta est. [[Fasciculus:Louis_XIV_of_France.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Ludovicus XIV]], "Rex Solis", Franciae [[Monarchia absoluta|monarcha absolutus]] fuit et nationem praecipuam potentiam Europeam fecit.]] Monarchia suum culmen saeculum XVII attigit. Sic [[Ludovicus XIV]] (1661–1715) studio [[Absolutismus|Absolutismi]] adipiscendi maxime progressit atque successit, cum potentes [[feudalismus|dominos feudales]] in [[Castellum Versaliense|Castelli Versaliensis]] [[aulicus|aulicos]] transformaret. Eo regnante fines Francogalliae incommodo nationum adiacentium fortiter propagatae sunt et fecit Franciam praecipuam Europaeam potentiam; quare Francogalli inimicitias [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] meruerunt; in quod cum confligendo opes regni magis magisque fatigatae sunt; imprimis [[Bellum de successione Hispanica|Belli de successione Hispanica]] inter annos [[1701]] et [[1713]] gesti causa. Sed, natio populosissima in Europa facta est et ingens pondus in continentis civilitate, oeconomia et cultura habuit. [[Lingua Francica]] maioris usus lingua facta est [[diplomatia]]e, [[scientia]]e, [[litterae|litteris]] et [[relationes internationales|relationibus internationalibus]] et hoc modo usque ad saeculum XX mansit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20230406202845/http://www.nakedtranslations.com/en/2004/language-and-diplomacy/%7C%C2%ABLanguage and Diplomacy»]. Nakedtranslations.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> [[Ludovicus XV|Ludovico XV]], [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovici XIV]] [[pronepos|pronepote]], regnante; Francia [[Nova Francia|Novam Franciam]] et maiorem [[India Francica|Indiae Francicae]] partem amisit post cladem in [[Bellum Septem Annorum|Bello Septem Annorum]], anno 1763 confecto. Nihilominus, Europaeum eius territorium crescere perrexit, insignibus cum adeptionibus, sicuti [[Lotharingia (regio Franciae recentior)|Lotharingia]] (1766) et [[Corsica]] (1770). Debile impopulareque Ludovici XV gubernium, ob suas pecuniarias, politicas et militares decretiones male excogitatas —non minus quam ob suae domi regiae prodigentiam— monarchiam infamavit, quamobrem indubitabiliter patuerunt [[Res novae Francicae]], quae annos quindecim mortuum post regem acciderent.<ref>[http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/louis_xv.shtml «BBC History: Louis XV (1710–1774)»] (Anglice). [[BBC]]. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref><ref>[http://webspace.qmul.ac.uk/cdhjones/documents/gn_pdf.pdf «Scholarly bibliography by Colin Jones (2002)»] (PDF) (Anglice). Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> ===Res novae Francicae=== {{Vide-etiam|Res novae Francicae}} Pecuniaria ob problemata, rex [[Ludovicus XVI]] [[Ordines generales]]<ref>Vide [https://neolatinlexicon.org/silva-old/ neolatinlexicon.org], ubi dicitur "legislature: Estates-General (as in early modern Holland or France) / ordines (v. potestates) generales (Milton)".</ref> (Francice ''États généraux'') convocavit, congregatis tribus [[stamentum|regni stamentis]]<ref>Vide ''[Glossarium ad scriptores mediae et infimae Latinitatis]'' in interrete, ubi dicitur "STAMENTUM, Ordo, Gall. Etat, Hisp. Estamento. Constitut. Eccl. Valent. inter Concil. Hispan. tom. 4. pag. 188".</ref> Maio anni 1789, ut proponerentur solutiones gubernio. Desperatam per rem, [[Ordo tertius|Ordinis tertii]] (Francice ''Tiers état'') legati [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Conventum nationalem]] (Francice ''Assemblée nationale'') constituerunt, quod [[Res novae Francicae|Rerum novarum Francicarum]] ortum indicat. [[Agricola (munus)|Agricolae]] operariique itaque gradatim ad egestatem redacti sunt, simul cives urbani [[libertas|libertatem]] rerum suarum libere gerendarum expetiverunt quasi postulaverunt. Incursus in [[Bastilia|Bastiliam]] die [[14 Iulii]] [[1789]] factus tamquam impulsus initiale fuit [[Res novae Francicae|rerum novarum Francicarum]] exarsarum interitique monarchiae Francogallicae. Ineunte Augusto 1789, [[Conventus nationalis constituens]] nobilitatis privilegia abolivit,<ref>Robinson, Iacobus (James) Harvey (1906). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Yl4AAAAAYAAJ&dq=J.H.+Robinson+(1906).+Readings+in+European+History&pg=PA435&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=August%20Decrees&f=false Readings in European History]'' (Anglice). Bostoniae: Ginn. pp. 435ff. OCLC 870461. Inspectum die 16 Ianuarii anni 2011.</ref> sicuti personalem servitutem et exclusiva venationis iura. Per[[ Declaratio iurum hominis| Declarationem iurum hominis]] (Francice ''Déclaration des droits de l'homme''), die 27 Augusti anni 1789, Francia iura fundamentalia hominibus stabilivit. Declaratio naturalia libertatem, proprietatem, securitatem et impedimentum contra oppressionem inexstinguibiliaque hominis iura aestimat. [[Libertas exprimendi]] et [[Libertas imprimendi|imprimendi]] declarata est et arbitrariae custodiae prohibitae sunt. Etiam aristocraticorum privilegiorum destructionem sollicitavit et libertatem et iurum aequalitatem omnibus hominibus non minus quam accessum ad publica munera secudum ingenium et haud secundum nativitatem nuntiavit.<ref>Fremont-Barnes, Gregorius (Gregory) (2007). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=6_2wkP4j-EsC&pg=PA190&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Revolutions and New Ideologies, 1760-1815]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Greenwood. p. 190. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.</ref> [[Imago:Prise de la Bastille.jpg|thumb|left|[[Expugnatio Bastiliae|Expugnatio]] carceris [[Bastilia|Bastiliae]] anno 1789, unus praecipuorum eventuum in [[Res novae Francica|Rebus novis Francicis]].]] Novembre anni [[1789]], [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Conventus]] omnia [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae Romanae]] bona publicare vendereque decrevit, quae erat maximus proprietarius in natione erat. Iulio anni [[1790]], [[Constitutio civilis cleri]] (Francice ''Constitution civile du clergé'') Ecclesiam Catholicam Francicam denuo ordinavit, tollenda Ecclesiae auctoritate recipendorum tributorum alias inter res.<ref>D., Popkin, Ieremias (Jeremy) (Kalendis Ianuarii anni 2010). ''[https://www.worldcat.org/title/short-history-of-the-french-revolution/oclc/780111354A short history of the French Revolution]'' (Anglice). [S.l.]: Pearson Education. ISBN 0205693571. OCLC 780111354</ref> Quae res magnam indignationem in Franciae partibus causaverunt, quod ad bellum civile finem annos postea habiturum induceret. Quamquam rex [[Ludovicus XVI]] adhuc satis favoris populi habebat, calamitosa eius [[fuga in Varennas]] (Iunio anni [[1791]]) rumores ut is suas politicae salutis spes in peregrinae invasionis ambitu firmaret probare videtur. Quamobrem, eius fides sic labefacta est, ut [[monarchia]] dissoluta et instituta [[res publica]] sensu stricto crescens possibilitas facta sint.<ref>Thompson, Iacobus Matthaeus (James Matthew) (1943), [https://web.archive.org/web/20180315003745/https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/7400914 The French Revolution] (Francice), Oxoniae.</ref> Die [[10 Augusti]] anni [[1792]], irata turba regiam regis [[Ludovicus XVI|Ludovici XVI]] periclitata est, qui ad [[Conventus nationalis legislativus|Conventum legislativum]] (Francice ''Assemblée législative'') confugit.<ref name="Shusterman">Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.</ref><ref>Censer, Iacobus (Jack) R. et Hunt, Lynna (Lynn). ''Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution'' (Anglice). in Consaepto Universitatis, in Pennsilvaniā: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2004.</ref> [[Borussia|Borussus]] exercitus in Franciam Augusto anni [[1792]] invasit. Ineunte Septembre, [[Lutetia|Parisienses]], propter [[Virodunum]] a Borusso exercitu occupatum et propter contrarevolutionarios motus Septentrionali in Francia irati, inter 1000 et 1500 captorum interfecerunt cum impetum facerent Parisienses in carceres. [[Conventus nationalis legislativus|Conventus]] et [[Commune Parisiorum (Res novae Francicae)|concilium urbis]] [[Lutetia]]e inepta continendo huic sanguinis effusioni videbantur.<ref name="Shusterman">Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.</ref><ref>Doyle, Gulielmus (William). ''The Oxford History of The French Revolution''. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press, 1989. pag. 191–192.</ref> [[Conventio nationalis (Res novae Francicae)|Conventio nationalis]] (Francice ''Convention nationale''), primis comitiis per [[suffragium universale]] masculinum<ref name="Shusterman">Noë (Noah) Shusterman – ''De Franse Revolutie'' (Batavice). Veen Media, Amstelodami, anno 2015.</ref> die [[20 Septembris]] anni [[1792]] electa, Conventui legislativo successit et, die [[21 Septembris]], monarchiam abolevit, declaranda [[Prima res publica (Francia)|Prima re publica Francica]]. Quondam rex, Ludovicus XVI, de perduellione damnatus est et guillotiniana machina Ianuario anni 1793 necatus est. Francia [[Anglia]]e atque [[Res Publica Coniunctarum Provinciarum|Rei Publicae Batavae]] Novembre anni 1792 et [[Hispania]]e Martio anni 1793 bellum decrevit; vere anni 1793, [[Austria]], [[Britanniarum regnum]] et Res publica Batava in Franciam invaserunt; Francia "rem publicam sororem" in "[[Res publica Moguntina|Re publica Moguntina]]" ([[Theodisce]] ''Mainzer Republik'') creavit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140106040444/http://www.landeshauptarchiv.de/index.php?id=408 «Der 18. März 1793. Der Rheinisch-deutsche Nationalkonvent in Mainz»]. Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. Die [[18 Martii]] anni 2003. Inspectum die [[6 Aprilis]] anni 2012 (Theodisce).</ref> ===Napoleo et saeculum XIX=== {{Vide-etiam|Primum Imperium Francicum}} [[Fasciculus:Napoleon_in_1806.PNG|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo Bonapars]] et suus [[Magnus Exercitus]] (Francice ''Grande Armée'').]] [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo]] die [[9 Novembris]] [[1799]] omnium rerum in Re publica potitus est, cum Primus consul et deinde Imperator [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Primi Imperii Francici]] (inter annos 1804 et 1814/1815) factus esset. Secutis bellis ab Europaeis monarchiis contra Rem publicam gestis, Europaeorum foederum iuncturae bellum Imperio Napoleonico declaraverunt. Francici exercitus, attamen, pleramque Europam continentalem celeribus victoriis subegerunt, sicuti in proeliis [[Proelium Ienense|Ienensi]] aut in [[Pugna apud Slaucoviam|apud Slaucoviam]]. Familiae Bonapartis membra aliquibus regnis nuper ortis monarchas nominata sunt.<ref name="Blanning">Blanning, Timotheus (Tim) (Aprile anni 1998). «Napoleon and German identity» (Anglice). ''History Today''. '''48'''. Londinii.</ref> Istae victoriae ut maxima optabilia et res novae revolutionariae —talis [[mensura metrica]], Codex Napoleonicus et [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum|Charta hominis ac civis iurum]]— per totum orbem terrarum expansa essent induxerunt. Post calamitosam [[Bellum Patrium|Expeditionem Russicam]] et Europaearum monarchiarum impetum contra Francicum gubernium, Napoleo victus est et [[Gens Burbonia|monarchia Burbonica]] [[Restauratio (Francia)|restaurata est]]. Propemodum millio Francicorum per Bella Napoleonica interfecti sunt.<ref name="Blanning">Blanning, Timotheus (Tim) (Aprile anni 1998). «Napoleon and German identity» (Anglice). ''History Today''. '''48'''. Londinii.</ref><ref>Franciscus (Frank) W. Thackeray (1996). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=W0ktX_xI1fYC&pg=PA6&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Events that Changed the World in the Nineteenth Century]'' (Anglice). [S.l.: s.n.] p. 6. ISBN 9780313290763. Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.</ref> [[Centum Napoleonis dies|Brevem post domitionem ex exsilio]], Napoleo denique victus est die [[18 Iunii]] [[1815]] in [[Proelium Waterlooense|Proelio Waterlooënsi]]. Quo anno, in Europa in [[Consilium Vindobonense|Consilio Vindobonense]] ordo gentium ac populorum restitutus est. Verum monarchia Francica reimposita est. [[Ludovicus XVIII]] [[Gens Burbonia|Burbonicus]] rex Franciae creatus est, constitutionalibus cum limitationibus. Eruptis tumultis [[Res novae Iuliae (1830)|Rerum novarum mensis Iulii]] anni [[1830]], [[Gens Burbonia]] demum potestate amota est, quod [[Monarchia Iulii|Monarchiam Iulii]] peperit, quae duravit usque ad [[1848]], cum [[Secunda res Publica Francica]] proclamata est, in ambitu [[Res novae anni 1848|Rerum novarum anni 1848]]. Servitudinis et [[suffragii universalis]] masculini abolitio, promulgata breviter per Res novas Francicas, denuo promulgata est anno 1848.<ref>[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/The-Napoleonic-era «The Napoleonic Era»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Imperium coloniale Francicum.png|thumb|left|400px|Anachronica tabula territoriorum quae aliquando Imperii colonialis Francici pars fuerunt.]] Anno [[1852]], [[Index praesidum rei publicae Francicae|praeses Rei publicae Francicae]] [[Napoleo III (imperator Franciae)|Napoleo III Bonaparte]], [[Napoleo I (imperator Franciae)|Napoleonis I]] adelphideos<ref>Confer vocabulum Graecum ἀδελφιδέος apud [http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/morph?l=a%29delfide%2Fos&la=greek&can=a%29delfide%2Fos0&d=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=a)delfide/os&i=1 Perseus].</ref>, [[Secundum Imperium Francicum|Secundi Imperii Francici]] imperator Napoleo III proclamatus est. Qui interventus peregre multiplicavit, praesertim in [[Bellum Crimaeanum|Crimaea]], in [[Secunda Interventio Francica in Mexico|Mexico]] et in [[Bellum alterum de libertate Italiae|Italia]], quod induxit in [[Ducatus Sabaudiae|Ducatum Sabaudiae]] et [[Comitatus Nicaeensis|Comitatum Nicaeënsem]]—tunc [[Regnum Sardiniae|Regni Sardiniae]] partem— ad Franciam adiunctos. Napoleo III amotus est post cladem in [[Bellum Germano-Francicum|Bello Germano-Francico]] anno [[1870]] et eius regimen substitutum est pro [[Tertia Res Publica (Francia)|Tertia Re Publica]].<ref> [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/biography/Napoleon-III-emperor-of-France «Napoleon III»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018,</ref> Eo fere tempore, in [[Europa]] duae factiones contrariae ortae sunt: ad unam partem, [[Foedus triplex]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Dreibund'', [[Hungarice]] ''Hármas szövetség'' et [[Italice]] ''Triplice alleanza'') —anno [[1879]] [[imperium Germanicum]] atque [[imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] se foedere iunxerunt; mense Maio 1882 [[Italia]] quoque pars eius facta est)—; ad alteram partem, [[Confoederatio triplex]] ([[Francice]] ''Triple-Entente'', [[Anglice]] ''Triple Entente'' et [[Russice]] Тройственная Антанта) —quae ex Francogallia, [[Regnum Unitum|Regnis Unitis]] atque [[Imperium Russicum|Imperio Russo]] constitit—, vigens inter annos [[1894]] et [[1907]]. Francia terras subactas [[Colonialismus|coloniales]] aliis modis habebat ex ineunte [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVII]]; sed, saeculis [[saeculum 19|XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|XX]], eius [[Imperium coloniale Francicum|imperium coloniale universum transmarinum]] plurimum patebat et factum est secundum maximum imperium, solum post [[Imperium Britannicum]]. Inclusa [[Francia metropolitana]], tota area penes Francogalliae paene tredecim [[millio]]nes [[chiliometrum quadratum|chiliometrorum quadratorum]] inter decennia [[Anni 1920|1920]] et [[Anni 1930|1930]] sive 8,6% areae [[Tellus (planeta)|totius orbis terrarum]] attigit.<ref>Robertus (Robert) Aldrich, ''Greater France: A History of French Overseas Expansion'' (1996) (Anglice).</ref> Nuncupata [[Pulchra Epocha]] (Francice ''Belle Époque''), saeculi commutatio periodus [[optimismus|optimismo]], regionali [[pax|pace]], oeconomica prosperitate ettechnologicis, scientificis culturalibusque innovationibus picta fuit. Anno [[1905]], publicus [[saecularismus]] officialiter constitutus est.<ref>[http://www.angelsmyth.com/belle_epoque.html «La Belle Époque»] (Anglice). Inspectum die 15 Ianuarii anni 2017.</ref> ===Saecula XX et XXI=== [[Fasciculus:El 114 de infantería, en París, el 14 de julio de 1917, León Gimpel.jpg|thumb|Francici [[pedites]] in [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] (colloquialiter nuncupati Francice ''poilus'', scilicet "hirsuti") maximum necum numerum inter Alligatos seu Foederatos in [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]].]] [[Fasciculus:Adolf Hitler, Eiffel Tower, Paris 23 June 1940.jpg|thumb|[[Adolfus Hitler]] et sui generales cum [[Turris Eiffeliana|Turri Eiffeliana]] in ima post [[Proelium Franciae]], per [[Secundum bellum mundanum]].]] Francia membrum [[Confoederatio triplex|Confoederationis triplicis]] (Francice Triple-Entente, Anglice Triple Entente et Russice Тройственная Антанта) —quae ex eadem, Regnis Unitis atque Imperio Russo consistebat— erat cum [[Primum bellum mundanum]] (inter [[1914]] et [[1918]]) exarsit. Parva septentrionalis Franciae pars occupata erat, sed denique Francia et suae [[Civitates foederatae Primi belli mundani|civitates foederatae]] victoriam adeptae sunt contra [[Imperia centralia]], ingente cum humana materialique aerumna. [[Primum bellum mundanum]] 1,4 milliones Francicorum militum interfectorum sive 4% omnium incolarum reliquit.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7199127.stm «France's oldest WWI veteran dies»] (Anglice). Londinii: [[BBC News]], die [[20 Ianuarii]] anni 2008.</ref> Inter 27% et 30% conscriptorum militum e [[1912]] ad [[1915]] interfecti sunt.<ref>Spencer C. Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts (2005). ''[https://books.google.es/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&pg=PR25&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "Encyclopedia Of World War I: A Political, Social, And Military History]'' (Anglice). ABC-CLIO. ISBN 1-85109-420-2.</ref> [[Interbellum|Interbelli]] anni vehementibus internationalibus discordiis et socialium reformationum —de feriis laboralibus, diebus negotiosis horarum octo, feminis in gubernio, etc...— serie a gubernio [[Frons popularis (Francica)|Frontis popularis]] (Francice ''Front populaire'') introducta depicti sunt.<ref>Hadrianus (Adrian) Rossiter, "Popular Front economic policy and the Matignon negotiations" (Anglice). ''Historical Journal'' 30#3 (1987): 663-684.</ref> Anno [[1940]], per [[Secundum bellum mundanum]], Francia a [[Germania nazistica]] occupata est, quamquam [[Linea Maginot]] inter annos 1930–1940 exstructa erat ad evitandam ipsam occupationem. Exercitus Germanici die [[10 Maii]] [[1940]] terras ad occidentem Germaniae celeriter occupaverunt. Iam mense Iunio [[Lutetia]]m asecuti sunt. Die [[22 Iunii]] [[1940]], [[rectio|respublica]] Francica assentiri coacta est. Quamobrem Francia metropolitana divisa est in partes duas: zonam occupationis Germanicae ad aquilonem conversam et [[Regimen Viciacense|Franciam Viciacensem]], despoticum regimen nuper creatum in meridie et [[nazismus|nazisiticorum]] [[civitas neurospastica]]; dum [[Francia libera]] in exsilio recta et a [[Carolus de Gaulle|Carolo de Gaulle]] ducta, creata est [[Londinium|Londinii]].<ref>''[https://books.google.es/books?id=Q7ORlIpHKLEC&pg=PA368&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false "Vichy France and the Jews]''" (Anglice). Michaël Robertus (Michael Robert) Marrus, Robertus (Robert) O. Paxton (1995). Stanford University Press. p. 368.ISBN 0-8047-2499-7.</ref> E [[1942]] ad [[1944]], propemodum 160 milia Francicorum civium —inclusis propemodum 75 millionibus [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]]—<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20140416061232/http://www.holocaust-education.dk/holocaust/deportationer.asp «The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies»] (Anglice).</ref><ref>[«BBC, The Vichy Policy on Jewish Deportation»]. Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018. </ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141206075910/http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005429 France, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum] (Anglice). Inspectum die [[16 Octobris]] anni 2014.</ref> in [[campus exterminatorius|campos exterminatorios]] et [[castra carceralia]] [[Germania]]e et [[Polonia]]e occupatae deportati sunt.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141109055804/http://www.ain.fr/upload/docs/application/pdf/2011-05/dp_expo_schwartz_auf_weiss_nantua_2011bd.pdf Noir sur Blanc: Les premières photos du camp de concentration de Buchenwald après la libération] (PDF) (Francice). Inspectum [[14 Octobris|pridie Idus Octobres]] anni 2014.</ref> Die [[6 Iunii]] anni [[1944]], [[civitates foederatae Secundi belli mundani|Foederati seu Alligati]] in [[Normannia]]m [[Operatio Overlord|invaserunt]] et, in Augusto, [[Operatio Draco|invaserunt]] in [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciam]]. Insequenti anno, Alligati seu Foederati et [[Repugnatio Francica]] [[Potestates Axis|Potestates axis]] vicerunt et, [[Lutetia]] a Germanis recuperata, et [[suverenitas]] Francica restaurata est, constituta [[Administratio temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae|Administratione temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae]] (Francicis [[sigla|siglis]] ''GPRF'').<ref>[[Enciclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/France-since-1940 «France since 1940»] (Anglice). Inspectum [[14 Martii|pridie Idus Martias]] anni 2018.</ref> [[Administratio temporanea Rei Publicae Francicae|Haec administratio]] fundamenta novo constitutionali ordini statuit qui [[Quarta Res Publica (Francia)|Quarta Rem Publicam Francicam]] peperit. Quae mirum florem oeconomicum —Francice ''les Trente Glorieuses'' nuncupatum— passa est. Francia una fuit apud civitates [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] anno [[1949]] condentes. Coloniae Francicae post annum [[1945]] uno corde libertatem expetiverunt. Francia dominatum [[Indosina Francica|Indosinae]] recuperare conata est, sed a [[Consociatio pro libertate (Vietnamia)|Consociatione pro libertate]]<ref>Vide articulum [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/historia/dien/index.php "DIEN BIEN PHU" apud ''Ephemeride Archivo''], ubi dicitur "Hic anno 1930 factionem communistarum Indosinensium constituerat et anno 1941 quandam 'consociationem pro libertate' sive 'Vietminh'.".</ref> ([[Vietnamice]] ''Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội'' seu breviter ''Việt Minh'') anno [[1954]] in [[Proelium Dienbienphuense|Proelio Dienbienphuensi]]<ref>Vide articulum [http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2004/historia/dien/index.php "DIEN BIEN PHU" apud ''Ephemeride Archivo''], ubi dicitur "planitiem 'Dienbienphuensem".</ref> victa est. Solum aliquibus post mensibus, Francia alio [[antiimperialismus|anticoloniali]] conflictū obviam fuit in [[Algerium|Algerio]], tunc amplius millionis [[Pieds-Noirs|colonorum Europaeorum]] domo,<ref>Kimmelman, Michael (die [[4 Martii]] anni [[2009]]). [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/05/arts/design/05abroad.html?_r=1 «In France, a War of Memories Over Memories of War»] (Anglice). ''[[The New York Times]]''.</ref> qui nationem divisit et paene eam in [[subitanea rerum conversio|subitaneam rerum conversionem]] et in [[bellum civile]] induxit.<ref>Crozier, Brianus (Brian); Mansell, Gerardus (Gerard) (Iulio anni 1960). «France and Algeria» (Anglice). Blackwell Publishing. ''[[International Affairs]]''. '''36''' (3): 310. JSTOR 2610008. doi:10.2307/2610008</ref> Anno [[1956]] [[Marocum]] et [[Tunisia]] se liberas res publicas esse declaraverunt. Anno [[1958]], debilis instabilisque Quarta Res Publica [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintam Rem Publicam]] peperit, quae roboratum Praesidiatum inclusit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523234726/http://seacoast.sunderland.ac.uk/~os0tmc/contem/fifth.htm «From Fourth to Fifth Republic»] (Anglice). Universitas Sunderlandensis.</ref> Finito bello independentiae (inter annos 1954 et 1962 durante), [[Algeria]] se oppressione Francogallica liberavit. Carolus de Gaulle praeses [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintae Rei Publicae]] ex anno [[1958]] usque mensem Aprilem [[1969]] mansit. De Gaulle eo tempore rei publicae profuit eique prudenter praesidebat: veterem gloriam Francogalliae atque statum eius imperii mundani restituere in animo habuit; quare rem publicam suam [[bomba atomica|bombis atomicis]] instruxit. Interfuit eius etiam reconciliatio cum Germanis, quo ex motu demum [[Unio Europaea]] orta est. [[Fasciculus:European Parliament Strasbourg Hemicycle - Diliff.jpg|thumb|left|[[Parlamentum Europaeum|Parlamenti Europaei]] sedes [[Argentoratum|Argentorati]].]] Francia una evolutissimas apud oeconomias in toto orbis terrarum mansit, sed aliquot oeconomicis crisibus occurrit, quae magnis [[Inopia quaestus|inopiae quaestus]] indicibus et [[debitum publicum|debiti publici]] incrementum attulerunt. Exeunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] et ineunte [[saeculum 21|saeculo XXI]], Francogallia [[supranationalismus|supranationalis]] [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] evolutionem praecurrit cum [[Foedus Traiecti Mosae ictum]], Unionem Europaeam creaturum, anno [[1992]] obsignavisset et [[Euro|Euronis terram]] anno [[1999]] constituisset et [[Foedus Olisipone ictum]] anno [[2007]] obsignavisset.<ref>«Declaration by the Franco-German Defense and Security Council» (Anglice). Elysee.fr. Inspectum die [[21 Iulii]] anni 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20051025215249/http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/anglais/speeches_and_documents/2004/declaration_by_the_franco-german_defence_and_security_council.1096.html Copia] die [[25 Otobris]] anni [[2005]] in [[Wayback Machine]] servata.</ref> Natio quoque in [[Consociatio ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali|Consociationem ex pacto Atlantico Septentrionali]] gradatim redintegrata est et, ex illo tempore, pleraque bella participavit quibus haec consociatio favit.<ref>[https://archive.today/20140811164800/http://www.rpfrance-otan.org/France-and-NATO «France and NATO»] (Anglice). ''La France à l'Otan''.</ref> Ex impetibus contra [[Ferrivia metropolitana Parisiensis|ferriviam metropolinam]] [[Lutetia|Parisiensem]] anno [[1995]] factis, Francia a [[tromocratia islamica|globis tromocraticis islamicis]] sporadice impugnata est, praesertim praestant impetus factus contra diarium ''[[Charlie hebdo]]'' Ianuario anni [[2015]], qui maximas tumultuationes per vias (cum 4,4 millionibus hominum) attulit,<ref>Hinnant, Lori; Adamson, Thomas (die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]]). [https://web.archive.org/web/20150111213526/http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/E/EU_FRANCE_ATTACKS_RALLY?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2015-01-11-12-51-46 «Officials: Paris Unity Rally Largest in French History»]. ''Associated Press''. Inspectum die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]].</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-30765824 «Paris attacks: Millions rally for unity in France»]. ''BBC News'', die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[11 Ianuarii]] anni [[2015]].</ref> et [[Impetus Lutetiae Novembri 2015 facti|impetus Lutetiae Novembri anni 2015 facti]], qui 130 mortes attulerunt. Qui mortiferrimi impetus Francico in territorio e [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundo bello mundano]]<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/nov/14/paris-attacks-people-throw-open-doors-to-help «Parisians throw open doors in wake of attacks, but Muslims fear repercussions»] (Anglice). ''[[The Guardian]]'. Die [[14 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.</ref><ref>Syeed, Nafeesa (die [[15 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]). [https://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/paris-terror-attacks/paris-terror-attacks-yes-parisians-are-traumatised-but-the-spirit-of-resistance-still-lingers-34201891.html «Yes, Parisians are traumatised, but the spirit of resistance still lingers»] (Anglice). ''The Irish Independent''. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.</ref> et mortiferrimi in Unione Europaea ex [[Impetus Matriti die 11 Martii 2004 facti|impetibus Matriti die 11 Martii 2004 factis]]<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/europe-s-open-border-policy-may-become-latest-victim-of-terrorism-1.2435486 «Europe's open-border policy may become latest victim of terrorism»] (Anglice). ''The Irish Times''. Die [[19 Novembris]] anni [[2015]]. Inspectum die [[19 Novembris]] anni 2015.</ref> fuerunt. == Geographia physica == [[Imago:Satellite image of France in August 2002.jpg|thumb|300px|Satellitalis imago [[Francia metropolitana|Franciae metropolitanae]].]] [[Imago:Chamonix valley from la Flégère,2010 07.JPG|thumb|300px|[[Campus Munitus]] cum [[Rupes Alba|Rupe Albā]] in abscedentiā, monte altissimo in [[Unio Europea|Unione Europaeā]].]] {{Vide-etiam|Corsica}} {{Vide-etiam|Martinica}} {{Vide-etiam|Guadalupia}} {{Vide-etiam|Guiana Francica}} {{Vide-etiam|Reunio}} {{Vide-etiam|Index fluminum Franciae}} Francia hexagonalis (qui autem de [[geographia|geographiā]] [[Corsica]]e, [[Martinica]]e, [[Guadalupia]]e, [[Guiana Francica|Guianae Francicae]], [[Reunio]]nis, regionumque aliarum longinquarum legere velit sub illis lemmatibus quaerat), chiliometra quadrata fere 547&nbsp;030 magna, est terra plerumque humilis in zona orbis terrarum temperata sita. E planitie latissimā constituitur quae a [[Baiona|Baionā]] sub [[Pyrenaeus Atlanticus|Pyrenaeis Atlanticis]] et praeter fines Hispanicos usque ad [[Argentoratum]], a [[Rhenus Inferior|Rheno inferiori]] irrigatum [[Germania]]mque observans, patet. Haec planities iugis magnis obliquis interrumpitur. Regio geologica ex amplis alveis sedimentariis ([[Alveus Parisiensis|Parisiensibus]], [[Alveus Aquitaniensis|Aquitaniensibus]]) atque veteribus [[mons|montibus]] valde erosis ([[massa Armoricana|massā Armoricanā]], [[Vosegus|Vosego]], [[Massa Media (Francia)|Massā Mediā]]) conficitur. Regio omnis lateribus euronotulis confinitur montibus excelsioribus, videlicet [[Alpes|Alpibus]] occidentalibus et [[Pyrenaei]]s. Hi super Aquitaniam eminent, illas autem a Massā Mediā [[Vallis Rhodani]] dividit. Summatim excellunt montes [[Alpes]], [[Arduenna]], [[Mons Cebenna]], [[Mons Forensis]], [[Iura (mons)|Iura]], [[Pyrenaei]] et [[Vosegus]]. [[Corsica]] iuxta litus [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterraneum]] est. Tota terrestris Franciae area, cum praefecturis et territoriis transmarinis (exceptā [[Terra Adeliae|Terrā Adeliae]]<ref>De voce ''Adeliae'' in contextu istius terrae vide speciem ''[[:species:Pygoscelis adeliae|Pygoscelis adeliae]]''.</ref>) chiliometra quadrata 674&nbsp;843 est, 0,45% totius areae [[Tellus (planeta)|terrestris]]. Nihilominus Francia secundam maiorem [[Zona oeconomica exclusiva|zonam oeconomicam exclusivam]] in toto orbe terrarum possidet,<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110430124908/http://www.developpementdurable.com/economie/2010/07/A2769/mediterranee-la-france-prend-le-controle-en-creant-une-zone-economique-exclusive.html Méditerranée: la France prend le contrôle en créant une zone économique exclusive] (Francice).</ref> quae chiliometra quadrata 11,035 milliones, 8% superficiei totius omnium zonarum in toto orbe terrarum, comprehendit et solum superatur a [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] (chiliometra quadrata 11&nbsp;351&nbsp;000) et zonam [[Australia]]e (chiliometra quadrata 8&nbsp;232&nbsp;000) superat. E finibus Franciae boreo-orientalibus, oportet inter fluvios imprimis enumerare [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] qui ex Alpibus [[Helvetia]]e oriens et ad boream versus regiones Francicas [[Alsatia]]m et [[Lotharingia]]m a [[Badenia-Virtembergia|Badeniā-Virtembergiā]] [[Germania]]e dividit, unde per Germaniam boreo-occidentalem et [[Nederlandia]]m in [[mare Germanicum]] effunditur. Tributarium habet [[Mosella]]m, cuius fons in monte Vosego reperitur. [[Spinalium]] pagosque Lotharingiae alluit et mox in fines Germaniae pergens cum Rheno iungitur ad urbem quae de hac re nomen [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] habet. Inde ad occidentem versus flumina duo e Franciā orta per [[Belgia]]m et [[Nederlandia]]m in mare Germanicum seriatim effluunt, videlicet [[Mosa]] quae [[Sedan (Arduenna)|villam Sedensem]] alluit, [[Scaldis]] quae [[Cameracum]] [[Valencenae|Valencenasque]], duo insuper litora [[Flandria|Flandrica]] attingentes, [[Isera]] apud [[Castellum Menapiorum]] orta, [[Agnio]] apud fanum [[Sanctus Audomarus|S. Audomari]]. Huius ostium est in litore Flandrico Francico, illius autem in litore Flandrico Belgico. [[Flumen|Fluminum]] quae [[litus|litora]] Francica attingunt et in [[Oceanus Britannicus|Oceanum Britannicum]] effluunt [[Quantia]] et [[Alteia]] borealissima sunt, sed et modestiora; quibus succedit [[Samara flumen|Samara]], [[Picardia]]e flumen maximum, ad cuius ripas stant fanum [[Sanctus Quintinus in Viromandia|Sancti Quintini in Viromandia]], [[Ambianum]] (olim Samarobriva, quod nomen Gallice "pons Samarae" significat) et [[Abbatis Villa]]. Per [[Normannia Superior|Normanniam superiorem]] defluunt [[Brisella]] et [[Arcae (flumen)|Arcae]] flumen [[Manica]]mque attingunt, haec prope urbem [[Deppae|Deppas]], illa iuxta [[Ulterior Portus|Ultrisportum]]. Mox flumen multo longius nomine [[Sequana]] (prope [[Divio]]nem ortum) litora [[septentrio]]nalia inter [[Honnefluctus|Honnefluctum]] et [[Franciscopolis|Franciscopolim]] attingit, urbibus [[Barium ad Sequanam|Bario]], [[Novigentum ad Sequanam|Novigento]], [[Lutetia|Lutetiā]], [[Surisna|Surisnā]], [[Burgivallis|Burgivalle]], [[Medanta|Medantā]]. [[Rothomagus|Rothomago]] lotis, tributariis [[Axona|Axonā]], [[Matrona|Matronā]], [[Esia|Esiā]] vel Isarā, [[Ebura (flumen Franciae)|Eburā]], [[Icauna|Icaunā]] receptis. Denuo inter flumina minora per [[Normannia Inferior|Normanniam Inferiorem]] in Manicam defluentes [[Olina]]m nominare oportet, fluvium [[Sagii|Sagiorum]] et [[Cadomum|Cadomi]]. Litora [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceani Atlantici]] attingunt flumina [[Britannia Minor|Britanniae Minoris]] [[Alaunus (flumen Franciae)|Alaunus]] et [[Blavetum]], illa per aestuarium [[Brestia]]e, hae iuxta urbem [[Oriens (Mariculum)|Orientem]], et insuper [[Vicinonia]] quae urbem [[Condate Redonum|Redonum]] tangit. Longissima apud [[index fluminum Franciae|flumina]] viginti in Franciā excellunt [[Liger]], [[Sequana]], [[Rhodanus]], [[Garunna]], [[Maroni]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Matrona]], [[Mosa]], [[Oltis]], [[Duranius]], [[Arar]], [[Dubis (flumen)|Dubis]], [[Mana (flumen)|Mana]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Elaver]], [[Carantonus]], [[Tarnis]], [[Vigenna (flumen)|Vigenna]], [[Wiapoco]] (in [[Guiana Francica|Guianā Francicā]]), [[Carus (fluvius)|Carus]], [[Axona]] et [[Druentia]]. ===Clima=== [[Fasciculus:France climats carte 2010.png|thumb|[[Francia metropolitana|Franciae metropolitanae]] climatum tabula (Francice) sine [[Corsica|Corsicā]].]] Franciae metropolitanae [[clima]] valde afficitur [[Anticyclo Accipitrum|Anticyclone Accipitrum]] sed etiam [[Floridae flumen|Floridae Flumine]], sicuti reliqua [[Europa Occidentalis]],<ref>«Vos questions sur le climat» (Francice), in ''cnrs.fr'', die [[2 Aprilis]] anni [[2010]].</ref> regionalibus sive localibus cum variationibus satis evidentibus. Francia metropolitana aliquot climatica ponderis incommoda passa est: tempestates (tales decembris anni [[1999]] 7% arborum omnibus in silvis Francicis stratae sunt<ref name="Vincentius_Adoumie">Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)</ref>), [[dies caniculares]] (tales anni [[2003]] in Europā 15 000 mortuorum necaverunt<ref name="Vincentius_Adoumie">Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)</ref>), incendia et inundationes. [[Clima oceanicum]] strictum evidentissime ab occidente discriminari solet.<ref>[https://journals.openedition.org/cybergeo/23155 Les types de climats en France, une construction spatiale] (Francice).</ref> Quod e [[Flandria|Flandriā]] in [[Vasconia (territorium)|Vasconiam]] patet, litorali super laciniā aliquot chiliometrorum decusses amplā (cuius limes definiendo difficilis est), angustiore et a septentrione et a meridiē, sed ampliore in [[Britannia Minor|Britanniā Minore]], quae paene tota hoc climate afficitur. Clima oceanicum Aquitanum austroafricum calidiua est quia est meridionalius.<ref>[https://books.google.fr/books?id=M9MZAQAAIAAJ&q=%22oc%C3%A9anique+aquitain%22&dq=%22oc%C3%A9anique+aquitain%22&lr=&cd=9 Bulletin du Centre d’études et de recherche scientifiques, Volume 11] (Francice).</ref> Litorum septentrio-occidentalium cluma oceanicum sed frigidius climate oceanico Aquitano; ibi ventorum occidentalium vis valde maior est. Planitiei clima oceanicum degradatum, in centro septentrionali situm, aliquando "Parisiense" nuncupatur, quia circiter [[fluentum Parisiense|fluenti Parisiensis]] (Francice ''bassin parisien'') proprium est, cui clima oceanicum magis tenuiter mutatur. Clima semicontinentale a septentrione orientali et a centro orientali (in [[Alsatia (regio Franciae recentior)|Alsatiā]]; planitiebus [[Arar]]is aut medii [[Rhodanus|Rhodani]]; planitiebus [[Delphinatus Viennensis|Delphinatūs]], [[Arvernia (regio recentior)|Arverniae]] aut [[Sabaudia (praefectura Franciae)|Sabaudiae]]) vicissim subdividitur et possidet characteres adhuc mutatiores propter montanarum molium vicinitatem. Clima semicontinentale meridionale climate calido distinctum et in Vallis Rhodani planitiebus, circum [[Lugdunum]], et in planitiebus [[Pagus Forensis|Pagi Forensis]]<ref>Vide [[:fr:Forez#Toponymie|partem de toponymiā in articulo "Forez" in Vicipaediā Francicā]].</ref> (Francice ''Forez'') est. [[Limane]]<ref name="Limane">"[http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0930c.html Limaigne]" in {{Hofmannus}}</ref> seu [[Limania]]<ref name="Limane"/> (Francice ''La Limagne'' et [[Occitanice]] ''Limanha'') et regio circum [[Augustonemetum]] idem clima propter [[ventus Föhn|effectum Föhn]] geographicumque locum in [[Meridianum Franciae|mediā Franciae meridiē]] experiuntur. Clima semicontinentale orientale territorio e [[Burgundia et Liber Comitatus|Burgundiā]] usque ad [[Arduenna (praefectura Franciae)|Arduennam]] adest. Denique, [[clima alpinum]] praecipue locis superioribus in [[Alpes|Alpibus]], [[Pyrenaei montes|Pyrenaeis]], [[Montes Arvernienses|Montibus Arverniensibus]] (Francice ''Massif central''), [[Vosegus|Vosego]], [[Iura (mons)|Iurā]] et montibus [[Corsica|Corsicis]] adest. Pleraque [[Francia transmarina]] (Francice ''France d'outre-mer'') ad [[Zona tropica|climata tropica]] (magnis cum dissimilitudinibus)<ref name="Vincentius_Adoumie">Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)</ref> redigitur; quibus addenda sunt [[clima aequinoctiale]] [[Guiana Francica|Guianae Francicae]]<ref>[https://www.guyane-amazonie.fr/incroyable-guyane/geographie.html «Géographie»]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Francice), in '''tourisme-guyane.com'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).</ref>, [[clima subarcticum]] [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Insularum Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis]]<ref>«Questions courantes» (Francice), in ''st-pierre-et-miquelon.com'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).</ref> et climata [[clima oceanicum|oceanicum]] et [[clima polare|polare]]<ref>«Terres australes et antarctiques françaises»(Francice), in ''tlfq.ulaval.ca'' (inspectum die 2 Aprilis anni 2010).</ref> [[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae|Terrarum australium antarcticarumque Francicarum]]. Temperatura media in Franciā 0,1 ºC mediocriter pro decennio per [[saeculum 20|saeculum XX]] auxit.<ref name="Vincentius_Adoumie">Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)</ref> Die [[28 Iunii]], [[Veiranecae|Veiranecis]], [[thermometrum]] 46 ºC attigit, quod est maxima temperatura absoluta in Franciā metropolitanā postquam sunt tabulae.<ref>[https://www.leparisien.fr/societe/le-record-absolu-de-temperature-du-28-juin-reevalue-a-46-c-19-07-2019-8120094.php A C. D. cum AFP, die 19 Iulii anni 2019 horā 14:51, «Le record absolu de température du 28 juin réévalué à 46°C»] (Francice), in ''leparisien.fr'', die 19 Iulii anni 2019 (inspectum pridie Kalendas Octobres anni 2019).</ref> <gallery mode="packed" heights="100" style="font-size:88%;line-height:120%" caption="Clima Franciae"> Imago:Étretat, Frankreich10.jpg|Calcariae [[rupina]]e in [[Normannia|Normanniā]], prope [[Strusarda]]m. Imago:Lavender field.jpg|Virentia [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mediterranea]] ([[lavandula]]) in [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciā]]. Imago:Bellecote face nord.jpg|[[Clima alpinum]] in [[Sabaudia (discretiva)|Sabaudiā]] (aspicitur [[capra ibex|ibex]] sinistrorsum). Imago:Châtenois 040.JPG|[[Vinum Gallicum|Vineta]] [[Alsatia]]e prope [[Châtenois (Rhenus Inferior)|Villam Castinetum]]. Imago:Bora Bora.jpg|[[Bora-Bora]] in [[Polynesia Gallica|Polynesiā Gallicā]]. Imago:04 Calanche Piana.jpg|Parvi sinūs [[Piana]]e, in [[Corsica|Corsicā]]. </gallery> ===Conservatio circumiectorum=== Rei publicae administratores aliquibus e decenniis problematibus oecologicis obviam ire conantur. [[Saepta naturalia Franciae|Saeptis naturalibus]] (Francice ''réserves naturelles'') et [[Silvae publicae Franciae|silvis publicis]] (Francice ''parcs nationaux'') ex anno [[1967]] [[consaeptum naturale regionale Franciae|consaepta naturalia regionalia]] (Francice ''parcs naturels régionaux'')<ref>«Histoire» (Francice), in ''Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).</ref> additae sunt, quae naturale culturaleque patrimonium conservationem et existimationem coniungunt<ref name="Badower">Annie Badower et Augusta Cadars, ''La France, industries-services'' (Francice), Lutetiae, Dalloz, coll. «Sirey», 1994, 5e éd., 272 p. (ISBN 978-2-247-01703-4 et 2-247-01703-7)</ref> et 15% territorii Francici anno [[2018]] tegebant.<ref>«Les Parcs en chiffres» (Francice), in ''Fédération des Parcs naturels régionaux de France'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).</ref> [[Procuratio aquae (Francia)|Procurationes aquae]] (Francice ''agences de l'eau'') sex institutae sunt ad gerendas protegendasque opes aquae hac in natione.<ref>[http://www.lesagencesdeleau.fr/les-agences-de-leau/les-six-agences-de-leau-francaises/ «Les six agences de l’eau françaises|Les agences de l'eau»] (Francice), in ''www.lesagencesdeleau.fr'' (inspectum die 20 Decembris anni 2018).</ref><ref name="Vincentius_Adoumie">Vincentius (Vincent) Adoumié (dir.), Christianus (Christian) Daudel, Desiderius (Didier) Doix, Ioannes Michael (Jean-Michel) Escarras et Catharina (Catherine) Jean, ''Géographie de la France'', Lutetiae, Hachette supérieur, coll. « HU Géographie », 2007, 288 p. (ISBN 978-2-011-45772-1)</ref> [[Natura 2000|Rete Natura 2000]] [[habitatio|loca naturalia]] aut seminaturalia in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaeā]] cum magnā patrimoniali praestantiā propter [[fauna]]m et [[Flora (summatio)|floram]] excelsas quas continent congregat. Decembre anni [[2018]], rete Natura 2000 in Franciā 1779 locorum habebat, e quibus 212 loca marina sunt et quae comprehendunt: * 402 [[Zona protectionis specialis|zonarum protectionis specialis]] (ZPS) avibus; * 1377 [[Zona specialis conservationis|zonarum specialis conservationis]] (ZSC) [[habitatio]]nibus et [[Species (taxinomia)|speciebus]]. Tota superficies 200 364 chiliometrorum quadratorum lata est, 12,9% superficiei terrestri metropolitanae (sive milliones septem [[hectarea]]rum) et 33% superficiei in zonā oeconomicā exclusivā (sive 12,3 milliones hectarearum) repraesentans.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210323025254/https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/reseau-europeen-natura-2000-1 «Réseau européen Natura 2000»] (Francice), ''Ministère de la Transition écologique et solidaire'', Iulio anni 2018, (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).</ref><ref name="Natura">[https://web.archive.org/web/20210320041651/http://www.natura2000.fr/chiffres-cles «Chiffres clés|Natura 2000»] (Francice), in ''www.natura2000.fr'' (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).</ref><ref>«[http://www.charente-maritime.gouv.fr/layout/set/print/Politiques-publiques/Environnement-risques-naturels-et-technologiques/Espaces-naturels-et-biodiversite/Natura-2000-sur-terre-et-sur-mer/Le-reseau-Natura-2000]» (Francice), in ''www.charente-maritime.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 14 Novembris anni 2018).</ref><ref>[https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/dashboards/natura-2000-barometer «Natura 2000 Barometer»] [archive], in ''European Environment Agency'' (inspectum idibus Februariis anni 2019).</ref> [[Fasciculus:Carrelets sur l'estuaire de la Gironde.jpg|thumb|center|700px|[[Aestuarium]] [[Girundia]] discribitur consaeptum naturale marinum et ad [[Natura 2000|rete Natura 2000]] pertinet. Sinistra ripa ad [[consaeptum naturale regionale Meduli]]<ref>[http://www.sc.edu/ltantsoc/medu0538.htm Meduli litus].</ref> (''parc naturel régional du Médoc'') pertinet. 635 chiliometrorum quadratorum latum, vastissimum aestuarium in Europā est.<ref>[https://www.estuaire-gironde.fr/mensurations.html] (Francice).</ref>]] ==Civilitas== [[Fasciculus:Palais Bourbon Nuit.jpg|thumb|[[Regia Burbonia]] (Francice ''Palais Bourbon''), [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Coventi nationalis]] ([[Francice]] ''Assemblée nationale'') sedes.]] [[Fasciculus:Emmanuel Macron in Tallinn Digital Summit. Welcome dinner hosted by HE Donald Tusk. Handshake (36669381364) (cropped 2).jpg|thumb|left|[[Emmanuel Macron]], Praeses Rei publicae Francicae.]] Praesens [[Constitutio Francica anni 1958|Constitutio]], [[Quinta Res Publica (Francia)|Quintae Rei Publicae]], per [[referendum]] die [[28 Septembris]] anni [[1958]] probata sunt. Quā probatā, munus [[Praesides Franciae|Praesidis Rei Publicae]] auctoritatem super [[Potestas exsecutiva|potestate exsecutivā]] valde firmavit,<ref>[https://www.diariocritico.com/noticia/12138/noticias/la-quinta-republica-francesa-y-sus-presidentes.html "La Quinta República Francesa y sus Presidentes"] (Hispanice), ''Diario Crítico''. Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2017.</ref> quae a [[Primus minister|Primo Ministro]] et a [[gubernatio|Gubernio]] antea repraesentatur. Quod Praesidem verum Potestatis Exsecutivae legatum constituit quantum ad [[Parlamentum]] attinet. Secundum Constitutionem, Praeses [[suffragium|suffragio directo]] uni quinquennio (in principio tempori annorum septem) eligitur. Praesidis arbitrium constantem usum et Rei Publicae procuratorum aequabilitatem confirmat. Praeses [[primus minister|Primum Ministrum]] designat, qui Ministrorum Consilium praesidet, [[copiae militares|copias militares]] ducit et foedera paciscitur. Ministrorum Consilium a Praeside nominatur, Primo Ministro proponente. Hoc gubernii genus [[res publica semipraesidentialis]] nuncupatur. [[Conventus civitatis Francicae|Coventus nationalis]] ([[Francice]] ''Assemblée nationale'') praecipuum legisferum corpus. Cuius [[Legatus parlamentaris|deputati]] 577 uni quinquennio directe eliguntur et omnia subsellia suffragio singulis comitiis eliguntur. Altera camera [[Senatus (Francia)|Senatus]] ([[Francice]] ''Sénat'') est, cuius senatores 321 comitiali a collegio (per suffragium indirectum) eliguntur et suum munus novem annos servant. Tertia Senatūs pars in annos tres renovatur. Legisferae Senatūs potestates limitatae sunt et Conventus nationalis decretorium iudicium facit si accidit disceptatio ambas inter cameras. Gubernium maxime parlamentarios apud diurnos actūs valet. Praeterea, est [[Consilium constitutionale]] (Francice ''Conseil constitutionnel''),<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20170715221443/http://www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr/conseil-constitutionnel/espanol/consejo-constitucional/presentacion-general/presentacion-general.25785.html "Consejo constitucional"] (Hispanice). Consilium constitutionale. Servatum ex originali Idibus Iuliis anni 2017. Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2017.</ref> membra novem habens, quod legum constitutionalitatem observat et de contentionibus decernit. Francici cives omnes homines annos duodeviginti aut amplius nati sunt. ===Politica externa=== [[Fasciculus:Diplomatic missions of France.PNG|thumb|left|400px|Francicae repraesentationes in toto orbe terrarum. [[Viridis|Viride]] Francia; [[Caeruleus|caeruleo]] nationes ubi Francia [[ambasciata]]s habet; [[Canus|cano]] alia territoria.]] Abusque [[Generalis|Generali]] [[Carolus de Gaulle|Carolo de Gaulle]] praeside (inter annos 1958 et 1969), Francica politica externa independentiae voluntate, praesertim a Civitatibus Foederatarum, depingitur;<ref name="Lasserre">Isabella (Isabelle) Lasserre (die 10 Martii anni 2009). [https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/2009/03/11/01003-20090311ARTFIG00073-quand-mitterrand-deja-negociait-le-retour-dans-l-otan-.php "Quand Mitterrand, déjà, négociait le retour dans l’Otan"]. ''lefigaro.fr'' (Francice). Inspectum die 10 Martii anni 2009.</ref> quamobrem, Francia [[arma nuclearia]] evolvit et e manipulis integratis de [[CFAS]] inter annos 1966 et 2009 decessit.<ref name="Lasserre"/> Francicarum [[ambasciata]]rum rete tertium maximum in toto orbe terrarum est, cum ambasciatis 156 et consulis sedibus 97 per [[continens|continentes]] quinque.<ref>Ministerium rerum externarum. [https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/fr/le-ministere-et-son-reseau/annuaires-du-ministere-de-l-europe-et-des-affaires-etrangeres/ambassades-et-consulats-francais-a-l-etranger/#sommaire_3 "Ambassades et consulats"]. ''diplomatie.gouv.fr'' (Francice). Inspectum pridie Kalendas Martias anni 2010.</ref> Francia [[civitas ad progressionem nitens|civitates ad progressionem nitentes]] praecipue [[Africa]]s, adiuvat. Officiale auxilium pro progressione 0,36% [[productus nationalis generalis|productūs nationalis generalis]] Francici anno 2014 repraesentabat, qui minor quam [[Britanniarum regnum|Britannicus]] aut [[Germania|Germanicus]] est.<ref>[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://www.oecd.org/fr/developpement/stats/documentupload/ODA%202014%20Technical%20Note%20FR.pdf "Synthèse de l'aide publique au développement en avril 2015"] (PDF Francice). ''oecd.org''. Inspectum die 24 Decembris anni 2015.</ref> ===Iura humana=== [[Fasciculus:Declaration of Human Rights.jpg|thumb|Res publica Francica in [[Charta Hominis ac Civis Iurum|Declaratione iurum hominis et civis]] anni [[1789]] fundata est.]] Respectū [[Iura humana|iurum humanorum]] et consociationis cum corporibus [[Charta internationalis iurum humanorum|Chartae internationalis iurum humanorum]], quae [[Commissum Iurum Humanorum Consociationis Nationum|Commissum Iurum Humanorum]] includunt, Francia [[Pactio internationalis de iuribus oeconomicis, socialibus et culturalibus|Pactionem internationalem de iuribus oeconomicis, socialibus et culturalibus]]; [[Pactio internationalis de iuribus civilibus et politicis|Pactionem internationalem de iuribus civilibus et politicis]]; [[Conventio internationalis de abroganda omniformi discriminatione rassistica|Conventionem internationalem de abrogandā omniformi discriminatione rassisticā]]; [[Conventio de abroganda omnis generis discriminatione mulierum|Conventionem de abrogandā omnis generis discriminatione mulierum]]; [[Conventio contra Torturam, alteram Atrocem, Inhumanam seu Humiliantem Tractationem seu Poenam|Conventionem contra torturam, alteram atrocem, inhumanam seu humiliantem tractationem seu poenam]]; et [[Conventio de Iuribus Impuberum|Conventionem de iuribus impuberum]] obsignavit et sanxit. Alterā ex parte, [[Pactio de iuribus hominum invalidorum|Pactionem de iuribus hominum invalidorum]] solum obsignavit sed non sanxit, dum Francia de [[Conventio internationalis de protegendis hominibus omnibus a decessione coacticia|Conventione internationali de protegendis hominibus omnibus a decessione coacticiā]] non refert et [[Pactio internationalis de omnium peregrinorum operariorum eorumque familiarium iuribus protegendis|Pactionem internationalem de omnium peregrinorum operariorum eorumque familiarium iuribus protegendis]] nec obsignavit nec sanxit.<ref>[[Curator supremus Nationum Unitarum iuribus humanis tuendis]]. [http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/newhvstatusbycountry?OpenView&Start=1&Count=250&Expand=87 "Status by country"] (Anglice). Servatum ex originali die 14 Augusti anni 2013.</ref> ===Vires armatae=== [[Fasciculus:French military images.jpg|thumb|left|500px|alt=see description|Francicarum rerum militarium exempla. Dextrorsus ex apice laevo: nuclearis [[navis aëroplanigera]] [[Carolus de Gaulle (navis aëroplanigera)|Carolus de Gaulle]]; a [[aeroplanum insectatorium|aëroplanum insectatorium]] [[Dassault Rafale]]; Francici [[Venatores Alpini]] (Francice ''Chasseurs Alpins'') valles [[Afgania|Afganicae]] provinciae [[Kapisa]]e ([[Lingua Dari|Darice]] et [[Lingua Afganica|Afganice]] کاپيسا) explorantes; [[autocurrus armatus]] [[Autocurrus Leclerc|Leclerc]].]] [[Vires armatae]] Francicae seu Exercitus Francicus (Francice ''Forces armées françaises'' seu ''Armée française'') potestatem exsecutivam in [[Index praesidum rei publicae Francicae|Praeside Rei publicae Francicae]], Ducis exercituum (Francice ''Chef des Armées'') munus habente, conglobant. Nihilominus Constitutio Francica gubernium (scilicet, ministeria exsecutiva, quae haud necessarie ad Praesidis [[Factio politica|factionem politicam]] pertinent) publicis, civilibus et militaribus viribus armatis uti sinit. Ministerium Exercituum (Francice ''Ministère des Armées''), ex anno [[2017]] a [[Florentia Parly|Florentiā Parly]] gestum, pro pecuniae praestatione, opium assignatione et operationibus spondet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210224231709/https://www.defense.gouv.fr/content/download/219706/2444262/file/Chiffres%20cl%C3%A9s%20de%20la%20d%C3%A9fense%20-%202013.pdf «Les chiffres clés de la défense 2013» (PDF) (Francice). ''Defense.gouv.fr''.</ref> Vires armatae Francicae primae sunt quae nationalismum in [[Res novae Francicae|Rebus novis Francicis]] foverunt, quia nationalismus se vilior et efficacior Civitati quam copiae [[Miles mercennarius|mercennariae]] monstravit.<ref>[https://books.google.com.br/books?id=JgfA4moXzEoC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=The+idea+of+a+mass,+%E2%80%9Cvoluntary%E2%80%9D+army+was+born+out+of+the+French+Revolution.+The+new+soldiers+turned+out+to+be+cheaper+and+more+loyal+than+mercenaries,+and+they+fought+well.&source=bl&ots=yPK6sIAx9F&sig=lStp3DnlmAjcAxff4qd53Jybo0s&hl=pt-BR&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj73K_jqOvMAhVFKh4KHUY0DN4Q6AEIHTAA#v=onepage&q=The%20idea%20of%20a%20mass%2C%20%E2%80%9Cvoluntary%E2%80%9D%20army%20was%20born%20out%20of%20the%20French%20Revolution.%20The%20new%20soldiers%20turned%20out%20to%20be%20cheaper%20and%20more%20loyal%20than%20mercenaries%2C%20and%20they%20fought%20well.&f=false Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: War and National Security] (Anglice).</ref> Cum 215 000 militorum suo munere, Francia in praesenti maxima potentia militaris intra [[Unio Europaea|Unionem Europaeam]] et tertia maxima intra [[CFAS]] est. Cuius copiae in [[Asia occidentalis|Asiā occidentali]]<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/may/26/france-military-base-uae France opens military base in UAE despite Iranian concerns] (Anglice).</ref> et totā [[Africa|Africā]]<ref>[https://www.businessinsider.com/frances-military-is-all-over-africa-2015-1 France's Military Is All Over Africa] (Anglice)</ref> agunt. Vires armatae Francicae dividuntur in ramos quinque, qui sunt: * [[Exercitus terrestris (Francia)|Exercitus terrestris]] (Francice ''Armée de terre''), ubi includuntur: ** [[Venatores Alpini]] (Francice ''Chasseurs Alpins'') ** [[Legio Externa Francica|Legio externa seu extranea]] (Francice ''Légion étrangère'') ** [[Copiae classis (Francia)|Copiae classis]] (Francice ''Troupes de marine'') ** [[Classis aeria levis Exercitus terrestris|Classis aëria levis Exercitūs terrestris]] (Francice ''Aviation légère de l'Armée de terre'' seu ''ALAT'') * [[Regimentum ingeniariae Francicae]] (Francice ''Régiment du génie français''), ubi includitur: ** [[Brigada munitorum siphonariorum Parisiensis]] (Francice ''Brigade de sapeurs-pompiers de Paris'') * [[Classis nationalis (Francia)|Classis nationalis]] (Francice ''Marine nationale''), ubi includuntur: ** [[Vis maritima aeronauticae navalis|Vis maritima aëronauticae navalis]] (Francice ''Force maritime de l'aéronautique navale'') ** [[Manuballistarii classiarii]] (Francice ''Fusiliers marins'') ** [[Manus classiaria|Manūs classiariae]] (Francice ''Commandos marine'') * [[Classis aeria et sideralis|Classis aëria et sideralis]] (Francice ''Armée de l'air et de l'espace''), ubi includitur ** Defensio aëria territorialis * [[Chorophylace nationalis (Francia)|Chōrophylacē nationalis]]<ref>Confer Neograecum nomen "Εθνική Χωροφυλακή".</ref> (Francice ''Gendarmerie nationale''), [[vigil]]es militares vim exercentes sicuti vigiles publici et reali et generali contextū. ==Divisio administrativa== {{Vide-etiam|Tabula administrativa Franciae}} [[Fasciculus:Regiones Francicae.png|thumb|500px|Francicarum regionum duodeviginti [[tabula geographica]].]] Ex anno [[2016]], Francia in duodeviginti administrativas regiones (Francice ''régions'') praecipue divisa est: regiones tredecim in [[Francia metropolitana|Franciā metropolitanā]] (inclusā collectivitate territoriali [[Corsica|Corsicā]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151230075909/http://www.gouvernement.fr/action/la-reforme-territoriale "La réforme territoriale"] (Francice). Gubernium Franciae. Die 18 Decembris anni 2015. Archivatum ex originali die 30 Decembris anni 2015. Inspectum Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2016.</ref> et quinque trans maria.<ref name="Europe">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220316080837/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/france/ "Europe :: France"] (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Die 3 Ianuarii anni 2018.</ref> Regiones divisae sunt vicissim in unam et centum praefecturas (Francice ''départements''), quae praecipue litterarum ordine dispositae sunt. His numeris [[numerus cursualis|numeri cursuales]] adaequant et olim [[notaculum|notacula]] eis usa sunt. Apud unam et centum praefecturas Francogallicas, quinque —[[Guadalupia (praefectura)|Guadalupia]], [[Guiana Francica|Guiana Francica seu Gallica]], [[Martinica]], [[Reunio]], [[Maiota]]— regiones et quoque praefecturae transmarinae (Francice ''départements et régions d'outre-mer'' seu ''DROM'') sunt, quae eodem statū quam praefecturae metropolitanae fruuntur et integrales [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] partes sunt. Una et centum praefecturae in [[Circumdarium|circumdaria]] (Francice ''arrondissements'') 335 subdivisae sunt, quae vicissim in [[canto]]nes (Francogallice ''cantons'') 2054 subdivisa sunt.<ref name="Circonscriptions">[https://web.archive.org/web/20140430033500/http://www.insee.fr/fr/themes/tableau.asp?reg_id=99&ref_id=t_0203R "Circonscriptions administratives au 1er janvier 2015 : comparaisons régionales"] (Francogallice). [[INSEE]]. Archivatum ex originali pridie Kalendas Maias anni 2014. Inspectum die 5 Iulii anni 2015.</ref> Hi cantones etiam divisi sunt in [[commune|communia]] (Francice ''communes'') 36658, quae sunt [[municipium|municipia]] electo cum consilio municipali.<ref name="Circonscriptions"/> Communia tria —[[Lutetia]], [[Lugdunum]], [[Massilia]]— in [[circumdarium municipale|circumdaria municipalia]] (Francogallice ''arrondissements municipaux'') 45 subdivisa sunt. Regiones, praefecturae et communia omnia [[collectivitas territorialis|collectivitates territoriales]] (Francogallice ''collectivités territoriales'') nuncupantur; scilicet, haec conventūs locales non minus quam potestatem exsecutivam possident. Circumdaria et cantones mere administrativae divisiones sunt. Nihilominus, non semper hoc modo fuere. Usque ad annum [[1940]], circumdaria collectivitates territoriales electo cum conventū erant, sed a [[Regimen Viciacense|Regimine Viciacensi]] ad tempus amota et modo terminali a [[Quarta Res Publica (Francia)|Quartā Republicā]] anno [[1946]] abrogatae sunt. ===Territoria et collectivitates transmarina=== [[File:Terrae Rem publicam Francicam constituentes.png|thumb|500px|Terrae Rem publicam Francicam constituentes.]] Praeter regiones duodeviginti et praefecturas unam et centum, Res publica Francica [[Collectivitas Transmarina Francica|collectivitates transmarinas]] quinque —[[Polynesia Gallica|Polynesiam Gallicam]], [[Insula Sancti Bartholomaei|Sanctum Bartholomaeum]], [[Collectivitas Sancti Martini|Sanctum Martinum]], [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Sanctum Petrum et Miquelonem]], [[Uvea et Futuna|Uveam et Futunam]]—, unam sui generis collectivitatem —[[Nova Caledonia|Novam Caledoniam]]—, unum territorium transmarinum (Francogallice ''territoire d'outre-mer'' seu ''TOM'') —[[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae|Terras australes antarcticasque Francicas]]— et unam insularem possessionem in [[Oceanus Pacificus|Oceano Pacifico]] —[[Insula Clippertonensis|Insulam Clippertonensem]]— habet. Collectivitates et territoria transmarina Rei publicae Francicae, sed non [[Unio Europaea|Unioni Europaeae]] aut eius fiscali areae (excepto Sancto Bartholomaeo, qui e Guadalupiā anno 2007 secessit) intersunt. Collectivitates Pacifici Polynesiae Gallicae, Uvea et Futuna, Nova Caledonia [[francus CFP|franco CFP]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110717034857/http://www.thetahititraveler.com/touristinfo/moneycurr.asp "Currency and Exchange Rate"] (Anglice). Thetahititraveler.com. Inspectum die 21 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> (Francogallice ''franc CFP'') uti pergunt, cuius valor stricte ei [[euro]]nis conexus est. Immo vero, regiones transmarinae quinque [[Francus Francicus|franco Francico]] utebantur et nunc [[euro]]ne utuntur.<ref>[ttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2085rank.html?countryName=France&countryCode=fr&regionCode=eu&rank=7#fr "2085rank"] (Anglice).Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA.</ref> {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%;" |- ! Nomen ! Constitutionalis status ! Caput |- | [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|25px]] [[Insula Clippertonensis]]<ref>Confer binomen "Epinephelus clippertonensis".</ref> | Civitatis privata possessio penes directam auctoritatem [[Ministerium Franciae transmarinae|Gubernii Francogallici]]. ! Sine incolis |- | [[Fasciculus:Flag_of_French_Polynesia.svg|25px]] [[Polynesia Gallica]]<ref>''Just's Botanischer Jahresbericht'', vol. 34, pars 1 (Lipsiae: 1907), [https://books.google.com/books?id=2HNCAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA293&q=polynesia+gallica p. 293].</ref> | Pagus transmarinus designata (Francogallice ''pays d'outre-mer'' sive POM), statum eundem habet quam collectivitas transmarina. ! [[Papeete|Urbs Papeetensis]]<ref>Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dpape.html "Archidioecesis Papeetensis" apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].</ref> |- | [[File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg|25px]] [[Terrae australes antarcticaeque Francicae]] | Territorium transmarinum (Francice ''territoire d'outre-mer'' sive TOM) ! [[Portus Francicorum]]{{Convertimus}}<ref>Francogallice ''Port-aux-Français''.</ref> |- | [[File:Flag_of_FLNKS.svg|25px]] [[Nova Caledonia]] | Collectivitas [[Sui generis]] ! [[Numea]]<ref>Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dnoum.html "Dioecesis Numeana" apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].</ref> |- | [[File:Flag of Saint Barthélemy (local).svg|25px]] [[Insula Sancti Bartholomaei|Sanctus Bartholomaeus]]<ref>"I[nsulae] Bartholomaei ... Margaritta ... Barbuda, S. Christophori, Newis, Antiqua, Dominica, S. Luciae ... S. Vincentii" {{Google Books|iXZYAAAAcAAJ|p. 179}}</ref> | Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM'') ! [[Gustavia]] |- | [[File:Insigne Insulae Sancti Martini (Francia).svg|25px]] [[Collectivitas Sancti Martini|Sanctus Martinus]] | Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM'') ! [[Marigot (Sancti Martini)|Marigot]] |- | [[File:Flag_of_Saint-Pierre_and_Miquelon.svg|25px]] [[Insulae Sancti Petri et Miquelonensis|Sanctus Petrus et Miquelo]]<ref>Cf. {{CathHierDiocese|iles|Vicariatus Apostolicus Insularum S. Petri et Miquelonensis}}</ref> | Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM''). Adhuc ''collectivitas territorialis'' allusa. ! [[Oppidum Sancti Petri (insula Sancti Petri)|Oppidum Sancti Petri]] |- | [[File:Flag of Wallis and Futuna.svg|25px]] [[Uvea et Futuna]]<ref>Vide [https://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dwafu.html "Dioecesis Uveana et Futunensis" apud Hierarchiam Catholicam].</ref> | Collectivitas transmarina (Francice ''collectivité d'outre-mer'' sive ''COM''). Adhuc ''territorium'' allusa. ! [[Mata Utu]] |} ==Demographia== [[Fasciculus:Franciae spissitudo incolarum.png|thumb|Franciae spissitudo incolarum per [[pagus|pagum]] (Francice ''arrondissement''). Praecipua urbana territoria visibila sunt, praesertim [[Lutetia]] (in centro a Septentrione), [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]] (a Septentrione), [[Massilia]] (inter meridiem et orientem) et [[Lugdunnum]] (in centro inter meridiem et orientem).]] Aestimato cum [[numerus incolarum|numero incolarum]] 64 millionum,<ref name="People">People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Francia sita est vicesimo primo loco secundum numerum incolarum in toto orbe terrarum.<ref>Rank Order. Population (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008</ref> Territoria urbis maiore cum numero incolarum [[Lutetia]], [[Lugdunum]], [[Tolosa]], [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]], [[Burdigala]], [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]], [[Portus Namnetum]], [[Argentoratum]], [[Condate Redonum]] sunt. Francia demographicum incrementum naturale (migrationem excludens) maius passa est quam pleraeque [[Unio Europaea|Unionis Europaeae]] nationes et anno 2003 causa fuit maioris partis huius incrementi naturalis consociatas apud has nationes. Anno [[2008]], aestimata natalium index 1,273 filiorum pro feminā erat —Francia est loco secundo secundum fecunditatem in Europā, post [[Hibernia]]m—<ref>[https://www.insee.fr/fr/accueil#inter3INSEE 2006 : "La France, toujours l'un des pays les plus féconds d'Europe"] (Francice).</ref> et demographici incrementi index 0,574% erat.<ref name="People">People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Aestimatus purus [[migratio]]nis index positivus est anno [[2008]], 1,48 migratorum pro 1000 incolarum.<ref name="People">People. France (Anglice). Liber Factorum Mundanorum CIA. Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Anno [[2006]], [[INSEE|Institutum nationale statisticae et studiorum oeconomicorum seu INSEE]] 4,9 milliones immigratorum, scilicet 8% omnium incolarum, Franciam incolere aestimavit. Quia pueri immigratoribus e parentibus Francogallicā in terrā nati Francici putantur, civium peregre oriundorum numerus 6,7 milliones (secundum aestimationem anni 1999), scilicet 10% omnium Francicorum incolarum, erat. ===Ethnographia=== [[Praehistoria|Praehistoricis]] ex aevis, Francia copulatio commercii, migrationum, occupationum est. Praecipui greges ethnici quattuor in Franciā sunt: Praeceltae, [[Celtae]], [[Latini]], [[Germani (antiquitas)|Germani]] ([[Franci]], [[Visigothi]], [[Burgundiones]], [[Viccingi]]). Has "historicas" ob gentes, novi populi in Franciam e [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]] immigravere: [[Belgica|Belgae]], [[Italia|Itali]], [[Hispania|Hispani]], [[Portugallia|Lusitani]], [[Polonia|Poloni]], [[Romania|Dacoromani]], [[Graeci]], [[Iudaei]] ab [[Europa Orientalis|Europā Orientali]] et [[Barbaria (Africa)|Barbariā]], [[Arabes]] ac [[Mazaces]] a [[Barbaria (Africa)|Barbariā]], [[Nigricolores]] a Franciā et [[Seres]] apud alios. 40% incolarum Francicorum migratoriis ab his gregibus originem trahere -disparibus proportionibus- aestimantur, quod Franciam unam [[Europa]]eas apud civitates ethnice diversiores facit, non obstante usitatā stereotypiā Franciae sicuti nationis [[Gallia|Gallicae]]. Nihilominus, Europaeorum populorum integratio facilior quam haud Europaeorum populorum fuit, quod culturales obices et discrimen sociale causavit. ===Linguae=== [[Fasciculus:Langues de la France.svg|thumb|Diffusio linguarum regionum in Francia.]] [[Lingua Francogallica]] seu [[lingua Francica]] ex Francicā mediaevali progressa est, quā [[Medium Aevum|Medio Aevo]] incolae regionis hodiernae [[Insula Franciae (regio Franciae)|Insulae Franciae]] locuti sunt. Ut reges Franciae imperium protenderent, sic lingua Francogallica diffusa est. Iam anno [[1539]] [[Franciscus I (rex Franciae)|Franciscus I]] rex constituit ut lingua Francogallica sit unica regni sui lingua publica. Nihilominus, [[saeculum 18|saeculo duodevicensimo]] exeunte, tantum fere media regi subiectorum pars Francogallice locuti sunt.<ref>Haensch et Tümmers 1993:247.</ref> [[Res novae Francicae|Rebus novis Francicis]] confectis, linguae regionales publice oppugnatae sunt; anno [[1951]] demum per [[Lex Deixonne|Legem Deixonne]] (Francice ''Loi Deixonne'') ut linguae regionales docerentur concessum est.<ref>Günther et Tümmers 1993:251.</ref> Etiam his diebus, articulo altero constitutionis anni [[1958]] constitutum est ut [[lingua Francica]] sit unica publica reipublicae lingua. Non solum est lingua in Franciā passim adhibita, sed etiam instrumentum [[cultura]]e Francicae in [[tellus|toto orbe terrarum]]. Linguae regionales propter migrationes et nimiam linguae Francogallicae gravitatem (etiam in [[Media communicationis socialis|mediis commonicationis socialis]]) periclitantur. Francia [[Europaea de linguis regionalibus ac minoribus Charta|Europaeam de linguis regionalibus ac minoribus Chartam]] quidem subscripsit, pactum tamen non sanxit, quod partes chartae cum constitutione Franciae non conveniunt. Ab anno [[2008]], linguae regionales in articulo 75-1 constitutionis Franciae hereditas culturalis dicuntur.<ref>[http://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/Droit-francais/Constitution/Constitution-du-4-octobre-1958#eztoc2178_0_14_96 Litterae constitutionis (Francice) in pagina legifrance.gouv.fr].</ref> Linguae regionum in Francia sunt * Linguae Francogallicae ([[Langues d’oïl]]) in Franciā septentrionali, quae partim [[dialectos|dialecti]] [[lingua Francogallica|linguae Francogallicae]] habentur, utputa [[Lingua Picardica|Picardica]], [[Lingua Normannica|Normannica]], [[Lingua Gallonica|Gallonica]], [[lingua Pictavino-Santonica|Pictavino-Santonica]], [[lingua Vallonica|Vallonica]] et [[lingua Campanica|Campanica]] * [[Lingua Arpitanica|Arpitanica]] ((''Franco-Provençal'') in Franciā in pristinā regione [[Sabaudia|Sabaudiā]] (sed etiam in [[Italia|Italiā]] et [[Helvetia|Helvetiā]]) adhibita * [[Lingua Occitana|Occitana]] in Franciā meridianā * [[Lingua Catalana|Catalana]] in praefecturā [[Pyrenaeus Orientalis|Pyrenaeo Orientali]] * [[Lingua Alemannica|Alemannica]] in [[Alsatia|Alsatiā]] * [[Lingua Lotharingica (Theodisca)|Lotharingica (Theodisca)]] in Franciā boreoccidentali * [[Lingua Vasconica|Vasconica]] cum dialectis suis in Franciā austro-occidentali * [[Lingua Britonica|Britonica]] in [[Britannia Minor|Britanniā Minore]] * [[Lingua Corsica|Corsica]] in insulā [[Corsica|homonymā]] * [[Lingua Batava|Batava Belgica]] in Franciā septentrionali * Praeterea multae aliae linguae ab illis, qui in Franciam immigraverunt, necnon ab incolis territoriorum transmarinorum adhibentur. === Religiones === [[Fasciculus:Facade de Notre Dame de Reims.png|thumb|left|alt=Notre-Dame de Reims façade, gothic stone cathedral against blue sky|[[Ecclesia cathedralis Remensis]] cathedralis Catholica Romana est ubi [[Reges Franciae]] usque ad annum [[1825]] coronati sunt.]] Francia est res publica [[laicismus|laicistica]], id est: [[civitas]] et [[religio]]nes plane separatae sunt. Cum a magistratibus nulla de religionibus fidelibusque indicia colligantur, numeri eorum, qui singulis religionibus adhaerent, non nisi taxatione circumscribi possunt. Indicia communitatum religiosarum inter se saepe valde differunt, quare etiam numeri sequentes non nisi cautelā tractandi sunt. Secundum [[periodicum]] ''Le Monde des religions,'' 51 centesimae Francogallorum se esse [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Catholicos]], 31 centesimae nulli religioni adhaerere, fere 9 centesimae [[Musulmanus|Musulmanos]], 3 centesimae se esse [[Protestantes]] affirmant. Paene omnes ecclesiae Protestantes Franciae, quarum [[Ecclesia Reformata Franciae]] (Francice ''L’Église réformée de France'') est maxima, in [[Foederatio Protestantica Franciae|Foederatione Protestanticā Franciae]] (Francice ''Fédération protestante de France'') collaborant. Fere 1 centesima incolarum se [[Iudaei|Iudaeos]] esse confitentur. Ex his indiciis, sequitur in Francia esse 32 milliones Catholicorum, 5.7 milliones Musulmanorum, 1.9 milliones Protestantium et 600&thinsp;000 [[Iudaei|Iudaeorum]], praeterea 20 milliones hominum, qui nulli religioni adhaerent. 6% quaesitorum alia vel nihil dicunt. Catholicorum, ut ex quaestionibus concluditur, tantum parva pars re verā inter credentes numerari potest vel [[liturgia]]s frequentat, sed contra sunt etiam, qui traditionem Catholicam cum magno rigore ac diligentissime sequantur. Praeterea sunt in Franciā plus quam decies centena milia hominum, qui [[Ecclesiae Orthodoxae|Ecclesiis Orthodoxis]] aut [[Ecclesiae orthodoxae orientales|Orthodoxis Orientalibus]] adhaerent, fere 600&thinsp;000 [[Buddhismus|Buddhistarum]] necnon magnus numerus ad [[Hinduismus|Hindiusmum]] pertinentium. === Urbes === {{Vide-etiam|Index Urbium Franciae}} Francia multum urbanizata natio est et [[Index Urbium Franciae|maiores urbes]] (quoad numerum incolarum in territorio urbis anno [[2016]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190206035205/https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/3682672#tableau-Figure5 "Aires urbaines"]. ''Insee'' (Francice). Archivatum ex originali die 6 Februarii anni 2019. Inspectum Idibus Maiis anni 2019.</ref> in ordine [[Lutetia]] (cum 12 568 755 incolarum), [[Lugdunum]] (cum 2 310 850 incolarum), [[Massilia]] (cum 1 756 296 incolarum), [[Tolosa]] (cum 1 345 343 incolarum), [[Burdigala]] (cum 1 232 550 incolarum), [[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]] (cum 1 187 824 incolarum), [[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]] (cum 1 006 402 incolarum), [[Portus Namnetum]] (cum 961 521 incolarum), [[Argentoratum]] (cum 785 839 incolarum) et [[Condate Redonum]] (cum 727 357 incolarum) sunt (nota: significativa dissimilitudo inter numeros incolarum in territoriis urbis supra citatos et numeros inferiori in tabulā est, quae indicat numerum incolarum in [[commune|communibus]]). [[Exodus ruralis]] perenne politicum problema fuit fere toto [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]]. {| class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align:center; width:100%; margin-left:0px; font-size:85%" |- ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Positio ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Urbs]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|Regio]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | [[Numerus incolarum|Incolae]] ! align=center style="background:#B9D5E4;" | Photographema |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 1 ||align=left | '''[[Lutetia]]''' || [[Insula Franciae (regio hodierna)|Insula Franciae]] || 2 190 327 || [[Fasciculus:La_Tour_Eiffel_vue_de_la_Tour_Saint-Jacques,_Paris_août_2014_(2).jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 2 ||align=left | '''[[Massilia]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 862 211 || [[Fasciculus:Marseille_20160813_20.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 3 ||align=left | '''[[Lugdunum]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 515 695 || [[Fasciculus:Lyon_cityscape_from_Notre-Dame_de_Fourvière_-_from_Flickr.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 4 ||align=left | '''[[Tolosa]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 475 438 || [[Fasciculus:Vue_de_Toulouse_2007.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 5 ||align=left | '''[[Nicaea (Francia)|Nicaea]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 342 637 || [[Fasciculus:Une_plage_à_Nice.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 6 ||align=left | '''[[Portus Namnetum]]''' || [[Pagi Ligeris]] || 306 694 || [[Fasciculus:Ile_de_Nantes.JPG|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 7 ||align=left | '''[[Monspessulanus]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 281 613 || [[Fasciculus:Montpellier(France)1.JL.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 8 ||align=left | '''[[Argentoratum]]''' || [[Magnus Oriens]] || 279 284 || [[Fasciculus:Absolute_Pl_marche_aux_cochons_01.JPG|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 9 ||align=left | '''[[Burdigala]]''' || [[Nova Aquitania]] || 252 040 || [[Fasciculus:Bordeaux Place de la Bourse de nuit.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 10 ||align=left | '''[[Insulae (urbs Franciae)|Insulae]]''' || [[Alta Franciae]] || 232 440 || [[Fasciculus:Lille_bourse_profil.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 11 ||align=left | '''[[Condate Redonum]]''' || [[Britannia Minor (regio recentior)|Britannia Minor]] || 216 268 || [[Fasciculus:Rennes_Opéra.JPG|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 12 ||align=left | '''[[Durocortorum]]''' || [[Magnus Oriens]] || 183 113 || [[Fasciculus:Subé_Fountain,_Reims,_France.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 13 ||align=left | '''[[Sanctus Stephanus de Furano]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 171 924 || [[Fasciculus:Tram_st_etienne_place_fourneyron.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 14 ||align=left | '''[[Franciscopolis (Francia)|Franciscopolis]]''' || [[Normannia (regio hodierna)|Normannia]] || 170 352 || [[Fasciculus:Le_Havre_Vue_Plage_14_07_2005.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 15 ||align=left | '''[[Telo Martius]]''' || [[Provincia Alpes Litus Lazuli]] || 169 634 || [[Fasciculus:Gare_de_Toulon.JPG|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 16 ||align=left | '''[[Gratianopolis]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 158 180 || [[Fasciculus:Grenoble_july_2009.JPG|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 17 ||align=left | '''[[Divio]]''' || [[Burgundia et Liber Comitatus]] || 155 090 || [[Fasciculus:Toits-dijonnais.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 18 ||align=left | '''[[Andecavis]]''' || [[Pagi Ligeris]] || 151 229 || [[Fasciculus:La_Maine_a_Angers.jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 19 ||align=left | '''[[Nemausus]]''' || [[Occitania (regio hodierna)|Occitania]] || 151 001 || [[Fasciculus:Nîmes,_Maison_Carrée_(1._Jhdt.n.Chr.)_(46785244294).jpg|100px]] |- | align=center style="background:#DCE9F0;" | 20 ||align=left | '''[[Villa Urbana (Lugdunensis)|Villa Urbana]]''' || [[Arvernia Rhodanus Alpes]] || 149 019 || [[Fasciculus:Place_lazare_goujon.jpg|100px]] |}{{clear}} ==Oeconomia== [[Fasciculus:La Défense depuis La Garenne-Colombes.jpg|thumb|upright=1.8|''[[La Défense]]'', [[Lutetia]]e, maxima [[regio mercatoria]] in [[Europa|Europā]].<ref>[http://ecohearth.com/eco-blogs/eco-international/835-la-defense-europes-largest-business-district-sets-a-new-standard-for-sustainable-development.html La Défense: Europe largest buisiness district Sets a New Standart for Sustainable Devloment] (Anglice) {{Wayback|url=http://ecohearth.com/eco-blogs/eco-international/835-la-defense-europes-largest-business-district-sets-a-new-standard-for-sustainable-development.html |date=20110205112759 }} - EcoHeart</ref>]] Francica oeconomia e divite modernāque oeconomiā ubi gubernii munus interventioque significativa erant in alteram plurimā cum participatione societatum privatarum et secundum [[Mercatus (oeconomia)|mercatūs]] vias fungentem transit.<ref name="Oeconomia">Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Gubernium ad privatam administrationem partim aut omnino aliquas praecipuas societates -sicuti [[Air France]], [[Renault]], [[Thales (societas)|Thales]]- transtulit, quamquam gubernium adhuc dominium in campis energiae, publicae vectationis et industriae militaris servat.<ref name="Oeconomia">Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Francia [[capitalismus|capitalismo]] favet, sed socialem aequalitatem per leges, stipendiarias per rationes et socialia per impensa attingere ad deminuendam redituum dissimilitudinem quaerit.<ref name="Oeconomia">Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Ut membrum [[G8|Gregis Octo Civitatum]], gregis nationum industrializatissimarum; Francica oeconomia loco octavo est in toto orbe terrarum, mensurato [[Productus domesticus generalis|productū domestico generali]] iuxta cum [[Par acquirendi potestas|par acquirendi potestate]]<ref>Rank Order of GDP PPP. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum die 24 Augusti anni 2008.</ref>, et est loco sexto nominalibus terminis.<ref>[https://www.ft.com/content/abe2ffc4-c08b-11dc-b0b7-0000779fd2ac«UK slips behind France on economy»]. ''[[Financial Times]]'' (Anglice), 11-01-2008. [Inspectum die 23 Maii anni 2008].</ref> Francia est loco quinto apud nationes bona exportantes et loco quarto apud nationes servitia in toto orbe terrarum exportantes.<ref name="Sheet">[https://www.economist.com/search?q=France France Fact Sheet]. ''[[The Economist]]'' (Anglice). (Die 8 Augusti anni 2008). Inspectum die 25 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Nihilominus, sumptūs reditūsque ratio 53 400 millionum dollariorum lacunam anno 2007 passa est.<ref name="Sheet"/> Praecipuus Francicus index bursarius [[CAC 40]] est. [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]], cuius socia Francia est, apud [[G8|Gregis octo civitatum]] nationes Franciam productivitatis (secundum [[PDG]] pro laboris horis) ordini praeesse anno 2005 retulit.<ref>[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20070123075528/http://ocde.p4.siteinternet.com/publications/doifiles/012005061G006.xls «Labour productivity 2003»] ([[Microsoft Excel]]) (Anglice), anno 2005. Archivatum ex originali die 2007-01-23. [Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2006].</ref> Verumtamen, [[PDG]] per capita Francicus 30% minor est quam [[Statunitensis]], quod [[facultas laborandi|facultatis laborandi]] centesimae rationi attribui potest; anno [[2004]], facultatis laborandi 68,8% inter 15 et 64 annos natos laborabant, adversus 80% in [[Iaponia|Iaponiā]], 78,9% in [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]], 77,2% in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatibus Foederatis Americae]] et 71% in [[Germania|Germaniā]].<ref>[[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]]. [https://www.oecd.org/employment/emp/35024561.pdf «OECD Employment Outlook 2005 - Statistical Annex»] (Formā [[PDF]]) (Anglice), anno 2005.] [Inspectum die 29 Iunii anni 2006].</ref> Anno [[2007]], gubernium reformationem laboralem inchoavit. Francicum onus tributarium apud maiora in Europā est, prope 20% PDG anno [[2005]].<ref name="Oeconomia">Economy. France. CIA - The World Factbook (Anglice). Inspectum 28 Augusti anni 2008.</ref> Cum 82 millionibus periegetarum anno [[2007]], Francia est primus locus destinatus periegeticus in toto orbe terrarum.<ref>Rectio periegeseōs. [https://web.archive.org/web/20080624195206/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf «Le tourisme international en France en 2007»] (Francice). Gubernium Franciae. Archivatum ex originali die 2008-12-28. [Inspectum Nonis Iuniis anni 2008].</ref> ==Infrastructura== ===Energia et vectura=== [[Fasciculus:Creissels_et_Viaduct_de_Millau.jpg|thumb|[[Viaeductus Aemiliaci|Viaeductus Aemiliaci]] (Francice ''Viaduc de Millau''; [[Occitanice]] ''Viaducte de Milhau''), unus apud altissimos duos in toto orbe terrarum, pars est [[autovia]]e A75-A71, e [[Lutetia|Lutetiā]] in [[Baeterrae|Baeterras]] et [[Monspessulanus|Montempessulanum]].]] [[Fasciculus:SNCF 253.JPG|thumb|[[Tramen]] [[TGV]] [[Lutetia]]e.]] Francia natio minimam [[Carbonii dioxidum|carbonii dioxidi]] quantitatem emittens evolutissimas apud civitates septem in toto orbe terrarum est, quia multa pecunia collocata est in [[Energia nuclearis|energiā nucleari]].<ref>[https://unstats.un.org/unsd/environment/air_co2_emissions.htm «CO2 emissions per capita in 2006»] (Anglice). Gasiorum thermocepicorum emissiones. ''Environmental Indicators''. Nationes Unitae. Augusto anni 2009. Inspectum die 10 Martii anni 2011.</ref> Ut effectus magnarum collocationum pecuniae in technologiā nucleari, pleraque [[electricitas]] in Franciā producta a [[Ergasterium atomicum|ergasteriis atomicis]] 59 creatur (78% anno 2006, e solum 8% anno 1973, 24% anno 1980, et 75% anno 1990).<ref>DGEMP / Observatoire de l'énergie (die 7 Decembris anno 2016). [https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/production-delectricite «La production d'électricité»] (Francice). Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.</ref> Francicum [[ferrivia]]rum rete, chiliometrorum 29 213 patens, longissimum in totā [[Europa Occidentalis|Europā Occidentali]]. A societate [[SNCF]] geritur et apud [[tramen|tramina]] perquam celeria inveniuntur [[Thalys]], [[Eurostar]] et [[TGV]], quod iter facit velocitate chiliometrorum horalium 320 usū commerciali. Eurostar, iuxta cum Diakoniā Translationis Cuniculi Freti Gallici, Franciam cum [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] per [[Cuniculus Freti Gallici|Cuniculum Freti Gallici]] conectit. Ferriviarum connexiones ad omnes vicinas nationes, [[Andorra|Andorrā]] exceptā, expanduntur. Intraurbanae connexiones quoque bene evoluta sunt, cum [[Ferrivia subterranea|ferriviae subterraneae]] et [[Currus electricus|curruum electricorum]] diakoniis diakonias [[laophorium|laophoriorum]] perficientibus. Circiter 893 300 chiliometrorum [[autovia]]rum utilium in Franciā. Regio [[Lutetia]]e denso [[via]]rum autoviarumque reti circumdatur, quod eam cum paene totā natione connectit. Francicae viae ingentem internationalem transitum etiam sustinent, connexae cum urbibus finitimorum [[Belgica]]e, [[Hispania]]e, [[Andorra]]e, [[Principatus Monoeci|Monoeci]], [[Helvetia]]e, [[Germania]]e et [[Italia]]e. non est tributum notaculi annuum; nihilominus, autoviarum quadripertitarum usus per [[portorium|portoria]] est, exceptis vicinitatibus municipiorum magnae dimensionis. Novorum [[autocinetum|autocinetorum]] mercatus domesticis insignibus regitur, sicuti [[Renault]] (27% autocinetorum in Franciā anno 2003 venditorum), [[Peugeot]] (20,1%) et [[Citroën]] (13,5%).<ref>L'automobile magazine, hors-série 2003/2004 paginā 294 (Francice).</ref> Amplius 70% autocinetorum novorum anno 2004 venditorum Diseliana [[motrum|motra]] habebant, valde plus quam habentia [[benzinum|benzini]] aut [[gasium liquefactum e petroleo|gasii liquefacti e petroleo]] motra.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081006095330/http://www.ademe.fr/particuliers/fiches/voiture/rub3.htm «Guide pratique de l' ADEME, la voiture»] (Francice). Ademe.fr. Inspectum die 22 Octobris anni 2008. Archivatum ex originali pridie Nonas Octobres anni 2008.</ref> Francia altissimum [[viaeductus|viaeductum]] in toto orbe terrarum, [[Viaeductus Aemiliaci|Viaeductum Aemiliaci]] (Francice ''Viaduc de Millau''; [[Occitanice]] ''Viaducte de Milhau''), quoque possidet et ponderis pontes, sicuti [[Pons Normanniae]] (Francice ''Pont de Normandie''), aedificavit.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20150924074119/http://www.planete-tp.com/en/IMG/pdf/3_cle67bb35-5.pdf «The Normandy bridge: The bridge in figures»] (PDF) (Anglice). Inspectum die 10 Augusti anni 2014.</ref><ref>[«Construction Facts - The Sourcebook of Statistics, Records and Resources»] (PDF) (Anglice), McGraw Hill, ''Engineering News Record'', vol. 251, No. 20a, Novembre anni 2003, inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2014.</ref> Sunt circa 478 [[aëroportus|aëroportuum]] in Franciā, inclusis [[Aërodromus|aërodromis]]. [[Aëroportus Lutetiae Carolus de Gaulle]] (Francogallice ''Aéroport de Paris-Charles-de-Gaulle''), in [[Lutetia]]e vicinitatibus situs, maximus et operosissimus aëroportus est totā in natione et plerumque popularem commercialemque transitum huius nationis sustinet et Lutetiam cum paene omnibus magnis [[urbs|urbibus]] in toto orbe terrarum connectit. [[Air France]] nationalis aëronautica societas, quamquam plurimae privatae aëronauticae domesticorum internationaliumque volatuum diakonias praebent. Sunt praecipui [[portus|portūs]] decem in Franciā, quorum maximus [[Massilia]]e est, qui etiam est maximus limes cum [[Mare Mediterraneum|Mari Mediterraneo]]. 14 932 chiliometrorum [[via aquaria|viarum aquariarum]] Franciam transeuntium, incluso [[Canalis Australis|Canali Australi]] (Francogallice ''Canal du Midi''), Mare Mediterraneum cum [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceano Atlantico]] per [[Garunna|flumen Garunnam]] connectente.<ref>Patrimonium totius mundi UNESCO. [http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/770/ «Canal du Midi»] (Anglice et Francice). whc.unesco.org. Inspectum pridie Idus Martias anni 2018.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Centrale de Cruas.jpg|center|700px|thumb|Paene 80% matricis energeticae Francicae de [[energia nuclearis|energiā nucleari]] orta est, maxima centesima ratio in toto orbe terrarum.<ref>EnerPub (die 8 Iunii anni 2007). [https://www.speroforum.com/site/article.asp?idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile&idarticle=9839&t=France%3A+Energy+profile «France: Energy profile»]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Anglice). ''Spero News''. Inspectum die 25 25 Augusti anni 2007.</ref> Hac imagine, [[ergasterium atomicum]] [[Crudatium|Crudatii]].]] ===Educatio=== [[Fasciculus:Absolute BNUS 01.JPG|thumb|Bibliotheca nationalis [[Universitas Argentinensis|Universitatis Argentinensis]], educationis superioris institutio anno [[1538]] condita.]] In Franciā, schola publica [[laicismus|laica]] gratuitaque est.<ref>[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-budget-et-les-finances-du-systeme-educatif-89252 «Le coût d'une scolarité»] (Francice).</ref> Quamquam non solum educatio et remuneratio docentium sed etiam programmata ad Civitatis officium pertinent, ludorum litterariorum et [[collegium (Francia)|collegiorum]] et [[lyceum (Francia)|lyceorum]] aedes ad [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|collectivitates territoriales]] spectant.<ref>[«Les collectivités territoriales»], in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref> Praeceptio obligatoria est pueris e sex ad sedecim annos natis. Martio anni [[2018]], praeses [[Emmanuel Macron]] se aetatem scholarizationis obligatoriam ad tres annos e regressū anni [[2019]] deminuere velle nuntiavit.<ref>[https://www.lemonde.fr/education/article/2018/03/26/macron-doit-annoncer-que-la-scolarisation-des-enfants-sera-rendue-obligatoire-a-3-ans_5276773_1473685.html «Macron veut cesser « de considérer l'école maternelle comme une option»»] (Francice), in ''lemonde.fr'' (inspectum die 29 Aprilis anni 2018).</ref> [[Educatio primaria]] phasibus duabus evolvitur: primum, [[schola materna]] (Francice ''école maternelle''), quae novissimos pueros recipit eorum initio in scholā, eorum conformationi ad socialis vitae normas, eorum initiationi fundamentalia ad instrumenta sicuti sermonem et numeros;<ref>[https://www.education.gouv.fr/l-ecole-maternelle-11534 «L'école maternelle»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref> deinde, ad sex annos natos aetatis, pueri [[schola elementaria|scholā elementariā]] (Francice ''école élémentaire'') recipiuntur, cuius primus scopus lecturam, scriptionem, calculum et educationem civicam discere est.<ref>«L'école élémentaire»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref> [[Fasciculus:École normale supérieure de Paris, 26 January 2013.jpg|thumb|[[Schola normalis superior (Lutetia)|Schola normalis superioris]] (Francice ''École normale supérieure'' seu ''ENS'') [[Lutetia]]e, exeunte [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]] condita, plures [[Praemium Nobelianum|Praemio Nobeliano]] laureatos [[per capita]] quam quaelibet institutio in toto orbe terrarum generat.<ref>Tom Clynes, [https://www.nature.com/news/where-nobel-winners-get-their-start-1.20757 Where Nobel winners get their start] (Anglice), [[Nature]], die 7 Octobris anni 2016.</ref>]] [[Educatio secundaria]] etiam cyclis duobus evolvitur: primus [[collegium (Francia)|collegio]] datur et inducit in [[diploma nationale breveti]] (Francice ''diplôme national du brevet'').<ref>[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-college-4940 «Le collège»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref>; secundus autem cyclus [[Lyceum (Francia)|lyceo]] datur et inducit in examina finalia et nationalia: in [[baccalaureatus professionalis|baccalaureatum professionalem]] (Francice ''baccalauréat professionnel''), [[baccalaureatus technologicus|technologicum]] (Francice ''baccalauréat technologique'') aut [[baccalaureatus generalis|generalem]] (Francice ''baccalauréat général'') et in [[testimonium habilitatis professionalis]] (Francice ''certificat d'aptitude professionnelle'') aut in [[testimonium habilitatis professionalis agrariae]] (Francice ''certificat d'aptitude professionnelle agricole'' seu ''CAPA'') educationi agriculturali.<ref>[https://www.education.gouv.fr/le-lycee-41642 «Le lycée»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref> Ceterum, fere 17% alumnorum educationis primariae secundariaeque scholas privatas, plerasque cum Civitate consociatas et crebro confessionales, frequentant.<ref>[https://www.education.gouv.fr/les-etablissements-d-enseignement-scolaire-prives-2942 «Les établissements d'enseignement privés»] (Francice), in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum die 22 Februarii anni 2010).</ref> Francogallica [[educatio superior]] ostendit singularitatem cogendi ut [[universitas|universitates]] (Francice ''universités'') et [[schola grandis|scholarum grandium]] (Francogallice ''grandes écoles'') systema inter se congruant, quo accessus habetur plerumque per idoneitatis probationem post classes praeparatorias (Francice ''classes préparatoires'').<ref name="supérieur">[https://www.education.gouv.fr/l-enseignement-superieur-10085 «L'enseignement supérieur»]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (Francice) in ''education.gouv.fr'' (inspectum 22 Februarii anni [[2010]]).</ref> Educatio superior [[brevetum technici superioris|breveto technici superioris]] (Francice ''brevet de technicien supérieur'') et classibus praeparatoriis ad scholas grandes in [[Lyceum (Francia)|lyceis]] docetur<ref name="supérieur"></ref> aut in sedibus privatis. Omnia diplomata in Franciā concessa in [[index diplomatum in Francia|repertorio nationali testimoniorum professionalium]] (Francice ''répertoire national des certifications professionnelles'' seu ''RNCP'') porrigenda sunt. Francia, se ipsā [[Liberatio Franciae|liberatā]], ingens incrementum in fequentatione scholarum cognovit. Anno [[1936]], minus quam 3% classis cuiuslibet [[baccalaureus|baccalaureūs]] titulum adipiscuntur; haec centesimarum ratio in 30% anno [[1985]] et in 60% anno [[1995]] transivit.<ref name="Maurin">Ludovicus (Louis) Maurin, ''Déchiffrer la société française'', [[Lutetia|Lutetiae]], [[La Découverte]], [[2009]], 368 p. ([[ISBN]] 978-2-707-15413-2, [[LCCN]] 2009503665).</ref> Quomodocumque, haec educationis democratizatio inaequalitatem socialem non delevit: solum 25% filiorum fabrorum inter [[1974]] et [[1978]] natorum educationis superioris diplomate honorati sunt, aliter ac 77% filiorum moderatorum.<ref name="Maurin"></ref> Hae inaequalitates adhuc maiores sunt in scholis grandibus: solum 2,9% studentium a [[Schola nationalis administrationis (Francia)|Scholā nationali administrationis]] (Francice ''École nationale d'administration'' seu ''ENA'') anno [[2008]] admissorum parentem fabrum habebant.<ref name="Maurin"></ref> Secundum [[PISA|programma PISA]] ad comparanda systemata educativa nationalia, Francici systematis educativi eventūs deceptorii sunt, comparati ad alias Civitates socias [[Ordo oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis|Ordinis oeconomicae cooperationi et evolutioni favendis]],<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20190603012105/http://orientation.blog.lemonde.fr/2013/12/07/enquete-pisa-2012-la-france-decroche-en-maths-mais-remonte-en-comprehension-de-lecrit/ «Résultats de la France à l'enquête PISA 2012 scolaires]» (Francice), ¡¡[[Le Monde]]'' die 07/12/2013, ab Olivario (Olivier) Rollot.</ref> imprimis ob inaequali incrementum, factā investigatione PISA anni [[2003]]. Non obstantibus cautionis consiliis, [[analphabetismus]] 3,1 milliones hominum attingebat, id est, 9% incolarum inter 18 et 65 annos natorum et qui scholam in Franciā frequentaverant.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121211143413/http://anlci.gouv.fr/fileadmin/Medias/PDF/EDITIONS/ivq_4pages.pdf Agence nationale de lutte contre l'illettrisme, des chiffres pour éclairer les décisions] (Francice).</ref> Socialis alumnorum origo scholares eorum fructūs valdissime afficit. In [[cursus elementaris secundi anni|cursū elementari secundi anni]] (Francogallice ''Cours élémentaire 2e année'' seu ''CE2''), alumni ad pauperrimam quartam portionem pertinentes media puncta credita 57 e 100 in [[lingua Francica|linguā Francicā]] et 58 in [[mathematica|mathematicā]] obtinuerunt, contra 87 et 85 respective eis ad divetissimam quartam portionem pertinentibus. Haec inaequalitas augetur post [[collegium (Francia)|collegium]], cum indice accessūs ad secundum cursum baccalaureatūs generalis aut technologici bis altiore alumnis ad ambitūs divitiores pertinentibus quam aliis alumnis.<ref name="lefigaro">[https://www.lefigaro.fr/conjoncture/en-france-les-pauvres-vivent-13-ans-de-moins-que-les-riches-20190604 «En France, les pauvres vivent 13 ans de moins que les riches»] (Francice), in ''www.lefigaro.fr'', die [[4 Iunii]] [[2019]].</ref> Prima [[Ministerium Educationis nationalis (Francia)|Ministerii Educationis nationalis]] evaluatio "continuitatem paedagogicam" positivam per interclusionem tempore [[pandemia]]e [[COVID-19]] esse revelavit. Secundum demoscopiam, magistri septem e decem et parentes octo e decem contenti putati sunt.<ref>[https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/confinement-scolaire-un-bilan-officiel-tres-positif-sauf-en-education-prioritaire-20200724 «Confinement scolaire: un bilan officiel plutôt positif sauf en éducation prioritaire»], in ''Le Figaro'' (inspectum die 24 Iulii anni 2020).</ref> ===Valetudo=== [[Fasciculus:P1000513 Paris XIII Salpetrière reductwk.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|[[Valetudinarium Pitié-Salpêtrière]] (Francice ''Hôpital de la Salpêtrière''), [[valetudinarium]] docens [[Lutetia]]e.]] Francogallicum valetudinis systema primo loco in toto orbe terrarum collocabatur secundum [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|OMS]] anno [[1997]]<ref>[https://www.photius.com/rankings/healthranks.html The ranking, see spreadsheet details for a whole analysis] (Anglice) in ''photius.com''.</ref> et postea rursus anno [[2000]].<ref>[https://www.who.int/healthinfo/paper30.pdf Measuring overall health system performance for 191 countries] (Anglice).</ref> Valetudinis systema plerumque gratuitum est hominibus [[morbus|morbis]] chronicis (Francice ''affections de longues durées'') affectis; sicuti [[Cancer (morbus)|cancro]], [[Morbus deficientiae immunitatis acquisitae|sidā]] aut [[fibrosis cystica|fibrosi cysticā]]. Media [[exspectatio vitae]] in natū 77 anni viribus et 84 anni feminis sunt, apud altiores in [[Unio Europaea|Unione Europaeā]].<ref>[Espérance de vie, taux de mortalité et taux de mortalité infantile dans le monde] (Francice), [[INSEE]].</ref> Sunt 3,22 medici pro milibus incolarum in Franciā,<ref>[https://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/ Nombre de médecins pour 1000 habitants] in ''statistiques-mondiales.com'' (Francice).</ref> dum medius valetudinis sumptus per capita 4 719 [[dollarium (CFA)|dollariorum]] anno [[2008]].<ref>[https://www.statistiques-mondiales.com/ Dépenses de santé par habitants] (Francice) in ''statistiques-mondiales.com''.</ref> Anno [[2007]], erant circiter 140 milia incolarum (0,4%) in Franciā quae [[sida]]m aut [[HIV]] patebantur.<ref name="France FactBook">«France» (Anglice). ''The World Factbook''. [[CIA]]. 2009. Inspectum [[10 Martii]] anni 2011.</ref> Quamquam Francici unam strigosioribus e gentibus apud nationes progressas esse putantur,<ref name="NY Times">[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/05/04/world/europe/even-the-french-are-fighting-obesity.html Even the French are fighting obesity] (Francice), pridie Kalendas Maias in ''[[The NY Times]]''.</ref><ref name="Daily Finance">[https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_6151c126-3e53-47ce-b584-044d64b244d6 France's obesity crisis: All those croissants really do add up, after all]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} (Anglice), pridie Kalendas Aprilis anni 2010, in ''[[Daily Finance]]''.</ref> Francia, sicuti aliae nationes divites, crescentem recentemque [[obesitas|obesitatis]] [[epidemia]]m obit, praesertim propter [[Cibus promptus|cibi prompti]] substitutionem in locum salutaris traditionalis coquinae Francicae alimentatiis in moribus Francicis.<ref name="NY Times"></ref><ref name="Daily Finance"></ref><ref name="France heading">[https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2006/02/01/France-heading-for-US-obesity-levels-says-study France heading for US obesity levels says study] (Anglice), in ''Food Navigator''.</ref> Nihilominus, Francicus index obesitatis valde inferior est [[Statunitensis|Statunitensi]] (verbi gratiā, index obesitatis in Franciā idem Statunitensi erat in annis 1970)<ref name="Daily Finance"></ref> et adhuc infimus est in [[Europa|Europā]]<ref name="France heading"></ref> sed ab auctoritatibus nunc putatur unum praecipua apud problemata valetudinis publicae<ref>[https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2006/09/14/New-French-food-guidelines-aimed-at-tackling-obesity «New French food guidelines aimes at tabkling obesity»] (Anglice). ''Nutraingredients.com''. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.</ref> et auctoritates ferociter obesitati obviam eunt; index obesitatis infantilis in Franciā deminuitur, dum adhuc crescit aliis in nationibus.<ref>Petah Marianus (Marian) (23 Maii anni 2008). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220108001242/https://www.just-food.com/analysis/france-urged-to-get-tough-on-child-obesity «France urged to get tough on child obesity»] (Anglice) in ''just-food.com''. Inspectum die 9 Augusti anni 2010.</ref> ===Scientia et technologia=== [[Fasciculus:Ariane 5 Le Bourget FRA 001.jpg|upright|thumb|[[Rocheta]] [[Ariane 5]], [[Systema enissionis deponibilis|spatiale vehiculum reciprocum deponibile]], a societate [[Airbus Defence and Space|Airbus]] fabricata.]] Abusque [[Medium aevum|Medio aevo]], Francia praecipuas apud nationes scientifica in bona contribuentes est. Ineuns circa [[saeculum 11|saeculum XI]], [[Papa]] [[Silvester II]] [[abacus|abacum]] et [[sphaera armillaris|sphaeram armillarem]] denuo introduxit et [[Numeri Arabici|numeros Arabicos]] et [[horologium|horologia]] [[Europa Septentrionalis|Europae Septentrionali]] et [[Europa Occidentalis|Occidentali]] obtulit.<ref>Gulielmus (William) Godwin (1876). [https://archive.org/details/livesnecromance04godwgoog «Lives of the Necromancers»]. p. 232. Inspectum pridie Kalendas Iunias anni 2014.</ref> [[Universitas Parisiensis]] (Francogallice ''Université de Paris''), medio [[saeculum 12|saeculo XII]] condita, adhuc est una praecipuas apud [[universitas|universitates]] in [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Mundo Occidentali]].<ref>Andreas (André) Thuilier, ''Histoire de l’université de Paris et de la Sorbonne'', Lutetiae, Nouvelle librairie de France, 1994.</ref> [[Saeculum 17|Saeculo XVII]], [[Renatus Cartesius]] [[Rationalismus|methodum recte regendae rationis et veritatis in scientiis investigandae]] definivit, dum [[Blasius Pascalis]] praeclarus factus est sua propter opera de [[Probabilitas|probabilitate]] et [[mechanica|mechanicā]] [[fluidum|corporum fluidorum]]. Ambo egregii [[Revolutio scientifica|Revolutionis scientificae]] viri fuerunt quae in [[Europa|Europā]] eodem tempore exarsit. [[Academia Scientiarum Francica]] (Francice ''Académie des sciences'') a [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] condita est ad incitandum et protegendum animum Gallicae investigationis scientificae. Apud progressūs scientifici praecursores in Europā [[saeculum 17|saeculis XVII]] et [[saeculum 18|XVIII]]. Cui est una praecipuas apud academias scientiarum.<ref>Moak, David, ed. (2007). ''[https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/did2222.0000.874?view=text;rgn=main The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert Collaborative Translation Project]''. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing, University of Michigan Library. pp. 54–55.</ref> [[Illuminismus|Illuminismi]] tempus biologi [[Georgius Ludovicus Leclerc de Buffon|Buffoni]] et chemici [[Antonius Lavoisierius]] operibus notatum est, qui [[Oxygenium|oxygenii]] munus in [[combustio]]ne invenit, dum [[Dionysius Diderotus]] et [[Ioannes Baptista Le Rond d'Alembert]] ''[[Encyclopédie|Encyclopediam]]'' in lucem dederunt, quae ad praebendum accessum ad "cognitionem utilem" populo ordinatur, cognitionem quae cotidianae vitae adhibere possint.<ref>Burke, Petrus (Peter), ''A social history of knowledge: from Gutenberg to Diderot'', Malden: Blackwell Publishers Inc., 2000, p.17.</ref> Per [[Conversio industrialis|Conversionem industrialem]], [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], magnifici processūs scientifici in Franciā evenerunt cum scientificis sicuti [[Augustinus Ioannes Fresnel|Augustino Ioanne Fresnel]], hodiernae [[optica]]e conditore; [[Nicolaus Leonardus Sadi Carnot|Nicolao Leonardo Sadi Carnot]], [[thermodynamica]]e bases divulgante; aut [[Ludovicus Pasteur|Ludovico Pasteur]], uno apud [[microbiologia]]e praenuntios. Alii Francici egregii [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] scientifici sua nomina in [[Turris Eiffeliana|Turri Eiffelianā]], [[Lutetia]]e, inscripta habent.<ref>[https://www.toureiffel.paris/fr «The 72 Scientists»] (aliquot linguis). Turris Eiffeliana. Inspectum pridie Kalendas Februarias.</ref> Francicos apud claros [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] scientificos, sunt mathematicus physicusque [[Henricus Poincaré]]; physici [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel]] et [[Petrus Curie|Petrus]] et [[Maria Curie]], celebres ob opera de [[Radioactivitas|radioactivitate]]; physicus [[Paulus Langevin]]; aut virologus [[Lucas Montagnier]], [[Virus immunodeficientiae humanae|vīri HIV]] et [[sida]]e coinventor. Usque ad annum [[2012]], Galli 68 [[Praemium Nobelianum|Praemio Nobeliano]]<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/lists/all-nobel-prizes/ «All Nobel Prizes»] (Anglice). Nobel Media. Inspectum die 10 Octobris anni 2012.</ref> laureati sunt et undecim [[Numisma Fieldianum]]<ref>[https://www.mathunion.org/imu-awards/fields-medal «List of Fields Medallists»] (. [Unio mathematica internationalis]. Inspectum die 10 Octobris anni 2012.</ref> acceperunt. ===Media communicationis=== Apud [[diarium|diaria]] venditione in Franciā praecellentissima ''[[Le Parisien|Le Parisien Aujourd'hui en France]]'' (cum 460 000 quotidie venditorum), ''[[Le Monde]]'' et ''[[Le Figaro]]'', circiter cum 300 000 exemplarium quotidie venditorum, sunt; sed etiam ''[[L'Équipe]]'', [[ars athletica|artium athleticarum]] nuntiis dedicatum.<ref>(Francice) OJD, ["Observatoire de la Presse", [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507013851/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQN/ Presse Quotidienne Nationale].</ref> Antehac, diaria gratuita optime perruperunt, cum magis quam diariorum ''[[Metro International|Metro]]'', ''[[20 minutes (Francia)|20 minutes]]'' et ''[[Direct Plus]]'' exemplarium 650 000 respective distributa essent.<ref>(Francice) OJD, Presse Gratuite d'Information. [https://web.archive.org/web/20101204123544/http://www.ojd.com/pgi/section Archivatum] pridie Nonas Decembres in [[Wayback Machine]]. Novembre anni 2011.</ref> Nihilominus, maximus exemplarium numerus regionali diario ''[[Ouest-France]]'' attactus est, cum plus quam 750 000 exemplarium venditorum, dum alii regionalia diaria quinquaginta quoque magnas venditiones habent.<ref>(Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse Quotidienne Régionale et Départementale. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100507014206/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PQRD/ Archivatum] Nonis Maiis anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Commentariorum hebdomadalium campus diversificatior potentiorque est, cum amplius 400 specialium commentariorum hebdomadalium hac in natione typis editorum.<ref> (Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse Magazine – Synthèse. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204536/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_PMAG Archivatum] die 29 Septembris anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Validissimos apud nuntiorum commentarios, sunt partium sinistrarum ''[[L'Obs]]'', centristicus ''[[L'Express]]'' et partium dexterarum ''[[Le Point]]'' (cum amplius exemplarium 400 000),<ref>(Francice) Observatoire de la Presse, Presse News. [https://web.archive.org/web/20100929204512/http://observatoire.ojd.com/report/visu/obs/20/do/GP_NEWS Archivatum] die 29 Septembris anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> sed maximus exemplarium numerus apud commentarios hebdomadales attingitur televisificis muliebribusque commentariis, apud quos ''[[Marie Claire]]'' et ''[[Elle (commentarius)|Elle]]'' sunt, peregrinas versiones habentes. Validos apud commentarios hebdomadales etiam sunt investigationis satiricique commentarii ''[[Le Canard enchaîné]]'', ''[[Charlie Hebdo]]'' non minus quam ''[[Paris Match]]''. Ad instar plerorumque industrializatarum nationum, [[impressio|scripta typis edita]] magnā difficultate praeterito decennio affecta sunt. Anno [[2008]], gubernium praecipium ad impulsum incubuit ut iuvet huic campo ad se emendadum et ad fiendum pecuniarie independentem;<ref>(Anglice) ''The Telegraph'', [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/3125110/Nicolas-Sarkozy-French-media-faces-death-without-reform.html Nicolas Sarkozy: French media faces 'death' without reform]. Die 2 Octobris anni 2008.</ref><ref>(Francice) Francici gubernii propylon, Lancement des états généraux de la presse. [[Archivatum]] die 25 Iunii anni 2010 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> sed anno [[2009]] 600 000 [[euro]]num scriptis typis editis dare debuit ut [[crisis oeconomica|crisi oeconomicae]] opponerentur, exsistentia praeter subsidia.<ref>(Anglice) Angelica (Angelique) Chrisafis Lutetiae (die 23 Ianuarii anni 2009). [https://www.theguardian.com/media/2009/jan/23/sarkozy-pledges-state-aid-to-newspapers "Sarkozy pledges €600m to newspapers"]. ''[[The Guardian]]''. Londinii. Consultum die 21 Iunii anni 2012.</ref> [[Fasciculus:Le Figaro logo.png|thumb|left|alt=masthead of Le Figaro newspaper|''[[Le Figaro]]'' anno 1826 conditum est; multi insignioribus ex auctoribus in Franciā in eius columnis per decennia scripserunt et adhuc praecipuum habetur.<ref>(Anglice) [https://www.britannica.com/topic/Le-Figaro "Le Figaro"]. ''[[Encyclopædia Britannica]]''.</ref>]] Anno [[1974]], post annos centralizati monopolii super radiophoniā televisioneque, publica procuratio [[Office de radiodiffusion-télévision française|ORTF]] scissa est aliquot in nationalia instituta, sed iam exsistentes stationes televisificae tres et radiophonicae stationes quattuor penes civitatem manserunt.<ref>(Francice) Radio France, "L'entreprise", [https://web.archive.org/web/20110722004341/http://www.radiofrance.fr/lentreprise/reperes/statuts/ Repères].</ref><ref name="Vie Publique">(Francice) [https://www.vie-publique.fr/eclairage Vie Publique, Chronologie de la politique de l'audiovisuel].</ref> Fuit anno [[1981]] cum gubernium liberam emissionem hac in natione sivit, sic finito publico radiophoniae monopolio.<ref name="Vie Publique"/> Francica televisio insequentibus duobus decenniis partim [[Liberatio oeconomica|liberata]] est, creatis aliquot commercialibus stationibus, imprimis gratiā televisionis caplaris satellitalisque. Anno [[2005]], nationalis diakonia Télévision Numérique Terrestre televisionem digitalem totam in nationem introduxit, quod aliarum stationum creationem sivit. Exsistentes nationales stationes quattuor proprietas sunt publicae societatis [[France Télévisions]], cuius pecunia praeconialibus reditibus et permissionum televisificarum tributis suppeditatur. Publica societas emissoria [[Radio France]] nationales radioponicas stationes quinque gerit. Publica apud haec media sunt [[Radio France Internationale]], programmata Francice totum per orbem terrarum emittens, non minus quam Francica-Germanica statio televisifica [[TV5 Monde]]. Anno [[2006]] gubernium universa statio nuntiorum televisificorum [[France 24]] creavit. Longinquae stationes televisificae [[TF1]] (anno 1987 privatizata), [[France 2]] et [[France 3]] maiores spectatorum numeros habet, dum stationes radiophonicae [[RTL]], [[Europe 1]] et publica [[France Inter]] apud minus auditas sunt. == Cultura et artes == [[Fasciculus:La Liberté guidant le peuple - Eugène Delacroix - Musée du Louvre Peintures RF 129 - après restauration 2024.jpg|thumb|left|[[Marianna]] (Francice ''Marianne'') in picturā ''[[Libertas populum ducens]]'', ab [[Eugenius Delacroix|Eugenio Delacroix]].]] Francia multa saecula est sedes [[cultura]]e confectae: multi artifices Francici fuerunt inter celeberrimis eorum temporis, et Francia iam cognoscitur et admirationi est ob suam copiosam [[cultura]]e memoriam. Continua regimina politica [[ars|artis]] fabricationem semper promoverunt, et inauguratio [[Ministerium Culturae (Francia)|Ministerii Culturae]] anno [[1959]] culturale civitatis patrimonium conservare adiuvat et in publicum prodit. Ministerium Culturae subsidia artificibus concedit, culturam Francicam per mundum promovet, ferias et alios [[cultura]]e eventūs sustinet, [[Monumentum historicum|monumenta historica]] tutatur. Praeterea, gubernatio Francica [[exceptio culturae|legitimam culturae exceptionem]] prospere sustentat, ut opera [[audiovisualis|audiovisualia]] intra rem publicam confecta defendat. Francia est civitas quae maximum mundi numerum [[periegesis|peregrinatorum]] quotannis accipit, praecipue ob [[institutum|instituta]] [[cultura]]e et [[aedificium|aedificia]] [[historia|historica]] omnem per terram inserta. Reipublicae sunt circa mille ducenta [[museum|museorum]], quae plusquam quingenties centena milia hominum quotannis invisunt.<ref>Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, "Cultura statistics," [https://web.archive.org/web/20120118171647/http://www2.culture.gouv.fr/culture/deps/2008/pdf/minichiffrescles2010-en.pdf Graves numeri.]</ref> Gravissimi culturae sitūs a gubernatione administrantur, exempli gratiā ab officio publico [[Centrum monumentorum nationalium|Centro monumentorum nationalium]] (Francice ''Centre des monuments nationaux''), quod circa [[centum]] [[monumentum historicum|historica civitatis monumenta]] procurat. Fere 43&thinsp;180 [[aedificium|aedificia]] ut [[monumentum|monumenta]] historica protecta, plerumque domicilia (multa [[castella]]) et [[templum|templa]] religiosa ([[ecclesia cathedralis|cathedrales]], [[basilica|basilicas]], [[ecclesia]]s), sed etiam signa, [[monumentum|lapides memoriales]], et [[hortus|hortos]] comprehendunt. ===Bellae artes=== [[Fasciculus:Claude_Monet_023.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Claudius Monet]] [[Impressionismus|motum impressionisticum]] condidit. (''Femme avec un parasol'', anno [[1886]], in [[Museum Orsay|Museo Orsay]]).]] Primae artificiosae manifestationes [[Praehistoria|Praehistorico]] a tempore, Francocantabrico stilo, oriuntur. [[Renovatio Carolingiana|Carolingianum tempus]] natum scholae [[Manuscriptum illuminatum|illuminatorum]] signat, quae totum [[Medium aevum]] perdurabit et ad culmen perveniet cum [[Manuscriptum illuminatum|illuminatione]] libri ''[[Les très riches heures du duc de Berry]]''. Classici Francici [[saeculum 17|saeculi XVII]] pictores [[Nicolaus Poussin]] et [[Claudius Lorrain]] sunt.<ref name="Encyclopaedia Britannica">[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]] (ed.). [https://www.britannica.com/place/France/The-fine-arts «The Fine Arts»] (Anglice). Inspectum die [[13 Martii]] anni 2018.</ref> [[Saeculum 18|Saeculo XVIII]] [[Genus conchatum]] praeeminet, cum [[Antonius Watteau|Antonio Watteau]], [[Franciscus Boucher|Francisco Boucher]] et [[Ioannes Honoratus Fragonard|Ioanne Honorato Fragonard]]. Exeunte hoc saeculo, incipit [[Classicismus]] [[Iacobus Ludovicus David|Iacobi Ludovici David]]. In [[Romanticismus|Romanticismo]] peritissimi sunt clari [[Theodorus Géricault]] et [[Eugenius Delacroix]]. [[Realismus (artes)|Realistica]] [[Schola Barbitionensis|Scholae Bartionensis]] (Francice ''École de Barbizon'') [[pictura topiaria]] perrecta est ab artificibus cum realismo testimonialiore de realitate illius temporis sociali, sicuti [[Ioannes Franciscus Millet|Ioanne Francisco Millet]] et [[Gustavus Courbet|Gustavo Courbet]].<ref name="Encyclopaedia Britannica"></ref> In Franciā, [[sculptura]] multimodis evoluta est, sed omnibus in generibus eminens: [[Aevum praehistoricum|Praehistorico]], [[Ars Romana|Romano]], [[Ars Romanica|Romanico]], [[Ars Gothica|Gothico]], [[Renascentia litterarum|Anagenetico]]<ref>{{DAEL}}</ref>, [[Barocus|Baroco]] ac [[Genus conchatum|Conchato]], [[Neoclassicismus|Neoclassico]] (ubi eminet [[Fridericus Augustus Bartholdi]] cum ''[[Statua Libertatis|Statuā Libertatis]]''), [[Romanticismus|Romantico]] (ubi eminet [[Augustus Rodin]] cum ''[[Cogitator]]e'') et [[Ars hodierna|Hodierno]].<ref name="Encyclopaedia Britannica"></ref> Secundo [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] dimidio, Franciae influxus in picturam adhuc maioris ponderis factus est, cum nova sculpturae genera evolverentur sicuti [[Impressionismus]] et [[Symbolismus (artes)|Symbolismus]]. Impressionistas apud pictores in illo tempore clarissimos [[Camillus Pissarro]], [[Eduardus Manet]], [[Edgarus Degas]], [[Claudius Monet]] et [[Petrus Augustus Renoir]] sunt.<ref name="Guide">[https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/learn-about-art/guide-to-impressionism «Guide to Impressionism»]. Nationalgallery.org.uk (Anglice). Inspectum die 22 Iulii anni 2011.</ref> In secundā Impressionistarum pictorum aetate, quoque artificiosarum evolutionum praecursores erant [[Paulus Cézanne]], [[Paulus Gauguin]], [[Henricus de Toulouse-Lautrec]] et [[Georgius Seurat]]; non minus quam [[Fauvismus|Fauvistae]] artifices [[Henricus Matisse]]], [[Andreas Derain]] et [[Mauritius de Vlaminck]].<ref name="NGA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20101105195501/http://www.nga.gov/feature/artnation/fauve/index.shtm National Gallery of Art (United States)], (Anglice). Inspectum Idibus Martiis anni 2018.</ref><ref name="RFI">(Francice) RFI, Vlaminck, version fauve. [https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120345/http://www.rfi.fr/culturefr/articles/098/article_63189.asp Archivatum] die 10 Octobris anni 2017, in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Multa [[museum|musea]] in Franciā sculpturis et picturae operibus totim aut partim dedicantur. Ingens antiquorum operum ante aut per [[saeculum 18|XVIII]] creatorum collectio in [[Museum Luparense|Museo Luparensi]] exhibetur, sicuti pictura ''[[Iucunda]]'', usitatissime ''Mona Lisa'' appellata. Dum [[Lupara (palatium)|Palatium Luparense]] diu museum fuit; [[Museum Orsay]] anno [[1986]] antiquā in [[statio ferriviaria|statione ferriviariā]] inauguratum est, ut denuo ordinarentur magnae nationales artis collectiones et Francicae secundi [[saeculum 19|saeculi XIX]] dimidii picturae, praesertim motuum Impressionismi et Fauvismi, congregarentur.<ref name="Orsay">(Francice et Anglice) [https://www.musee-orsay.fr/fr Musée d'Orsay (official website), History of the museum – From station to museum]. Inspectum die 14 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> [[Ars moderna|Moderna opera]] in [[Museum nationale Artis modernae|Museo nationali Artis modernae]] (Francice ''Musée national d'Art moderne'') exhibentur, cuius domicilium anno [[1976]] immutatum est in [[Centrum nationale artis et culturae Georgii Pompidou|Centro Pompidou]] (Francice ''Centre Pompidou''). Ista tria publica musea propemodum 17 [[millio]]nes hominum quotannis recipiunt.<ref name="Ministerium Turismi Franciae">(Francice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110511093631/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/stat_etudes/memento/2009/sites.pdf Ministerium Turismi Franciae]. Inspectum die 14 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> Alia apud nationalia musea picturas continentia [[Magnum Palatium]], cum 1,3 [[millio]]nibus salutatorum, est; sed etiam sunt plurima musea ad urbes pertinentia, apud quae eminet [[Museum Artis modernae Lutetiae]] (Francice ''Musée d'Art moderne de Paris''), cum 800 milibus salutatorum anno 2008, [[Ars hodierna|opera hodierna]] continens.<ref name="Ministerium Turismi Franciae"/> ===Litterae=== {{Vide-etiam|Litterae Franciae}} [[Fasciculus:Molière_-_Nicolas_Mignard_(1658).jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Molière]], unus apud [[satura|satiricae]] [[comoedia]]e magistros putatus.]] [[Fasciculus:Victor Hugo by Étienne Carjat 1876 - full.jpg|upright|left|thumb|[[Victor Hugo]], unus clarissimos apud viros in [[Litterae|litteris]] Franciae, cuius solletia cum eā [[Ludovicus Camonius|Camonii]] et eā [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Shakesperii]] confertur.]] [[Litterae Franciae]] antiquissimae originem trahunt a [[medium aevum|medio aevo]], cum [[terra]] quae hodie praesens Francia habetur communem uniformemque sermonem etiam non habebat.<ref>(Anglice) [[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]. [https://www.britannica.com/art/French-literature «French literature»]. Inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> [[Franciscus Rabelaesus]] insignis [[saeculum 16|saeculi sexti decimi]] scriptor Rabelaesus fuit, cuius [[mythistoria]] ''[[Gargantua (Rabelaesus)|Gargantua]]'' clara aestimataque usque ad hodiernum tempus manet. [[Michael Montanus]] alius litterarum Francicarum clarus vir fuit idem per saeculum, cuius celeberrimum opus, ''[[Progymnasmata]]'' (Francice ''Essais''), litterarum genus [[progymnasma]] creavit.<ref>(Anglice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20110525201508/http://www.humanistictexts.org/montaigne.htm "Montaigne."] Humanistictexts.org, inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> Per [[saeculum 17|saeculum XVII]], [[Domina de La Fayette]] mythistoriam ''[[Principissa Cliviae]]'' (Francice ''La Princesse de Clèves'') anonyme typis edidit, quae una primarum [[mythistoria psychologica|psychologicarum mythistoriarum]] unquam habetur.<ref>(Anglice) [http://www.radiodramareviews.com/id438.html "La Princesse de Cleves by Madame de Lafayette, adapted by Jo Clifford."] Radiodramareviews.com. Pridie Kalendas Martias 2010. Inspectum die 15 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> [[Ioannes Fontana]] est clarissimos apud [[apologus|fabulatores]]<ref>{{DAEL}}</ref> illius temporis, auctor apologorum sicuti ''[[De cicada et formica|De cicadā et formicā]]''. Cuius apologi a Francicorum alumnorum aetatibus disci debuerunt, qui iuvenes ad sapientiam sesumque communem docendos adiuvare credebantur. Quorum quoque aliquot versūs in sermonem cottidianum intraverunt ut proverbia fierent, sicuti "''À l'oeuvre, on connaît l'artisan''", quod significat "In opere, fabrem cognoscimus".<ref>Ioannes Fontana, ''Fables'' (1668–1679), I., 21, Les Frelons et les Mouches à miel; reported in Thomas Benfield Harbottle and Philip Hugh Dalbiac, Dictionary of Quotations (Francice, Italice et Anglice) (1904), p. 1.</ref> [[Ioannes Racine]], cuius mirifica [[versus Alexandrinus|versūs Alexandrini]] et [[lingua Francica|linguae Francicae]] calliditas per saecula laudata est, ludos scaenicos sicuti ''[[Phèdre (Racine)|Phaedra]]'' et ''[[Britannicus (Racine)|Britannicus]]'' creavit. Qui, iuxta cum [[Petrus Cornellius|Petro Cornellio]] (et suo ludo scaenico ''[[Le Cid (Cornellius)|Sidi]]'') et [[Molière]], unus magnos apud tres dramaturgos aetatis aureae Francicae habetur. [[Molière]], qui unus apud maiores [[comoedia]]e scriptores [[litterae|litterarum]] [[Humanus Cultus Occidentalis|Occidentalium]] putatur,<ref>(Anglice) Hartnoll, Phyllis (ed.). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre, 1983, Oxford University Press, p. 554.</ref> [[Ludus scaenicus|fabularum scaenicarum]] decusses scripsit, apud quas excellunt ''[[Le Misanthrope ou l'Atrabilaire amoureux|Misanthropus]]'', ''[[Avarus]]'', ''[[Le Malade imaginaire|Aeger simulatus]]'' et ''[[Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme|Burgensis Vir Nobilis]]''. Cuius fabulae scaenicae sic populares in toto orbe terrarum sunt ut lingua Francica aliquando "lingua de Molière" appelletur.<ref>(Anglice) Randall, Colinus (Colin) (25 Octobris anni 2004). [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/1475046/France-looks-to-the-law-to-save-the-language-of-Moliere.html «France looks to the law to save the language of Molière»]. ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]''. Londinii. Inspectum die 19 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> Litterae et [[poësis]] Francicae vel magis [[saeculum 18|saecula XVIII]] et [[saeculum 19|XIX]] floruerunt. Clarissima [[Dionysius Diderotus|Dionysii Dideroti]] opera ''[[Jacques le fataliste|Iacobus fatalista]]'' et ''[[Le neveu de Rameau|Nepos de Rameau]]'' sunt. Nihilominus, is clarior est quia fuit praecipuus scriptor ''[[Encyclopédie|Encyclopaediae]]'', cuius propositum erat omnia eius saeculi cognita (in campis sicuti artibus, scientiis. linguis aut philosophiā) colligi et vulgo exponi ut [[ignorantia]]e et [[obscurantismus|obscurantismo]] obstetur. Idem per saeculum, [[Carolus Perraultius]] prolificus insginium [[Fabella puerilis|fabellarum puerilium]] scriptor fuit, apud quas excellunt ''[[:fr:Le_Maître_chat_ou_le_Chat_botté|Catto Cothurnato]]'', ''[[Cinerella]]'', ''[[:fr:La_Belle_au_bois_dormant|Bella Puella in Silva Sopita]]'', ''[[:fr:Le_Petit_Poucet|Polliculo]]'', ''[[:fr:La_Barbe_bleue|Barba Caerulea]]'' aut ''[[Lacernella Rubra]]''. Ineunte [[saeculum 19|saeculo XIX]], [[poësis]] [[Symbolismus (artes)|symbolistica]] praecipuus motus in litteris Francicis erat, cum poëtis sicuti [[Carolus Baudelaire|Carolo Baudelaire]], [[Paulus Verlaine|Paulo Verlaine]] et [[Stephanus Mallarmé|Stephano Mallarmé]].<ref>(Francice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180307192737/http://users.skynet.be/litterature/symbolisme/symbolismefrancais.htm Le symbolisme français]. Archivatum Nonnis Martiis anni 2018, in [[Wayback Machine]]. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> [[Saeculum 19|Saeculo undevicensimo]], orti sunt plurimi egregii auctores Francici. [[Victor Hugo]] pluries "maximus Francicus scriptor omnium temporum" describitur quia eminuit omnibus in [[Genus litterarum|generibus litterarum]].<ref>(Francice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20130723121408/http://www.lecavalierbleu.com/images/30/extrait_75.pdf «Victor Hugo est le plus grand écrivain français»] (PDF). Archivatum ex originali PDF die 23 Iulii anni 2013 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Cuius [[ludus scaenicus|ludi scaenici]] ''[[Cromwell (Hugo)|Cromwell]]'' prooemium praeconium [[Romanticismus|motūs Romantici]] putatur. ''[[Les contemplations|Contemplationes]]'' et ''[[La légende des siècles|Legenda saeculorum]]'' poëtica summa opera putantur.<ref name="Enotes">[https://www.enotes.com/topics/victor-hugo/critical-essays/hugo-victor «Victor Hugo 1802–1885»]{{Nexus deficit|date=August 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Enotes.com''. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> Victoris Hugo [[versiculus]] cum eo [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Gulielmi Shakesperii]], [[Dantes Alagherius|Dantis Alagherii]], et [[Homerus|Homeri]] collatus est.<ref name="Enotes"></ref> Cuius [[mythistoria]] ''[[Les misérables|Miseri]]'' valde putatur una maiores apud mythistorias iam scriptas.<ref>(Anglice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20180318194508/http://www.adherents.com/people/100_novel.html «All-Time 100 Best Novels List»]. ''Adherents.com''. Inspectum die 20 Aprilis anni 2022. Archivatum die 18 Martii anni 2018 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> [[Praemium Goncourt]] Francicum litterarum praemium anno [[1903]] creatum est.<ref>(Francice). [https://www.academiegoncourt.com/?article=1229174089 La première Académie Goncourt]. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022 – [https://www.academiegoncourt.com/ Site officiel de l'Académie Goncourt] Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> Praecipuos apud [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] scriptores, [[Marcellus Proust]], [[Ludovicus Ferdinandus Céline]], [[Albertus Camus]] et [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre]] sunt. [[Antonius de Saint-Exupéry]] opus ''[[Regulus (Saint-Exupéry)|Regulus]]'' scripsit, quod per decennia apud pueros adultosque in toto orbe terrarum pervulgatum mansit.<ref>(Anglice) [https://web.archive.org/web/20180930232031/http://www.completelynovel.com/books/50599 «The Little Prince»]. ''Completelynovel.com''. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022. Exemplar archivatum pridie Kalendas Octobres anni 2018.</ref> Francia magis [[Praemium Nobelianum litterarum|Praemio Nobeliano Litterarum laureatos scriptores]] quam quaevis alia natio habet.<ref name="Modiano">(Anglice). [https://web.archive.org/web/20141018105721/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/afp/141009/modiano-strengthens-frances-literature-nobel-dominance Modiano strengthens France's literature Nobel dominance]. Inspectum die 21 Aprilis anni 2022. Exemplar archivatum die 18 Octobris anni 2014 in [[Wayback Machine]].</ref> Primus Praemio Nobeliano Litterarum laureatus Francicus fuit, dum ultimus Francicus Nobeliano Litterarum laureatus [[Patricius Modiano]] fuit, qui hoc praemium anno [[2014]] accepit.<ref name="Modiano"></ref> [[Ioannes Paulus Sartre]] etiam primus candidatus in [[Consilium Nobelianum Sueticum|Consilii Nobeliani]]<ref>{{DAEL}}.</ref> historiā fuit qui hoc praemium abnuit.<ref name="Modiano"></ref> ===Musica=== [[Fasciculus:DaftAlive.jpeg|thumb|[[Daft Punk]], [[musica domestica Francica|musicae domesticae Francicae]] (Francice ''French touch'' sive ''French house'') praenuntii.]] Francicā in [[musica|musicā]], post ante annum [[1000]], eminuit [[cantus Gregorianus]] quo [[liturgia]]e utebantur. In Franciā [[polyphonia]] creata est. Nuncupatā in [[Ars antiqua|Arte antiquā]], [[Carolus Magnus|Carolo Magno]] [[Schola cantorum|scholae cantorum]] tributae sunt anno [[783]]. ''[[Sacramenta Argentoratensia]]'' Francicum lyricum opus est maximi ponderis in [[Medium aevum|Medio aevo]], cum evoluta sunt [[carmen epicum|carmina epica]] sicuti ''[[La Chanson de Roland|Carmen Rolandi]]''.<ref>(Francice et Anglice). [https://books.google.es/books?id=Iy66sWy4-QMC&pg=PR1&dq=%22la+chanson+de+roland%22+student&lr=&redir_esc=y&hl=es#v=twopage&q&f=false La Chanson De Roland: Oxford Text and English Translation]. (Fracica Editio) (v. 1) a Gerardo J. Brault (1984).</ref> Francia [[trobator]]um<ref>De vocabulo "trobator" vide [https://archive.org/stream/RevistaLusitana21/Revista_Lusitana_21_djvu.txt Revista Lusitana], ubi dicitur "(...) Stephanus Gomecij Aluazilis. Johannes Martinj miles dictus Trobator(...)"; "(...) et omnibus aliis que fuerunt Martini suerii trobatoris in villa in terminis de Riuuolo maiori (...)".</ref> cunabula in [[saeculum 12|saeculo XII]] fuit, non minus quam [[Ars nova|Artis novae]] posteriorum saeculorum.<ref>(Anglice). Duffin, Ross W. [ttps://books.google.es/books?id=z9xDFnIMRssC&pg=PA190&dq="ars+nova"&lr=&as_drrb_is=b&as_minm_is=0&as_miny_is=1980&as_maxm_is=0&as_maxy_is=2009&as_brr=3&hl=pt-BR&cd=4&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q="ars nova"&f=false ''A Performer's Guide to Medieval Music'']. Indiana University Press, 2000. p. 190.</ref> Per [[Romanticismus|Romanticismum]], [[Lutetia]] musicale in centrum in toto orbe terrarum mutata est et, in praesenti, Francia privilegiatum locum in musicalis creationis campo servat gratiā novarum aetatum [[compositor]]um. Clarissimos apud Francicae [[Musica popularis|musicae popularis]] cantores, excellunt [[Editha Piaf]], [[Mireille Mathieu|Mirella Mathieu]], [[Dalida]], [[Carolus Aznavour]], [[Vanessa Paradis]], [[Sergius Gainsbourg]] et [[Gilbertus Bécaud]].<ref>(Anglice). Sweeney, Regina M. (2001). ''Singing Our Way to Victory: French Cultural Politics and Music During the Great War'', Wesleyan University Press. p. 23. ISBN 0-8195-6473-7.</ref> ===Architectura=== [[Fasciculus:Ste Chapelle Basse s.jpg|thumb|left|[[Sancta Capella|Sanctae Capellae]] (Francice ''Sancte-Chapelle'') tectum a [[Ludovicus IX (rex Francorum)|Ludovico IX]].]] Quod ad [[architectura]]m attinet, [[Celtae]] sua vestigia etiam reliquerunt cum [[Monolithus|monolithi]] et [[megalithus|megalithi]] erecti essent; non minus quam [[Graeci|Graecorum]] praesentia a [[saeculum 6 a.C.n.|saeculo VI a.C.n.]], quae hodie commemoratur classicā in [[Massilia]]e hereditate. [[Architectura Romana]] exempla habet [[Maison carrée|Domum quadratam]] (Francice ''Maison Carrée''), templum [[Romani antiqui|Romanum]] inter annos [[161 a.C.n.|161]] et [[138 a.C.n.]] aedificatum; aut [[Pons Gardi|Pontem Gardi]] (Francice ''Pont du Gard''), inter annos [[40]] et [[60]] constructum [[Nemausus|Nemausi]] et patrimonium universale anno [[1985]] indicatum. In Franciā inventum est [[opus francigenum]], expressum in [[Ecclesia cathedralis|cathedralibus]] sicuti [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Carnotensis|Carnotensi]], [[Ambianum|Ambianensi]], [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Nostrae Dominae Parisiensis|Nostrae Dominae Parisiensi]] et [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensi]].<ref name="Widewalls">(Anglice). Widewalls (ed.). [https://web.archive.org/web/20220428135007/https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine «The Evolution of French Architectute»]. Inspectum die 28 Aprilis anni 2022.</ref> [[Renascentia litterarum|Renascentia]], in [[Italia|Italiā]] orta, architectonice indicatur optimo modo in [[Castellum Blesarum|Castello Blesarum]] (Francice ''Château de Blois'') aut [[Castellum Fontis Bleaudi|Castello Fontis Bleaudi]] (Francice ''Château de Fontainebleau'') inter alia. [[Barocus|Ars Baroca]], quoque in Italiā orta, et [[Genus conchatum|Genus Conchatum]], in Franciā inventum, splendida opera in Franciā habent. Apud quae, [[Museum Luparense]] et [[Pantheon Parisiense]] inter alia.<ref name="Widewalls"></ref> [[Modernismus]] in architecturā totum [[saeculum 19|saeculum XIX]] et [[saeculum 20|saeculi XX]] initium comprehendit, et [[Gustavus Eiffel]] architectonicas sui temporis theoriam praxinque permutavit in construendis colossaeis pontibus et in utendo materiis sicuti [[chalybs|chalybe]]. Celeberrimum cuius opus [[Turris Eiffeliana]] est. Alius universalis architecturae vir clarus est [[Le Corbusier]], innovator et [[functionalismus (architectura)|functionalista]] praesertim celeber urbanisticas propter contributiones aedificandis domiciliis et synthesibus habitationalibus.<ref name="Widewalls"></ref> ===Cinematographia=== [[Fasciculus:Cannes 2018 10.jpg|230px|thumb|[[Festival de Cannes|Festi Canuae]] [[tapetum purpureum]] anno [[2018]].]] [[Cinematographia]], a [[Fratres Lumière|fratribus Lumière]] anno [[1895]] [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] inventa, ponderis negotium in Franciā est, non obstante [[Ruscisilva|Aquifoliensi]] aemulatione, et in toto orbe terrarum. Anno [[2005]], Francia sexta effectrix cinematographica erat in mundo et prima Europaea effectrix [[Pellicula diutina|pellicularum diutinarum]].<ref name="Regourd">(Francice) Sergii Regourd, ''L’exception culturelle'', Lutetiae, PUF, 2004.</ref> Haec vitalitas Francicā [[exceptio culturalis|exceptionis culturalis]] ratione servatur, quae, verbi gratiā, Francicarum pellicularum per [[televisio]]nem missarum portionibus ostenditur.<ref name="Regourd"></ref> Quoque exprimitur eximia per eventūs sicuti per [[Praemium César|Caesares]] (Francice ''Les César''), per [[Praemium Lumière|Praemia Lumière]] et [[Festival de Cannes|Ferias internationales cinematographiae]], [[Canua]]e anniversarie dispositas, quae est culturalis eventus vulgatissinus in toto orbe terrarum.<ref>(Anglice) Dionysii Lim, [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/16/arts/16iht-lim16.html?_r=1 «They'll Always Have Cannes»], [[The New York Times]], Idibus Maiis anni 2012.</ref> Abusque annis centum exsistens, cinematographia Francica revelatur locuples plurimis [[Dispositor cinematographicus|dispositoribus]] (apud quos [[Georgius Méliès]], [[Ioannes Lucas Godard]], [[Lucas Besson]]...), plurimis [[histrio]]nibus (apud quos [[Ioannes Marais]], [[Ludovicus de Funès]], [[Gerardus Depardieu]], [[Etheldreda Tautou]]...) et plurimis pelliculis effectis (apud quas ''[[Les Misérables (pellicula anni 1958)|Les Misérables]]'', ''[[La Grande Vadrouille]]'', ''[[Emmanuelle (pellicula)|Emmanuelle]]'', ''[[Le Grand Bleu]]'', ''[[Intouchables (pellicula)|Intouchables]]''...). Nihilominus, abusque [[anni 1980|annis 1980]], magna effectarum pellicularun pars in speciali in comoedias (sicuti ''[[Le dîner de cons]]'', ''[[Les Visiteurs]]'', ''[[Bienvenue chez les Ch'tis]]''...) et in pelliculas auctoris (sicuti ''[[La Haine]]'', ''[[Le Fabuleux Destin d'Amélie Poulain]]'', ''[[The Artist]]''...) flexit. <gallery mode="packed" caption="Praestantes cinematographiae Francicae homines"> Fasciculus:Fratelli Lumiere.jpg|[[Fratres Lumière]]. Fasciculus:George Melies.jpg|[[Georgius Méliès]]. Fasciculus:Louis de Funès — L'Homme orchestre (1970) (recadré).jpg|[[Ludovicus de Funès]]. Fasciculus:Jean-Luc Godard at Berkeley, 1968.jpg|[[Ioannes Lucas Godard]]. Fasciculus:Catherine Deneuve Berlinale 2017.jpg|[[Catharina Deneuve]]. Fasciculus:Gérard Depardieu avp 2016 3.jpg|[[Gerardus Depardieu]]. Fasciculus:Isabelle Adjani Cannes 2018.jpg|[[Isabella Adjani]]. Fasciculus:Isabelle Huppert Cannes 2018.jpg|[[Isabella Huppert]]. Fasciculus:Audrey Tautou janvier 2016.jpg|[[Etheldreda Tautou]]. Fasciculus:Marion Cotillard at 2019 Cannes.jpg|[[Mariana Cotillard]]. Fasciculus:Christophe Lambert et Jean Dujardin (Cropped).jpg|[[Ioannes Dujardin]]. Fasciculus:Jean-Paul Belmondo Cannes 2011.jpg|[[Ioannes Paulus Belmondo]] Fasciculus:Alain Delon en Janvier 2011.jpg|[[Alanus Delon]] Fasciculus:Yves Montand Cannes.jpg|[[Ivo Montand]] Fasciculus:Lino Ventura — Il Re di Poggioreale.jpg|[[Lino Ventura]] Fasciculus:François truffaut.jpg|[[Franciscus Truffaut]] </gallery> Per [[COVID-19 pandemia|sanitatis discrimen]] in Franciā, Civitas duo [[milliardum|milliarda]] euronum iterum concessit ut sustentarentur culturales sectores. Die [[28 Augusti]] anni 2020, Primus minister [[Ioannes Castex]] 165 [[millio]]nes euronum ad sustentandam cinematographicam creationem cogitatorum duorum milliardorum euronum dandos esse nuntiavit. Praeterea, 432 milliones euronum iam destinati erant ad iuvandum spectaculi in vivo sectorem.<ref>(Francice) [https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2020/08/28/jean-castex-annonce-un-soutien-de-165-millions-d-euros-a-la-creation-cinematographique_6050256_3246.html «Jean Castex annonce un soutien de 165 millions d’euros à la création cinématographique»], in ''[[Le Monde]]'' (Inspectum die 28 Augusti anni 2020).</ref> ===Moda=== {{double image|left|Robe lacroix arles 2008.jpg|130|Chanel Haute Couture Fall-Winter 2011.jpg|295|[[Christianus Lacroix|Christiani Lacroix]] et [[Chanel]] ostensio.}} [[Moda]] ponderis industria in Franciā abusque [[saeculum 17|saeculo XVII]] et est adhuc hodie praecipua res vectoria culturae Francicae peregre. Ineunte [[saeculum 21|saeculo XXI]], [[Lutetia]] sibi [[caput modae|caput mundanum modae]] vindicat (tamquam [[Londinium]], [[Mediolanum]] et [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Novum Eboracum]])<ref>(Francice) Carinae Bizet, [https://www.lemonde.fr/fashion-week/article/2016/03/07/les-stylistes-celebrent-l-art-de-vivre_4877723_1824875.html «Mode : Paris restera toujours Paris»], ''[[Le Monde]]'',‎ die 5 Martii anni 2016.</ref><ref>(Francice) Paschalis Morand, «La France a du mal à assumer sa supériorité dans les domaines de la mode et du luxe», ''[[Le Monde]]'',‎ die [[28 Septembris]] anni 2016.</ref> et praecipuas artificum vestiariorum sedes colligit. [[Ludovicus XIV|Ludovico XIV]] rege,<ref>Kelly, 181. DeJean, capita de 2 in 4.</ref> cum bonorum luxuriosorum industriae penes regem erant, Francia praepollens munus in modā adepta est. Regia Francica exquisiti iudicii elegantiaeque arbiter in Europā tunc paulatim facta est, [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]]. Inter annos 1860 et 1960, summa vestificina novam dynamicam inspiravit. Enuntiatum "[[summa vestificina]]"<ref>Vide lemma "''alta costura''" apud "''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''" auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.</ref> (Francice ''haute couture'') [[Lutetia]]e ortum est et originem trahit ab [[anni 1860|annis 1860]]. Hoc nomen lege protegitur, quod aliquas bonitatis normas exclusivitatemque testatur. Per [[anni 1960|annos 1960]], summa vestificina, nimis elitistica putata, [[Cultura popularis|culturā iuvenium]] vituperatur. Anno [[1966]], vestifex<ref>Vide lemma "''modisto''" apud "''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''" auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.</ref> [[Ivo Saint Laurent]] statutas normas rupit cum [[vestis prompta|vestem promptam]]<ref>{{DAEL}}</ref> (Francice ''prêt-à-porter'') protulisset, quod ut moda Francica serialiter fabricaretur fecit. Inter annos [[1970]] et [[1980]], [[Sonia Rykiel]], [[Theodoricus Mugler]], [[Claudius Montana]], [[Ioannes Paulus Gaultier]] et [[Christianus Lacroix]] recentissimos mores instituerunt, vi tribuendā rationi negotiatoriae fabricationique. [[Anni 1990|Annis 1990]], constituta sunt [[conglomeratum (oeconomia)|conglomerata]] congregandis aliquot Francicis vestificinis praesertim cum celeberrimis luxuriae societatibus [[LVMH]], [[Kering]] et [[L'Oréal]]. Ineuntibus [[anni 2020|annis 2020]], Francicus sector unguentarius, totim ineunti [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]] a [[Franciscus Coty|Francisco Coty]] industrializatus, praepollens in toto orbe terrarum redditus est. ===Coquina=== [[Fasciculus:Qatar inaugural (5407424518).jpg|thumb|[[Vinum Campanicum|Vini Campanici]] [[Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin]] lagonae.]] [[Coquina]] Francica magnā existimatione fruitur, praecipue agricolaria propter producta optima: innumera [[Vinum Gallicum|vina]] ([[Vinum Campanicum|Campanicum]], [[Vinum Burdigalense|Burdigalense]], [[Vinum Burgundicum|Burgundicum]] aut [[Vinum Alsaticum|Alsaticum]] inter alia) et [[Casei Francici|caseos]] ([[Caseus Roquefortensis|Roquefortensem]], [[Camembert]]i inter alios)<ref>(Anglice) «Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World», in ''trifter.com'' (inspectum die 14 Iunii anni 2010).</ref><ref>(Anglice) (en) Dave Emery, «Top 10 Most Tasty Cuisines in the World», in ''hotelclub.com'' (inspectum die 14 Iunii anni 2010).</ref>; et excellentem propter gastronomiam quae a [[saeculum 18|saeculo XVIII]] colitur.<ref name="Dumay">(Francice) Raimundi Dumay (cum praefatione Ioannis Claudii Pirotte), ''De la gastronomie française'', Lutetiae, La Table Ronde, coll. « La petite Vermillon », 2009, 211 p. (ISBN 978-2-710-33137-7).</ref> [[Fasciculus:Demi Castelviel Gabriel Coulet.jpg|thumb|Ofella [[Caseus Roquefortensis|casei Roquefortensis]], unius celeberrimos apud [[Casei Francici|caseos Francicos]].]] Coquina Francica valde varia est. Quae essentialiter constituitur regionalibus specialitatibus<ref>{{DAEL}}</ref>.<ref name="Dumay"></ref>, apud quas excellunt [[caulistrum]]<ref>Vide [https://archive.org/stream/mittelhochdeuts02ziemgoog/mittelhochdeuts02ziemgoog_djvu.txt Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch zum Handgebrauch], ubi dicitur "eingemacktes sauerkraut (caulistrum".</ref> Alsatianum (Francice ''choucroute alsacienne''), [[quiche Lotharingiensis]]<ref name="Quiche">Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum,, auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, ubi dicitur "*'''Quiche''', ''f quiche, es, f'' [2021]; ''scriblita friabilis, f'' [2002] {cibus Francogallicus} *'''~ Lorraine''', f ''quiche Lotharingiensis, f ''[2021]; ''scriblita friabilis Lotharingiensis, f'' [2002]".</ref> (Francice ''quiche lorraine''), [[rillettae]]<ref>Vocabulum e Francico ''rillettes'' mutuatum.</ref> [[Cenomanum|Cenomanenses]] (Francice ''rillettes du Mans''), [[bubula Burgundiensis]]<ref>Vocabulum e Francico ''bœuf bourguignon'' translatum.</ref> (Francice ''bœuf bourguignon''), [[ficatum]]<ref>Vide "ficatum" in [https://latin-words.com/ ''William Whitaker Latin Dictionary''].</ref> Petrocoriense <ref name="Périgord">Vide "Perigord" in [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0946a.html Lexicon Universale Hofmann].</ref> (Francice ''foie gras périgourdin''), [[olla phaseoli linguadociensis]]<ref>Vide "cassoulet" in [http://www.josephsusanka.com/adumbratio ''Adumbratio''], quamquam vox "linguadociensis" in locum vocis "Aquitanus" substituitur.</ref> (Francice ''cassoulet languedocien''), [[sampsa Narbonensis]]<ref>Vide [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapenade articulum "Tapenade" Vicipaediae Francicae in parte "Historique"]. De adiectivo "Narbonensis" vide "Provenzal" apud "''Dicionario galego-latino clásico e moderno''" auctoris Iosephi (vulgo ''Xosé'') López Díaz.</ref> (Francice ''tapenade provençale'') aut [[glomera Lugdunensia]]<ref name="Glomus">Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum,, auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo, ubi dicitur "'''Knödel''', m ''glomus, eris, n'' [vet.; GHL I,2943]; ''globulus, i, m'' [vet.; LEA p.315; KLW p.361,1; GHL I,2942]; ''globus, i, m'' [vet.; LMG p.347,2; KLW p.361,1; GHL I,2942]; ''pastillus convolutus, m'' [NLL p.211,1] {cibus}. '''Quenelles''' transfertur in Theodiscam linguam ''Knödel''.</ref> (Francice ''quenelles lyonnaises''). Veri limites culinarii designari possunt inter septemtrionem [[butyrum|butyro]] ac [[ascalonia|ascaloniā]] utentem et meridiem [[Oleum (generale)|oleo]] ac [[Allium sativum|allio]] utentem;<ref name="Dumay"></ref> interque regiones terrenā cum coquinā (sicuti [[Petrocorii|Petrocorios]]<ref name="Périgord"></ref>) et alias maritimā cum alterā (sicuti [[Comitatus Provinciae|Provinciam]]).<ref name="Dumay"></ref> Attamen, hae dissimilitudines hodie ad evanescendum pronae sunt, propter coniunctionem modorum vivendi et controversum [[Cibus promptus|cibi prompti]] impetum non minus quam modam [[globalizatio|globalizatae]] coquinae.<ref name="Dumay"></ref> Magnam praeter suam traditionem [[viticultura]]lem, Francia etiam praecipua natio [[cervesia]]e productoria est. Praecipuae [[Braxatorium|braxatoriae]] regiones in Franciā [[Alsatia]] (cum 60% nationalis fabricationis), [[Septentrio et Fretum]] et [[Lotharingia (regio Franciae recentior)|Lotharingia]] sunt. [[Coquina Francica]] anno [[2020]] in [[Patrimonium mundanum immaterialem|repraesentativum Patrimonii mundani immaterialis indicem]] ab [[Unesco]]ne inscripta est.<ref>(Francice, Anglice, Arabice, Sinice, Hispanice et Russice) ''La Liste représentative du patrimoine culturel immatériel de l’humanité s’enrichit de 46 nouveaux éléments''.</ref> [[Epulum]] praesertim e promulside, epuli capite et tragemate (quod aliquando a caseo, antea apposito, completur) consistit. Vespere, pro promulside crebro subsituitur [[potagium]] aut [[iuscellum]] (Francice ''soupe'', e quo nomen ''souper'' Francice [[cena]]e). [[Dies solis|Dominicum]] epulum elaboratius est: duae promulsides (altera frigida altera calida), assum [[bubula]]e aut [[Aves cohortales|avium cohortalium]] (vulgissime), [[acetaria]], patera caseorum et tragema. [[Prandium|Prandii]] horae e [[meridies|meridiē]] Septemtrioni et Orienti, ad primam horam Mediae Franciae et ad primam horam et dimidium Austro fluctuantur; et cenae horae e sextā decimā horā et dimidio [[Flandria Francica|Flandriae]] ad undevicesimam et dimidium Mediae Franciae et vicesimam et dimidium Austro fluctuantur. ===Artes athleticae=== [[Fasciculus:TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|thumb|[[Circuitus Franciae]] est veterrimus et inlustrissimus ex [[Circuitus Grandis (birotatio)|Circuitibus Grandibus]], et celeberrimum orbis terrarum certamen [[birotatio]]nis.<ref>[http://www.uciprotour.com/Modules/BUILTIN/getObject.asp?MenuId=MTcxNw&ObjTypeCode=FILE&type=FILE&id=34028&LangId=1 De UCI Pro-Tour]</ref>]] [[Fasciculus:France champion of the Football World Cup Russia 2018.jpg|thumb|[[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Francica|Turmae Nationalis Francicae]] [[pediludium|pedilusores]] [[15 Iulii|Idibus Iuliis]] [[Moscua]]e [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium (2018)|Certaminis mundani pedilusorii calicem anno 2018]] levabant.]] Francia antiquā lusoriā traditione et magnā superiorum disciplinarum varietate pingitur. Haec natio praecipuo munere in instruendis hodiernis artibus athleticis<ref>Fuit [[Lutetia]]e ubi convenit primus congressus olympicus anno [[1894]], dirigente Francogallicus [[Petrus de Coubertin]], qui [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympia]] revivificari decrevit.</ref> et in victorum indice fungitur, ex exeunte [[saeculum 20|saeculo XX]]. Cum [[Medalia|medaliarum]] 840 (714 [[Olympia (certamina)|aestate]], 124 [[Olympia hiemalia|hieme]]) obtentarum summā, Francia est quinta natio plurimis cum [[Olympionices|olympionicis]] in [[Olympia (certamina)|Olympiorum]] historiā. [[Ars gladii]] et [[birotatio]] disciplinae sont cum quibus Francia maxima est titulo decorata natio (cum respective Olympicis titulis 44 et 41 post [[Olympia hiemalia 2010|Olympia hiemalia anni 2010]] [[Vancuverium|Vancuverii]]).<ref>(Anglice) [https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sports-reference.com%2Folympics%2Fsports%2F «Olympic Sports»], inspectum die 20 Septembris anni 2010).</ref> [[Lutetia]] Olympia aestiva annis [[Olympia aestiva 1900|1900]] et [[Olympia aestiva 1924|1924]] recepit; et denuo ter recipiet [[Olympia aestiva 2024|2024]].<ref name="COI">(Francice, Anglice, Theodisce, Italice, Lusice, Hispanice, Sinice, Arabice, Hindice, Coreane, Russice) [https://olympics.com/fr/olympic-games «Jeux Olympiques | Jeux d'Ete et d'Hiver, Futurs et Passés»], in [[Consilium Olympicum internationale|Consilio Olympico internationali]], Idibus Septembribus anni 2017 (inspectum die 27 Maii anni 2022).</ref> Francia etiam [[Olympia hiemalia]] ter accepit: [[Campus Munitus|Campi Muniti]] anno [[Olympia hiemalia 1924|1924]], [[Gratianopolis|Gratianopoli]] anno [[1968 Olympia Hiemalia|1968]] et [[Oblimum|Oblimi]] anno [[Olympia hiemalia 1992|1992]].<ref name="COI"></ref> Alias apud insignes honores, Francia [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium]] bis, [[Certamen Calicis Davis|Certamen Calicem Davis]] decies et quoque [[Certamen 6 Nationum]] vicibus 25 obtinuit. Secundum Ministerium Artium Athleticarum (Francice ''Ministère des Sports''), anno [[2010]], 69% hominum amplius annos quindecim natorum artem athleticam saltem semel per hebdomadem in Franciā exercebant. [[Ambulatio]], [[natatio]] et [[birotatio]] praecipuae declaratae activitates physicae erant. Anno [[2016]], Francicarum consociationum athleticarum summa 16 102 957 adscriptos habebat, e quibus 37,5% [[femina]]e erant. Anno [[2017]], exercitatissimas apud artes athleticas in Franciā erant: [[pediludium]] (cum 2 135 193 adscriptorum, e quibus 5,7 % feminae), [[teniludus]] (cum 1 052 127 adscriptorum, e quibus 29,1 % feminae), [[equitatio]] (cum 673 026 adscriptorum, e quibus 82,9 % feminae), [[iudo]] (cum 552 815 adscriptorum, e quibus 26,7 % feminae), [[canistriludium]] (cum 513 727 adscriptorum, e quibus 36 % feminae), [[manufollium]] (cum 513 194 adscriptorum, e quibus 35,8 % feminae) et [[pilamalleus]] (cum 407 569 adscriptorum, e quibus 27,8 % feminae).<ref>(Francice) Institutum nationale iuventutis et educationis popularis, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20221008034828/https://www.sports.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/chiffres_cles_du_sport_2017.pdf Les chiffres-clés du sport, Ministère de la Ville, de la Jeunesse et des Sports]'', Martio anni 2017, 15 p.).</ref> Paene septem [[millio]]nes Francorum [[nartatio]]nem singulis hiemibus exercent, creberrime extra quidvis institutum athleticum.<ref>(Francice) [https://www.linternaute.com/sport/pratique/1094502-les-sports-qui-comptent-le-plus-de-licencies/1094504-badminton «no 19: le ski»], in ''linternaute.com'', Septembre anni 2008 (inspectum 29 Maii anni 2022).</ref> Francica area nartatoria anno [[2015]] area frequentatissima in toto orbe terrarum erat, post eas [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] et [[Austria]]e.<ref>[«Ski: la France championne du monde» ], in ''[[Le Figaro]]'', die 23 Septembris anni 2015 (inspectum 29 Maii anni 2022).</ref> Anno [[2013]], impensa nationalis artibus athleticis e 38,1 [[Milliardum|milliardis]] [[euro]]num consistebat, quorum dimidium erat administrationis publicae curā, scilicet 1,8% e [[PDG]]. Anno [[2015]], privata artium athleticarum pars in Franciā 124 286 [[opifex|opificum]] conducebat. Quotannis, Ministerium artium athleticarum circiter 12 000 diplomatum athleticorum expedit, e quibus paene 8 000 [[Brevetum professionale iuventutis, educationis popularis et artium athleticarum|breveta professionale iuventutis, educationis popularis et artium athleticarum]] (Francice ''brevet professionnel de la jeunesse, de l'éducation populaire et du sport'' seu ''BP JEPS'') sunt.<ref name="Natura">(Francice) «Chiffres clés», in ''Natura 2000'' (inspectum die 6 Iunii anni 2018).</ref> [[Certamen tenilusorium Rolandi Garros|Certamen tenilusorium internationale Rolandi Garros]], [[Lutetia]]e, et [[Circuitus Franciae]] [[Birotatio|birotarius]] sunt anniversarii ponderis eventūs, sicuti contingentes eventūs ut [[Campionatus pedilusorius Europaeus]] anni [[2016]]. Francia quoque magis magisque [[disportus electronicus|disportū electronico]] commovetur. Anno [[2016]], secundum [[Manuel Valls|Manuelis Valls]] gubernium consociationem France Esports creavit. Anno [[2018]], quinque [[millio]]nes Francogallorum saltem unum disportūs electronici certamen iam spectaverant et 930 000 iam participaverant.<ref>(Francice) [https://www.lefigaro.fr/medias/2018/09/26/20004-20180926ARTFIG00292-5-millions-de-francais-regardent-des-competitions-d-e-sport.php «5 millions de Français regardent des compétitions d'e-sport»], apud ''[[Le Figaro]]'', die 26 Septembris anni 2018 (inspectum pridie Nonas Iulias anni 2022).</ref> Franciae est una operosissimas apud disportūs electronici organizationes in totā Europā et in toto orbe terrarum, consociatio [[Team Vitality]]. Praeter [[Vexillum Franciae|vexilli]] colores, foederationes disportivae Francogallicae etiam [[gallus|gallo]] utuntur sicut symbolo, quamquam publicum symbolum non est.<ref>(Francice) [https://www.elysee.fr/la-presidence/le-coq «Le coq»], in sitū interretiali [[Palatium Elysii|Elysii]] (inspectum pridie Nonas Iulias anni 2022).</ref> ===Feriae et dies festi=== Index dierum festorum, qui totā in Franciā celebrantur. {| class="wikitable zebra" |- | 1 Ianuarii || Primus incipientis anni dies (Francice ''Jour de l’An''). |- | [[Pascha (festum Christianum)|Feria secunda Paschae]] || (Francice ''Lundi de Pâques''). |- | 1 Maii || [[Dies Laboris]] (Francice ''Fête du travail''). |- | 8 Maii || Dies victoriae (Francice ''Fête de la Victoire''), deditio Germaniae Nazisticae anno 1945 subscripta. |- | [[Ascensio Domini]] || (Francice ''Jour de l’Ascension''). |- | [[Pentecostes|Feria Secunda Pentecostes]] || (Francice ''Lundi de Pentecôte''). |- | 14 Iulii || Dies festus nationis (Francice ''Fête nationale'') vel dies festus foederationis (Francice ''Fête de la fédération''), quo impetus in [[Bastilia|Bastiliam]] carcerem anno [[1789]] memoratur. |- | 15 Augusti || [[Assumptio Beatae Mariae Virginis]] (Francice ''Assomption''). |- | 1 Novembris || [[Sollemnitas Omnium Sanctorum]] (Francice ''Toussaint''). |- | 11 Novembris || Indutiae (Francice ''Armistice'') anno 1918 ad [[Compendium]] initae, quibus [[Primum bellum mundanum]] confectum est |- | 25 Decembris || [[Christi Natalis]] (Francice ''Noël'') |} === Homines praeclari === {{Vide-etiam|Reges praesidentesque Franciae}} ==== Sancti notabiles ==== {{div col|2}} * [[Catharina Labouré]] * [[Franciscus Salesius]] * [[Genovefa Nemetodurensis]] * [[Ioanna Arcensis]] * [[Ludovicus IX (rex Francorum)|Ludovicus IX]] rex * [[Ioannes Maria Vianney]] * [[Remigius]] * [[Sancta Bernadetta Lapurdensis|Bernadetta]] * [[Sancta Clotildis]] Regina * [[Teresia Lexoviensis]] * [[Vincentius a Paulo]] {{div col end}} ==== Alii ==== {{div col|2}} * [[Alexander Dumas (pater)]] * [[Catharina Medices]], [[regina]] * [[Michael Nostradamus]] * [[Maria Antonia Austriaca]], regina * <!--[[Elisabeth Comitissa Parisiorum]], Princeps Brasiliae, ex domu Brigantiensi--> * [[Carolus de Gaulle]], praeses * [[Ioanna Moreau]], [[actrix]] * [[Editha Piaf]], [[cantrix]] {{div col end}} ==== Marianna ==== [[Fasciculus:MariannedeTheodoreDoriot.JPG|thumb|Mariannae effigies a Theodoro Doriot sculpta et in Senatū exposita.]] [[Marianna]] ([[Francice]] ''Marianne''), [[allegoria|allegorica]] [[libertas|libertatis]] figura, est una ex nonnullis Reipublicae Francicae [[imago|imaginibus]] notissimis. ==Codices== Franciae hi codices sunt: * LF, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur|catalogum praefixorum codicum aëroportuum quibus ICAO utitur]]; * F, secundum [[Catalogus codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti|catalogum codicum internationalium notaculi autocineti]]; * F, secundum [[Catalogus praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur|catalogum praefixorum codicum notaculi aëronavium quibus ICAO utitur]]; * F, secundum catalogum codicum praefixorum [[Unio Internationalis Telecommunicationis|UIT]]; * FR, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum nationum), codicem alpha-2; * FRA, secundum normam [[ISO 3166-1]] (catalogi codicum nationum), codicem alpha-3; * FRA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis|catalogum codicum nationum Consilii Olympici Internationalis]]; * .fr, secundum [[Dominium summum|dominium interretiale]]; * FR, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-2; * FRA, secundum [[Catalogus codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur|catalogum codicum nationum quibus OTAN utitur]], codicem alpha-3. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} * [[Circuitus Franciae]] * ''[[Commentarii de Bello Gallico]]'' * [[Franci]] et [[Septimania]] Visigothica * [[Gallia Belgica]] * [[Gallia Lugdunensis]] * [[Gallia Narbonensis]] * [[Index historicus praefecturarum Franciae]] * [[Libera Francia]] * [[Prima Respublica Francica]] * [[Reges Franciae]] {{div col end}} == Bibliographia == * Casali, Dimitri, et Christophe Beyeler. [[2012]]. ''L'Histoire de France vue par les peintres.'' Lutetiae: Flammarion. ISBN 978-2-08-127981-0. * Haensch, Günther, et Hans J. Tümmers. [[1993]]. ''Frankreich: Politik, Gesellschaft, Wirtschaft.'' Monaci. ISBN 3-406-37491-3. * Lugge, Margret. [[1960]]. ''"Gallia" et "Francia" im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über den Zusammengang zwischen geographisch-historischer Terminologie und politischem Denken vom 6.-15. Jahrhundert.'' Bonnae. * Masson, Ioannes Papirius. [[1618]]. ''Descriptio fluminum Galliae, qua Francia est.'' Lutetiae: Quesnel. [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1020102 Textus,] gallica.bnf.fr. * Price, Roger. [[2014]]. ''A Concise History of France.'' Cantabridgiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01782-5. * Robb, Graham. [[2007]]. ''The Discovery of France: A Historical Geography from the Revolution to the First World War.'' Novi Eboraci: Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-05973-1. * Sévillia, Jean. [[2013]]. ''Histoire passionnée de la France.'' Lutetiae: 2013. ISBN 978-2-262-04107-6. * Sloterdijk, Peter. [[2013]]. ''Mein Frankreich.'' Berolini: Suhrkamp. ISBN 978-3-518-46297-3. == Nexus externi == * (Variis linguis) [https://www.france.fr/fr Situs interretialis publicus Franciae]. * (Francice) [https://www.gouvernement.fr/ Situs interretialis Gubernii Franciae]. {{CommuniaCat|France|Franciam}} {{Grc|Γαλλία}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Europa}} {{Unio Europaea}} {{Capsae collectae|Francia|politica|{{Praesides Franciae}}{{Primi ministri Franciae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Francici 1959–}}{{Ministri Francici Borne}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Francia|geographica|{{Provinciae Franciae recentiores}}{{Praefecturae Franciae}}{{Capita praefecturarum Franciae}}}} {{Capsae collectae|Francia|historica|{{Reges Francorum}}{{Principes Franciae 1799–1946}}{{Praesides consilii Franciae}}{{Ministri rerum externarum Francici 1870–1959}}{{Provinciae Franciae antiquiores}}}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Civitates sociae Unionis Europaeae]] [[Categoria:Civitates sui iuris]] [[Categoria:Europa Occidentalis]] [[Categoria:Francia|!]] [[Categoria:Respublicae]] (1K) 67ah4006b9n12ax6mf0mhjp0xmz733x 0 6261 3962606 3849140 2026-05-30T12:21:23Z LilyKitty 18316 de supplicio vivi cremations 3962606 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Maison de Jeanne a Doremy.jpg|thumb|Domus, in qua Ioanna nata est.]] '''Ioanna Arcensis'''<ref>''Acta Apostolicae Sedis''. Commentarium officiale, annus XIV, volumen XIV (Romae 1922) p. 185 (inscriptio litterae LII); [http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2007/nuntius2.php?id=170 ''Ephemeris'' 2007]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130904140016/http://www.radiobremen.de/nachrichten/latein/latein/nuntiilatinimaii108.html Nuntii Latini mensis Maii 2013 (nuntii Bremenses)].</ref><ref>"Ioanna de Arc": [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xv/bulls/documents/hf_ben-xv_bulls_19200516_divina-disponente_lt.html Divina Disponente (1920)].</ref> ([[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]] ''Jeanne d'Arc''; anno [[1412]] nata; die [[30 Maii]] [[1431]] necata), nata [[Domnum Remigium|Domni Remigii]] in [[Lotharingia]], [[sancta]], [[agnomen|agnomine]] '''puella Aurelianensis'''<ref>"Callistus iudicium Puellae Aurelianensis iussit retractari" {{Google Books|gUxRtDZ6pfwC|p. 12}}; Francogallice ''La Pucelle d'Orléans''</ref><ref>"Ioannae puellae Lotaringae" (cas. gen.): {{qc|id=Knobelsdorf (1543)}} [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k710448/f43 p. 42]</ref> est [[persona]] magni momenti in [[historia]] [[Francia|Francicae]] et [[Anglia|Anglicae]]. Quae piissima omni [[dominica]] ire solebat, ut in [[templum|templo]] [[Bermons|Bermontis]] apud [[urbs|urbem]] [[Greux]] oraret. Per [[Bellum Centum Annorum]], Francicas copias in [[Anglia|Anglicos]] duxit, sed tandem capta et [[haeresis|haeresiae]] accusata ad ultimum [[vivi crematio|supplicium]] missa est. == Religio == [[Fasciculus:Rouen, Tour Jeanne d'Arc, Historical Marker.jpg|thumb|Tabula in Turri Ioannae Arcensis, [[Rothomagus|Rothomagi]]. Inscriptio Francogallica Latine sibi vult: "Die 10 mensis Novembris 1449, passa fortiter obsidionem sex mensium (inter die 29 Iulii 1418 et die 19 Ianuarii 1419), et occupationem 30 annorum, in quo tempore Ioanna de Arc viva igni concremata est, die 30 Maii 1431), urbs [[Rotomagus]] liberata regem [[Carolus VII (rex Franciae)|Carolum VII]] gaudens accipit."]] [[Fasciculus:Lettre de Jeanne d'Arc aux Riomois.JPG|thumb|Epistula ab Ioanna scripta populo urbis Ricomagi ([[Arvernia]]): subsidium ad bellum gerendum poscit.]] [[Fasciculus:Cheval de la façade du Sacré Coeur.JPG|thumb|Pro [[Basilica Sacratissimi Cordis Iesu]] [[Lutetia]]e, Ioanna in [[equus|equo]] sedens pugnat.]] In canone a [[Benedictus XV|Benedicto XV]] anno [[1920]] inscripta est. Sunt templa [[Rotomagus|Rotomagi]], [[Lutetia]]e, [[Nova Aurelia|Novae Aureliae]], et in aliis urbibus Ioannae consecrata. == Vita == {{Pars vicificanda}} Ioanna nata est in oppido [[Domnum Remigium|Domno Remigio]] , in finibus Franciae et [[Lotharingia]]e. Genitores agricolae et pastores divites fuerunt, noti omnibus boni Christiani. Educata est in fide christiana catholica, praesertim in via Franciscana. Ab infantia, caritatem et beneficia pauperrimis, infirmis et patientibus praebuit, etiam in bello. Puella tredecim annorum vocationem audivit Michaelis [[archangelus|archangeli]] se admonentis, itaque se ab Iesu credidit vocari ut nationem suam liberaret. Vovit virginitatem perpetuam. Oravit saepe, ad communionem venit quotidie, frequenter confessa est. Vinculum inter vocationem publicam religiosamque est. Anno 1429, Ioanna patriam coepit liberare. Multi testes describunt puellam 17 annorum esse, ingenio forti, firmo, apto ad convincendos vires{{dubsig}} ambiguos et sine virtute. Obstacula vincens, obviam venit Delphino Franciae, futuro regi [[Carolus VII (rex Francorum)|Carolo VII]], in urbe [[Chinonium|Chinonio]]. Examinata est a theologis Universitatis. Dixerunt eam bonam christianam esse. Die 22 Martio 1429, Chartam praecipuam dictavit regi Anglorum, et militibus qui civitatem Aurelianensem obsederunt, ut abirent. Anglis denegantibus, Ioanna liberavit die 8 Maii urbem obsessam. Carolus VII [[Durocortorum|Remis]] in [[Ecclesia cathedralis Remensis|cathedrali]] rex consecratus est. Postea, Ioanna inter milites.vixit Sunt multi testes eius bonitatis, virtutis castitatisque. Nuncupata est "puella" ab omnibus itemque ipsa. Die [[23 Maii]] [[1430]], ab hostibus capta est. Ducta est [[Rothomagus|Rothomagum]] die [[23 Decembris]]. Ibi stetit actio in eam, quae coepit mense Februario 1431 et confecta est die 30 Maii damnatione ad rogum. Magna et solemnis actio fuit, praesidentibus iudicibus ecclesiae, episcopo [[Petrus Cauchonus|Petro Cauchono]], et [[inquisitio|inquisitore]] [[Ioannes Magistri|Ioanne Magistri]].<ref>Fons nominum {{Google Books|1QBpIHKTzbYC|pp. 1-2}}</ref> Re vera, tribunal ab assessoribus [[Universitas Parisiensis|Universitatis Lutetiensis]], [[theologus|theologis]], imperatum est. Fuerunt clerici Galli, oppositi Ioannae de bello. Iudicium improbum de ea habuerunt et de eius missione. Ioanna accusata est [[haeresis|haereseos]], [[idololatria]]e, et aliorum scelerum [[religio]]sorum. Iudices innocentiam eius non agnoverunt. Ipsa appellavit summum pontificem die 24 Maii, sed tribunal recusavit. In [[carcer]]e, mane communionem [[eucharistia|eucharisticam]] accepit, die [[30 Maii]], antequam ad supplicium ducta est in foro vetere (''place du vieux Marché'') sibi subeundum. Rogavit ut morienti crucem videre sibi liceret. Mortua est pronuntians voce clara nomen [[Iesus]], multis testificantibus. == Mythistoriae, tragoediae carminaque de Ioanna scripta == * ''La Pucelle,'' opus a [[Voltarius|Voltario]] * ''Die Jungfrau von Orleans,'' [[ludus scaenicus]] a [[Fridericus Schiller|Friderico Schiller]] * ''Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc'' a [[Mark Twain]] * ''[[Giovanna d'Arco]]'' [[cantata]] a [[Ioachimus Rossini|Ioachimo Rossini]] scripta * ''[[Giovanna d'Arco (opus lyricum)|Giovanna d'Arco]]'' [[opera]] a [[Iosephus Verdi|Iosepho Verdi]] scriptum secundum [[Temistoclis Solera]] libellum * ''Saint Joan'' [[fabula scaenica]] [[Georgius Bernardus Shavius|Georgii Bernardi Shaw]] * ''Le Mystère de la charité de Jeanne d'Arc'' [[Carolus Peguy|Caroli Péguy]] * ''Jeanne relapse et sainte,'' ludus scaenicus [[Georgius Bernanos|Georgii Bernanos]] * ''Jeanne au bûcher'' opera ab [[Arthurus Honegger|Arthuro Honegger]] scriptum secundum libellum [[Paulus Claudel|Pauli Claudel]] * ''L'Alouette,'' ludus scaenicus [[Ioannes Anouilh|Ioannis Anouilh]] * [[Bertoldus Brecht]], ''Der Prozeß der Jeanne d'Arc zu Rouen 1431 nach dem Hörspiel von [[Anna Seghers]]'' ("Causa Ionnnae Arcensis [[Rhotomagus|Rhotomagi]] tractata sequens drama radiophonicum Annae Seghers") Brecht alia duo dramata de feminis pro sententiis animorum suorum pugnantibus conscripsit, quorum alterum est * [[Bertoldus Brecht]], ''Die heilige Johanna der Schlachthöfe'' ("Sancta Ioanna [[officina|officinarum]] [[carnifex|carnificum]]"), quod de [[pugna classium]] temporibus discriminis oeconomiae mundani agitur, alterum * [[Bertoldus Brecht]], ''Die Gesichte der Simone Machard'' ("Visiones Simonis Machard"), quae puella somniis, in quibus Ioanna Arcensis ei apparet, temporibus [[Bellum mundanum secundum|Belli mundani secundi]] ad resistendum contra copias Germanicorum Franciam occupantes movetur. == Pelliculae de Ioanna == Ioanna de Arc in multas apparuit. * [[1898]] : ''Jeanne d'Arc'', brevis [[pellicula muta]] [[Georgius Hatot|Georgii Hatot]] * [[1899]] : ''[[Jeanne d’Arc (1899 pellicula)|Jean d'Arc]],'' [[Georgius Méliès]] * [[1899]] : ''Domrémy'', breve opus [[Fratres Lumière|Fratrum Lumière]] * [[1916]] : ''[[Jeanne d'Arc (pellicula, 1917)|Jeanne d'Arc]]'', pellicula muta [[Caecilius Blount DeMille|Caecili B. De Mille]] * [[1928]] : ''[[La Passion de Jeanne d'Arc]]'' [[Carolus Theodorus Dreyer|Caroli Theodori Dreyer]], cum [[Renée Falconetti]]; ex [[mythistoria]] ''Jeanne d'Arc'' [[Iosephus Delteil|Iosephi Delteil]] * [[1929]] : ''[[La Merveilleuse Vie de Jeanne d'Arc, fille de Lorraine]]'' [[Marcus de Gastyne|Marci de Gastyne]], cum [[Simone Genevois]] * [[1935]] : ''Das Mädchen Johanna'' [[Gustavus Ucicky|Gustavi Ucicky]] * [[1948]] : ''[[Jeanne d'Arc (pellicula, 1948)|Jeanne d'Arc]]'' [[Victor Fleming|Victoris Fleming]], cum [[Ingrid Bergman]] * [[1953]] : ''Destinées'' [[Ioannes Delannoy|Ioannis Delannoy]], cum [[Michaela Morgan]] * [[1954]] : ''[[Jeanne au bûcher (pellicula)|Jeanne au bûcher]]'' [[Robertus Rossellini|Roberti Rossellini]], cum [[Ingrid Bergman]] * [[1957]] : ''[[Sainte Jeanne (pellicula, 1957)|Sainte Jeanne]]'' [[Otto Preminger|Ottonis Preminger]], cum [[Ioanna Seberg]] * [[1962]] : ''[[Procès de Jeanne d'Arc]]'' [[Robertus Bresson|Roberti Bresson]], cum [[Florentia Delay]] * [[1989]] : ''[[Jeanne d'Arc, le pouvoir de l'innocence]]'' [[Petrus Badel|Petri Badel]], ex libro [[Petrus Moinot|Petri Moinot]] ([[televisio]]) * [[1994]] : ''[[Jeanne la Pucelle (pellicula, 1994)|Jeanne la Pucelle]]'' [[Ioannes Rivette|Ioannis Rivette]], cum [[Sandrina Bonnaire]]; duabus aetatibus: ''les Batailles'' et ''les Prisons'' * [[1999]] : ''[[Jeanne d'Arc (pellicula, 1999)|Jeanne d'Arc]]'' [[Lucas Besson|Lucae Besson]], cum [[Milla Jovovich]], [[Ioannes Malkovich|Ioanne Malkovich]], et [[Dustinus Hoffman|Dustino Hoffman]] * [[1999]] : ''[[Jeanne d'Arc (pellicula televisifica, 1999)|Jeanne d'Arc]]'' Christiani Duguay, cum [[Leelee Sobieski]] (televisio) * [[2011]] : ''[[Jeanne captive]]'' [[Philippus Ramos|Philippi Ramos]] cum [[Clementia Poésy]] == In pittaciis cursualibus Francicis == * [[1929]] : pittacium cursuale 50 centimes<!-- bleu est émis à l'occasion du 5{{e}} centenaire de la délivrance d'[[Orléans]]. Jeanne y est représentée à cheval.--> * [[1946]] : pittacium cursuale 5 f surtaxé 4 f<!-- outremer appartient à la série "Célébrités du {{s-|XV|e}}. Ce timbre [[grand format]] est un portrait.--> * [[1968]] : pittacium cursuale 30 centimes surtaxé 10 centimes<!-- brun et violet, elle est représentée pour illustrer l'œuvre de [[Paul Claudel]] [[Jeanne au bûcher]], sujet principal dont on célébrait le centenaire de sa naissance.--> * [[1968]] : principalis res pittacia cursualia 60 centimes<!-- gris-bleu, bleu et brun pour représenter le départ de [[Vaucouleurs (Meuse)|Vaucouleurs]] en [[1429]]. Ce timbre fait partie de la série Grands noms de l'Histoire.--><ref>Catalogues Yvert et Tellier, Tome 1.</ref>. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones fontium * Dunand, Philippe-Henri, ed. 1911. ''La premiére histoire en date de Jeanne d'Arc (1625-1630) : histoire de la Pucelle d'Orléans''. Lutetiae: Desclée, de Brouwer. [https://archive.org/details/lapremirehisto02rich Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Schirmer-Imhoff, Ruth, ed. 2001. ''Der Prozeß Jeanne d’Arc. Akten und Protokolle 1431–1456.'' dtv 30202, München. ISBN 3-423-30202-X. ; Fontes antiquiores * 1543 : {{ec|id=Knobelsdorf (1543)|c= [[Eustathius a Knobelsdorf]], ''Lutetiae Parisiorum descriptio'' (Parisiis, 1543) [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k710448/f43 pp. 42-49] }} ; Historica et biographica * [[Coletta Beaune|Beaune, Colette]]. 2004. ''Jeanne d'Arc.'' Lutetiae: Perrin. * Bogliolo, Giovanni. 2000. ''Giovanna d'Arco.'' Milano, RCS Libri. ISBN 88-17-25897-0 * Cardini, Franco. 1999. ''Giovanna d'Arco. La vergine guerriera.'' Milano, Mondadori. ISBN 88-04-46471-2 * Contamine, Philippe, ed. 2012. ''Jeanne d'Arc, histoire et dictionnaire'', Robert Laffont, Collection Bouquins. * Cremisi, Teresa, ed. 2000. ''Il processo di condanna di Giovanna d'Arco.'' Milano, SE. ISBN 88-7710-482-1 * Meltzer, Francoise 2001. ''For Fear of the Fire: Joan of Arc and the Limits of Subjectivity.'' Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-51982-1. OCLC 46240234. * [[Regina Pernoud|Pernoud, Régine]]. 1981. ''Jeanne d'Arc'', Presses universitaires de France, 1981, coll. « Que sais-je ? » * Pernoud, Régine, et Marie-Véronique Clin. 1986. ''Jeanne d'Arc'', Librairie Arthème Fayard. * Thomas, Heinz. 2000. ''Jeanne d’Arc. Jungfrau und Tochter Gottes.'' Fest, Berlin. ISBN 3-8286-0065-4. ; De fortuna * Beaune, Colette. 2008. ''Jeanne d'Arc. Vérités et légendes.'' Lutetiae: Perrin. ISBN 978-2-262-02951-7. * Heimann, Nora. 2005. ''Joan of Arc in French Art and Culture (1700–1855): From Satire to Sanctity.'' Aldershot: Ashgate. ISBN 0-7546-5085-5. * Heimann, Nora, et Coyle, Laura. 2006. ''Joan of Arc: Her Image in France and America.'' Vasingtoniae: Corcoran Gallery of Art. ISBN 1-904832-19-9. * Krumeich, Gerd. 1986. ''Jeanne d’Arc in der Geschichte. Historiographie - Politik - Kultur.'' Thorbecke, Sigmaringen, ISBN 3-7995-7319-4. * Maurice, Jean, et Daniel Couty, edd. 2000. ''Images de Jeanne d'Arc'' - Actes du colloque de Rouen, 25-26-27 mai 1999, Lutetiae: Presses Universitaires de France. * Steinbach, Hartmut. 1973. ''Jeanne d’Arc. Wirklichkeit und Legende.'' Musterschmidt, Göttingen. ISBN 3-7881-0078-8. {{Historia Franciae}} {{NexInt}} * [[Ioannes (comes Dunensis)]] == Nexus externi == {{Communia|Jeanne d'Arc|Ioannam Arcensem}} {{Vicifons|Scriptor:Ioanna de Arc|Ioannam Arcensem}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [http://archive.joan-of-arc.org/ Archivum Ioannae de Arc] * [http://www.jehanne-darc.com/ International Jeanne d'Arc Centre, biographia et investigationes,] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080705111626/http://jeanne-la-pucelle.ifrance.com/ Jeanne-la-Pucelle,] * [http://journal-joan-of-arc-studies.org/ ''Journal of Joan of Arc Studies,''] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110129034324/http://www.jeannedarc.com.fr/centre/centre.htm Le Centre Jeanne d'Arc, service culturel de la Mairie d'Orléans] {{ling|Francogallice}} * Litterae decretales [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xv/bulls/documents/hf_ben-xv_bulls_19200516_divina-disponente_lt.html ''Divina disponente''] [[Benedictus XV|Benedicti Papae XV]] die [[16 Maii]] [[1920]] iussae {{1000 paginae}} {{Lifetime|1412|1431|Ioanna Arcensis}} [[Categoria:Ioanna Arcensis|!]] [[Categoria:Incolae Franciae]] [[Categoria:Incolae Lotharingiae]] [[Categoria:Mulieres]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] [[Categoria:Sancti militares]] [[Categoria:Carolus VII (rex Francorum)]] {{Myrias|Homines}} bggrus7khhs48gbw9rdz1e5w4v7qw1w 0 12142 3962763 3935593 2026-05-31T09:35:40Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Alia forma Latina apud Ephemeridem 3962763 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:Samurai.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|Samuraeus armatus, [[Decennium 187|decennio 187]]. Imago color a [[Felix Beato|Felice Beato]] facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Satsuma-samurai-during-boshin-war-period.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Samuraei gregis ''Satsuma'', per tempus [[Bellum Boshin|Bellum ''Boshin'']], circa annum [[1867]]. [[Imago]] color a [[Felix Beato|Felice Beato]] facta.]] '''Samuraeus'''<ref name=NSLO>[[Ebbe Vilborg]]. ''Norstedts svensk-latinska ordbok''. Editio secunda anni 2009. Verbum "samuraeus" moderne creatus est, et cum litteram minusculam incipio scribitur.</ref> (-i, ''m''), seu '''samuraus''',<ref>''Acta Apostolicae Sedis'', vol. XCIX, n.7 (Civitatis Vaticanae, 6 Iulii 2007): 628-631 [https://www.vatican.va/archive/aas/documents/2007/luglio%202007.pdf].</ref> vel '''samuraius'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/cultus.php?id=313|title=GLADII SAMURAIORUM - IAPONUM KTHMA EΣ AIEI|last1=Lubbadeh|first1=Ioannes|year=|website=Ephemeris|date=7 Iulii [[2008]]|first2=Nicolaus|last2=Groß}}. "Liber xylographematîs instructus, in quo narratur fabula 47 Rôninorum. Haec fabula etiam hodie Iaponibus est gratissima – quae exemplo est '''Samuraiorum''' fide sine condicione praestandâ."</ref> ([[Iaponice]] 侍, ''samurai'' '[[servus]]'), est [[eques]] [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]]. Samuraei comparuerunt ex [[saeculum 8|saeculo octavo]] in Lege Taihō (701, Iaponice 大宝律令 ''Taihō-ritsuryō'') servi civiles, ab eo qui nomen "samuraeus" comparabit. Samuraeus imperitabant Iaponiam a [[saeculum 12|saeculo duodecimo]] (surrectio Minamotoerum) ad [[saeculum 19|undevicensimum]] (defluxtio{{dubsig}} [[Tokugawa Bakufu|Tokugawarum]]). Samuraeus saepe [[seppuku]] fecerunt dum re adversae vel culpa fatali. {{NexInt}} * [[Bushido]] - doctrina samuraeorum sive ''bushi'' * [[Daimyo]] - dux samuraeorum * ''[[Ninja]]'' * ''[[Sumo (colluctatio)|Sumo]]'' * [[Xogun]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Samurai|samuraeum}} {{hist-stipula}} [[Categoria:Res militares Iaponiae]] [[Categoria:Tituli militares]] [[Categoria:Verba Iaponica]] {{Myrias|Historia}} 7ikd3dn52rj8oekiu5712peiatm8udm 4 13344 3962737 3953856 2026-05-31T03:53:04Z Amansrisus 210245 3962737 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa paginae|Haec est '''praefatio''' qua mores Vicipaedianos cognoscere potes. Memento: Si qua de re dubitas, te hortamur, ut statim '''[[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Tabernam]]''' vel '''[[Vicipaedia:Legatio|Legationem]]''' adiens auxilium petas.}} {| width="100%" | style="vertical-align: top" | {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = Editio | corpus = *[[Vicipaedia:Usores|De usoribus]] *[[Vicipaedia:De recensendo|De recensendo]] *[[Vicipaedia:De orthographia|De orthographia]] *[[Vicipaedia:Categoria|De categoriis]] *[[Vicipaedia:Fons|Usus fontium]] *[[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae|Structura paginae]] *[[Vicipaedia:Orthographia mensurarum|Orthographia mensurarum]] *[[Vicipaedia:Biographia|Biographia]] *[[Vicipaedia:Index formularum Vicipaediae Latinae|Index formularum]] *[[Vicipaedia:Hierarchia Paginarum|Hierarchia paginarum]] }} {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = Latinitas | corpus = *[[Vicipaedia:De Latinitate|De Latinitate]] *[[Vicipaedia:De nominibus propriis|De nominibus propriis]] *[[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere|Noli fingere!]] *[[Vicipaedia:A est B|A est B]] }} {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = Adiuva! | corpus = *[[Vicipaedia:FAQ|Quaestiones frequenter rogatae]] *[[Vicipaedia:Taberna|Taberna nostra]] *[[Vicipaedia:Legatio|Legatio nostra]] *[[Vicipaedia:Magistratus|Magistratus]] *[[Vicipaedia:Tutela|Tutela Vicipaediae]] *[[Vicipaedia:Harenarium|Harenarium]] – ad experiendum *[[Vicipaedia:Translatio hebdomadalis|Translatio hebdomadalis]] }} | style="vertical-align: top; border-left:1px solid #bebebe; padding: 0 .4em 0 .4em;" | {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = Ops et nexus usoribus novis | corpus = <p style="text-align: center">{{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/de|Deutsch]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/en|English]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/es|Español]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ru|Русский]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/no|Norsk]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ro|Română]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/tl|Tagalog]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/eo|Esperanto]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/it|Italiano]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ca|Català]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ia|Interlingua]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/sv|Svenska]]}} {{Buto|[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ltg|Latgaļu]]}}</p> # [[Vicipaedia:Index]] # [[Vicipaedia:Legatio nostra]] # [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] - Aerumnas inquisitionesque tuas huc mitte. # Lege [[:en:Wikipedia:Welcome, newcomers|Salvete, usores novi]]. # Lege [[:en:Wikipedia:First steps|passus primos]]. # Conventum tuum perscribe aperique ut emendationes facias sine nomine dando. # Cum tildibus 4 nomen tuum scribe in paginis disputationum (noli in paginis ipsis) (i. e. <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>, vide [[Vicipaedia:Subscriptio]]). # [[Vicipaedia:De recensendo]] # Noli litteram J / j scribere. (Vide [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia]].) # Noli digrapha sicut Æ, æ, Œ, aut œ scribere. (Vide [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia]].) # Annos in paginis scribendo numeris Arabicis utere, noli uti numeris Romanis. (Vide [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia]].) # Categorias vide apud [[:Categoria:Omnia|Categorias:Omnia]]. # Categorias nomina hoc modo: <code><nowiki>[[Categoria:xxxxx]]</nowiki></code>. Plus quam una categoria potest uni paginae inscribi. # Utere <code><nowiki>{{delenda}}</nowiki></code> si tua sententia pagina delenda est ab administratore. # Utere <code><nowiki>{{maxcorrigenda}}</nowiki></code> si putas paginam tuam ope egere. (Vide [[Vicipaedia:De Latinitate]]). # Utentes alios pete apud [[:Categoria:Usores lingua digesti|Categoriam:Usores lingua digesti]]. # [[Usor:Iustinus/Translator's Guide | Ductor convertendi noster Iustinus administrator]] # [[Vicipaedia:Glossarium]] # [[Vicipaedia:Lexica Latina interretialia]] # [[Lexica Neolatina]] # [[:Categoria:Fontes Vicipaediae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Fontes nominum locorum]] # Adde (internos) nexus paginis quae nexu carent (vide [[{{#special:Deadendpages}}]]). # Difficilius: Nexus ab aliis paginis ad [[{{#special:Lonelypages}}]] (fortasse utens <code><nowiki>==Vide etiam==</nowiki></code>) # Vide [[Vicipaedia:Tituli petiti]] si paginam nondum scriptam requiris. # [[Vicipaedia:Index formularum Vicipaediae Latinae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Nexus desiderati]] et [[Formula:Nexus desiderati]] # [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Numeri Romani]] # [[Vicipaedia:Categoriae et paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:FAQ]] # [[Vicipaedia:A est B]] }} | style="vertical-align: top; border-left:1px solid #bebebe; padding: 0 .4em 0 .4em;" | {{Capsa opum et commendationum Vicipaediae}} |} [[Categoria:Consilia Vicipaediana]] [[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues]] 7wueyrmhu7big1mo8jfuxltgqkhlzjy 0 16778 3962692 3961825 2026-05-30T17:28:17Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Deus Caritas Est]] ad [[Deus caritas est]]: no cap 3961825 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Deus caritas est}} [[incipit]] [[encyclicae|encyclica epistula]] prima quam scripsit [[Papa]] [[Benedictus XVI]] in sua lingua materna, [[Theodisca]], circa annum Domini [[2005]]. Encyclica recogitat diversitates et proximitates ''[[eros|eri]]'' ''[[agape]]'' et ''[[logos|logi]]'' secundum disciplinas [[Iesus Christus|Iesu Christo]]. Similis Encyclica Papae [[Iohannes Paulus II|Iohanne Pauli II]] [[Redemptor Hominis|Redemptore Hominis]] praedictio pontificatorum [[Papa]]e [[Benedictus XVI]] creditur. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_lt.html Textus Encyclicae] {{Ling| Latine}} {{titulus ad litteram}} {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Benedicto XVI}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Benedicti XVI]] [[Categoria:Scripta 2006]] hsmgrh9zwutvxepv8ynjv4cu5i27h1u 4 26439 3962725 3957845 2026-05-31T01:51:57Z Grufo 64423 /* 2026 */ Pagina “[[Proelium Castelli Sumter]]” facta est pagina mensis Iunii 2026 3962725 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Mone si pagina mensis abest}}<div style="width:40%; -moz-box-shadow:10px 10px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); -webkit-box-shadow:6px 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); box-shadow:8px 8px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, .2); float:right; border:1px solid #BEBEBE; padding:1em; margin-left: 1em;"> {{Vicipaedia:Pagina prima/Capsa prima| titulus = Pagina mensis {{CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} | color tituli = white | color vexilli = #D61D00 | margo cacuminis = 0 | corpus = {{PaginaMensis}}}} </div> Omnes '''paginas mensis'''&mdash;praesentem, priores, proximas&mdash;haec [[pagina]] infra ostendit. Ut commentarius fiat pagina mensis, plurimi Vicipaediani de eo consentire debent. Si quandam paginam vis paginam mensem facere, sodes, disputa eam apud [[Disputatio Vicipaediae:Pagina mensis|disputationem huius paginae]]. ==Nexus== *[[{{TALKPAGENAME}}]] *[[Formula:PaginaMensis]] *[[Disputatio Formulae:PaginaMensis]] == 2004 == # [[Carolus Marx]] == 2005 == # Ian-Mai &rarr; [[Catharina Aragonensis]] # Iun-Dec &rarr; [[Ius Romanum]] == 2006 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Ianuarii 2006}} &rarr; [[Leivus Erici filius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Februarii 2006}} &rarr; [[Bomba atomica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Martii 2006}} &rarr; [[Ratisbona]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Aprilis 2006}} &rarr; [[Ecclesia Catholica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Maii 2006}} &rarr; [[Nicolaus Cazantzaces]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Iunii 2006}} &rarr; [[Theoria Chordarum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Iulii 2006}} &rarr; [[Anna Britanniae Regina]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Augusti 2006}} &rarr; [[Bellum Peloponnesiacum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Septembris 2006}} &rarr; [[L. Annaeus Seneca minor]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Octobris 2006}} &rarr; [[C. Iulius Caesar]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Novembris 2006}} &rarr; [[Ioannes Hildebrandus Withofius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Decembris 2006}} &rarr; [[Tigris]] == 2007 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Imperium Cossanum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Infinitas]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Moretum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Scacci]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Stephanus Spielberg]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Pong cervisiale]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Asteroides]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Physica electromagnetica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Hispania Visigothica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Berolinum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Tangaloa]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2007}} &rarr; [[Bacchae]] == 2008 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Aspectus (ars grammatica)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Cuba]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Relativitas specialis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Nix]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Mathematica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Euripides]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Hizbullah]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Eleutherius Benizelus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Iohannes Rawls]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Liber]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Alphabetum Graecum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2008}} &rarr; [[Canariae Insulae]] == 2009 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Pecunia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Adrabigania]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Gulielmus Wordsworth]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Cyclus Inarotis et Petubastis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Cultura]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Anaxagoras]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Ayn Rand]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Diana]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Pulchritudo]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Trafalgaris Pugna]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2009}} &rarr; [[Caseus]] == 2010 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Ianus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Regnum Navarrae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Cannabis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[De vita Caesarum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Alanus Mathison Turing]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Iosephus Schumpeter]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Tabula Rosettana]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Res militaris]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Saturnus (deus)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Tempus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2010}} &rarr; [[Tiara]] ==2011== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Computing machinery and intelligence]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Obiectivismus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Groenlandia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[SCDI]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Apocolocyntosis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Antiquitas Posterior]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Bisbona]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Publius Ovidius Naso]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Ho Chi Minh]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Denarius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Ornithoptera alexandrae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2011}} &rarr; [[Lingua Theodisca]] ==2012== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Britannia Minor]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Harrius Potter]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Theoria numerorum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Gulielmus Shakesperius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Oceanus Pacificus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Elizabeth II (regina Britanniarum)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Iter transtemporale]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Olympia (certamina)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Noam Chomsky]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Opera]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[Respublica Coreana]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2012}} &rarr; [[The Silmarillion]] ==2013== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Sisith]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Angkor Wat]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Cybele]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Belgica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Oceanus Arcticus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Protagoras]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Canada]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Feles]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Arithmetica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Viceregnum Peruvianum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Kyriacus Anconitanus de Picenicollibus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2013}} &rarr; [[Litterae Civitatum Foederatarum]] ==2014== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Theaetetus (Plato)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Machina vaporaria]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Imperium Romanum Orientale]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Aethiopia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Gerasimus Lebedev]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Vindobona]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Marcus Paulus Venetus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Xenophon (scriptor)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Parthenon]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Reformatio]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Naxos]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2014}} &rarr; [[Moles Trium Angustiarum]] ==2015== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Thomas Hobbesius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Uranus (planeta)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Alma Mater Rudolphina Vindobonensis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Horatii et Curiatii]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Centum Napoleonis dies]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Iohannes Hus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Asturiae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Ludovicus XIV]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Bagdatum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Ganges]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2015}} &rarr; [[Historiae (Polybius)]] ==2016== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Mercurius (planeta)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Lingua Ojibwayensis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Alfredus Ludovicus Kroeber]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Mahometus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Mexicum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Grammatica Cambrica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Historia Francogallica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Unicornis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Numerus pi]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Georgia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[C (lingua programmandi)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2016}} &rarr; [[Satura]] ==2017== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Planeta extrasolaris]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Lingua Mandarina normalis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Roma]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Theoria copiarum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Iuno]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Vinum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Mars (planeta)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Petrus Seeger]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Senatus consultum ultimum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Iacobus Quarterius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Guinea Aequinoctialis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2017}} &rarr; [[Vascus Gama]] ==2018== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Cassius Dio]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Rationes inter imperia Sinicum et Romanum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Franciscus (papa)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Argumentum cosmologicum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Rabindranath Tagore]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Bucaresta]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Res publica Dominiciana]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Trappist-1]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Robertus Frost]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Scepticismus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Portus Dives]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2018}} &rarr; [[Lingua Aegyptia Demotica]] ==2019== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Perceptio]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Estonia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Morphologia (linguistica)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Arnaldus de Villa Nova]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Fretum Torresianum]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Alba Longa]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Lapita]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Hedy Lamarr]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Orchidaceae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Suleimanus I (sultanus Ottomanicus)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Panama]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2019}} &rarr; [[Psychologia]] ==2020== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Expeditio sacra]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Codex Hammurabi]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Alexander Puškin]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Petrus I (imperator Russiae)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[K2-18b]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Unio Europaea]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Confucius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Morbus Parkinson]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Graeciae descriptio]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2020}} &rarr; [[Phillis Wheatley]] ==2021== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Museum Orsay]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Cercopithecidae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Renatus Andegavensis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Franciscus Petrus Schubert]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Columbia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Bibliotheca historica (Diodorus)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Franciscus Renatus Castribrientii]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Zoroastrismus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Sinan Architectus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Costarica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[Saturnus (planeta)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2021}} &rarr; [[David Humius]] ==2022== # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Renatus Cartesius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Socolata]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Europa]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Francia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Azteci]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Guatimala]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Neptunus (planeta)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Historiae (Herodotus)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Philologia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Cremifanum (abbatia)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Sexus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2022}} &rarr; [[Maria Antonius Carême]] == 2023 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Isaacus Newtonus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Germania]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Athenae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Lingua Catalana]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Iaponia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Musica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Ius]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Augustus (imperator)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Mythologia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Tyrannis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2023}} &rarr; [[Lingua Latina]] == 2024 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Ethica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Ucraina]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[The 39 Steps (pellicula 1935)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Lingua Homerica]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Oceanus Atlanticus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Theophrastus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Odyssea]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Limax]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Tabulae Iguvinae]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Ostrea edulis]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Agamemnon (Aeschylus)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2024}} &rarr; [[Bowie (genus)]] == 2025 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Isocrates]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Oceanus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Quattuor equites apocalyptici]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[PHP]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Gallaecia (Communitas autonoma)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Plato]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Lycia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Lingua Mandarina]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Guilielmus Turnerus]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2025}} &rarr; [[Quo vadis (mythistoria)]] == 2026 == # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:january-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Divina Sapientia]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:february-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Spatii temporisque tractio]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:march-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Ion (Plato)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:april-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Plotina]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:may-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Tannhauser (fabula melica)]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:june-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; [[Proelium Castelli Sumter]] # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:july-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:august-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:september-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:october-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:november-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; # {{fn|PaginaMensis/{{MediaWiki:december-gen}} 2026}} &rarr; ==Paginae Vicariae== Hae paginae tamquam paginae mensium monstrabuntur si pagina propria non iam designata sit. Hae "paginae vicariae" sunt redirectiones ad paginas mensium anteriores. <!-- These pages will be displayed, when a specific month page does not exist. The default pages are redirects to ''existing'' (!) specific month pages.--> # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Ianuarii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Februarii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Martii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Aprilis}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Maii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Iunii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Iulii}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Augusti}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Septembris}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Octobris}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Novembris}} # {{fn|PaginaMensis/Decembris}} == Quomodo paginae mensium designantur == # Crea formulam <nowiki>[[</nowiki>Formula:PaginaMensis/MENSISCASUGENITIVO ANNI]] # In fine commentationis, inscribe {{fn|FA stella}} # In summo commentationis disputationis, inscribe {{fnp|PagMen|ANNUS{{!}}MENSISNUMERUS}} # Apud Vicidata, appone "badge" "Pagina mensis" # Supra hac in pagina, nexum ad commentationem adde ==Nexus interni== *{{fn|FA stella}} *[[Vicipaedia:Pagina]] <noinclude> [[Categoria:Paginae mensis|!]] [[Categoria:Pagina prima]] [[Categoria:Officia periodica Vicipaediae]] </noinclude> 6341zmdv4ajqnp1fm8yhzccn1c2u0uq 0 26492 3962676 3870963 2026-05-30T16:59:03Z Cyve 85684 /* */ 3962676 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Logo der FDP 2026.svg|thumb|Logo 2026]] [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F049589-0035, Frankfurt, FDP-Bundesparteitag.jpg|thumb|Concilium factionis FDP anno 1976]] [[Fasciculus:Freie_Demokratische_Partei_(logo,_2013).png|thumb|Logo 2013-2014]] '''Factio democratica liberalis''' [[Germaniae]] partes sunt, quae liberam mercaturam favere solent. Germani illas partes ''Freie Demokratische Partei'' vocant. Haec factio [[11 Decembris|11]]/[[12 Decembris]] [[1948]] condita est. Stutgardiae conveniri solet die [[Epiphania]]: tum habetur sic dictus [[conventus in die Trium magorum]]. == Foedera ad regendam Rempublicam Germaniam == === Cum CDU, annis 1949 - 1966 === Inter minores factiones politicas Germanicas haec factio habetur, sed particeps fuit plurium regnorum: Primis annis Reipublicae Foederalis Germaniae FDP una cum [[CDU]]/[[CSU]] factiones nationem duxit, dum [[Conradus Adenauer]] (CDU) cancellarius fuit. Anno [[1963]] Adenauer iam grandaevus FDP urgente a magistratu se recessit et foedus cum [[Ludovicus Erhard]] continuatum est. Anno [[1966]] FDP cum CDU iurgavit et administri FDP offia relinquerunt. === Cum SPD annis 1969 - 1982 === Ad annum [[1969]] FDP adversa factio erat, dum CDU [[Curtius Georgius Kiesinger|Curtio Georgio Kiesinger]] duce una cum [[SPD]], cui [[Gulielmus Brandt]] praefuit Germaniam rexit. Post electionem anni 1969 FDP [[Gualterus Scheel|Gualtero Scheel]] duce novum foedus cum SPD fecit et ad annum [[1982]], postremo cum [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]] cancellario nationem Theodiscam duxit. === Iterum cum CDU 1982 - 1998 === 1982 autem [[Ioannes-Theodericus Genscher]] praeses FDP foedus hoc finivit atque [[Helimutus Kohl|Helimutum Kohl]] (CDU) cancellarium elegit. Hoc cum cancellario FDP ad annum [[1998]] particeps regni fuit, dum [[Gerhardus Schröder]] (SPD) cum Viridibus rerum potitus est. === Tertia foedus regendi cum CDU ab anno 2009 === Anno [[2009]] FDP electione circa XV percentum suffragiorum accepit et nunc iterum cum CDU [[Angela Merkel]] cancellaria foederali duce Germaniam regnat. Annis 2010 et 2011 autem minorem eventum suffragiis accepit. Itaque praeses factionis ab anno 2001 [[Guido Westerwelle]] se recepit et die [[13 Maii]] [[Philippus Rösler]] eius succesor electus est<ref>[http://www.faz.net/s/Rub594835B672714A1DB1A121534F010EE1/Doc~ECBD427521D5C4EFB918EBE84F2DF1E7F~ATpl~Ecommon~Sspezial.html FAZ die 13 Maii 2011 (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Die [[23 Septembris]] [[2013]] Rösler ab officio praesidis factionis se recessit, postquam FDP electionem ad [[Index legatorum Dietae Foederalis XVIII|Dietam Foederalem]] perdidit et primo tempore ab anno 1949 in parlamento Germaniae legatos non habiturus fuit<ref>[http://www.welt.de/politik/wahl/bundestagswahl/article120297242/Roesler-wirft-hin-Lindner-will-Nachfolger-werden.html Die Welt die 23 Septembris 2013]</ref>. == Praesides FDP == Praesides eius factionis adhuc fuerunt: * [[Theodorus Heuss]] anno [[1948]] - [[1949]] * [[Franciscus Blücher]] annis 1949 - [[1954]] * [[Thomas Dehler]] annis 1954 - [[1957]] * [[Reinholdus Maier]] annis 1957 - [[1960]] * [[Ericus Mende]] annis 1960 - [[1968]] * [[Gualterus Scheel]] annis 1968 - [[1974]] * [[Ioannes-Theodericus Genscher]] annis 1974-[[1985]] * [[Martinus Bangemann]] annis 1985 - [[1988]] * [[Otto Comes Lambsdorff]] annis 1988 - [[1993]] * [[Nicolaus Kinkel]] annis 1993 - [[1995]] * [[Wolfgangus Gerhardt]] annis 1995 - [[2001]] * [[Guido Westerwelle]] annis 2001 - [[2011]] * [[Philippus Rösler]] annis 2011 - [[2013]] * [[Christianus Lindner]] 2013 - == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.fdp.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Factiones Politicae Germaniae}} [[Categoria:FDP|!]] [[Categoria:Factiones liberales]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1948]] gg4lq0exbnnr3zp6g8c4rnt1h8kztoa 3962707 3962676 2026-05-30T18:49:04Z IacobusAmor 1163 favere + dat., non acc. 3962707 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Logo der FDP 2026.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|[[Logotypus]] anno 2026.]] [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F049589-0035, Frankfurt, FDP-Bundesparteitag.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Concilium factionis FDP anno 1976.]] [[Fasciculus:Freie_Demokratische_Partei_(logo,_2013).png|thumb|upright=0.8|Logotypus annnis 2013 et 2014.]] '''Factio democratica liberalis''' [[Germaniae]] partes sunt, quae liberae [[mercatura]]e favere solent. Germani illas partes ''Freie Demokratische Partei'' vocant. Haec factio [[11 Decembris|11]]/[[12 Decembris]] [[1948]] condita est. Stutgardiae conveniri solet die [[Epiphania]]: tum habetur sic dictus [[conventus in die Trium magorum]]. == Foedera ad regendam Rempublicam Germaniam == === Cum CDU, annis 1949 - 1966 === Inter minores factiones politicas Germanicas haec factio habetur, sed particeps fuit plurium regnorum: Primis annis Reipublicae Foederalis Germaniae FDP una cum [[CDU]]/[[CSU]] factiones nationem duxit, dum [[Conradus Adenauer]] (CDU) cancellarius fuit. Anno [[1963]] Adenauer iam grandaevus FDP urgente a magistratu se recessit et foedus cum [[Ludovicus Erhard]] continuatum est. Anno [[1966]] FDP cum CDU iurgavit et administri FDP offia relinquerunt. === Cum SPD annis 1969 - 1982 === Ad annum [[1969]] FDP adversa factio erat, dum CDU [[Curtius Georgius Kiesinger|Curtio Georgio Kiesinger]] duce una cum [[SPD]], cui [[Gulielmus Brandt]] praefuit Germaniam rexit. Post electionem anni 1969 FDP [[Gualterus Scheel|Gualtero Scheel]] duce novum foedus cum SPD fecit et ad annum [[1982]], postremo cum [[Helimutus Schmidt|Helimuto Schmidt]] cancellario nationem Theodiscam duxit. === Iterum cum CDU 1982 - 1998 === Anno autem 1982 [[Ioannes-Theodericus Genscher]] praeses FDP foedus hoc finivit atque [[Helimutus Kohl|Helimutum Kohl]] (CDU) cancellarium elegit. Hoc cum cancellario FDP ad annum [[1998]] particeps regni fuit, dum [[Gerhardus Schröder]] (SPD) cum Viridibus rerum potitus est. === Tertia foedus regendi cum CDU ab anno 2009 === Anno [[2009]], FDP electione circa XV percentum suffragiorum accepit et nunc iterum cum CDU [[Angela Merkel]] cancellaria foederali duce Germaniam regnat. Annis 2010 et 2011 autem minorem eventum suffragiis accepit. Itaque praeses factionis ab anno 2001 [[Guido Westerwelle]] se recepit et die [[13 Maii]] [[Philippus Rösler]] eius succesor electus est<ref>[http://www.faz.net/s/Rub594835B672714A1DB1A121534F010EE1/Doc~ECBD427521D5C4EFB918EBE84F2DF1E7F~ATpl~Ecommon~Sspezial.html FAZ die 13 Maii 2011 (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Die [[23 Septembris]] [[2013]] Rösler ab officio praesidis factionis se recessit, postquam FDP electionem ad [[Index legatorum Dietae Foederalis XVIII|Dietam Foederalem]] perdidit et primo tempore ab anno 1949 in parlamento Germaniae legatos non habiturus fuit<ref>[http://www.welt.de/politik/wahl/bundestagswahl/article120297242/Roesler-wirft-hin-Lindner-will-Nachfolger-werden.html Die Welt die 23 Septembris 2013]</ref>. == Praesides FDP == Praesides eius factionis adhuc fuerunt: * [[Theodorus Heuss]] anno [[1948]] - [[1949]] * [[Franciscus Blücher]] annis 1949 - [[1954]] * [[Thomas Dehler]] annis 1954 - [[1957]] * [[Reinholdus Maier]] annis 1957 - [[1960]] * [[Ericus Mende]] annis 1960 - [[1968]] * [[Gualterus Scheel]] annis 1968 - [[1974]] * [[Ioannes-Theodericus Genscher]] annis 1974-[[1985]] * [[Martinus Bangemann]] annis 1985 - [[1988]] * [[Otto Comes Lambsdorff]] annis 1988 - [[1993]] * [[Nicolaus Kinkel]] annis 1993 - [[1995]] * [[Wolfgangus Gerhardt]] annis 1995 - [[2001]] * [[Guido Westerwelle]] annis 2001 - [[2011]] * [[Philippus Rösler]] annis 2011 - [[2013]] * [[Christianus Lindner]] 2013 - == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.fdp.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Factiones Politicae Germaniae}} [[Categoria:FDP|!]] [[Categoria:Factiones liberales]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1948]] dj7wgiwzg49rw4iiegyxtuffgwc2nv1 0 27524 3962612 3954261 2026-05-30T12:33:11Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962612 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}}{{L1}} [[Fasciculus:Athenaeus Marcianus Z 447 f 1r.png|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Athenaeus (Naucratites)|Athenaeus]], ''Deipnosophistae'': prima pagina textus nobis servati. [[Bibliotheca Marciana]] [[Venetaie|Venetiarum]] MS. Gr. Z. 447 f. 1r.]] {{Ores|Deipnosophistae}}<ref>“[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87206050 Athenaei Naucratitis ... Deipnosophistarum libri]”: titulus versionis Latinae I. Dalecampii, 1583</ref> vel {{Ores|Dipnosophistae}}<ref>{{*Cfr}} “[https://archive.org/details/athenaeinavcrati03atheuoft Athenaeus: Dipnosophistae]”: frons editionis G. Kaibel, 1887</ref> (Δειπνοσoφισταί, scilicet “professores cenarum”) est dialogus [[Graece]] scriptus [[saeculum 3|saeculo III]] ineunte ab [[Athenaeus Naucratita|Athenaeo]] [[Naucratis|Naucratita]]. In hoc opere triginta personae, celebrantes [[Roma]]e festos dies quondam ''[[Parilia]]'' nuncupatos, de permultis rebus disserunt, luxuriis, [[amor]]ibus, [[musica]], facetiis, [[philologia]] Graeca, sed praesertim de [[cibum|cibo]], [[vinum|vino]], [[ebrietas|ebrietate]], [[cena|cenis]], [[convivium|conviviis]]. Citantur auctores fere 800, opera fere 2&nbsp;000 scriptorum Graecorum antiquorum maxima parte deperdita. ''Deipnosophistae'' in quindecim libros divisae sunt. Manuscriptus unus tantum hoc opus nobis praebet, videlicet [[Marcianus 447]] (“A” apud editores), e quo libri I et II, prima pars libri III, ultima libri XV pagina aliaequa paginae paucae deperditae sunt. Ea quae nobis desunt partim ex ''[[Deipnosophistarum epitome|epitoma Deipnosophistarum]]'' restitui possunt, recensione abbreviata saeculo XII composita res librorum quindecim comprehendente. == Res principales == Textus ''Deipnosophistarum'' epitomaeque secundum paginas editionis [[Isaacus Casaubonus|Casauboni]] (1598) citari solet. Numeri paginarum sectionesque a-f cuiusque paginae in marginibus editionum recentiorum fere omnium recitantur. {{div col|2}} * '''Liber I''': ''Epitome'' 1a-3f : praefatio; de forma operis * ''Epitome'' 3f-8e : de [[ganeo]]nibus * ''Epitome'' 8e-19a et 24b-25f : de vita heroum [[Homerus|Homericorum]] * ''Epitome'' 19a-23a : de [[ioculator]]ibus lusoribusque et [[saltatio|saltatoribus]] * ''Epitome'' 23a-24b : potare et comedere * ''Epitome'' 25f-34e; '''Liber II''': ''Epitome'' 35a-40f : de [[vinum|vino]] et ebrietate * ''Epitome'' 40f-47a : de [[aqua]] * ''Epitome'' 47a-49d : de [[epulum|epulis]] et [[triclinium|tricliniis]] * ''Epitome'' 49d-71f; '''Liber III''': ''Epitome'' 72a-73e, textus plenus 74a-85c : de [[fructus|fructibus]] [[holus|holeribus]]que * 85c-94b : de conchyliis * 94c-104c : de [[omasum (gastronomia)|omasis]] carnibusque variis * 104c-108f : de [[squillarum genus|cammaris]], [[iecur]]e, cibo marino * 108f-116a : de [[panis|pane]] * 116a-121e : de salsamentis * 121e-125f : de usu [[glacies|glaciei]] * 125f-127d : de [[placenta (libum)|placenta]] * '''Liber IV''': 128a-169b : de cenis [[Macedonia|Macedonum]] [[Graecia|Graecorum]] aliorumque * 169b-174a : de instrumento coquinario * 174a-185a : de instrumentis musicis * '''Liber V''': 186a-193c : de [[symposium|symposiis]] Homericis * 193c-211d : de conviviis Hellenisticis * 211d-222b : de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|luxus|luxu|fr|qid=Q10953913}} philosophorum * '''Liber VI''': 222a[bis]-228c : de [[piscatus|piscatoribus]] * 228c-234c : de instrumento cenatico * 234c-262a : de [[parasitus (Graecia antiqua)|parasitis]] * 262a-270e : de [[servitudo|servis]] * 270e-275b; '''Liber VII''': 275e-330c '''Liber VIII''': 330f-365a : de piscibus * '''Liber IX''': 366a-368f : de [[perna]] * 368f-376c et 384a-411a : de holeribus et carnibus animalium volatiliumque * 376c-383f : de [[coquus|coquis]] * '''Liber X''': 412a-448b : de ganeonibus potoribusque * 448b-459c : de [[aenigma]]tibus * '''Liber XI''': 459a[bis]-503f et ''Epitome'' 781c-784d : de vasis potoriis * 503f-509e : de [[Plato]]nis malitia * '''Liber XII''': 510a-554f : de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|luxus|luxu|fr|qid=Q10953913}} * '''Liber XIII''': 555a-572d : de [[mulier]]ibus * 572d-596f : de [[hetaera|hetaeris]] * 596f-601e et 610b-612f : de [[amor]]e * 601e-606b : de [[Homosexualitas|homosexualitate]] * 606b-610b : de amore animalium * '''Liber XIV''': 613a-616e : de iocis * 616e-639a : de [[musica]] * 639b-658e : de [[secunda mensa|secundis mensis]] * 658e-664f : de [[coquus|coquis]] * '''Liber XV''': 665a-670f : de [[cottabus|cottabo]] * 670f-686c : de [[corona|coronis]] * 686c-693f : de [[aroma]]tibus * 693f-699c : de [[scolion|scoliis]] * 699d-700e et ''Epitome'' 700f-702c : de [[taeda|taedis]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Athenaeus Deipnosophists edited by Isaac Casaubon.jpg|thumb|Editio Casauboni anno 1657 reimpressa]] [[Imago:Deipnosophistae.tif|thumb|''Dipnosophistae'', 1535]] ; Editiones et versiones * 1514 : [[Marcus Musurus]], ed., ''Ἀθηναίου δειπνοσοφιστοῦ τὴν πολυμαθεστάτην πραγματείαν νῦν ἔξεστι σοι φιλόλογε ... ἐς γνῶσιν ἐλθεῖν''. Venetiis apud [[Aldus Manutius|Aldum]] et Andream socerum, 1514 ([[editio princeps]]); [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10195496-8 Textus] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139384-1 aliud exemplar] * 1535 : [[Iacobus Bedrotus]], [[Christianus Herlinus]], edd., ''Ἀθηναίου δειπνοσοφιστῶν βίβλια πεντεκαίδεκα: Athenaei Dipnosophistarum, hoc est argute sciteque in convivio disserentium, lib. XV''. Basileae: apud I. Valderum, 1535 {{Ling|Graece}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11347990-8 Textus] apud Monacenses * 1556 : [[Natalis de Comitibus]], interpr., ''Athenaei Dipnosophistarum sive Coenae sapientium libri XV'' Natale de Comitibus Veneto nunc primum e Graeca in Latinam linguam vertente. Venetiis apud Andream Arrivabenum, 1556; Basileae: Henrichus Petrus, 1556; Parisiis: Franciscus Barptolomaeus Honoratus, 1556; Lugduni, 1556 {{Ling|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139391-5 Editio Veneta] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10170016-6 Editio Parisiensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10170015-0 Editio Lugdunensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10994136-8 Editio Basiliensis] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10140574-7 Editio Veneta 1572] * 1583 : [[Iacobus Dalechampius]], interpr., ''Athenaei ... Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim'' in Latinum sermonem versi a Iacobo Dalechampio. Lugduni: A. de Harsy, 1583; ibidem 1597 {{Ling|Latine}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_F97OmyRmBFQC Editio 1583 apud Internet Archive] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10195500-7 apud Monacenses] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139392-0 aliud exemplar] * 1598 : [[Isaacus Casaubonus]], ed.; [[Iacobus Dalechampius]], interpr., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim''. Heidelbergiae 1598 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139387-7 Textus] ** ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri quindecim'' ex editione [[Isaacus Casaubonus|Casauboni]] et interpretatione Dalechampii. Lugduni 1612 et 1657 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10209605-9 Editio 1612] [http://bvpb.mcu.es/es/consulta/registro.cmd?id=406751 Editio 1612 (imprime “''Objetos digitales''”)] [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ZvGCkzC6SkEC Editio 1657 apud Internet Archive] [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb10139388-3 apud Monacenses] * 1680 : [[Michael de Marolles]], interpr., ''Athénée: Les quinze lives des Deipnosophistes'' e versionibus Latinis Francogallice a Michaele de Marolles versi. Lutetiae: J. Langlois, 1680 {{Ling|Francogallice}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1230239 Textus interretialis] * 1789 : [[Lefebvre de Villebrune]], interpr., ''Banquet des savans par Athénée'' interpr. Lutetiae, 1789. 5 voll. {{Ling|Francogallice}} * 1801-1807 : [[Iohannes Schweighaeuser|J. Schweighäuser]], ed., ''Athenaei Naucratitae Deipnosophistarum libri XV''. Argentorati 1801-1807 {{Ling|Graece|Latine}} [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru01athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru02athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru03athe 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru04athe 4] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru05athe 5] * 1827 : [[Gulielmus Dindorf|G. Dindorf]], ed., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistarum libri XV''. Lipsiae 1827. {{Ling|Graece}} [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae01athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae02athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistae00athe 3] * 1840 : Giovanni Petrettini, interpr., ''Dei dipnosofisti di Ateneo tutto che risguarda alle belle arti ...'' (''Biblioteca greca delle belle arti'', vol. 2). Mediolani: Molina, 1840 {{Ling|Italiane}} {{Google Books|8PDFeX0VvYAC}} * 1854 : C. D. Yonge, interpr., ''The Deipnosophists or Banquet of the Learned of Athenaeus''. 3 voll. Londinii: Henry Bohn, 1854. {{Ling|Anglice}} [http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=browse&scope=Literature.DeipnoSub Textus huius versionis] [http://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/Literature.AthV1 v. 1] * 1858-1867 : [[Augustus Meineke|A. Meineke]], ed., ''Athenaei Deipnosophistae''. 3 voll. Lipsiae 1858-67. (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') {{Ling|Graece}} * 1887-1890 : [[Georgius Kaibel|G. Kaibel]], ed., ''Athenaei Naucratitae Deipnosophistarum libros XV''. Lipsiae: Teubner, 1887-90. 3 voll. (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') {{Ling|Graece}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k251078 Vol. 1] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k25111h 2] [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k25112v 3] * 1924 : Thierry Sandre, interpr., ''Le Chapitre treize d'Athénée''. Ambianis: Malfère, 1924 {{Ling|Francogallice}} [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k329986c Textus] apud Gallica * 1927-1941 : [[Carolus Burton Gulick|C. B. Gulick]], ed. et interpr., ''Athenaeus: The Deipnosophists''. 7 voll. Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927-1941. (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') 7 voll. {{Ling|Graece|Anglice}} [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/Athenaeus/Introduction*.html Praefatio huius editionis apud LacusCurtius] * 1956 : A. M. Desrousseaux, ed. et interpr., ''Athénée de Naucratis: Les deipnosophistes: livres I et II''. Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 1956. (''[[Collection Budé]]'') {{Ling|Graece|Francogallice}} * 1998-2001 : Claus Friedrich, interpr., T. Nothers, ed., ''Athenaios: Das Gelehrtenmahl''. 5 voll. Stutgardiae: Hiersemann, 1998–2001 * 2000- : Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, ed. et interpr., ''Ateneo: Banquete de sofistas''. Vol. 1- . Matriti: Gredos, 1998- * 2001 : Luciano Canfora, ed.; R. Cherubina et al., interprr.; Christian Jacob, praefat., ''Ateneo: I deipnosofisti: I dotti a banchetto''. 4 voll. Romae: Salerno editrice, 2001 {{Ling|Graece|Italiane}} [http://www.plekos.uni-muenchen.de/2002/ratenaios.pdf recensio huius editionis] * 2006-2012 : {{ec|id=Olson, ed. (2006-2012)|c=[[S. Douglas Olson]], ed. et interpr., ''Athenaeus: The Learned Banqueters''. 8 voll. Cantabrigiae Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006-2012 (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') {{Ling|Graece|Anglice}}}} * 2009 : Benoit Louyest, ed., ''Mots de poissons: le Banquet des sophistes, livres 6 et 7''. Villeneuve d'Ascq: Septentrion, 2009 * 2018 : Sylvie Rougier-Blanc, ed., ''Athénée de Naucratis. Le banquet des savants, livre XIV: Spectacles, chansons, danses, musiques et desserts''. 2 voll. Burdigalae: Ausonius. ISBN 9782356132369 * 2019- : Douglas Olson, ed., ''Athenaeus Naucratites: Deipnosophistae'': volumina quinque quorum prima non iam prodit. Berolini: De Gruyter, 2019- (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') ; Commentarii * 1600 : [[Isaacus Casaubonus]], ''Animadversiones in Athenaei Deipnosophistas''. Lugduni 1600 [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_EIEfx0tNQScC/ editio 1664]; [https://archive.org/details/b28771667_0001 editio 1796/1843 vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/b28771667_0002 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/animadversionumi03casauoft 3] * 1801-1807 : J. Schweighäuser, ''Animadversiones in Athenaei Deipnosophistas''. Argentorati 1801-1807. [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru06athe 1] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru07athe 2] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru08athe 3] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru09athe 4] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru10athe 5] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru11athe 6] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru12athe 7] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru13athe 8] [http://www.archive.org/details/deipnosophistaru14athe 9 (indices)] ; Eruditio recentior * D. Ambaglio, “I Deipnosofisti di Ateneo e la tradizione storica frammentaria” in ''Athenaeum'' vol. 78 (1990) pp. 51-64 * Barry Baldwin, “Athenaeus and His Work” in ''Acta Classica'' vol. 19 (1976) pp. 21-42 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591503 JSTOR] * Aurélien Berra, “[https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/47107458.pdf Athénée et le style]” in Pierre Chiron, Carlos Lévy, edd., ''Les Noms du style dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine'' (Lovanii: Peeters, 2010) pp. 253-278 * David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire''. Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000 * Jerzy Danielewicz, “Poetic Quotations and Discourse Strategies in Athenaeus” in ''Eos'' vol. 93 (2006) pp. 116-130 * I. Düring, “De Athenaei Dipnosophistarum indole atque dispositione” in ''Apophoreta Gotoburgensia Vilelmo Lundström oblata'' (Gothenburgi, 1936) pp. 226-270 * Robert J. Gorman, Vanessa B. Gorman, ''Corrupting Luxury in Ancient Greek Literature''. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2014 * Catherine Grandjean, Anna Heller, Jocelyne Peigney, ''A la table des rois: luxe et pouvoir dans l'oeuvre d'Athénée''. Redonis: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2013. ISBN 978-2-7535-2888-8 * Madeleine Henry, “The Edible Woman: Athenaeus's Concept of the Pornographic” in Amy Richlin, ed., ''Pornography and Representation in Greece and Rome'' (Oxoniae, 1992) pp. 250-268 * Christian Jacob, “Ateneo, o il dedalo delle parole” in Luciano Canfora et al., edd., ''Ateneo: I deipnosofisti: i dotti a banchetto'' (Romae: Salerno editrice, 2001) vol. 1 pp. xi-cxvi * Christian Jacob, “La Citation comme performance dans les ''Deipnosophistes'' d'Athénée” in Catherine Darbo-Peschanski, ed., ''La Citation dans l'antiquité'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2004) pp. 147-174 * Christian Jacob, ''Faut-il prendre les Deipnosophistes au sérieux?'' Lutetiae: Les Belles Lettres, 2020 [https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/2014/2014.01.33/ recensio versionis Anglicae antea divulgatae] * Jeroen Lauwers, “The Dictates of Language: Food, Words, and Narcissism in Athenaeus's Dinner of the Sophists” in ''Arethusa'' vol. 49 (2016) pp. 47-60 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26324670 JSTOR] * Dominique Lenfant, “Peut-on se fier aux “fragments” des historiens? L’exemple des citations d’Hérodote” in ''Ktema'' vol. 24 (1999) pp. 103-121 * {{ec|id=Lenfant, ed. (2005)|c= Dominique Lenfant, ed., ''Athénée et les fragments d'historiens: actes du colloque de Strasbourg (16-18 juin 2005)''. Lutetiae: De Boccard, 2007. ISBN 9782701802305 [http://dominiquelenfant.free.fr/pdf/2007.Lenfant.ATHENEE.pdf Textus] }} * Pauline A. Leven, “New Music and its Myths: Athenaeus' reading of the aulos revolution (‘Deipnosophistae’ 14.616E-617F)” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 130 (2010) pp. 35-47 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/41722529 JSTOR] * Lajos Nyikos, ''Athenaeus quo consilio quibusque usus subsidiis Dipnosophistarum libros composuerit''. Basileae, 1941; [https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/BookDetailsPL?bi=31405347364 De hoc libro]; [https://www.jstor.org/stable/27676950 recensio apud JSTOR] * John Paulas, “How to Read Athenaeus' Deipnosophists” in ''American Journal of Philology'' vol. 133 (2012) pp. 403-439 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/23269874 Textus] * Christopher Pelling, “Athenaeus and the Historians” (recensio operis {{qc|id=Lenfant, ed. (2005)}}) in ''Classical Review'' n.s. vol. 59 (2009) pp. 428-431 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.academia.edu/23488226/Greek_and_Latin_in_the_late_second_and_early_tird_centuries_CE_Athenaeus_of_Naucratis_and_Claudius_Ael_ian_in_J_B_Torres_Guerra_ed_Utroque_sermone_nostr_o_Bilingüismo_social_y_literario_en_el_imperio_de_Roma_Pamplona_2011_ Greek and Latin in the late second and early third centuries CE: Athenaeus of Naucratis and Claudius Aelian]” in J. B. Torres Guerra, ed., ''Utroque sermone nostro: bilingüismo social y literario en el imperio de Roma'' (Pampelunae, 2011) pp. 83-98 * Renate Schlesier, “A Sophisticated hetaira at Table: Athenaeus’ Sappho” in Bruno Currie, Ian Rutherford, edd., ''The Reception of Greek Lyric Poetry in the Ancient World: Transmission, Canonization and Paratext'' (Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 2019) pp. 342-372 {{Google Books|1mzDDwAAQBAJ|Paginae selectae}} * Yannick Scolan, ''Le Convive et le Savant. Sophistes, rhéteurs, grammairiens et philosophes au banquet, de Platon à Athénée''. Paris, Les Belles Lettres, 2017 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_2019_num_88_1_3957_t11_0295_0000_2 Recensio critica] * M. B. Trapp, recensio operis {{qc|id=Olson, ed. (2006-2012)}} vol. 1-2 in ''International Journal of the Classical Tradition'' vol. 16 (2009) pp. 116-120 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40388870 JSTOR] * John Wilkins, “Athenaeus the Navigator” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 128 (2008) pp. 132-152 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/40651727 JSTOR] * {{ec|id=Wilkins and Hill (1995)|c=John Wilkins, Shaun Hill, “The sources and sauces of Athenaeus” in John Wilkins, David Harvey, Mike Dobson, edd., ''Food in antiquity'' (Exoniae: Exeter University Press, 1995) pp. 429-438}} * Giuseppe Zecchini, ''La cultura storica di Ateneo''. Vita e pensiero, 1989. ISBN 8834303466 ; De singulis rebus fontibusque * W. G. Arnott, ed., ''Alexis: the fragments'' (Cantabrigiae, 1996) pp. 34–41 * W. G. Arnott, “On editing comic fragments from literary and lexicographical sources” in D. Harvey, J. Wilkins, edd., ''The Rivals of Aristophanes'' (Londinii: Duckworth, 2000) pp. 1–13 * Krystyna Bartol, “The Voice of Tradition: Representations of Homeric Singers in Athenaeus 1.14a-d” in ''Classical Quarterly'' n.s. vol. 57 (2007) pp. 231-243 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/4493487 JSTOR] * Monica Berti et al., “Documenting Homeric Text Re-use in the ‘Deipnosophistae’ of Athenaeus of Naucratis” in ''Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies'' vol. 59 (2016) pp. 121-139 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44254157 JSTOR] * Ewen Bowie, “Athenaeus’ knowledge of early Greek elegiac and iambic poetry” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 124–135 * Jean-Claude Carrière, “[https://www.persee.fr/doc/ista_0000-0000_2007_ant_1079_1_2668 Les citations de Xénophon dans le Banquet des sophistes d'Athénée]” in ''Troïka. Parcours antiques. Mélanges offerts à Michel Woronoff'' (''Collection de l'Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Antiquité'', 2007) pp. 219-240 * P. Cipolla, “Su alcuni citazioni Euripidee in Ate” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 203–217 * Mark De Kreij, “Οὔκ ἐστι Σαπφοῦς τοῦτο τὸ ᾆσμα: Variants of Sappho's Songs in Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 136 (2016) pp. 59-72 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/44157493 JSTOR] * Robert J. Gorman, Vanessa B. Gorman, “The Tryphê of the Sybarites: A Historiographical Problem in Athenaeus” in ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 127 (2007) pp. 38-60 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/30033501 JSTOR] * R. Hawley, “Pretty, Witty and Wise: courtesans in Athenaeus' ''Deipnosophistai'' book 13” in ''International Journal of Moral and Social Sciences'' vol. 8 (1993) pp. 73-91 * D. Lenfant, “On Persian Tryphe in Athenaeus” in C. Tuplin, ed., ''Persian Responses'' (Swanseae, 2007) pp. 51-65 * Laura McClure, ''Courtesans at Table. Gender and Literary Culture in Athenaeus''. Novi Eboraci: Routledge, 2003 * Laura McClure, “Subversive Laughter: The Sayings of Courtesans in Book 13 of Athenaeus' Deipnosophistae” in ''American Journal of Philology'' vol. 124 (2003) pp. 259-294 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1561664 JSTOR] * Ivan Matijašić, “Herodotus in the Theatre at Alexandria? On Athenaeus 14.620d” in ''Journal of Hellenic Studies'' vol. 139 (2019) pp. 83-93 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26869549 JSTOR] * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.academia.edu/76083120/Autoridad_e_inspiración_en_época_imperial_análisis_de_algunos_pasajes_paralelos_en_Ateneo_y_Eliano Autoridad e inspiración en época imperial: análisis de algunos pasajes paralelos en Ateneo y Eliano]” in ''Fortunatae'' no. 32 (2020) pp. 643-663 * R. Quaglia, “Citazioni di Aristofane e della comedia in Ateneo” in ''Maia'' vol. 53 (2001) pp. 611–633 * Luciana Romeri, “Platon chez Athénée” in Catherine Darbo-Peschanski, ed., ''La Citation dans l'antiquité'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2004) pp. 175-188 * K. Sidwell, “Athenaeus, Lucian and fifth-century comedy” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 136–152 * Michael Witty, “[https://www.scienceopen.com/hosted-document?doi=10.1080/08109028.2018.1443619 Athenaeus describes the most ancient intellectual property]” in ''Prometheus'' vol. 35 (2017) pp. 137–143 ; De dialogo personisque * Barry Baldwin, “The Minor Characters in Athenaeus” in ''Acta Classica'' vol. 20 (1977) pp. 37-48 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/24591523 JSTOR] * Alessandra Lukinovich, “The play of reflections between literary form and the sympotic theme in the Deipnosophistae of Athenaeus” in Oswyn Murray, ed., ''Sympotica'' (Oxonii: Clarendon Press, 1990) pp. 263-271 (''[https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1991/1991.05.13/ This is apparently the first literary study of Athenaeus in over half a century]'', ait Richard Hamilton) * Luciana Romeri, ''Philosophes entre mots et mets: Plutarque, Lucien et Athénée autour de la table de Platon'' (Gratianopoli: Millon, 2002) pp. 278-290 ; De traditione et fortuna * W. G. Arnott, “Athenaeus and the Epitome: texts, manuscripts and early editions” in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 41-52 * Christopher Collard, “Athenaeus, the Epitome, Eustathius and Quotations from Tragedy” in ''Rivista di Filologia e di Istruzione Classica'' vol. 97 (1969) pp. 157–179 * Robert L. Fowler, “Paul Maas's Athenaeus” in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' vol. 172 (2010) pp. 55-64 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/20756785 JSTOR] * Benoît Louyest, “[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/1045 L’épitomé du Banquet des sophistes d’Athénée: vers une étude comparative entre l’épitomé et le Marcianus]” in ''Rursus'' no. 8 (2012) * Massimiliano Ornaghi, “[https://www.academia.edu/26442861/Linceo_di_Samo_in_Ateneo_e_Ateneo_in_Suda_casi_di_amplificazione_della_tradizione_indiretta_in_QUADERNI_del_Dipartimento_di_Filologia_Linguistica_e_Tradizione_Classica_Augusto_Rostagni_N_S_2_2003_pp_49_79 Linceo di Samo in Ateneo e Ateneo in Suda: casi di amplificazione della tradizione indiretta]” in ''Quaderni del Dipartimento di Filologia Linguistica e Tradizione Classica “Augusto Rostagni”'' n.s. vol. 2 (2003) pp. 49-79 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269110249_La_traduccion_del_banquete_de_los_eruditos_de_Ateneo_de_Naucratis La traducción del banquete de los eruditos de Ateneo de Náucratis]” in ''Vasos comunicantes'' no. 18 (2002) pp. 112-118 * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, “[https://web.archive.org/web/20160321230658/https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/954/Noriega%20Guillen.pdf?sequence=1 La reconstrucción del comienzo del Banquete de los eruditos a la luz de Ateneo V 186 E]” in J.-M. Nieto Ibáñez, ed., ''Lógos Hellenikós. Homenaje al Profesor Gaspar Morocho Gayo'', vol. I (Legione: Universidad de León, 2003) pp. 395-403 {{NexInt}} * [[Archeanassa]] * [[Deipnosophistarum epitome]] * [[Semper aliquid novi affert Africa]] == Nexus externi == {{Vide-etiam|Deipnosophistarum epitome#Nexus externi}} ; Libri manuscripti * [[Bibliotheca Marciana]] [[Venetiae|Venetiarum]]: MS. [https://library.princeton.edu/byzantine/manuscripts/30398 Marcianus 447] (catalogus apud Princetonienses) ** [http://www.internetculturale.it/jmms/iccuviewer/iccu.jsp?id=oai%3A193.206.197.121%3A18%3AVE0049%3ACSTOR.240.10151&mode=all&teca=marciana Series imaginum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218182748/http://mss.bmlonline.it/s.aspx?Id=AWOItj97I1A4r7GxMMLN&c=Athenaeus#/oro/7 Codex B recentior] (Laurentianus plut. 60.1) * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10721732b Codex D recentior] (Parisinus gr. 3056) * [https://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=royal_ms_16_c_xxiv_fs001r.pdf Codex M recentior]{{Nexus deficit|date=November 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (BM Bibl. Regia 16 C XXXIV) * [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/cpgraec47/0007/image,info,thumbs Codex P recentior] (Palatinus Heidelbergensis gr. 47) * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10722800x Codex Q recentior] (Parisinus gr. 1833) ; Eruditio * ''[https://www.digitalathenaeus.org/ Digital Athenaeus]'' ** [http://www.digitalathenaeus.org/tools/Casaubon-Kaibel_converter/ Convertor numerationum Casauboni et Kaibel] * [https://archive.today/20121130054455/http://mercure.fltr.ucl.ac.be/Hodoi/concordances/intro.htm#athenee Textus et subsidia] apud mercure {{Ling|Graece|Francogallice}} * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, ''[https://www.lnoriega.es/Ateneo.html Bibliografía sobre Ateneo de Náucratis]'' {{Penna}} [[Categoria:Cenae litterariae]] [[Categoria:Dialogi]] [[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria]] [[Categoria:Libri philologici]] [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae aevi Romani]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 3]] 30dlreqy1lbvvb319q8fuig9lw1i4lq 0 32509 3962681 3868653 2026-05-30T17:15:55Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962681 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:HobanNorthPortico.jpg|thumb|Septentrionalis Domus Albae facies.]] '''Domus Alba''' vel '''Aedes Albae'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160723083324/http://latinlexicon.org/latinitas_recens_latine.php Latinitas Recens (Speculum).]</ref> ([[Anglice]] ''The White House'') est domus officinaque [[Praesidens Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|Praesidis Civitatum Foederatarum Americae]]. [[Aedificium]] ex [[saxum|saxo]] albo factum est. Aedes sunt sub numero 1600 Viae Pennsilvanensis Boreoccidentalis in [[Districtus Columbiae|Districtu Columbiae]]. [[Georgius Washingtonius]] cum [[Petrus Carolus L'Enfant|Petro Carolo L'Enfant]], aedificatore urbis, locum idoneum elegit. Deinde [[Iacobus Hoban|Iacobum Hoban]], aedificatorem [[Hibernia|Hibernae,]] elegit, ut Domum Albam aedificaret. Domus anno [[1800]] [[Ioannes Adams|Ioanne Adams]] praeside inaugurata est. Praeterea Praetorium Praesidis et Mansio Praesidis appellata est, sed Domus Alba anno [[1900]] a [[Theodorus Roosevelt|Theodoro Roosevelt]] nominata est. ==Domicilium exsecutiva== Domicilium archetypa in medio est. Duae porticus a [[Thomas Jefferson]] aedificatae sunt in lateribus orientali et occidentali. Quae hodie Alam Orientalem ad Alam Occidentalem coniungunt. Domicilia exsecutiva domum praesidis atque conclavia ritus recreationisque habet. [[Tabulatum]] civitatis domicilii [[Conclave Orientale]], [[Conclave Viride]], [[Conclave Caeruleum]], [[Conclave Rubrum]], [[Cenatio Civitatis|Cenationem Civitatis]]{{dubsig}}, [[Cenatio familiama|Cenationemque familiae]]{{dubsig}} habet. Tabulatum tertium [[Conclave flavum et rotunda|Conclave flavum et rotundam]]{{dubsig}}, [[Atria sessionis]]{{dubsig}}, [[Cenatio praesidis|Cenationem praesidis]]{{dubsig}}, [[Conclave pactionis]]{{dubsig}}, [[Cubiculum Lincolniense]]{{dubsig}}, [[Cubiculum reginae|Cubiculumque reginae]]{{dubsig}} habet. ==Ala Occidentalis== [[Fasciculus:Westwing_commons.jpg|thumb|Ala Occidentalis Domus Albae, in fronte.]] Ala Occidentalis officinam praesidis ([[Cancellaria Oblonga]]), officinas contubernii, conclave ministrorum conclaveque status habet. Nonnulli contuberni in [[Aedificium Executivum Antiquum Officinarum|Aedificio Executivo Antiquo Officinarum]].{{dubsig}}<!--???--> ==Ala Orientalis== Ala Orientalis anno [[1942]] aedificatus est ut constructionem conclavis tutissimi celaret. Aliquando Ala Orientalis officinam [[Prima domina Civitatum Foederatarum|Dominae Primae]] habet. {{NexInt}} *[[Bellum anni 1812]] *[[Eduardus Bradley]] ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == * [https://www.whitehouse.gov/ Pagina propria Domus Albae] [[Categoria:Domus Alba|!]] gynf45n7uw1q0eodp1s755n205mz21f 0 36978 3962743 3799956 2026-05-31T04:48:16Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962743 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} {{Capsa factionis | nomen_factio = Factio Laboris | nomen_nativum = Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz | signum_factionis = [[Fasciculus:Logo of the Swiss Party of Labour.svg|167px]] | ductor_senator = | ductor_repraesentans = | ductor = | praeses = | cathedra = | interpres = | ductor1_title = | nomen1_ductoris = | ductor2_title = | nomen2_ductoris = | ductor3_title = | nomen3_ductoris = | conditus_est = [[1919]] | solvitus_est = | praetorium = | diarium = | ideologia = [[Communismus]] | ars_fiscalis = | ars_socialis = | patria = [[Helvetia]] | res_internationalis = | color_factionis = #FF0000 | nexus = | adnotationes = }} '''Factio Laboris''' ([[Germanice]] ''Partei der Arbeit der Schweiz''; PdA; [[Francice]]: ''Parti suisse du Travail'', PST; [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Partito svizzero del Lavoro''; PSL, [[Romancice]]: ''Partida svizra da la Lavur'', PSdL) est parva factio politica [[Helvetia|Helvetica]]. == Suffragia == {| border=3 cellpadding=4 cellspacing=1 style="border-collapse: center; |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 ! Anno ! Pars Suffragiorum ! [[Consilium Nationale|Consiliarii nationales]] |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1947]] | 5.1 % | 7 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1951]] | 2.7 % | 5 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1955]] | 2.6 % | 4 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1959]] | 2.7 % | 3 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1963]] | 2.2 % | 4 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1967]] | 2.9 % | 5 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1971]] | 2.6 % | 5 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1975]] | 2.4 % | 4 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1979]] | 2.1 % | 3 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1983]] | 0.9 % | 1 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1987]] | 0.8 % | 1 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1991]] | 0.8 % | 2 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1995]] | 1.2 % | 3 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[1999]] | 1.0 % | 2 |- |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[2003]] | 0.9 % | 2 |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[2007]] | 0.7 % | 1 |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[2011]] | 0.9 % | - |----- bgcolor=#fafad2 |-----align=center | [[2011]] | 0.8 % | 1 |} == Nexus externi == * [http://www.pda.ch/ Pagina officialis] ([[Germanice]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110119165741/http://www.pst.ch/ Official homepage] ([[Francice]]) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060709060733/http://www.pdl.ch/ Official homepage] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]) == Lege etiam == * André Rauber: ''Formierter Widerstand: Geschichte der kommunistischen Bewegung in der Schweiz''. ISBN 3-85990-033-1. * Pierre Jeanneret: ''Popistes, Histoire du Parti ouvrier et populaire vaudois (1943-2001)''. [[Lausonium|Lausonii]] anno [[2002]], ISBN 2-8290-0272-5. {{stipula}} {{Formula:Factiones politicae Helvetiae}} [[Categoria:Factiones Politicae Helvetiae]] [[Categoria:Factiones Communisticae]] oms4qrqvkbe2mrh8yt8y1a8v1t9jzey 0 41573 3962686 3892669 2026-05-30T17:19:58Z Bartholomite 116968 3962686 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Jan Maria Vianney - Poznań.jpg|thumb|left|200 px|Statua [[Ioannes Maria Vianney |Ioanni Mariae Vianney]] dicata [[Posnania]]e in [[Polonia]]]] {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Sacerdotii nostri primordia}} [[incipit]] secunda [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] [[Ioannes Maria Vianney |Ioanni Mariae Vianney]] centesimo anno iubilaei [[mors |mortis]] tempore die [[1 Augusti]] [[1959]] dicata. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_19590801_sacerdotii_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1959]] 5sve5as6vh3j1dbq54i8jw3l2lgz83b 0 41574 3962683 3892662 2026-05-30T17:17:10Z Bartholomite 116968 3962683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Ad Petri cathedram}} [[incipit]] prima [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] anno 1959 promulgata et propositis [[pontifex |pontificatus]] dicata: :''In praesens autem tribus hisce de causis, de veritate nempe, de unitate, ac de [[pax |pace]], [[caritas |caritatis]] afflatu adipiscendis promovendisque, per Encyclicas has Litteras, quas primas damus ad universum catholicum orbem, tractaturi sumus...'' == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_29061959_ad-petri_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1959]] fxnecj587ld6y00j8eunhzy4t1hmfiu 3962684 3962683 2026-05-30T17:17:29Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Ad Petri Cathedram]] ad [[Ad Petri cathedram]]: no cap 3962683 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Ad Petri cathedram}} [[incipit]] prima [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] anno 1959 promulgata et propositis [[pontifex |pontificatus]] dicata: :''In praesens autem tribus hisce de causis, de veritate nempe, de unitate, ac de [[pax |pace]], [[caritas |caritatis]] afflatu adipiscendis promovendisque, per Encyclicas has Litteras, quas primas damus ad universum catholicum orbem, tractaturi sumus...'' == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_29061959_ad-petri_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1959]] fxnecj587ld6y00j8eunhzy4t1hmfiu 0 41575 3962680 3892672 2026-05-30T17:15:32Z Bartholomite 116968 3962680 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Mater et magistra}} [[incipit]] [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] rebus socialibus accurate ''rerum socialium processibus ad [[Religio Christiana|christiana]] praecepta componendis'' dicata et die [[15 Maii]] [[1961]] septuagesimo anno iubilaei encyclicae papae [[Leo XIII|Leonis XIII]] [[Rerum Novarum]] tempore promulgata. {{NexInt}} * [[Doctrina socialis Ecclesiae Catholicae]] * [[Quadragesimo anno]] * [[Rerum Novarum]] == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_15051961_mater_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} {{Encyclicae Sociales}} {{reli-stipula}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1961]] m2iccawnqcn6l6pkqoq78pte3qi0uut 0 41576 3962687 3892670 2026-05-30T17:21:36Z Bartholomite 116968 3962687 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Rosary 2006-01-16.jpg|thumb|left|200 px|Corona [[Rosarium|rosarii]]]] {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Grata recordatio}}, die [[26 Septembris]] [[1959]] edita, [[incipit]] tertia [[Epistula Encyclica|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] et [[prex |preci]] [[Rosarium (oratio)|rosarii]] est dicata. Papa fideles monebat ut rosarium pro [[pax |pace]], pro adveniente [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum|Concilio Vaticano Secundo]], pro missionibus recitarent. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_26091959_grata-recordatio_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1959]] bmfk1p0fm9ty4is65gxcdogj6zh6u66 10 41579 3962691 3962536 2026-05-30T17:27:02Z Bartholomite 116968 3962691 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nav |Titulus=[[Encyclica Epistula|Epistulae Encyclicae]] [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] |Imago = [[Imago:C o a Johannes XXIII.svg|80px|Ioannis XXIII insignia]] |Textus= [[Ad Petri cathedram]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Sacerdotii nostri primordia]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Grata recordatio]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Princeps pastorum]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Mater et magistra]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Aeterna Dei sapientia]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Paenitentiam agere]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Pacem in terris]] }}<noinclude> [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII|!]] [[Categoria:Formulae fidei religionisque]] </noinclude> 450ceq59u3htzof0e3w85mk646h1872 0 41580 3962688 3892671 2026-05-30T17:23:07Z Bartholomite 116968 3962688 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Princeps pastorum}} [[incipit]] [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] die [[28 Novembris]] [[1959]] promulgata [[missio]]nibus dicata. == Aliae encyclicae missionibus dicatae == * "[[Rerum Ecclesiae]]", papae [[Pius XI|Pii XI]] (anno [[1926]]) == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_28111959_princeps_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1959]] 54nzd7c7yjkmzmu3aaxx3y37zuz9oaq 0 41583 3962689 3892673 2026-05-30T17:24:48Z Bartholomite 116968 3962689 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:StLeo_I.JPG|thumb|150px|left|Papa [[Leo I (papa)|Leo I Magnus]]]] {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Aeterna Dei sapientia}} est [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] die [[11 Novembris]] [[1961]] promulgata papae [[Leo I (papa)|Leonis Magni]] et operi eius pro unitate [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae]] millesimo quingentesimo anno iubilaei [[mors |mortis]] tempore dicata. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_11111961_aeterna-dei_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1961]] fi2tx4um5cvsawfmkuyqp3wpnzx1vxn 0 41586 3962690 3892674 2026-05-30T17:25:57Z Bartholomite 116968 3962690 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Paenitentiam agere}} [[incipit]] [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] die [[1 Iulii]] [[1962]] adventante [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum|Concilio]] promulgata et [[paenitentia]]e dicata. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_01071962_paenitentiam_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1962]] k11i1zj90m5ah32dlbd4r5teykhifqg 3962720 3962690 2026-05-31T01:30:22Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina neglecta|Pagina neglecta]]}} 3962720 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina neglecta}} {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Paenitentiam agere}} [[incipit]] [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclica]] papae [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioannis XXIII]] die [[1 Iulii]] [[1962]] adventante [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum|Concilio]] promulgata et [[paenitentia]]e dicata. == Nexus externus == * [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_xxiii/encyclicals/documents/hf_j-xxiii_enc_01071962_paenitentiam_lt.html Encyclica Epistula] {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclicae epistulae a Ioanne XXIII}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Ioannis XXIII]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1962]] da8w49oiga7q5djrhqbs1arhcflic3m 10 41589 3962694 3962173 2026-05-30T17:30:00Z Bartholomite 116968 3962694 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nav |Titulus=[[Epistula Encyclica|Epistulae Encyclicae]] [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicti XVI]] |Imago=[[Imago:Coat of arms of Benedictus XVI.svg|80px|Insignia Benedicti XVI]] |Textus= [[Deus caritas est]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Spe salvi]]&nbsp;&#124; [[Caritas in veritate]] }}<noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:!}} [[Categoria:Formulae fidei religionisque]] [[Categoria:Encyclicae Benedicti XVI]] </noinclude> aaqq2nq80ny0h0956lli0qe3os2ipzb 0 41627 3962696 3892675 2026-05-30T17:33:55Z Bartholomite 116968 3962696 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Imago:Andrea Mantegna 108.jpg|thumb|left|200 px|Virgo Maria cum Christo puero. Opus [[Andreas Mantegna]] ]] {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{lres|Christi Matri Rosarii}} [[incipit]] quarta [[Encyclica Epistula|encyclicarum epistularum]] a [[Paulus VI|Papa Paulo VI]] scriptarum et secunda post encyclicam "Mense Maio" quae de veneratione [[Virgo Maria|Virgini Mariae]] agit. Post hanc encyclicam die [[15 Septembris]] [[1966]] promulgata Paulus VI alia tria scripta Mariae dicavit: # [[Signum magnum]], die [[13 Maii]] [[1967]] (de matre Ecclesia ac Virgo [[Fatima]]e) # [[Recurrens mensis october]], die [[7 Octobris]] [[1969]] (de [[Rosarium (oratio)| rosario]]) # [[Marialis Cultus]], die [[2 Februarii]] [[1974]]. == Nexus externi == *[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/paul_vi/encyclicals/documents/hf_p-vi_enc_19660915_christi-matri_lt.html Textus Intergum Encyclicae apud www.vatican.va] * [http://www.kath.net/detail.php?id=18693 Maria quoque Mater Ecclesiae est] in ''Kath net'' {{Ling|Latine}} {{reli-stipula}} {{Encyclica Pauli VI}} [[Categoria:Encyclicae Pauli VI]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1966]] n0b20x4ekltvn6y2lqai08gw1aohphe 0 42439 3962615 3477049 2026-05-30T12:40:09Z ~2026-32163-07 210212 “quando” non potest incipere clausulam subordinatam, sed tamen “natus” potest uti adiectivum verbalem nec verbum. 3962615 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-4}} [[Fasciculus:AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg|thumb]] '''Alfredus Yankovic''' (usitate notus a suo agnomine '''"Weird Al" Yankovic''' ([[Latine]] "Alienus Al")) est [[cantor]] [[CFA|Americanus]] carminum [[satyrus|satiricorum]]. Notus est per paroediis suis carminium popularium [[Michael Jackson|Michaelis Jackson]], [[Madonna]]e, et aliorum cantorum famosorum. == Vita == Natus [[23 Octobris]] [[1959]] in Lynwood in [[California]].<ref name=allmusic>{{cite news|last=Ankeny|first=Jason |title=Weird Al Yankovic Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/weird-al-yankovic-mn0000817315/biography |publisher =[[AllMusic.com]] ([[Rovi]]) | accessdate= July 24, 2015 | archiveurl =http://www.webcitation.org/6aGZzJGWM | archivedate= July 24, 2015 | deadurl=no}}</ref> Septem annorum natus, mercator vendere eo accordion aut citharam obtulit. Pater Alfredi accordion decrevit quod fidicinem musicae [[polca]]e alium cum agnomine Yankovic voluit (primus erat "rex polcae" Franciscus Yankovic).<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://dmdb.org/al/booklet.html|title=Permanent Record: Al in the Box|accessdate=August 24, 2006}}</ref> Alfredus non cognatus est eo, sed erat unus suorum inspirationum). Erat valedictor in suo lyceo, ab ubi graduavit uno anno mature. Suam careram musicam incepit quando erat discipulus in Universitate Polytechnica Californiae in Sancto Ludovico Episcopo.<ref name="Conrad">{{cite journal |last=Conrad |first=Harold |editor-last=Guccione, Jr. |editor-first=Bob |date=August 1985 |title=The Glamorous Life Of Al Yankovic |journal=[[Spin (magazine)|SPIN]] |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=48. – 50 |publisher=SPIN Media LLC |issn=0886-3032 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&pg=PA48 |accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref> Erat in hoc tempore quando apparuit on programmate radiophonica Dr. Demento. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|"Weird Al" Yankovic|Alfredum Yankovic}} {{Musica-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yankovic, Alfredus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Satyrici]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Nati 1959]] [[Categoria:Artifices Civitatum Foederatarum]] g873frhwlyaueii1ztyysyeuwkuchtn 3962633 3962615 2026-05-30T14:05:32Z IacobusAmor 1163 Iam -4 3962633 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-4}} [[Fasciculus:AlYankovicByKristineSlipson.jpg|thumb]] '''Alfredus Yankovic''', usitate notus a{{dubsig}} suo agnomine '''Weird Al Yankovic''' ('Alienus Al'), est [[cantor]] [[CFA|Americanus]] carminum [[satyrus|satiricorum]]. Notus est per{{dubsig}} paroediis{{dubsig}} suis [[carmen populare|carminium popularum]] [[Michael Jackson|Michaelis Jackson]], [[Madonna]]e, et aliorum [[cantor]]um famosorum. == Vita == Alfredus Yankovic die [[23 Octobris]] [[1959]] Lynwood in oppido [[California|Califordniensi]] natus est.<ref name=allmusic>{{cite news|last=Ankeny|first=Jason |title=Weird Al Yankovic Biography |url=http://www.allmusic.com/artist/weird-al-yankovic-mn0000817315/biography |publisher =[[AllMusic.com]] ([[Rovi]]) | accessdate= 24 Iuli 2015 | archiveurl =http://www.webcitation.org/6aGZzJGWM | archivedate= 24 Iulii 2015 | deadurl=no}}.</ref> Septem annos natus, [[mercator]] vendere{{dubsig}} ei [[accordion]]{{dubsig}} aut [[cithara]]m obtulit. Pater Alfredi accordion decrevit quod fidicinem{{dubsig}} musicae [[polca]]e alium cum agnomine Yankovic voluit (primus erat "rex polcae" Franciscus Yankovic).<ref name="autogenerated1">{{cite web|url=http://dmdb.org/al/booklet.html|title=Permanent Record: Al in the Box|accessdate=August 24, 2006}}</ref> Alfredus non cognatus est eo, sed erat unus suorum inspirationum{{dubsig}}). Erat valedictor in suo [[lyceum|lyceo]], ab ubi graduavit{{dubsig}} uno anno mature. Suam careram{{dubsig}} musicam coepit quando erat [[discipulus]] in [[Universitas Polytechnica Californiensis|Universitate Polytechnica Californiensi]] in Sancto Ludovico Episcopo.{{dubsig}} <ref name="Conrad">{{cite journal |last=Conrad |first=Harold |editor-last=Guccione, Jr. |editor-first=Bob |date=August 1985 |title=The Glamorous Life Of Al Yankovic |journal=[[Spin (magazine)|SPIN]] |volume=1 |issue=4 |pages=48. – 50 |publisher=SPIN Media LLC |issn=0886-3032 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=TZaFMCee5HQC&pg=PA48 |accessdate=4 February 2013}}</ref> Erat{{dubsig}} hoc tempore quando{{dubsig}} apparuit on{{dubsig}} [[programma radiophonica|programmate radiophonica]] "Dr. Demento." ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|"Weird Al" Yankovic|Alfredum Yankovic}} {{Musica-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1959||Yankovic, Alfredus}} [[Categoria:Cantores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Musici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Satyrici]] i6lkynkxgei5s09ikbhx3ngfi0gmt64 0 51802 3962614 3953803 2026-05-30T12:33:47Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962614 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''Deipnosophistarum epitome''''' est forma brevior operis ''[[Deipnosophistae|Deipnosophistarum]]'' ab [[Athenaeus|Athenaeo]] scripti. Epitome ab erudito quodam Byzantino fortasse [[saeculum 10|saeculo X]] confecta est, nobisque utilis est quia libri I, II ''Deipnosophistarum'' originalium deperditi sunt, una cum initio libri III et paginis nonnullis ex aliis libris. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1937-1939 : ''Athenaei Dipnosophistarum epitome'' ex recensione S. P. Peppinki. Lugduni Batavorum. ([[editio princeps]] librorum III-XV) {{Ling|Graece}} * 1956 : ''Athénée de Naucratis: Les Deipnosophistes: livres I et II'' ed. A. M. Desrousseaux. Parisiis: Les Belles Lettres, 1956. (''[[Collection Budé]]'') [Libri I-II] {{Ling|Graece|Francogallice}} * 2006 : ''Athenaeus: The Learned Banqueters: books I-III.106c'' ed. et interpr. [[S. Douglas Olson]]. Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press. (''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'') ISBN 0-674-99620-8 [Libri I-III] {{Ling|Graece|Anglice}} * 2019- : Douglas Olson, ed., ''Athenaeus Naucratites: Deipnosophistae'': volumina quinque quorum prima non iam prodit. Berolini: De Gruyter, 2019- (''[[Bibliotheca Teubneriana]]'') ; Eruditio * W. G. Arnott, "Athenaeus and the Epitome: texts, manuscripts and early editions" in David Braund, John Wilkins, edd., ''Athenaeus and his world: reading Greek culture in the Roman Empire'' (Exoniae: University of Exeter Press, 2000) pp. 41-52 * C. Collard, "Athenaeus, the Epitome, Eustathius and quotations from tragedy" in ''Rivista di filologia e di istruzione classica'' vol. 97 (1969) pp. 157-179 * Benoît Louyest, "[https://journals.openedition.org/rursus/1045 L’épitomé du Banquet des sophistes d’Athénée: vers une étude comparative entre l’épitomé et le Marcianus]" in ''Rursus'' no. 8 (2012) * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160321230658/https://buleria.unileon.es/bitstream/handle/10612/954/Noriega%20Guillen.pdf?sequence=1 La reconstrucción del comienzo del Banquete de los eruditos a la luz de Ateneo V 186 E]" in J.-M. Nieto Ibáñez, ed., ''Lógos Hellenikós. Homenaje al Profesor Gaspar Morocho Gayo'', vol. I (Legione: Universidad de León, 2003) pp. 395-403 * R. Sharples, D. Minter, "Theophrastus on fungi: inaccurate citations in Athenaeus" (re vera in ''Epitoma'') in ''Journal of Hellenic studies'' vol. 103 (1983) pp. 154–156 == Nexus externi == ; Libri manuscripti * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b11004556x Codex C epitomae Athenaei] (Parisinus Suppl. Gr. 841) * [https://web.archive.org/web/20240218182616/http://mss.bmlonline.it/s.aspx?Id=AWOIt5JWI1A4r7GxMMXF&c=Athenaei%20opera#/oro/1 Codex E epitomae Athenaei] (Laurentianus plut. 60.2) ; Eruditio * Lucía Rodríguez-Noriega Guillén, ''[https://www.lnoriega.es/Ateneo.html Bibliografía sobre Ateneo de Náucratis]'' {{Penna}} [[Categoria:Litterae Graecae mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria]] [[Categoria:Libri philologici]] [[Categoria:Constantinopoleos scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 10]] e2133gsj6yqhyu0rz1d5o2g6bwg2qlt 0 55380 3962654 3959745 2026-05-30T14:51:52Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962654 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Polymerum'''{{FD ref}} (e [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecis]] vocabulis {{Polytonic|πολύ}} 'multum' et {{Polytonic|μέρος}} 'pars' compositum) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[molecula]]e, in qua multae parvulae moleculae (i.e. [[Monomerum|monomera]]) [[Vinculum chemicum|vinculis chemicis]] [[Catalysis|catalytice]] inter se coniunctae sunt. E numero partium dicuntur dimera, trimera, tetramera, pentamera, hexamera etc. Inter polymera numerantur [[plasticum|plastica]], [[cummis]], [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]], [[proteinum|proteina]]. == Plura legere si cupis == *Terje A. Skotheim, John Reynolds. ''Handbook of Conducting Polymers'', CRC Press, 2007 (tertia editio). 2 Volumina. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=MWbMBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Guglum librorum] Edited By {{chem-stipula}} [[categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} m42ilr3dvrezb6wjo434x8hnganw4lg 3962655 3962654 2026-05-30T14:52:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3962655 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Polymerum'''{{FD ref}} (e [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecis]] vocabulis {{Polytonic|πολύ}} 'multum' et {{Polytonic|μέρος}} 'pars' compositum) est [[compositum chemicum]] [[molecula]]e, in qua multae parvulae moleculae (i.e. [[Monomerum|monomera]]) [[Vinculum chemicum|vinculis chemicis]] [[Catalysis|catalytice]] inter se coniunctae sunt. E numero partium dicuntur dimera, trimera, tetramera, pentamera, hexamera etc. Inter polymera numerantur [[plasticum|plastica]], [[cummis]], [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]], [[proteinum|proteina]]. == Plura legere si cupis == *Terje A. Skotheim, John Reynolds. ''Handbook of Conducting Polymers'', CRC Press, 2007 (tertia editio). 2 Volumina. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=MWbMBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Guglum librorum] {{chem-stipula}} [[categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} plrb6j44ep5o6wbnw7rgqz0eoh5nxly 3962659 3962655 2026-05-30T14:56:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962659 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Polymerum'''{{FD ref}} (e [[Lingua Graeca antiqua|Graecis]] vocabulis {{Polytonic|πολύ}} 'multum' et {{Polytonic|μέρος}} 'pars' compositum) est [[compositum chemicum]] e magna [[molecula]] consistens, in qua multae parvulae moleculae (i.e. [[Monomerum|monomera]]) [[Vinculum chemicum|vinculis chemicis]] [[Catalysis|catalytice]] inter se coniunctae sunt. E numero partium dicuntur dimera, trimera, tetramera, pentamera, hexamera etc. Inter polymera numerantur [[plasticum|plastica]], [[cummis]], [[Acidum desoxyribonucleicum|DNA]], [[proteinum|proteina]]. == Plura legere si cupis == *Terje A. Skotheim, John Reynolds. ''Handbook of Conducting Polymers'', CRC Press, 2007 (tertia editio). 2 Volumina. [https://books.google.fr/books?id=MWbMBQAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Guglum librorum] {{chem-stipula}} [[categoria:Chemia]] {{Myrias|Physica}} 79xd4pg6syz13l5dqqsbx0u9ezun6vd 0 56646 3962649 3962579 2026-05-30T14:33:50Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962649 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Feta Greece 2.jpg|thumb|Pheta]] '''Pheta''' ([[Neograece]] ''φέτα'') est varietas [[caseus|casei]] in [[Graecia]] inventae. == Appellatio Originis Protecta == Caseus hoc nomine in civitatibus [[Europa]]eis venundatus debet in regione delimitata et in modis definitis fieri; [[Appellatio Originis Protecta|appellationem in Europa protectam]] habet. == Nexus externi == * [http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/qual/en/pgi_01en.htm De appellationibus lacticiniis Europaeis] {{Ling|Hispanice|Danice|Theodisce|Neograece|Anglice|Francogallice|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane|Batavice|Lusitanice|Finnice|Suecice}} {{Alimenta-stipula}} [[Categoria:Appellatio Originis Protecta]] [[Categoria:Casei Graeci]] [[Categoria:Casei lactibus variis confecti]] 0ufmg8zc27zx2rkn59z7r8uu58qncck 0 61839 3962645 3962541 2026-05-30T14:30:54Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962645 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Franklin D. Roosevelt and Gen. Henri Giraud in Casablanca - DPLA - da4b6b54c2003b4c30febd971817c405.gif|thumb|Generalis Henricus Giraud (ad dextram) et [[Franklinus D. Roosevelt]], [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum|Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[Casablanca]]e conveniunt.]] '''Henricus Honoratus Giraud''' (natus [[Lutetia]]e die [[18 Ianuarii]] [[1879]]; mortuus [[Divio]]ne die [[11 Martii]] [[1949]]) inter [[secundum bellum mundanum]] fuit [[Glossarium militare|generalis]] [[Francia|Francicus]]. == Opera == * Henri Giraud: ''Mes Évasions'', 1946 * Henri Giraud: ''Un seul but la victoire'', 1942-1944, 1949 == Nexus externus == [http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FRgiraud.htm De vita Henrici Giraud] {{Lifetime|1879|1949|Giraud, Henricus}} {{bio-stipula}} [[Categoria:Milites Franciae]] [[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Participes secundi belli mundani]] 35gorigb3fg02qjp8cp008j012xbnwv 0 71902 3962781 3614922 2026-05-31T11:39:47Z Amherst99 16100 /* Formae */ 3962781 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Non stipula}} [[Fasciculus:Rip gudenau.jpg|thumb|In crepidine huius sepulcri legi potest sigla «'''RIP'''» vel «'''Requiescat in pace'''»]] Haec sententia [[Latine]] dicta, saepe brevi coacta '''RIP''', maxime enuntiatur in exsequiis aut in sepulcris scribitur ad omen faustum animis vita defunctorum optandum. [[Ecclesia Catholica]] credentes vitam esse post mortem hortatur ad hanc precem (a qua sententia educta est) precandam: "[[Requiem]] aeternam dona eis Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis, requiescant in pace. Amen." == Formae == Sigla "'''RIP'''" aequalis [[Anglice]] (''Rest in peace'') et [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] (''Riposa in pace'') est. [[Hispanice]] autem convertitur "'''DEP'''" (''Descanse en paz''), [[Francice]] "'''REP'''" (''Repose en paix''). {{NexInt}} *[[Epitaphium]] *[[Funus (ritus)]] ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat}} [[Categoria:Locutiones Latinae]] 91d2ll3k91s8uji10ay0axer2g1zwxp 0 71953 3962727 3863193 2026-05-31T02:16:23Z SajoR 56247 3962727 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Coat of arms of Wilhelm von Reiser.svg|thumb]] [[File:Wappen Weihbischof Wilhelm Reiser.jpg|thumb|Insigne Gulielmi de Reiser, quando erat episcopus auxiliaris]] '''Gulielmus de Reiser''' (natus in [[Egesheim]] die [[13 Maii]] [[1835]]; mortuus est [[Ellwanga]]e die [[11 Maii]] [[1898]]) fuit theologus [[Germania|Theodiscus]], [[presbyter]] et Sumelocennae [[episcopus]]. ==Vita== Filius burgimagistri et textoris Leonardi Reiser theologiae atque philosophiae in [[Universitas Eberhardina Carolina]] [[Tubinga]]e studuit. Anno 1859 autem presbyter ordinatus est; annis inter 1870 et 1879 munere rectoris Conventus Gulielmi fungebatur. Variis officiis peractis anno 1879 capitularis cathedralis [[Sumelocenna]]e nominatus est. Annis inter 1880 et 1882 et iterum inter 1883 et 1886 senator in camera altera parlamenti [[Stuttgardia|Stuttgardiensis]] fuit. Die 31 Augusti 1886 pontifex maximus [[Leo XIII]] eum episcopum titularem Aeni et vicarium Sumelocennae successurum proclamavit. Episcopo [[carolus Iosephus de Hefele|Carolo Iosepho de Hefele]] defuncto succesio ista die 11 Iulii 1893 impleta est. Mandatum in curia publicum tunc sisti iussit. Contemporanei episcopum Reiser virum amabilem, modestum, gratum habuerunt. Reiser studio indefesso et diligentia inexhausta fuisse dicitur cuius episcopatus sub signo [[industrializatio]]nis erat. Doctrinas fundamentales iam papa Leo XIII in encyclica sua exhortativa cui titulus ''[[Rerum Novarum]]'' instituit. Tum episcopis labor concretus in populo faciendus erat. Reiser subventiones atque auxilia ferenda valde promovit et societates operariorum catholicas condi iussit. In [[Regnum Virtembergiae|Regno Virtembergiae]] istis diebus limites confessionum revera mutabantur, praesertim media in regione fluminis [[Nicer|Neccari]] et in urbibus. Reiser putabatur ''diasporae apostolus'' et prime ibi animarum curas et ecclesiarum constructionem propulsit. Sepultus est in crypta episcoporum Sülchen. Sodalis fuit in theologorum societate Tubingensi ''Herzyniae''. In oppido natali autem [[paedotropheum|nepiagogium]] pro episcopo Reiser nominatum est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20201020091425/https://www.egesheim.de/leben-wohnen/bildung-betreuung/kindergarten De paedotropheo in paginis municipalibus]</ref> == Lege etiam== * ''Bischof Dr. Wilhelm Reiser, 1893-1898''. In: Groß, Werner: Für Euch Bischof - Mit Euch Christ. Die Bischöfe der Diözese Rottenburg-Stuttgarti 1828-2003. Ostfildern 2003, pag. 37-41. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == * {{BBKL|r/reiser_w|auctor=Hubert Wolf|commentatio=REISER, Wilhelm von|tomus=7|columnae=1578-1581}} *[http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/bishop/breiser.html Reiser in hierarchia catholica] *[http://www.held.eu/de/Suelchen_Kapelle_1.php Sepultura episcoporum] {{DEFAULTSORT:Reiser, Gulielmus de}} [[Categoria:Incolae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] [[Categoria:Nati 1835]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1898]] ccyn0yemgfmdt0hg7yo3kt274pv6nkf 0 75663 3962721 3934474 2026-05-31T01:47:17Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Nuntium de pagina mensis|Nuntium de pagina mensis]]}}; de aliquibus nexibus rubris; minora 3962721 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 1861.png|thumb|350px|''Verberatio Castelli Sumter'' (1861) a Georgio Eduardo Perine (1837–1885) picta.]] {{res|Proelium Castelli Sumter}} ([[12 Aprilis|12]]–[[13 Aprilis]] [[1861]]) fuit verberatio deditioque [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] in sinu ante [[Carolopolis (Carolina Meridionalis)|Carolopolitem]] [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinae Meridionalis]] siti, proelium quod [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] coepit. ==Scaena==<!--Anglice: Background--> Carolina Meridionalis [[secessio]]nem ex [[Unio (CFA)|Unione]] brevi post victoriam [[Abraham Lincoln|Abrahami Lincoln]] in [[Comitia praesidentialia Civitatum Foederatarum anni 1860|Comitiis presidentialibus Civitatus Foederatarum anni 1860]] declaravit, et ante mensem Februarium [[1861]], sex plures civitates Meridionales declarationes similes fecerant. Die [[7 Februarii]], hae septem civitates scriptam pro [[Civitates Confoederatae Americae|Civitatibus Confoederatis Americae]] constitutionem ad tempus sanxerunt et eius caput [[Mons Gomerici (Alabama)|Montis Gomerici]] [[Alabama]]e instituerunt. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Conventus Pacis anni 1861||en|qid=Q7157355}} ut discrimen dissolveretur [[Vasintonia]]e convenit, sed negotium male gessit. [[Iacobus Buchanan|Praeses Buchanan]], legationem dimittens, mollestias in Carolina Meridionali recusavit, sed responsum militarem non fecit, quamquam auxilium [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] ex navi ''[[Stella Occidentis]]'' ([[Anglice]]: ''Star of the West'') suppeditare conatus est, quae [[navis]], a copiis Carolinae Meridionalis verberata, antequam ad [[castellum]] advenire potuerat reverta est (McPherson 1988:234–266). Die [[4 Martii]] [[1861]], Lincoln inauguratus est [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|praeses]]. In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Oratio aditiali Lincoln prima|oratio aditiali|en|qid=Q4668991}}, arguit propositum Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum fuisse “ut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Praeambulum Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum|perfectiorem unionem|en|qid=Q2407534}} formaretur” quam unio ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Articula Confoederationis|Articulis Confoederationis|en|qid=Q493620}} instituta, quae plane fuit perpetua; ergo Constitutio quoque necesse fuit perpetua. Rogavit num Constitutio, si pactum esset simplex, postularet omnes partes concinere ea rescindi, et pronuntiavit quaelibet [[secessio]]nis edicta “legitime inrita.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070817013208/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln1.htm First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln, Monday, March 4, 1861].</ref> Etiam dixit se in animo non habere civitates Meridianas invadere, nec in animo habere [[servitus|servitutem]] finire in civitatibus ubi iam erat [[lex|legitima]], sed se viribus uti ad tenendam proprietatem foederalem perpetuo. Peroratio [[homo|homines]] imploravit ut vincula Unionis redintegrarentur.<ref>Abraham Lincoln, Prima Oratio Inauguralis, 4 Martii 1861.</ref> Confoederatio legatos [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasintoniam]] misit qui fidem interposuerunt ut Meridionalis pro proprietatibus Foederatis pecuniam repraesentaret et foedus pacis cum Civitatibus Foederatis iceret; Lincoln autem conloquium cum negotiatoribus Confoederatis reiecit.<!-- on the grounds that the Confederacy was not a legitimate government, and that making any treaty with it would be tantamount to recognition of it as a sovereign government; [[Secretarius Civitatis (CFA)|Secretarius autem Civitatis]] [[Gulielmus H. Seward]] engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations that failed (Potter 1976:572-573).--> == Obsidio et negotia politicalia{{dubsig}} == [[Fasciculus:Fort sumter harpers weekly 02 retouched.jpg|thumb|Castellum Sumter ante proelium]] Sex dies postquam Carolina Meridionalis secesserat, [[Exercitus CFA|Exercitus Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Maior (CFA)|Maior]]{{dubsig}} [[Robertus Anderson (maior)|Robertus Anderson]] [[Castellum Moultrie]] reliquit, quod defendi non potuit, et eius octoginta quinque milites, legiones E et H [[Prima CFA Tormenta|Primorum Civitatum Foederatarum Tormentorum]] ([[Anglice]]: ''First U.S. Artillery'')<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100725173821/http://www.usregulars.com/usartillery/1us_art.html History of the 1st U.S. Artillery, Major William, 1st U.S. Artillery, Haskin, 1896].</ref>, ad Castellum Sumter clam intromisit. Is priori autumno nominatus erat dux praesidii Carolopolitis propter auctus acerbitatis, et [[Winfield Scott]], eo tempore [[Imperator Exercitus CFA|imperator]] Exercitus Civitatum Foederatarum, eum in fidem receperat.<!-- he was thought more capable of handling a crisis than the garrison's previous commander.--> Per autumnum, duces Carolinae Meridionalis habebant secessionem expropriatioque munimentorum Foederatorum in sinu esse inevitabiles. Acerbitate augente, aquae circa castellum—intus in civitate quae rite erat pars Civitatum Foederatarum situm—tam similes erant <!--increasingly--> [[obsidio]]nis quam duces Carolinae Meridionalis naves<!--picket ships--> ibi disposuerunt ut actiones copiarum custodirent et volentiam Foederatis minitati sunt cum quadraginta scopula<!--rifles--> ex urbano [[armamentarium|armamentario]] Foederato ad unum castellorum in portu translata sunt. Multa munimenta in portu constructa erant cum Castellum Sumter et Castellum Moultrie. Horum munimentorum, Castellum Moultrie, veterrimum, fuit praetorium praesidium; id autem designatum erat tantum suggestus [[cannona]]rum quae portum defenderent, et suae defensiones contra oppugationes terrenas erant tenues: per discrimen, diurna Carolopolitis memorabant congeries harenae<!--sand dunes--> tam contra valla auxisse quam milites muros facile scandere poterant.<!-- When the garrison began clearing away the dunes, the papers objected. Fort Sumter, by contrast, dominated the entrance to Charleston Harbor and was thought to be one of the strongest fortresses in the world once its construction was completed; in the autumn of 1860 work was nearly done, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper; however, it was much stronger than Fort Moultrie, and its location on a sandbar prevented the sort of land assault to which Fort Moultrie was vulnerable.--> [[Fasciculus:Fort Sumter model 149306.jpg|thumb|left|Exemplum Castelli Sumter ut videbatur anno 1861 ante oppugnationem]] Nocte [[26 Decembris]] [[1860]], Anderson [[cannona]]s Castelli Moultrie destruxit et eius imperium ad Castellum Sumter transtulit. Duces Carolinae Meridionalis hoc negotium habentes foedus ruptum, poposcerunt castellum relictum. Tirones ex [[Arx (collegium)|Arce]], collegio militari, eo tempore soli verberatores exercitati ([[Anglice]]: ''trained artillerists'') in militia Carolinae Meridionalis, tormenta iaculati sunt.<!-- Following the formation of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] in early February, there was some internal debate among the secessionists as to whether the capture of the fort was rightly a matter for the State of South Carolina or the newly declared national government in [[Montgomery, Alabama]]. South Carolina Governor [[Francis W. Pickens]] was among the [[states' rights]] advocates who felt that all of the property in Charleston harbor had reverted to South Carolina upon that state's secession as an independent commonwealth. This debate ran alongside another discussion as to how aggressively the properties—including Forts Sumter and Pickens—should be obtained. [[Jefferson Davis]], like his counterpart in [[Vasintonia]], preferred that his side not be seen as the aggressor. Both sides believed that the first side to use force would lose precious political support in the border states, whose allegiance was undetermined; prior to Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, five states had voted ''against'' [[secessio]]n, including [[Virginia]], and Lincoln openly offered to evacuate Fort Sumter if it would guarantee Virginia's loyalty (Detzer 2001:212). When asked about that offer, Lincoln commented, “A state for a fort is no bad business.”</ref> In March, [[Brigadier General (CSA)|Brig. Gen.]] [[P.G.T. Beauregard]] took command of South Carolina forces in Charleston; on March 1, Davis had appointed him the first [[General|general officer]] in the armed forces of the new Confederacy (Eicher 2001:810), specifically to take command of the siege. Beauregard made repeated demands that the Union force either surrender or withdraw and took steps to ensure that no supplies from the city were available to the defenders, whose food was running out. He also increased drills amongst the South Carolina [[militia]], training them to operate the guns they manned. Anderson had been Beauregard's artillery instructor apud [[Militaris Civitatum Foederatarum Academia|Promontorium Occidentalem]]; ei had been especially close, and Beauregard had become Anderson's assistant after graduation. Both sides spent the month of March drilling and improving their fortifications to the best of their abilities.--> Ante diem [[4 Aprilis]] [[1861]], Lincoln,<!--discovering that supplies in the fort were shorter than he had previously known, and--> credens expeditionem suppeditationis fieri potesse, iussit naves mercatorias a [[Classis CFA|Classi Civitatum Foederatarum]] Carolopolitem deduci. Die [[6 Aprilis]], ipse [[Francisus W. Pickens|Franciscum W. Pickens]] Gubernatorem Carolinae Meridinae monuit sic: “Conatus Castelli Sumter solum alimentis suppeditati fiet, et si conatus non resistetur, nullam operam dabitur ut homines, arma, vel ammunitio comprehendantur, casu oppugnationis munimenti excepto.” Penes <!--In response,--> quos summa rerum Confoederationis erat, [[Montgomeria]]e{{dubsig}} conventi, die [[9 Aprilis]] constituerunt Castellum Sumpter verberari ut se dedi fiat ante adventum classis quae auxilium ferebat. Solum [[Robertus Toombs]], Confoederationis Secretarius Civitatis, iudicium opposuit: habetur dixisse ad [[Jefferson Davis]] oppugnationem “nobis amittere omnem in Septentrionalibus amicum.” Inquit: “Nidum petulanter feribitis crabronum. . . . Legiones nunc quietae effundebuntur et nos ad mortem pungent. Non est necessarium. Id nos malos facit. Id est exitiale” (Ward, Burns, et Burns 1990:38). Confoederationis Secretarius Belli per [[telegramma]] iussit Beauregard, si esset certus castellum vi suppeditari: “Statim deductionem militum de castello posces, et hac postulatione recusata, quocunque modo quem eligas, fac ut eum expugnes.” Beauregard legatos ad Castellum Sumter die [[11 Aprilis]] misit, qui castelli deditionem poposcerunt. Anderson recusavit, quamquam habetur dixisse: “Homines, si vos castellum circa nos non perfringitis, fame post paucos dies conficimur.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923011635/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/12/hh12f.htm ''The Confederates Demand Fort Sumter's Evacuation,'' National Park Service historical handbook]</ref> == Verberatio == [[Fasciculus:Confederate Batteries 2.jpg|thumb|Verberatio castelli a [[miles|militibus]] Confoederatis facta.]] Disceptationes post mediam noctem erant futiles. Hora 3:20 ante meridiem, die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1861]], legati Confoederationis Anderson nuntiaverunt se una hora posthac castellum verberare incipere. Hora 4:30 a.m., singularis testa mortaria ([[Anglice]]: ''mortar shell''), ex Castello Johnson emissa, super Castellum Sumter dirupta est—signum initii verberationis et belli. Mox quadraginta tres cannonae et mortaria{{dubsig}}<!--mortars--> in [[Castellum Moultrie|Castello Moultrie]], Castello Johnson, [[Tormenta Innans Portus Carolopolitis|Tormentis Innantes Portus Carolopolitis]], et Puncto Cummings castellum verberabant. [[Edmundus Ruffin]], secessionista notabilis, qui Carolopolitem iverat ut belli initio praesens esset, prima tela ad Sumter emisit post teli signum iactum.<!-- Anderson withheld his fire until 7:00 a.m., when [[Capitaneus (Exercitus CFA)|Capitaneus]]{{dubsig}} [[Abner Doubleday]] fired a shot at the Ironclad Battery at Cummings Point. But there was little Anderson could do with his sexaginta cannonis; he deliberately avoided using guns that were situated in the fort where casualties were likely. The fort's best cannons were mounted on the uppermost of its three tiers, where his troops were most exposed to enemy fire. The fort had been designed to hold out against a naval assault, and naval warships of the time did not mount guns capable of elevating to fire over the walls of the fort; however, the land-based cannons manned by the South Carolina militia were capable of landing such indirect fire on Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter's praesidium could safely fire the guns only on the lower levels, which themselves, by virtue of being in stone emplacements, were largely incapable of indirect fire that could seriously threaten Fort Moultrie. Praeterea, quamquam Foederati had moved as much of their supplies to Fort Sumter as they could manage, the fort was low on ammunition, and was nearly out at the end of the 34-hour bombardment.--> Verberatio Castelli Sumter ex tormentis circa portum habitatores Carolopolitis expergefecit, [[Maria Chesnut]] diarista non exclusa, qui in obscuritate ante primam lucem observabant dum testae arcus super aquam faciebant et intra castellum dirumpebant.<ref>Chesnut, n.p.</ref> Durabat verberatio per noctem usque tempus matutinum, cum, testa habitationem praefectorum percussens, incendium inflammavit quod armamentarium praecipuum in discrimen adduxit. == Deditio == [[Fasciculus:US 33 Star Fort Sumter Flag.svg|thumb|[[Vexillum Castelli Sumter]]]] [[Fasciculus:Fort Sumter telegram.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Telegramma a Roberto Anderson misum quod deditionem Castelli Sumter nuntiavit.]] Medius castelli longurius vexilli<!--flagpole--> etiam cecidit. Dum vexillum deerat, antequam praesidium longurium subitarium tollere posset, nuntii Confoederati advenerunt ut rogent num vexillum deditione demittum fuisset. Anderson indutias postulavit hora 2:00 p.m. proximo die, [[13 Aprilis]] [[1861]].<!-- Terms for the garrison's withdrawal were settled by that evening and the Union garrison surrendered the fort to Confederate personnel at 2:30 p.m., April 14. No one from either side was killed during the bombardment, with only five Union and four Confederate soldiers severely injured.--> Per decoram vexillo Civitatum Foederatarum salutationem centum cannonarum—solam Anderson condicionem deditionis—congeries testarum scintillá diruperunt et unum militem, Privatum Danielem Hough, confestim necavit et reliquos cannonarios graviter vulneravit, unum, Privatum Eduardum Galloway, mortifero vulnere; hi erant primi belli mortui (Eicher 200:41). Salutatio finita est post quinquaginta tela. Galloway et alius cannonarius vulneratus ad valetudinarium Carolopolitis misi sunt, ubi Galloway mortuus est. Alius miles convaluit et deinde in Septentrionales misus est sine permutatione. Copiae Unionis ducti sunt in navem Confoederatam vapore propulsam, ubi pernoctabant et super quem matutino tempore translati sunt ad ''Baltic,'' Unionis vapore propulsam navem, quae extra pulvinum<!--bar, sandbar--> portus manebat (Ripley 1992:20). Milites, cum [[mulier]]ibus et liberis tuto translati sunt ad territorium Unionis a classi Foederata cuius adventus exspectatus sicut classis suppeditans oppugnationem subiecerat. Anderson ipse [[Vexillum Castelli Sumter]] in Septentriones rettulit, ubi id celebre factum est signum proelii et Unionis adiutoribus res restitutionis.<!--rallying point--> == Exitus == [[Fasciculus:Fort sumter 1861.jpg|thumb|left|Vexillum Confoederatum in Castello Sumter post deditionem anni 1861 fluitat.]] [[Fasciculus:FortSumter1865.jpg|thumb|350px|Castellum Sumter anno 1863]] Verberatio Castelli Sumter fuit prima Belli Civilis Americani pugna militaris. Post deditionem, Septentrionales postulationem Lincoln libenter accipiebant ut omnes civitates voluntarios mittant ad castella iterum capienda (Burgess 1901:173) et Unionem conservandam.<!-- With the scale of the rebellion apparently small so far,--> Lincoln septuaginta quinque milia voluntariorum pro diebus novaginta poposcit (McPherson 1988:274). Nonnullos menses ante, gubernatores Septentrionales cives ad hostem propulsandum armatos exercuerant; proximo die, copias mittere coeperunt (Schouler 1868:35). Bellum quattuor annos perdurabat, et reapse finivit mense Aprili [[1865]], post deditionem Ducis [[Robertus Eduardus Lee|Roberti E. Lee]] [[Exercitus Virginiae Septentrionalis]]. Portus Carolopolitis in manibus Confoederationis omne per bellum manebat, gravis in navali Unionis obsidione rima. Copiae Unionis castellum ceperunt statim post deditionem Lee et lapsum Confoederationis. Die [[14 Aprilis]] [[1865]], quartus festus dies anniversarius post [[Vexillum Castelli Sumter|vexillum castelli]] in deditione demisum est, Anderson, tum maior generalis,{{dubsig}} quamquam aegrotus et in vitá privatá (Eicher 2001:834), eum super castellum iterum elevavit. Duae [[cannona]]e in Castello Sumter adhibitae [[Universitas Civitatis Ludovicianae|Universitati Civitatis Ludovicianae]] deinde datae sunt a Duce [[Gulielmus Tecumseh Sherman|Gulielmo Tecumseh Sherman]], qui ante belli initium fuerat [[universitas|universitatis]] praeses.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120327092445/http://appl003.lsu.edu/artsci/milscience.nsf/%24Content/Unit%2BHistory?OpenDocument Louisiana State University Army ROTC unit history].</ref> == Bibliographia == * Burgess, John Williams. [[1901]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNs9h5pEpisC&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP5,M1 The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865].'' C. Scribner's Sons. * [[Mary Chesnut|Chesnut, Mary]]. [[1905]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050529081116/http://docsouth.unc.edu/chesnut/maryches.html ''Diary of Mary Chesnut'']. D. Appleton and Company. * Detzer, David. [[2001]]. ''Allegiance: Fort Sumter, Charleston, and the Beginning of the Civil War.'' Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-100641-5. * [[David J. Eicher|Eicher, David J.]]. [[2001]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1 The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War].'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84944-5. * Eicher, John H., et David J. Eicher. [[2001]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Fs0Ajlnjl6AC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1 Civil War High Commands].'' Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. * Hendrickson, Robert. [[1996]]. ''Sumter: The First Day of the Civil War.'' Promontory Press. ISBN 0-88394-095-7. * Klein, Maury. [[1997]]. ''Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession and the Coming of the Civil War.'' Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44747-4. * Ripley, Warren. [[1992]]. “War's First Death Accidental.” In ''The Civil War at Charleston,'' editus ab Arthur M. Wilcox et Warren Ripley, p. 20. Ed sexto decimo. Evening-Post Publishing Co. * Schouler, Gulielmus Schouler. [[1868]]. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1582180016&id=ub8cqVKoXwgC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA34&vq=baltimore&dq=schouler+massachusetts+civil&sig=g5za9rXjH9ttx1vzmWNN39F3YFQ ''Massachusetts in the Civil War'']. * UK History Channel. N.d. “The American Civil War.” * Ward, Geoffrey C., Ric Burns, et Ken Burns. [[1990]]. ''The Civil War: An Illustrated History.'' Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-56285-8. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Fort Sumter}} * [http://www.nps.gov/fosu/ Nationale Castelli Sumter Monumentum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413190133/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/12/index.htm National Park Service Historical Handbook] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090812103324/http://www.tulane.edu/~sumter/index.html Discrimen apud Castellum Fort Sumter] * [http://www.civilwarhome.com/CMHsumter.htm Details of requests for surrender prior to the battle] * [http://www.civilwarhome.com/sumterownership.htm Discussion of transfer of federal property within state boundaries] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110324202211/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/sc001.htm National Park Service battle description] {{Bellum 1861 Civile}} {{Appendicula de hac pagina| {{Nuntium de pagina mensis|6|2026}} }} [[Categoria:Carolina Meridionalis in Bello Civili Americano]] [[Categoria:Carolopolis (Carolina Meridionalis)]] [[Categoria:Discrimen secessionis annorum 1860 et 1861]] [[Categoria:Obsessiones Belli Civilis Americani]] [[Categoria:Proelia Belli Civilis Americani]] [[Categoria:Victoriae Confoederatae Belli Civilis Americani|Castellum Sumter]] [[Categoria:1861]] 7qf0bd7nlv9p43u4qrksmb8wgryif7x 3962726 3962721 2026-05-31T01:52:15Z Grufo 64423 3962726 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 1861.png|thumb|350px|''Verberatio Castelli Sumter'' (1861) a Georgio Eduardo Perine (1837–1885) picta.]] {{res|Proelium Castelli Sumter}} ([[12 Aprilis|12]]–[[13 Aprilis]] [[1861]]) fuit verberatio deditioque [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] in sinu ante [[Carolopolis (Carolina Meridionalis)|Carolopolitem]] [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinae Meridionalis]] siti, proelium quod [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] coepit. ==Scaena==<!--Anglice: Background--> Carolina Meridionalis [[secessio]]nem ex [[Unio (CFA)|Unione]] brevi post victoriam [[Abraham Lincoln|Abrahami Lincoln]] in [[Comitia praesidentialia Civitatum Foederatarum anni 1860|Comitiis presidentialibus Civitatus Foederatarum anni 1860]] declaravit, et ante mensem Februarium [[1861]], sex plures civitates Meridionales declarationes similes fecerant. Die [[7 Februarii]], hae septem civitates scriptam pro [[Civitates Confoederatae Americae|Civitatibus Confoederatis Americae]] constitutionem ad tempus sanxerunt et eius caput [[Mons Gomerici (Alabama)|Montis Gomerici]] [[Alabama]]e instituerunt. {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Conventus Pacis anni 1861||en|qid=Q7157355}} ut discrimen dissolveretur [[Vasintonia]]e convenit, sed negotium male gessit. [[Iacobus Buchanan|Praeses Buchanan]], legationem dimittens, mollestias in Carolina Meridionali recusavit, sed responsum militarem non fecit, quamquam auxilium [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] ex navi ''[[Stella Occidentis]]'' ([[Anglice]]: ''Star of the West'') suppeditare conatus est, quae [[navis]], a copiis Carolinae Meridionalis verberata, antequam ad [[castellum]] advenire potuerat reverta est (McPherson 1988:234–266). Die [[4 Martii]] [[1861]], Lincoln inauguratus est [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|praeses]]. In {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Oratio aditiali Lincoln prima|oratione aditiali|en|qid=Q4668991}}, arguit propositum Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum fuisse “ut {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Praeambulum Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum|perfectiorem unionem|en|qid=Q2407534}} formaretur” quam unio ab {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Articula Confoederationis|Articulis Confoederationis|en|qid=Q493620}} instituta, quae plane fuit perpetua; ergo Constitutio quoque necesse fuit perpetua. Rogavit num Constitutio, si pactum esset simplex, postularet omnes partes concinere ea rescindi, et pronuntiavit quaelibet [[secessio]]nis edicta “legitime inrita.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070817013208/http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/presiden/inaug/lincoln1.htm First Inaugural Address of Abraham Lincoln, Monday, March 4, 1861].</ref> Etiam dixit se in animo non habere civitates Meridianas invadere, nec in animo habere [[servitus|servitutem]] finire in civitatibus ubi iam erat [[lex|legitima]], sed se viribus uti ad tenendam proprietatem foederalem perpetuo. Peroratio [[homo|homines]] imploravit ut vincula Unionis redintegrarentur.<ref>Abraham Lincoln, Prima Oratio Inauguralis, 4 Martii 1861.</ref> Confoederatio legatos [[Vasingtonia (D.C.)|Vasintoniam]] misit qui fidem interposuerunt ut Meridionalis pro proprietatibus Foederatis pecuniam repraesentaret et foedus pacis cum Civitatibus Foederatis iceret; Lincoln autem conloquium cum negotiatoribus Confoederatis reiecit.<!-- on the grounds that the Confederacy was not a legitimate government, and that making any treaty with it would be tantamount to recognition of it as a sovereign government; [[Secretarius Civitatis (CFA)|Secretarius autem Civitatis]] [[Gulielmus H. Seward]] engaged in unauthorized and indirect negotiations that failed (Potter 1976:572-573).--> == Obsidio et negotia politicalia{{dubsig}} == [[Fasciculus:Fort sumter harpers weekly 02 retouched.jpg|thumb|Castellum Sumter ante proelium]] Sex dies postquam Carolina Meridionalis secesserat, [[Exercitus CFA|Exercitus Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Maior (CFA)|Maior]]{{dubsig}} [[Robertus Anderson (maior)|Robertus Anderson]] [[Castellum Moultrie]] reliquit, quod defendi non potuit, et eius octoginta quinque milites, legiones E et H [[Prima CFA Tormenta|Primorum Civitatum Foederatarum Tormentorum]] ([[Anglice]]: ''First U.S. Artillery'')<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20100725173821/http://www.usregulars.com/usartillery/1us_art.html History of the 1st U.S. Artillery, Major William, 1st U.S. Artillery, Haskin, 1896].</ref>, ad Castellum Sumter clam intromisit. Is priori autumno nominatus erat dux praesidii Carolopolitis propter auctus acerbitatis, et [[Winfield Scott]], eo tempore [[Imperator Exercitus CFA|imperator]] Exercitus Civitatum Foederatarum, eum in fidem receperat.<!-- he was thought more capable of handling a crisis than the garrison's previous commander.--> Per autumnum, duces Carolinae Meridionalis habebant secessionem expropriatioque munimentorum Foederatorum in sinu esse inevitabiles. Acerbitate augente, aquae circa castellum—intus in civitate quae rite erat pars Civitatum Foederatarum situm—tam similes erant <!--increasingly--> [[obsidio]]nis quam duces Carolinae Meridionalis naves<!--picket ships--> ibi disposuerunt ut actiones copiarum custodirent et volentiam Foederatis minitati sunt cum quadraginta scopula<!--rifles--> ex urbano [[armamentarium|armamentario]] Foederato ad unum castellorum in portu translata sunt. Multa munimenta in portu constructa erant cum Castellum Sumter et Castellum Moultrie. Horum munimentorum, Castellum Moultrie, veterrimum, fuit praetorium praesidium; id autem designatum erat tantum suggestus [[cannona]]rum quae portum defenderent, et suae defensiones contra oppugationes terrenas erant tenues: per discrimen, diurna Carolopolitis memorabant congeries harenae<!--sand dunes--> tam contra valla auxisse quam milites muros facile scandere poterant.<!-- When the garrison began clearing away the dunes, the papers objected. Fort Sumter, by contrast, dominated the entrance to Charleston Harbor and was thought to be one of the strongest fortresses in the world once its construction was completed; in the autumn of 1860 work was nearly done, but the fortress was thus far garrisoned by a single soldier, who functioned as a lighthouse keeper; however, it was much stronger than Fort Moultrie, and its location on a sandbar prevented the sort of land assault to which Fort Moultrie was vulnerable.--> [[Fasciculus:Fort Sumter model 149306.jpg|thumb|left|Exemplum Castelli Sumter ut videbatur anno 1861 ante oppugnationem]] Nocte [[26 Decembris]] [[1860]], Anderson [[cannona]]s Castelli Moultrie destruxit et eius imperium ad Castellum Sumter transtulit. Duces Carolinae Meridionalis hoc negotium habentes foedus ruptum, poposcerunt castellum relictum. Tirones ex [[Arx (collegium)|Arce]], collegio militari, eo tempore soli verberatores exercitati ([[Anglice]]: ''trained artillerists'') in militia Carolinae Meridionalis, tormenta iaculati sunt.<!-- Following the formation of the [[Confederate States of America|Confederacy]] in early February, there was some internal debate among the secessionists as to whether the capture of the fort was rightly a matter for the State of South Carolina or the newly declared national government in [[Montgomery, Alabama]]. South Carolina Governor [[Francis W. Pickens]] was among the [[states' rights]] advocates who felt that all of the property in Charleston harbor had reverted to South Carolina upon that state's secession as an independent commonwealth. This debate ran alongside another discussion as to how aggressively the properties—including Forts Sumter and Pickens—should be obtained. [[Jefferson Davis]], like his counterpart in [[Vasintonia]], preferred that his side not be seen as the aggressor. Both sides believed that the first side to use force would lose precious political support in the border states, whose allegiance was undetermined; prior to Lincoln's inauguration on March 4, five states had voted ''against'' [[secessio]]n, including [[Virginia]], and Lincoln openly offered to evacuate Fort Sumter if it would guarantee Virginia's loyalty (Detzer 2001:212). When asked about that offer, Lincoln commented, “A state for a fort is no bad business.”</ref> In March, [[Brigadier General (CSA)|Brig. Gen.]] [[P.G.T. Beauregard]] took command of South Carolina forces in Charleston; on March 1, Davis had appointed him the first [[General|general officer]] in the armed forces of the new Confederacy (Eicher 2001:810), specifically to take command of the siege. Beauregard made repeated demands that the Union force either surrender or withdraw and took steps to ensure that no supplies from the city were available to the defenders, whose food was running out. He also increased drills amongst the South Carolina [[militia]], training them to operate the guns they manned. Anderson had been Beauregard's artillery instructor apud [[Militaris Civitatum Foederatarum Academia|Promontorium Occidentalem]]; ei had been especially close, and Beauregard had become Anderson's assistant after graduation. Both sides spent the month of March drilling and improving their fortifications to the best of their abilities.--> Ante diem [[4 Aprilis]] [[1861]], Lincoln,<!--discovering that supplies in the fort were shorter than he had previously known, and--> credens expeditionem suppeditationis fieri potesse, iussit naves mercatorias a [[Classis CFA|Classi Civitatum Foederatarum]] Carolopolitem deduci. Die [[6 Aprilis]], ipse [[Francisus W. Pickens|Franciscum W. Pickens]] Gubernatorem Carolinae Meridinae monuit sic: “Conatus Castelli Sumter solum alimentis suppeditati fiet, et si conatus non resistetur, nullam operam dabitur ut homines, arma, vel ammunitio comprehendantur, casu oppugnationis munimenti excepto.” Penes <!--In response,--> quos summa rerum Confoederationis erat, [[Montgomeria]]e{{dubsig}} conventi, die [[9 Aprilis]] constituerunt Castellum Sumpter verberari ut se dedi fiat ante adventum classis quae auxilium ferebat. Solum [[Robertus Toombs]], Confoederationis Secretarius Civitatis, iudicium opposuit: habetur dixisse ad [[Jefferson Davis]] oppugnationem “nobis amittere omnem in Septentrionalibus amicum.” Inquit: “Nidum petulanter feribitis crabronum. . . . Legiones nunc quietae effundebuntur et nos ad mortem pungent. Non est necessarium. Id nos malos facit. Id est exitiale” (Ward, Burns, et Burns 1990:38). Confoederationis Secretarius Belli per [[telegramma]] iussit Beauregard, si esset certus castellum vi suppeditari: “Statim deductionem militum de castello posces, et hac postulatione recusata, quocunque modo quem eligas, fac ut eum expugnes.” Beauregard legatos ad Castellum Sumter die [[11 Aprilis]] misit, qui castelli deditionem poposcerunt. Anderson recusavit, quamquam habetur dixisse: “Homines, si vos castellum circa nos non perfringitis, fame post paucos dies conficimur.”<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130923011635/http://www.cr.nps.gov/history/online_books/hh/12/hh12f.htm ''The Confederates Demand Fort Sumter's Evacuation,'' National Park Service historical handbook]</ref> == Verberatio == [[Fasciculus:Confederate Batteries 2.jpg|thumb|Verberatio castelli a [[miles|militibus]] Confoederatis facta.]] Disceptationes post mediam noctem erant futiles. Hora 3:20 ante meridiem, die [[12 Aprilis]] [[1861]], legati Confoederationis Anderson nuntiaverunt se una hora posthac castellum verberare incipere. Hora 4:30 a.m., singularis testa mortaria ([[Anglice]]: ''mortar shell''), ex Castello Johnson emissa, super Castellum Sumter dirupta est—signum initii verberationis et belli. Mox quadraginta tres cannonae et mortaria{{dubsig}}<!--mortars--> in [[Castellum Moultrie|Castello Moultrie]], Castello Johnson, [[Tormenta Innans Portus Carolopolitis|Tormentis Innantes Portus Carolopolitis]], et Puncto Cummings castellum verberabant. [[Edmundus Ruffin]], secessionista notabilis, qui Carolopolitem iverat ut belli initio praesens esset, prima tela ad Sumter emisit post teli signum iactum.<!-- Anderson withheld his fire until 7:00 a.m., when [[Capitaneus (Exercitus CFA)|Capitaneus]]{{dubsig}} [[Abner Doubleday]] fired a shot at the Ironclad Battery at Cummings Point. But there was little Anderson could do with his sexaginta cannonis; he deliberately avoided using guns that were situated in the fort where casualties were likely. The fort's best cannons were mounted on the uppermost of its three tiers, where his troops were most exposed to enemy fire. The fort had been designed to hold out against a naval assault, and naval warships of the time did not mount guns capable of elevating to fire over the walls of the fort; however, the land-based cannons manned by the South Carolina militia were capable of landing such indirect fire on Fort Sumter. Fort Sumter's praesidium could safely fire the guns only on the lower levels, which themselves, by virtue of being in stone emplacements, were largely incapable of indirect fire that could seriously threaten Fort Moultrie. Praeterea, quamquam Foederati had moved as much of their supplies to Fort Sumter as they could manage, the fort was low on ammunition, and was nearly out at the end of the 34-hour bombardment.--> Verberatio Castelli Sumter ex tormentis circa portum habitatores Carolopolitis expergefecit, [[Maria Chesnut]] diarista non exclusa, qui in obscuritate ante primam lucem observabant dum testae arcus super aquam faciebant et intra castellum dirumpebant.<ref>Chesnut, n.p.</ref> Durabat verberatio per noctem usque tempus matutinum, cum, testa habitationem praefectorum percussens, incendium inflammavit quod armamentarium praecipuum in discrimen adduxit. == Deditio == [[Fasciculus:US 33 Star Fort Sumter Flag.svg|thumb|[[Vexillum Castelli Sumter]]]] [[Fasciculus:Fort Sumter telegram.jpg|left|thumb|200px|Telegramma a Roberto Anderson misum quod deditionem Castelli Sumter nuntiavit.]] Medius castelli longurius vexilli<!--flagpole--> etiam cecidit. Dum vexillum deerat, antequam praesidium longurium subitarium tollere posset, nuntii Confoederati advenerunt ut rogent num vexillum deditione demittum fuisset. Anderson indutias postulavit hora 2:00 p.m. proximo die, [[13 Aprilis]] [[1861]].<!-- Terms for the garrison's withdrawal were settled by that evening and the Union garrison surrendered the fort to Confederate personnel at 2:30 p.m., April 14. No one from either side was killed during the bombardment, with only five Union and four Confederate soldiers severely injured.--> Per decoram vexillo Civitatum Foederatarum salutationem centum cannonarum—solam Anderson condicionem deditionis—congeries testarum scintillá diruperunt et unum militem, Privatum Danielem Hough, confestim necavit et reliquos cannonarios graviter vulneravit, unum, Privatum Eduardum Galloway, mortifero vulnere; hi erant primi belli mortui (Eicher 200:41). Salutatio finita est post quinquaginta tela. Galloway et alius cannonarius vulneratus ad valetudinarium Carolopolitis misi sunt, ubi Galloway mortuus est. Alius miles convaluit et deinde in Septentrionales misus est sine permutatione. Copiae Unionis ducti sunt in navem Confoederatam vapore propulsam, ubi pernoctabant et super quem matutino tempore translati sunt ad ''Baltic,'' Unionis vapore propulsam navem, quae extra pulvinum<!--bar, sandbar--> portus manebat (Ripley 1992:20). Milites, cum [[mulier]]ibus et liberis tuto translati sunt ad territorium Unionis a classi Foederata cuius adventus exspectatus sicut classis suppeditans oppugnationem subiecerat. Anderson ipse [[Vexillum Castelli Sumter]] in Septentriones rettulit, ubi id celebre factum est signum proelii et Unionis adiutoribus res restitutionis.<!--rallying point--> == Exitus == [[Fasciculus:Fort sumter 1861.jpg|thumb|left|Vexillum Confoederatum in Castello Sumter post deditionem anni 1861 fluitat.]] [[Fasciculus:FortSumter1865.jpg|thumb|350px|Castellum Sumter anno 1863]] Verberatio Castelli Sumter fuit prima Belli Civilis Americani pugna militaris. Post deditionem, Septentrionales postulationem Lincoln libenter accipiebant ut omnes civitates voluntarios mittant ad castella iterum capienda (Burgess 1901:173) et Unionem conservandam.<!-- With the scale of the rebellion apparently small so far,--> Lincoln septuaginta quinque milia voluntariorum pro diebus novaginta poposcit (McPherson 1988:274). Nonnullos menses ante, gubernatores Septentrionales cives ad hostem propulsandum armatos exercuerant; proximo die, copias mittere coeperunt (Schouler 1868:35). Bellum quattuor annos perdurabat, et reapse finivit mense Aprili [[1865]], post deditionem Ducis [[Robertus Eduardus Lee|Roberti E. Lee]] [[Exercitus Virginiae Septentrionalis]]. Portus Carolopolitis in manibus Confoederationis omne per bellum manebat, gravis in navali Unionis obsidione rima. Copiae Unionis castellum ceperunt statim post deditionem Lee et lapsum Confoederationis. Die [[14 Aprilis]] [[1865]], quartus festus dies anniversarius post [[Vexillum Castelli Sumter|vexillum castelli]] in deditione demisum est, Anderson, tum maior generalis,{{dubsig}} quamquam aegrotus et in vitá privatá (Eicher 2001:834), eum super castellum iterum elevavit. Duae [[cannona]]e in Castello Sumter adhibitae [[Universitas Civitatis Ludovicianae|Universitati Civitatis Ludovicianae]] deinde datae sunt a Duce [[Gulielmus Tecumseh Sherman|Gulielmo Tecumseh Sherman]], qui ante belli initium fuerat [[universitas|universitatis]] praeses.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120327092445/http://appl003.lsu.edu/artsci/milscience.nsf/%24Content/Unit%2BHistory?OpenDocument Louisiana State University Army ROTC unit history].</ref> == Bibliographia == * Burgess, John Williams. [[1901]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=qNs9h5pEpisC&printsec=titlepage&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP5,M1 The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865].'' C. Scribner's Sons. * [[Mary Chesnut|Chesnut, Mary]]. [[1905]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20050529081116/http://docsouth.unc.edu/chesnut/maryches.html ''Diary of Mary Chesnut'']. D. Appleton and Company. * Detzer, David. [[2001]]. ''Allegiance: Fort Sumter, Charleston, and the Beginning of the Civil War.'' Harcourt. ISBN 0-15-100641-5. * [[David J. Eicher|Eicher, David J.]]. [[2001]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=1p94XzYASDAC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1 The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War].'' Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-84944-5. * Eicher, John H., et David J. Eicher. [[2001]]. ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=Fs0Ajlnjl6AC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0#PPP1,M1 Civil War High Commands].'' Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-3641-3. * Hendrickson, Robert. [[1996]]. ''Sumter: The First Day of the Civil War.'' Promontory Press. ISBN 0-88394-095-7. * Klein, Maury. [[1997]]. ''Days of Defiance: Sumter, Secession and the Coming of the Civil War.'' Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-679-44747-4. * Ripley, Warren. [[1992]]. “War's First Death Accidental.” In ''The Civil War at Charleston,'' editus ab Arthur M. Wilcox et Warren Ripley, p. 20. Ed sexto decimo. Evening-Post Publishing Co. * Schouler, Gulielmus Schouler. [[1868]]. [http://books.google.com/books?vid=ISBN1582180016&id=ub8cqVKoXwgC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA34&vq=baltimore&dq=schouler+massachusetts+civil&sig=g5za9rXjH9ttx1vzmWNN39F3YFQ ''Massachusetts in the Civil War'']. * UK History Channel. N.d. “The American Civil War.” * Ward, Geoffrey C., Ric Burns, et Ken Burns. [[1990]]. ''The Civil War: An Illustrated History.'' Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 978-0-394-56285-8. == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Fort Sumter}} * [http://www.nps.gov/fosu/ Nationale Castelli Sumter Monumentum] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140413190133/http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/hh/12/index.htm National Park Service Historical Handbook] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090812103324/http://www.tulane.edu/~sumter/index.html Discrimen apud Castellum Fort Sumter] * [http://www.civilwarhome.com/CMHsumter.htm Details of requests for surrender prior to the battle] * [http://www.civilwarhome.com/sumterownership.htm Discussion of transfer of federal property within state boundaries] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110324202211/http://www.cr.nps.gov/hps/abpp/battles/sc001.htm National Park Service battle description] {{Bellum 1861 Civile}} {{Appendicula de hac pagina| {{Nuntium de pagina mensis|6|2026}} }} [[Categoria:Carolina Meridionalis in Bello Civili Americano]] [[Categoria:Carolopolis (Carolina Meridionalis)]] [[Categoria:Discrimen secessionis annorum 1860 et 1861]] [[Categoria:Obsessiones Belli Civilis Americani]] [[Categoria:Proelia Belli Civilis Americani]] [[Categoria:Victoriae Confoederatae Belli Civilis Americani|Castellum Sumter]] [[Categoria:1861]] ahmqzna2n64u4qch296i0siyrmgab18 0 80254 3962779 3586486 2026-05-31T11:11:17Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962779 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Clodia (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Chioggia2.jpg|thumb|Fossa Clodia]] '''Fossa Clodia'''<ref>{{Pnh}}; {{Castiglioni}}. "Clodia, Claudia, Clodium, Clugia" etc.: {{Graesse}}</ref><ref name=":02" /><ref>Vb. adiect. "Clodiensis", cf. [[Dioecesis Clodiensis]]</ref> seu '''Clodia Maior'''<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210624214316/http://tuttochioggia.it/storia.htm La storia di Chioggia]</ref><ref>[http://www.chioggiasottomarina.it/chioggia/storia-chioggia/ www.chioggiasottomarina.it]</ref>; deinde '''Claudiopolis''' <ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=csOvFtM7QnoC&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false hic]</ref><ref name=":02">[https://books.google.it/books?id=UvsEaRJt0ZAC&dq=Il+mondo+antico,+moderno,+e+novissimo,+tomo+1&hl=it&source=gbs_navlinks_s ''Il mondo antico, moderno, e novissimo'', Tomo primo]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Clodia, Claudia, Clodium, Clugia'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''Chioggia'') est [[Urbes Italiae|urbs]] et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 49&thinsp;750 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Veneta|urbe metropolitana Veneta]] situm. Est [[sedes episcopalis|sedes]] [[dioecesis Clodiensis]] [[Ecclesia Catholica Romana|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]. Ibi habitabant [[Ioannes de’ Dondi]], eruditus, anno circiter 1330 natus, et [[Nicolaus de Comitibus]], mercator, anno circiter 1395 natus. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di città.svg|''[[Urbs Italiae]]''<ref>Ius antiquum</ref> Fasciculus:Benemerito del Risorgimento BAR.svg|''[[Urbs nomismate aureo ut laudabilis ob Unificationem Italiae decorata]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Lacuna Venetica]] (''terra''), == Vici == * [[Clodia Minor]] ''Sottomarina'' * ''Brondolo'' * ''Borgo San Giovanni'', * ''Ca' Bianca'', * ''Ca' Lino'', * ''Ca' Pasqua'', * ''Cavanella d'Adige'', * ''Isolaverde'', * ''Sant'Anna di Chioggia'', * ''Valli''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Campania Lovea]], * [[Cavarzerum]], * [[Caput Vici]] ([[Provincia Patavina|PD]]), * [[Cona]], * [[Cohors Regiola]] ([[Provincia Patavina|PD]]), * [[Lauretum (Venetia)|Lauretum]] ([[Provincia Rodigiensis|RO]]), * [[Rosolinia]] ([[Provincia Rodigiensis|RO]]), * ''[[Venetiae]]''. == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Provincia Veneta]] abrogata == Nexus externi == [[Fasciculus:La canal de la Vena à Chioggia (Lagune de Venise) (8089361139).jpg|thumb|Despectus in urbem]] {{CommuniaCat|Chioggia|Fossam Clodiam}} * [http://www.chioggia.org/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{fontes geographici}} {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Fossa Clodia| ]] 2zqx1r3x9srev431ces3yx08h8zmney 0 94975 3962742 3960468 2026-05-31T04:24:34Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962742 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pro pagina discretiva vide|Fifa (discretiva)}} {{Capsa societatis | nomen = FIFA<br />''Foederatio Pedilusoria Internationalis'' | imago = FIFA_logo_without_slogan.svg | de_imagine = Insigne FIFA | fundatus = [[21 Maii]] [[1904]] | praetorium = [[Turicum]] [[Helvetia|Helvetiae]] | dux = [[Ioannes Infantino]] | linguae = }} '''Foederatio Pedilusoria Internationalis''' ('''FIFA''', [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallice]]: ''Fédération Internationale de Football Association'') est foederatio moderatrix [[Pediludium|pediludii]], [[Pediludium aulare|pediludii aularis]] et [[Pediludium litorale|pediludii litoralis]] [[orbis terrarum]]. FIFA multa magna certamina pedilusoria disponit, praecipue [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium|Certamen Pedilusorium Mundanum]] ab anno 1930, et [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium Societas]]. FIFA die [[21 Maii]] [[1904]] a delegatis [[Belgica|Belgicae]], [[Dania|Daniae]], [[Francia|Franciae]], [[Helvetia|Helvetiae]], [[Hispania|Hispaniae]], [[Nederlandia|Nederlandiae]] et [[Suecia|Sueciae]] in [[Lutetia]] constituta est<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905084429/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/videos/y=2014/m=11/video=the-story-of-fifa-2477121.html</ref>, sed nunc sedes eius [[Turicum (urbs)|Turici]] ([[Helvetia|Helvetiae]]) est<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150905072256/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/home-of-fifa/fifa-headquarters.html</ref>. Foederatio de 209 consociationibus nationalibus constat<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20160523013958/http://www.fifa.com/associations/index.html</ref> et omnes socii etiam confoederationibus continentalibus participari debent: [[Africa]] ([[CAF]]), [[America Australis]] ([[CONMEBOL]]), [[America Centralis]] et [[America Septentrionalis|Septentrionalis]] ([[CONCACAF]]), [[Asia]] ([[AFC]]), [[Europa]] ([[UEFA]]) aut [[Oceania]] ([[OFC]]). [[Praesides FIFA|Praeses]] est [[Ioannes Infantino]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150518172159/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/the-president/index.html</ref> et [[Secretarius Generalis|Secretaria Generalis]] [[Fatima Samba Diouf Samoura]].<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20150924012504/http://www.fifa.com/about-fifa/home-of-fifa/general-secretary.html</ref> == Historia == Pediludio [[Saeculum 19|saeculo undevicesimo]] ab [[Anglia|Anglis]] [[Inventum|invento]], studium ludendi in orbe terrarum crevit et consociationes nationales in nonnullis [[Civitas|civitatibus]] creatae erant atque inter se certabant. Primus lusus inter turmas nationales anno [[1872]] conventus est, qui inter [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Anglica|Angliam]] et [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis scotica|Scotiam]] in [[Glasgua]] luditur et aequalitate 0−0 perfectus est<ref>http://www.englandfootballonline.com/Seas1872-00/1872-73/M0001Sco1872.html</ref>. Sed quamquam Angli pediludium invenierunt, participes institutionis FIFA non fuerunt et a delegatis Belgicae, Daniae, Franciae, Helvetiae, Hispaniae, Nederlandiae et Sueciae 21 Maii 1904 Lutetiae instituta est. Etsi nullus delegatus consociationis pedilusoriae [[Germania|Germanicae]] in conventu affuit, tamen [[Telegraphia|telegraphiam]] ad statutui FIFA adhaerendum emiserunt. [[Fasciculus:Gianni Infantino (cropped).jpg|thumb|Praeses FIFA hodiernus [[Ioannes Infantino]].]] Postea aliae consociationes nationales ad FIFA se adiunxerunt, sicut Anglica (1905) aut consociationes extra Europam: [[Africa Australis]] (1909), [[Argentina]] (1912), [[Chilia]] (1913) aut [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatae Americanae]] (1914)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120505233301/http://www.fifa.com/mm/document/fifafacts/organisation/52/00/10/fs-120_01a_ma.pdf</ref>. Verum tamen FIFA certamina pedilusoria [[Olympia aestiva|Olympiorum aestivorum]] annis [[Olympia aestiva 1908|1908]] et [[Olympia aestiva 1912|1912]] disponere non potuit et ideo consociatio Anglica ea procuravit. Annis post [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primum Bellum Mundanum]] consociationes [[Britanniarum Regnum|Regni Britanniarum]] (Anglica, Scotica, [[Cambria|Cambrica]] et [[Hibernia (discretiva)|Hibernica]]) de FIFA decesserunt quod ministerium cum [[Imperia centralia|Imperiis Centralibus]] participari non volebant et usque ad finem [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundi Belli Mundani]] non redierunt. FIFA certamen pedilusorium [[Olympia aestiva 1924|Olympiorum aestivorum anno 1924]] disposuit, cuius lusus finalis inter [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis Uruguaiana|Uraquariam]] et [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis helvetica|Helvetiam]] (3−0) a 40.522 spectatoribus visus est<ref>http://www.fifa.com/tournaments/archive/mensolympic/paris1924/matches/round=197028/match=32314/index.html</ref>. In hoc certamine maximus numerus turmarum usque ad [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1982)|Certamen Pedilusorium Mundanum anno 1982]] affuerunt, 22 turmis nationalibus participantibus: 18 turmae Europaeae, [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis aegyptica|Aegyptus]], [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis americana|Civitates Foederatae Americanae]], [[Turma pedilusoria nationalis turcica|Turcia]] et Uraquaria. Post felices effectus Olympiorum 1924 et 1928, FIFA Certamen Pedilusorium Mundanum componere constituit et anno [[1930]] [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1930)|primum Certamen Mundanum]] [[Uraquaria|Uraquariae]] factum est, sed multae turmae nationales ob angustias pecuniarias afuerunt. Turma Uraquariana [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Argentina|Argentinam]] in lusu finali 4−2 vicit et primus victor mundanus pronuntiatus est<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20161114140540/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/matches/round=405/match=1087/index.html</ref>. Post Secundum Bellum Mundanum consociationes Britannicae in FIFA redierunt et plures pluresque consociationes ad foederationem se adiunxerunt. Anno [[1954]] quinquaginta annis ab FIFA condita iam 85 consociationes erant<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20151009043106/http://es.fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/50th-anniversary.html http://fifa.com/about-fifa/who-we-are/history/50th-anniversary.html]</ref>. Anno [[1974]] [[Ioannes Havelange]] praeses allectus est, qui sicut corporationem commercialem FIFA administravit et consociationes totius orbis terrarum ad FIFA adiungere volebat. Novo millenio ineunte praeside [[Iosephus Blatter|Iosepho Blatter]] FIFA in [[Asia]] ([[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2002)|2002]]) et [[Africa]] ([[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2010)|2010]]) Certamina Mundana prima vice disposuit. Die [[27 Maii]] [[2015]] quattuordecim praefecti FIFA illicitorum donorum acceptorum et [[Lavatio pecuniae|lavationis pecuniae]] causa comprehensi sunt<ref>http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=1003</ref> et duodeviginti homines et duae corporationes accusati sunt. Tum praeses Blatter, etsi denuo allectus est die [[29 Maii]], se in Conventu Extraordinario anno [[2016]] abdicaturum esse nuntiavit<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20190421105213/https://www.fifa.com/governance/news/y=2015/m=6/news=fifa-president-to-lay-down-his-mandate-at-extraordinary-elective-congr-2617742.html</ref>. Hoc Conventu Ioannes 'Gianni' Infantino novus praeses allectus est<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/football/2016/feb/26/gianni-infantino-elected-fifa-president-election</ref>, qui antea Secretarius Generalis UEFA erat. == Proposita FIFA == [[Fasciculus:World Map FIFA2.svg|thumb|300x300px|Sex confoederationes continentales quas FIFA comprehendit: [[AFC]] (Asia et pars Oceaniae), [[CAF]] (Africa), [[CONCACAF]] (America Centralis et Septentrionalis), [[CONMEBOL]] (America Australis), [[OFC]] (Oceania), [[UEFA]] (Europa et pars Asiae).]] Proposita FIFA in statuto suo sunt<ref>Statutum FIFA, cap. 2 (Anglice): https://web.archive.org/web/20150615234534/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/02/58/14/48/2015fifastatutesen_neutral.pdf</ref>: * ludum pediludii meliorare, * certamina internationalia disponere, * leges ordinationesque internas conscribere et exercere, * honestatem, moralitatem et legitime ludere promovere. Ministerium moderator legum pediludii [[International Football Association Board|Collegium Pedilusorium Internationale]] (IFAB) et non FIFA est. IFAB de FIFA et de consociationibus Anglica, Scotica, Cambrica et Hibernica Septentrionali compositum est. == Linguae publicae == Linguae publicae FIFA [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]], [[Lingua Hispanica|Hispanica]], [[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] et [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisca]] sunt, sed Anglice litterae et nuntii fiunt et linguis [[Lingua Russica|Russica]], [[Lingua Arabica|Arabica]] et [[Lingua Lusitana|Lusitana]] quoque in conventibus FIFA uti potest<ref>Statutum FIFA, cap. 8 (Anglice): https://web.archive.org/web/20150615234534/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/02/58/14/48/2015fifastatutesen_neutral.pdf</ref>. {{NexInt}} * [[Pediludium]] * [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium|Certamen Pedilusorium Mundanum FIFA]] * [[UEFA]] ==Nexus externus== {{CommuniaCat|FIFA}} *[http://www.uefa-coefficients.com UEFA-COEFFICIENTS.COM - FIFA World Ranking, Champions League and Europa League statistics] *[http://fifa.com FIFA situs interretialis] (Anglice, Theodisce, Francogallice, Hispanice, Arabice, Russice, Sinice) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20150615234534/http://resources.fifa.com/mm/document/affederation/generic/02/58/14/48/2015fifastatutesen_neutral.pdf FIFA statutum (Editio Aprilis 2015)] (Anglice, sed etiam aliis linguis in situ) *[https://web.archive.org/web/20221114030805/https://chasang.tistory.com/ 한국 우루과이 중계] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20221114030805/https://musdke.tistory.com/ 대한민국 포르투갈 중계] *[https://sodeae.tistory.com 대한민국 포르투갈 중계 사이트] *[https://chkso.tistory.com 한국 포르투갈 인터넷중계] *[https://bakcsin.tistory.com 한국 가나 중계] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20221114044804/https://nami78.tistory.com/ 대한민국 가나 중계] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> <br /> {{FIFA Praesides}} {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Constituta 1904]] [[Categoria:Pediludium]] [[Categoria:Societates internationales]] ki6pnmf1mu0ihc5vg4w3r5caxc6gk61 0 96969 3962660 3950181 2026-05-30T15:00:04Z Davide2025 196606 Italiae lusores Iunii 2026. 3962660 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Logo Italy National Football Team - 2023.svg|thumb|upright|Turmae Nationalis Italicae [[logotypus]].]] '''Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Italica''' ([[Italiane]] ''Nazionale italiana di calcio'') est virilis [[pediludium|pediludii]] turma nationalis [[Italia]]e, anno [[1910]] condita. Primum contra [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Francica|Turmam Pedilusoriam Nationalem Francicam]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[15 Maii]] [[1910]] lusit, vincens 6-2. Haec turma, cuius lusores ''azzurri'' ('[[caeruleus|caerulei]]') appellantur, quater [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium|Certamina Mundana Pedilusoria]] vicit ([[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1934)|1934]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1938)|1938]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1982)|1982]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2006)|2006]]), et solum annis [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1930)|1930]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1958)|1958]], [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium (2018)|2018]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2022)|2022]] et [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|2026]] certaminibus mundanis non interfuit. A die [[3 Iunii]] [[2026]] (propter [[Ianuarius Gattuso|Ianuarii Gattuso]] salutationem), praesens pedilusorium [[exercitator]] [[Silvius Baldini]] est. == Lusores == Hi pedilusores ob anni [[2026]] lusiones [[Amicalis|amicabiles]] (die [[3 Iunii]] contra [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Luxemburgensis|Luxemburgum]] et die [[7 Iunii]] contra [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Graeca|Graeciam]]) appellantur. {| class="wikitable sortable" !<abbr>Positio</abbr> !Pedilusor !Societas |- |P ![[Ioannes Ludovicus Donnarumma]] <small>''(capitanus)''</small> | [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Manchester City Football Club]] |- |P ![[Ioannes Daffara]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Avellino]] |- |P ![[Laurentius Palmisani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Frosinone Calcio]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |D ![[Marcus Palestra]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Cagliari Calcio]] |- |D ![[Honestus Ahanor]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Atalanta BC]] |- |D ![[David Bartesaghi]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AC Milan]] |- |D ![[Fabius Chiarodia]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Borussia Verein für Leibesübungen 1900 Mönchengladbach]] |- |D ![[Petrus Comuzzo]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |D ![[Constantinus Favasuli]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Catanzaro]] |- |D ![[Nicolaus Fortini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |D ![[Gabriel Guarino]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Turma Pedilusoria Empolis]] |- |D ![[Philippus Mané]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- |D ![[Lucas Reggiani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |M ![[Nicolaus Pisilli]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AS Roma]] |- |M ![[Thomas Berti]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Cesena FC]] |- |M ![[Matthaeus Dagasso]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Venezia FC]] |- |M ![[Iacobus Faticanti]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Juventus Next Gen]] |- |M ![[Lucas Lipani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Sassuolo Calcio]] |- |M ![[Carus Ndour]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |M ![[Laurentius Venturino]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AS Roma]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |O ![[Pius Esposito]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[FC Internazionale Milano]] |- |O ![[Franciscus Camarda]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Lecce]] |- |O ![[Ludovicus Cherubini (pedilusor)|Ludovicus Cherubini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[UC Sampdoria]] |- |O ![[Galfridus Ekhator]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Genoa Cricket and Football Club]] |- |O ![[Seydou Fini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Frosinone Calcio]] |- |O ![[Samuel Inácio]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- |O ![[Lucas Koleosho]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Paris Football Club]] |- |O ![[Dominicus Vavassori]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Atalanta BC]] |} == Turmae rivalitates contentionesque == {{Pagina principalis|Rivalitates Turmae Pedilusoriae Nationalis Italicae}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Italy national football team|Turmam Pedilusoriam Nationalem Italicam}} * [http://www.figc.it/ Societatis pedilusoriae Italicae paginae interretiales] {{Ling|Italice|Anglice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Pediludium italicum]] [[Categoria:Turmae Nationales Pediludii|Italia]] c13wicw78pdij3896pbu0m5y348oowd 3962703 3962660 2026-05-30T18:44:58Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962703 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Logo Italy National Football Team - 2023.svg|thumb|upright=1|Turmae Pedilusoriae Nationalis Italicae [[logotypus]].]] '''Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Italica''' ([[Italiane]] ''Nazionale italiana di calcio'') est virilis [[pediludium|pediludii]] turma nationalis [[Italia]]e, anno [[1910]] condita. Primum contra [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Francica|Turmam Pedilusoriam Nationalem Francicam]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] die [[15 Maii]] [[1910]] lusit, vincens 6-2. Haec turma, cuius lusores ''azzurri'' ('[[caeruleus|caerulei]]') appellantur, quater [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium|Certamina Mundana Pedilusoria]] vicit ([[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1934)|1934]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1938)|1938]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1982)|1982]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2006)|2006]]), et solum annis [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1930)|1930]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (1958)|1958]], [[Certamen mundanum pedilusorium (2018)|2018]], [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2022)|2022]] et [[Certamen Mundanum Pedilusorium (2026)|2026]] certaminibus mundanis non interfuit. A die [[3 Iunii]] [[2026]] (propter [[Ianuarius Gattuso|Ianuarii Gattuso]] salutationem), praesens pedilusorium [[exercitator]] [[Silvius Baldini]] est. == Lusores == Hi pedilusores ob anni [[2026]] lusiones [[Amicalis|amicabiles]] (die [[3 Iunii]] contra [[Turma Pedilusoria Nationalis Luxemburgensis|Luxemburgum]] et die [[7 Iunii]] contra [[Turma Pediludica Nationalis Graeca|Graeciam]]) appellantur. {| class="wikitable sortable" !<abbr>Positio</abbr> !Pedilusor !Societas |- |P ![[Ioannes Ludovicus Donnarumma]] <small>''(capitanus)''</small> | [[Fasciculus:Flag of England.svg|20x20px]] [[Manchester City Football Club]] |- |P ![[Ioannes Daffara]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Avellino]] |- |P ![[Laurentius Palmisani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Frosinone Calcio]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |D ![[Marcus Palestra]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Cagliari Calcio]] |- |D ![[Honestus Ahanor]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Atalanta BC]] |- |D ![[David Bartesaghi]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AC Milan]] |- |D ![[Fabius Chiarodia]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Borussia Verein für Leibesübungen 1900 Mönchengladbach]] |- |D ![[Petrus Comuzzo]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |D ![[Constantinus Favasuli]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Catanzaro]] |- |D ![[Nicolaus Fortini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |D ![[Gabriel Guarino]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Turma Pedilusoria Empolis]] |- |D ![[Philippus Mané]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- |D ![[Lucas Reggiani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |M ![[Nicolaus Pisilli]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AS Roma]] |- |M ![[Thomas Berti]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Cesena FC]] |- |M ![[Matthaeus Dagasso]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Venezia FC]] |- |M ![[Iacobus Faticanti]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Juventus Next Gen]] |- |M ![[Lucas Lipani]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Sassuolo Calcio]] |- |M ![[Carus Ndour]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Associatio Pediludii Florentiae Florentina]] |- |M ![[Laurentius Venturino]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[AS Roma]] |- | colspan="3" | ---- |- |O ![[Pius Esposito]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[FC Internazionale Milano]] |- |O ![[Franciscus Camarda]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[US Lecce]] |- |O ![[Ludovicus Cherubini (pedilusor)|Ludovicus Cherubini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[UC Sampdoria]] |- |O ![[Galfridus Ekhator]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Genoa Cricket and Football Club]] |- |O ![[Seydou Fini]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Frosinone Calcio]] |- |O ![[Samuel Inácio]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Germany.svg|20x20px]] [[Ballspielverein Borussia 09 Dortmund]] |- |O ![[Lucas Koleosho]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of France.svg|20x20px]] [[Paris Football Club]] |- |O ![[Dominicus Vavassori]] | [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|20x20px]] [[Atalanta BC]] |} == Turmae rivalitates contentionesque == {{Pagina principalis|Rivalitates Turmae Pedilusoriae Nationalis Italicae}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Italy national football team|Turmam Pedilusoriam Nationalem Italicam}} * [http://www.figc.it/ Societatis pedilusoriae Italicae paginae interretiales] {{Ling|Italice|Anglice}} {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Pediludium italicum]] [[Categoria:Turmae Nationales Pediludii|Italia]] 110x3qxnx9cqc4za9cvzgcrogm98tnh 0 98688 3962699 3958768 2026-05-30T17:56:22Z FrankuSuave 190231 /* Fabula */ Fixed grammar 3962699 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Herakles Laomedon MCA Valle Sabbia.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Hercules Laomedontem necaturus in terra sigillata e Gallia meridionali. Primo saeculo exeunte vel secundo ineunte.]] In [[mythologia Graeca]] '''Laomedon''' (Λαομέδων) est filius regis [[Ilus|Ili]] et secundus rex [[Troia]]nus. Pater fuit [[Hesione]]s, [[Priamus|Priami]], Lampi<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XV.526, XX.237-8.</ref>, Hicetaonis<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XX.237-8.</ref>, Clytii<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XX.237-8.</ref> et [[Tithonus|Tithoni]]. == Fabula == Narratur Iuppiter iratus [[Apollo|Apollinem]] et [[Posidon]]em anno servitutis apud dominum mortalem ob eorum contumaciam damnasse. Qui dominus fuit rex Laomedon et Apollini quidem greges regios curandos tradidit, Posidonem vero iussit novam adhuc urbem [[Troia]]m ingentibus moenibus circumdare<ref>''[[Ilias]]'' VII.451-3.</ref>. Quo opere peracto, mercedem promissam (sive aurum<ref>Sic Ovidius.</ref> sive pecus eo anno natum<ref>Sic Hyginus.</ref>) deis negavit. Itaque iratus [[Apollo]] pestem immanem in populos [[Phrygia]]e immisit, [[Poseidon]] autem aquas marinas in fertiles agros et monstrum virgines voraturum. Tum de variis pestibus rex oraculum consuluit. Responsum est, nisi filiam suam [[Hesione]]n in litore revinctam monstro marino rex obtulisset, vastationem regni non desituram. Forte tum Argonautae cum [[Hercules|Hercule]] ad litus Troianum appulerunt : cum [[heros]] [[Hercules|Alcides]] misellam puellam regiam ex pavore clamantem audiit, protinus arma cepit et cetum necavit. Filia liberata magna dona Herculi Laomedon pollicitus erat, scilicet par equorum levissimorum ac immortalium, quos ab ipso [[Zeus|Iove]] acceperat, tamquam pretium [[Ganymedes|Ganymedis]] rapti, necnon etiam secundum nonnullos auctores filiam in matrimonium. Sed cum Hercules, [[Argonautae|Argonautis]] relictis, [[Troia]]m rediit, Laomedon per avaritiam pollicita praemia denuo recusavit : quapropter Heracles cum exercitu [[Ilium]] oppugnavit et delevit. Regem ac liberos necavit, praeter Hesionen quam [[Telamon]]i comiti in matrimonium dedit, et [[Priamus|Priamum]] ab Hesione sorore redemptum. Qui Priamus patri in regnum successit. E Laomedonteis fraudibus "maledictio" vel potius fatum miserabile urbis Troiae exortum dicebatur. ==Notae== <references/> == Fontes == * [[Augustinus Hipponensis]], ''[[de civitate Dei]]'' III.2.98-99. * [[Euripides]], ''[[Troades (Euripides)|Troades]]'' 809-815. * [[Homerus]] libro XXI [[Ilias|Iliadis]] 441-458 necnon libro quinto 269 et 640-651 et libro vicesimo 236-238. * [[Horatius]], ''[[Carmina (Horatius)|Carmina]]'' III.3.21. * [[Hyginus mythographus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' 89. * [[Ovidius]], libro undecimo [[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphoseon]], 194-220. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250518061411/http://bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be/METAM/Met11/Met11-194-409.htm Cum notis Francogallicis] *{{Strabo}} libro tertio decimo 1.32. * [[Valerius Flaccus]], libro secundo ''[[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)|Argonauticon]]'' 451-578. * [[Vergilius]], ''[[Aeneis]]'' IV.542 et V.810. ''[[Georgica]]'' I.502 == Plura legere si cupis == *Andrew Porter, “[https://www.academia.edu/10647549/_Laomedon_s_Reign_Olympiomachia_Poseidon_s_Wall_and_the_Earlier_Trojan_War_in_Homer_s_Iliad_ Laomedon’s Reign: Olympiomachia, Poseidon’s Wall, and the Earlier Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad]”, ''Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies'', 2014: 507-526 *Charles Vellay. "Le règne de Laomédon", ''Classica et Mediaevalia'', 1946: 44-86 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1946_num_15_2_2783_t1_0351_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Bronwen Wickkiser, "Laomedon, Hesione, and the Sea-Monster" in ''The Oxford Handbook of Heracles'', 2021: 209-223 [https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/33430/chapter-abstract/290587127?redirectedFrom=fulltext] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.mythologie-grecque.fr/troie Stemma genealogicum regum Troianorum] *Vollmer, Wilhelm: [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011493062 "Laomedon"] - apud: ''Wörterbuch der Mythologie''. Stutgardiae 1874, p. 307 [[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]] [[Categoria:Hercules]] i7vg7z735401u7isk27ogr6ks8uys5b 3962702 3962699 2026-05-30T18:42:57Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962702 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Herakles Laomedon MCA Valle Sabbia.jpg|thumb|Hercules Laomedontem necaturus in terra sigillata e [[Francia]] meridiana. Primo saeculo exeunte vel secundo ineunte.]] '''Laomedon''' (Λαομέδων) in [[mythologia Graeca]] est [[filius]] [[rex|regis]] [[Ilus|Ili]] et secundus rex [[Troia]]nus. [[Pater]] est [[Hesione]]s, [[Priamus|Priami]], Lampi,<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XV.526, XX.237-8.</ref> Hicetaonis,<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XX.237-8.</ref> Clytii,<ref>''Ilias'' III.147, XX.237-8.</ref> et [[Tithonus|Tithoni]]. == Fabula == Narratur Iuppiter iratus [[Apollo|Apollinem]] et [[Posidon]]em anno [[servitus|servitutis]] apud dominum mortalem ob eorum contumaciam damnasse. Qui dominus fuit rex Laomedon et Apollini quidem greges regios curandos tradidit, Posidonem vero iussit novam adhuc urbem [[Troia]]m ingentibus moenibus circumdare<ref>''[[Ilias]]'' VII.451-3.</ref>. Quo opere peracto, mercedem promissam (sive [[aurum]]<ref>Sic Ovidius.</ref> sive [[pecus]] eo anno natum<ref>Sic Hyginus.</ref>) deis negavit. Itaque iratus [[Apollo]] [[pestis|pestem]] immanem in populos [[Phrygia]]e, [[Poseidon]] autem [[aqua marina|aquas marinas]] in fertiles [[ager|agros]] et monstrum virgines voraturum immisit. Tum de variis pestibus rex [[oraculum]] consuluit. Responsum est, nisi filiam suam [[Hesione]]n in [[litus|litore]] revinctam monstro marino rex obtulisset, vastationem regni non desituram. Forte tum [[Argonautae]] cum [[Hercules|Hercule]] ad litus Troianum appulerunt: cum [[heros]] [[Hercules|Alcides]] misellam puellam regiam ex pavore clamantem audiit, protinus [[arma]] cepit et [[Cetacea|cetum]] necavit. Filia liberata, magna dona Herculi Laomedon pollicitus erat, scilicet par [[equus|equorum]] levissimorum atque [[immortalitas|immortalium]], quos ab ipso [[Zeus|Iove]] acceperat, tamquam pretium [[Ganymedes|Ganymedis]] rapti, necnon etiam secundum nonnullos [[auctor]]es filiam in [[matrimonium]], sed cum Hercules, [[Argonautae|Argonautis]] relictis, [[Troia]]m redisset, Laomedon per avaritiam pollicita praemia denuo recusavit: quapropter Heracles cum [[exercitus|exercitu]] [[Ilium]] oppugnavit et delevit. Regem ac [[liberi|liberos]] necavit, praeter Hesionen quam [[Telamon]]i comiti in matrimonium dedit, et [[Priamus|Priamum]] ab Hesione [[soror]]e redemptum. Qui Priamus patri in regnum successit. E Laomedonteis fraudibus "maledictio" vel potius [[fatum]] miserabile urbis Troiae exortum dicebatur. ==Notae== <references/> == Fontes == * [[Augustinus Hipponensis]], ''[[de civitate Dei]]'' III.2.98-99. * [[Euripides]], ''[[Troades (Euripides)|Troades]]'' 809-815. * [[Homerus]] libro XXI [[Ilias|Iliadis]] 441-458 necnon libro quinto 269 et 640-651 et libro vicesimo 236-238. * [[Horatius]], ''[[Carmina (Horatius)|Carmina]]'' III.3.21. * [[Hyginus mythographus|Hyginus]], ''Fabulae'' 89. * [[Ovidius]], libro undecimo [[Metamorphoses (Ovidius)|Metamorphoseon]], 194-220. [https://web.archive.org/web/20250518061411/http://bcs.fltr.ucl.ac.be/METAM/Met11/Met11-194-409.htm Cum notis Francogallicis] *{{Strabo}} libro tertio decimo 1.32. * [[Valerius Flaccus]], libro secundo ''[[Argonautica (Valerius Flaccus)|Argonauticon]]'' 451-578. * [[Vergilius]], ''[[Aeneis]]'' IV.542 et V.810. ''[[Georgica]]'' I.502 == Plura legere si cupis == *Andrew Porter, “[https://www.academia.edu/10647549/_Laomedon_s_Reign_Olympiomachia_Poseidon_s_Wall_and_the_Earlier_Trojan_War_in_Homer_s_Iliad_ Laomedon’s Reign: Olympiomachia, Poseidon’s Wall, and the Earlier Trojan War in Homer’s Iliad]”, ''Greek Roman and Byzantine Studies'', 2014: 507-526 *Charles Vellay. "Le règne de Laomédon", ''Classica et Mediaevalia'', 1946: 44-86 [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1946_num_15_2_2783_t1_0351_0000_2 Recensio critica] *Bronwen Wickkiser, "Laomedon, Hesione, and the Sea-Monster" in ''The Oxford Handbook of Heracles'', 2021: 209-223 [https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/33430/chapter-abstract/290587127?redirectedFrom=fulltext] == Nexus externi == * [https://www.mythologie-grecque.fr/troie Stemma genealogicum regum Troianorum] *Vollmer, Wilhelm: [http://www.zeno.org/nid/20011493062 "Laomedon"] - apud: ''Wörterbuch der Mythologie''. Stutgardiae 1874, p. 307. [[Categoria:Hercules]] [[Categoria:Mythologia Graeca]] lnlg303h0cimixbso91n5gj84m93pnu 0 98719 3962750 3716460 2026-05-31T06:55:56Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962750 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Wells museum in sibenik 2.JPG|thumb|150px|Umbrella descensoria a Fausto Verantio disegnata, in museo Sebenicense]] '''Faustus Verantius''' ([[Italice]] ''Fausto Veranzio'', [[Croatice]] ''Faust Vrančić'') natus in insula Pervicae iuxta [[Sebenicum]], tunc ad [[Respublica Veneta|Rempublicam Venetam]] pertinente, anno [[1551]]; [[Venetia (urbs)|Venetiae]] mortuus die [[27 Februarii]] [[1617]]), [[episcopus]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]], [[humanista]] et [[inventor]] [[Respublica Veneta|venetianus]] fuit. Putatur Verantium primum esse qui una cum [[Leonardus Vincius|Leonardo Vincio]] [[umbrella descensoria|umbrellam descensoriam]]<ref>cfr. Italice "paracadute" in http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/institutions_connected/latinitas/documents/rc_latinitas_20040601_lexicon_it.html#p</ref> coniecit. Etiam patruus eius [[cardinalis]] [[Antonius Verantius]] clarus humanista fuerat. == Opera == * ''Dictionarium quinque nobilissimarum Europeae linguarum; Latinae, Italicae, Germanicae, Dalmaticae et Hungaricae'', Venetiis 1595 . * ''Machinae Novae'', Venetiis, 1616. * ''Logica Nova'', Venetiis, 1616. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070316161157/http://jagor.srce.hr/zuh/do1874/nv17/nv17_1.htm Fausti Verantii inventiones] * [http://www.hr/darko/etf/et22.html Informationem de Fausto Verantio]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * [http://www.richardwolf.de/latein/vrancic2.htm De Fausto Verantio] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1551|1617|Verantius, Faustus}} [[Categoria:Eruditi Croatiae]] [[Categoria:Eruditi Italiae]] [[Categoria:Humanistae]] [[Categoria:Episcopi Ecclesiae Catholicae]] 538b0ibz2on0q4i1mjkr0qu2vszuy0b 0 103426 3962783 3139679 2026-05-31T11:58:03Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus 3962783 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Taxobox | name = ''Orectolobus maculatus'' | status = NT | status_system = IUCN3.1 | trend = | image = Wobbegong.jpg | image_caption = | regnum = [[Animalia]] | phylum = [[Chordata]] | classis = [[Chondrichthyes]] | subclassis = [[Elasmobranchii]] | ordo = [[Orectolobiformes]] | familia = [[Orectolobidae]] | genus = ''[[Orectolobus]]'' | species = '''''O. maculatus''''' | range_map = Orectolobus maculatus distmap.png | range_map_width = 200px | range_map_caption = Distributio ''Orectoloborum maculatorum'' (colore caeruleo) | binomial = ''Orectolobus maculatus'' | binomial_authority = (Bonnaterre, 1788) }} '''''Orectolobus maculatus''''' est [[piscis]] [[familia (taxinomia)|familiae]] [[Orectolobidae|Orectolobidarum]] et [[ordo (taxinomia)|ordinis]] [[Orectolobiformes|Orectolobiformium]], in [[Oceanus Indicus|Oceano Indico]] orientali ab [[Australia Occidentalis|Australia Occidentali]] ad [[Terra Reginae|Terram Reginae]] meridianam, inter [[latitudo|latitudines]] [[20 parallelus australis|20° A]] ad [[40 parallus australia|40° A]] [[endemismus|endemicus]]. Crescit ad 3 metra in longitudinem.<ref name="Animal">{{cite book |last=Kindersley |first= Dorling |year=2001, 2005 |title=Animal |location=Novi Eboraci |publisher=DK Publishing |isbn=0-7894-7764-5.}}</ref> {{NexInt}} * [[Index selachimorphorum]] == Nota == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{FishBase_species|genus = Orectolobus | species = maculatus | month = may | year = 2006}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Orectolobus maculatus'}} [[Categoria:Orectolobidae]] [[Categoria:Pisces ovovivipari]] [[Categoria:Taxa Bonnaterre]] [[Categoria:Taxa 1788]] n8vw9hyi8ytnyq5cbmow32z7ciryp0a 0 106401 3962656 3962210 2026-05-30T14:52:46Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Triumphi posteriores aliqui */ 3962656 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:CILI(2)p47fgtXXFastitriumphales.jpg|thumbnail|300px|Fasti triumphales lapidi incisi : fragmentum XX quo triumphi [[Primum bellum Punicum|primi belli Punici]] referuntur.]] Hic habes '''Fastos triumphales Romanorum'''. Ab anno [[752 a.C.n.]] usque ad [[19 a.C.n.]] fontes principales sunt inscriptiones e quibus A. Degrassi congessit ''Fastos Capitolinos''. == Saecula 8-7 a.C.n. == * [[1 Martii]] [[752 a.C.n.]] : [[Romulus]] rex: de Caeninensibus * 752/[[751 a.C.n.]] : [[Romulus]] rex (II): de Antemnatibus * desunt fere 11 * anno incerto : [[Ancus Marcius]] rex: de Sabinis et Veientibus * [[1 Iulii]] anno incerto : [[Lucius Tarquinius Priscus]] rex: de Latinis == Saeculum 6 a.C.n. == * [[1 Aprilis]] [[588 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Tarquinius Priscus]] rex (II): de Etruscis * [[13 Septembris]] [[585 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Tarquinius Priscus]] rex (III): de Sabinis * [[25 Novembris]] [[571 a.C.n.]] : [[Servius Tullius]] rex: de Etruscis * [[25 Maii]] [[567 a.C.n.]] : [[Servius Tullius]] rex (II): de Etruscis * anno incerto : [[Servius Tullius]] rex (III): de Etruscis * anno incerto : [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] rex: de Volscis * anno incerto : [[Lucius Tarquinius Superbus]] rex (II): de Sabinis * [[1 Martii]] [[509 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Valerius Volusi f. Poplicola]], consul: de Veientibus et Tarquiniensibus * 505/[[504 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Volusi f.|Marcus Valerius Volusi f. Volusus]], consul: de Sabinis * 505/[[504 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Postumius Q.f. Tubertus|Publius Postumius Quinti f. Tubertus]], consul: de Sabinis * [[7 Maii]] [[504 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Valerius Volusi f. Poplicola]] (II), consul (IV): de Sabinis et Veientibus * [[3 Aprilis]] [[503 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Postumius Q.f. Tubertus|Publius Postumius Quinti f. Tubertus]], consul (II): [[ovatio]] de Sabinis * [[4 Aprilis]] [[503 a.C.n.]] : [[Menenius Agrippa|Agrippa Menenius Gaii f. Lanatus]], consul: de Sabinis * 502/[[501 a.C.n.]] : [[Spurius Cassius Vecellinus]], consul: ? de Sabinis == Saeculum 5 a.C.n. == * ? 496/[[495 a.C.n.]] : [[Aulus Postumius Albus Regillensis|Aulus Postumius Publii f. Albus Regillensis]], dictator: de Latinis * 494/[[493 a.C.n.]] : [[Manius Valerius Maximus|Manius Valerius Volusi f. Maximus]], dictator: de Sabinis et Medullinis * desunt fere 6 * [[1 Iunii]] [[486 a.C.n.]] : [[Spurius Cassius Vecellinus]] (II), consul (III): de Volscis et Hernicis * [[1 Maii]] [[475 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Valerius P.f. Poplicola|Publius Valerius Publii f. Volusi n. Poplicola]], consul: de Veientibus et Sabinis * [[15 Martii]] [[474 a.C.n.]] : [[Aulus Manlius Cn.f. Vulso|Aulus Manlius Gnaei f. Publii n. Vulso]], consul: ovatio de Veientibus * 468/[[467 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Quinctius L.f. Capitolinus Barbatus|Titus Quinctius Lucii f. Lucii n. Capitolinus Barbatus]], consul (II): de Volscis Antiatibus * 462/[[461 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Lucretius T.f. Tricipitinus|Lucius Lucretius Titi f. Titi n. Tricipitinus]], consul: de Aequis et Volscis * 462/[[461 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Veturius T.f. Geminus Cicurinus|Titus Veturius Titi f. Geminus Cicurinus]], consul: ovatio de Aequis et Volscis * [[7 Maii]] [[459 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius M.f. Vibulanus|Quintus Fabius Marci f. K.n. Vibulanus]], consul (III): de Aequis et Volscis * [[12 Maii]] [[459 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Ser.f. Maluginensis Uritus|Lucius Cornelius Servii f. Publii n. Maluginensis Uritinus]], consul: de Volscis Antiatibus * [[13 Septembris]] [[458 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus|Lucius Quinctius Lucii f. Lucii n. Cincinnatus]], dictator: de Aequis * [[13 Augusti]] [[449 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Valerius P.f. Poplicola Potitus|Lucius Valerius Publii f. Publii n. Poplicola Potitus]], consul: de Aequis * [[24 Augusti]] [[449 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Horatius Barbatus|Marcus Horatius Marci f. Lucii n. Barbatus]], consul: de Sabinis * [[5 Septembris]] [[443 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Geganius M.f. Macerinus]], consul (II): de Volscis * [[13 Augusti]] [[437 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Lactuca Maximus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Manii n. (?) Lactuca Maximus]], consul * desunt 25 == Saeculum 4 a.C.n. == * mense Novembri [[367 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Furius Camillus|Marcus Furius Lucii f. Spurii n. Camillus]] (IV), dictator (V): de Gallis * 361/[[360 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Quinctius Poenus Capitolinus Crispinus]], dictator: de Gallis * mense Martio [[361 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sulpicius M.f. Peticus|Gaius Sulpicius Marci f. Quinti n. Peticus]], consul (II): de Hernicis * [[29 Iulii]] [[360 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Poetelius C.f. Libo Visolus|Gaius Poetelius Gaii f. Quinti n. Libo Visolus]], consul: de Gallis et Tiburtibus * [[5 Septembris]] [[360 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fabius N.f. Ambustus|Marcus Fabius N.f. Marci n. Ambustus]], consul: ovatio de Hernicis * [[7 Maii]] [[358 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sulpicius M.f. Peticus|Gaius Sulpicius Marci f. Quinti n. Peticus]] (II), dictator: de Gallis * [[15 Maii]] [[358 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Plautius P.f. Proculus|Gaius Plautius Publii f. Publii n. Proculus]], consul: de Hernicis * [[1 Iunii]] [[357 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Marcius L.f. Rutilus|Gaius Marcius Lucii f. Gaii n. Rutilus]], consul: de Privernatibus * [[6 Maii]] [[356 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Marcius L.f. Rutilus|Gaius Marcius Lucii f. Gaii n. Rutilus]], dictator: de Etruscis * [[3 Iunii]] [[354 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fabius N.f. Ambustus|Marcus Fabius N.f. Marci n. Ambustus]] (II), consul (III): de Tiburtibus * [[17 Februarii]] [[349 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Popillius M.f. Laenas|Marcus Popillius Marci f. Gaii n. Laenas]], consul (III): de Gallis * [[1 Februarii]] [[345 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Corvus]], consul (II): de Volscis Antiatibus et Satricanis * [[21 Septembris]] [[343 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Corvus]] (II), consul (III): de Samnitis * [[22 Septembris]] [[343 a.C.n.]] : [[Aulus Cornelius P.f. Cossus Arvina|Aulus Cornelius Publii f. Auli n. Cossus Arvina]], consul: de Samnitis * [[18 Maii]] [[340 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Manlius Torquatus|Titus Manlius Lucii f. Auli n. Imperiosus Torquatus]], consul (III): de Latinis, Campanis, Sidicinis et Auruncis * [[13 Ianuarii]] [[338 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Publilius Q.f. Philo|Quintus Publilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Philo]], consul: de Latinis * [[27 Septembris]] [[338 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Furius Sp.f. Camillus|Lucius Furius Spurii f. Marci n. Camillus]], consul: de Pedanis et Tiburtibus * [[29 Septembris]] [[338 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Maenius P.f.|Gaius Maenius Publii f. Publii n.]], consul: de Antiatibus, Laviniis et Veliternis * [[15 Martii]] [[335 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Corvus]] (III), consul (IV): de Calenis * [[1 Martii]] [[329 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aemilius Mamercinus Privernas|Lucius Aemilius Lucii f. Lucii n. Mamercinus Privernas]], consul (II): de Privernatibus * [[1 Martii]] [[329 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Plautius P.f. Decianus|Gaius Plautius Publii f. Publii n. Decianus]], consul: de Privernatibus * [[1 Maii]] [[326 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Publilius Q.f. Philo|Quintus Publilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Philo]] (II), proconsul: de Samnitis et Palaeopolitanis * [[5 Martii]] [[324 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Papirius Cursor|Lucius Papirius Spurii f. Lucii n. Cursor]], dictator: de Samnitis * [[17 Februarii]] [[321 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Fulvius L.f. Curvus|Lucius Fulvius Lucii f. Lucii n. Curvus]], consul: de Samnitis * [[18 Februarii]] [[321 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus|Quintus Fabius Marci f. Maximus Rullianus]], consul: de Samnitis et Apulis * [[21 Augusti]] [[319 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Papirius Cursor|Lucius Papirius Spurii f. Lucii n. Cursor]] (II), consul (III): de Samnitis * [[1 Iulii]] [[314 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sulpicius Ser.f. Longus|Gaius Sulpicius Servii f. Quinti n. Longus]], consul (III): de Samnitis * [[13 Augusti]] [[312 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Maximus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Maximus]], consul: de Samnitis et Soranis * [[5 Augusti]] [[311 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Iunius C.f. Bubulcus Brutus|Gaius Iunius Gaii f. Gaii n. Bubulcus Brutus]], consul (III): de Samnitis * [[13 Augusti]] [[311 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Aemilius Q.f. Barbula|Quintus Aemilius Quinti f. Lucii n. Barbula]], consul (II): de Etruscis * [[15 Octobris]] [[309 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Papirius Cursor|Lucius Papirius Spurii f. Lucii n. Cursor]] (III), dictator (II): de Samnitis * [[13 Novembris]] [[309 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus|Quintus Fabius Marci f. Maximus Rullianus]] (II), proconsul: de Etruscis * [[29 Iunii]] [[306 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Marcius Tremulus|Quintus Marcius Quinti f. Quinti n. Tremulus]], consul: de Anagnini et Hernicis * [[5 Octobris]] [[305 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Curvus Paetinus|Marcus Fulvius Lucii f. Lucii n. Curvus Paetinus]], consul: de Samnitis * [[24 Septembris]] [[304 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Sempronius Sophus|Publius Sempronius Publii f. Gaii n. Sophus]], consul: de Aequis * [[29 Octobris]] [[304 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Sulpicius Saverrio|Publius Sulpicius Servii f. Publii n. Saverrio]], consul: de Samnitis * [[30 Iulii]] [[302 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Iunius Bubulcus Brutus|Gaius Iunius Gaii f. Gaii n. Bubulcus Brutus]] (II), dictator: de Aequis * [[21 Novembris]] [[301 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Corvus]] (IV), dictator (II): de Etruscis et Marsis == Saeculum 3 a.C.n. == * [[24 Septembris]] [[299 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Paetinus|Marcus Fulvius Gnaei f. Gnaei n. Paetinus]], consul: de Samnitis et Nequinatibus * [[13 Novembris]] [[298 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Fulvius Maximus Centumalus|Gnaeus Fulvius Gnaei f. Gnaei n. Maximus Centumalus]], consul: de Samnitis et Etruscis * [[4 Septembris]] [[295 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus|Quintus Fabius Marci f. Maximus Rullianus]] (III), consul (V): de Samnitis, Etruscis et Gallis * [[27 Martii]] [[294 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Postumius Megellus|Lucius Postumius Lucii f. Spurii n. Megellus]], consul (II): de Samnitis et Etruscis * [[28 Martii]] [[294 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Atilius Regulus|Marcus Atilius Marci f. Marci n. Regulus]], consul: de Volsonibus et Samnitis * [[13 Ianuarii]] [[292 a.C.n.]] : [[Spurius Carvilius Maximus|Spurius Carvilius Gaii f. Gaii n. Maximus]], consul: de Samnitis * [[13 Februarii]] [[292 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Papirius Cursor|Lucius Papirius Lucii f. Spurii n. Cursor]], consul: de Samnitis * [[1 Septembris]] [[291 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges|Quintus Fabius Quinti f. Marci n. Maximus Gurges]], proconsul: de Samnitis * desunt fere 21 * [[5 Martii]] [[282 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Fabricius Luscinus|Gaius Fabricius Gaii f. Gaii n. Luscinus]], consul: de Samnitis, Lucanis et Bruttiis * [[1 Aprilis]] [[281 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Marcius Philippus|Quintus Marcius Quinti f. Quinti n. Philippus]], consul: de Etruscis * [[1 Februarii]] [[279 a.C.n.]] : [[Tiberius Coruncanius|Tiberius Coruncanius Tiberii f. Tiberii n.]], consul: de Vulsiniensibus et Vulcientibus * [[10 Iulii]] [[280 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aemilius Barbula|Lucius Aemilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Barbula]], proconsul: de Tarentines, Samnitis et Sallentinis * [[13 Decembris]] [[278 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Fabricius Luscinus|Gaius Fabricius Gaii f. Gaii n. Luscinus]] (II), consul (II): de Lucani, Bruttiis, Tarentinis et Samnitis * [[5 Ianuarii]] [[276 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Iunius Brutus Bubulcus|Gaius Iunius Gaii f. Gaii n. Brutus Bubulcus]], consul (II): de Lucanis et Bruttiis * [[17 Februarii]] [[275 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus Gurges|Quintus Fabius Quinti f. Marci n. Maximus Gurges]] (II), consul (II): de Samnitis, Lucanis et Bruttiis * mense Februario [[274 a.C.n.]] : [[Manius Curius Dentatus|Manius Curius Manii f. Manii n. Dentatus]] (IV), consul (II): de Samnitis et rege Pyrrho * [[1 Martii]] [[275 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Lentulus Caudinus|Lucius Cornelius Tiberii f. Servii n. Lentulus Caudinus]], consul: de Samnitis et Lucanis * [[17 Februarii]] [[272 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Claudius Canina|Gaius Claudius Marci f. Gaii n. Canina]], consul (II): de Lucani, Samnitis et Bruttiis * 272/[[271 a.C.n.]] : [[Spurius Carvilius Maximus|Spurius Carvilius Gaii f. Gaii n. Maximus]] (II), consul (II): de Samnitis, Lucanis, Bruttiis et Tarentinis * 272/[[271 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Papirius Cursor|Lucius Papirius Lucii f. Spurii n. Cursor]] (II), consul (II): de Tarentinis, Lucanis, Samnitis et Bruttiis * 270/[[269 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Cornelius P.f. Blasio|Gnaeus Cornelius Publii f. Gnaei n. Blasio]], consul: de Reginis * 268/[[267 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Sempronius Sophus|Publius Sempronius Publii f. Publii n. Sophus]], consul: de Picentibus * 268/[[267 a.C.n.]] : [[Appius Claudius Russus|Appius Claudius Appii f. Gaii n. Russus]], consul: de Picentibus * [[23 Ianuarii]] [[266 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Atilius Regulus|Marcus Atilius Marci f. Lucii n. Regulus]], consul: de Sallentinis * [[23 Ianuarii]] [[266 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Iunius Libo|Lucius Iunius Lucii f. Lucii n. Libo]], consul: de Sallentinis * [[26 Septembris]] [[266 a.C.n.]] : [[Decimus Iunius Pera|Decimus Iunius Decimi f. Decimi n. Pera]], consul: de Sassinatibus * [[5 Octobris]] [[266 a.C.n.]] : [[Fabius Pictor|Fabius Gaii f. Marci n. Pictor]], consul: de Sassinatibus * [[1 Februarii]] [[265 a.C.n.]] : [[Fabius Pictor|Fabius Gaii f. Marci n. Pictor]] (II), consul: de Sallentinis et Messapiis * [[5 Februarii]] [[265 a.C.n.]] : [[Decimus Iunius Pera|Decimus Iunius Decimi f. Decimi n. Pera]] (II), consul: de Sallentinis et Messapiis * [[1 Novembris]] [[264 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Flaccus|Marcus Fulvius Quinti f. Marci n. Flaccus]], consul: de Vulsiniensibus * [[17 Martii]] [[263 a.C.n.]] : [[Manius Valerius Maximus Messalla|Manius Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Maximus Messalla]], consul: de Carthaginensibus et Hierone rege Siculorum * kalendis intercalariis 260/[[259 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Duilius|Gaius Duilius Marci f. Marci n.]], consul: triumphus navalis de Siculis et classe Carthaginensium * [[11 Martii]] [[259 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Scipio|Lucius Cornelius Lucii f. Gnaei n. Scipio]], consul: de Carthaginensibus, Sardinia et Corsica * [[4 Octobris]] [[258 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Aquillius Florus|Gaius Aquillius Marci f. Gaii n. Florus]], proconsul: de Carthaginensibus * [[5 Octobris]] [[258 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sulpicius Paterculus|Gaius Sulpicius Quinti f. Quinti n. Paterculus]], consul: de Carthaginensibus et Sardinia * [[17 Ianuarii]] [[256 a.C.n.]] : [[Aulus Atilius Caiatinus|Aulus Atilius Auli f. Gaii n. Caiatinus]], praetor: triumphus navalis de Sicilia et Carthaginensibus * 257/[[256 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Atilius Regulus|Gaius Atilius Marci f. Marci n. Regulus]], consul: de Carthaginensibus * 256/[[255 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Manlius Vulso Longus|Lucius Manlius Auli f. Publii n. Vulso Longus]], consul: triumphus navalis de Carthaginensibus * [[18 Ianuarii]] [[253 a.C.n.]] : [[Servius Fulvius Paetinus Nobilior|Servius Fulvius Marci f. Marci n. Paetinus Nobilior]], proconsul: de Cossurensibus, et navalis de Carthaginensibus * [[19 Ianuarii]] [[253 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Aemilius Paullus|Marcus Aemilius Marci f. Lucii n. Paullus]], proconsul: de Cossurensibus, et navalis de Carthaginensibus * [[23 Martii]] [[253 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Cornelius Asina|Gnaeus Cornelius Lucii f. Gnaei n. Asina]], proconsul: de Carthaginensibus * [[1 Aprilis]] [[253 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sempronius Blaesus|Gaius Sempronius Tiberii f. Tiberii n. Blaesus]], consul: de Carthaginensibus * [[13 Aprilis]] [[252 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Aurelius Cotta|Gaius Aurelius Lucii f. Gaii n. Cotta]], consul: de Carthaginensibus et Siculis * [[7 Septembris]] [[250 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Caecilius Metellus|Lucius Caecilius Lucii f. Gaii n. Metellus]], proconsul: de Carthaginensibus * [[4 Octobris]] [[241 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Lutatius Catulus|Gaius Lutatius Gaii f. Gaii n. Catulus]], proconsul: triumphus navalis de Carthaginensibus in Sicilia * [[6 Octobris]] [[241 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Valerius Falto|Quintus Valerius Quinti f. Publii n. Falto]], propraetor: triumphus navalis e Sicilia * [[1 Martii]] [[241 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Lutatius Cerco|Quintus Lutatius Gaii f. Gaii n. Cerco]], consul: de Falisci * [[4 Martii]] [[241 a.C.n.]] : [[Aulus Manlius Torquatus|Aulus Manlius Titi f. Titi n. Torquatus]], consul (II): de Falisci * idibus intercalariis 236/[[235 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Cornelius Lentulus|Publius Cornelius Lucii f. Tiberii n. Lentulus]], consul: de Liguribus * [[10 Martii]] [[235 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Manlius Torquatus|Titus Manlius Titi f. Titi n. Torquatus]], consul: de Sardis * [[1 Aprilis]] [[234 a.C.n.]] : [[Spurius Carvilius Maximus|Spurius Carvilius Spurii f. Gaii n. Maximus]], consul: de Sardis * [[1 Februarii]] [[232 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus|Quintus Fabius Quinti f. Quinti n. Maximus Verrucosus]], consul: de Liguribus * [[15 Martii]] [[232 a.C.n.]] : [[Manius Pomponius M.f. Matho|Manius Pomponius Manii f. Manii n. Matho]], consul: de Sardis * [[5 Martii]] [[230 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Papirius C.f. Maso|Gaius Papirius Gaii f. Lucii n. Maso]], consul: de Corsicis * [[21 Iunii]] [[228 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Fulvius Cn.f. Centumalus|Gnaeus Fulvius Gnaei f. Gnaei n. Centumalus]], proconsul: triumphus navalis de Illyris * [[5 Martii]] [[225 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aemilius Papus|Lucius Aemilius Quinti f. Gnaei n. Papus]], consul: de Gallis * [[10 Martii]] [[223 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Flaminius|Gaius Flaminius Gaii f. Lucii n.]], consul: de Gallis * [[12 Martii]] [[223 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Furius Philus|Publius Furius Spurii f. Marci n. Philus]], consul: de Gallis et Liguribus * [[1 Martii]] [[222 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus|Marcus Claudius Marci f. Marci n. Marcellus]], proconsul: de Insubribus Gallis et Germanis * desunt nonnulli, inter quos is qui sequitur: * [[201 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus]] de Carthaginensibus. Vide [[Triumphus Publii Cornelii Scipionis (201 a.C.n.)]] == Saeculum 2 a.C.n. == * 197/[[196 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Minucius Rufus|Quintus Minucius Gaii f. Gaii n. Rufus]], consul: de Gallis et Liguribus * [[4 Martii]] [[196 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus|Marcus Claudius Marci f. Marci n. Marcellus]], consul: de Insubribus Gallis * 196/[[195 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Cornelius Blasio]]: ovatio de Celtiberis * 195/[[194 a.C.n.]] : Marcus Helvius ..., proconsul: ovatio de Celtiberis * 195/[[194 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Minucius Thermus|Quintus Minucius Quinti f. Lucii n. Thermus]], proconsul: ex Hispania Ulteriori * 194/[[193 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Porcius Cato|Marcus Porcius Marci f. Cato]], proconsul: ex Hispania Citeriori * 194/[[193 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Quinctius Flamininus|Titus Quinctius Titi f. Lucii n. Flamininus]], proconsul: e Macedonia et de rege Philippo * [[16 Decembris]] [[191 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (consul 189 a.C.n.)|Marcus Fulvius Marci f. Servii n. Nobilior]], proconsul: ovatio ex Hispania Ulteriori * 191/[[190 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Cornelius Nasica|Publius Cornelius Gnaei f. Lucii n. Nasica]], consul: de Boiis Gallis * [[1 Februarii]] [[188 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aemilius Regillus|Lucius Aemilius Marci f. Regillus]], propraetor: triumphus navalis ex Asia de rege Antiocho * [[28 Februarii]] [[188 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius P.f. Scipio Asiaticus|Lucius Cornelius Publii f. Lucii n. Scipio]], proconsul: ex Asia de rege Antiocho * [[5 Februarii]] [[187 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Labeo|Quintus Fabius Quinti f. Quinti n. Labeo]], praetor: triumphus navalis ex Asia de rege Antiocho * [[23 Decembris]] [[187 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Nobilior (consul 189 a.C.n.)|Marcus Fulvius Marci f. Servii n. Nobilior]] (II), consul: de Aetolis et e Cephallenia. Vide [[Triumphus Marci Fulvii Nobilioris (187 a.C.n.)]] * [[5 Martii]] [[186 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Manlius Vulso|Gnaeus Manlius Gnaei f. Lucii n. Vulso]], consul: ex Asia de Gallograecis. Vide [[Triumphus Gnaei Manlii Vulsonis (186 a.C.n.)]] * desunt fere 19 * [[3 Februarii]] [[177 a.C.n.]] : [[Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus|Tiberius Sempronius Publii f. Tiberii n. Gracchus]], proconsul: de Celtiberis et Hispanis * [[4 Februarii]] [[177 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Postumius Albinus|Lucius Postumius Auli f. Auli n. Albinus]], proconsul: e Lusitania et Hispania * kalendis intercalariis 177/[[176 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Claudius Pulcher|Gaius Claudius Appii f. Publii n. Pulcher]], consul: de Istris et Liguribus * [[23 Februarii]] [[174 a.C.n.]] : [[Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus|Tiberius Sempronius Publii f. Tiberii n. Gracchus]] (II), proconsul: e Sardinia * [[174 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Titinius Curvus|Marcus Titinius Marci n. Curvus]], proconsul: ex Hispania Citeriori * [[12 Martii]] [[174 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus|Marcus Aemilius Marci f. Marci n. Lepidus]], consul (II): de Liguribus * [[12 Martii]] [[174 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Mucius Scaevola|Publius Mucius Quinti f. Publii n. Scaevola]], consul: de Liguribus * [[1 Martii]] [[173 a.C.n.]] : [[Appius Claudius Centho|Appius Claudius Gaii f. Appii n. Centho]], proconsul: ovatio e Celtiberia in Hispania * [[1 Octobris]] [[172 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Cicereius]], propraetor: e Corsica * 27-[[29 Novembris]] [[167 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus|Lucius Aemilius Lucii f. Marci n. Paullus]] (II), proconsul: e Macedonia et de rege Perseo. Vide [[Triumphus Lucii Aemilii Paulli (167 a.C.n.)]] * [[1 Decembris]] [[167 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Octavius (consul 165 a.C.n.)|Gnaeus Octavius Gnaei f. Gnaei n.]], propraetor: triumphus navalis e Macedonia et de rege Perseo. Vide [[Triumphus Gnaei Octavii (167 a.C.n.)]] * [[17 Februarii]] [[166 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Anicius Gallus|Lucius Anicius Lucii f. Marci n. Gallus]], propraetor: de rege Genthio et Illyris. Vide [[Triumphus Lucii Anicii Galli (166 a.C.n.)]] * kalendis intercalariis 166/[[165 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus (consul 166 a.C.n.)|Marcus Claudius Marci f. Marci n. Marcellus]], consul: de Contrubiis Gallis, Liguribus et Eleatibus * [[20 Februarii]] [[165 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sulpicius Galus|Gaius Sulpicius Gaii f. Gaii n. Galus]], consul: de Liguribus * [[19 Augusti]] [[158 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Nobilior|Marcus Fulvius Marci f. Marci n. Nobilior]], proconsul: de Liguribus Eleatibus * 155/[[154 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Claudius Marcellus|Marcus Claudius Marci f. Marci n. Marcellus]] (II), consul (II): de [...] et Apuanis * 155/[[154 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica|Publius Cornelius Publii f. Gnaei n. Scipio Nasica]], consul (II): de Dalmatis * desunt fere 33 * [[1 Octobris]] [[129 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sempronius Tuditanus|Gaius Sempronius Gaii f. Gaii n. Tuditanus]], consul: de Iapydibus * [[126 a.C.n.]] : [[Manius Aquillius|Manius Aquillius Manii f. Manii n.]], proconsul: ex Asia * [[123 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Fulvius Flaccus|Marcus Fulvius Marci f. Quinti n. Flaccus]], proconsul: de Liguribus, Vocontiis et Salluviis * [[122 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sextius Calvinus|Gaius Sextius Gaii f. Gaii n. Calvinus]], proconsul: de Liguribus, Vocontiis et Salluviis * [[8 Decembris]] [[122 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Aurelius Orestes|Lucius Aurelius Lucii f. Lucii n. Orestes]], proconsul: e Sardinia * [[121 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Balearicus|Quintus Caecilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Metellus Balearicus]], proconsul: de Balearibus * [[120 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus|Quintus Fabius Quinti Aemiliani f. Quinti n. Maximus]], proconsul: de Allobrogibus et Bituito Arvernorum rege * [[120 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus|Gnaeus Domitius Gnaei f. Gnaei n. Ahenobarbus]], proconsul: de Arvernis Gallis * [[117 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Caecilius Metellus Delmaticus|Lucius Caecilius Lucii f. Quinti n. Metellus Delmaticus]], proconsul: de Dalmatis * [[3 Decembris]] [[117 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Marcius Rex|Quintus Marcius Quinti f. Quinti n. Rex]], proconsul: de Liguribus Stynis * [[115 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (senior)|Marcus Aemilius Marci f. Lucii n. Scaurus]], consul: de Carnis Gallis * [[15 Iulii]] [[111 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Caecilius Metellus|Marcus Caecilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Metellus]], proconsul: e Sardinia * [[15 Iulii]] [[111 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Caecilius Metellus Capruarius|Gaius Caecilius Quinti f. Quinti n. Metellus Capruarius]], proconsul: e Thracia * [[1 Maii]] [[110 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Livius Drusus|Marcus Livius Gaii f. Marci Aemiliani n. Drusus]], proconsul: de Scordiscis et Macedonibus * [[28 Octobris]] [[107 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Servilius Caepio|Quintus Servilius Gnaei f. Gnaei n. Caepio]], proconsul: ex Hispania Ulteriori * [[106 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Numidicus|Quintus Caecilius Lucii f. Quinti n. Metellus Numidicus]], proconsul: de Numidis et rege Iugurtha * [[1 Augusti|1 Sextilis]] [[106 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Minucius Rufus|Marcus Minucius Quinti f. Rufus]], proconsul: de Scordiscis et Thracibus * [[1 Ianuarii]] [[104 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Marius|Gaius Marius Gaii f. Gaii n.]], consul (II): de Numidis et rege Iugurtha * desunt fere 11 == Saeculum 1 a.C.n. == * [[26 Ianuarii]] [[98 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Dolabella|Lucius Cornelius Publii f. Lucii n. Dolabella]], proconsul: ex Hispania Ulteriori de Lusitanis * [[10 Iunii]] [[93 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Didius|Titus Didius Titi f. Servii n.]] (II), proconsul: ex Hispania de Celtiberis * [[12 Iunii]] [[93 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Licinius Crassus (consul 97 a.C.n.)|Publius Licinius Marci f. Publii n. Crassus]], proconsul: de Lusitanis * [[25 Decembris]] [[89 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo|Gnaeus Pompeius Sexti f. Gnaei n. Strabo]], consul: de Picentibus Asculi * [[21 Octobris]] [[88 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Servilius Vatia|Publius Servilius Gaii f. Marci n. Vatia]], propraetor * 27-[[28 Ianuarii]] [[81 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix|Lucius Cornelius Lucii f. Publii n. Sulla Felix]], dictator: de rege Mithridate. Vide [[Triumphus Lucii Cornelii Sullae (81 a.C.n.)]] * [[81 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Licinius Murena (pro praetore in Asia)|Lucius Licinius Lucii f. Murena]], propraetor: de rege Mithridate * desunt fere 29 ex inscriptione, inter quos tres qui sequuntur <!-- e Vicipaedia Hispanica: *'''{{AC|81}}''': [[Gayo Valerio Flaco (cónsul 93 a. C.)|Gayo Valerio Flaco]], sobre [[Bélgida]], ciudad de [[Hispania]].--> * [[12 Martii]] [[79 a.C.n.]]: [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeus Pompeius Gnaei f. Sexti n.]] (I), ex Africa. Vide [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]]<!-- *'''{{AC|77}}''': [[Gneo Cornelio Dolabela]], sobre las tribus de [[Tracia]]. *'''{{AC|75}}''': [[Publio Servilio Vatia Isaúrico (cónsul 79 a. C.)|Publio Servilio Vatia]], sobre [[Cilicia]] y los [[piratería|piratas]]. *'''{{AC|72}}''': [[Gayo Escribonio Curión (cónsul 76 a. C.)|Gayo Escribonio Curión]], sobre las tribus de [[Tracia]]. *'''{{AC|71}}''': [[Quinto Cecilio Metelo Pío|Quinto Cecilio Metelo]], sobre [[Quinto Sertorio|Sertorio]] y los rebeldes de [[Hispania]]. *'''{{AC|71}}''': [[Marco Terencio Varrón Lúculo|Marco Licinio Lúculo]], sobre las tribus de [[Tracia]]. *'''{{AC|71}}''': [[Marco Licinio Craso]], sobre los gladiadores de [[Espartaco]]. --> *[[31 Decembris]] [[71 a.C.n.]]: [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeus Pompeius Gnaei f. Sexti n.]] (II), ex Hispania. Vide [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]]<!-- *'''{{AC|69}}''': [[Lucio Calpurnio Pisón]], sobre las tribus de [[Hispania]]. --> * [[63 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Licinius Lucullus]], proconsul: de rege Mithridate. Vide [[Triumphus Lucii Licinii Luculli (63 a.C.n.)]] * [[1 Iunii]] [[62 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Caecilius Metellus Creticus|Quintus Caecilius Gaii f. Quinti n. Metellus Creticus]], proconsul: ex insula Creta * 28-[[29 Septembris]] [[61 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus|Gnaeus Pompeius Gnaei f. Sexti n. Magnus]] (III), proconsul: ex Asia, Ponto, Armenia, Paphlagonia, Cappadocia, Cilicia, Syria, Scythibus, Iudaeis, Albania et piratibus. Vide [[Triumphi Gnaei Pompei Magni]] * [[2 Novembris]] [[54 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Pomptinus]], propraetor: de Allobrogibus. Vide [[Triumphus Gai Pomptini]] * desunt fere 16 ex inscriptione, inter quos 5 qui sequuntur<ref>[[Suetonius]], ''[[De vita Caesarum]]'' "Divus Iulius" 37</ref> * [[46 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar]] (I), dictator (II): e Gallia. Vide [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * 46 a.C.n. : Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar (II), dictator (II): ex Alexandria. Vide [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * 46 a.C.n. : Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar (III), dictator (II): ex Ponto. Vide [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * 46 a.C.n. : Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar (IV), dictator (II): ex Africa. Vide [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * [[45 a.C.n.]] : Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar (V), dictator (III): ex Hispania. Vide [[Triumphi Gai Iulii Caesaris]] * [[13 Octobris]] [[45 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Fabius Maximus (consul 45 a.C.n.)|Quintus Fabius Quinti f. Quinti n. Maximus]], consul: ex Hispania * [[13 Decembris]] [[45 a.C.n.]] : [[Quintus Pedius|Quintus Pedius Marci f.]], proconsul: ex Hispania * [[26 Ianuarii]] [[44 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaius Iulius Gaii f. Gaii n. Caesar]] (VI), dictator (IV): ovatio * [[29 Decembris]] [[43 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Munatius Plancus|Lucius Munatius Lucii f. Lucii n. Plancus]], proconsul: e Gallia. Vide [[Triumphus L. Munatii Planci (43 a.C.n.)]] * [[31 Decembris]] [[43 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Aemilius Lepidus|Marcus Aemilius Marci f. Quinti n. Lepidus]] (II), triumvir r.p.c., proconsul: ex Hispania. Vide [[Triumphus M. Aemilii Lepidi (43 a.C.n.)]] * [[31 Iulii]] [[42 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Vatinius|Publius Vatinius Publii f.]], proconsul: de Illyrico * [[1 Ianuarii]] [[41 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Antonius Pietas|Lucius Antonius Marci f. Marci n.]], consul: ex Alpibus. Vide [[Triumphus Lucii Antonii]] * [[40 a.C.n.]] : [[Augustus (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Divi f.]], triumvir r.p.c.: ovatio ob pacem factam. Vide [[Triumphi Octaviani Augusti]] * [[40 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Antonius|Marcus Antonius Marci f. Marci n.]], triumvir r.p.c.: ovatio ob pacem factam * [[1 Ianuarii]] [[39 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Marcius Censorinus|Lucius Marcius Lucii f. Gaii n. Censorinus]], consul: e Macedonia * [[25 Octobris]] [[39 a.C.n.]] ? : [[Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 a.C.n.)|Gaius Asinius Gnaei f. Pollio]], proconsul: de Parthinis * [[27 Novembris]] [[38 a.C.n.]] : [[Publius Ventidius Bassus|Publius Ventidius Publii f.]], proconsul: e monte Tauro et de Parthis * [[17 Iulii]] [[36 a.C.n.]] : [[Gnaeus Domitius Calvinus|Gnaeus Domitius Marci f. Marci n. Calvinus]], proconsul: ex Hispania * [[13 Novembris]] [[36 a.C.n.]] : [[Augustus (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Divi f.]] (II), triumvir r.p.c. (II): ovatio e Sicilia. Vide [[Triumphi Octaviani Augusti]] * [[30 Iunii]] [[34 a.C.n.]] : [[Titus Statilius Taurus|Titus Statilius Titi f. Taurus]], proconsul: ex Africa * [[3 Septembris]] [[34 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Sosius|Gaius Sosius Gaii f. Titi n.]], proconsul: e Iudaea * [[12 Octobris]] [[34 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Norbanus Flaccus (consul 38 a.C.n.)|Gaius Norbanus Gaii f. Flaccus]], proconsul: ex Hispania * desunt lineae c. 17, inter quas ea quae sequuntur: * [[6 Augusti|6]], [[7 Augusti|7]] et [[8 Augusti]] [[29 a.C.n.]] : [[Augustus (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Divi f.]]: ex Aegypto et de Cleopatra. Vide [[Triumphi Octaviani Augusti]] * [[14 Iulii]] [[28 a.C.n.]] : [[Gaius Carrinas|Gaius Carrinas Gaii f.]], proconsul: e Gallia * [[16 Augusti]] [[28 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Autronius Paetus|Lucius Autronius Publii f. Lucii n. Paetus]], proconsul: ex Africa * [[4 Iulii]] [[27 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Licinius Crassus (consul 30 a.C.n.)|Marcus Licinius Marci f. Marci n. Crassus]], proconsul: e Thracia et Getis * [[25 Septembris]] [[27 a.C.n.]] : [[Marcus Valerius Messalla Corvinus (consul 31 a.C.n.)|Marcus Valerius Marci f. Marci n. Messalla Corvinus]], proconsul: e Gallia. Vide [[Triumphus Messallae Corvini]] * [[26 Ianuarii]] [[26 a.C.n.]] : [[Sextus Appuleius|Sextus Appuleius Sexti f. Sexti n.]], proconsul: ex Hispania * [[12 Octobris]] [[21 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Sempronius Atratinus|Lucius Sempronius Lucii f. Lucii n. Atratinus]], proconsul: ex Africa * [[27 Martii]] [[19 a.C.n.]] : [[Lucius Cornelius Balbus|Lucius Cornelius Publii f. Balbus]], proconsul: ex Africa == Triumphi posteriores aliqui == * [[16 Ianuarii]] [[9 a.C.n.]] : [[Tiberius (imperator)|Tiberius]]: ovatio e Pannonia. Vide [[Triumphi Tiberii]] * [[7 a.C.n.]] : [[Tiberius (imperator)|Tiberius]]: e Germania. Vide [[Triumphi Tiberii]] * [[23 Octobris]] [[12]] : [[Tiberius (imperator)|Tiberius]]: ex Illyrico. Vide [[Triumphi Tiberii]] * [[26 Maii]] [[17]] : [[Germanicus|Ti. Claudius Nero Germanicus]] : e Germania. Vide [[Triumphus Germanici]] * [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudius]] : de Britannis. Vide [[Triumphus Claudii]] * [[71]] : [[Vespasianus (imperator)|Vespasianus]]: de Iudaeis. Vide [[Triumphus Vespasiani]] * [[85]]-[[86]] : [[Domitianus (imperator)|Domitianus]]: bis de Dacis. Vide [[Triumphi Domitiani]] * [[113]] : [[Traianus (imperator)|Traianus]]: de Dacis<ref>"Trajan’s Column, dedicated in 113, tells the story of his Dacian wars, which his victory arch at Beneventum (dated 113–114) completes by depicting his Dacian triumph" ... "Whoever “the Maestro” was — the Column’s scenes (in whole or part) derive from paintings of the wars’ events displayed in Trajan’s triumph": Everett L Wheeler, [https://www.academia.edu/4104242/Romans_Dacian_Wars_Domitian_Trajan_and_Strategy_on_the_Danube_Part_I Rome's Dacian Wars: Domitian, Trajan, and Strategy on the Danube, Part I]" in ''Journal of military history'' vol. 74 (2010) pp. 1185–1227, vide pp. 1192-1194 </ref> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Triumphus]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Nexus externi == * [http://www.attalus.org/translate/fasti.html Fasti triumphales Anglice versi] (fons primordialis huius paginae) == Bibliographia == * Mary Beard, ''The Roman Triumph''. 2007 [http://books.google.fr/books?id=NwvKsHgd6cwC Paginae selectae] * A. Degrassi, ''Fasti Capitolini''. Taurinis: Paravia, 1954 (fons huius paginae) * William Ramsay, "[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Triumphus.html Triumphus]" in {{Smith-dgra}} pp. 1163-1167 * Ernestus Künzl, ''Der römische Triumph : Siegesfeiern im antiken Rom'', Monaci, H Beck, 1988. ISBN 3-406-32899-7 * H. S. Versnel, ''Triumphus: An Inquiry into the Origin, Development and Meaning of the Roman Triumph''. Lugduni Batavorum: Brill, 1970 [[Categoria:Triumphi|+]] [[fr:Fasti triumphales]] 3t0eomnx4b2g0bawlwtu5hjrle26wyx 0 109343 3962646 3962209 2026-05-30T14:32:49Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:86]] 3962646 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} Suetonius, ''Domitianus'' 6 67.8-10 Xiphilinus: Domitiani triumphus Dacicus Edidit sumptuosum spectaculum ex quo nihil dignum historia accepimus praeterquam quod virgines cursu certaverunt. Post haec dies festos egit, videlicet triumphales: exhibuit crebra certamina, proeliis peditum ac deinde equitum commissis in circo, tum etiam in novo quodam loco bello navali facto, in quo non solum omnes fere qui pugnaverunt mortui sunt, sed etiam multi ex spectatoribus, propterea quod maximo imbri et vehementi tempestate repente commota nemini permisit abire ex spectaculo, et quanquam ipse penulam mutavit, tamen ceteros nihil mutare passus est. Qua ex re non pauci in graves morbos inciderunt et mortui sunt. Itaque populo nocturnum epulum dedit eius consolandi causa. Noctu enim saepe exhibebat certamina, interdum vero et nonnas et mulieres committebat. == Bibliographia == * Brian Jones, ''The Emperor Domitian'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1993) p. 139 * Gökhan Tekir, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343955815_Domitian%27s_Dacian_War Domitian's Dacian War]" in ''Anasay'' vol. 4 no. 13 (2020) pp. 75-102, vide p. 85 [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:86]] 9pelvad1wgtdu0kux3txx2u95q29j3g 3962647 3962646 2026-05-30T14:33:00Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Domitianus]] 3962647 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} Suetonius, ''Domitianus'' 6 67.8-10 Xiphilinus: Domitiani triumphus Dacicus Edidit sumptuosum spectaculum ex quo nihil dignum historia accepimus praeterquam quod virgines cursu certaverunt. Post haec dies festos egit, videlicet triumphales: exhibuit crebra certamina, proeliis peditum ac deinde equitum commissis in circo, tum etiam in novo quodam loco bello navali facto, in quo non solum omnes fere qui pugnaverunt mortui sunt, sed etiam multi ex spectatoribus, propterea quod maximo imbri et vehementi tempestate repente commota nemini permisit abire ex spectaculo, et quanquam ipse penulam mutavit, tamen ceteros nihil mutare passus est. Qua ex re non pauci in graves morbos inciderunt et mortui sunt. Itaque populo nocturnum epulum dedit eius consolandi causa. Noctu enim saepe exhibebat certamina, interdum vero et nonnas et mulieres committebat. == Bibliographia == * Brian Jones, ''The Emperor Domitian'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1993) p. 139 * Gökhan Tekir, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343955815_Domitian%27s_Dacian_War Domitian's Dacian War]" in ''Anasay'' vol. 4 no. 13 (2020) pp. 75-102, vide p. 85 [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:86]] [[Categoria:Domitianus]] 7ug35yjvcz8fwkauh9v4f24anm5d57z 3962648 3962647 2026-05-30T14:33:11Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Dacia]] 3962648 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} Suetonius, ''Domitianus'' 6 67.8-10 Xiphilinus: Domitiani triumphus Dacicus Edidit sumptuosum spectaculum ex quo nihil dignum historia accepimus praeterquam quod virgines cursu certaverunt. Post haec dies festos egit, videlicet triumphales: exhibuit crebra certamina, proeliis peditum ac deinde equitum commissis in circo, tum etiam in novo quodam loco bello navali facto, in quo non solum omnes fere qui pugnaverunt mortui sunt, sed etiam multi ex spectatoribus, propterea quod maximo imbri et vehementi tempestate repente commota nemini permisit abire ex spectaculo, et quanquam ipse penulam mutavit, tamen ceteros nihil mutare passus est. Qua ex re non pauci in graves morbos inciderunt et mortui sunt. Itaque populo nocturnum epulum dedit eius consolandi causa. Noctu enim saepe exhibebat certamina, interdum vero et nonnas et mulieres committebat. == Bibliographia == * Brian Jones, ''The Emperor Domitian'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1993) p. 139 * Gökhan Tekir, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343955815_Domitian%27s_Dacian_War Domitian's Dacian War]" in ''Anasay'' vol. 4 no. 13 (2020) pp. 75-102, vide p. 85 [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:86]] [[Categoria:Domitianus]] [[Categoria:Dacia]] 47yi9w0ka4e63pk2a6zh1lz3xc9vaxp 3962650 3962648 2026-05-30T14:46:37Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Dacia]]; +[[Categoria:Bella Dacica]] 3962650 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} Suetonius, ''Domitianus'' 6 67.8-10 Xiphilinus: Domitiani triumphus Dacicus Edidit sumptuosum spectaculum ex quo nihil dignum historia accepimus praeterquam quod virgines cursu certaverunt. Post haec dies festos egit, videlicet triumphales: exhibuit crebra certamina, proeliis peditum ac deinde equitum commissis in circo, tum etiam in novo quodam loco bello navali facto, in quo non solum omnes fere qui pugnaverunt mortui sunt, sed etiam multi ex spectatoribus, propterea quod maximo imbri et vehementi tempestate repente commota nemini permisit abire ex spectaculo, et quanquam ipse penulam mutavit, tamen ceteros nihil mutare passus est. Qua ex re non pauci in graves morbos inciderunt et mortui sunt. Itaque populo nocturnum epulum dedit eius consolandi causa. Noctu enim saepe exhibebat certamina, interdum vero et nonnas et mulieres committebat. == Bibliographia == * Brian Jones, ''The Emperor Domitian'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1993) p. 139 * Gökhan Tekir, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343955815_Domitian%27s_Dacian_War Domitian's Dacian War]" in ''Anasay'' vol. 4 no. 13 (2020) pp. 75-102, vide p. 85 [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:86]] [[Categoria:Domitianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Dacica]] akuhwsarabe1ddl1p8iml510jkaqq9a 3962701 3962650 2026-05-30T18:41:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3962701 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} Annis 84 (quoi tempore Agricola revocatus est) et 86. Anno 84 titulum "Germanicum" meruit; mensem Septembrem "Germanicum" appellavit Imperator Caesar Augustus Germanicus eo bello, quo victis hostibus cognomen Germanici meruit ... (Frontinus, Strat. 2.11.7) [Domitiano] inerat conscientia derisui fuisse nuper falsum e Germania triumphum, emptis per commercia, quorum habitus et crines in captivorum speciem formarentur (Tacitus, ''Agricola'' 39.1) De Chattis Dacisque post varia proelia duplicem triumphum egit (Suetonius, ''Domitianus'' 6). Accipiet ergo aliquando Capitolium non mimicos currus nec falsae simulacra victoriae, sed imperatorem veram ac solidam gloriam reportantem (Plinius minor, ''Panegyricus Traiani'' 16.3) Ἐκστρατεύσας δὲ ἐς τὴν Γερμανίαν καὶ μηδ᾿ ἑορακώς που πόλεμον ἐπανῆκε. τί γὰρ δεῖ καὶ λέγειν ἃ διὰ τοῦτο καὶ ἐκείνῳ τότε καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις τοῖς ὁμοίοις αὐτῷ αὐτοκράτορσιν ἀεὶ ἐδόθη ... Domitianus profectus in Germaniam cum exercitu, hoste nusquam viso, revertit. Hoc loco mihi commemorare non necesse est ex quae tum ob eam causam ei caeterisque imperatoribus eius simillimis semper tributa sunt ... (Dio 67.4.1 [Xiphilinus 218, 22–29 R. St., Exc. Val. 279 (p. 706)]) καὶ πολλοῖς τὴν ἑορτὴν πομπείοις ἐκόσμησεν οὐκ ἐξ ὧν εἷλε ... ἀλλ᾿ ἐκ τῶν βασιλικῶν ἐπίπλων· τούτοις γὰρ ὡς καὶ αἰχμαλώτοις ἀεί ποτε ἐχρῆτο, ἅτε καὶ τὴν ἀρχὴν αὐτὴν δεδουλωμένος He graced the festival that followed with many exhibits appropriate to a triumph, though they came from no booty that he had captured ... The exhibits which he displayed really came from the store of imperial furniture, which he at all times treated as captured spoils, inasmuch as he had enslaved even the empire itself. (Dio 67.7.4 [.—Exc. UR 14 (p. 400)]) ἐποίησε δὲ καὶ θέαν πολυτελῆ, ἐν ᾗ ἄλλο μὲν οὐδὲν ἐς ἱστορίαν ἐπίσημον παρελάβομεν, πλὴν ὅτι καὶ παρθένοι τῷ δρομικῷ ἠγωνίσαντο· μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα ἑορτάς τινας νικητηρίους δῆθεν ἐπιτελῶν ἀγῶνας συχνοὺς 2ἐποίησε. τοῦτο μὲν γὰρ ἐν τῷ ἱπποδρόμῳ μάχας καὶ πεζῶν πρὸς ἀλλήλους καὶ ἱππέων αὖ συνέβαλε, τοῦτο δὲ καὶ ἐν καινῷ τινι χωρίῳ ναυμαχίαν ἐπετέλεσε. καὶ ἀπέθανον ἐν αὐτῇ πάντες μὲν ὀλίγου δεῖν οἱ ναυμαχήσαντες, συχνοὶ δὲ καὶ ἐκ 3τῶν θεωμένων· ὑετοῦ γὰρ πολλοῦ καὶ χειμῶνος σφοδροῦ ἐξαίφνης γενομένου οὐδενὶ ἐπέτρεψεν ἐκ τῆς θέας ἀπαλλαγῆναι, ἀλλ᾿ αὐτὸς μανδύας ἀλλασσόμενος ἐκείνους οὐδὲν εἴασε μεταβαλεῖν, καὶ ἐκ τούτου ἐνόσησαν οὐκ ὀλίγοι καὶ ἐτελεύτησαν. ἐφ᾿ ᾧ που παραμυθούμενος αὐτοὺς δεῖπνόν σφισι δημοσίᾳ διὰ πάσης τῆς νυκτὸς παρέσχε. πολλάκις δὲ καὶ τοὺς ἀγῶνας νύκτωρ ἐποίει, καὶ ἔστιν ὅτε καὶ νάνους καὶ γυναῖκας συνέβαλλε. Edidit sumptuosum spectaculum ex quo nihil dignum historia accepimus praeterquam quod virgines cursu certaverunt. Post haec dies festos egit, videlicet triumphales: exhibuit crebra certamina, proeliis peditum ac deinde equitum commissis in circo, tum etiam in novo quodam loco bello navali facto, in quo non solum omnes fere qui pugnaverunt mortui sunt, sed etiam multi ex spectatoribus, propterea quod maximo imbri et vehementi tempestate repente commota nemini permisit abire ex spectaculo, et quanquam ipse penulam mutavit, tamen ceteros nihil mutare passus est. Qua ex re non pauci in graves morbos inciderunt et mortui sunt. Itaque populo nocturnum epulum dedit eius consolandi causa. Noctu enim saepe exhibebat certamina, interdum vero et nonnas et mulieres committebat (Dio 67.8-10 [Xiphilinus 219, 24 ff. R St.]). == Bibliographia == * Brian Jones, ''The Emperor Domitian'' (Londinii: Routledge, 1993) p. 139 * Gökhan Tekir, "[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343955815_Domitian%27s_Dacian_War Domitian's Dacian War]" in ''Anasay'' vol. 4 no. 13 (2020) pp. 75-102, vide p. 85 [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:86]] [[Categoria:Domitianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Dacica]] tvyp1fik7hqc7qe7qigvxjyfz6tid4n 0 121114 3962674 3914622 2026-05-30T16:44:12Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962674 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Dolleren.jpg|thumb|250 px|Dolleren: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Crucifixio Iesu|Sanctae Crucis]] exaltationis]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68073.png|thumb|left|250px|Dolleren: communis tabula]] ''' Dolleren''' ([[Germanice]] '''Dollern''') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 460 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]], post autem diem [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' appellata. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dolleren|Dolleren}} * {{INSEE commune|68073|de=Dolleren}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11912 De hoc communi apud cassini.ehess.fr] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20220327085044/http://www.dolleren.fr/ Huius communis pagina interretialis] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 8psvnx4w0j4wqwrv03wngbn4xyabjl5 0 121802 3962624 3958437 2026-05-30T13:00:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3962624 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula]] '''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''' ([[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'', Latine duodecimo saeculo: ''villa et parochia Sulsa''<ref>A. Gasser (1905) p.6.</ref>) est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|Sultz in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17). In loco A notato sunt balinea.]] Nomen ad fontem aquae salsae spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] Sultz in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est cui caput [[Rubeacum]] fuit. Tertio decimo saeculo urbs moenibus circumdata est atque iura urbis habuit. Ab anno [[1310]] domus [[Ordo Hospitalis|ordinis hospitalis]] sancti Iohannis ibi fuit. In [[Bellum rusticum Germanicum|Bello rustico]] (1525) rustici Sultz ab incolis adiuti die 6 Maii ceperunt, conventus diripuerunt atque inde [[Guebwiller]] oppugnatum ierunt<ref>Philippe Légin, ''L'Abbaye de Murbach en Haute-Alsace'', La Goélette, 2003 p.31.</ref>. Ideo pacata regione in Sultzenses saevitum est. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae 'Sultzenses' appellantur. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] Sultz non procul a prima acie (circa [[Hartmannswiller|Hartmannswillerkopf]] acriter et diu pugnatum est) situm damna accepit et victimas ploravit. == Administratio == Sultz situm est in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller et cantone [[Guebwiller]]. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt (inter eas sunt [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Ruisseau le Rimbach, vu du vieux pont.jpg|thumb|Rivus Rimbach urbem transfluit.]] *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 ** ''Livre d'or de la ville de Soultz en Haute-Alsace'', Soultz, 1909 [https://books.google.fr/books/about/Livre_d_or_de_la_ville_de_Soultz_en_Haut.html?id=saRHArB9bf8C&redir_esc=y Guglum librorum] *Moïse GINSBURGER, ''[https://www.judaisme-alsalor.fr/synagog/hautrhin/r-z/soultz/hist-sz.htm Histoire de la Communauté israélite de Soultz (Haut-Rhin)]'', 1939 {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [https://www.ville-soultz.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 0ebu0gj07szj6441v6cd4urnkrz6rb5 3962634 3962624 2026-05-30T14:15:08Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Christianismus|Christiana]], [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata.]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula geographica.]] '''Sulsa'''<ref>Latine duodecimo saeculo: "villa et parochia Sulsa" in A. Gasser (1905), 6.</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''; [[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Sulsa in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17). In loco A notato sunt [[balneum|balnea]].]] Nomen ad fontem [[aqua salsa|aquas salsas]] spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est, cui [[caput (oppidum)|caput]] [[Rubeacum]] fuit. Tertio decimo saeculo urbs moenibus circumdata est atque iura urbana habuit. Ab anno [[1310]], domus [[Ordo Hospitalis|ordinis hospitalis]] [[Ioannes (sanctus)|sancti Ioannis]] ibi fuit. In [[Bellum rusticum Germanicum|Bello rustico]] (1525) rustici Susae ab incolis adiuti die 6 Maii ceperunt, conventus diripuerunt atque inde [[Guebwiller]] oppugnatum ierunt<ref>Philippe Légin, ''L'Abbaye de Murbach en Haute-Alsace'', La Goélette, 2003 p.31.</ref>. Ideo pacata regione in Sulsenses saevitum est. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae Sulsenses appellantur. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] Sulsa non procul a prima acie (circa [[Hartmannswiller|Hartmannswillerkopf]] acriter et diu pugnatum est) situm damna accepit et victimas ploravit. == Administratio == Sulsa sita est in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller et cantone [[Guebwiller]]. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt, inter quas [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]) sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Ruisseau le Rimbach, vu du vieux pont.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Rivus Rimbach urbem transfluit.]] *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 ** ''Livre d'or de la ville de Soultz en Haute-Alsace'', Soultz, 1909 [https://books.google.fr/books/about/Livre_d_or_de_la_ville_de_Soultz_en_Haut.html?id=saRHArB9bf8C&redir_esc=y Guglum librorum] *Moïse Ginsburger, ''[https://www.judaisme-alsalor.fr/synagog/hautrhin/r-z/soultz/hist-sz.htm Histoire de la Communauté israélite de Soultz (Haut-Rhin)]'', 1939. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Sulsam}} * [https://www.ville-soultz.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 04mkyrmhyp98mkz591qprv0hb8vfn1l 3962635 3962634 2026-05-30T14:15:38Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Soultz-Haut-Rhin]] ad [[Sulsa]]: Lemma 3962634 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:2002-Soultz, Eglise St Maurice.JPG|thumb|Communis [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Christianismus|Christiana]], [[Sanctus Mauritius|sancto Mauritio]] dicata.]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 68315.png|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Communis tabula geographica.]] '''Sulsa'''<ref>Latine duodecimo saeculo: "villa et parochia Sulsa" in A. Gasser (1905), 6.</ref> ([[Francogallice]] ''Soultz-Haut-Rhin''; [[Theodisce]] ''Sulz'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 7019 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Superior|Rheni Superioris]] et ab anno [[2021]] [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Sults Statt.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Sulsa in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' (saec.17). In loco A notato sunt [[balneum|balnea]].]] Nomen ad fontem [[aqua salsa|aquas salsas]] spectat, ad quem vicus aedificatus est. Iam septimo saeculo memorabatur. Ab anno 1079 usque ad [[1789]] in dominium [[Episcopus|episcoporum]] [[Argentoratum|Argentoratensium]] ''Hochmundat'' nuncupatum incorporatum est, cui [[caput (oppidum)|caput]] [[Rubeacum]] fuit. Tertio decimo saeculo urbs moenibus circumdata est atque iura urbana habuit. Ab anno [[1310]], domus [[Ordo Hospitalis|ordinis hospitalis]] [[Ioannes (sanctus)|sancti Ioannis]] ibi fuit. In [[Bellum rusticum Germanicum|Bello rustico]] (1525) rustici Susae ab incolis adiuti die 6 Maii ceperunt, conventus diripuerunt atque inde [[Guebwiller]] oppugnatum ierunt<ref>Philippe Légin, ''L'Abbaye de Murbach en Haute-Alsace'', La Goélette, 2003 p.31.</ref>. Ideo pacata regione in Sulsenses saevitum est. In regestis [[Paroecia|parochialibus]] incolae Sulsenses appellantur. In [[Primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] Sulsa non procul a prima acie (circa [[Hartmannswiller|Hartmannswillerkopf]] acriter et diu pugnatum est) situm damna accepit et victimas ploravit. == Administratio == Sulsa sita est in [[circumdarium|circumdario]] Thann-Guebwiller et cantone [[Guebwiller]]. Communis fines in duas partes separatas divisi sunt, inter quas [[Jungholtz]] et [[Wuenheim]]) sunt. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == [[Fasciculus:Ruisseau le Rimbach, vu du vieux pont.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Rivus Rimbach urbem transfluit.]] *Augustus Gasser, ''[https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k57858481/f8.item L'église et la paroisse de Soultz (Haute-Alsace)]'', [[Colmaria|Colmariae,]] H. Huffel, 1905 ** ''Livre d'or de la ville de Soultz en Haute-Alsace'', Soultz, 1909 [https://books.google.fr/books/about/Livre_d_or_de_la_ville_de_Soultz_en_Haut.html?id=saRHArB9bf8C&redir_esc=y Guglum librorum] *Moïse Ginsburger, ''[https://www.judaisme-alsalor.fr/synagog/hautrhin/r-z/soultz/hist-sz.htm Histoire de la Communauté israélite de Soultz (Haut-Rhin)]'', 1939. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris|Index communium praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Soultz-Haut-Rhin|Sulsam}} * [https://www.ville-soultz.fr/ Soultz-Haut-Rhin pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|68315|de=Soultz-Haut-Rhin}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=36719 De hoc communi apud Cassini] [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Superioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni superioris]] 04mkyrmhyp98mkz591qprv0hb8vfn1l 0 122287 3962620 3911429 2026-05-30T12:50:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3962620 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Dambach_H%C3%B4telVille_02.JPG |thumb|250 px|Dambach-la-Ville: [[curia municipalis]] ]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 67084.png|250 px|left|thumb|Dambach-la-Ville: communis tabula]] [[Fasciculus:Dambach-la-Ville_plain_Alsace.JPG|thumb|250 px|Dambach-la-Ville: despectus in vicum]] '''Tambacum'''<ref>[https://www.dambach-la-ville.fr/presentation/histoire Fons nominis Latini]. In regestis parochialibus '''Dambachium''' quoque legitur, scilicet Germanici nominis latinizatio.</ref> (Francice ''Dambach-la-Ville'', [[Germanice]] ''Dambach'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'186 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Inferior|Rheni Inferioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == De geographia == Hoc commune sub [[Vosegus|Vosego]] monte ad 'Viam Vinorum' dictam situm est, in [[Circumdarium|circumdario]] ''Sélestat-Erstein'' et in [[canto|cantone]] [[Barr (Rhenus Inferior)|Barrensi]]. 50 [[Chiliometrum|chiliometra]] ab [[Argentoratum|Argentorato]] a meridie distat, decem [[Chiliometrum|chiliometra]] a [[Selestadium|Selestadio]] a septentrione et occidente, 31 chiliometra a [[Colmaria]] (a septentrione et occidente). [[Statio ferriviaria|Statione ferriviaria]] iam ab anno 1877 gaudet in linea quae Selestadio ad [[Tres Tabernae (Francia)|Tres Tabernas]] ducit. == De oeconomia == [[Fasciculus:Danbach, Matthäus Merian, 1644.jpg|thumb|Tambacum a [[Matthaeus Merianus Iunior|Matthaeo Meriano]] depictum et in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' publicatum (1663).]] Iam a medio aevo atque fortasse etiam a Romana aetate Tambacenses vitis culturae et vini fabricationi sese dederunt atque ex eo opere lucrum duxerunt. Nam unum e maximis vinetis Alsatiae possidet et vicus ex omni parte vinea circumdatus est. [[Industrializatio]] quae nono decimo saeculo in cetera Alsatia maxime viguit Tambacum non tetigit. Quapropter ''[[Daktulosphaira vitifoliae]]'' exeunte saeculo vineta vastans magnam calamitatem incolis attulit. Tandem anno [[1924]] Salomon Lipovsky fabricam [[udo|udonum]] sub signo ''Labonal'' creavit quae usque ad mille [[Operarius|operarios]] adhibuit. Haec fabrica post varias vicissitudines hodieque udones Tambaci producit<ref>[https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/grand-est/theim-met-ses-motifs-alsaciens-sur-les-chaussettes-labonal-1775718 Les Echos 9 Iulii 2022]</ref>. Vinum tamen praecipuus divitiarum fons communi denuo habetur (''grand cru''<ref>Haec verba Francica "optimum vinetum" valent atque appellatio publice protecta est.</ref> ''Frankstein'') atque [[turismus]] quoque paulatim crescit ob veteres domos et portas moenium medioaevalium servatas (necnon ad vinum gustandum = oenoturismus). == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Dambach plMarché d.JPG|thumb|Ursus supra fontanam erectus.]] Aetate Galloromana in finibus communis fuit magna fabrica [[tegula|tegularum]] atque fortasse etiam [[villa]] quod nomen ipsum cum suffixo -acum indicare videtur. Undecimo saeculo regio in [[episcopus|episcopi]] Argentoratensis potestatem venit qui dominus ibi esse usque ad magnas [[Res novae Francicae|Res Novas]] perstitit. Tertio decimo saeculo duos vicos circumstantes deseri iussit et omnes incolas Tambacum colligi quod validis moenibus circumdedit. Hoc oppido velut propugnaculo adversus inimicos suos, comites de [[Eguisheim|Egisheim]]-Dabo, uti volebat qui castellum summo monte Tambaco supereminente aedificarant: hodieque ruinae [[castellum|castelli]] de Bernstein procul conspicuae sunt. Bernstein Germanice tamquam "saxum ursi" interpretari licet (Bär + Stein) et fortasse origo fuit ursorum et in [[Insigne|insigni]] urbis et in [[fontana]] praesentium. Anno 1444 Tambacum a mercennariis obsidetur quibus praeerat futurus [[Ludovicus XI]] qui dono ab episcopo accepto urbi postremo pepercit. Anno 1493 incolae seditionibus agricolarum sese coniungunt quae Germanice apellatae sunt ''Bundschuh'' e [[Caliga|caligis]] [[Corrigia (discretiva)|corrigiatis]] quas tum gerebant rusticani. Anno [[1525]] rustici iterum contra dominos et episcopum [[Bellum rusticum Germanicum|arma capiunt]] sed ad vicum proximum [[Scherwiller]] ab exercitu [[Ducatus Lotharingiae|ducali e Lotharingia]] veniente die 20 Maii victi sunt: quinque milia eorum trucidantur quorum ossa sunt qui putent in [[Ossuarium|ossuario]] capellae Sancti Sebastiani Tambaci collecta esse. Maxima damna tamen [[Bellum triginta annorum|Bello triginta annorum]] passi sunt cum ab anno 1632 [[Suecia|Suecicae]] et Francogallicae copiae oppidum occuparunt. Multa vectigalia exigunt sed incolarum vitis aliquatenus parcunt. Anno 1642 impetus Lotharingiae ducis repellitur. Circa eadem tempora [[striga|strigarum]] iudicia habita sunt. In censu anni 1664 Tambacum 1305 incolas habebat. Saeculo exeunte Tambacum in administrationis Francogallicae iurisdictionem venit quae episcopo Argentinensi succedit. Communitas [[Iudaei|Iudaea]] ibi consedit quae [[Synagoga|synagogam]] aedificavit. ==Notae== <references /> [[Fasciculus:EU FR 67 Dambach la Ville Arms.svg|thumb|Communis insigne cum urso.]] {{NexInt}} [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dambach-la-Ville|Dambach-la-Ville}} * [http://www.dambach-la-ville.fr/ Tambaci pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|67084|de=Dambach-la-Ville}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11492 De hoc communi apud Cassini] *[https://www.dambach-la-ville-decouverte.com/ Videogramma ad Tambaci [[Periegesis|periegesim]] invitans] * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10112777m Insigne Tambaci nono decimo saec. pictum] apud Gallica. *[http://www.judaisme-alsalor.fr/synagog/basrhin/a-f/dambach.htm La genizah de la synagogue de Dambach-la-Ville] == Plura legere si cupis == *''Annuaire de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Dambach-la-Ville, Barr, Obernai'', 1967- * ''Dambach-la-Ville : cité médiévale'', Argentorati, Carré blanc, 2008 *Claire Decomps, "La mise au jour et l’étude de la genizah de Dambach-la-Ville" in ''Archéologie du judaïsme en Europe'', CNRS, 2023: 103-120 [https://shs.cairn.info/archeologie-du-judaisme-en-europe--9782271148230-page-103?lang=fr] *Michael Herbig, ''Bernstein und Dambach : Beschreibung und Geschichte'', Argentorati, 1907 *Suzanne Meyer, ''Dambach-la-ville (Bas-Rhin) : livre des familles 1596-1910'', Argentorati, Cercle Généalogique d'Alsace, 2012. Tria volumina. [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni inferioris]] ekcqxvmiicqbke95h83eiasicjp0337 3962621 3962620 2026-05-30T12:51:59Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Historia */ 3962621 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Dambach_H%C3%B4telVille_02.JPG |thumb|250 px|Dambach-la-Ville: [[curia municipalis]] ]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 67084.png|250 px|left|thumb|Dambach-la-Ville: communis tabula]] [[Fasciculus:Dambach-la-Ville_plain_Alsace.JPG|thumb|250 px|Dambach-la-Ville: despectus in vicum]] '''Tambacum'''<ref>[https://www.dambach-la-ville.fr/presentation/histoire Fons nominis Latini]. In regestis parochialibus '''Dambachium''' quoque legitur, scilicet Germanici nominis latinizatio.</ref> (Francice ''Dambach-la-Ville'', [[Germanice]] ''Dambach'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 2'186 incolarum (anno [[2022]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Rhenus Inferior|Rheni Inferioris]] et ab anno 2021 [[Communitas Europaea Alsatiae|Communitatis Europaeae Alsatiae]] in regione orientali olim [[Alsatia]] et a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2016]] [[Alsatia Campania Arduenna et Lotharingia]] et nunc ex plebiscito ''Grand Est'' vocata. == De geographia == Hoc commune sub [[Vosegus|Vosego]] monte ad 'Viam Vinorum' dictam situm est, in [[Circumdarium|circumdario]] ''Sélestat-Erstein'' et in [[canto|cantone]] [[Barr (Rhenus Inferior)|Barrensi]]. 50 [[Chiliometrum|chiliometra]] ab [[Argentoratum|Argentorato]] a meridie distat, decem [[Chiliometrum|chiliometra]] a [[Selestadium|Selestadio]] a septentrione et occidente, 31 chiliometra a [[Colmaria]] (a septentrione et occidente). [[Statio ferriviaria|Statione ferriviaria]] iam ab anno 1877 gaudet in linea quae Selestadio ad [[Tres Tabernae (Francia)|Tres Tabernas]] ducit. == De oeconomia == [[Fasciculus:Danbach, Matthäus Merian, 1644.jpg|thumb|Tambacum a [[Matthaeus Merianus Iunior|Matthaeo Meriano]] depictum et in ''Topographia Alsatiae'' publicatum (1663).]] Iam a medio aevo atque fortasse etiam a Romana aetate Tambacenses vitis culturae et vini fabricationi sese dederunt atque ex eo opere lucrum duxerunt. Nam unum e maximis vinetis Alsatiae possidet et vicus ex omni parte vinea circumdatus est. [[Industrializatio]] quae nono decimo saeculo in cetera Alsatia maxime viguit Tambacum non tetigit. Quapropter ''[[Daktulosphaira vitifoliae]]'' exeunte saeculo vineta vastans magnam calamitatem incolis attulit. Tandem anno [[1924]] Salomon Lipovsky fabricam [[udo|udonum]] sub signo ''Labonal'' creavit quae usque ad mille [[Operarius|operarios]] adhibuit. Haec fabrica post varias vicissitudines hodieque udones Tambaci producit<ref>[https://www.lesechos.fr/pme-regions/grand-est/theim-met-ses-motifs-alsaciens-sur-les-chaussettes-labonal-1775718 Les Echos 9 Iulii 2022]</ref>. Vinum tamen praecipuus divitiarum fons communi denuo habetur (''grand cru''<ref>Haec verba Francica "optimum vinetum" valent atque appellatio publice protecta est.</ref> ''Frankstein'') atque [[turismus]] quoque paulatim crescit ob veteres domos et portas moenium medioaevalium servatas (necnon ad vinum gustandum = oenoturismus). == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Dambach plMarché d.JPG|thumb|Ursus supra fontanam ''Stockbrunnen'' erectus.]] Aetate Galloromana in finibus communis fuit magna fabrica [[tegula|tegularum]] atque fortasse etiam [[villa]] quod nomen ipsum cum suffixo -acum indicare videtur. Undecimo saeculo regio in [[episcopus|episcopi]] Argentoratensis potestatem venit qui dominus ibi esse usque ad magnas [[Res novae Francicae|Res Novas]] perstitit. Tertio decimo saeculo duos vicos circumstantes deseri iussit et omnes incolas Tambacum colligi quod validis moenibus circumdedit. Hoc oppido velut propugnaculo adversus inimicos suos, comites de [[Eguisheim|Egisheim]]-Dabo, uti volebat qui castellum summo monte Tambaco supereminente aedificarant: hodieque ruinae [[castellum|castelli]] de Bernstein procul conspicuae sunt. Bernstein Germanice tamquam "saxum ursi" interpretari licet (Bär + Stein) et fortasse origo fuit ursorum et in [[Insigne|insigni]] urbis et in [[fontana]] praesentium. Anno 1444 Tambacum a mercennariis obsidetur quibus praeerat futurus [[Ludovicus XI]] qui dono ab episcopo accepto urbi postremo pepercit. Anno 1493 incolae seditionibus agricolarum sese coniungunt quae Germanice apellatae sunt ''Bundschuh'' e [[Caliga|caligis]] [[Corrigia (discretiva)|corrigiatis]] quas tum gerebant rusticani. Anno [[1525]] rustici iterum contra dominos et episcopum [[Bellum rusticum Germanicum|arma capiunt]] sed ad vicum proximum [[Scherwiller]] ab exercitu [[Ducatus Lotharingiae|ducali e Lotharingia]] veniente die 20 Maii victi sunt: quinque milia eorum trucidantur quorum ossa sunt qui putent in [[Ossuarium|ossuario]] capellae Sancti Sebastiani Tambaci collecta esse. Maxima damna tamen [[Bellum triginta annorum|Bello triginta annorum]] passi sunt cum ab anno 1632 [[Suecia|Suecicae]] et Francogallicae copiae oppidum occuparunt. Multa vectigalia exigunt sed incolarum vitis aliquatenus parcunt. Anno 1642 impetus Lotharingiae ducis repellitur. Circa eadem tempora [[striga|strigarum]] iudicia habita sunt. In censu anni 1664 Tambacum 1305 incolas habebat. Saeculo exeunte Tambacum in administrationis Francogallicae iurisdictionem venit quae episcopo Argentinensi succedit. Communitas [[Iudaei|Iudaea]] ibi consedit quae [[Synagoga|synagogam]] aedificavit. ==Notae== <references /> [[Fasciculus:EU FR 67 Dambach la Ville Arms.svg|thumb|Communis insigne cum urso.]] {{NexInt}} [[Index communium praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Dambach-la-Ville|Dambach-la-Ville}} * [http://www.dambach-la-ville.fr/ Tambaci pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|67084|de=Dambach-la-Ville}} * [http://cassini.ehess.fr/cassini/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=11492 De hoc communi apud Cassini] *[https://www.dambach-la-ville-decouverte.com/ Videogramma ad Tambaci [[Periegesis|periegesim]] invitans] * [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b10112777m Insigne Tambaci nono decimo saec. pictum] apud Gallica. *[http://www.judaisme-alsalor.fr/synagog/basrhin/a-f/dambach.htm La genizah de la synagogue de Dambach-la-Ville] == Plura legere si cupis == *''Annuaire de la Société d'histoire et d'archéologie de Dambach-la-Ville, Barr, Obernai'', 1967- * ''Dambach-la-Ville : cité médiévale'', Argentorati, Carré blanc, 2008 *Claire Decomps, "La mise au jour et l’étude de la genizah de Dambach-la-Ville" in ''Archéologie du judaïsme en Europe'', CNRS, 2023: 103-120 [https://shs.cairn.info/archeologie-du-judaisme-en-europe--9782271148230-page-103?lang=fr] *Michael Herbig, ''Bernstein und Dambach : Beschreibung und Geschichte'', Argentorati, 1907 *Suzanne Meyer, ''Dambach-la-ville (Bas-Rhin) : livre des familles 1596-1910'', Argentorati, Cercle Généalogique d'Alsace, 2012. Tria volumina. [[Categoria:Communia Praefecturae Rheni Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Rheni inferioris]] 6eevbk8nbxcfuwgl2pfymxyo5ozjy5q 0 125167 3962651 1728685 2026-05-30T14:48:00Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: -[[Categoria:Iudaea]]; +[[Categoria:Bella Iudaeo-Romana]] 3962651 wikitext text/x-wiki Senatus '''[[Vespasianus|Vespasiano]] triumphum''' de Iudaeis decrevit.<ref>Suetonius, ''De vita Caesarum'' "Divus Vespasianus" 8</ref> [[Plinius maior|Plinius]] de arbore [[balsamum|balsamo]] ait: "ostendere arborum hanc urbi Imperatores Vespasiani [i.e. Vespasianus et [[Titus (imperator)|Titus]]], clarumque dictu, a Pompeio Magno in triumpho arbores quoque duximus. Servit nunc haec ac tributa pendit cum sua gente, in totum alia natura quam nostri externique prodiderant."<ref>{{Pnh}} 12.112-113</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Bibliographia == * [[Franciscus Modius]], ''[[Pandectae triumphales]]'' (Francofurti ad Moenum, 1586) 1.1.16 {{Google Books|wo1FAAAAcAAJ|ff. 12-13}} {{Hist-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:Vespasianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Iudaeo-Romana]] p38rfgivna6n1ra9yi16gswoiacgfd4 3962652 3962651 2026-05-30T14:48:57Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:71]] 3962652 wikitext text/x-wiki Senatus '''[[Vespasianus|Vespasiano]] triumphum''' de Iudaeis decrevit.<ref>Suetonius, ''De vita Caesarum'' "Divus Vespasianus" 8</ref> [[Plinius maior|Plinius]] de arbore [[balsamum|balsamo]] ait: "ostendere arborum hanc urbi Imperatores Vespasiani [i.e. Vespasianus et [[Titus (imperator)|Titus]]], clarumque dictu, a Pompeio Magno in triumpho arbores quoque duximus. Servit nunc haec ac tributa pendit cum sua gente, in totum alia natura quam nostri externique prodiderant."<ref>{{Pnh}} 12.112-113</ref> == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> == Bibliographia == * [[Franciscus Modius]], ''[[Pandectae triumphales]]'' (Francofurti ad Moenum, 1586) 1.1.16 {{Google Books|wo1FAAAAcAAJ|ff. 12-13}} {{Hist-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:Vespasianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Iudaeo-Romana]] [[Categoria:71]] i9r4xnnymxc442p3o5rd45ijnpc0t4g 3962657 3962652 2026-05-30T14:55:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962657 wikitext text/x-wiki Senatus '''[[Vespasianus|Vespasiano]] triumphum''' de Iudaeis decrevit.<ref>Suetonius, ''De vita Caesarum'' "Divus Vespasianus" 8</ref> [[Plinius maior|Plinius]] de arbore [[balsamum|balsamo]] ait: "ostendere arborum hanc urbi Imperatores Vespasiani [i.e. Vespasianus et [[Titus (imperator)|Titus]]], clarumque dictu, a Pompeio Magno in triumpho arbores quoque duximus. Servit nunc haec ac tributa pendit cum sua gente, in totum alia natura quam nostri externique prodiderant."<ref>{{Pnh}} 12.112-113</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Christopher A. Frilingos, "More than Meets the Eye: Incongruity and Observation in Josephus’s Account of the Triumph of Vespasian and Titus" in ''History of Religions'' vol. 57 (2017) * [[Franciscus Modius]], ''[[Pandectae triumphales]]'' (Francofurti ad Moenum, 1586) 1.1.16 {{Google Books|wo1FAAAAcAAJ|ff. 12-13}} {{Hist-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:Vespasianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Iudaeo-Romana]] [[Categoria:71]] bq90rhgapfi4y8zl7275o6p73ef48zd 3962658 3962657 2026-05-30T14:55:24Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Titus]] 3962658 wikitext text/x-wiki Senatus '''[[Vespasianus|Vespasiano]] triumphum''' de Iudaeis decrevit.<ref>Suetonius, ''De vita Caesarum'' "Divus Vespasianus" 8</ref> [[Plinius maior|Plinius]] de arbore [[balsamum|balsamo]] ait: "ostendere arborum hanc urbi Imperatores Vespasiani [i.e. Vespasianus et [[Titus (imperator)|Titus]]], clarumque dictu, a Pompeio Magno in triumpho arbores quoque duximus. Servit nunc haec ac tributa pendit cum sua gente, in totum alia natura quam nostri externique prodiderant."<ref>{{Pnh}} 12.112-113</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Christopher A. Frilingos, "More than Meets the Eye: Incongruity and Observation in Josephus’s Account of the Triumph of Vespasian and Titus" in ''History of Religions'' vol. 57 (2017) * [[Franciscus Modius]], ''[[Pandectae triumphales]]'' (Francofurti ad Moenum, 1586) 1.1.16 {{Google Books|wo1FAAAAcAAJ|ff. 12-13}} {{Hist-stipula}} {{Nexus absunt}} [[Categoria:Triumphi]] [[Categoria:Vespasianus]] [[Categoria:Bella Iudaeo-Romana]] [[Categoria:71]] [[Categoria:Titus]] rkxurbggvmeqh3rfv4sxaaa8830h257 0 138782 3962675 3267448 2026-05-30T16:50:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962675 wikitext text/x-wiki {| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;" <caption>Domenianus</caption> ! [[Insigne]] ! [[Vexillum]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" align="center" | style="width: 145px;" | [[Fasciculus:Domagnano.JPG|110px|Domeniani Insigne]] | style="width: 145px;" | [[Fasciculus:Castello di Domagnano.jpg|150px|Domeniani Vexillum]] |---- ! colspan="2" | ''Despectus in Domenianum'' |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |colspan="2" |[[Fasciculus:DomagnanoChiesaSanMicheleArcangelo.JPG|300 px|Despectus in Domenianum]] |- |---- ! colspan="2" | Nomina |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomina [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] || Domenianus |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomen [[Lingua Italica]] || Domagnano |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomina sermonibus alteribus || Munt Dmagnên ([[Lingua Romaniola|Romaniolice]]) |---- ! colspan="2" | Indicia fundamentalia |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Terra]] || [[Fasciculus:Flag of San Marino.svg|20px|Vexillum rei publicae Sancti Marini]] [[Res publica Sancti Marini]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Castella Sancti Marini|Castellum]] || Domenianus |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Coordinata geographica]] || 43°56′52″N 12°28′08″E |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Altitudo]] || 357,00 [[Super libram maris|s.l.m.]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Area (geometria)|Area finis municipalis]] || 6,62 [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Numerus incolarum]] urbis et municipii || 3.265 ''<small>([[2014]])</small>'' |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Spissitudo incolarum]] municipii || 493,20 ''<small>([[2009]])</small>'' |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Numerus cursualis]] || RSM-47895 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Praefixum telephonicum]] || e Italia et Civitate Vaticana: 0549 / e civitatibus alteribus: +378 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[ISO 3166-2]] || SM-03 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Nota autocineti]] || RSM |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Pagina interretialis]] || [https://web.archive.org/web/20110412054133/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/castelli/domagnano.html] |---- ! colspan="2" | Res politicae |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Status || Castellum, Rei publicae Sancti Marini |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Magister civium superior]] || |- |---- ! colspan="2" | Res aliae |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Patronus]] || [[Archangelus|Sanctus Michael]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Sollemnitas|Dies sollemnis]] || [[29 Septembris]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | Incolarum nomen || ''Domenianenses'' |- |---- |colspan="2" |[[Fasciculus:San Marino Domagnano.png|300 px|Collocatio Domeniani Castelli in Re publica Sancti Marini]] |} '''Domenianus''' {{victio|Domenianus|i|m}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Domagnano|Domagnano]]'') est [[Castella Sancti Marini|Castellum]] [[Res publica Sancti Marini|Rei publicae Sancti Marini]], circiter 3&thinsp;300 incolarum (Anno 2014). Incolae ''Domenianenses'' appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Welterbe.svg|Situs humanitatis patrimonium a [[UNESCO]] tributum </gallery> == Geographia == == Oeconomia == == Historia == == Clari cives == == Urbis administratio == == Aedificia egregia == == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == == Curatiae == * Cà Giannino, * Fiorina, * Piandivello, * Spaccio Giannoni, * Torraccia. == Castella vel municipia italica finitima == * [[Burgus Maior (Res publica Sancti Marini)|Burgus Maior]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:Borgo Maggiore|Borgo Maggiore]]), * [[Corlianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Coriano|Coriano]]'') ([[Ariminum (provincia)|IT-RN]]), * [[Fagetanum (Res publica Sancti Marini)|Fagetanum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:Faetano|Faetano]]), * [[Olnanum]], deinde [[Serra Vallis (Res publica Sancti Marini)|Serra Vallis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:Serravalle (San Marino)|Serravalle]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Res publica Sancti Marini]], * [[Civitas Sancti Marini]], * [[Castella Sancti Marini]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110412054133/http://www.sanmarinosite.com/castelli/domagnano.html Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Domagnano|Domenianum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Domagnano in San Marino (+pop areas).svg|Collocatio finium Castelli Domeniani in finibus Rei publicae Sancti Marini. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Castella Sancti Marini]] awsxzeu0yms47emf4p19h3isnlx7bg7 0 138796 3962711 3715652 2026-05-30T20:05:42Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962711 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Ecclesia Nova (discretiva)}} {| cellpadding="2" style="float: right; width: 307px; background: #e3e3e3; margin-left: 1em; border-spacing: 1px;" <caption>Ecclesia Nova</caption> ! [[Insigne]] ! [[Vexillum]] |- style="background: #ffffff;" align="center" | style="width: 145px;" | [[Fasciculus:Chiesanuova.JPG|110px|Ecclesiae Novae Insigne]] | style="width: 145px;" | [[Fasciculus:Castello di Chiesanuova.jpg|150px|Ecclesiae Novae Vexillum]] |---- ! colspan="2" | ''Despectus in Ecclesiam Novam'' |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" |colspan="2" |[[Fasciculus:Chiesanuova 100112.jpg|300 px|Despectus in Ecclesiam Novam]] |- |---- ! colspan="2" | Nomina |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomina [[Lingua Latina|Latina]] || Ecclesia Nova |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomen [[Lingua Italica]] || Chiesanuova |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Nomina sermonibus alteribus || Cisanòva ([[Lingua Romaniola|Romaniolice]]) |---- ! colspan="2" | Indicia fundamentalia |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Terra]] || [[Fasciculus:Flag of San Marino.svg|20px|Vexillum rei publicae Sancti Marini]] [[Res publica Sancti Marini]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Castella Sancti Marini|Castellum]] || Ecclesia Nova |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Coordinata geographica]] || 43°54′16.33″N 12°25′13.87″E |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Altitudo]] || 450,00 [[Super libram maris|s.l.m.]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Area (geometria)|Area finis municipalis]] || 5,46 [[chiliometrum quadratum|km²]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Numerus incolarum]] urbis et municipii || 1.090 ''<small>([[2014]])</small>'' |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Spissitudo incolarum]] municipii || 199,63 ''<small>([[2014]])</small>'' |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Numerus cursualis]] || RSM-47894 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Praefixum telephonicum]] || e Italia et Civitate Vaticana: 0549 / e civitatibus alteribus: +378 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[ISO 3166-2]] || SM-02 |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Nota autocineti]] || RSM |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Pagina interretialis]] || [https://web.archive.org/web/20140204033013/http://www.perchiesanuova.sm/] |---- ! colspan="2" | Res politicae |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | Status || Castellum, Rei publicae Sancti Marini |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Magister civium superior]] || |- |---- ! colspan="2" | Res aliae |- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" | [[Patronus]] || [[Ioannes Baptista|Sanctus Ioannes Baptista]] |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | [[Sollemnitas|Dies sollemnis]] || Dominica secunda Iunii |---- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" valign="top" | Incolarum nomen || ''Ecclesianovenses'' |- |---- |colspan="2" |[[Fasciculus:San Marino Chiesanuova.png|300 px|Collocatio Ecclesiae Novae Castelli in Re publica Sancti Marini]] |} '''Ecclesia Nova''' ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Chiesanuova (San Marino)|Chiesanuova]]'') est [[Castella Sancti Marini|Castellum]] [[Res publica Sancti Marini|Rei publicae Sancti Marini]], circiter 1&thinsp;100 incolarum (Anno 2014). Incolae ''Ecclesianovenses'' appellantur. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Welterbe.svg|Situs humanitatis patrimonium a [[UNESCO]] tributum </gallery> == Geographia == == Oeconomia == == Historia == == Clari cives == == Urbis administratio == == Aedificia egregia == == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == == Curatiae == * ''Caladino'' * ''Confine'' * ''Galavotto'' * ''Molarini'' * ''Poggio Casalino'' * ''Poggio Chiesanuova'' * ''Teglio'' == Castella vel municipia italica finitima == * [[Civitas Sancti Marini]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:Città di San Marino|Città di San Marino]]), * [[Florentinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:Fiorentino (San Marino)|Fiorentino]]), * [[Saxum Feretranum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sassofeltrio|Sassofeltrio]]'') ([[Provincia Pisaurensis et Urbinas|IT-PU]]), * [[Veruculum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Verucchio|Verucchio]]'') *** [[Plebs Corena]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pieve Corena|Pieve Corena]]'') ([[Ariminum (provincia)|IT-RN]]), * [[Civitas Sancti Leonis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: [[:it:San Leo (Italia)|San Leo]]) ([[Ariminum (provincia)|IT-RN]]). {{NexInt}} * [[Res publica Sancti Marini]], * [[Civitas Sancti Marini]], * [[Castella Sancti Marini]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.sanmarinosite.com/castelli/chiesanuova.html Situs Publicus]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Chiesanuova|Ecclesiam Novam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Chiesanuova in San Marino (+pop areas).svg|Collocatio Castelli Ecclesiae Novae in finibus Rei publicae Sancti Marini. Imago:ChiesanuovaChiesa.JPG|Ecclesia Sancti Ioannis Baptistae </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Castella Sancti Marini]] ff8cjwxh5n8ao33sfs9qpg5y4bz0utt 0 139679 3962616 3962478 2026-05-30T12:41:45Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Biographia */ 3962616 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Archibaldus Iosephus''' vel saepissime '''A. J. Cronin''' ([[Anglice]] ''Archibald Joseph Cronin'', natus die [[19 Iulii]] [[1896]] in oppido [[Cardross]] [[Dumbartonensis]]; mortuus die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1981]] in urbe [[Montreux]] [[Helvetia]]e) fuit [[medicus]] ac [[scriptor]] origine [[Scotia|Scoticus]] qui postea in [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et in Helvetia habitabat. == Biographia == In Scotia natus e patre [[Catholicismus|catholico]] cuius parentes ex [[Hibernia]] [[Immigratio|immigraverant]] et matre [[Presbyterianismus|presbyteriana]], septem tantum annos natus orbus a patre relictus est, [[Phthisis|phthisi]] mortuo. Tum cum matre apud avos maternos consedit. Egregius discipulus erat et anno [[1914]] [[stipendium scholasticum]] [[Andreas Carnegie|Carnegie]] sibi meruit ad medicinam in [[universitas|universitate]] [[Glasgua|Glasguensi]] discendam<ref>Quod idem fecerunt Duncan Stirling in ''[[The Valorous Years]]'' et minus feliciter Robertus Shannon in ''[[The Green Years]]''.</ref>. [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] [[Chirurgia|chirurgiam]] in [[Classis (nautica)|classe]] exercuit. Post bellum medicus in regione paupere [[Cambria|Cambriae]] fuit ubi multi [[Operarius|operarii]] et [[Fodinarius|fodinarii]] erant. Studere non desiit et anno [[1924]] [[Thesis doctoralis|thesim]] de [[aneurysma|aneurysmatibus]] absolvit. Eodem anno inspector sanitarius fodinarum nominatus est. Postea [[Londinium]] movit atque ibi propriae clientelae operam dedit. Anno 1930 ob [[Duodenum|duodeni]] [[ulcus]] ad requiem coactus primam mythistoriam ''Hatter’s Castle'' scripsit cuius eventa Dumbartonii in Scotia collocavit ubi adulescens fuerat. Ac deinde medicinam omnino deseruit (nisi quod in eius myhistoriis multi medici sunt) et scriptor cum multo successu reliquam vitam degit. Eius mythistoriae in plurimas linguas translatae sunt et versiones [[Cinematographia|cinematographicae]] aut [[Series televisifica|televisificae]] ex eis factae sunt. Notissimae sunt ''The Citadel'' de medicina in [[Regnum Unitum|Regno Unito]] quae ad reformationem sanitarii systematis contulisse dicitur et ''[[The Keys of the Kingdom]]'' de [[Tolerantia|religiosa tolerantia]]. Anno [[1939]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas]] cum uxore et liberis profectus anno [[1945]] in Europam rediit et usque ad mortem in [[Helvetia]] consedit. Multa [[Thema (litterae)|themata]] in eius operibus cum biographia conexa sunt: multi medici inveniuntur, multi orphani, matrimonia aut amores inter personas religionis diversae, difficultates et miseria [[classis socialis]] pauperis describuntur quas in Cambria cognoverat, Scotiae loca... Ita elementa [[Autobiographia|autobiographica]] in mythistoriarum fictis conspersa sunt. Imprimis ''[[The Green Years|The green years]]'' pueritiam et adulescentiam auctoris evocant. == Opera nonnulla == * Hatter’s Castle (1931) * The Stars Look Down (1935) * The Citadel (1937) *''[[The Valorous Years]]'' (1940) * [[The Keys of the Kingdom]] (1941) * ''[[The Green Years]]'' (1944) * [[Shannon's way]] (1948) * The Judas Tree (1961) * A Song of Sixpence (1964) == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|A. J. Cronin|Archibaldum Iosephum Cronin}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1896|1981|Cronin, Archibaldus Iosephus}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Catholici]] [[Categoria:Medici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Helvetiae]] qq2wp2u7ure9qh667rhxgzt158kv282 3962618 3962616 2026-05-30T12:45:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Opera nonnulla */ 3962618 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Archibaldus Iosephus''' vel saepissime '''A. J. Cronin''' ([[Anglice]] ''Archibald Joseph Cronin'', natus die [[19 Iulii]] [[1896]] in oppido [[Cardross]] [[Dumbartonensis]]; mortuus die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1981]] in urbe [[Montreux]] [[Helvetia]]e) fuit [[medicus]] ac [[scriptor]] origine [[Scotia|Scoticus]] qui postea in [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et in Helvetia habitabat. == Biographia == In Scotia natus e patre [[Catholicismus|catholico]] cuius parentes ex [[Hibernia]] [[Immigratio|immigraverant]] et matre [[Presbyterianismus|presbyteriana]], septem tantum annos natus orbus a patre relictus est, [[Phthisis|phthisi]] mortuo. Tum cum matre apud avos maternos consedit. Egregius discipulus erat et anno [[1914]] [[stipendium scholasticum]] [[Andreas Carnegie|Carnegie]] sibi meruit ad medicinam in [[universitas|universitate]] [[Glasgua|Glasguensi]] discendam<ref>Quod idem fecerunt Duncan Stirling in ''[[The Valorous Years]]'' et minus feliciter Robertus Shannon in ''[[The Green Years]]''.</ref>. [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] [[Chirurgia|chirurgiam]] in [[Classis (nautica)|classe]] exercuit. Post bellum medicus in regione paupere [[Cambria|Cambriae]] fuit ubi multi [[Operarius|operarii]] et [[Fodinarius|fodinarii]] erant. Studere non desiit et anno [[1924]] [[Thesis doctoralis|thesim]] de [[aneurysma|aneurysmatibus]] absolvit. Eodem anno inspector sanitarius fodinarum nominatus est. Postea [[Londinium]] movit atque ibi propriae clientelae operam dedit. Anno 1930 ob [[Duodenum|duodeni]] [[ulcus]] ad requiem coactus primam mythistoriam ''Hatter’s Castle'' scripsit cuius eventa Dumbartonii in Scotia collocavit ubi adulescens fuerat. Ac deinde medicinam omnino deseruit (nisi quod in eius myhistoriis multi medici sunt) et scriptor cum multo successu reliquam vitam degit. Eius mythistoriae in plurimas linguas translatae sunt et versiones [[Cinematographia|cinematographicae]] aut [[Series televisifica|televisificae]] ex eis factae sunt. Notissimae sunt ''The Citadel'' de medicina in [[Regnum Unitum|Regno Unito]] quae ad reformationem sanitarii systematis contulisse dicitur et ''[[The Keys of the Kingdom]]'' de [[Tolerantia|religiosa tolerantia]]. Anno [[1939]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas]] cum uxore et liberis profectus anno [[1945]] in Europam rediit et usque ad mortem in [[Helvetia]] consedit. Multa [[Thema (litterae)|themata]] in eius operibus cum biographia conexa sunt: multi medici inveniuntur, multi orphani, matrimonia aut amores inter personas religionis diversae, difficultates et miseria [[classis socialis]] pauperis describuntur quas in Cambria cognoverat, Scotiae loca... Ita elementa [[Autobiographia|autobiographica]] in mythistoriarum fictis conspersa sunt. Imprimis ''[[The Green Years|The green years]]'' pueritiam et adulescentiam auctoris evocant. == Opera nonnulla == * Hatter’s Castle (1931) * The Stars Look Down (1935) * The Citadel (1937) *''[[The Valorous Years]]'' (1940) * [[The Keys of the Kingdom]] (1941) * ''[[The Green Years]]'' (1944) * [[Shannon's way]] (1948) * The Judas Tree (1961) * A Song of Sixpence (1964) == Notae == {{reflist}} == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|A. J. Cronin|Archibaldum Iosephum Cronin}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1896|1981|Cronin, Archibaldus Iosephus}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Catholici]] [[Categoria:Medici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Helvetiae]] 9ido65rjt6qj90qxv8fc8paoiu8ucei 3962619 3962618 2026-05-30T12:46:34Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3962619 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Archibaldus Iosephus''' vel saepissime '''A. J. Cronin''' ([[Anglice]] ''Archibald Joseph Cronin'', natus die [[19 Iulii]] [[1896]] in oppido [[Cardross]] [[Dumbartonensis]]; mortuus die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1981]] in urbe [[Montreux]] [[Helvetia]]e) fuit [[medicus]] ac [[scriptor]] origine [[Scotia|Scoticus]] qui postea in [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et in Helvetia habitabat. == Biographia == In Scotia natus e patre [[Catholicismus|catholico]] cuius parentes ex [[Hibernia]] [[Immigratio|immigraverant]] et matre [[Presbyterianismus|presbyteriana]], septem tantum annos natus orbus a patre relictus est, [[Phthisis|phthisi]] mortuo. Tum cum matre apud avos maternos consedit. Egregius discipulus erat et anno [[1914]] [[stipendium scholasticum]] [[Andreas Carnegie|Carnegie]] sibi meruit ad medicinam in [[universitas|universitate]] [[Glasgua|Glasguensi]] discendam<ref>Quod idem fecerunt Duncan Stirling in ''[[The Valorous Years]]'' et minus feliciter Robertus Shannon in ''[[The Green Years]]''.</ref>. [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] [[Chirurgia|chirurgiam]] in [[Classis (nautica)|classe]] exercuit. Post bellum medicus in regione paupere [[Cambria|Cambriae]] fuit ubi multi [[Operarius|operarii]] et [[Fodinarius|fodinarii]] erant. Studere non desiit et anno [[1924]] [[Thesis doctoralis|thesim]] de [[aneurysma|aneurysmatibus]] absolvit. Eodem anno inspector sanitarius fodinarum nominatus est. Postea [[Londinium]] movit atque ibi propriae clientelae operam dedit. Anno 1930 ob [[Duodenum|duodeni]] [[ulcus]] ad requiem coactus primam mythistoriam ''Hatter’s Castle'' scripsit cuius eventa Dumbartonii in Scotia collocavit ubi adulescens fuerat. Ac deinde medicinam omnino deseruit (nisi quod in eius myhistoriis multi medici sunt) et scriptor cum multo successu reliquam vitam degit. Eius mythistoriae in plurimas linguas translatae sunt et versiones [[Cinematographia|cinematographicae]] aut [[Series televisifica|televisificae]] ex eis factae sunt. Notissimae sunt ''The Citadel'' de medicina in [[Regnum Unitum|Regno Unito]] quae ad reformationem sanitarii systematis contulisse dicitur et ''[[The Keys of the Kingdom]]'' de [[Tolerantia|religiosa tolerantia]]. Anno [[1939]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas]] cum uxore et liberis profectus anno [[1945]] in Europam rediit et usque ad mortem in [[Helvetia]] consedit. Multa [[Thema (litterae)|themata]] in eius operibus cum biographia conexa sunt: multi medici inveniuntur, multi orphani, matrimonia aut amores inter personas religionis diversae, difficultates et miseria [[classis socialis]] pauperis describuntur quas in Cambria cognoverat, Scotiae loca... Ita elementa [[Autobiographia|autobiographica]] in mythistoriarum fictis conspersa sunt. Imprimis ''[[The Green Years|The green years]]'' pueritiam et adulescentiam auctoris evocant. == Opera nonnulla == * Hatter’s Castle (1931) * The Stars Look Down (1935) * The Citadel (1937) *''[[The Valorous Years]]'' (1940) * [[The Keys of the Kingdom]] (1941) * ''[[The Green Years]]'' (1944) * [[Shannon's way]] (1948) * The Judas Tree (1961) * A Song of Sixpence (1964) == Notae == {{reflist}} == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|A. J. Cronin|Archibaldum Iosephum Cronin}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1896|1981|Cronin, Archibaldus Iosephus}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Catholici]] [[Categoria:Medici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Helvetiae]] kwz7m3ylct57odaedj66qbhyznpoig9 3962673 3962619 2026-05-30T16:05:54Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Opera nonnulla */ 3962673 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Archibaldus Iosephus''' vel saepissime '''A. J. Cronin''' ([[Anglice]] ''Archibald Joseph Cronin'', natus die [[19 Iulii]] [[1896]] in oppido [[Cardross]] [[Dumbartonensis]]; mortuus die [[6 Ianuarii]] [[1981]] in urbe [[Montreux]] [[Helvetia]]e) fuit [[medicus]] ac [[scriptor]] origine [[Scotia|Scoticus]] qui postea in [[CFA|Civitatibus Foederatis]] et in Helvetia habitabat. == Biographia == In Scotia natus e patre [[Catholicismus|catholico]] cuius parentes ex [[Hibernia]] [[Immigratio|immigraverant]] et matre [[Presbyterianismus|presbyteriana]], septem tantum annos natus orbus a patre relictus est, [[Phthisis|phthisi]] mortuo. Tum cum matre apud avos maternos consedit. Egregius discipulus erat et anno [[1914]] [[stipendium scholasticum]] [[Andreas Carnegie|Carnegie]] sibi meruit ad medicinam in [[universitas|universitate]] [[Glasgua|Glasguensi]] discendam<ref>Quod idem fecerunt Duncan Stirling in ''[[The Valorous Years]]'' et minus feliciter Robertus Shannon in ''[[The Green Years]]''.</ref>. [[Primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] [[Chirurgia|chirurgiam]] in [[Classis (nautica)|classe]] exercuit. Post bellum medicus in regione paupere [[Cambria|Cambriae]] fuit ubi multi [[Operarius|operarii]] et [[Fodinarius|fodinarii]] erant. Studere non desiit et anno [[1924]] [[Thesis doctoralis|thesim]] de [[aneurysma|aneurysmatibus]] absolvit. Eodem anno inspector sanitarius fodinarum nominatus est. Postea [[Londinium]] movit atque ibi propriae clientelae operam dedit. Anno 1930 ob [[Duodenum|duodeni]] [[ulcus]] ad requiem coactus primam mythistoriam ''Hatter’s Castle'' scripsit cuius eventa Dumbartonii in Scotia collocavit ubi adulescens fuerat. Ac deinde medicinam omnino deseruit (nisi quod in eius myhistoriis multi medici sunt) et scriptor cum multo successu reliquam vitam degit. Eius mythistoriae in plurimas linguas translatae sunt et versiones [[Cinematographia|cinematographicae]] aut [[Series televisifica|televisificae]] ex eis factae sunt. Notissimae sunt ''The Citadel'' de medicina in [[Regnum Unitum|Regno Unito]] quae ad reformationem sanitarii systematis contulisse dicitur et ''[[The Keys of the Kingdom]]'' de [[Tolerantia|religiosa tolerantia]]. Anno [[1939]] in [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitates Foederatas]] cum uxore et liberis profectus anno [[1945]] in Europam rediit et usque ad mortem in [[Helvetia]] consedit. Multa [[Thema (litterae)|themata]] in eius operibus cum biographia conexa sunt: multi medici inveniuntur, multi orphani, matrimonia aut amores inter personas religionis diversae, difficultates et miseria [[classis socialis]] pauperis describuntur quas in Cambria cognoverat, Scotiae loca... Ita elementa [[Autobiographia|autobiographica]] in mythistoriarum fictis conspersa sunt. Imprimis ''[[The Green Years|The green years]]'' pueritiam et adulescentiam auctoris evocant. == Opera nonnulla == * Hatter’s Castle (1931) * The Stars Look Down (1935) * The Citadel (1937) * [[The Valorous Years]] (1940) * [[The Keys of the Kingdom]] (1941) * [[The Green Years]] (1944) * [[Shannon's way]] (1948) * The Judas Tree (1961) * A Song of Sixpence (1964) == Notae == {{reflist}} == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|A. J. Cronin|Archibaldum Iosephum Cronin}} {{Fontes biographici}} {{Lifetime|1896|1981|Cronin, Archibaldus Iosephus}} [[Categoria:Auctores Anglici]] [[Categoria:Catholici]] [[Categoria:Medici Britanniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores mythistoriarum Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Scotiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Incolae Helvetiae]] dgonphbkom5puy06yq94qzr801f3r91 0 166831 3962728 2482780 2026-05-31T02:28:06Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962728 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eubachium''' (nomen [[Lingua_Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ''Eubach'' fortassis significat "rivum taxeum"{{dubsig}}), qui ab CLXXIX hominibus incolatur, est minimus pagus rei publicae [[Mursina|Mursinae]]. Fuit mentio prima Eubachii anno [[1281]] ''(Ubach)''. Nomina Theodisca altera sunt haec: * ''de Ubeche'' (1291) * ''Ubach'' (1425-1787) * ''Ybach'' (1540) * ''Ibach'' (1540) * ''Ybach'' (1585) * ''Eubach'' (hodie) Prope Eubachium fuit olim vicus in Silva Pulchra ''(Schönewaldskirchen)''. == Nexus externus == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090410015724/http://www.eubach.de/ Pagina domestica Eubachii]. [[Categoria:Urbes Hassiae]] [[Categoria:Mursina]] 3ysqwn4bjuonxmxirj43lg4qz3tyips 0 194737 3962632 3962527 2026-05-30T13:56:07Z IacobusAmor 1163 Texus→Textus (bis!) &c. 3962632 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} [[Fasciculus:CWC Participation.svg|thumb|Status ratificationis Pactionis]] '''Pactio de Armis Chemicis''' est [[pactio]] a [[Consociatio Nationum|Consociatione Nationum]] die [[13 Ianuarii]] [[1993]] et [[29 Aprilis]] [[1997]] decreta ad [[arma chemica]] prohibenda. [[Motus internationalis ad interdictionem armorum chemicorum]] hanc pactionem creavit et custodit. Anno 2021, 193 civitates hanc ratam habuerunt, et [[Syria]] hanc ratam habuit die [[14 Septembris]] 2013.<ref>[http://treaties.un.org/doc/Publication/CN/2013/CN.592.2013-Eng.pdf Scriptum ad Pactionem de Armis Chemicis a Syria].</ref> ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Humanitarium belli ius]] *[[Pactio de armis biologicis]] == Nexus externi == *[http://www.opcw.org/chemical-weapons-convention/articles/ Textus pactionis.] (Anglice) *[http://www.opcw.org/fr/ Textus pactionis.] (Francogaliice) [[Categoria:Decreta 1993]] [[Categoria:Decreta 1997]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] mwep2xky6z0wn0qt8vszoh9hh1ppy59 0 200315 3962605 3715046 2026-05-30T12:03:24Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962605 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:John Donne by Isaac Oliver.jpg|thumb|[[Ioannes Donne]]. Effigies post [[Isaacius Oliver|Isaacium Oliver]] anno circiter 1620 pictus ([[Pinacotheca Effigierum Nationalis]] [[Londinium|Londinii]]: NPG 1849)]] '''"Death Be Not Proud"''' est [[poema]] a [[Ioannes Donne|Ioanne Donne]], [[poetae metaphysici|poeta metaphysico]] [[Anglia|Anglico]], compositum, circa [[1610]] scriptum et primum anno [[1633]] prolatum. Poema est [[decem|decima]] [[sonnetum|sonneta]] inter [[Holy Sonnets]] ('Sonnetae sacrae') in [[manuscriptum|manuscripto]] Westmorelandiano conlecta (1620). Haec [[sonnetum|sonneta]] schema [[consonantia exacta|consonantiae exactae]]e<!--?rhyme--> ''abba abba cdd caa'' sequitur. [[Vocabulum|Verbum]] ''die'' in [[dialectos|dialecto]] [[Scotia|Scotico]] dicitur [dii], ut cum ''thee, me,'' et ''eternally'' congruat. ==Prospectus== Ioannes Donne maiorem [[morbus|morbum]] per [[octo|octavum]] sui ministerii [[Ecclesia Anglicana|Anglicani]] [[annus|annum]] passus erat, aegrotationem quae eum paene interfecerat. Morbus fortasse fuit [[febris typhoida]], sed [[medicus|medici]] annos recentiores monstraverunt eum febrem recidentem cum aliis morbis fortasse habuisse. ==Textus== :{| class="wikitable" !width="400"|Verba [[Lingua Anglica|Anglica]]!!width="400"|Verba [[Latine]] reddita |- valign="top" | <poem> :Death be not proud, though some have called thee :Mighty and dreadful, for, thou art not so, :For, those, whom thou think'st, thou dost overthrow, :Die not, poor death, nor yet canst thou kill me. :From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures bee :Much pleasure, then from thee, much more must flow, :And soonest our best men with thee doe goe, :Rest of their bones, and souls deliveries. :Thou art slave to Fate, Chance, kings, and desperate men, :And dost with poison, warren, and sicknesses dwell, :And poppies, or charms can make us sleep as well, :And better then thy stroke; why swell's thou then; :One short sleep past, wee wake eternally, :And death shall be no more; death, thou shalt die. </poem> || <poem> :[[Mors]], superba non esto, etsi nonnulli te appellaverunt :potens et terribilis, nam sic non es, :nam illi quos te deicere putas :non moriuntur, mors miser, nec me necare potes. :Ex quiete et [[somnus|somno]], quae solum tuae effigies sunt, :Multa [[voluptas]], tum ex te multo plus fluendumst, :et simul ac nostri optimates tecum abeunt, :quiescunt eorum [[os (ossis)|ossa]], actionesque [[anima]]rum.<ref>Grammatica et significatio Anglicae sunt obscurae.</ref> :[[Servus]] es [[fatum|fati]], [[fors|fortis]], [[rex|regum]], et [[homo|hominum]] desperatorum, :ac cum [[venenum|veneno]], [[bellum|bello]],<ref>[[Anglice]] ''warren'' ad verbum '[[lepus|leporarium]]' significat, sed sensus rectus fortasse est ''war'' 'bellum'.</ref> [[morbus|aegritudinibusque]] [[habitatio|habitas]], :et [[papaver]]a vel fascina nos [[somnus|somno]] tam bene dare possunt, :et melius quam ictus tuus; cur tum turgescis; :unum [[somnus|somnum]] breve post, expergiscimur in [[aeternitas|aeternum]], :et mors non iam erit; O mortem! morieris. </poem> |} ==Adnotationes== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Buckwalter, Stephanie. [[2014]]. ''Death Poetry: "Death, be not proud."'' Berkeley Heights Novae Caesareae: Enslow Publishers. ISBN 9780766042575. *Coffin, Charles M., ed. [[1952]]. ''Donne’s Poetry: The Complete Poetry and Selected Prose of John Donne.'' Novi Eboraci: The Modern Library. *[[Ioannes Donne|Donne, John]]. [[1975]]. ''Devotions upon Emergent Occasions,'' ed. Anthony Raspa. Monte Regali: McGill-Queen’s University Press. ==Nexus externi== {{Wikisource|Death_be_not_proud|Death be not proud}} *https://web.archive.org/web/20120123085503/http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poem/658.html *https://web.archive.org/web/20131007040306/http://cummingsstudyguides.net/Guides3/DeathBe.html *http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/15836 {{lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Ioannes Donne]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Poemata mortis]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1610]] sgc52b8ml60e1hdbhdhxyl0dh0ieudh 0 207367 3962744 3894306 2026-05-31T06:33:23Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962744 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Fanum Sancti Zenonis (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Chiesa Lumini.JPG|thumb|Fanum Sancti Zenonis Montaneae]] '''Fanum Sancti Zenonis Montaneae'''<ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20120228182529/http://www.italiapedia.it/ www.italiapedia.it]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Fanum Sancti Zenonis de Montanea'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Zeno di Montagna|San Zeno di Montagna]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] et in [[Provincia Veronensis|Provincia Veronensi]] situm. Incolae ''Zenonenses'' vel ''Zenonopolitani'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Venetia (regio)|Venetia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Veronensis]], * [[Verona]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120711093807/http://www.comunesanzenodimontagna.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|San Zeno di Montagna|Fanum Sancti Zenonis Montaneae}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of San Zeno di Montagna (province of Verona, region Veneto, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Veronensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Veronae]] p6fg3lhal7k8krhwraxy6iuyb8bbm43 5 207660 3962755 3888100 2026-05-31T07:46:45Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 /* De imagine mensis Iunii 2026 */ nova pars 3962755 wikitext text/x-wiki We're falling behind on these. What about any of the following? <gallery> Fasciculus:Virgil Reading the Aeneid.jpg|Vergilius Aeneidem legit Fasciculus:Assassinat de Cicéron.jpg|Mors Ciceronis Fasciculus:Suicide lucretia.jpg|Mors Lucretiae </gallery> Or something less classical if people prefer! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 16:48, 3 Februarii 2014 (UTC) : Good choices, I agree with all of them! What about <gallery> 34-caccia tortore,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182..jpg|[[Venatio]] [[Streptopelia turtur|turturum]] 8-alimenti, latte, Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182..jpg|[[Lac]] 9-alimenti, formaggi,Taccuino Sanitatis, Casanatense 4182..jpg|[[Caseus]] </gallery> : or any other illustration from the [[Tacuinum sanitatis]]? (although [[Vomitus]] is probably not a good choice for our pagina prima …) --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 21:25, 3 Februarii 2014 (UTC) : By the way, I have now proposed two new [[Vicipaedia:Sonus mensis]] for February and March – feel free to change them if you dislike them! --[[Usor:UV|UV]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:UV|disputatio]]) 22:03, 3 Februarii 2014 (UTC) ::I've promoted the cheesemakers for February -- here, too, anyone who disagrees, go ahead and change it. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 13:20, 4 Februarii 2014 (UTC) :::Ambo optime fecistis! [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 14:34, 4 Februarii 2014 (UTC) == April 2014 == I live in Boston. I'm tempted to propose this: <gallery> Fasciculus:BostonMarathonFinishLine.jpg|Boston Marathon finish line, 2012 photo </gallery> in hopes of a better race than last year's. Does anyone want to suggest something less provincial or more Latinate? [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 15:48, 31 Martii 2014 (UTC) :I like it. Good picture. [[Usor:Andrew Dalby|Andrew Dalby]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Andrew Dalby|disputatio]]) 18:28, 31 Martii 2014 (UTC) ::Done, then. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:35, 1 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) :::...but I'm not seeing it, even after clearing my browser cache (and trying two other browsers) -- any hints? [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 13:24, 1 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) ::::curiously, half an hour later, I do see it. I suppose there's some cache at the server end. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 15:28, 1 Aprilis 2014 (UTC) == June 2014 == I've made a proposal already; I'll be away over the first of the month. Feel free to change it, of course -- I was just browsing around Commons and this caught my eye. [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 22:32, 24 Maii 2014 (UTC) == August 2014 == [[Fasciculus:Fayum-11.jpg|thumb]] For August (or later if people already have things in mind), how about this Fayum mummy portrait? Our last classical image was in March, and we've never had an actual ancient work of art. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 06:21, 21 Iulii 2014 (UTC) :Sure, why not? As long as it's not the pensive young woman with stylus at her lips -- I'm ''so'' tired of that one! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 20:36, 22 Iulii 2014 (UTC) ::Di meliora! :) [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 01:31, 27 Iulii 2014 (UTC) == September 2014 == [[Fasciculus:Natural Beehive and Honeycombs.jpg|thumb]] I found a nice picture of a beehive, which is somewhat seasonal, and not too classical, to contrast with last month's featured items (and the Parthenon this month). If anyone has anything better, please replace! It would also be good to get some more lined up, so we don't have to look at that German guy at the beginning of every month. [[Usor:Lesgles|Lesgles]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Lesgles|disputatio]]) 16:38, 1 Septembris 2014 (UTC) == November 2014 == Proposed: a medieval fresco -- but anyone with a better suggestion should jump right in. Any ideas for December? [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 12:28, 31 Octobris 2014 (UTC) {{clear}} == Ad mensem Ianuarium 2017 == [[Fasciculus:Young wild boar.jpg|thumb]] Novam seriem imaginem excogitare oportet. Ad Ianuarium mensem, propter tempus anni, quid de hoc porculo censetis? :Bene est! [[Usor:Amahoney|A. Mahoney]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Amahoney|disputatio]]) 15:28, 26 Decembris 2016 (UTC) == catalogus imaginum == Catalogum restitui ut faciliter eas imagines videamus quas iam in pagina prima misimus. == Inscriptio Imaginis mensis Maii 2025 == Ecclesiae catedrali Compostolanae pagina est: [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Compostellae]] Mihi non contigit, ut nexum instituerem. Quis aduivabit? [[Usor:Bis-Taurinus|Bis-Taurinus]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:Bis-Taurinus|disputatio]]) 18:24, 4 Maii 2025 (UTC) == De imagine mensis Iunii 2026 == Greetings. Since June the 2nd will be the 80th anniversary of the birth of the Italian Republic, I propose [[c:File:È_nata_la_repubblica_-_Anna_Iberti.jpg|this image]] as the Image of the Month for June: a girl named Anna Iberti holding a newspaper, with the main title being "The Italian Republic is born", June the 6th 1946. What do you think of this suggestion? [[Specialis:Conlationes/&#126;2026-31764-18|&#126;2026-31764-18]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&#126;2026-31764-18|talk]]) 07:46, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) lzutaesli63c8n9jykjla7sycvr3cq3 0 209926 3962751 3738851 2026-05-31T07:00:34Z LilyKitty 18316 de subsidio sociali 3962751 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Gini Coefficient World CIA Report 2009.png|thumb|[[Conradus Gini|Index gini]] mundi a [[CIA]] anno 2009]] '''Mitigatio paupertatis''' est politica vel agendum ad [[paupertas|paupertatem]] supplimendum atque meliorem [[qualitas vitae|qualitatem vitate]], [[ius educationis]], [[alphabetismus|alphabetismum]] pro omnibus promobendum. Politica mitigationis paupertatis etiam [[ius digitale|ius]] ad [[informationis technologia|technologiam informationis]] utendum contra [[discrimen digitale]] atque [[iura mulierum]] contra [[relativismus culturalis|relativismum culturalem]] includet. Orgaizationes internationales, sicut [[Nationes Unitae]] mitigationem paupertatis officium ad [[iura humana]] putant, specialiter pro [[civitas provectibilis|civitatibus provectibilis]] et [[vulnerabilitas socialis|vulnerabilibus]]. Etiam [[ius inter civitates et gentes]], sicut [[Pactio de iuribus hominum invalidorum]]<ref>[[Pactio de iuribus hominum invalidorum]], articulus, 28, 2(b)</ref> et [[Yogyakartae Principia]]<ref>[[Yogyakartae Principia]], Principium 13, (c)</ref> hanc postulant. Anno [[2019]], tres oeconomiae periti, [[Abhijit Banerjee]] [[Esther Duflo]] et [[Michael Kremer]], [[Praemium Nobelianum oeconomicarum scientiarum]] acceperunt ratione studii mitigationis paupertatis.<ref>[https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/summary ]nobelprize.org</ref> == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Civitas subsidii socialis]] *[[Redistributio divitiarum]] *[[Iustitia socialis]] *[[Finis Millennii Progressus]] *[[Communitas Emmaüs]] *[[Subsidium sociale]] *[[Dies internationalis paupertati abolendae]] *[[Dies internationalis solidaritatis humanae]] [[Categoria:Societates internationales]] [[Categoria:Ius internationale]] [[Categoria:Paupertas]] cqnizw8is44v61nzt9srgia4p8p0yoh 0 210505 3962752 3727718 2026-05-31T07:01:49Z ~2026-32183-52 210247 /* Fontes antiquiores */ 3962752 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Chengdu'''<ref>Verbum adiectivum "Chengduensis" in nominibus biologicis reperitur, e.g.''[[Culicoides chengduensis]]''</ref> seu litteris Sinicis 成都, Latine olim "Chingtum",<ref>Nomen ambiguum. "Chingtum, ''Chingtu, urbs in Suchuensi prov. primaria''" {{Google Books|vHBOAAAAcAAJ|vide p. 268}}. Sed hoc nomen etiam aliae urbi applicatum est</ref> est urbs [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sericae]] et caput provinciae [[Suchuen]]. Est Sericae omnis urbs nona quo ad numerum incolarum pertinet. == Historia == Caput regni [[Shu]] successorque urbibus antiquis adiacentibus [[Sanxingdui]] medii millennii 2 a.C.n. et [[Jinsha (locus archaeologicus)|Jinsha]] millennii 1 a.C.n. ineuntis, Chengdu florere censetur ab ultimis saeculis eius millennii, quo aevo regnum Shu anno [[316 a.C.n.]] a regno Sinensi [[Qin (regnum)|Qin]] conquisitum est. == Commeatus == Ab aliis civitatibus et ab urbibus [[Sinae (regio)|Sericis]] fere omnibus, Chengdu per [[Aëroplanum|aëroplana]] attingitur quae ad [[Aëroportus Chengduensis|aëroportum Shuangliu]] descendunt, a media urbe fere 16 chm meridiei et occidenti versus distantem, anno [[1938]] inceptum, anno [[2001]] magnopere auctum. Ab urbibus nonnullis [[Asia]]ticis, [[Europa]]eis, [[America]]nis capitalibus atque ab aliis urbibus Asiae Orientalis maioribus, Chingtum volatu directo itur. Peregrinatorum fere 56 milia milium anno 2019 per hunc aeroportum itinera fecerunt. Ab aëroportu stationes Chengduenses [[Statio Chengduensis meridiana|meridiana]] [[Statio Chengduensis orientalis|orientalis]]que et [[Statio Chengduensis|principalis]] vel septentrionalis traminibus, stationes orientalis et principalis etiam laophoriis attinguntur. Tramina ferriviaria a variis Sericae regionibus Chingtum petunt viis ferreis novem. Ab hac urbe lineae rapidiores per [[Chungkina]]m, [[Wuhan]], [[Hefei]], [[Nanchinum]] usque ad [[Sciamhaevum]], per [[Guangyuan]] et [[Hanzhong]] usque ad [[Siganum]], per [[Leshan]] et [[Yibin]] usque ad [[Queiyanga]]m, denuo breviore itinere ad [[urbs Dujiangyan|urbem Dujiangyan]] tendunt. Lineae normales a Chengdu ad [[Baoji]], Chungkinam, [[Kunming]], [[Dazhou]], [[Lanzhou]] currunt. Intra urbem atque in pagos suburbanos homines laophoria plura et subterranea [[ferrivia metropolitana]] utuntur, cuius tramina lineis octo currunt, ferriviis ad 342 chm extendentibus, stationibus 260. == Clima == Urbi Chengduensi [[clima]] est [[Clima subtropicum humidum|subtropicum humidum]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]], hippalo Asiae orientalis agente, in quattuor stationes divisum, hieme brevi et mitiori, aestate calida humidaque; [[temperatura]] aëris media mense Ianuario 5.5° atque mensibus Iulio et Augusto 25°, minima inter 3° et 22°, maxima inter 9° et 30°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota −5.9 °, maxima extrema 37.3°; pluviis mense Decembri ad 5 mm tantum, mense Iulio non minus quam 225 mm, anno toto ad 870 elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 144 incidentibus; [[humiditas relativa|humiditate relativa]] inter mensuras 76% et 86% reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Decembri 52 tantum, mense Augusto 155, per annum totum 1&nbsp;073 tantum relatis.<ref>Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis</ref> == Fontes antiquiores == [[Fasciculus:Sheng'an Guihu.jpg|thumb|Hortus [[Sheng'an Guihu]] in urbe Chengdu viridescens]] * [[Yang Xiong]], ''[[zh:s:蜀都赋 (扬雄)|Shu du fu]]'' ([[rhapsodia]]) * [[Zuo Si]], ''[[zh:s:蜀都赋 (左思)|Shu du fu]]'' (rhapsodia) == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * "[https://archive.org/stream/travelershandboo00crow#page/184/mode/2up Chengtu]" in Carl Crow, ''The travelers' handbook for China''. 3a ed. (Novi Eboraci: Dodd, Mead, 1921) pp. 185-187 [https://archive.org/details/travelershandboo00crow Textus] * Lily Kuo, "[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/04/if-we-have-to-leave-we-leave-the-downside-of-life-in-chinas-park-city Inside Chengdu: can China's megacity version of the garden city work?]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (4 Februarii 2019) {{NexInt}} * [[Aeroportus Internationalis Chengduensis]] * [[Universitas Gentium Austro-occidentalium]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Chengdu|Chengdu}} {{Coord|30|39|31|N|104|3|53|E|display=title}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Urbes Sericae maximae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Chengdu|!]] [[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati provinciae Sichuan]] pjoosl6jmjmo06zf285tqnaf9oqjpmw 3962754 3962752 2026-05-31T07:02:32Z ~2026-32183-52 210247 /* Fontes antiquiores */ 3962754 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Chengdu'''<ref>Verbum adiectivum "Chengduensis" in nominibus biologicis reperitur, e.g.''[[Culicoides chengduensis]]''</ref> seu litteris Sinicis 成都, Latine olim "Chingtum",<ref>Nomen ambiguum. "Chingtum, ''Chingtu, urbs in Suchuensi prov. primaria''" {{Google Books|vHBOAAAAcAAJ|vide p. 268}}. Sed hoc nomen etiam aliae urbi applicatum est</ref> est urbs [[Res Publica Popularis Sinarum|Sericae]] et caput provinciae [[Suchuen]]. Est Sericae omnis urbs nona quo ad numerum incolarum pertinet. == Historia == Caput regni [[Shu]] successorque urbibus antiquis adiacentibus [[Sanxingdui]] medii millennii 2 a.C.n. et [[Jinsha (locus archaeologicus)|Jinsha]] millennii 1 a.C.n. ineuntis, Chengdu florere censetur ab ultimis saeculis eius millennii, quo aevo regnum Shu anno [[316 a.C.n.]] a regno Sinensi [[Qin (regnum)|Qin]] conquisitum est. == Commeatus == Ab aliis civitatibus et ab urbibus [[Sinae (regio)|Sericis]] fere omnibus, Chengdu per [[Aëroplanum|aëroplana]] attingitur quae ad [[Aëroportus Chengduensis|aëroportum Shuangliu]] descendunt, a media urbe fere 16 chm meridiei et occidenti versus distantem, anno [[1938]] inceptum, anno [[2001]] magnopere auctum. Ab urbibus nonnullis [[Asia]]ticis, [[Europa]]eis, [[America]]nis capitalibus atque ab aliis urbibus Asiae Orientalis maioribus, Chingtum volatu directo itur. Peregrinatorum fere 56 milia milium anno 2019 per hunc aeroportum itinera fecerunt. Ab aëroportu stationes Chengduenses [[Statio Chengduensis meridiana|meridiana]] [[Statio Chengduensis orientalis|orientalis]]que et [[Statio Chengduensis|principalis]] vel septentrionalis traminibus, stationes orientalis et principalis etiam laophoriis attinguntur. Tramina ferriviaria a variis Sericae regionibus Chingtum petunt viis ferreis novem. Ab hac urbe lineae rapidiores per [[Chungkina]]m, [[Wuhan]], [[Hefei]], [[Nanchinum]] usque ad [[Sciamhaevum]], per [[Guangyuan]] et [[Hanzhong]] usque ad [[Siganum]], per [[Leshan]] et [[Yibin]] usque ad [[Queiyanga]]m, denuo breviore itinere ad [[urbs Dujiangyan|urbem Dujiangyan]] tendunt. Lineae normales a Chengdu ad [[Baoji]], Chungkinam, [[Kunming]], [[Dazhou]], [[Lanzhou]] currunt. Intra urbem atque in pagos suburbanos homines laophoria plura et subterranea [[ferrivia metropolitana]] utuntur, cuius tramina lineis octo currunt, ferriviis ad 342 chm extendentibus, stationibus 260. == Clima == Urbi Chengduensi [[clima]] est [[Clima subtropicum humidum|subtropicum humidum]] per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]], hippalo Asiae orientalis agente, in quattuor stationes divisum, hieme brevi et mitiori, aestate calida humidaque; [[temperatura]] aëris media mense Ianuario 5.5° atque mensibus Iulio et Augusto 25°, minima inter 3° et 22°, maxima inter 9° et 30°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota −5.9 °, maxima extrema 37.3°; pluviis mense Decembri ad 5 mm tantum, mense Iulio non minus quam 225 mm, anno toto ad 870 elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 144 incidentibus; [[humiditas relativa|humiditate relativa]] inter mensuras 76% et 86% reperta, horis solis fulgentis mense Decembri 52 tantum, mense Augusto 155, per annum totum 1&nbsp;073 tantum relatis.<ref>Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis</ref> == Fontes antiquiores == [[Fasciculus:Sheng'an Guihu.jpg|thumb|Hortus [[Sheng'an Guihu]] in urbe Chengdu viridescens]] * [[Yang Xiong]], ''[[s:zh:蜀都赋 (扬雄)|Shu du fu]]'' ([[rhapsodia]]) * [[Zuo Si]], ''[[s:zh:蜀都赋 (左思)|Shu du fu]]'' (rhapsodia) == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * "[https://archive.org/stream/travelershandboo00crow#page/184/mode/2up Chengtu]" in Carl Crow, ''The travelers' handbook for China''. 3a ed. (Novi Eboraci: Dodd, Mead, 1921) pp. 185-187 [https://archive.org/details/travelershandboo00crow Textus] * Lily Kuo, "[https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2019/feb/04/if-we-have-to-leave-we-leave-the-downside-of-life-in-chinas-park-city Inside Chengdu: can China's megacity version of the garden city work?]" in ''[[The Guardian]]'' (4 Februarii 2019) {{NexInt}} * [[Aeroportus Internationalis Chengduensis]] * [[Universitas Gentium Austro-occidentalium]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Chengdu|Chengdu}} {{Coord|30|39|31|N|104|3|53|E|display=title}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Urbes Sericae maximae}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Chengdu|!]] [[Categoria:Urbes milies milium incolarum]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati provinciae Sichuan]] m4k5n1fcz9ej6lp8guz7ddoy90p8zr3 0 213828 3962778 3453185 2026-05-31T10:37:19Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962778 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 49141.png|thumb|250px| Forges: communis tabula]] ''' Forges ''' est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 262 incolarum (anno [[2011]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Cenomannica et Liger|Cenomannicae et Ligeris]] in regione [[Pagi Ligeris (regio Franciae)|Pagis Ligeris]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Cenomannicae et Ligeris|Indicem communium praefecturae Cenomannicae et Ligeris]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Forges (Maine-et-Loire)|Forges}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20190104020426/http://forges49.fr/ Forges pagina interretialis] * {{INSEE commune|49141|de=Forges}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Meduanae et Ligeris]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Meduanae et Ligeris]] 3helm58tdt03b8gr0sook54qkcrtdxb 0 229693 3962739 3763973 2026-05-31T04:01:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962739 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Expo74 Stamp.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pittacium cursuale]] Expo '74 dicatum et a [[Petrus Max|Petro Max]] delineatum]] '''Expositio '74''' ([[Anglice]]: '''Expo '74''') fuit [[expositio mundana]] celebrata [[Spocanum|Spocani]] in civitate [[Vasingtonia]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Civitatum Foederatarum]] anno [[1974]] cuius sententia "progressus sine [[pollutio]]ne". Prima expositio mundana [[oecologismus|oecologismi]] est. == Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Expo '74|Expositionem '74 }} *[http://www.washington.edu/uwired/outreach/cspn/Website/Classroom%20Materials/Pacific%20Northwest%20History/Lessons/Lesson%2026/26.html De Spocani Expositione '74] *[https://web.archive.org/web/20141217091743/http://expo74.com/ Visita imaginaria Expositionis '74] {{stipula}} [[Categoria:Spocanum]] [[Categoria:Expositiones internationales]] [[Categoria:1974]] 3n12ybbe28j7q88yj33q0en4e0fmqz7 0 242317 3962747 3896077 2026-05-31T06:47:14Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962747 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:American Progress (John Gast painting).jpg|thumb|350px|''Progressus Americanus,'' [[pictura]] a [[Ioannes Gast|Ioanne Gast]] picta (1872), est [[allegoria|allegorica]] modernizationis occidentis novi repraesentatio. [[Columbia historica|Columbia]], [[personificatio]] [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatum Foederatarum]], [[civilizatio]]nem ad [[occidens|occidentem]] cum [[colonia|colonis]] Americanis hic ducit. [[Lux|Lucem]] ab [[oriens|oriente]] ad obscuritatem occidentis fert, filum ferreum [[telegraphum|telegraphicum]] intendens; [[liber|librum]] [[schola]]sticum praeterea tenet ([[Biblia Sacra]] non est). Variae actionis [[oeconomia|oeconomicae]] stationes attinguntur, praecipue progredientes [[transportatio]]nis genera.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://picturinghistory.gc.cuny.edu/item.php?item_id=180|title=John Gast, American Progress, 1872|work=[http://picturinghistory.gc.cuny.edu Picturing U.S. History]|publisher=[http://cuny.edu/ City University of New York]}}.</ref>]] '''Fatum Manifestum''' ([[Anglice]] ''Manifest Destiny'') fuit fides, in [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]] [[saeculum 19|saeculo undevicensimo]] late habita, [[colonia|colonos]] [[America|Americanos]] se per [[continens|continentem]] extendere destinavisse. [[Historicus|Rerum gestarum scriptores]] hodierni plerumque inter se congruunt huic notioni esse [[tres|tria]] argumenta prima: *Praecipuae hominum Americanorum virtutes et eorum [[institutio]]nes; *Propositum Americanum ad [[occidens|occidentem]] redimendum et reficiendum ut imago Americae [[historia agrarianismi|agrariae]]; *Fatum invictum ad hoc munus necessarium faciendum.<ref>{{cite book|author=Robert J. Miller|title=Native America, Discovered And Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis & Clark, And Manifest Destiny|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ccnP7tWU7hwC&pg=PA120|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood|page=120}}.</ref> [[Fridericus Merk]] [[historicus]] dicit hanc notionem exortam esse ex "notione finis ad [[Mundus Vetus|Mundum Veterem]] redimendum per exemplum altum . . . per latentem terrae novae potentiam ad [[caelum]] novum [[aedificium|aedificandum]] generata."<ref>[[Anglice]]: "a sense of mission to redeem the Old World by high example . . . generated by the potentialities of a new earth for building a new heaven."</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Merk|1963|page=[http://books.google.com/books?id=GhYJTaZiuxwC&pg=PA3 3]}}.</ref> [[Fasciculus:John O'Sullivan.jpg|thumb|left|175px|[[Ioannes L. O'Sullivan]], anno [[1874]] [[adumbratio|adumbratus]], iuvenis fuit scriptor columnarum [[diarium|diariorum]] magni momenti, sed hodie plerumque [[memoria]] tenetur solum ob eius usum locutionis ''fati manifesti'' ad adiectionem [[Texia]]e et [[Oregonia]]e suadendam.]] [[Historicus|Historici]] fatum manifestum notionem certatam fuisse expresserunt, quam [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democratici]] comprobaverunt, sed multi [[Americani]] notabiles (sicut [[Abrahamus Lincoln]], [[Ulixes S. Grant]], et plurimi [[Factio Whig (CFA)|Whigs]]) reiecerunt. [[Daniel Walker Howe]] historicus scribit: "[[Imperialismus]] Americanus consensum Americanum non repraesentavit; intra [[politia]]m nationalem dissensionem acrem commovit. . . . Homines Whig [[mos|moralem]] Americae finem exemplum [[democratis|democraticum]] potius quam [[bellum|victoria bellica]] videbant."<ref>[[Anglice]]:"American imperialism did not represent an American consensus; it provoked bitter dissent within the national polity. . . . ''Whigs'' saw America's moral mission as one of democratic example rather than one of conquest."</ref><ref>Daniel Walker Howe, ''What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America 1815–1848'' (2007), 705–706.</ref> [[Fasciculus:John Quincy Adams.jpeg|thumb|[[Ioannes Quintius Adams]], anno [[1816]] a [[Carolus Robertus Leslie|Carolo Roberto Leslie]] pictus, fuit unus ex primis continentalismi suasoribus. Senex autem se partium quas egit paenitebat cum adiuvaret in [[servitus in Civitatibus Foederatis|servitum]] augendum, atque adversarius adiectionis [[Texia]]e magni momenti factus est]] [[Ioannes L. O'Sullivan]], [[editor principalis|editor]] [[diarium|diarii]], locutionem ''fatum manifestum'' anno [[1845]] excogitavit ad [[essentia]]m huius sententiae decribendam, certum [[sonus|sonum]] [[rhetorica|rhetoricum]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/us/29.asp|title=29. Manifest Destiny|work=[http://www.ushistory.org/us/index.asp American History]|publisher=[http://www.ushistory.org/ USHistory.org]}}</ref> A civibus [[Factio Democratica (CFA)|Democraticis]] [[decennium 185|annis 1840]] ad [[Bellum Mexicanum|bellum cum Mexico]] excusandum, et ad dimidium [[terra Oregoniae|terrae Oregoniae]]<!--O. country--> cum [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regno]] dividendum adhibebatur. Sed fatum manifestum semper claudicavisse ob eius circumscriptiones internas et rem servitutis dicit Merk. Notio numquam facta est finis nationalis. Ante [[1843]], [[Ioannes Quintius Adams]], olim maior fautor notionis in qua fatum manifestum conditum erat, sententiam mutaverat et expansionismum repudiaverat quia extentionem [[servitus|servitutis]] in [[Texia]] significabat.<ref>{{harvnb|Merk|1963|pp=[http://books.google.com/books?id=GhYJTaZiuxwC&pg=PA215 215-216]}}.</ref> Fridericus Merk colligit: <blockquote>Ab initio, Fatum Manifestum—programmate vastum, in ea notione [[continentalismus|continentalismi]]—solum subsidium parvum habuit. Assectatoribus [[natio]]nalibus, [[regio|sectionalibus]], [[factio]]nalibus eius [[magnitudo|magnitudini]] adaequatis caruit. Causa fuit id spiritum nationalem non significare. Thesis quod [[nationalismus|nationalismum]] informavit, in multis [[scriptura|scripturis]] historicis inventis, per pauca indicia vere adiuvantia sustinetur.<ref>[[Anglice]]: "From the outset Manifest Destiny—vast in program, in its sense of [[Continentalism#Continentalism in North America|continentalism]]—was slight in support. It lacked national, sectional, or party following commensurate with its magnitude. The reason was it did not reflect the national spirit. The thesis that it embodied nationalism, found in much historical writing, is backed by little real supporting evidence."</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Merk|1963|p=[http://books.google.com/books?id=GhYJTaZiuxwC&p=PA215 215]}}.</ref></blockquote> Locutio ''fatum manifestum'' saepissime cum [[quaesita territorialiia Civitatum Foederatarum|territoriali Civitatum Foederatarum expansione]] ab [[1812]] ad [[1860]] consociatur. Haec aetas, a fine [[Bellum anni 1812]] ad [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] conflatum, aetas fati manifesti appellata est.<ref>{{cite book|author=Kurt Hanson |author2=Robert L. Beisner|title=American Foreign Relations since 1600: A Guide to the Literature, Second Edition|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rCQsQdqFyMYC|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=9781576070802|pages=[http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=rCQsQdqFyMYC&pg=PA313 313]}}</ref> Hoc tempore, Civitates Foederatae ad [[Oceanus pacificus|Oceanum Pacificum]] expandebantur—"[[a mari ad mare nitens]]"—fines [[Civitates Foederatae contiguae|Civitatum Foederatarum contiguarum]] plerumque definientes ut hodie videntur.<ref>Stuart et Weeks hoc aevum tempus fati manifesti (Anglice ''era of manifest destiny'') et aetatem fati manifesti ([[Anglice]] ''age of manifest destiny'') proprie appellant.</ref> {{NexInt}} [[Fasciculus:Alfred Jacob Miller - Fort Laramie - Walters 37194049.jpg|thumb|Prima {{Creanda|en|Fort Laramie|Arx Laramie}} ut ante [[1840]] videbatur. Pictura ex memoria ab Alfredo Iacobo Miller facta.]] [[Fasciculus:Emanuel Leutze - Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way - Smithsonian.jpg|thumb|Expansio Americana ad occidentem exemplar perfectum fit in [[Emanuel Leutze|Emanuelis Leutze]] ''[[Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way]],'' tabula picta celeberrima (1861). Inscriptio picturae, ex poemate [[Georgius Berkeley|Episcopi Berkeley]] (1726), fuit locutio tempore fati manifesti saepe citata, fides late habita [[civilizatio]]nem ad [[occidens|occidentem]] per [[historia]]m constanter movisse. [https://web.archive.org/web/20060105071332/http://americanart.si.edu/t2go/1lw/1931.6.1.html (plus)].]] [[Fasciculus:WilliamWalker.jpg|thumb|[[Filibuster]] [[Gulielmus Walker]], qui nonnullas expeditiones ad [[Mexicum]] et [[America Centralis|Americam Mediam]] deduxit, [[Nicaragua]]m rexit, et a [[Classis Britanniarum Regni|Classi Britannica]] captus [[poena capitalis|supplicio capitis]] in [[Honduria]] affectus est.]] [[Fasciculus:Mexico nebel.jpg|thumb|[[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]] [[Mexicopolis]] possessio anno [[1847]].]] [[Fasciculus:USA Territorial Growth 1850.jpg|thumb|Incrementum ab 1840 ad 1850.]] [[Fasciculus:Hultstrand61.jpg|thumb|Coloni [[Americani Norvegiani|Norvegiani]] in [[Dacota Septentrionalis|Dacota Septentrionali]] ante eorum fundum, [[domus caespitis|domum caespitis]]<!--Sod house-->.]]<!-- [[Fasciculus:Annexation Here to Stay.jpg|thumb|[[Overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii|Annexation]] of the [[Republic of Hawaii]] anno [[1898]].]] [[Fasciculus:Well, I hardly know which to take first! 5-28-1898.JPG|thumb|A cartoon of [[Uncle Sam]] seated in restaurant looking at the bill of fare containing "Cuba steak", "Porto Rico pig", the "Philippine Islands" and the "Sandwich Islands" (Hawaii).]] [[Fasciculus:Panama canal cartooon 1903.jpg|thumb|The U.S.'s intentions to influence the area (especially the [[Canalis Panamensis]] construction and control) led to the [[separation of Panama from Colombia]] in 1903]]--> ;Auctores et litterae *[[Thomas Hart Benton (senator)|Thomas Hart Benton]]—senator Missuriensis, expansionis occidentalis suasor *[[Stephanus A. Douglas]]—prominens "Americae Iuvenis" suasor *[[Horatius Greeley]]—fecit ut gratiosa apud populum esset locutio "I ad occidentem, iuvenis." *[[Duff Green]]—[[scriptor]], [[politicus]], et prominens fati manifesti sausor *[[Franciscus Fuller Victor]]—prominens [[historicus]] et [[fictio]]nis [[scriptor]] qui spiritum expansionis occidentalis cepit *"[[The White Man's Burden]]"—[[poema]] [[Rudyard Kipling]] magni momenti, quod [[colonia|colonizatio]] a Civitatibus Foederatis suasit ;Res *[[Motus Americae Iuvenis]]<!--Young America movement, political and literary movement with connections to manifest destiny--> *[[Expansionismus]]<!--—for expansionist ideas in other countries--> ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Adams, Sean Patrick. [[2008]]. ''The Early American Republic: A Documentary Reader.''<!--http://books.google.com/books?id=9SE_zwYlXrQC--> Wiley–Blackwell. ISBN 9781405160988. *Bryan, William Jennings. [[1899]]. ''Republic or Empire?''<!--http://books.google.com/books?id=lTk-B-lwmnUC--> *{{cite book |last=Beveridge |first=Albert J. |title=The Meaning of the Times and Other Speeches |year=1908 |publisher=The Bobbs–Merrill Company |location=Indianapolis |ref=harv}} *{{cite journal |last1=Crenshaw |first1=Ollinger |year=1941 |title=The Knights of the Golden Circle: The Career of George Bickley |journal=The American Historical Review |issue=42 |volume=1 |pages=23–50}} *{{cite book |last=Crocker |first=H. W. |title=Don't tread on me: a 400-year history of America at war, from Indian fighting to terrorist hunting |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=tFYWAQAAIAAJ |year=2006 |publisher=Crown Forum |isbn=9781400053636}} *{{cite book |title=God's New Israel |last=Cheery |first=Conrad |year=1998 |publisher= The University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807847541 |pages=424 |url=http://www.amazon.com/Gods-New-Israel-Religious-Interpretations/dp/0807847542/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1343940477&sr=1-1&keywords=God%27s+New+Israel}} *{{cite book |title=The Filibuster |last=Greene |first=Laurence |year=2008 |publisher=Kessinger Publishing, LLC |location=Novi Eboraci |isbn=978-1436695312 |pages=384 |url=http://www.amazon.com/The-Filibuster-Career-William-Walker/dp/1436695317}} *{{cite book |last=Fisher |first=Philip |title=Hard facts: setting and form in the American novel |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=NhvdAAAAIAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195035285}} *{{cite book |last=Fuller |first=John Douglas Pitts |title=The movement for the acquisition of all Mexico, 1846–1848 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=uTDJAAAAMAAJ |year=1936 |location=Baltimorae |publisher=Johns Hopkins Press}} *{{cite book |last=Greenberg |first=Amy S. |title=Manifest manhood and the antebellum American empire |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EQV6wPzlyOcC+ |year=2005 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521840965 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |last=Hietala |first=Thomas R. |title=Manifest Design: American Exceptionalism and Empire |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=hhMlmAM7tOYC |date=February 2003 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801488467}} Previously published as {{cite book |last=Hietala |first=Thomas R. |title=Manifest design: anxious aggrandizement in late Jacksonian America |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iLXtAAAAMAAJ |year=1985 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801417351}} *{{cite book |last=Hudson |first=Linda S. |title=Mistress of Manifest Destiny: a biography of Jane McManus Storm Cazneau, 1807–1878 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=FAELAAAAYAAJ |year=2001 |publisher=Texas State Historical Association |isbn=9780876111796}} *{{cite book |last=Johannsen |first=Robert Walter |title=Manifest destiny and empire: American antebellum expansionism |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YumVQgAACAAJ |year=1997 |publisher=Texas A&M University Press |isbn=9780890967560}} *{{cite book |last=Klinghoffer |first=Arthur Jay |title=The power of projections: how maps reflect global politics and history |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WhyPBHJV5VYC |year=2006 |publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group |isbn=9780275991357}} *{{cite book |editor-last=Ford |editor-first=Paul L. |title=Works of Thomas Jefferson, IX |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=_cfQake7FYAC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |year=2010 |publisher=Cosmo Press Inc. |isbn=9781616402105}} *{{cite book |title=Manifest Destiny's Underworld |last=May |first=Robert E. |year=2004 |publisher=The University of North Carolina Press |isbn=978-0807855812 |pages=448 |url=http://www.amazon.com/Manifest-Destinys-Underworld-Filibustering-Antebellum/dp/0807855812}} *{{cite book |last=Mattelart |first=Armand |title=The Invention of Communication |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=kOduCi83O5QC |year=1996 |publisher=U of Minnesota Press |isbn=9780816626977 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |last=McDougall |first=Walter A. |title=Promised land, crusader state: the American encounter with the world since 1776 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=rwZ26AJl-0oC |year=1997 |publisher=Houghton Mifflin |isbn=9780395830857}} *{{cite book |last1=Merk |first1=Frederick |title=Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=GhYJTaZiuxwC |year=1963 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674548053}} *{{cite book |last=Prucha |first=Francis Paul |title=The great father: the United States government and the American Indians |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=iSeWGTYsFcsC |year=1995 |publisher=U of Nebraska Press |isbn=9780803287341}} *{{cite book |last1=Ripley |first= Peter C. |year=1985 |title=The Black Abolitionist Papers |url=http://www.questia.com/library/95265957/the-black-abolitionist-papers |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |place=Chapel Hill, NC |pages=646 |ref=harv}} *{{cite journal |last1=Rossiter |first1=Clinton |year=1950 |title=The American Mission |journal=The American Scholar |issue=20 |pages=19–20 |publisher=The American Scholar}} *{{cite book |last=Sampson |first=Robert |title=John L. O'Sullivan and his times |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d1y5ew93xxIC |year=2003 |publisher=Kent State University Press |isbn=9780873387453}} *{{cite book |last=Stephanson |first=Anders |title=Manifest destiny: American expansionism and the empire of right |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=J3m9ByBK-NIC |year=1996 |publisher=Hill and Wang |isbn=9780809015849}} *{{cite book |last=Stuart |first=Reginald C. |title=United States expansionism and British North America, 1775–1871 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=C3B1AAAAMAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807817674}} *{{cite book |last=Somkin |first=Fred |title=Unquiet Eagle: Memory and Desire in the Idea of American Freedom, 1815–1860 |location=Ithaca, N.Y. |year=1967 |ref={{harvid|Somkin|1967}}}} *{{cite book |last=Strong |first=Josiah |title=Our Country |url=http://books.google.com/books/about/Our_country.html?id=PNhr7fU_egwC |year=1885 |publisher=Baker and Taylor Company |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |last=Tuveson |first=Ernest Lee |title=Redeemer nation: the idea of America's millennial role |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=-FM8cDl9g00C |year=1980 |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=9780226819211 |ref=harv}} *{{cite book |last=Weeks |first=William Earl |title=Building the continental empire: American expansion from the Revolution to the Civil War |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vcsk8UsgNRsC |year=1996 |publisher=Ivan R. Dee |isbn=9781566631358}} *{{cite book |last=Ward |first=John William |title=Andrew Jackson : Symbol for an Age: Symbol for an Age |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vQQ_uxoWdpYC |year=1962 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199923205}} *{{cite book |last1=Weinberg |first1=Albert Katz |author2=Walter Hines Page School of International Relations |title=Manifest destiny: a study of nationalist expansionism in American history |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=F3N1AAAAMAAJ |year=1935 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins Press |ref={{Harvid|Weinberg|1935}} |isbn=0404147062 }} *{{cite book |last=Wanklyn |first=Harriet |title=Friedrich Ratzel: A Biographical Memoir and Bibliography |year=1961}} ==Bibliographia addita== ===Commentarii in periodicis editi=== *{{cite journal |doi=10.1111/j.0022-3840.2001.00111.x |last=Dunning |first=Mike |title=Manifest Destiny and the Trans-Mississippi South: Natural Laws and the Extension of Slavery into Mexico. |journal=Journal of Popular Culture |year=2001 |volume=35 |issue=2 |pages=111–127 |issn=00223840 |id=Fulltext: Ebsco}} *{{cite journal |doi=10.2307/3124986 |last=Pinheiro |first=John C |title='Religion Without Restriction': Anti-catholicism, All Mexico, and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo |journal=Journal of the Early Republic |year=2003 |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=69–96 |issn=02751275}} *{{cite journal |last=Sampson |first=Robert D |title=The Pacifist-reform Roots of John L. O'Sullivan's Manifest Destiny |journal=Mid-America |year=2002 |volume=84 |issue=1–3 |pages=129–144 |issn=00262927}} ===Libri=== *{{cite book |last=Brown |first=Charles Henry |title=Agents of manifest destiny: the lives and times of the filibusters |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=WNgMAAAAYAAJ |date=Ianuario 1980 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807813614}} *{{cite book |last= Burns |first=Edward McNall |title=The American idea of mission: concepts of national purpose and destiny |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=25F1AAAAMAAJ |year=1957 |publisher=Rutgers University Press}} *{{cite book |last=Fresonke |first=Kris |title=West of Emerson: the design of manifest destiny |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1ar_OqzDUJAC |year=2003 |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520231856}} *{{cite book |last=Gould |first=Lewis L. |title=The Presidency of William McKinley |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=vnV3AAAAMAAJ |year=1980 |publisher=Regents Press of Kansas |isbn=9780700602063}} *{{cite book |last=Graebner |first=Norman A. |title=Manifest destiny |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=6z92AAAAMAAJ |year=1968 |publisher=Bobbs–Merrill |isbn=0672509865}} *{{cite book |last1=Heidler |first1=David Stephen |last2=Heidler |first2=Jeanne T. |title=Manifest destiny |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=TEd2AAAAMAAJ |year=2003 |publisher=Greenwood Press |isbn=9780313323089}} *{{cite book |last=Hofstadter |first=Richard |title=The paranoid style in American politics: and other essays |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=xSNPRAAACAAJ |year=1965 |publisher=Knopf |chapter=Cuba, the Philippines, and Manifest Destiny}} *{{cite book |last=Horsman |first=Reginald |title=Race and manifest destiny: The origins of American racial Anglo-Saxonism |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=9TSc3iKP3ZkC |year=1981 |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674948051}} *McDonough, Matthew Davitian. [[2011]]. Manifestly Uncertain Destiny: The Debate over American Expansionism, 1803–1848. Dissertatio PhD, Kansas State University. *Merk, Frederick, et Lois Bannister Merk. [[1963]]. ''Manifest Destiny and Mission in American History: A Reinterpretation.'' Novi Eboraci: Knopf. *{{cite book |last=May |first=Robert E. |title=Manifest destiny's underworld: filibustering in antebellum America |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=gpoMAAAAYAAJ |year=2002 |publisher=University of North Carolina Press |isbn=9780807827031}} *{{cite book |last=Morrison |first=Michael A. |title=Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=YTaxzMlkVEMC |date=18 Augusti 1999 |publisher=UNC Press Books |isbn=9780807847961}} *{{cite book |last=Sampson |first=Robert |title=John L. O'Sullivan and his times |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d1y5ew93xxIC |year=2003 |publisher=Kent State University Press |isbn=9780873387453}} *{{cite book |last= Smith |first=Gene A. |title=Thomas Ap Catesby Jones: commodore of Manifest Destiny |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=moSfw360JOEC |year=2000 |publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=9781557508485}} ==Nexus externi== *[https://archive.today/20121205014120/http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmexicanwar/educators/md3_war.html "Manifest Destiny and the U.S.–Mexican War: Then and Now,"] ''PBS'' *[http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/polk.asp Oratio aditialis Praesidis Polk,] apud universitatem Yalensem *Gayle Olson-Raymer, [http://zinnedproject.org/materials/the-expansion-of-empire/ "The Expansion of Empire,"] apud ''Zinned Project'' [[Categoria:Historia Americae Septentrionalis]] [[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Imperialismus]] [[Categoria:Theoriae politicae]] f6bvwlzq7sm8l1708g7f2zeip5calry 0 244567 3962722 3768151 2026-05-31T01:48:01Z Bosterm 210140 3962722 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:British Museum from NE 2.JPG|thumb|[[Museum Britannicum]] [[Londinium|Londinii]] situm.]] [[Fasciculus:Edward Burnett Tylor.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Eduardus Burnett Tylor|E. B. Tylor Eques]], anthropologus [[saeculum 19|saeculi undevicensimi]].]] '''Anthropologia socialis''' est praevalens [[anthropologia]]e constituens per [[Britanniarum Regnum]] et [[Consortio Populorum|Consortionem]] et multum [[Europa]]e, praecipue in [[Francia]],<ref>Dianteill 2012.</ref> ubi ab [[anthropologia culturalis|anthropologia culturali]] distingui solet.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130921091757/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/Publications/InformationAndGuidance/Documents/Anthropology07.pdf Benchmark Statement Anthropology,] www.qaa.ac.uk (QAA).</ref> In [[Civitates Foederatae|Civitatibus Foederatis]], anthropologia socialis intra [[anthropologia culturalis|anthropologiam culturalem]] late instituitur, vel intra [[anthropologia socioculturalis|anthropologiam socioculturalem]], notionem aliquantum novam. Contra anthropologiam culturalem, [[cultura]] cum sua continuitate—[[narratio]]nibus, [[ritus|ritibus]], et [[mos|moribus]] [[symbolum|symbolicis]] eacum consociatis—variabile dependens ([[explanandum]]) ab anthropologis socialibus usitate videri solet, in contextu [[historia|historico]] et [[societas humana|sociali]], sua diversitate conspectuum, ambiguitatum, dissensionum, et contradictionum [[relatio socialis|vitae socialis]] haud excepta, potius quam variabile liberum ([[explanandum|explanans]]). [[Fasciculus:Bronislawmalinowski.jpg|thumb|175px|left|[[Bronislaus Malinowski]], anthropologus praecipue in [[Schola Oeconomicae Londiniensis|Schola Oeconomicae Londiniensi]].]] Inter res anthropologis socialibus magni momenti sunt [[conventio (norma)|conventiones]], [[organizatio]] [[oeconomica]] et [[civilitas|politica]], [[iurisprudentia]] et resolutio [[pugna socialis|pugnae]], exemplaria [[consumptio (oeconomica)|consumptionis et permutationis]], [[consanguitas et descensus]] et structura [[familia]]rum, [[sociologia generis|relationes generis]], [[partus]] et [[socializatio]], [[religio]], cum animos hodiernorum anthropologorum socialium etiam agitantur per [[globalismus|globalismum]], [[violentia]]m ethnicam, [[studia generis]], transnationalismum et experientiam loci, ac emergentes [[cyberspatium|cyberspatii]] culturas,<ref>[http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~anthro/grad_social.htm The Department of Anthropology at Harvard University,] www.fas.harvard.edu.</ref> adversariosque reconciliare potest cum curae de circumiectis et progressus oeconomicus inter se repugnent.<ref>Hendry 1999.</ref> Anthropologi [[Britannia|Britannici]] et [[Civitates Foederatae|Americani]], inter quos [[Gillian Tett]] et [[Karen Ho]], quae [[Via Wall|Viam Wall]] investigaverunt, alteram [[discrimen pecuniarium 2007–2010|discriminis pecuniarii 2007–2010]] explicationem contra explicationes technicas in ratione oeconomica et politica fundatae praebuerunt.<ref>Ho 2009.</ref> Discrepantiae inter anthropologias socioculturales [[Britannia|Britannicas]] [[Francia|Francicas]] et [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanas]] imminutae sunt ob [[sermo]]nem ampliantem et mutuationem rationum et usuum. Anthropologi sociales et culturales, et nonnulli qui ambos status component, in plurimis institutis anthropologiae inveniuntur. Ergo iusta institutorum nomina res quas hae disciplinae tractant non semper plene ostendunt. Nonnulla, sicut Institutum Anthropologiae Socialis et Culturalis<ref>[http://www.isca.ox.ac.uk Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology,] www.isca.ox.ac.uk.</ref> (Oxoniae), nomen mutaverunt ad mutationem compositionis adaequandam; alia, sicut anthropologia socialis in [[Universitas Cantuariensis|Universitate Cantuariensi]], simpliciter instituta anthropologiae facta sunt.<ref>[http://www.kent.ac.uk/sac School of Anthropology and Conservation.]</ref> Plurima autem nomen quo condita sunt retinent. Anthropologia socialis diuturnae [[investigatio qualitativa|investigationi qualitivae]], [[opus agreste|studiis agrestibus]] (rationibus [[observatio participis|observationis participis]] exprimentibus) non exclusis, favere solet, potius quam enodationes quantativae inspectionum, quaestionaria, et breves salutationes agrestes ab [[oeconomica|oeconomis]], [[scientia politica|scientistis politicis]], et (plurimis) [[sociologia|sociologicis]] usitate adhibitae.<ref>Bernard 2006.</ref> == Anthropologi notabiles cum anthropologia sociali consociati == {{Div col|cols=3}} * [[Andreas Beteille]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070423184001/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/179372 Acroasis de historia anthropologiae socialis,] www.dspace.cam.ac.uk.</ref> * [[Alexander Boskovic]] * [[Edmundus Snow Carpenter]] * [[Maria Douglas]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161012160339/https://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/131558 Colloquium interrogatorium cum Alano Macfarlane,] www.dspace.com.ac.uk.</ref> * [[Thomas Hylland Eriksen]] * [[E. E. Evans-Pritchard]] * [[Raymundus Firth]] * [[Rosamaria Firth]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070607011937/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/447 Colloquium interrogatorium cum Alano Macfarlane,] www.dspace.cam.ac.uk.</ref> * [[Meyer Fortes]] * [[Ernestus Gellner]] * [[Stephanus D. Glazier]] * [[Iacobus Goody]] * [[David Graeber]] * [[Donaldus Kalb]] * [[Adam Kuper]] * [[Robertus Hugh Layton|Robertus Layton]] * [[Edmundus Leach]] * [[Murray Leaf]] * [[Claudius Lévi-Strauss]] * [[Alanus Macfarlane]]<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20070810231721/http://www.dspace.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/131552 Octo acroases de notionibus generalibus in anthropologia]<!--for first-year Cambridge University students, Februario 2006--></ref> * [[Bronislaus Malinowski]] * [[Geraldus Mars]] * [[Siegfried Fridericus Nadel]] * [[Susanna Visvanathan]] * [[A. H. J. Prins]] * [[Alfredus Radcliffe-Brown]] * [[Audrey Richards]] * [[Victor Turner]] * [[Marshall Sahlins]] * [[Philippus Descola]] * [[Marilyn Strathern]] * [[Duglassius R. White]] * [[Ericus Wolf]] {{Div col end}} == Scholastici anthropologiae socialis notabiles == [[Fasciculus:W.H.R.Rivers (Maull).jpg|thumb|[[W. H. R. Rivers]]. [[Photographema]] ab [[Henricus Maull|Henrico Maull]] factum.]] [[Fasciculus:LSE main entrance.jpg|thumb|Praecipuus aditus Scholae Oeconomicae Londiniensis.]] [[Fasciculus:Alfred Radcliffe-Brown 1930.jpg|thumbnail|[[Alfredus R. Radcliffe-Brown]].]] * [[Nicolaus Clegg]], dux [[Factio Democraticae Liberalis|Factionis Democraticae Liberalis]] et Vice Primus Minister [[Britanniarum Regnum|Britanniarum Regni]] * [[Hugh Laurie]], [[histrio]] * [[Thandie Newton]], [[histrio]] * [[Alexandra Shulman]], [[editor principalis|editor]] editionis Britannicae ''Vogue'' * [[David Attenborough]], hospes televisificus de vita fera * [[Carolus (princeps Walliae)]], heres [[Britanniarum Regnum|regni Britannici]] * [[Darren Aronofsky]], [[pellicularum rector]] * [[Amitav Ghosh]], [[auctor]] * [[Michael Hucknall]], principalis [[cantor]] gregis Simply Red * [[Derek Acorah]], susurrator manium * [[Arnab Goswami]], [[diurnariorum ars|diurnista]], [[editor principalis]] et ancora nuntiorum Times Now, canalis [[India|Indi]] {{NexInt}} * [[Ethnologia]] * [[Ethnosemiotica]] * [[Rajamandala]] * [[Sociologia]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Ardener, Edwin, ed. [[1971]]. ''Social anthropology and language.'' Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Tavistock Publications. ISBN 0-422-73700-3. * Beattie, J. H.M., et R. G. Lienhardt, eds. [[1975]]. ''Studies in social anthropology: essays in memory of E. E. Evans-Pritchard by his former Oxford colleagues.'' Oxoniae: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-823183-0. * Bernard, R. [[2006]]. ''Research Methods in Anthropology.'' Lanham Terrae Mariae: Alta Mira Press. * Dianteill, Erwan. [[2012]]. [http://cairn-int.info/abstract-E_ANSO_121_0093--cultural-anthropology-or-social-anthropo.htm#anchor_cite Cultural Anthropology or Social Anthropology? A Transatlantic Argument.] ''L’Année sociologique'' 62(1):93-122. * Eriksen, Thomas H. [[1985]]. Social Anthropology. In ''The Social Science Encyclopedia,'' 926–929. ISBN 0-7102-0008-0. OCLC 11623683. * Fortes, Meyer, et Sheila Patterson, eds. [[1975]]. ''Studies in African social anthropology.'' Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-262250-2. * Foster, George M., et a. [[1979]]. ''Long-term field research in social anthropology.'' Novi Eboraci: Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-263350-4. * Groh, A. (2018). ''Research Methods in Indigenous Contexts''. Novi Eboraci: Springer. ISBN 978-3-319-72774-5. * Hammond, Peter B. [[1971]]. ''An introduction to cultural and social anthropology.'' Novi Eboraci: Macmillan. * Hendry, Joy. [[1999]]. ''An Introduction to Social Anthropology: Other People's Worlds.'' Londinii: Macmillan Press Ltd. * Ho, Karen. [[2009]]. Disciplining Investment Bankers, Disciplining the Economy: Wall Street’s Institutional Culture of Crisis and the Downsizing of American Corporations. ''American Anthropologist'' 111(2). * Kuper, Adam. [[1977]], ed. ''The social anthropology of Radcliffe-Brown.'' Londinii et Bostoniae: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 0-7100-8556-7, ISBN 0-7100-8557-5. * Kuper, Adam. [[1996]]. ''Anthropology and Anthropologists: The Modern British School.'' ISBN 0-415-11895-6. OCLC 32509209. * Malinowski, Bronislaw. [[1915]]. ''The Trobriand Islands.'' * Malinowski, Bronislaw. [[1922]]. ''Argonauts of the Western Pacific.'' * Malinowski, Bronislaw. [[1929]]. ''The Sexual Life of Savages in North-Western Melanesia.'' * Malinowski, Bronislaw. [[1935]]. ''Coral Gardens and Their Magic: A Study of the Methods of Tilling the Soil and of Agricultural Rites in the Trobriand Islands.'' * Leach, Edmund. [[1954]]. ''Political systems of Highland Burma.'' Londinii: G. Bell. * Leach, Edmund. [[1982]]. ''Social Anthropology.'' * Sahay, Keshari N. [[1999]]. ''Social anthropology in India: some fascinating and unexplored dimensions. Novi Dellii: Commonwealth Publishers. ISBN 81-7169-542-6. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130921091757/http://www.qaa.ac.uk/Publications/InformationAndGuidance/Documents/Anthropology07.pdf "Benchmark Statement Anthropology,"] www.qaa.ac.uk * [https://web.archive.org/web/20151016133113/http://www.kripsy.net/masn/tiki-index.php?page=Welcome "The Moving Anthropology Student Network,"] www.kripsy.net {{Myrias|Anthropologia}} [[Categoria:Anthropologia socialis| ]] ob60zi5fiv1sln6pvmugma7wff95i0p 0 246924 3962719 3818965 2026-05-31T01:23:02Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962719 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Krenek Jonny-spielt-auf Titel.jpg|thumb|upright|''Jonny spielt auf,'' [[pagina titularis]] partiturae vocalis editionis primae (1926).]] '''Ernestus Krenek''' ([[23 Augusti]] [[1900]]—[[22 Decembris]] [[1991]]) fuit [[compositor]] [[Austria]]cus et deinde [[Civitates Foederatae|Americanus]] originis [[Cechia|Cechicae]]. [[Atonalitas|Atonalitatem]] et alios modos [[modernismus (musica)|musicos modernos]] et [[neoclassicismus (musica)|neoclassicismi]] exploravit, nonnullosque [[liber|libros]] divulgavit, inter quos fuerunt ''Music Here and Now'' (1939), studium [[Iohannes Ockeghem|Ioannis Ockeghem]] (1953), et ''Horizons Circled: Reflections on My Music'' (1974). Krenek duas res [[pseudonymum|falso nomine]] Thornton Winsloe conscripsit. [[Vindobona]]e natus est nomine ''Ernst Křenek'' (IPA |ˈkr̝ɛnɛk|), [[filius]] [[miles|militis]] [[Cechia|Cechici]] in [[exercitus|exercitu]] [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum|Austro-Hungarico]] meruentis. Ibi et [[Berolinum|Berolini]] cum [[Franciscus Schreker|Francisco Schreker]] studebat antequam in variis [[Germania|Germanis]] [[theatrum operaticum|theatris operaticis]] munus [[conductor]]is [[orchestra]]lis sustinebat. Per [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II|bellum mundanum II]], in [[exercitus|exercitum]] Austriacum conscriptus Vindobonaeque locatus, studia [[musica]] continuabat. Anno [[1922]] in [[Alma Mahler-Werfel|Almam]], [[Gustavus Mahler|Gustavi Mahler]] viduam, et [[Anna Mahler|Annam]] [[filia]]m incidit, cui suam Symphoniam 2 dicavit, et quam Martio [[1924]] duxit. [[Matrimonium]] autem per [[divortium]] ante primum diem anniversarium finitum est. Die anniversario octogensimo quinto Krenekiano, [[urbs]] [[Vindobona]] primum Praemium Ernesti Krenek concessit.<!-- ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div>--> ==Bibliographia== *Bischof, Günter, et Anton Pelinka, eds. [[2003]]. ''The Americanization/Westernization of Austria.'' New Brunswick Novae Caesareae: Transaction Publishers. ISBN 076580803X. *Bowles, Garrett H.. [[1989]]. ''Ernst Krenek: A Bio-bibliography.'' Novi Eboraci et Londinii: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313252505. *Bowles, Garrett H. [[2001]]. Krenek, Ernst. ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians,'' ed. Stanley Sadie et John Tyrrell. Londinii: Macmillan. *Dreyfus, Kay. [[2003]]. Alma Moodie and the Landscape of Giftedness. ''Australasian Music Research.'' 7:1–14. [http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200434279037623;res=E-LIBRARY Situs venalis.] *Krenek, Ernst. [[1943]]. New Developments of the Twelve-Tone Technique. ''The Music Review'' 4(2):81–97. *Krenek, Ernst. [[1964]]. A Composer's Influences. ''Perspectives of New Music'' 3(1):36-41. *Lawson, Colin. [[1995]]. ''The Cambridge Companion to the Clarinet.'' Cambridge Companions to Music. Cantabrigiae et Novi Eboraci: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521470668. ISBN 0521476682 (charta). * Lev, Ray (1947). Album notes for ''Franz Schubert — Piano Sonata no. 15 in C Major (Unfinished); Allegretto in C Minor''. Ray Lev, piano (78 RPM). [N.p.]: Concert Hall Society, Release B3. *Ogdon, Will, and Ernst Krenek. 1972. "Conversation with Ernst Krenek". ''Perspectives of New Music'' 10, no. 2 (Spring-Summer): 102–10. *Purkis, Charlotte. [[1992]]a. Karl V. ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera,'' ed. Stanley Sadie, 4 vols. Londinii: Macmillan Press. ISBN 0333734327. *Purkis, Charlotte. [[1992]]b. Krenek, Ernst. ''The New Grove Dictionary of Opera,'' ed. Stanley Sadie, 4 vols. Londinii: Macmillan Press. ISBN 0333734327. *Stewart, John L. [[1991]]. ''Ernst Krenek: The Man and His Music.'' Berkeleiai: University of California Press. ISBN 0520070143. *Tregear, Peter John. [[2001]]. Musical style and political allegory in Krenek's Karl V. ''Cambridge Opera Journal'' 13:55-80. *Taylor-Jay, Claire. [[2004]]. ''The Artist Operas of Pfitzner, Krenek and Hindemith: Politics and the Ideology of the Artist.'' Aldershot Hants Angliae; Burlingtoniae Montis Viridis: Ashgate. ISBN 0754605787. *Wührer, Friedrich. Ca. [[1955]]. Commentarii de albo ''Franz Schubert Piano Sonatas,'' vol. 3 (LP). Vox VBX 11. ==Nexus externi== *[http://artofthestates.org/cgi-bin/composer.pl?comp=87 "Art of the States: Ernst Krenek,"] artofthestates.org *[http://orelfoundation.org/index.php/composers/article/ernst_krenek/ Biographia, bibliographia, index operum, discographia,] orelfoundation.org (Societas fundata Oreliana) *[http://www.bruceduffie.com/krenek2.html Colloquium interrogativum cum Bruce Duffie, 18 Ianuarii 1986,] www.bruceduffie.com *[http://www.krenek.com Discographia, index operum, singula cuiusque operis,] www.krenek.com (Ernst-Krenek-Institut) *[http://libraries.ucsd.edu/speccoll/findingaids/mss0713.html Epistulae ad Mildred Kayden missae, MSS 713,] libraries,ucsd,edu<!--[http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/sca/--> (Special Collections & Archives], UC San Diego Library) *[http://www.lexm.uni-hamburg.de/object/lexm_lexmperson_00001293 Pagina Krenekiana,] https://web.archive.org/web/20070314233918/http://cmslib.rrz.uni-hamburg.de/lexm/content/home.xml (Lexikon verfolgter Musiker und Musikerinnen der NS-Zeit) {{DEFAULTSORT:Krenek, Ernestus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1900]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1991]] [[Categoria:Compositores Austriae]] [[Categoria:Compositores saltationum scaenicarum]] [[Categoria:Compositores Cechiae]] [[Categoria:Compositores Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Compositores operarum]] [[Categoria:Compositores dodecaphonici et serialistici]] [[Categoria:Discipuli Arnoldi Schoenberg]] [[Categoria:Expressionismus]] [[Categoria:Incolae Californiae]] [[Categoria:Professores Collegii Vassar]] crbqcd03jpy3x9yi6cj8c6al1l5kct8 0 251794 3962753 3838431 2026-05-31T07:01:52Z LilyKitty 18316 de discrimine digitali 3962753 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} [[Fasciculus:World Income Gini Map (2013).svg|thumb|[[Index Gini|Index coefficientis Giniani]] anno 2013.]] [[Fasciculus:Kuznets curve-en.svg|thumb|Curvus [[Simon Smith Kuznets|Kuznets]]ianus.]] '''Iniquitas reditus''' est res [[oeconomia]]e quod iniquitas [[reditus]] ex [[capitalismus|capitalismo]], [[monopolium|monopolii]] vel [[corruptio]]ne causa [[paupertas|pauputatis]] pro muliti populi contra [[democratia]]m. [[Carolus Marx]] causa iniquitatis [[accumulatio capitalis|accumulationem capitalem]] infinitam putavit.<ref>Carolus Marx, ''[[Das Kapital, Volumen I]]''</ref> Deinde [[Thomas Piketty]] theoriam curvus [[Simon Smith Kuznets|Kuznets]] falusam ex [[ideologia]] capitalista putavit et causa iniquitatis [[structura socialis|socialis]] et [[intuitio]]nem cogitat.<ref>''[[Le Capital au XXIe siècle]]'', Introductio et Sectio III</ref> Et societas [[organizatio]]ve internationalis, et [[programma promotorium Nationum Unitarum]] et [[proposita progressus durabilis]]<ref>[[Proposita progressus durabilis]], Sectio I</ref> hanc iniquitatem [[redistributio divitiarum|allevare]] postulat. {{NexInt}} *[[Anticapitalismus]] *[[Discrimen digitale]] *[[Forum mundi universi]] *[[Globalizatio]] *[[Meritocratia]] *[[Paradisus fiscalis]] *[[Usurpatio]] *[[Compilatio Panamensis]] *[[Motus "Occupy"]] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Oeconomia]] [[Categoria:Sociologia]] 86pyojtipodrtgcu5e796f7zaqkwycb 0 254480 3962643 3962542 2026-05-30T14:25:49Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962643 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:WPAsign.JPG|thumb|Usitatum signum de proposito procurationis.]] '''Procuratio Progressus Operum'''<ref>[[Anglice]] ''Works Progress Administration,'' ex anno [[1939]] nominata ''Work Projects Administration.''</ref> fuit maxima et assiduissima [[Negotium Novum|Negotii Novi]] procuratio [[Civitates Foederatae|Americana]], quae [[millio]]nes [[homo|hominum]] quaestu carentes (plerumque viros imperitos) conduxit ut rationes [[opera publica|operum publicorum]] efficerent,<ref name = "arnesen">Eric Arnesen, ed. ''Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History'' (2007), 1:1540.</ref> inter quas [[aedificium|aedificia]] et [[via]]e publicae construendae. [[Propositum Foederalis Numerus Unus]]<!--Federal Project Number One-->, propositum minus sed clarius, [[musicus|musicos]], [[artifex|artifices]], [[scriptor]]es, [[histrio]]nes, et [[director]]es conduxit in magnis [[ars|artium]], [[drama]]tis, [[media|mediorum]], et [[alphabetismus|alphabetismi]] propositis.<ref name = "arnesen"/> [[Fasciculus:WPA - DPLA - dc275d7919d7ec87d7d83b780f1413d3.gif|thumb|upright=0.7|left|Propositum viarium a procuratione perfectum.]] [[Fasciculus:Federal-Art-Project-Employment-and-Activities-1936.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8||[[Folium murale]] conductiones et actiones [[Propositum Artis Foederalis|Propositi Artis Foederalis]] die [[1 Novembris]] [[1936]] summatim describit.]] Paene omne [[oppidum|oppidulum]] in Civitatibus Foederatis novum [[hortus|hortum publicum]], novum [[pons|pontem]], vel novam [[schola]]m a procuratione constructam habuit. Prima procurationis appropriatio anno [[1935]] fuit $4.9 [[billio]]nes (circa 6.7 centesimae [[proventus domesticus grossus|proventus domestici grossi]] eodem anno), sed operarii procurationis $13.4 billiones impendit.<ref>Jason Scott Smith, ''Building New Deal Liberalism: The Political Economy of Public Works, 1933–1956'' (2006), 87.</ref> Summa agitatione anno [[1938]], quaestum tribus millionibus [[vir]]orum et [[mulier]]um suppeditavit, cum iuvenibus quoque in [[Procuratio Iuvenum Nationalis|Procuratione Iuvenum Nationali]], parte separata. [[Harrius Hopkins|Harrio Hopkins]] duce, procuratio opera et quaestum hominbibus quaestu carentibus dedit per [[Magna Depressio Oeconomica|Magnam Depressionem Oeconomicam]] in Civitatibus Foederatis. Ab die [[6 Maii]] [[1935]] ad [[30 Iunii]] [[1943]], paene octo milliones operum suppeditavit.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wpa/home.htm |title=WPA Archives |publisher=Colorado.gov}}.</ref> <!--Full employment, which was reached in 1942 and emerged as a long-term national goal around 1944, was not the WPA's goal. It tried to provide one paid job for all families in which the [[breadwinner model|breadwinner]] suffered long-term unemployment.<ref>Robert D. Leighninger Jr., ''Long-Range Public Investment: The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal'' (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2007), 64, 184.</ref> --> Robert D. Leighninger affirmat: <blockquote>The stated goal of public building programs was to end the depression or, at least, alleviate its worst effects. Millions of people needed subsistence incomes. Work relief was preferred over public assistance (the dole) because it maintained self-respect, reinforced the work ethic, and kept skills sharp.<ref>Leighninger, Robert D. "Cultural Infrastructure: The Legacy of New Deal Public Space." Journal of Architectural Education 49, no. 4 (1996).</ref></blockquote> ==Propositum Foederale Numerus Unus== <gallery mode=packed heights=160> Fasciculus:Little Miss Muffet 1940 poster.jpg|Folium murale ''[[Little Miss Muffet]]'' ad lectionem apud [[puer]]os promovendam utitur (1940). Fasciculus:The nickel and dime store, WPA poster, ca. 1941.jpg|Folium murale varisa res quae emi possunt in [[tabula varietatis|tabula 5 & 10¢]] ostendit. Fasciculus:Art classes for children LCCN98510141.jpg|Folium murale classes in artibus pro [[puer]]is ivulgat. Fasciculus:WPA_Zoo_Poster-Elephant.jpg|Folium Murale [[vivarium]] locum visitandi promovet, [[elephas|elephantem]] ostendens. Fasciculus:WPA_Theatre_Poster-Abraham_Lincoln.jpg|Folium murale spectaculum [[Propositum Theatri Foederalis|Propositi Theatri Foederalis]] promovet (1936). Fasciculus:Forging ahead LCCN98518700.jpg|Folium murale operarios cohortatur ut pro [[America]] laborent. </gallery> {{NexInt}} {{div col|2}} *[[Corpus Conservationis Privatum]]<!--Civilian C. Corps--> *[[Magna Depressio Oeconomica]] *[[Negotium Novum]] *[[Opera publica]] *[[Procuratio Operum Civilium]] *[[Procuratio Operum Publicorum]] *[[Propositum Artis Foederale]] *[[Voodoo Macbeth]]<!-- *[[American Guide Series]] *[[Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation]] *[[Hatch Act of 1939]] *[[List of locks and dams of the Upper Mississippi River]] *[[List of Federal Art Project artists]] *[[National Recovery Administration]] *[[Public Works of Art Project]] *[Section of Painting and Sculpture]]--> {{div col end}} ==Notae== [[Fasciculus:Stop syphilis LCCN98509573.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Folium murale procurationis de [[syphilis|syphilide]] (circa 1940).]] [[Fasciculus:Federal Art Project, Works Progress Administration art exhibition by artists of the Federal Art Project ... (at the) Albany Institute of History and Art LCCN98516718.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Folium murale [[exhibitio]]nis Propositi Foederatis Artium ab artificibus procurationis Propositi Foederatis Artis in Instituto Historiae et Artis Albaniano.]] [[Fasciculus:Wpa-done.JPG|thumb|pright=0.8|Folium murale res gestas procurationis summatim describit.]] [[Fasciculus:Women Working for the WPA.jpg|thumb|pright=0.8|[[Mulier]]es [[Hispania|Hispanicae]] Costillae Novi Mexici stragula ex pannis texunt (1939).]] [[Fasciculus:WPAMapMakersGoToWarNewOrleans1941.jpg|thumb|pright=0.8|Ingressio Americana in [[Bellum Orbis Terrarum II]] inopias et necessitates [[civitas|civitatis]] subito commutavit. Hi operarii procurationis [[tabula geographica|tabulam geographicam]] monitionis impetus ex [[aer]]e pro [[Nova Aurelia]] paucis diebus post impetum in [[Pearl Harbor]] cogunt.]] <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Adams, Don, et Arlene Goldbard. [[1995]]. New Deal Cultural Programs: Experiments in Cultural Democracy." ''Webster's World of Cultural Democracy.'' *Ginzberg, Eli. [[2004]]. ''The unemployed.'' Novi Brunscivi: Transaction Publishers. *Hopkins, June. [[1999]]. "The Road Not Taken: Harry Hopkins and New Deal Work Relief." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 29. *Howard, Donald S. [[1943]]. ''The WPA and Federal Relief Policy.''<!-- *Iowa New Deal Art. "WPA Murals." http://www.wpamurals.com/iowa.htm.--> *Kelly, Andrew. [[2015]]. ''Kentucky by Design: The Decorative Arts, American Culture and the Arts Programs of the WPA.'' Lexington: University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 9780813155678. *Larson, Cedric. [[2014]]. "The Cultural Projects of the WPA." ''The Public Opinion Quarterly'' 3 (3): 491–96. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2744973. JSTOR.] *Leighninger, Robert D. [[1996]]. "Cultural Infrastructure: The Legacy of New Deal Public Space." ''Journal of Architectural Education'' 49 (4): 226–236. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/1425295 Textus in JSTOR.] *Robert D. Leighninger Jr. [[2007]]. ''Long-Range Public Investment: The Forgotten Legacy of the New Deal.'' Columbia: University of South Carolina Press. *Lindley, Betty Grimes, et Ernest K. Lindley. [[1938]]. ''A New Deal for Youth: the Story of the National Youth Administration.'' *McJimsey George T. [[1987]]. ''Harry Hopkins: Ally of the Poor and Defender of Democracy.'' *Meriam, Lewis. [[1946]]. ''Relief and Social Security.'' Vasingtoniae: The Brookings Institution. *Millett, John D., et Gladys Ogden. [[1941]]. ''Administration of Federal Work Relief,'' *Rose, Nancy. [[2009]]. ''The WPA and Public Employment in the Great Depression,'' *Sargent, James E. [[1985]]. "Woodrum's Economy Bloc: The Attack on Roosevelt's WPA, 1937-1939." ''Virginia Magazine of History and Biography'' 175-207. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4248805 Textus in JSTOR.] *Singleton, Jeff. [[2000]]. ''The American Dole: Unemployment Relief and the Welfare State in the Great Depression.'' *Smith, Jason Scott. [[2005]]. ''Building New Deal Liberalism: the Political Economy of Public Works, 1933–1956.'' *Taylor, David A. [[2009]]. ''Soul of a People: The WPA Writers' Project Uncovers Depression America.'' *Taylor, Nick. [[2008]]. ''American-Made: The Enduring Legacy of the WPA: When FDR Put the Nation to Work.'' *United States Senate. [[1938]]. ''Report of investigation of public relief in the District of Columbia.'' Vasingtoniae. *Williams, Edward Ainsworth. [[1939]]. ''Federal aid for relief.'' *Wood, Margeret Mary. [[1953]]. "Paths of loneliness: the individual isolated in modern society." Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press. *Young, William H., et Nancy K. Young. [[2007]]. ''The Great Depression in America: a Cultural Encyclopedia.'' 2 vol. Westport Connecticutae: Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313335206. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Works Progress Administration|Procurationem Progressus Operum}} *[https://web.archive.org/web/20100527153040/http://www.nga.gov/collection/iad/index.shtm ''Index Designationis Americanae,''] www.nga.gov (Pinacotheca Nationalis Artis) *[http://digital.lib.washington.edu/findingaids/view?docId=KennedyJohnC0659.xml John C. Kennedy Papers, 1912-1938]. *[http://wpa.cslib.org/ Propositum Inventorii Arts Procurationis Progressus Operum,] wpa.cslib.org {Bibliotheca Civitatis Connecticutae) *[http://www.solvingpoverty.com/ Propositum Operum Civicorum Litoris Sinuosi,] www.solvingpoverty.com (a Procuratione Progressus Operum motum) *[http://www.bobolinkbooks.com/BALLAST/WPA.html De Roberto Tabor, artifice procurationis,] www.bobolinbooks.com *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090906070417/http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/site/smithsonian/show_soul_people.do ''Soul of a People,''] www.smithsonianchannel.com (Documentarium, Smithsonian Networks) *[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xa9Mjfr5foY [[Voodoo Macbeth]],] [[pellicula]] (Propositum Theatri Foederalis, 1936).<!-- * [[Great Depression in Washington State Project|The Great Depression in Washington State Project]], including an illustrated map of [http://depts.washington.edu/depress/map_WPA.shtml major WPA projects] and a multimedia history of the [http://depts.washington.edu/depress/theater_arts_ftp.shtml Federal Theater Project] in the State. * {{Gutenberg author | id=United+States.+Work+Projects+Administration | name=Work Projects Administration}} * [http://nwda-db.wsulibs.wsu.edu/findaid/ark:/80444/xv96452 Guide to the WPA Oregon Federal Art Project collection at the University of Oregon] * [http://archives.nypl.org/the/21674 WPA Radio Scripts, 1936–1940], held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, [[New York Public Library for the Performing Arts]] * [http://www.dollarsandsense.org/archives/2008/0308dodd.html An Introduction to the Employer of Last Resort Proposal] from [[Dollars & Sense]]. Includes several images from the original WPA. * [http://livingnewdeal.berkeley.edu/ Living New Deal Project] * [http://histclo.com/essay/war/dep/cou/us/nda-wpa.html New Deal Agencies: The Works Progress Administration] * [http://digital.lib.usf.edu/?u29.138-w27-ead Works Progress Administration Tampa Office Records] at the [http://lib.usf.edu University of South Florida] * [http://www.azarchivesonline.org/xtf/view?docId=ead/asm/MS2.xml;query=wpa;brand=default Arizona Archives Online Finding Aid] * [http://unomaha.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/landingpage/collection/p15301coll1 WPA Omaha, Nebraska City Guide Project] by the [[University of Nebraska Omaha]] [[Dr. C.C. and Mabel L. Criss Library]]. * WPA publications from [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Alabama+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Alabama], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Florida+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Florida], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Georgia+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Georgia], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Kentucky+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Kentucky], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Louisiana+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Louisiana], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Maryland+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Maryland], [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=North+Carolina+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields North Carolina], and [http://exploreuk.uky.edu/?commit=search&f%5bsource_s%5d%5b%5d=Tennessee+Works+Progress+Administration+Publications&q=worosk+progress+administration+publications&search_field=all_fields Tennessee] housed at the University of Kentucky Libraries Special Collections Research Center '''WPA posters:''' * [http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/wpaposters/wpahome.html Posters from the WPA at the Library of Congress] '''Libraries and the WPA:''' * [http://www.libsci.sc.edu/histories/WPA/WPAfirstpage.htm The WPA Library Project in South Carolina] * [http://www.statelibrary.sc.gov/south-carolina-public-library-history-1930-1945 South Carolina Public Library History, 1930–1945] * [http://digilab.browardlibrary.org/WPAChildren/ WPA Children’s Books (1935–1943)] [[Broward County Library]]’s Bienes Museum of the Modern Book '''WPA murals:''' * [http://www.wpamurals.com/ Database of WPA murals] * [http://www.americanabstractartists.org/history/wpamurals/ WPA-FAP Mural Division in NYC, and restoration of murals at the Williamsburg Houses and Hospital for Chronic Diseases on Welfare Island] * [http://www.muralist.org/ WPA mural projects] by noted muralist Sr. [[Lucia Wiley]] * [http://www.LouisSchanker.info WPA Artist Louis Schanker]--> [[Categoria:Constituta 1935]] [[Categoria:Historia Civitatum Foederatarum]]<!--en:History of the United States government--> [[Categoria:Procuratio Progressus Operum| ]] <!-- [[Category:Defunct agencies of the United States government]] [[Category:Former United States Federal assistance programs]] [[Category:Government agencies established in 1935]] [[Category:Government agencies disestablished in 1943]] [[Category:1943 disestablishments in Washington, D.C.]]--> 1ruwip5apcq993k5xn7hl71b25350dq 0 258571 3962607 3893054 2026-05-30T12:25:43Z LilyKitty 18316 de sententia anno 2026 3962607 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Bluete in Aschenbecher.jpg |thumb|upright=1|[[Signum]] diei mundialis sine tabaco: [[flos]] in cinerario positus.]] '''Dies mundialis sine tabaco''' est [[dies]] quae die [[31 Maii]] inter gentes quotannis ex anno [[1987]] celebratur, ab [[Ordo mundi sanitarius|Ordine Mundi Sanitario]] decreta quia [[tabacum|tabacum]] est [[venenum]] quod [[salus|salutem]] omnium violat{{dubsig}} et causa [[cancer pulmonum|cancri pulmonum]] putatur. Quae die contra [[dependentia (medicina)|dependentiam]] est. [[Sententia]] anno [[2023]] est ''[[Cibus|Alimenti]], non tabaci, egemus.'' ==Sententiolae praeconiales== Ordo mundi sanitarius [[Sententiola praeconialis|sententiolam praeconialem]] quotannis constituit: *[[2026]]: ''Argumentum detegere'' *[[2025]]: ''Appellationem detegere''{{dubsig}} *[[2024]]: ''Ex industria tabaci [[impubes|impuberes]] protegere'' *[[2023]]: ''[[Cibus|Alimenta]] crescere, non tabacum'' *[[2022]]: ''Tabacum metus pro [[circumiecta naturalia|circumiectis naturalibus]]''{{dubsig}} *[[2021]]: ''Committite deponere'' *[[2020]]: ''Tabacum et industria relativa strategiae generationes [[iuventus]] attingent'' *[[2019]]: ''Tabacum et salus [[pulmo]]nis'' *[[2018]]: ''Tabacum vobis [[cor]] nocet; eligere salutem, non tabacum'' *[[2017]]: ''Tabacum minacum [[evolutio sustentabilis|evolutione]]'' *[[2016]]: ''[[Sententiola praeconialis]] neutra''{{dubsig}} quod [[periculum]] [[venenum|veneni]] tabaci postulat. ===2016 "Volve simpliciter involvendi"{{dubsig}}<ref>[http://www.who.int/campaigns/no-tobacco-day/2016/en/ Commentarius WHO de die mundi sine tabaco ]</ref>=== Anno 2016, Ordo Mundi Sanitarius ad [[sigarellum|sigarellorum]] capsulas spectat et simpliciores * sine [[color]]ibus sive cum colore normae * sine divulgatione * cum imagine monitorium [[valetudo publica|valetudinis]] postulat. {{NexInt}} *[[Medicamentum]] ==Notae== <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day Situs publicus WHO] (Anglice) *[https://www.who.int/fr/campaigns/world-no-tobacco-day Situs publicus OMS] (Francogallice) *[http://www.who.int/tobacco/es/ Situs publicus OMS] (Hispanice) [[Categoria:Decreta 1987]] [[Categoria:Ordo mundi sanitarius]] [[Categoria:Ritus Martii]] [[Categoria:Tabacum]] njtl6vfr70m9ixwtzgkyjtk63lyr44p 0 261927 3962718 3175209 2026-05-31T00:08:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962718 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Mobilising Faith Communities in Ending Sexual Violence in Conflict (15862086073).jpg|thumb|[[Archiepiscopus Cantuariensis]], hodie [[Iustinus Welby]], quamquam episcopus dioecesanus [[Dioecesis Cantuariensis]], etiam est [[episcopus metropolitanus|archiepiscopus metropolitanus]] [[Provincia Cantuariensis|Provinciae Cantuariensis]]; maximus [[primas]] et principalis religiosa Ecclesiae Anglicanae persona; et spiritualis [[Communio Anglicana|Communionis Anglicanae]] dux, [[primus inter pares]] omnium [[primas|primatum]] per [[tellus|totum orbem terrarum]] more Anglicanorum.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080214105116/http://www.archbishopofcanterbury.org/104 "Archbishop's Roles and Responsibilities,"] ''Archbishop of Canterbury Website.''</ref>]] '''Episcopus dioecesanus''' intra varias sectas [[Christianitas|Christianas]] est [[episcopus]] vel [[archiepiscopus]] qui munus pastorale [[dioecesis]] vel [[archidioecesis]] sustinet, contra [[episcopus titularis|episcopum tutularem]] vel archiepiscopum titularem, cuius [[sedes episcopalis|sedes]] solum nominalis, non pastoralis, est.<ref>[http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P1D.HTM Code of Canon Law (1983),] canon 376: "Bishops to whom the care of some diocese is entrusted are called diocesan; others are called titular."</ref> In coniunctione cum aliis episcopis, episcopus dioecesanus esse potest [[episcopus suffraganeus]], [[episcopus metropolitanus]] (si archiepiscopus est), vel [[primas]], et varia officia sustenere potest, sicut [[cardinalatus|cardinalis]] vel [[patriarcha]]. Episcopi et archiepiscopi titulares vicissim esse possunt [[episcopus assistens|episcopi assistentes]], [[episcopus coadiutor|episcopi coadiutores]], [[episcopus auxiliarius|episcopi auxiliarii]], [[nuntius|nuntii]] vel legati similes, magistratus [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]], et ceteri. {{NexInt}} *[[Episcopus emeritus]] *[[Ordinarius (magistratus)]] ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> {{reli-stipula}} [[Categoria:Munera in Ecclesia]]<!--en:Episcopi genere digesti--> [[Categoria:Termini Christiani]] 44mkl4fo5ohe7ur735h0vwmj3q3zxat 0 265406 3962704 3322431 2026-05-30T18:46:10Z Andrew Dalby 1084 vicifeci (haud difficile ...) 3962704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Xiphilinus''' (qui undecimo saeculo floruit) fuit scriptor et monachus [[Byzantium|Byzantinus]] qui nobis epitomam [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae Dionis Cassii]] reliquit, libros XXXVI-LXXX continentem ([[69 a.C.n.]] - [[229]] p.C.n.). Ex hac historia integre vel paene integre servati sunt libri XXXVI-LX. Ita libri LXI-LXXX a morte [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudii imperatoris]] usque ad [[Alexander Severus|Alexandrum Severum Augustum]], si quidem nonnulla fragmenta in excerptorum historicorum collectaneis [[Constantinus Porphyrogenitus|Constantini Porphyrogeniti]] inventa exceperis, praecipue per Xiphilinum nobis noti sunt. Ioannes Xiphilinus nepos [[Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus|patriarchae]] eiusdem nominis fuisse vulgo putatur. == Editiones == * [[Editio princeps]] ''Epitomae'' anno 1551 apud typographum Parisiensem [[Robertus Stephanus|Robertum Stephanum]] in lucem prodiit<ref> ''Εκ των Διωνος του Νικαεως Ρωμαϊκών ιςτοριων, α̕πὸ Πομπείου Μάγνου μέχρις Αλεξαν́δρου του Μαμαιας έπιτομὲ Ιωάννου του̃ Ξιφιλινου. Dionis Nicæi Rerum Romanarum à Pompeio Magno, ad Alexandrum Mamææ, epitome authore Ioanne Xiphilino. Ex bibliotheca regia'', Lutetiæ : ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi regii, regiis typis, M. D. LI. </ref>, qui quarto ante anno (1548) editionem principem ipsius [[Dio Cassius|Dionis Cassii]] iam dederat. Eodem anno Gulielmus Blancus Albiensis hoc compendium Latine convertit<ref>[http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/consult.asp?numtable=B372615206%5F7587&numfiche=485&mode=3&ecran=0&offset=4 Hic legere potes]</ref>, paulo post [[Gulielmus Xylander]] adnotationibus et castigationibus suis instruxit (Basileae, 1558<ref> ''Dionis Cassii Nicaei, Romanae historiae libri (tot enim hodie extant XXV. nimirum à XXXVI ad LXI. Quibus exponuntur res gestae à bello Cretico usque ad mortem Claudii Caesaris, quae est historia annorum circiter CXX. Nunc primum summa fide diligentiaque de graecis latini facti, [[Gulielmus Xylander|Gulielmo Xylandro]] Augustano interprete. His accesserunt ejusdem annotationes... Additum est Joannis Xiphilini é Dione Compendium, Guil. Blanco Albiensi interprete : quae versio ab eodem Xylandro diligenter est, ubi oportuit castigata. Iidem libri Dionis ac Xiphilini seorsim Graecè quoque eduntur, accuratè ab eodem emendati. Adhaec, rerum & verborum copiosissimus Index'', Basilieae : apud Joannem Oporinum. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sL4gVyqazYYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hic legere potes]</ref>). Nec tamen omnino praetereundum videtur [[Georgius Merula|Georgium Merulam]] iam circa [[1490]] vitas imperatorum [[Nerva|Nervae]], [[Traianus|Traiani]] et [[Hadrianus (imperator)|Hadriani]] e Xiphilino Latine convertisse<ref>[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11097035_00001.html Hic legere potes]</ref>. * Hodie Xiphilinum cum Dione Cassio apud [[Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana|Bibliothecam Teubnerianam]] vel ''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'' commode legere potes. == Si vis plura legere == * Christophorus Thomas Mallan, 'The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus' Epitome of Cassius Dio's Roman History', ''Greek Roman and Byzantine studies'' 2013(63) : 610-644 [http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/14699/3901 Hic legere potes] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 10 aut 11]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 11 aut 12]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Historici Byzantini]] 5wr0qzicgu96qqujcs5jjq2c7am9i2g 3962705 3962704 2026-05-30T18:46:54Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Andrew Dalby movit paginam [[Iohannes Xiphilinus]] ad [[Ioannes Xiphilinus]]: orthographia normalis 3962704 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Xiphilinus''' (qui undecimo saeculo floruit) fuit scriptor et monachus [[Byzantium|Byzantinus]] qui nobis epitomam [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae Dionis Cassii]] reliquit, libros XXXVI-LXXX continentem ([[69 a.C.n.]] - [[229]] p.C.n.). Ex hac historia integre vel paene integre servati sunt libri XXXVI-LX. Ita libri LXI-LXXX a morte [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudii imperatoris]] usque ad [[Alexander Severus|Alexandrum Severum Augustum]], si quidem nonnulla fragmenta in excerptorum historicorum collectaneis [[Constantinus Porphyrogenitus|Constantini Porphyrogeniti]] inventa exceperis, praecipue per Xiphilinum nobis noti sunt. Ioannes Xiphilinus nepos [[Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus|patriarchae]] eiusdem nominis fuisse vulgo putatur. == Editiones == * [[Editio princeps]] ''Epitomae'' anno 1551 apud typographum Parisiensem [[Robertus Stephanus|Robertum Stephanum]] in lucem prodiit<ref> ''Εκ των Διωνος του Νικαεως Ρωμαϊκών ιςτοριων, α̕πὸ Πομπείου Μάγνου μέχρις Αλεξαν́δρου του Μαμαιας έπιτομὲ Ιωάννου του̃ Ξιφιλινου. Dionis Nicæi Rerum Romanarum à Pompeio Magno, ad Alexandrum Mamææ, epitome authore Ioanne Xiphilino. Ex bibliotheca regia'', Lutetiæ : ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi regii, regiis typis, M. D. LI. </ref>, qui quarto ante anno (1548) editionem principem ipsius [[Dio Cassius|Dionis Cassii]] iam dederat. Eodem anno Gulielmus Blancus Albiensis hoc compendium Latine convertit<ref>[http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/consult.asp?numtable=B372615206%5F7587&numfiche=485&mode=3&ecran=0&offset=4 Hic legere potes]</ref>, paulo post [[Gulielmus Xylander]] adnotationibus et castigationibus suis instruxit (Basileae, 1558<ref> ''Dionis Cassii Nicaei, Romanae historiae libri (tot enim hodie extant XXV. nimirum à XXXVI ad LXI. Quibus exponuntur res gestae à bello Cretico usque ad mortem Claudii Caesaris, quae est historia annorum circiter CXX. Nunc primum summa fide diligentiaque de graecis latini facti, [[Gulielmus Xylander|Gulielmo Xylandro]] Augustano interprete. His accesserunt ejusdem annotationes... Additum est Joannis Xiphilini é Dione Compendium, Guil. Blanco Albiensi interprete : quae versio ab eodem Xylandro diligenter est, ubi oportuit castigata. Iidem libri Dionis ac Xiphilini seorsim Graecè quoque eduntur, accuratè ab eodem emendati. Adhaec, rerum & verborum copiosissimus Index'', Basilieae : apud Joannem Oporinum. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sL4gVyqazYYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hic legere potes]</ref>). Nec tamen omnino praetereundum videtur [[Georgius Merula|Georgium Merulam]] iam circa [[1490]] vitas imperatorum [[Nerva|Nervae]], [[Traianus|Traiani]] et [[Hadrianus (imperator)|Hadriani]] e Xiphilino Latine convertisse<ref>[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11097035_00001.html Hic legere potes]</ref>. * Hodie Xiphilinum cum Dione Cassio apud [[Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana|Bibliothecam Teubnerianam]] vel ''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'' commode legere potes. == Si vis plura legere == * Christophorus Thomas Mallan, 'The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus' Epitome of Cassius Dio's Roman History', ''Greek Roman and Byzantine studies'' 2013(63) : 610-644 [http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/14699/3901 Hic legere potes] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 10 aut 11]] [[Categoria:Mortui saeculo 11 aut 12]] [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Historici Byzantini]] 5wr0qzicgu96qqujcs5jjq2c7am9i2g 3962708 3962705 2026-05-30T19:09:01Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3962708 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Ioannes Xiphilinus''' (qui undecimo saeculo floruit) fuit scriptor et monachus [[Byzantium|Byzantinus]] qui nobis epitomam [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae Dionis Cassii]] reliquit, libros XXXVI-LXXX continentem ([[69 a.C.n.]] - [[229]] p.C.n.). Ex hac historia integre vel paene integre servati sunt libri XXXVI-LX. Ita libri LXI-LXXX a morte [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudii imperatoris]] usque ad [[Alexander Severus|Alexandrum Severum Augustum]], si quidem nonnulla fragmenta in excerptorum historicorum collectaneis [[Constantinus Porphyrogenitus|Constantini Porphyrogeniti]] inventa exceperis, praecipue per Xiphilinum nobis noti sunt. Ioannes Xiphilinus nepos [[Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus|patriarchae]] eiusdem nominis fuisse vulgo putatur. == Editiones == [[Editio princeps]] ''Epitomae'' anno 1551 apud typographum Parisiensem [[Robertus Stephanus|Robertum Stephanum]] in lucem prodiit<ref> ''Εκ των Διωνος του Νικαεως Ρωμαϊκών ιςτοριων, α̕πὸ Πομπείου Μάγνου μέχρις Αλεξαν́δρου του Μαμαιας έπιτομὲ Ιωάννου του̃ Ξιφιλινου. Dionis Nicæi Rerum Romanarum à Pompeio Magno, ad Alexandrum Mamææ, epitome authore Ioanne Xiphilino. Ex bibliotheca regia'', Lutetiæ : ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi regii, regiis typis, M. D. LI. </ref>, qui quarto ante anno (1548) editionem principem ipsius [[Dio Cassius|Dionis Cassii]] iam dederat. Eodem anno Gulielmus Blancus Albiensis hoc compendium Latine convertit<ref>[http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/consult.asp?numtable=B372615206%5F7587&numfiche=485&mode=3&ecran=0&offset=4 Hic legere potes]</ref>, paulo post [[Gulielmus Xylander]] adnotationibus et castigationibus suis instruxit (Basileae, 1558<ref> ''Dionis Cassii Nicaei, Romanae historiae libri (tot enim hodie extant XXV. nimirum à XXXVI ad LXI. Quibus exponuntur res gestae à bello Cretico usque ad mortem Claudii Caesaris, quae est historia annorum circiter CXX. Nunc primum summa fide diligentiaque de graecis latini facti, [[Gulielmus Xylander|Gulielmo Xylandro]] Augustano interprete. His accesserunt ejusdem annotationes... Additum est Joannis Xiphilini é Dione Compendium, Guil. Blanco Albiensi interprete : quae versio ab eodem Xylandro diligenter est, ubi oportuit castigata. Iidem libri Dionis ac Xiphilini seorsim Graecè quoque eduntur, accuratè ab eodem emendati. Adhaec, rerum & verborum copiosissimus Index'', Basilieae : apud Joannem Oporinum. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sL4gVyqazYYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hic legere potes]</ref>). Nec tamen omnino praetereundum videtur [[Georgius Merula|Georgium Merulam]] iam circa [[1490]] vitas imperatorum [[Nerva|Nervae]], [[Traianus|Traiani]] et [[Hadrianus (imperator)|Hadriani]] e Xiphilino Latine convertisse<ref>[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11097035_00001.html Hic legere potes]</ref>. * Hodie Xiphilinum cum Dione Cassio apud [[Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana|Bibliothecam Teubnerianam]] vel ''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'' commode legere potes. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1551 : [[Robertus Stephanus]], ed.; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ekIq3es2EKcC/ Textus] * 1558 : versio Latina Xiphilini ex editione Dionis Basileensis; [https://archive.org/details/ARes35205/page/420/mode/2up Textus] * 1559 : editio Lugdunensis; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5O1vr02Im9IC/ Textus] * 1640 : editio Mediolanensis; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rL6-oEbblagC/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] ; Eruditio * Christophorus Thomas Mallan, 'The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus' Epitome of Cassius Dio's Roman History', ''Greek Roman and Byzantine studies'' 2013(63) : 610-644 [http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/14699/3901 Hic legere potes] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 10 aut 11|saeculo 11 aut 12|Xiphilinus, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Historici Byzantini]] s3jv2ljcyffd42r2db3qy3f6orajun2 3962710 3962708 2026-05-30T19:15:24Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962710 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} {{Videhom|Georgius Xiphilinus}} '''Ioannes Xiphilinus''' (qui undecimo saeculo floruit) fuit scriptor et monachus [[Byzantium|Byzantinus]] qui nobis epitomam [[Historia Romana (Dio)|Historiae Romanae Dionis Cassii]] reliquit, libros XXXVI-LXXX continentem ([[69 a.C.n.]] - [[229]] p.C.n.). Ex hac historia integre vel paene integre servati sunt libri XXXVI-LX. Ita libri LXI-LXXX a morte [[Claudius (imperator)|Claudii imperatoris]] usque ad [[Alexander Severus|Alexandrum Severum Augustum]], si quidem nonnulla fragmenta in excerptorum historicorum collectaneis [[Constantinus Porphyrogenitus|Constantini Porphyrogeniti]] inventa exceperis, praecipue per Xiphilinum nobis noti sunt. Ioannes Xiphilinus nepos [[Patriarcha Constantinopolitanus|patriarchae]] eiusdem nominis fuisse vulgo putatur. == Editiones == [[Editio princeps]] ''Epitomae'' anno 1551 apud typographum Parisiensem [[Robertus Stephanus|Robertum Stephanum]] in lucem prodiit<ref> ''Εκ των Διωνος του Νικαεως Ρωμαϊκών ιςτοριων, α̕πὸ Πομπείου Μάγνου μέχρις Αλεξαν́δρου του Μαμαιας έπιτομὲ Ιωάννου του̃ Ξιφιλινου. Dionis Nicæi Rerum Romanarum à Pompeio Magno, ad Alexandrum Mamææ, epitome authore Ioanne Xiphilino. Ex bibliotheca regia'', Lutetiæ : ex officina Roberti Stephani typographi regii, regiis typis, M. D. LI. </ref>, qui quarto ante anno (1548) editionem principem ipsius [[Dio Cassius|Dionis Cassii]] iam dederat. Eodem anno Gulielmus Blancus Albiensis hoc compendium Latine convertit<ref>[http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/Consult/consult.asp?numtable=B372615206%5F7587&numfiche=485&mode=3&ecran=0&offset=4 Hic legere potes]</ref>, paulo post [[Gulielmus Xylander]] adnotationibus et castigationibus suis instruxit (Basileae, 1558<ref> ''Dionis Cassii Nicaei, Romanae historiae libri (tot enim hodie extant XXV. nimirum à XXXVI ad LXI. Quibus exponuntur res gestae à bello Cretico usque ad mortem Claudii Caesaris, quae est historia annorum circiter CXX. Nunc primum summa fide diligentiaque de graecis latini facti, [[Gulielmus Xylander|Gulielmo Xylandro]] Augustano interprete. His accesserunt ejusdem annotationes... Additum est Joannis Xiphilini é Dione Compendium, Guil. Blanco Albiensi interprete : quae versio ab eodem Xylandro diligenter est, ubi oportuit castigata. Iidem libri Dionis ac Xiphilini seorsim Graecè quoque eduntur, accuratè ab eodem emendati. Adhaec, rerum & verborum copiosissimus Index'', Basilieae : apud Joannem Oporinum. [https://books.google.com.au/books?id=sL4gVyqazYYC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Hic legere potes]</ref>). Nec tamen omnino praetereundum videtur [[Georgius Merula|Georgium Merulam]] iam circa [[1490]] vitas imperatorum [[Nerva|Nervae]], [[Traianus|Traiani]] et [[Hadrianus (imperator)|Hadriani]] e Xiphilino Latine convertisse<ref>[http://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb11097035_00001.html Hic legere potes]</ref>. * Hodie Xiphilinum cum Dione Cassio apud [[Bibliotheca scriptorum Graecorum et Romanorum Teubneriana|Bibliothecam Teubnerianam]] vel ''[[Loeb Classical Library]]'' commode legere potes. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones operis * 1551 : [[Robertus Stephanus]], ed.; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_ekIq3es2EKcC/ Textus] * 1558 : versio Latina Xiphilini ex editione Dionis Basileensis; [https://archive.org/details/ARes35205/page/420/mode/2up Textus] * 1559 : editio Lugdunensis; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_5O1vr02Im9IC/ Textus] * 1640 : editio Mediolanensis; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_rL6-oEbblagC/page/n5/mode/2up Textus] ; Eruditio * Christophorus Thomas Mallan, 'The Style, Method, and Programme of Xiphilinus' Epitome of Cassius Dio's Roman History', ''Greek Roman and Byzantine studies'' 2013(63) : 610-644 [http://grbs.library.duke.edu/article/view/14699/3901 Hic legere potes] == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} {{Anni vitae|saeculo 10 aut 11|saeculo 11 aut 12|Xiphilinus, Ioannes}} [[Categoria:Auctores Graeci mediaevales]] [[Categoria:Historici Byzantini]] iqos13qg9ss2dru8684sjolwxgvweag 0 267593 3962716 3933652 2026-05-30T21:36:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962716 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Piarista Iskola Kecskemét.jpg|thumb|[[Schola secundaria]] [[Ordo Clericorum Regularium Pauperum Matris Dei Scholarum Piarum|Piaristica]] [[Kecskemét]] in [[urbs|urbe]] [[Hungaria]]e sita.]] '''Educatio secundaria''' duas partes gradus [[Classificatio Normalis Internationalis Educationis|Classificationis Normalis Internationalis Educationis]] amplectitur. Gradus 2 (educatio secundaria inferior) habetur secunda et ultima [[educatio primaria|educationis fundamentalis]] pars, et gradus 3 (educatio secundaria superior) est pars ante [[educatio superior|educationem tertiariam]]. Omnis [[civitas sui iuris|civitas]] [[educatio]]nem fundamentalem suppeditare conatur, sed rationes et appellationes eis unicae manent. Educatio secundaria usitate post sex annos [[educatio primaria|educationis primariae]] fit, atque [[educatio superior]], [[educatio vocationalis]], vel quaestus subsequitur.<ref>[[UNESCO]] 2011 p. 33.</ref> In pluribus civitatibus educatio [[discipulus|discipulis]] annos inter 11 et 16 agentibus [[educatio necessaria|necessaria]]<!--compulsory--> est; educatio autem necessaria<!--compulsory--> usque ad annum 19 in nonnullis extenditur Educatio post [[1989]] putatur fundamentale [[impubes|impubis]] [[iura humana|ius humanum]]. Capitulum 28 [[Conventio de Iuribus Impuberum|Conventionis de Iuribus Impuberum]] dicit educationem primariam liberam et necessariam esse debere, et varia educationis secundariae genera, educatione generali et vocationali non exclusa, omni impubi patere et praesto esse debere. ==Notae== <references/> ==Bibliographia== *Gillard, Derek. 2017. ''The History of Education in England.'' [http://www.educationengland.org.uk/history/ Textus] *Leach, Arthus F. 1915. ''The Schools of Medieval England.'' The Antiquary's Books, ed. Charles Cox. Londinii: Methuen.[http://www.educationengland.org.uk/documents/leach/leach1915.html Textus] {{NexInt}} *[[Accreditatio educationalis]] *[[Declaratio et propositum Vindobonae]] *[[Educatio gratuita]] *[[Educatio inclusiva]] *[[Educatio primaria]] *[[Educatio superior]] *[[Gymnasium]] *[[Iurum humanorum declaratio universalis]] *[[Ius educationis]] *[[Ludus litterarius]] *[[Lyceum (Francia)]] *[[Pactio contra discriminationem in educatione]] *[[Schola praeparatoria]] == Nexus externi == *UNESCO. 2005. ''Secondary Education Reform: Towards a convergence of Knowledge Acquisition and Skills Development.'' *UNESCO. 2007. ''Operational Definition of Basic Education: Thematic Framework.'' [https://www.academia.edu/35248426/UNESCO_OPERATIONAL_DEFINITION_OF_BASIC_EDUCATION_Thematic_Framework Textus] [https://web.archive.org/web/20200722134714/https://docplayer.net/20907481-Unesco-operational-definition-of-basic-education-thematic-framework-december-2007.html alibi] *[[UNESCO]]. 2011. [https://web.archive.org/web/20201126015009/http://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/international-standard-classification-of-education-isced-2011-en.pdf ''International Standard Classification of Education 2011''] *Iwamoto, Wataru. 2005. ''Towards a Convergence of Knowledge Acquisition and Skills Development.'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20210501094350/http://old.unesco.kz/publications/ed/secondary_educatin_reform.pdf Textus]. {{Myrias|Societas}} [[Categoria:Educatio]] [[Categoria:Paedagogia]] [[Categoria:Scholae| ]] tazqynsstjz3zj11l2qo1tjfhlmtq3b 0 279222 3962631 3945594 2026-05-30T13:52:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962631 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Didacus Alvari Chanca''',<ref>"Didacum Alvari Chãca" (cas. accus.): vide [[:Fasciculus:Chanca 1514 title page.jpg|imaginem]]</ref> vulgo ''Diego Álvarez Chanca'' (post annum [[1514]] mortuus) fuit [[medicus]] [[Hispalis|Hispalensis]]. Secundae [[navigatio]]nis [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophori Columbi]] particeps, primus medicorum Europaeorum in [[America|Novum Mundum]] iter fecit. [[Fasciculus:Chanca 1514 title page.jpg|thumb|''Commentum novum in parabolis divi Arnaldi de Villanova'' (1514): titulus.]] Hispali haud natus est sed in regione adiacente, si recte [[Andreas Bernáldez]] ''el Dr. Chanca, médico, vecino de Sevilla'' descripsit;<ref name="Bernaldez" /> etiamsi ad caput epistulae de navigatione ''natural de Sevilla'' scilicet "urbis Hispalis nativus", ad pedem "notarial de Sevilla" rectius legi potest, scilicet "vir notabilis Hispalensis". Anno [[1491]] propter curas regias emolumentum recepit. Censetur autem eo anno neque [[Ferdinandus II (rex Aragonum)|regem]] neque [[Isabella I (regina Castellae et Legionis)|reginam]] curavisse, sed principissam [[Isabella Aragonensis (regina Portugalliae)|Isabellam]], qui in [[Portugallia]]m anno 1490 profecta in matrimonium cum principe [[Alphonsus (Ioannis II Portugallensis filius)|Alphonso]] coniuncta erat. Chanca enim in ''Tractatu'' suo ''de fascinatione'' (anno [[1499]] divulgato) curam [[struma]]tis narravit quam in regem Portugallensem [[Ioannes II (rex Portugalliae)|Ioannem II]], Alphonsi patrem, olim effecisset.<ref>Fide {{qc|id= Varela Bueno (s.d.)}}</ref> Mandatu regum die [[23 Maii]] [[1493]] scripto, titulo salarioque medici regii confirmatis, cum [[Christophorus Columbus|Columbo]] ad [[Indiae Occidentales|Indias Occidentales]] missus est. Ibi infirmitates Columbi nautarumque curavit vulnusque aut verum aut falsum regis [[Guacanagarí]] inspexit: :Aderant doctor Chanca urbis Hispalis vicinus aliusque chirurgus classarius. Admiralis regi Guacanagarí "hi sapientes" dixit "hominum infirmitates curare sciunt" vulnusque illis monstrari postulavit. Guacanagarí sibi placere professus est. Doctor autem eum exire requisivit e domo, quae tam obscura erat ut videre haud potebant ... Chirurgus ergo vulnus detegere coepit. Rex admirali vulnus lapide factum praetendebat; hoc autem crus, mox revelatum et a doctore chirurgoque palpatum, nihil peius quam alterum passum esse videbatur (''Estaban allí presentes el Dr. Chanca, vecino de Sevilla, y otro cirujano de la armada, y dijo el Almirante a Guacanari como eran aquellos sabios para curar las enfermedades de los hombres, que les quisiese mostrar la herida, y él respondió que le placía; para lo cual el dicho Doctor le dijo que sería necesario si pudiese que saliese de casa, porque la casa estaba obscura que no se podría bien ver ... llegó el cirujano, é comenzó de desliarle; estonce dijo el Guacanari al Almirante que era herida hecha con piedra; después que fué desatado, llegáronle á tentar el Doctor y el cirujano, y no tenia mas en aquella pierna que en la otra ...'').<ref name="Bernaldez">{{qc|id= Bernáldez (ante 1513)}}</ref> [[Epistula]] quam ad consilium municipale Hispalense anno [[1494]] misit, non ante annum [[1825]] divulgata, est primarius navigationis Columbianae fons: ante divulgatione nullus auctor usus est nisi Andreas Bernáldez chronista, hic citatus. Res a se gestas et observatas, culturam "[[Indi Americani|Indorum]]" indigenarum, praesertimque res naturales insularum [[mare Caribaeum|Caribicarum]] curiose descripsit. Chanca in patriam reditus, Hispali vivens, plures libros de medicina divulgavit, libros videlicet Latinos de [[alchemia]] et de [[oculus|oculis]], librum Hispanicum ''Para curar el mal de costado'' (1506), commentarium Latinum operis [[Arnoldus de Villanova|Arnoldi de Villanova]] cui titulus est ''[[Medicationis parabolae]]'' (1514). == Opera == * 1499 : {{ec|id= Chanca (1499)|c= ''Tractatus de fascinatione, editus a magistro Didaco Alvari Chanca, doctore atque medico Regis Reginaeque'' }}<ref>Vide {{qc|id= Paniagua (1977)}} pp. 67-80; Fernando Salmón, Montserrat Cabré, "[https://www.academia.edu/1867696/_with_Fernando_Salm%C3%B3n_Fascinating_women_the_evil_eye_in_medical_scholasticism Fascinating Women: The Evil Eye in Medical Scholasticism]" in Roger French et al., edd., ''Medicine from the Black Death to the French Disease'' (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998) pp. 53-84</ref> : Editio fac-simile: ''Libro del ojo, Tractatus de fascinatione''. Valentiae: Vicent García Editores, 2000<ref>Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240910104444/https://www.flg.es/museo/publicaciones-investigacion/publicaciones-museo-biblioteca-lazaro-galdiano/publicaciones-impresas enumerationem editionum fac-simile]</ref> * 1500? : tractatus de [[alchemia]], hodie deperditus?<ref>Fide M. Menéndez Pelayo, ''Obras Completas'' vol. 2 (Matriti, 1951) p. 261, cf. {{qc|id= Varela Bueno (s.d.)}}</ref> * 1506 : ''Tratado nuevo, no menos útil que necesario, en que se declara de qué manera se ha de curar el mal de costado epidémico''. Hispali: apud Iacobum Cromberger : Editio: {{qc|id= Sánchez (1993)}} pp. 177-212 * 1514 : ''Commentum novum in parabolis divi Arnaldi de Villanova ad illustrissimum Archorum ducem''. Hispali: apud Iacobum Cromberger [https://web.archive.org/web/20231212093155/http://dioscorides.ucm.es/proyecto_digitalizacion/index.php?doc=b17836086&y=2011&p=2 Textus] * 1825 : Epistula de navigatione Columbiana. Editio: {{qc|id= Fernández de Navarrete (1825)}} pp. 198-224 ([http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000052618&page=1 imagines 362-388]) == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * ante 1513 : {{ec|id= Bernáldez (ante 1513)|c= Fernando de Gabriel y Ruíz de Apodaca, ed., ''[[Andreas Bernáldez]]: Historia de los Reyes Católicos don Fernando y doña Isabel'' (2 voll. Hispali: Geofrin, 1870) [https://archive.org/details/historiadelosrey02bern/page/26/mode/2up vol. 2 p. 27] }} ; Recentiora * {{CathEnc|03572a|Diego Alvarez Chanca}} * {{ec|id= Fernández de Navarrete (1825)|c= Martín Fernández de Navarrete, ed., ''Coleccion de los viages y descubrimientos que hicieron por mar los españoles desde fines del siglo XV'' vol. 1. Matriti: Imprenta Real, 1825; [http://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000052618&page=1 textus] }} * A. M. Fernandez de Ybarra, "[https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/26153 The letter of Dr. Diego Alvarez Chanca, dated 1494, relating to the second voyage of Columbus to America (being the first written document on the natural history, ethnography and ethnology of America)]" in ''Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections'' vol. 48 (1907) pp. 428-457 {{Ling|Anglice}} * R. H. Major, ed. et interpr., ''Select Letters of Christopher Columbus, with Other Original Documents Relating to his Four Voyages to the New World'' (Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1847) {{Google Books|2wZDAAAAcAAJ|p. 18 sqq.}}; 2a ed., 1870 [https://archive.org/details/selectlettersofc00colu/page/18 pp. 19-71] (editio et versio epistulae de navigatione) * {{ec|id= Paniagua (1977)|c= Juan Antonio Paniagua, ''El doctor Chanca y su obra médica''. Matriti: Ediciones Cultura Hispanica, 1977}} * {{ec|id= Sánchez (1993)|c= María Nieves Sánchez, ed., ''Tratados de la peste''. Matriti: Arco/Libros, 1993 }} * {{ec|id= Varela Bueno (s.d.)|c= Consuelo Varela Bueno, "[https://dbe.rah.es/biografias/17841/diego-alvarez-chanca Diego Álvarez Chanca]" in ''DB~e''}} {{Penna}} * Consuelo Varela Bueno, "Diego Álvarez Chanca, cronista del segundo viaje colombino" in ''Historiografía y Bibliografía Americanista'' vol. 19 (1985) pp. 35-82 == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} * Jorge Adrián Pérez Fuentes, ''[http://repobib.ubiobio.cl/jspui/bitstream/123456789/1712/1/Perez_Fuentes_Jorge.pdf "Scriptum pestilentis": Un análisis comparativo entre lo real y lo imaginario de siete tratados loimológicos hispanos, 1347–1506]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}'' (dissertatio magistralis universitatis Bío-Bío, 2015) {{Lifetime|saeculo 15|saeculo 16|Chanca, Didacus Alvari}} [[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini Renascentiae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Hispanici]] [[Categoria:Medici Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Americae Mediae]] hnby9terlj8qb9iifjyxap2dxaln89g 0 280869 3962745 3466660 2026-05-31T06:41:33Z LilyKitty 18316 de morbu 3962745 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L-1}} [[Fasciculus:Paolo Monti - Serie fotografica - BEIC 6341398.jpg|thumb|[[Mulier|Femina]] convalescens - photographia [[Paulus Monti|Pauli Monti]] [[Decennium 197|annis 1960]] picta]] '''Sanitas restituta''' sive '''sanitas recuperata''' vel '''valetudo a [[morbus|morbo]] confirmata''' est eventus [[salus|salum]] recuperandi. Uso verborum "reconvalescentia" vel "reconvalescere" '''''barbarico''''' [[stigma]] scriptum est <ref>''Kraft's Deutsch-Lateinisches Lexikon'' (1843), Tomus I ad ''Genesen, das''.</ref>. Etiam ''convalescentiam'' nomen vitandi commendatur.{{dubsig}} * [[Restitutio ad integrum]] statum primum prorus recuperandum significat. * [[Remissio (medicina)|Remissio]] deminutionem, interdum reductionem, signorum morbi describit, at ''sine'' sanitate restituta. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Ordo mundi sanitarius]] {{med-stipula}} [[Categoria:Salus|restituta sanitas]] 53lro1r0vu49zlpf7r56l62bcr8msnr 0 283038 3962712 3518767 2026-05-30T20:10:49Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962712 wikitext text/x-wiki [[file:Sieber-kirche.jpg|thumb|180px|Fanum Sancti Benedicti ad Sieber cum organo valde euphono]] [[File:Sankt Benedictus, Sieber, Inneres.jpg|thumb|Interna]] '''Ecclesia Sancti Benedicti''' (Theodisce: ''Benedictuskirche'') est templum [[ecclesia Evangelica|protestanticum]] modestum in vico Sieber [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes|Hertzbergae ad Harthicos montes]] in [[Germania]]. ==Historia== Ista gemma structoria medio in vico erecta erat in genere septentrionali anno 1887 ut opus craticium. Turri altitudo metrorum XXV est, cui horologium anno 1887 incolae libenter addiderunt. Anno 1968 reparatum est ab homine quodam politico ipso. Ambo, ara, pulpitum, subsellia, matronea a lignario conterraneo Carolo Reuper confecta sunt. Vitrea bella atque multicoloria supra altare Carolus Bruns compatriota fecit. Exteriora tecta sunt lapide sectili regionali. Nostris diebus multi rerum constructoriarum periti obstupefiunt simplicitate splendida. Insuper delubro campanae tres emmeleis datae sunt. Cum [[Associatio Esperanticum docentium internationalis]] mense Iulio 2013 in situ congressionem etesiam haberet, liturgia protestantica [[lingua Esperantica|idiomate Zamenhofiano]] in ecclesia hac est celebrata. ==Organum tubulatum== Organum anno 2008 restauratum multas musicae amicos inde allicere potuit. Tunc affabre historico involucro instrumentum musicum modernum cum fistulis multis additum est. Quod concentuum omnium generi utique sufficit. ==Fontes== [https://web.archive.org/web/20151112032425/http://www.sieber-harz.de/20.html Informatio in paginis interretialibus officialibus] [[Categoria:Ecclesiae Germaniae|Sieber]] [[categoria:Saxonia Inferior]] s0lhq97ih1zksl7umpmwrtfb8m18zj9 0 297714 3962758 3962404 2026-05-31T08:34:14Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 3962758 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Hebraica|significatio="ille ridet"|imago=El mundo físico, 1882 "Newton". (4031762190).jpg|capitulum=[[Isaacus Newtonus]], physicus Anglicus}} '''Isaacus''' (''-i, m.'') seu '''Isaacius''' (''-i, m.'') seu '''Isaac''' (''m., indeclinabile'') est nomen et [[praenomen]] masculinum Hebraicum ([[Hebraice]] יִצְחָק,''Yīṣḥāq''; [[Graece]] Ἰσαάκ; [[Arabice]] إسحاق, ''ʾIsḥāq''), "ille ridet" significans (e verbo צָחַק, ''tsaḥaq'', "ridere").<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/isaac Isaac]". {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> == Qui hoc nomen habuerunt == * [[Isaac]], persona Biblica * [[Isaacius confessor]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerunt == * [[Isaacius Aaron]] * [[Isaac Albéniz]] * [[Isaac Asimov]] * [[Isaac Babelʹ]] * [[Isaac Bayley Balfour]] * [[Isaacus Barrow]] * [[Isaacus Casaubonus]] * [[Isaacius Dalmatus]] * [[Isaacius Angelus Ducas]] * [[Isaac Dunaevskij]] * [[Isaac Iudaeus]] * [[Isaac Johnson]] * [[Isaac Jost]] * [[Isaacus Levitan]] * [[Isaacus Newtonus]] * [[Isaacus Oliver]] * [[Isaacus Peral]] * [[Isaacus Rabin]] * [[Isaac Shelby]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[Isaacius Comnenus]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 51jukxqwf5a2zkmzwoke1xjx58decrn 0 304252 3962630 3790817 2026-05-30T13:46:28Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962630 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Dickon Amiss Thomas Mitchell''' (die [[8 Octobris]] [[1977]] natus) est politicus [[Granata (civitas Caribica)|Granatae]]. In [[paroecia Sancti Davidis (Granata)|paroecia S. Davidis]] natus, alumnus est [[universitas Indiarum Occidentalium|universitatis Indiarum Occidentalium]] [[Barbata]]e in insula et [[Schola Iuris Hugonis Wooding|scholae iuris Hugonis Wooding]] [[insula Trinitatis|insulae Trinitatis]]: deinde iuris consultus operam dedit. Dux Congressus nationalis democratici die [[31 Octobris]] [[2021]] electus est; qua factione in comitiis die [[24 Iunii]] [[2022]] victrice, primus minister die insequenti inauguratus est. == Bibliographia == * "[https://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/news/20220624/grenadas-new-prime-minister-sworn-office-urges-unity Grenada’s new Prime Minister sworn into office, urges unity]" in ''The Gleaner'' (24 Iunii 2022) == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20221005195008/https://ndcgrenada.org/leader/ Dickon: the future is now]" apd ''NDC Grenada'' * Melissa Wong, "[https://caribbean.loopnews.com/content/pm-elect-dickon-mitchell-transform-grenada-over-next-15-years PM-elect Dickon Mitchell to transform Grenada over next 15 years]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" (24 Iunii 2022) apud ''Loop'' {{Primi ministri Granatae}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Mitchell, Dickon}} [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]] [[Categoria:Nati 1977]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Indiarum Occidentalium]] [[Categoria:Alumni Scholae Iuris Hugonis Wooding]] [[Categoria:Incolae Granatae Caribicae]] 33f2zrflu0mfc10lnj17ah2zoi7sqd1 0 304457 3962639 3728807 2026-05-30T14:22:03Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962639 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Isad ribbon.gif|thumb|Symbolum texti sensibilizationis Diei internationalis haesitionis linguae]] '''Dies internationalis heasitionis linguae''' est dies internationalis die [[22 Octobris]] quique anno celebratur, ad sensibilizationem et iura humana hominium [[haesitatio linguae|haesitationis linguae]] promovendum et [[praeiudicium|praeiudicia]] et discriminationes abrogandum. Dies anno [[1998]] primum in [[Regnum Britanniarum]] et [[Hibernia]] ludetur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220618063149/https://web.mnsu.edu/comdis/isad7/papers/sugarman7.html International Stuttering Awareness Day]</ref> == Organizationes == Inter [[organizatio]]nes quae Diem pro sunt: *Consociatio Europaea de collegiis heasitionis linguae *Collegium internationale flequentiae *Collegium internationale heasitionis liguae == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://isad.live Situs publicus] (Anglice) [[Categoria:Ritus Octobris]] [[Categoria:Communicatio]] [[Categoria:Iura humana]] g0rlypqnnr4mmo7macnitph2oet5fj2 0 306239 3962757 3819298 2026-05-31T08:28:28Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 3962757 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Hebraica et Graeca|significatio="Deus propitius est" atque "baptista"|imago=Guido Reni (Bologna 1575-Bologna 1642) - Saint John the Baptist in the Desert - RCIN 406111 - Royal Collection.jpg|capitulum=[[Sanctus Ioannes Baptista]]|dies=24 Iunii seu 29 Augusti}} '''Ioannes Baptista''' aut '''Iohannes Baptista''' est [[nomen (proprium)|nomen]] masculinum, quod e ''[[Ioannes (nomen)|Ioanne]]'' nomine [[Hebraice|Hebraico]] ac ''[[Baptista (nomen)|Baptista]]'' nomine [[Graeco]] componitur. Usitassimum apud [[Italia|Italicos]] ([[Italice]] ''Giovanni Battista,'' ''Giovan Battista,'' ''Giambattista,'' et aliae formae)<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/giambattista "Giambattista"]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> ac [[Francia|Francogallicos]] ([[Francice]] ''Jean-Baptiste'')<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/jean01baptiste "Jean-Baptiste"]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> aetatibus [[Barocus|Baroca]] hodiernaque est. == Homines == * [[Sanctus Ioannes Baptista]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Angioletti]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Biot]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Bodoni]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Bononcini]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Castagna]], seu P.P. Urbanus VII * [[Ioannes Baptista Dumas]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Ferrarius]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Fischart]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Gaulli]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Lamarckius]] * [[Iohannes Baptista de La Salle]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Lullius]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Montini]], seu P.P. Paulus VI * [[Ioannes Baptista Morgagni]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Ouédraogo]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Pamphili]], seu P.P. Innocentius X * [[Ioannes Baptista Piranesius]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Ramusius]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Regnault]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Sammartini]] * [[Ioannes-Baptista Santolius]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Sproll]] * [[Ioannes Baptista Tiepolo]] * [[Ioannes Baptista a Vico]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina composita]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 7v9nkhuvtjy3gunrrwqe7l2fxto5hkf 0 306676 3962762 3823315 2026-05-31T09:29:26Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 3962762 wikitext text/x-wiki {{disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Masculinum|origo=Germanica|significatio="animus splendens"|imago=St.Hubert Ottawa St.Patrick RC Basilica.jpg|capitulum=[[Hucbertus Leodiensis|Sanctus Hucbertus]], episcopus Francus, cum cervo|dies=3 Novembris}} '''Hubertus''', vel '''Hucbertus'''<ref>"Hucbertus Episcopus Tiburtinus vixit temporibus Martini Papae an. 945"; Sanctes Viola, ''Storia di Cajo Cilnio Mecenate cavaliere romano'' (Romae 1816): 255 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Storia_di_Cajo_Cilnio_Mecenate_cavaliere/AsmAwpdcQmcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Hucbertus+episcopus&pg=PA255&printsec=frontcover].</ref> seu '''Ubertus''',<ref>''Atti della Accademia pontificia de' Nuovi Lincei'' (Romae 1887): 317 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Atti_della_Accademia_pontificia_de_Nuovi/q9McAQAAMAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Ubertus&pg=RA2-PA317&printsec=frontcover].</ref> est [[Nomen|praenomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine, quod e [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''hugu'' ("mens" vel "animus") et ''beraht'' ("clarus" vel "splendens") ducitur.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/hubert Hubert]". {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Hodie apud [[Francogallia|Francogallicos]], [[Germania|Theodiscos]] [[Anglia|Anglicosque]] utitur (vulgo ''Hubert''). == Homines == * [[Hubertus Colson]] * [[Ubertus Decembrius]] * {{Creanda|fr|Hubert de Givenchy|Hubertus de Givenchy}} * [[Hubertus Goltzius]] * [[Hubertus Heil]] * [[Hubertus Herbreteau]] * [[Hucbertus Leodiensis]] * [[Hubertus Loutsch]] * [[Hubertus Maga]] * [[Hubertus Minnis]] * [[Hubertus Ney]] * [[Hubertus Pierlot]] * {{Creanda|fr|Hubert Robert|Hubertus Robert}} * [[Hubertus Schlebusch]] * [[Hubertus Walterus]] * [[Hubertus Wolf]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] gufv48c5t2eyept9ewhediw6ext0m09 10 308350 3962740 3953877 2026-05-31T04:06:09Z Amansrisus 210245 3962740 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}} |{{Error|Error: Haec formula in subpaginis translatoriis tantum adhibenda est.}} |:<i>{{#switch:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} |ca=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Catalonia.svg|24px]] Això és una traducció al català de la [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pàgina superior]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (segons la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisió {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |de=[[Fasciculus:D-A-CH Flag.svg|24px]] Das ist die deutsche Übersetzung der [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|übergeordneten Seite]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (gemäß [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|Überarbeitung {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |en=[[Fasciculus:English language.svg|28px]] This is the English translation of the [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|parent page]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (as per [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revision {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |es=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|24px]] Ésta es la traducción al español de la [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|página superior]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (según la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisión número {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |it=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|24px]] Questa è la traduzione italiana della [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagina superiore]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (secondo la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisione numero {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |tl=[[Fasciculus:Flag of the Philippines.svg|24px]] Ito ang salinwikang Tagalog ng [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pinagkuhanang pahina]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (ayon sa rebisyon [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|bilang {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |sv=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|24px]] Detta är den svenska översättningen av [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|förälder sida]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (enligt [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revidering {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |ltg=[[Fasciculus:Official flag of Latgale.svg|26px]] Tys ir [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|vacuoku lopys]] tulkuojums angļu volūdā {{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (kai piec [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|puorsavieršona {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |#default=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Rome.svg|24px]] Haec est versio barbara [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|paginae superioris]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (secundum [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|recensionem {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. }}{{#if:{{{postilla|}}}|<nowiki /> {{{postilla}}}}}</i>[[Categoria:Subpaginae translatoriae]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||[[Categoria:Translationes barbarae obsoletae]]}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 3zfkoi9th24wxkelodlnppbfki76w0r 3962741 3962740 2026-05-31T04:07:51Z Amansrisus 210245 3962741 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{#ifeq:{{SUBPAGENAME}}|{{ROOTPAGENAME}} |{{Error|Error: Haec formula in subpaginis translatoriis tantum adhibenda est.}} |:<i>{{#switch:{{lc:{{SUBPAGENAME}}}} |ca=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Catalonia.svg|24px]] Això és una traducció al català de la [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pàgina superior]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (segons la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisió {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |de=[[Fasciculus:D-A-CH Flag.svg|24px]] Das ist die deutsche Übersetzung der [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|übergeordneten Seite]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (gemäß [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|Überarbeitung {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |en=[[Fasciculus:English language.svg|28px]] This is the English translation of the [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|parent page]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (as per [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revision {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |es=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|24px]] Ésta es la traducción al español de la [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|página superior]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (según la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisión número {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |it=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|24px]] Questa è la traduzione italiana della [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pagina superiore]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (secondo la [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revisione numero {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |tl=[[Fasciculus:Flag of the Philippines.svg|24px]] Ito ang salinwikang Tagalog ng [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|pinagkuhanang pahina]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (ayon sa rebisyon [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|bilang {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |sv=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|24px]] Detta är den svenska översättningen av [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|förälder sida]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (enligt [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|revidering {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |ltg=[[Fasciculus:Official flag of Latgale.svg|26px]] Tys ir [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|vacuoku lopys]] tulkuojums angļu volūdā{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (kai piec [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|puorsavieršona {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. |#default=[[Fasciculus:Flag of Rome.svg|24px]] Haec est versio barbara [[{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|paginae superioris]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||<nowiki /> (secundum [[Specialis:PermanentLink/{{{1}}}|recensionem {{{1}}}]]^{&#91;{{Diff|{{NAMESPACE}}:{{BASEPAGENAME}}|{{{1}}}|cur|diff|difftantum=sic}}&#93;})}}}}. }}{{#if:{{{postilla|}}}|<nowiki /> {{{postilla}}}}}</i>[[Categoria:Subpaginae translatoriae]]{{#if:{{{1|}}}|{{#ifeq:{{{1}}}|{{REVISIONID:{{#if:{{NAMESPACE}}|{{NAMESPACE}}:}}{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}||[[Categoria:Translationes barbarae obsoletae]]}}}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 8z6ldn00ofrk7c33lqbtwjz3a2tvka3 0 309279 3962767 3928988 2026-05-31T09:50:20Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 4 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962767 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Foederalizatio Iemeniae'''{{Convertimus}} est proposita [[Iemenia|Reipublicae Iemeniticae]] transformatio e [[civitas foederalis|civitate foederalem]] in [[civitas|civitatem]] coniunctam. Significativis [[oeconomia|oeconomicis]], [[religio]]sis, [[civilitas|politicis]], [[historia|historicis]] dissimilitudinibus inter [[septentrio]]nales et [[meridies|meridianas]] huius nationis partes impulsa, [[foederalizatio]] commune controversumque postulatum fuit, ad solvendos{{dubsig}} [[regio]]nales conflictus, ex unificata natione anno [[1990]].<ref name="Day">A Day, Stephano (Stephen) W. (die 14 Augusti anni 2019). [https://www.mei.edu/publications/future-structure-yemeni-state "The Future Structure of the Yemeni State"] (Anglice). ''Middle East Institute''. Inspectum die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[2023]].</ref> Novissimum foederalizationis propositum e [[Colloquium de deliberatione nationali|Colloquio de deliberatione nationali]] (Arabice الحوار الوطني اليمني) ortum est, cuius finis Iemeniam in regiones sex administrative dividere est, ubi singulae regiones singula gubernia parlamentaque habeant in vicem centralis systematis gubernativi; quia regiones nova constitutione exeunte anno [[2014]] probari exspectabantur. Singulae regiones singula gubernia parlamentaque ad gerendas singulas res habiturae esse praesupponebantur ut gubernium foederale res externas et nationis defensionem gereret. Haec regionalis divisio Iemeniae a [[Colloquium de deliberatione nationali|Colloquio de deliberatione nationali]] probata est, quod participaverunt omnes Iemeniticae politicae et haud politicae factiones et, postquam huius Colloquii resultationes obsignatae sunt, Factio Congressus Generalis Populi et [[Huthi]]<ref name="Huthi">Vide ''Ephemeridis'' percontationem "[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/percontatio.php Abdel-Malek Al Houthi, ducis rebellium Huthorum percontatio]", ubi apparet nomen "Huthi". Die 19 Augusti anni 2023.</ref> hanc divisionem recusaverunt, [[praxicopema]] fecerunt et haec natio in [[Bellum civile Iemeniense (anno 2015 incipiens)|bellum civile]] inducta est.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20180613234330/https://ara.reuters.com/article/topNews/idARAKBN0KQ0B520150117 الحوثيون يخطفون مدير مكتب رئاسة الجمهورية اليمني وسط خلاف على الدستور] (Arabice), ''[[Reuters]]''. [[13 Iunii|Idibus Iuniis]] anni [[2018]]. Inspectum die [[24 Septembris]] anni [[2023]].</ref> [[Fasciculus:Regiones Iemeniae.png|center|800px|Regiones Iemeniae.]] In tabulā inferiori ostenduntur propositae regiones foederales: {| class="wikitable" style="align:left" |+ Propositae regiones foederales |- ! Regio foederalis (Latine) ! Regio foederalis (Arabice) ! Vexillum!! [[Muhafaza]]e |- | [[Regio Adenensis|Adana]]<ref name="Adana">"Adana, Adenium, Adenum, Romanus Arabum Portus" in {{Graesse}}</ref> seu Regio Adenensis<ref name="Adenensis">"Maria ad oras Somaliae spectantia, id est Sinus Adenensis": ''[http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/nuntius.php?id=462 Ephemeris]''</ref> | إقليم عدن || [[File:Flag of Aden Region.svg|frameless|120x120px]]|| [[Adana (muhafaza)|Adana]]<ref name="Adana"/>, [[Abian]]<ref name="Iassonium">[https://ediscovery.qnl.qa/islandora/object/QNL%3A00037534#page/1/mode/1up Arabiae Felicis, Petraeae et Desertae nova et accurata delineatio. Amstelodami, apud Ioannem Ianssonium.]{{Nexus deficit|date=December 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>, [[Muhafaza Lahadiensis|Lahadi]]<ref name="Lahadi">[https://books.google.es/books?id=cssUlVouVDQC&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=Lahadj+oppidulum+in+pago+Belad+Aden&source=bl&ots=NCfziJw4nn&sig=ACfU3U2onT45MCDRMyuDHrtfDQLxnWwcgQ&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjx4-7WuZuCAxUndaQEHWMJAEYQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=Lahadj%20oppidulum%20in%20pago%20Belad%20Aden&f=false Historia Iemanae], ubi dicitur "Lahadj لحج, oppidulum in pago Belad Aden situm, (...). Barthema hanc urbem Lagi, Nieb. et Büsch. Lahadsje pronuntiant (...)".</ref>, [[Dhale (muhafaza)|Dhale]] |- | [[Regio Azalensis|Azal]] seu Regio Azalensis | إقليم أزال || [[File:Flag Of Azal Region.png|120x120px]] ||[[Sanaa (muhafaza)|Sanaa]]<ref name="Seira">Cf. nomina biologica ''[[Seira sanaaensis]]'', ''[[Bucculatrix sanaaensis]]''</ref><ref name="Sanaa et Adenum">Confer [https://web.archive.org/web/20230704125155/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0286b.html articulum de Arabiā apud Lexicum Universale Hofmann]</ref>, [[Muhafaza Anran|Amran]]<ref name="Amran">[https://books.google.es/books?id=akljAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA166&lpg=PA166&dq=zaiditae&source=bl&ots=ooYP17114m&sig=ACfU3U1aoaXe6KKPBn72Ric-Qv5qZzoEVg&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjW0dyBqZuCAxUIVaQEHQ55CCQQ6AF6BAgWEAM#v=onepage&q=Amran&f=false Historia Iemanae, e codice manuscripto arabico], ubi dicitur "23. Amran, pars provincia Haschid u Bekil (...)"</ref>, [[Dammer (muhafaza)|Dammer]]<ref name="Iassonium"/>, [[Muhafaza Saada|Saada]]<ref name="Saada">[https://books.google.es/books?id=GzFeFtORzJkC&pg=PA216&lpg=PA216&dq=Saada+urbs+in+septentrionali+Jemanae&source=bl&ots=DrX6Yv63Ud&sig=ACfU3U2kxQEwPk8NpfitFf0-U39Jw04B2A&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2nPnZzpuCAxX2XqQEHagKBrsQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Saada%20urbs%20in%20septentrionali%20Jemanae&f=false Historia Jemanae sub Hasano Pascha], ubi dicitur "SAADA صعدة. Urbs in septentrionali Jemanae parte celebratissima et notissima (...)".</ref> |- | [[Regio Chatramotita|Chatramotitae]]<ref name="Chatramotitae">Vide [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadramout_Region articulum "Hadramout Region" apud Vicipaediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The Greeks and Romans mentioned Hadramout with some distortion. Eratosthenes referred to it as (Latin: ''Chatramotitae'') ".</ref> seu Regio Chatramotita<ref name="Chatramotitae"/> seu [[Chatramitis (Regio)|Chatramitis]]<ref name="Chatramitis">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20231006233040/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0827b.html "Chatramitis" apud Lexicon Universale Hofmann].</ref> seu [[Adrramyta (regio)|Adrramyta]]<ref name="Adrramyta">Theophrastus: ''Historia Plantarum''. 9,4. Vide etiam articulum Vicipaediae Anglicae de hoc regno, ubi dicitur "Theophrastus gives the name Άδρραμύτα, a direct transcription of the Semitic name into Greek".</ref> seu [[Xaeli]]<ref name="Imperium Turcicum">[https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d0/Imperium_Turcicum_in_Europa%2C_Asia_Et_Africa.jpg Imperium Turcicum in Europā, Asiā et Africā] ab Ioanne Baptistae Homanni Noribergae.</ref> seu [[Hadramuttae]]<ref name="Imperium Turcicum"/> | إقليم حضرموت || || [[Chatramitis (muhafaza)|Chatramitis]]<ref name="Chatramitis"/>, [[Almahra]], [[Shabwa (muhafaza)|Shabwa]], [[Dioscoridis Insula]]<ref name="Dioscoridis">Vide lemma "[https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof2/s0079b.html Dioscoridis Ins. apud Lexicon Universale Hofmann], ubi dicitur "DIOSCORIDIS Ins. ''Zocotora''; in Afr. in mari Azanio, ubi definit Erythraeum (...)".</ref> |- | [[Dzanad (regio)|Dzanad]] | إقليم الجند || || [[Taizzum (regio)|Taizzum]]<ref name="Taizzum">[https://books.google.es/books?id=GzFeFtORzJkC&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=Taizzum+quum+in+hujus&source=bl&ots=DrX6Yv52Ug&sig=ACfU3U327TSgjYl0_Kv8pXtFEYZ7eXf2mA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP6PrOypuCAxXaUqQEHV5cBHQQ6AF6BAgkEAM#v=onepage&q=Taizzum%20quum%20in%20hujus&f=false Historia Jemanae sub Hasano Pascha], ubi dicitur "TAIZZUM تعز. Quum in hujus nobilissimae urbis scriptione plurimum a se invicem dissentiant eruditi (...). Taizzum castellum magnum in Jemana (...)".</ref>, [[Ype (muhafaza)|Ype]]<ref name="Iassonium"/>, |- | [[Saba (regio)|Saba]]<ref name="Saba">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241126221544/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0128a.html "Saba" apud Lexicon Universale Hofmann].</ref> seu Regio Sabaea<ref name="Sabaei">Vide [http://micmap.org/dicfro/search/gaffiot/Sabaei "Sabaei" apud Gaffiot].</ref> | إقلم سبأ || || [[Mariaba (muhafaza)|Mariaba]]<ref name="Mariaba">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20230726132051/https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof3/s0067b.html "Mariaba" apud Lexicon Universale Hofmann.]</ref>, [[Albaida (muhafaza)|Albaida]]<ref name="Albaida">Confer homonymam urbem [[Libya|Libycam]] [[Albaida]]m.</ref>, [[Muhafaza Diofa|Diofa]]<ref name="Diofa">[https://books.google.es/books?id=GzFeFtORzJkC&pg=PA210&lpg=PA210&dq=Djofa+Provincia+Jemanae+magna&source=bl&ots=DrX6Yv72Qa&sig=ACfU3U0gErazDlWWvGvU3uAI90oMR3agJA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiMuM7y0ZuCAxXJTaQEHVE0BA0Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Djofa%20Provincia%20Jemanae%20magna&f=false Historia Jemanae sub Hasano Pascha], ubi dicitur "DJOFA الجوف. Provincia Jemanae magna (...)".</ref> |- | [[Theama (regio)|Theama]]<ref name="Iassonium"/> seu [[Tehama (regio)|Tehama]]<ref name="Imperium Turcicum"/> seu Regio Theama<ref name="Iassonium"/> | إقليم تهامة || || [[Adedou Kome]]<ref name="APITRS">[https://www.ancientportsantiques.com/the-catalogue/red-sea/ Ancient Ports in the Red Sea],</ref>, [[Raima (muhafaza)|Raima]]<ref name="Raima">[https://books.google.es/books?id=GzFeFtORzJkC&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=raima+%22memoratur%22&source=bl&ots=DrX6Yv4ZPi&sig=ACfU3U33BbhWBHAdW3JRn8Z1DNsFjM4XSA&hl=es&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGyersxJuCAxU4QaQEHS7bD2oQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=snippet&q=rema%20&f=false Historia Jemanae sub Hasano Pascha], ubi dicitur "Raima ريمة. Memoratur a Niebuhrio vicus Rema paululum a meridie Sanaae situs et provincia Rema (...)".</ref>, [[Muhafaza Almahwitensis|Almahwit]] , [[Hadza (muhafaza)|Hadza]] |} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Iemenia]] rsvxchs3t2obeffslt8xp4alknll659 0 310224 3962729 3809154 2026-05-31T02:40:29Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962729 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Eugenius A. Delcroix''', praenomine vulgari ''Eugene'' (anno [[1891]] natus; mortuus anno [[1967]]) fuit photographus. [[Nova Aurelia|Novae Aureliae]] habitavit ibidemque laboravit. Partim Novae Aureliae educatus est sed partim {{Creanda|en|Grand Isle, Louisiana|Insula Grandis|Insula Grandi}} ubi mater magistra scholarum meruit. Anno [[1914]] Amatam Bienvenu in matrimonium duxit. Photographus effigierum meruit iuxta societates ''C. Bennette Moore Studio'' et ''Anthony H. Hitchler'' et interdum iussu societatum commercialium imagines ad divulgandum fecit, sed praecipue ob despectus "molles" architecturae antiquioris Neo-Aurelianensis celebrabatur. Alibi nunquam operam dedit, sed imagines eius Neo-Aurelianenses alibi nonnumquam exponebantur. Florilegium imaginum architecturalium Novae Aureliae anno [[1938]] divulgari iussit, praefatione historici [[Stanley Clisby Arthur]] munitum; eodem anno aliquae imagines ab eo factae in libellis ''Pencil Points'' editae sunt. Negativa photographica semper vitrea fecit. Collectio negativorum vitreorum plus quam quinque milia post mortem eius ad Collectum Novae Aureliae Historicum a nepote Ioël Jurgens et nepte Maria Ludovica La Noue data est. == Bibliographia == * Necrologia in ''New Orleans Times-Picayune'' (11 Aprilis 1967) * "[https://usmodernist.org/PA/PP-1938-04.pdf A portfolio of 16 photographic studies by Eugene A. Delcroix of New Orleans and its environs]" in ''Pencil Points'' (1938 no. 4) pp. 205–219 * [[Stanley Clisby Arthur]], ed., ''[https://archive.org/details/patios00delc/ Patios, stairways and iron-lace balconies of old New Orleans: a series of photographs by Eugene A. Delcroix]''. Novae Aureliae: Harmanson, 1938 * John H. Lawrence, "[https://www.hnoc.org/sites/default/files/quarterly/Quarterly_1992_39_Summer.pdf Eugene Delcroix, master of the soft-focus lens]" in ''Historic New Orleans Collection Quarterly'' vol. 10 no. 3 (1992) p. 9 * John H. Lawrence, Jude Solomo et al., "[https://www.hnoc.org/sites/default/files/quarterly/Quarterly_1994_45_Winter.pdf Through a Lens Softly: The Photographs of Eugene Delcroix]" in ''Historic New Orleans Collection Quarterly'' (1994 no. 12) p. 2 sqq. == Nexus externi == ; Collectus publici * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20220419233540/https://louisianadigitallibrary.org/islandora/object/hnoc-delcroix:collection Eugene A. Delcroix Photograph Collection]" apud ''Louisiana Digital Library'' * "[https://emuseum.mfah.org/people/13306/eugene-a-delcroix/objects Eugene A. Delcroix]" apud ''Museum of Fine Arts, Houston'' * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20231227142248/https://collections.lacma.org/node/161247 Eugene Delcroix]" apud ''LACMA'' ; Varia * "[https://mirrorwithamemory.wordpress.com/2012/02/20/eugene-a-delcroix-new-orleans-photographer/ Eugene A. Delcroix, New Orleans Photographer]" apud ''Mirror with a Memory'' * "[https://www.instagram.com/p/CGKuGcRArUt/ A Eugene A. Delcroix Photograph]" apud ''Instagram'' * [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/83357286/marie-delcroix Marie Mandin Delcroix] (mater photographi) apud ''Find a grave'' [[Categoria:Photographi Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Nati 1891]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1967]] [[Categoria:Incolae Novae Aureliae]] 4uhgxcpl16t4k7myjq9ye11kz63v8fq 10 312496 3962735 3953899 2026-05-31T03:39:05Z Amansrisus 210245 3962735 wikitext text/x-wiki <noinclude>Hae sunt interpretationes vernaculae formulae {{Fn|{{BASEPAGENAME}}}}: {{Pagella|1=</noinclude> ; [[Image:Flag of Catalonia.svg|24px|Català|link=]] Català : No hi ha cap article a la Viquipèdia en llatí que enllaci amb aquest. Si us plau, aneu a una pàgina relacionada amb el tema i afegiu-hi un enllaç que dirigeixi el lector cap aquí. Un cop ho hagueu fet, podreu [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|esborrar]] la plantilla. ; [[Image:German-Language-Flag.svg|24px|Deutsch|link=]] Deutsch : Kein anderer Artikel der lateinischen Vicipaedia verweist auf diesen. Bitte füge in einem nahverwandten Artikel einen Verweis hierhin ein. Sobald dies geschehen ist, kann diese Vorlage [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|entfernt]] werden. ; [[Image:English language.svg|24px|English|link=]] English : No other page on the Latin Vicipaedia links to this. Please go to a closely related page and insert a link pointing here. Once that is done, this header can be [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|deleted]]. ; [[Image:Flag of Spain.svg|24px|Español|link=]] Español : No hay artículo en la Wiquipedia en latín (''Vicipaedia'') que enlce aquí. Por favor, vaya a una página relacionada con el tema e inserte un enlace aquí. Cuando esté hecho, se [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|borrará]] la plantilla. ; [[File:Flag of Esperanto.svg|24px|Esperanto|link=]] Esperanto : Neniu alia paĝo de la latinlingva Vikipedio havas ligilon al tiu ĉi paĝo. Bonvolu iri al teme proksima artikolo kaj meti ligilon tien ĉi. Poste vi rajtas [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|forigi]] la atentigilon pri ligilmalĉeesto. ; [[File:Italian language.svg|24px|Italiano|link=]] Italiano : Nessun'altra pagina su Wikipedia Latina si collega a questo articolo. Per favore, va' a una pagina strettamente correlata e inserisci un link che punta qui, dopodiché [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|cancella]] questa intestazione. ; [[File:Official_flag_of_Latgale.svg|24px|Latgaļu|link=]] Latgaļu : Nivīna cyta lopa latiņu volūdys Vikipedeja nasaite iz itū. Lyudzu, īt iz cīši radnīceigu lopu i īlikt saiti, kas nūruoda iz iteini. Kod tys ir padareits, itū golvonū var [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|izdzēst]]. ; [[File:Flag of Sweden.svg|24px|Svenska|link=]] Svenska : Ingen annan sida på Wikipedia på Latin länkar till den här sidan. Gå till en sida med nära anknytning och lägg in en länk som pekar hit. När det är gjort kan den här rubriken [[Special:EditPage/{{FULLPAGENAME}}|raderad]]. <includeonly>{{Nexuli recensorii|Formula:Pagina non annexa/barbarice|style=float: right;}}</includeonly><noinclude>}} [[Categoria:Paginae plurilingues|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> d2j80e4smcxyznk4xpqfdo0841h1fal 0 314247 3962628 3962551 2026-05-30T13:29:32Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962628 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Petrus''', vulgo ''Pedro'' '''de Cieza de León'''<ref>"Pedro de Cieça de Leon, vecino de Sevilla" in titulo primi voluminis (auctore etiam vivente) legitur, vide imaginem nostram; taliter et in subscriptione, vide imaginem. Sunt qui "Pedro Cieza de Leon", praepositione omissa, scribunt</ref> ([[Llerena]] in urbe [[Extremadura (Hispania)|Extremadura]]e anno fere [[1521]] natus; [[Hispalis|Hispali]] mortuus die [[2 Iulii]] [[1554]]), inter [[conquisitatores Hispanici|conquisitatores]] [[America Australis|Americae Australis]], fuit [[historicus|rerum gestarum aevi sui scriptor]]. Operis eius, titulo simplici ''[[Crónica del Perú|Chronica del Peru]]'', prima pars tantum Hispali anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prodit. Patre Lope de León, matre Leonor de Cazalla, annum tredecimum agens [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1535]] in navem conscendit iterque Oceanicum usque in Americam fecit. Iuxta [[Carthago Indiarum|Carthaginem Indiarum]] versatus est: inde particeps fuit expeditionum plurum in ea regione, quae hodie [[Columbia]] nuncupatur. Deinde [[Lima|urbem regum]] in [[Peruvia]] anno [[1548]] petivit; post tres annos Hispalim reditus est uxoremque duxit Isabel López. Ibi anno 1554 mortuus est, volumine primo operis historici nuper impresso. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Primae editiones operis {{Main|Crónica del Perú#Bibliographia}} * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti, 1877 [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez, 1877; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández, 1880; [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima, 1987 ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * Luis Garraín Villa, "La familia conversa de Pedro Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 97-114 * Luís Garraín Villa, "[https://chdetrujillo.com/pedro-de-cieza-de-leon-en-llerena/ Pedro de Cieza de León en Llerena]" (1988) apud ''CHDE Trujillo'' * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease, praef., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Biblioteca Peruana, 1986 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} {{Fontes biographici}} * "[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/11119-pedro-cieza-de-leon Pedro de Cieza de León]" in ''Historia hispanica'' * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] {{Anni vitae|1521|1554|Cieza de Leon, Petrus de}} [[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]] [[Categoria:Milites Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]] 1iyidyy92a5v3rsgtt9lqcw77gqu7pg 3962641 3962628 2026-05-30T14:24:37Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3962641 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Petrus''', vulgo ''Pedro'' '''de Cieza de León'''<ref>"Pedro de Cieça de Leon, vecino de Sevilla" in titulo primi voluminis (auctore etiam vivente) legitur, vide imaginem nostram; taliter et in subscriptione, vide imaginem. Sunt qui "Pedro Cieza de Leon", praepositione omissa, scribunt</ref> ([[Llerena]] in urbe [[Extremadura (Hispania)|Extremadura]]e anno fere [[1521]] natus; [[Hispalis|Hispali]] mortuus die [[2 Iulii]] [[1554]]), inter [[conquisitatores Hispanici|conquisitatores]] [[America Australis|Americae Australis]], fuit [[historicus|rerum gestarum aevi sui scriptor]]. Operis eius, titulo simplici ''[[Crónica del Perú|Chronica del Peru]]'', prima pars tantum Hispali anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prodit. Patre Lope de León, matre Leonor de Cazalla, annum tredecimum agens [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1535]] in navem conscendit iterque Oceanicum usque in Americam fecit. Iuxta [[Carthago Indiarum|Carthaginem Indiarum]] versatus est: inde particeps fuit expeditionum plurum in ea regione, quae hodie [[Columbia]] nuncupatur. Deinde [[Lima|urbem regum]] in [[Peruvia]] anno [[1548]] petivit; post tres annos Hispalim reditus est uxoremque duxit Isabel López. Ibi anno 1554 mortuus est, volumine primo operis historici nuper impresso. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Primae editiones operis {{Main|Crónica del Perú#Bibliographia}} * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti, 1877 [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez, 1877; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández, 1880; [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1987 (sunt qui 1989) ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * F. Cantú, ''Pedro Cieza de León e il ”Descubrimiento y Conquista del Perú”: edición y estudio preliminar''. Romae: Istituto Storico Italiano per l’eta Moderna e Contemporanea, 1979 * W. Espinoza Soriano, "Pedro de Cieza de León" in ''Biblioteca de hombres del Perú'' 2a ser. vol. 12 (1964) pp. 5-65 * Luis Garraín Villa, "La familia conversa de Pedro Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 97-114 * Luís Garraín Villa, "[https://chdetrujillo.com/pedro-de-cieza-de-leon-en-llerena/ Pedro de Cieza de León en Llerena]" (1988) apud ''CHDE Trujillo'' * Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, "Estudio preliminar" et "Apéndices" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito'' (Matriti: M. G. Hernandez, 1877) [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * P. R. León, "Algunas observaciones sobre Pedro Cieza De León y la Crónica del Perú" in ''Biblioteca Románica Hispánica'' (1973) pp. 13-25 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Miguel Maticorena Estrada, "Cieza de León en Sevilla y su muerte en 1554: documentos" in ''Anuario de Estudios Americanos'' vol. 12 (1955) pp. 615-674 * Miguel Maticorena Estrada, "Contrato para la primera edición de Sevilla, con una nota" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónica del Perú. Primera parte'' (Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1986. 2a ed.), pp. xlviii-l * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "Cieza de León almagrista: apuntes de Raúl Porras a los libros sobre las guerras civiles del Perú" in ''Libro Homenaje a Aurelio Miró Quesada Sosa'' (Lima, 1987) vol. 2 pp. 667-673 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "La aventura andina de Cieza de León" in ''Las Crónicas y los Andes'' (Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1995) pp. 191-226 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "Estudio preliminar" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónica del Perú: el señorio de los Incas. Selección'' (Ayacucho, 2005) pp. ix-xxxiv; [https://web.archive.org/web/20160705182637/https://biblioteca.org.ar/libros/211665.pdf Textus] * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen et al., ed., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Banco de Crédito del Perú, 1986 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} {{Fontes biographici}} * "[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/11119-pedro-cieza-de-leon Pedro de Cieza de León]" in ''Historia hispanica'' * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] {{Anni vitae|1521|1554|Cieza de Leon, Petrus de}} [[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]] [[Categoria:Milites Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]] lbn1sm0jcyyos1bigudg76142b2lqto 3962642 3962641 2026-05-30T14:25:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962642 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Petrus''', vulgo ''Pedro'' '''de Cieza de León'''<ref>"Pedro de Cieça de Leon, vecino de Sevilla" in titulo primi voluminis (auctore etiam vivente) legitur, vide imaginem nostram; taliter et in subscriptione, vide imaginem. Sunt qui "Pedro Cieza de Leon", praepositione omissa, scribunt</ref> ([[Llerena]] in urbe [[Extremadura (Hispania)|Extremadura]]e anno fere [[1521]] natus; [[Hispalis|Hispali]] mortuus die [[2 Iulii]] [[1554]]), inter [[conquisitatores Hispanici|conquisitatores]] [[America Australis|Americae Australis]], fuit [[historicus|rerum gestarum aevi sui scriptor]]. Operis eius, titulo simplici ''[[Crónica del Perú|Chronica del Peru]]'', prima pars tantum Hispali anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prodit. Patre Lope de León, matre Leonor de Cazalla, annum tredecimum agens [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1535]] in navem conscendit iterque Oceanicum usque in Americam fecit. Iuxta [[Carthago Indiarum|Carthaginem Indiarum]] versatus est: inde particeps fuit expeditionum plurum in ea regione, quae hodie [[Columbia]] nuncupatur. Deinde [[Lima|urbem regum]] in [[Peruvia]] anno [[1548]] petivit; post tres annos Hispalim reditus est uxoremque duxit Isabel López. Ibi anno 1554 mortuus est, volumine primo operis historici nuper impresso. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Primae editiones operis {{Main|Crónica del Perú#Bibliographia}} * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti, 1877 [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez, 1877; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández, 1880; [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textus] * Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 1987 (sunt qui 1989) ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * F. Cantú, ''Pedro Cieza de León e il ”Descubrimiento y Conquista del Perú”: edición y estudio preliminar''. Romae: Istituto Storico Italiano per l’eta Moderna e Contemporanea, 1979 * W. Espinoza Soriano, "Pedro de Cieza de León" in ''Biblioteca de hombres del Perú'' 2a ser. vol. 12 (1964) pp. 5-65 * Luis Garraín Villa, "La familia conversa de Pedro Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 97-114 * Luís Garraín Villa, "[https://chdetrujillo.com/pedro-de-cieza-de-leon-en-llerena/ Pedro de Cieza de León en Llerena]" (1988) apud ''CHDE Trujillo'' * Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, "Estudio preliminar" et "Apéndices" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito'' (Matriti: M. G. Hernandez, 1877) [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * P. R. León, "Algunas observaciones sobre Pedro Cieza De León y la Crónica del Perú" in ''Biblioteca Románica Hispánica'' (1973) pp. 13-25 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Miguel Maticorena Estrada, "Cieza de León en Sevilla y su muerte en 1554: documentos" in ''Anuario de Estudios Americanos'' vol. 12 (1955) pp. 615-674 * Miguel Maticorena Estrada, "Contrato para la primera edición de Sevilla, con una nota" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónica del Perú. Primera parte'' (Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y Academia Nacional de la Historia, 1986. 2a ed.), pp. xlviii-l * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "Cieza de León almagrista: apuntes de Raúl Porras a los libros sobre las guerras civiles del Perú" in ''Libro Homenaje a Aurelio Miró Quesada Sosa'' (Lima, 1987) vol. 2 pp. 667-673 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "La aventura andina de Cieza de León" in ''Las Crónicas y los Andes'' (Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1995) pp. 191-226 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "Estudio preliminar" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónica del Perú: el señorio de los Incas. Selección'' (Ayacucho, 2005) pp. ix-xxxiv; [https://web.archive.org/web/20160705182637/https://biblioteca.org.ar/libros/211665.pdf Textus] * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen et al., ed., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Banco de Crédito del Perú, 1986 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} {{Fontes biographici}} * "[https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/biografias/11119-pedro-cieza-de-leon Pedro de Cieza de León]" in ''Historia hispanica'' * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] {{Anni vitae|1521|1554|Cieza de Leon, Petrus de}} [[Categoria:Auctores Hispanici]] [[Categoria:Milites Hispaniae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Hispaniae]] dlausqf3eioajl2gmdtu1d381364sow 0 316140 3962769 3962367 2026-05-31T09:51:52Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 3962769 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est '''index cognominum [[Anglice|Anglicorum]]''' in nostris commentationibus perscriptorum. Adde quae invenias. == De hoc indice == * ''italic'' . . . est forma Latina cognominis. * * . . . est alia forma Anglica. {{div col|4}} === A === * [[Anderson]] * ''[[Andersonius]]'' * ''[[Andersonus]]'' * [[Angus]] * [[Armstrong]] * ''[[Armstrongius]]'' * ''[[Ashleia]]'' * ''[[Ashleius]]'' * [[Ashley]] * [[Ashton]] * ''[[Ashtonius]]'' === B === * [[Bailey]] * [[Barry]] * [[Benson]] * ''[[Bensonius]]'' * [[Beverly]] * [[Beverley]]* * [[Blake]] * ''[[Blakius]]'' * ''[[Bolena (cognomen)|Bolena]]'' * ''[[Bolenus]]'' * [[Boleyn]] * [[Bradford]] * ''[[Bradfordius]]'' * ''[[Bradfordus]]'' * ''[[Bradleius]]'' * [[Bradley]] * ''[[Bradlius]]'' * [[Brandon]] * ''[[Brandonus]]'' * [[Brett]] * [[Brody]] * [[Burton]] * ''[[Burtonius]]'' * ''[[Burtonus]]'' === C === * [[Cameron]] * ''[[Cameronus]]'' * [[Carter]] * [[Casey]] * [[Chandler]] * ''[[Chandlerus]]'' * [[Charles]] * [[Chester]] * ''[[Chesterus]]'' * [[Clark]] * [[Clarke]]* * [[Clinton]] * ''[[Clintonia]]'' * ''[[Clintonius]]'' * [[Clyde]] * [[Cody]] * [[Cory]] * [[Craig]] * ''[[Craigius]]'' * ''[[Craigus]]'' === D === * [[Darrell]] * [[Darren]] * [[Dean]] * [[Denzel]] * [[Desmond]] * [[Dexter]] * [[Dixon]] * [[Douglas]] * [[Douglass]]* * ''[[Duglassius]]'' * [[Duncan]] * ''[[Dunecanus]]'' * [[Dylan]] * [[Dwight]] * ''[[Dwightius]]'' * ''[[Dwightus]]'' === E === * [[Eden (nomen)|Eden]] * [[Edgar]] * [[Edison]] * ''[[Edisonius]]'' * [[Edson]] * ''[[Edsonus]]'' * [[Elliot]] * [[Elliott]]* * ''[[Elliotus]]'' * [[Erastus]] * [[Evelyn]] * [[Everett]] * ''[[Everettius]]'' * ''[[Everettus]]'' * [[Ewing]] === F === * [[Fitzgerald]] * ''[[Fitzgeraldius]]'' * ''[[Fitzgeraldus]]'' * [[Floyd]] * [[Ford (cognomen)|Ford]] * [[Fowler]] * ''[[Franclinius]]'' * ''[[Franclinus]]'' * [[Franklin]] * ''[[Franklinius]]'' * ''[[Franklinus]]'' * [[Fraser]] * [[Fulton]] === G === * [[Garrett]] * [[Gary]] * [[Gifford]] * ''[[Giffordius]]'' * [[Glenn]] * [[Gordon]] * ''[[Gordonus]]'' * [[Graham]] * ''[[Grahamius]]'' * ''[[Grahamus]]'' * [[Grant]] * ''[[Grantius]]'' * ''[[Guasintonius]]'' === H === * [[Hamilton]] * ''[[Hamiltonia (cognomen)|Hamiltonia]]'' * ''[[Hamiltonius]]'' * [[Harvey]] * [[Harrison]] * ''[[Harrisonus]]'' * ''[[Hauardus]]'' * [[Howard]] * ''[[Howardus]]'' * ''[[Huardus]]'' * [[Humfrey]] * ''[[Hunfridus]]'' * [[Hunter]] === I === * ''[[Iackson]]'' * ''[[Iacksonius]]'' * ''[[Iacksonus]]'' * ''[[Ieffersonia (cognomen)|Ieffersonia]]'' * ''[[Ieffersonius]]'' * [[Irvine]]* * [[Irving]] * ''[[Irvingus]]'' * ''[[Irvinus]]'' === J === * [[Jackson (cognomen)|Jackson]] * ''[[Jacksonius]]'' * ''[[Jacksonus]]'' * [[Jefferson]] * ''[[Jeffersonia]]'' * ''[[Jeffersonius]]'' * [[John]] * [[Jones]] * [[Joyce]] === K === * [[Keaton]] * [[Keith]] * ''[[Keithius]]'' * ''[[Keithus]]'' * ''[[Kellaeus]]'' * [[Kelley]]* * [[Kelly]] * [[Kennedy]] * [[King]] * [[Kirk]] * ''[[Kirkius]]'' * [[Knight]] === L === * [[Lee (cognomen Anglicum)|Lee]] * [[Lincoln]] * ''[[Lincolnus]]'' * ''[[Lincolnius]]'' * [[Lindsay]] * [[Lindsey]]* * [[Lloyd]] * ''[[Lloydus]]'' * [[Luther (nomen)|Luther]] * [[Lyndon]] * ''[[Lyndonius]]'' === M === * [[Madison (cognomen)|Madison]] * ''[[Madisonus]]'' * ''[[Madisonius]]'' * ''[[Marishallus]]'' * ''[[Marscallus]]'' * [[Marshall]] * ''[[Marshallus]]'' * [[Marvin]] * ''[[Marvinus]]'' * [[May]] * [[Melville]] * [[Melvin]] * ''[[Melvinus]]'' * [[Melvyn]]* * [[Milton]] * ''[[Miltonius]]'' * ''[[Miltonus (cognomen)|Miltonus]]'' * [[Monroe]] * [[Montague]] * [[Morton]] * ''[[Mortonius]]'' * ''[[Mortonus]]'' * ''[[Murraius]]'' * [[Murray]] * ''[[Murrayus]]'' === N === * ''[[Nelso]]'' * [[Nelson]] * ''[[Nelsonius]]'' * ''[[Nelsonus]]'' * [[Neville]] * ''[[Nevillus]]'' * [[Newton (cognomen)|Newton]] * ''[[Neutonus (cognomen)|Neutonus]]'' * ''[[Newtonus (cognomen)|Newtonus]]'' === O === * [[Ogilby (discretiva)|Ogilby]] * [[Osborn]] * [[Osborne]]* * [[Owen]] === P === * [[Parker]] * ''[[Parkerus]]'' * [[Percy]] * [[Perry]] * ''[[Praestonus]]'' * [[Preston]] * ''[[Prestonius]]'' * ''[[Prestonus]]'' * [[Price]] === Q === * [[Quinn]] === R === * [[Ray]] * [[Robinson]] * ''[[Robinsonius]]'' * ''[[Robinsonus]]'' * [[Roosevelt]] * ''[[Rooseveltius]]'' * [[Ross]] * ''[[Rossus]]'' * [[Roy]] * [[Russ]] * [[Russell]] * [[Ryan]] === S === * [[Sampson]] * [[Scott]] * ''[[Seimorus]]'' * [[Sheldon]] * ''[[Sheldonius]]'' * ''[[Sheldonus]]'' * [[Shelley]] * [[Shelly]]* * ''[[Shirleia]]'' * ''[[Shirleius]]'' * [[Shirley]] * ''[[Sidneia]]'' * ''[[Sidneius]]'' * [[Sidney]] * [[Simpson (cognomen)|Simpson]] * ''[[Simpsonus]]'' * ''[[Simpsonius]]'' * [[Smith]] * ''[[Smithus]]'' * [[Sowerby (discretiva)|Sowerby]] * [[Spencer]] * ''[[Spencerius]]'' * ''[[Spencerus]]'' * ''[[Spenserius]]'' * [[Stacey]] * [[Stafford]] * ''[[Staffordius]]'' * ''[[Staffordus]]'' * ''[[Stanleius]]'' * [[Stanley]] * ''[[Stanleyus]]'' * [[Stevenson]] * [[Stirling]] * ''[[Stuarda]]'' * ''[[Stuardus]]'' * [[Stuart]] * ''[[Stuarta]]'' * ''[[Stuartus]]'' * [[Sydney (nomen)|Sydney]]* === T === * [[Taylor]] * [[Tracey]]* * [[Tracy]] * [[Trent]] * [[Truman]] * ''[[Trumanus]]'' * [[Tyler]] * ''[[Tylerus]]'' === V === * [[Vance]] * ''[[Vanceus]]'' * ''[[Vashingtonius]]''<ref>"Martha Vashingtonii uxor fuit mulier alta mente"; ''First Lessons in Latin'' (Philadelphiae, 1846): 120 [https://archive.org/details/firstlessonsinla00broo/page/120/mode/2up?q=Vashingtonii].</ref> * ''[[Vasingtonius]]'' * ''[[Vasintonius]]'' * [[Vaughn]] * ''[[Vesleius (nomen)|Vesleius]]'' === W === * [[Wallace]] * ''[[Wallaceus]]'' * ''[[Wallax]]'' * [[Walker]] * [[Warren]] * ''[[Warrenius]]'' * ''[[Warrenus]]'' * [[Washington (cognomen)|Washington]] * ''[[Washingtonius]]'' * [[Watson]] * [[Wayne]] * [[Weaver]] * [[Wendell]] * [[Wesley]] * [[Weston]] * ''[[Westonia]]'' * ''[[Whitneius]]'' * [[Whitney]] * ''[[Whitneyus]]''<ref>"Orbitolina Whitneyi Carsey"; ''Alma Roma'', ann. XIX, n. II (Romae, mense Februarii 1932): 28 [https://arxlatina.org/pegmata/periodica/almaroma/AlmaRoma.1932.ann19.fasc02.Feb.vat.pdf].</ref> * [[Wilson]] * ''[[Wilsonius]]'' * ''[[Wilsonus]]'' * [[Winston]] * ''[[Winstonius]]'' * ''[[Winstonus]]'' {{div col end}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Cognomen]] * [[Index praenominum]] [[Categoria:Cognomina Anglica|!]] [[Categoria:Indices nominum]] 1tkgfr949zmm5syowwqyvveycw5c52d 0 316258 3962638 3877058 2026-05-30T14:21:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962638 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-3}} [[Fasciculus:Logo-EN-International-Day-of-Human-Fraternity-1.png|thumb|[[Logotypus]] diei.]] '''Dies internationalis fraternitatis humanae'''{{FD ref}} est [[dies]] inter gentes die [[4 Februarii]] quique anno celebrata a [[Conventus generalis (Nationes Unitae)|Conventu Generali Consociationis Nationum]] resolutione 75/200 anno 2020 decreta pro respecto{{dubsig}} [[tolerantia]]e [[religio|religiosae]] et [[fraternitas|fraternitate]] humana.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220208112437/https://news.un.org/en/story/2022/02/1111262 Guterres 'Let us build bridgesbetween the faiths.]</ref> Dies haec primum anno [[2021]] celebrata est, et multi duces [[religio]]num inter eos [[Franciscus (papa)|Franciscus Papa]] et [[Iosephus Biden]] ritum diei participaverunt.{{dubsig}} == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == *[https://www.un.org/en/observances/human-fraternity Situs interretialis diei proprius.] [[Categoria:Nationes Unitae]] [[Categoria:Religio]] [[Categoria:Ritus Februarii]] 4y02v4mjese571172rq1vdtnhui0dap 0 317080 3962625 3887207 2026-05-30T13:01:18Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3962625 wikitext text/x-wiki {{flumen| Dem'janka| [[Fasciculus:Demyanka river Russia, 30 июня 2015, N 59,463098 E 71,055572.jpg|thumb|360px|Dem'janka in fluxu inferiore]] | 1159 | | 155 (167 chm ab ostio) | 34 800 | [[Paludes Vassiuganicae]] | [[Irtis]] | [[regio Tumenensis]], [[regio Omiensis]]}} '''Dem'janka''', melius '''flumen Damiani''' ([[Russice]] ''Демьянка''), est flumen in [[Siberia Occidentalis|Siberia Occidentali]]. In [[Paludes Vassiuganicae|paludibus Vassiuganicis]] in [[Regio Tumenensis|regione Tumenensi]] oritur, circiter 1159 [[chiliometrum|chm]] per [[taiga]]m desertam et paludinosam [[Regio Omiensis|regionis Omiensi]] fluit et in [[Irtis|Irtim]] flumen (cuius accola dexter est) effunditur. Nomen de duce [[lingua Chantyensis|Chantyensi]] ''Nimnjujan'' cepit, quem Russi Damianum (''Dem'jan'') vocabant. In fluxu superiore ''Demjanka Australis'' appellatur. Vicus eiusdem nominis ad ripam Dem'jankae situs est. == Nexus externi == {{fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250818004805/https://verum.icu/index.php?claster=gvr&q=14010700112115300013982 Demjanka] in ''registro nationali aquarum'' {{ling|Russice}} [[Categoria:Flumina Russiae Asiaticae]] [[Categoria:Regio Tumenensis]] [[Categoria:Regio Omiensis]] [[Categoria:Systema Irtis fluminis]] amz75jgm3gjkenhp0bxwxzj2qniasgh 0 321350 3962667 3961972 2026-05-30T15:34:17Z IvanScrooge98 76094 /* */ +pron 3962667 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{audio|Zohran Mamdani.ogg|{{res|Zohran Kwame Mamdani}}}} (natus [[Kampala]] die [[18 Octobris]] [[1991]]) est [[politicus]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]] origine [[Uganda|Ugandica]] [[India|Indica]]<nowiki />que et [[religio]]nis [[religio Islamica|Islamicae]], qui die [[4 Novembris]] [[2025]] [[demarchus]] [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Urbis Novi Eboraci]] electus est.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly4kr8gzr2o "Mamdani seals remakable victory - but real changes await."]</ref> Eius munus a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2026]] coepit. Socius [[Factio democratica (Civitates Foederatae)|Factionis democratiae]] et opinione [[democratia socialis|democratiae socialis]], [[redistributio divitiarum|redistributioni divitiarum]], amplificationi [[subsidium sociale|subsidii sociali]], [[iura minoritatum|iuribusque minoritatum]] favet. ==Vita== Zohran Mamdani [[Kampala]]e in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] Ugandensi die [[18 Octobris]] [[1991]] natus est e familia [[India|Indica]] oriunda, atque anno [[2018]] [[nationalitas|nationalitatem]] Civitatum Foederatarum Americae acquisivit. Alumnus est [[Collegium Bowdoin|Collegii Bowdoin]].{{dubsig}} == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Zohran Mamdani}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250702081752/https://www.zohranfornyc.com/ Situs interretialis Mamdani proprius.] {{Lifetime|1991||Mamdani, Zohran}} [[Categoria:Incolae Ugandae]] [[Categoria:Politici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Novo Eboraco]] afr9cxvy5r2dal2y3fxa653g4tt4v2e 3962668 3962667 2026-05-30T15:34:42Z IvanScrooge98 76094 /* */ 3962668 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{audio|Zohran Mamdani.ogg|{{res|Zohran Kwame Mamdani}}}} (natus [[Kampala]]e die [[18 Octobris]] [[1991]]) est [[politicus]] [[Civitates Foederatae Americae|Americanus]] origine [[Uganda|Ugandica]] [[India|Indica]]<nowiki />que et [[religio]]nis [[religio Islamica|Islamicae]], qui die [[4 Novembris]] [[2025]] [[demarchus]] [[Novum Eboracum (urbs)|Urbis Novi Eboraci]] electus est.<ref>[https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cly4kr8gzr2o "Mamdani seals remakable victory - but real changes await."]</ref> Eius munus a die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2026]] coepit. Socius [[Factio democratica (Civitates Foederatae)|Factionis democratiae]] et opinione [[democratia socialis|democratiae socialis]], [[redistributio divitiarum|redistributioni divitiarum]], amplificationi [[subsidium sociale|subsidii sociali]], [[iura minoritatum|iuribusque minoritatum]] favet. ==Vita== Zohran Mamdani [[Kampala]]e in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] Ugandensi die [[18 Octobris]] [[1991]] natus est e familia [[India|Indica]] oriunda, atque anno [[2018]] [[nationalitas|nationalitatem]] Civitatum Foederatarum Americae acquisivit. Alumnus est [[Collegium Bowdoin|Collegii Bowdoin]].{{dubsig}} == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Zohran Mamdani}} {{Fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20250702081752/https://www.zohranfornyc.com/ Situs interretialis Mamdani proprius.] {{Lifetime|1991||Mamdani, Zohran}} [[Categoria:Incolae Ugandae]] [[Categoria:Politici Civitatum Foederatarum]] [[Categoria:Praefecti urbi Novo Eboraco]] mrzh3eb9b1npnqylrjiprs0607cd1qk 0 321984 3962717 3931785 2026-05-30T23:40:33Z Xqbot 9619 rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Elisabetha Sirana]] 3962717 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Elisabetha Sirana]] axxyns1mv5tfneje8iwqyskniaidj9l 0 324083 3962653 3962524 2026-05-30T14:51:25Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3962653 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities (Ortsgemeinden) in Rhineland-Palatinate.svg|thumb|'''Communia Rhenaniae et Palatinatus''' usque ad gradum ordinationis communis loci ([[Theodisce]] ''Ortsgemeinde'').]] '''Index urbium et communium [[Rhenania et Palatinatus|Rhenaniae et Palatinatus]]''' [[urbs|urbes]] et [[commune|communia]] in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra foederali]] [[Germania|Germanica]] Rhenania et Palatinatu sita continet. Sunt 2300 communia politice libera (e Kalendis Ianuariis anni 2025). Haec ita distribuuntur: * 130 urbes, inter quas ** 12 [[circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''Kreisfreie Städte''), ** 8 urbes magnae circulo subiectae (Theodisce ''kreisangehörige Städte''), ** 13 urbes sine consociatione communium (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Städte''), ** 97 urbes consociationi communium adscriptae (Theodisce ''verbandsangehörige Städte''); * 2170 alia communia, inter quae ** 8 communia sine consociatione (Theodisce ''verbandsfreie Gemeinden''), ** 2162 communia localia consociationi adscripta (Theodisce ''Ortsgemeinden''). Illae 97 urbes et 2162 communia localia ad 129 consociationes communium pertinent, quae administrationem pro communibus sibi subiectis gerunt. == Circuli urbani == {{div col|3}} # [[Augusta Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Trier''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Tréier'')</small> # [[Bipontium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zweibrücken''; [[Palatinice]] ''Zweebrigge'')</small> # [[Caesarea Lutra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaiserslautern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lautre'')</small> # [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Koblenz''; dialectaliter ''Kowelenz'')</small> # [[Francodalia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenthal'')</small> # [[Landavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landau in der Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Landaach'')</small> # [[Ludovici Portus Rhenanus]]<ref name="Bezzel 1845">Bezzel, H. M. (1845). ''Historia Rei Literariae Norimbergensis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshafen am Rhein'')</small> # [[Moguntiacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mainz'')</small> # [[Neapolis Palatinorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Neischdadt'')</small> # [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pirmasens''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bärmesens'')</small> # [[Spira (urbs)|Spira]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speyer'')</small> # [[Wormatia]]<ref>Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/groo001brie14_01/groo001brie14_01_0023.php ''Briefwisseling van Hugo Grotius''], ubi dicitur "Dux Carolus a Wormatia militem mittit tuendo Ascafenburgo."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Worms'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes magnae circulo subiectae == {{div col|3}} * [[Angulisamum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Antunnacum]]<ref>[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]: ''Antunnaco''.</ref><ref>Venantius Fortunatus: ''Antonnacensis castelli …'' Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Auctores antiquissimi, 4.4. Fortunati carminum liber X (de navigatione Childeberti regis).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Andernach''; dialectaliter ''Annenach'' seu ''Annernach'')</small> * [[Bingium]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bingen am Rhein'')</small> * [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Kreuznach'')</small> * [[Idara-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834">Steininger, J. (1834). ''Codex diplomaticus Trevirensis e-archivio et libris manuscriptis'' (Vol. 1). In Commission der Fr. Lintz’schen Buchhandlung.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). J. Hölscher; et : Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1169''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idar-Oberstein'')</small> * [[Lahnstenium]]<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi [[Loganus|Loganum]] [[Rhenus]] suscipit."</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahnstein'')</small> * [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayen'')</small> * [[Neoweda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuwied'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes sine consociatione communium == {{div col|3}} * [[Alceia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alzey'')</small> * [[Bendorffium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646">Merian, M. (1645). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Matthaei Meriani; et: Merian, M. (1646). ''Topographia Palatinatus Rheni et Vicinarum Regionum: Das ist Beschreibung und Eigentliche Abbildung der Vornehmsten Stätte Plätze der Untern Pfalz am Rhein''. Matthäus Merian.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bendorf'')</small> * [[Babardia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boppard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobert'')</small> * [[Bedense Castrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bebuersch'' seu ''Beburig''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Béibreg'')</small> * [[Insula Rheni]]<ref name="Mone 1848">Mone, F. J. (1848). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins'' (Vol. 1). G. Braun'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörth am Rhein'')</small> * [[Iulius Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Germersheim'' seu ''Germersheim am Rhein'')</small> * [[Novae Aquae-Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler'')</small> * [[Rigomagus (Germania)|Rigomagus]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Remagen'')</small> * [[Sentiaca]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sinzig'')</small> * [[Turingum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Nautica]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer: Erster Band. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1205''. Kirchheim & Schott; et: Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schifferstadt'')</small> * [[Viridopolis]]<ref name="Irenicus 1518">Irenicus, F. (1518). ''Germaniae exegeseos volumina duodecim''. Impensis Urbani Regii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünstadt'')</small> * [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wittlich'')</small> {{div col end}} == Urbes consociationi communium adscriptae == {{div col|3}} * [[Adenova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenau'')</small> * [[Algesheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Algesheim'')</small> * [[Angulus Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauterecken'')</small> * [[Anvilara]]<ref name="Böhmer 1849">Böhmer, J. F. (1849). ''Regesta Imperii: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern'' (Vol. 1). Verlag der J.G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Annweiler am Trifels'')</small> * [[Aquae Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888">Peutinger, C. (1888). ''Tabula Peutingeriana: Codex Vindobonensis 324'' (K. Miller, Ed.). Otto Maier Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Breisig'')</small> * [[Aquae Mariaemontanae]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824">Schannat, J. F. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Marmerich'')</small> * [[Aquae Sobernheimenses]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Sobernheim'')</small> * [[Bacaracum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bacharach'' seu ''Bacharach am Rhein'')</small> * [[Bemondula]]<ref name="Stadt Baumholder">Stadt Baumholder. [https://www.baumholder.de/en/our-city/history/ ''History''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baumholder'')</small> * [[Bernicastellum-Cusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905">Marx, J. (1905). ''Geschichte des Armen-Hospitals zum h. Nicolaus zu Cues'' (Vol. 1). Kommissions-Verlag der Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bernkastel-Kues'')</small> * [[Betzdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844">Bärsch, G. (1844). ''Eiflia illustrata, oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Betzdorf'')</small> * [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofelda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenfeld'')</small> * [[Bollenheimum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinböllen'')</small> * [[Brubacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braubach'')</small> * [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaisersesch'')</small> * [[Candela (Palatinatus)|Candela]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kandel'')</small> * [[Castrum Kyllae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburg'')</small> * [[Cattimelibocum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenelnbogen'')</small> * [[Cella ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Zell'')</small> * [[Cochemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cochem'')</small> * [[Contionacum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konz'')</small> * [[Cosla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kusel'')</small> * [[Cuba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cuba]] <small>(Theodisce ''Kaub'')</small> * [[Dada (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dada]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (II ed.). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Daaden'')</small> * [[Dana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dana]]<ref name="Görz II 1879">Görz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. II). Denkert & Groos; et: Goerz, A. (1879). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: II. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahn'')</small> * [[Decia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diez'')</small> * [[Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Dierdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierdorf'')</small> * [[Domus Sancti Goaris]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goarshausen'')</small> * [[Dumno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daun'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae ad Segam]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchen'')</small> * [[Ecclesiopolium Bolandicum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheimbolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerschem'')</small> * [[Ediginhovum]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis'' (Vol. 3). Historischer Verein für Hessen; et; Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Bd. 3 Kopialbuch, II. Teil. Die übrigen Gau- und Marken-Verzeichnisse''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Buchhandlung des Hessischen Staatsverlags.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Edenkoben''; [[Palatinice]] ''Edekowe'')</small> * [[Embasis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Ems'')</small> * [[Emmelshusium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelshausen'')</small> * [[Freinsheimium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freinsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Fränsem'')</small> * [[Gamundium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Gamundium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913?p=249&cq=Ludwigshafen%20u.a.&lang=en ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E - M''].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hornbach'')</small> * [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolstein'')</small> * [[Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Herdorfium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herdorf'')</small> * [[Hermenskeila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermeskeil'')</small> * [[Hillesheimium (Eiflia)|Hillesheimium]] <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hoinga]]<ref name="Becker, Mayer, Prinz & Halpern 2021">Becker, W., Mayer, M. G., Prinz, S. T., & Halpern, J. P. (2021). ''Hoinga: A large and nearby ROSAT-detected supernova remnant''. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 648, A30. doi.org</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Hönningen'')</small> * [[Horium-Grancineshausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhr-Grenzhausen'')</small> * [[Hunnorum Castellum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastellaun'')</small> * [[Indago ad Rivum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hagenbach'')</small> * [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirn'')</small> * [[Landstulia]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landstuhl'')</small> * [[Lincia ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linz am Rhein'')</small> * [[Lupi Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lupi Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wolfstein'')</small> * [[Manderscheidum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Meisenheimium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Meisenheimium]]<ref name="Latomus 1562">Latomus, B. (1562). ''Genealogia d. d. baronum in Meisenheimium et Oberstein''. (Reimpressio a I. Friderico edita, anno 1870, Reuther).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisenheim'')</small> * [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mendig'')</small> * [[Molendinopolis-Kerlecha]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim-Kärlich'')</small> * [[Monasterium Meinfeldiae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münstermaifeld''; dialectaliter ''Meenster'')</small> * [[Mons Ecclesiae (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ferreus (Palatinatus)|Mons Ferreus]]<ref name="Meisner 1623">Meisner, D. (1623). ''Thesaurus Philo-Politicus: Hoc est: Emblemata sive Moralia Politica'' (Vol. 1). Eberhard Kieser seu Enno Koenig.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Mons Tabor]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Montabaur'')</small> * [[Mons Torrentis (Tergum Caninum)|Mons Torrentis]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Stromberg'')</small> * [[Moschela Superior]]<ref name="Schannat II 1824"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obermoschel'')</small> * [[Nassovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nassau'')</small> * [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nastätten'')</small> * [[Neristeinum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nierstein'')</small> * [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerburg''; dialectaliter [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Neierbuersch'')</small> * [[Occidentale Castrum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Occidentale Castrum]]<ref name="Gensicke II 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Westerburg'')</small> * [[Oppenheimium]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppenheim'')</small> * [[Ostowa]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osthofen'')</small> * [[Otterburgum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterberg'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Polch'')</small> * [[Pruma (urbs)|Pruma]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prüm'')</small> * [[Ramsteinium-Mesenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramstein-Miesenbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacum-Babenbacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransbach-Baumbach'')</small> * [[Renneroda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rennerod'')</small> * [[Rensa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhens'')</small> * [[Rocconis Domus]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockenhausen'')</small> * [[Rodalba]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodalben'')</small> * [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selters''; dialectaliter ''Seldersch'')</small> * [[Sancti Goaris Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Goar'')</small> * [[Sanctus Lambertus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Lambertus]]<ref name="Remling 1836">Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Ensslin; et: Remling, F. X. (1836). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambrecht'')</small> * [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saarburg'')</small> * [[Simmera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmern/Hunsrück'')</small> * [[Soiacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweich'')</small> * [[Spicarium (Eiflia)|Spicarium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Speicher'')</small> * [[Tabernae Montanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bergzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Berchzawwre'')</small> * [[Trabena-Trarbachium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Traben-Trarbach'')</small> * [[Turris Alba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Turris Alba]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Weißenthurm''; dialectaliter ''Thur'')</small> * [[Ulmena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ulmen'')</small> * [[Ulmena Inferior]]<ref name="Greule 2021">Greule, A. (2021). ''Die Ortsnamen der Verbandsgemeinde Nieder-Olm''. Regionalgeschichte.net</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Olm'')</small> * [[Unchela]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 1). Wolf'sche Buchdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Unkel'')</small> * [[Valendra]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Vallendar'')</small> * [[Vesalia Superior]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwesel'')</small> * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Villa Moraha]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Waldmohr'')</small> * [[Wachenheimium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Steininger 1834"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wachenheim an der Weinstraße'' seu ''Wachenheim an der Haardt'')</small> * [[Weristadium]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wörrstadt'')</small> * [[Wiridicha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wirges'')</small> * [[Wissena ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wissen'' seu ''Wissen/Sieg'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia sine consociatione == {{div col|3}} * [[Bobenhemium-Roxhemium]]<ref name="Remling Geschichte 1852">Remling, F. X., (1852); ''Geschichte der Bischöfe zu Speyer''. [[Moguntiacum|Moguntiaci]]: Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim-Roxheim'')</small> * [[Bohila et Ugelhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böhl-Iggelheim'')</small> * [[Budenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim III 1839">Binterim, A. J. (1839). ''Pragmatische Geschichte der deutschen Concilien: vom vierten bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts'' (Vol. 3). Moguntiaci: Verlag von Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenheim'')</small> * [[Comitatus (Rhenania)|Comitatus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723">Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive memorabilis et geographica historicaque dominorum eifliae illustrium''. Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptionis comitatus Eifliae''. Typis J.A. Köthen; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive chorographica et historica descriptio comitatus Eifliae''. [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: Sumptibus viduae J. B. Metternich; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis'' (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Maximilianum van den Sande; et: Schannat, J. F. (1723). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ut et antiquitatum Fuldensium; in quo chartae et diplomata omnis aevi, iuraque ac immunitates imperialis abbatiae Fuldensis'' (Vol. 1). Monasterium Fuldense.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grafschaft'')</small> * [[Curia Limburgensis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Limburgerhof'')</small> * [[Hasela (Palatinatus)|Hasela]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haßloch'')</small> * [[Morbachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morbach'')</small> * [[Mutterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterstadt'')</small> {{div col end}} == Communia localia == === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abbatis Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Abbatis Villa]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Abtweiler'')</small> * [[Abentheuerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Abentheuer'')</small> * [[Acta (Eiflia)|Acta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Acht'')</small> * [[Ad Quercus]]<ref name="Pauly II 1974">Pauly, F. (1974). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 8. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 2. Die Stifte St. Severus in Boppard, St. Goar, St. Castor in Karden''. Walter de Gruyter</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neichen'')</small> * [[Adinbachium]]<ref name="Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae II 1770">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae. (1770). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Litterarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Adenbach'')</small> * [[Afflaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Affler'')</small> * [[Agathonis Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Echtershausen'')</small> * [[Ager Fraxineus]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschfeld'')</small> * [[Agitelsbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Achtelsbach'')</small> * [[Agiwaltivilla]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elzweiler'')</small> * [[Agonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehweiler'')</small> * [[Ailertchenium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ailertchen'')</small> * [[Albersweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albersweiler'')</small> * [[Albessenum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albessen'')</small> * [[Albia (Occidentalis Silva)|Albia]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elben'')</small> * [[Albis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Albis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alf'')</small> * [[Albucha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albig'')</small> * [[Albulfi Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Albisheim'')</small> * [[Alflona]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alflen'')</small> * [[Alcana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alcana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alken'')</small> * [[Alchorodum]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elkenroth'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Nava)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellweiler'')</small> * [[Alchovilla (Tergum Caninum)|Alchovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Elchweiler'')</small> * [[Alisontia (Palatinatus)|Alisontia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsenz'')</small> * [[Allenbachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenbach'')</small> * [[Allendorfium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Allendorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allendorf'')</small> * [[Allenfeldium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Allenfeld'')</small> * [[Almersbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Almersbach'')</small> * [[Almuthemarca]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz III 1874">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vol. III. Vom Jahre 1260 bis 1350''. J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ollmuth'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Candelam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Kandel'')</small> * [[Alnetobacum prope Danam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erlenbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Alnetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Alnetum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellerstadt'')</small> * [[Alnetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852">Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia Illustrata: Oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.). Lintz; et: Schannat, J. F. (1852). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Ed.; Vol. 2). Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellscheid'')</small> * [[Alni Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlscheid'')</small> * [[Alpenrodium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alpenrod'')</small> * [[Alsbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsbach'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Eiflia)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Alsdorfium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsdorf'')</small> * [[Alshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alsheim'')</small> * [[Alta Regia (Rhenania)|Alta Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrich'')</small> * [[Alta Ripa (Palatinatus)|Alta Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altrip'')</small> * [[Alta Statio-Dahuna]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstetten-Dhaun'')</small> * [[Alterkulzium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Alterkülz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Allerkilz'')</small> * [[Altum Villare (Rhenaniae et Palatinatus)|Altum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hockweiler'')</small> * [[Alua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleialf'')</small> * [[Ambitus Sigae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Ameslabrunno]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esselborn'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Novum Castrum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Ammeldinga ad Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ammeldingen an der Our'')</small> * [[Amnis Nucum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbach'')</small> * [[Anansdorfa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Onsdorf'')</small> * [[Anara]]<ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberahr'')</small> * [[Angelostadium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Engelstadt'')</small> * [[Angulocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckfeld'')</small> * [[Angulus Franconum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankeneck'')</small> * [[Angulus Ludovici]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigswinkel'')</small> * [[Anhusium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anhausen''; dialectaliter ''Onese'')</small> * [[Anschavia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Anschau'')</small> * [[Ansiacum Mosellanum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensch'')</small> * [[Antiqua Dizuna]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altendiez'')</small> * [[Antiqua Laya]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altlay'')</small> * [[Antiqua Scheida]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altscheid'')</small> * [[Antiqua Villa (Palatinatus)|Antiqua Villa]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altdorf'')</small> * [[Antiquum Boimburgum]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae; et: Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex Diplomaticus: Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Res Germanicas, Et Trevirenses Illustrantia'' (Vol. 1). Academica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenbamberg'')</small> * [[Antiquum Strimmigium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altstrimmig'')</small> * [[Antiquum Widelbachium]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altweidelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Aldweirelbach'')</small> * [[Antweilerium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Antweiler'')</small> * [[Appenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Appenheim'')</small> * [[Appola]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münsterappel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minschtrappel'')</small> * [[Aqua (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Aqua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aach'')</small> * [[Aquae Ferreae (Eiflia)|Aquae Ferreae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670">Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenach'')</small> * [[Aquila (Germania)|Aquila]]<ref name="Brower 1626">Brower, C. (1626). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Officina Libraria Henrici Bock.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Igel'')</small> * [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ara]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenahr'')</small> * [[Arbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arbach'')</small> * [[Arbor Amelonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmelbaum'')</small> * [[Aremontium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aremberg'')</small> * [[Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984">Debus, K. (1984). ''Das älteste Lehnbuch der Grafen von Veldenz: Edition und sprachshistorisch-toponymische Untersuchung''. Veröffentlichungen de Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce '''Oberarnbach')</small> * [[Arenrathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arenrath'')</small> * [[Arftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arft'')</small> * [[Argenthalium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ajedahl'')</small> * [[Ariswancum]]<ref name="Dotzauer 2001">Dotzauer, W. (2001). ''Geschichte des Nahe-Hunsrück-Raumes: Von den Anfängen bis zur Französischen Revolution''. Franz Steiner Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Argenschwang'')</small> * [[Armshemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Armsheim'')</small> * [[Arzbacum]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzbach'')</small> * [[Ardesfelda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arzfeld'')</small> * [[Ardinicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erden'')</small> * [[Arenza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernzen'')</small> * [[Aridum Nemus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dürrholz'')</small> * [[Asbachium (Occidentalis Silva)|Asbachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Aspishemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aspisheim'')</small> * [[Astertium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Astert'')</small> * [[Attenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Attenhausen'')</small> * [[Atzelgiftium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Atzelgift'')</small> * [[Auderathium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auderath'')</small> * [[Audonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Edesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Esem'')</small> * [[Auelium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auel'')</small>. * [[Augia (Tergum Caninum)|Augia]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601">Trithemius, I. (1601). ''Chronicon Coenobii Sponheimensis''. Typis Ioannis Albini; et: Trithemius, I. (1601). Chronicon Sponheimense, ca. 1495-1509. (Ed. Carl Velten, 1969). [[Cruciniacum|Cruciniaci]]: Eigenverlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Auen'')</small> * [[Augia ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Augia ad Prumiam]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Auw bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Augia Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dausenau'')</small> * [[Augia Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterau'')</small> * [[Aullium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Aull'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bachenbergium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bachenberg'')</small> * [[Bacunnum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bekond'')</small> * [[Bademium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badem'')</small> * [[Badenhardia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenhard''; [[Hunnice]] ''Banert'')</small> * [[Badenhemium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Badenheim'')</small> * [[Baldringum]]<ref name="Gnodalius 1570">Gnodalius, P. (1570). ''Seditio repentina vulgi, praecipue rusticorum, anno M.D.XXV. per universam fere Germaniam exorta''. Henricus Petri</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Baldringen'')</small> * [[Bannum (Palatinatus)|Bannum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857">Lehmann, J. G. (1857). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz''. Verlag der Joh. Chr. Hermann'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bann'')</small> * [[Bannberscheidum]]<ref name="Steub 1846">Steub, L. (1846). ''Die oberdeutschen Familiennamen''. Verlag von George Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bannberscheid'')</small> * [[Barae (Eiflia)|Barae]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baar'')</small> * [[Basilica Helperici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helferskirchen'')</small> * [[Baudobrica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdlich'')</small> * [[Baulerum (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Baulerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855">Schannat, J. F. (1855). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica comitatus Eifliae descriptio''. Jacobus Antonius Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae">Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' -secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo- vertit</ref><ref>Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Arvilarensis"</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Baustertum]]<ref name="Schannat 1855"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Baustert'')</small> * [[Bechelum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836">Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: res Trevericas a saeculo X. usque ad nostra tempora illustrans''. Friederich Lintz; et: Steininger, J. (1836). ''Codex principis et metropolis Trevirensis: Res Trevirericas a tempore Romanae dominationis usque ad nostram aetatem''. Typis et Sumptibus F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Becheln'')</small> * [[Bechtrum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtheim'')</small> * [[Beindersheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beindersheim'')</small> * [[Belgica (Germania)|Belgica]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellisch'')</small> * [[Belinga (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Belinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilingen'')</small> * [[Belinga (Occidentalis Silva)|Belinga]]<ref name="Görz 1886">Görz, A. (1886). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol 1 - 4). Verlag von F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellingen'')</small> * [[Bellum (Tergum Caninum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Bellum (prope Mendigum)|Bellum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(prope [[Mendigum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bell'')</small> * [[Beltema]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beltheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Belldem'')</small> * [[Bercilingua]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berlingen'')</small> * [[Bermola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermel'')</small> * [[Bertriacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1988">Gilles, K.-J. (1988). ''Die Entersburg bei Bad Bertrich. Ein "Troja" der Eifel''. Apud ''Jahrbuch für den Kreis Cochem-Zell''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bad Bertrich'')</small> * [[Bettilonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Betteldorf'')</small> * [[Bettinga (Eiflia)|Bettinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettingen'')</small> * [[Betularia-Honigsessenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/><ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885">Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Provinz Rheinland'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus; et: Königliches Statistisches Bureau (Ed.) (1885). ''Gemeindelexikon für das Königreich Preußen: Auf Grund der Materialien der Volkszählung vom 1. Dezember 1885'' (Vol. 12). Berolini: Verlag des Königlichen Statistischen Bureaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birken-Honigsessen'')</small> * [[Betularum Domus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berkhem'')</small> * [[Beyia]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausbay'')</small> * [[Bibaraha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Biewere'')</small> * [[Bibericum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebrich'')</small> * [[Bickenbacum (Tergum Caninum)|Bickenbacum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggebach'')</small> * [[Bidasium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841">Lehmann, J. G. (1841). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz am Rheine''. Caesareae Lutrae: Tascher. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Birressem'')</small> * [[Bifangum Ulonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenbis'')</small> * [[Bilestinum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beilstein'')</small> * [[Billiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Billiacum]]<ref name="Gilles 1985">Gilles, K. J. (1985). ''Die römische Moselbrücke bei Wasserbillig-Oberbillig''. Rheinisches Landesmuseum Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbillig'')</small> * [[Binninga (Eiflia)|Binninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binningen'')</small> * [[Binsfelda (Eiflia)|Binsfelda]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Binsfeld'')</small> * [[Birgelium]]<ref name="Wackenroder 1928">Wackenroder, E. (1928). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Kreises Daun'' (P. Clemen, Ed.; Vol. 12/III). Dusseldorpii: L. Schwann.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Birgel'')</small> * [[Birgesbura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birresborn'')</small> * [[Birtinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birtlingen'')</small> * [[Bitzenum]]<ref name="Königliches Statistisches Bureau XII 1885"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bitzen'')</small> * [[Blatmarisheimum]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). ''About: Lorsch Codex, no. 1234''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochborn'')</small> * [[Blicenhusa]]<ref name="Böhmer IV 2021">Böhmer, J. F. (2021). ''Regesta Imperii III. Salisches Haus 1056-1125. Teil 4: Die Regesten des Kaiserreiches unter Heinrich IV''. 1084-1106. Böhlau Verlag</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pleizenhausen'')</small> * [[Bliswilrum-Superior Curia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/><ref name="BAdW XXXVII 1912">Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (1912). ''Monumenta Boica'' (Vol. 37). [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Akad. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pleisweiler-Oberhofen'')</small> * [[Bochinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böchingen'')</small> * [[Bolandia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bolanden''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bolanne'')</small> * [[Bollanevilla]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollendorf'')</small> * [[Bona Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bona Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutweiler'')</small> * [[Boni Agri]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenacker'')</small> * [[Borlerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Die Karte von 1789'' (Vol. 1 & 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen von 1594. In Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Borler'')</small> * [[Bovina (Nava)|Bovina]] <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> * [[Brachta]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pracht'')</small> * [[Braunshornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunshorn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brousert'')</small> * [[Bredallum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedel'')</small> * [[Breidbachium]]<ref name="Lacomblet III 1853">Lacomblet, T. J. (Ed.) (1853). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 3). Schaub'sche Buchhandlung</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinbreitbach'')</small> * [[Breidena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Briedern'')</small> * [[Bremba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremm'')</small> * [[Bretzenheimum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretzenheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Brätzenem'')</small> * [[Briedina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brieden'')</small> * [[Briminga]]<ref name="Linden 1852">Linden, I. (1852). ''Hierarchia Trevirensis: Catalogus omnium ecclesiarum et cleri dioecesis Trevirensis''. Ex Officina Typographica B. Herder.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brimingen'')</small> * [[Brinichum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brenk'')</small> * [[Brocscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat 1829">Schannat, I. F. (1829). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (G. Bärsch, Tranl.). Mayer. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brockscheid'')</small> * [[Brodenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brodenbach'')</small> * [[Broele trans Rhenum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846">Lacomblet, T. J. (Ed.) (1846). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln'' (Vol. 2). H. Voss.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinbrohl'')</small> * [[Brohla-Luezilinga]]<ref name="Brommer 2003">Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Kanzlei der Erzbischöfe von Trier im 12. Jahrhundert''. Gesellschaft für Mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Inventar des Archivs der Stadt Cochem''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz; et: Brommer, P. (2003). ''Die Inventare der nichtstaatlichen Archive des Hunsrücks'' (Vol. 4). Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl-Lützing'')</small> * [[Bruchamulbacum-Misavia]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchmühlbach-Miesau'')</small> * [[Bruchertseifia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchertseifen'')</small> * [[Bruchwilarius-Berenbacum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler-Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Brucusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchhausen'')</small> * [[Brula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brohl'')</small> * [[Brunswillarium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauweiler'')</small> * [[Bruo]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brey'')</small> * [[Bruscheida]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruschied'')</small> * [[Bruttigum-Fancale]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruttig-Fankel'')</small> * [[Bubacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bobach'')</small> * [[Bubenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Bubenheimium]]<ref name="Brilmayer 1905">Brilmayer, K. I. (1905). ''Rheinhessen in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart''. [[Giessa]]e: Roth.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim'')</small> * [[Bubiacum]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pluwig''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Pluwisch'')</small> * [[Bubonum Villa (Palatinatus)|Bubonum Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bubenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Buwerum'')</small> * [[Bubura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buborn'')</small> * [[Budonis Villa]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Buidonivilla]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Bulenberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buhlenberg'')</small> * [[Bulichum]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beulich'')</small> * [[Bulleia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bullay'')</small> * [[Bundenbachium]]<ref name="Cellarius 1706">Cellarius, C. (1706). ''Notitia Orbis Antiqui, sive Geographia Plenior: ab ortu rerumpublicarum ad Constantinorum tempora''. Gleditsch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Großbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bundenbachum Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinbundenbach'')</small> * [[Bunglum (Mosella)|Bunglum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bengel'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella)|Burgus]] <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (Mosella Inferior)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(ad [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosellam Inferiorem]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burgus (Eiflia)|Burgus]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burg'')</small> * [[Burgus (prope Bernicastellum-Cusam)|Burgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Bernicastellum-Cusam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Marx 1905"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgen'')</small> * [[Burovillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burrweiler'')</small> * [[Burtscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burtscheid'')</small> * [[Buveza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Boos'')</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cabriacum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.schweich.de/ortsgemeinden/koewerich/ ''ORTSGEMEINDE KÖWERICH''], ubi dicitur "(...) Köwerich (...) Bis ins frühe Mittelalter hieß der Ort dann "Cabriacum" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Köwerich'')</small> * [[Cabusvillerium]]<ref name="Frey I 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Statistisch-Historische Beschreibung des königlich bayerischen Rheinkreises'' (Vol. 1). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapsweyer'')</small> * [[Cadena (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cadena]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Westerburg (2024). ''Kaden: Ortsgemeinde im Westerwaldkreis''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaden'')</small> * [[Caefenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaifenheim'')</small> * [[Caela]]<ref name="">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2021). ''Jahrbuch für westdeutsche Landesgeschichte'' (Vol. 47). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Verlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kail'')</small> * [[Caeshofium]]<ref name="Toepke II 1884">Toepke, G. (1884). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Heidelberg von 1386 bis 1662'' (Vol. 2). [[Heidelberga]]e: Carl Winter's Universitätsbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Käshofen'')</small> * [[Cagelenstadium]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772">Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica Gallica'' (Vol. 1). [[Colmaria]]e: Ex Typographia Regia; et: Schoepflin, J. D. (1772). ''Alsatia diplomatica: Aeui Merouingici, Carolingici, Saxonici, Salici, Sueuici'' (Vol. 1). Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kallstadt'')</small> * [[Calcefurnium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalkofen'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Aram)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954">Oediger, F. W. (1954). ''Die Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Köln im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae: Hanstein.</ref> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium (prope Caesariacum)|Calenbornium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(prope [[Caesariacum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn'')</small> * [[Calenbornium-Scheurenum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalenborn-Scheuern'')</small> * [[Caltenengersium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenengers'')</small> * [[Caltenholzhusa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenholzhausen'')</small> * [[Caltum]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kalt'')</small> * [[Camesa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kanzem'')</small> * [[Caminus Picis (Palatinatus)|Caminus Picis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechhofen'')</small> * [[Campenichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempenich'')</small> * [[Campifelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kempfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käfeld'' seu ''Kerf'ld'')</small> * [[Campus Animalium]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Baierorum et Steckweilerum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/><ref name="Widder 1788">Widder, J. G. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 1 ad 4). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bayerfeld-Steckweiler'')</small> * [[Campus Balesii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750">Hontheim, N. (1750). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica''. Apud viduam et filium Joannis Gulielmi Huisch.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balesfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Bonini]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonefeld'')</small> * [[Campus-Bornhofium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Dahlow 1884">Dahlow, V. (1884). ''Das Kapuzinerkloster zu Bornhofen: Seine Geschichte und seine Gnadenstätte''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kamp-Bornhofen'')</small> * [[Campus Caprarum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Curiae (Eiflia)|Campus Curiae]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoffeld'')</small> * [[Campus Dedinis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deudesfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Deisseld'')</small> * [[Campus Eritii]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus et Mons]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkampenberg'')</small> * [[Campus Flammingi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flammersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Friscanis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freckenfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Horrei]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheuerfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Indaginis (Palatinatus)|Campus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Minor (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Minor]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lützkampen'')</small> * [[Campus Pineus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Purus]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schiersfeld'')</small> * [[Campus Speltae]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harspelt'')</small> * [[Campus Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Campus Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dellfeld'')</small> * [[Cana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Caan'')</small> * [[Canapa-Labachium]]<ref name="Bannister 1915">Bannister, A. T. (1915). ''The Place-Names of Herefordshire: Their Origin and Development''. Cambridge University Press.</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knopp-Labach'')</small> * [[Capella (Tergum Caninum)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappel''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kabbel'')</small> * [[Capella (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Capella]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kappeln'')</small> * [[Capella-Drusvillare]]<ref name="Historischer Verein der Pfalz XIV 1890">Historischer Verein der Pfalz (1890). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 14). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone.</ref><ref name="Zeuss 1842">Zeuss, K. (1842). ''Traditiones possessionesque Wizenburgenses: Codices duo cum supplemento''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Libraria Zu-Schannat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kapellen-Drusweiler'')</small> * [[Caperichium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaperich'')</small> * [[Capitalis Cathedra]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauptstuhl'')</small> * [[Caput Rosarum]]<ref name="Frankhäuser-Kandler 2013">Frankhäuser-Kandler, J. (2013). ''Zur angewandten religiösen Emblematik in Kirchen des Pfälzer Raumes''. Ab [[Universitas Ludovico-Maximilianea Monacensis|Universitate Monacensi]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rosenkopf'')</small> * [[Carbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Carbachium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karbach'')</small> * [[Carla (Eiflia)|Carla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karl''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Koahl'')</small> * [[Carolihusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Karlshausen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Korelsen'')</small> * [[Carolobachium Minus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinkarlbach'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Carolomontium]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Charlottenberg'')</small> * [[Carolomontium (Circulus terrae Turingensis)|Carolomontium]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Turingensis|Circulo terrae Turingensi]]<ref name="CTTuringensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Turingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Dürkheim'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Turingensis-e" ad [[Turingum]] refertur.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Carlsberg'')</small> * [[Carpenium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerpen'')</small> * [[Casa Bubonum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börfink'')</small> * [[Casae ad Montem (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Casae ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berghausen'')</small> * [[Casae Beionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Beinhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bennonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bennhausen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bennese'')</small> * [[Casae Bergonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bärjehouse'')</small> * [[Casae Berizonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Bidari]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biedershausen'')</small> * [[Casae Cochleae]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schneckenhausen'')</small> * [[Casae Fabri]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmitshausen'')</small> * [[Casae Faginae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchenbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bischebäjere'')</small> * [[Casbachium-Olenbergium]]<ref name="Oediger II 1954"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasbach-Ohlenberg'')</small> * [[Caschenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaschenbach'')</small> * [[Casdorfium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasdorf'')</small> * [[Caseifelda]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesfeld'')</small> * [[Casella (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Casella]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kasel''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Kosel'')</small> * [[Casloaca]]<ref>Vide: Regionalgeschichte.net (2024). ''Kesseling - Benediktinerpropstei''; ubi dicitur "(...) Kesseling (...) "Monasterium quod vocatur Casloaca" (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesseling'')</small> * [[Castanidum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kesten'')</small> * [[Castellum-Stadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kastel-Staadt'')</small> * [[Castrum Boeckelenheimum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schloßböckelheim'')</small> * [[Castrum Brule]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgbrohl'')</small> * [[Castrum Gaudii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freudenburg'')</small> * [[Castrum Inferius (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Castrum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierabursch'')</small> * [[Castrum Larae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burglahr'')</small> * [[Casturtium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kestert'')</small> * [[Casulae Puerorum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865">Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher; et: Beyer, H. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der mittelrheinischen Territorien: Vom Jahre 1169 bis 1212'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinderbeuern'')</small> * [[Cattibachium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzenbach'')</small> * [[Catzvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzweiler'')</small> * [[Catzvinkelium (Segaha)|Catzvinkelium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(ad [[Segaha]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Causenium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kausen'')</small> * [[Cazvinkelium (Eiflia)|Cazvinkelium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Katzwinkel'')</small> * [[Cella ad Lacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kell am See'')</small> * [[Cella Nantereshusana]]<ref name="Brower & Masen I 1855">Brower, C., & Masen, J. (1855). ''Metropolis ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae ecclesiae originem, iura, decus, officia; tum subjectorum illi episcopatuum, regionum, urbium, ecclesiarum'' (C. von Stramberg, Ed.; Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nentershausen'')</small> * [[Cerna (Rhenania et Palatinatu)|Cerna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moselkern'')</small> * [[Cervicampus (Tergum Caninum)|Cervicampus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Heerschfeld'')</small> * [[Cervicornu (Palatinatus)|Cervicornu]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschhorn/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Cervimontium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Cervimontium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschberg'')</small> * [[Cervivallis (Palatinatus)|Cervivallis]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirschthal'')</small> * [[Chumbdum Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierakuhm'')</small> * [[Cissis Superior]]<ref name="VvAiR CLIX 1959">Verein von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande (1959). ''Bonner Jahrbücher: Jahrbücher des Vereins von Altertumsfreunden im Rheinlande und des Rheinischen Landesmuseums in Bonn: Vol. 159''. Böhlau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberzissen'')</small> * [[Clarus Rivus (Eiflia)|Clarus Rivus]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren 1830">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiöcese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung und jetzigen Verfassung''. Simon Müller.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gladbach'')</small> * [[Clausa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Clausa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Clausen'')</small> * [[Clausura Eberhardi]]<ref name="Blackie 1887">Blackie, C. (1887). ''A Dictionary of Place-Names Giving Their Derivations''. John Murray.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Klausen'')</small> * [[Clenichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinich'')</small> * [[Clidinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kliding'')</small> * [[Clinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingenmünster'')</small> * [[Clingelbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klingelbach'')</small> * [[Clottena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klotten'')</small> * [[Cludenbachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kludenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klurebach'')</small> * [[Cluziradum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klüsserath'')</small> * [[Cnittelshemium]]<ref name="Baudrand 1682">Baudrand, M. A. (1682). ''Geographia ordine litterarum disposita''. (Vol. 1). Apud Johannem Martyn.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Knittelsheim'')</small> * [[Cnoringa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Knöringen'')</small> * [[Cocheshusa]]<ref name="Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden 42 1866">Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden (1866). ''Jahrbücher des Vereins von Alterthumsfreunden im Rheinlande'' (Vol. 42).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Koxhausen'')</small> * [[Colbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colbinga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kölbingen'')</small> * [[Colli Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Colli Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsdorf'')</small> * [[Colliga]]<ref name="Longnon 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollig'')</small> * [[Collis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Collis]]<ref name="Wasserzieher 1927">Wasserzieher, E. (1927). ''Hans und Grete: Eine Einführung in die Studium der deutschen Personennamen''. Ferdinand Dümmler Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Büchel'')</small> * [[Collis Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenbeul'')</small> * [[Collis Hassonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenbühl'')</small> * [[Colverathum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kolverath'')</small> * [[Colvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kollweiler'')</small> * [[Comeda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kümbdchen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kiehmsche'')</small> * [[Comina]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kommen'')</small> * [[Concha Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenmoschel'')</small> * [[Condate Vicus]]<ref name="Condate Vicus">Vide [https://www.gemeinde-contwig.de/index.php/ortsgeschichte ''Gemeinde Contwig''], ubi dicitur "(...) Namen „condate vicus“ (oder ähnlich) erhielt (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Contwig'')</small> * [[Contrava]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondorf'')</small> * [[Conventus de Cumbda]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klosterkumbd''; [[Hunnice]] ''Klosderkuhm'')</small> * [[Coppa (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Coppa]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kopp'')</small> * [[Corbis Lignorum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheitenkorb'')</small> * [[Corbora]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körborn'')</small> * [[Cordula]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kordel'')</small> * [[Corlinga]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korlingen'')</small> * [[Corperichium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Körperich'')</small> * [[Corvilerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Korweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Korwell'')</small> * [[Corvinus Mons (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Corvinus Mons]]<ref name="Bünz 2008">Bünz, E. (2008). ''Pfalz: Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz. En: Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde in Baden-Württemberg''. [[Stutgardia]]e: W. Kohlhammer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Krähenberg'')</small> * [[Cottenburna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenborn'')</small> * [[Cottenheimium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottenheim'' seu ''Kottem'')</small> * [[Cotterichenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kötterichen'')</small> * [[Coverna-Gundorfium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kobern-Gondorf'')</small> * [[Cozenrodum]]<ref name="HHW 2026">Hessisches Hauptstaatsarchiv Wiesbaden (2026). ''Lehnrevers des Gerhart von Gebhardshain genannt von Kotzenrode (Ref. 3036/164)''. Arcinsys Hessen</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rosenheim'')</small> * [[Cratonbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kradenbach'')</small> * [[Cratzenburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kratzenburg'')</small> * [[Crelanum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerdlen'')</small> * [[Cretes (Rhenania et_Palatinatus)|Cretes]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kretz'')</small> * [[Creucchovilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schankweiler'')</small> * [[Crichenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krickenbach'')</small> * [[Cronweilerium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kronweiler'')</small> * [[Cropa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Cropa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kroppach'')</small> * [[Croppa]]<ref name="Görz 1876">Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der beiden Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1). Verlag von J. Hölscher; et: Görz, A. (1876). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 1 & 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos et F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröppen'')</small> * [[Crovia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kröv'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruchten'')</small> * [[Crufta (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Crufta]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kruft''; dialectaliter ''Kroft'')</small> * [[Crummela (Occidentalis Silva)|Crummela]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krümmel''; dialectaliter ''Krimmel'')</small> * [[Crummenowe]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krummenau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gromme'')</small> * [[Crunkele]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krunkel'')</small> * [[Cumulus Pulcher (Occidentalis Silva)|Cumulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schöneberg'')</small> * [[Cumulus Pulcher (Tergum Caninum)|Cumulus Pulcher]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schöneberg'')</small> * [[Cumulus Pulcher et Mons Situlae]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönenberg-Kübelberg'')</small> * [[Cumulus Smisii]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmißberg'')</small> * [[Cuncha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Konken'')</small> * [[Cunderode]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kundert'')</small> * [[Cuningeshemium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Köngernheim'')</small> * [[Cunisbacum]]<ref name="Frey I 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindsbach'')</small> * [[Cunnenhemium]]<ref name="Widder III 1787"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kindenheim''; [[Palatinice]]; ''Kinnerem'')</small> * [[Curia (Occidentalis Silva)|Curia]]<ref name="Stein 1827">Stein, F. (1827). ''Annalen des Vereins für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hof'')</small> * [[Curia Dominicalis]]<ref name="Simmern-Rheinböllen 2024">Verbandsgemeinde Simmern-Rheinböllen (2024). ''Ortsgemeinde Fronhofen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fronhofen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Fronhuwe'')</small> * [[Curia Media (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curia Media]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelhof'')</small> * [[Curia Vulpis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fuchshofen'')</small> * [[Curiae Arnonis]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Arnshöfen'')</small> * [[Curiae Boreales]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nordhofen''; dialectaliter ''Noorden'')</small> * [[Curtes Dissonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dessighofen''; dialectaliter ''Dessje'')</small> * [[Curtes Endlichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Endlichhofen'')</small> * [[Curtes Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanhofen'')</small> * [[Curtis-Exustio]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kottweiler-Schwanden'')</small> * [[Curtis Ferrea]]<ref name="Meisner 1623"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisighofen'')</small> * [[Curtscheida]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kurtscheid'')</small> * [[Curva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Curva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirf'')</small> * [[Curvatura Arboris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hentern'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dackenheimium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackenheim'')</small> * [[Dackscheidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dackscheid'')</small> * [[Daleidium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daleiden'')</small> * [[Dancano]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahnen'')</small> * [[Datinberga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dattenberg'')</small> * [[Decima (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Decima]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Detzem'')</small> * [[Deesenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deesen'')</small> * [[Deinspure]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Densborn'')</small> * [[Dernavia]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernau'')</small> * [[Derschenum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Derschen'')</small> * [[Deslochium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Desloch'')</small> * [[Dichotoma Silva]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Habscheid'')</small> * [[Dicio Hassonis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haserich'')</small> * [[Dieblichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dieblich'')</small> * [[Difficilis Scissus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bisterschied'')</small> * [[Dilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Didonevilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dingdorf'')</small> * [[Dimidia Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halbs'')</small> * [[Discidium Haris (prope Adenovam)|Discidium Haris]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheidt'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Amplum (Tergum Caninum)|Discrimen Amplum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Aquarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Euscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Domschiehd'')</small> * [[Discrimen Darsonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Eiflia)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Exustum (Occidentalis Silva)|Discrimen Exustum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brandscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Ignis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feuerscheid'')</small> * [[Discrimen Spissum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Diggeschiehd'')</small> * [[Divina Vallis]]<ref name="Frey 1845">Frey, M. (Ed.) (1845). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Otterberg in der Rheinpfalz''. Institut für Pfälzische Geschichte und Volkskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Reichsthal'')</small> * [[Divortium (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Divortium]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheidt'')</small> * [[Divortium (Eiflia)|Divortium]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheid'')</small> * [[Divortium (Tergum Caninum)|Divortium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bescheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Baäschd'')</small> * [[Divortium Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berscheid'')</small> * [[Divortium Glareosum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schlierschied'')</small> * [[Divortium Superius]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schleid'')</small> * [[Docconis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockweiler'')</small> * [[Docconisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dockendorf'')</small> * [[Dommari Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dommershausen''; dialectaliter [[Hunnice]] ''Dommasch'')</small> * [[Domus (ad Vidam)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus (Tergum Caninum)|Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausen'')</small> * [[Domus Agilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Ellehouse'')</small> * [[Domus Ansonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ensheim'')</small> * [[Domus Argis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ergeshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Arzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Azonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essenheim'')</small> * [[Domus Bousonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Candida (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Candida]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bleckhausen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Blääkes'')</small> * [[Domus Catenatae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenhausen''; dialectaliter ''Kerressen'')</small> * [[Domus Davilonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dauwelshausen'')</small> * [[Domus Ebichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ewighausen''; dialectaliter ''Iwichhouse'')</small> * [[Domus Emmerici]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Emmerzhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Eppilonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppelsheim'')</small> * [[Domus Erpfolvi]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpolzheim'')</small> * [[Domus Etichonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Etichonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettinghausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hargeri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargesheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hajesimm'')</small> * [[Domus Harichi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916">Förstemann, E. (1916). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, 3ª ed.). [[Bonna]]e: P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harxheim'')</small> * [[Domus Henrici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Hilderedi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellertshausen'')</small> * [[Domus in Eiflia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausten'')</small> * [[Domus in Saepto Scisso]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckhuscheid'')</small> * [[Domus in Silva (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus in Silva]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harthausen'')</small> * [[Domus Mariae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Domus Mariae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienhausen'')</small> * [[Domus Silvestres in Ericeto]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzhausen an der Haide'')</small> * [[Domus Tabulata]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bretthausen'')</small> * [[Dossinhusa]]<ref name="Moos & Kober 2009">Moos, P. S., & Kober, K. (2009). ''Die Geschichte von Dachsenhausen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dachsenhausen'')</small> * [[Dreisa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dreisa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Drees'')</small> * [[Dudonis Castrum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dodenburg'')</small> * [[Dudonis Curtes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudenhofen'')</small> * [[Dudonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Duchroth'')</small> * [[Dulgisvilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dolgesheim'')</small> * [[Dunechinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Düngenheim'')</small> * [[Dunonis Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dunzweiler'')</small> * [[Duodelonis Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dudeldorf'')</small> * [[Dura Petra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Dura Petra]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hartenfels''; dialectaliter ''Harbels'')</small> {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Eberhardi Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertshausen'')</small> * [[Eberolfidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebertsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ewwertsem'' seu ''Ewwertzum'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Eybam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kircheib'')</small> * [[Ecclesia ad Saram]]<ref name="Oediger I 1961">Oediger, F. W. (1961). ''Das Bistum Köln von den Anfängen bis zum Ende des 12. Jahrhunderts'' (Geschichte des Erzbistums Köln, Vol. 1). [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]]: J.P. Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchsahr'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Kirbursch'' seu ''Kirberich'')</small> * [[Ecclesiae Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ecclesiae Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchheim an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Egihari Villare]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckersweiler'')</small> * [[Egili Divisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eilscheid'')</small> * [[Egla (Germania)|Egla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ayl'')</small> * [[Eichana]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eich'')</small> * [[Eichelhardia]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von der Grafschaft Sponheim: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Zweibrücken: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Verlagsdruckerei; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von den Gebieten der Erzbischöfe von Trier''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Karte von 1589 und die Erläuterungen dazu''. Bonnae: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Das Pfälzische Oberamt Lautern: Ein Beitrag zur geschichtlichen Landeskunde''. Westpfälzische Geschichtsblätter; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güter-Verzeichnisse des Erzbistums Trier: Liber Valorium''. Behrend & Co; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des Unteren Nahegebietes: Der Hof des heiligen Pirminus zu Munchwilre''; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Güterverzeichnisse des Stifts St. Remigius in der Pfalz''. Kgl. Universitäts-Buchdruckerei..</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichelhardt'')</small> * [[Ekkilonis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckelsheim'')</small> * [[Elbinga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Elbinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elbingen'')</small> * [[Elewartha]]<ref name="Heuser 1988">Heuser, P. J. (1988). ''Die nassauischen Urkunden des Hauptstaatsarchivs Wiesbaden''. Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelbert'')</small> * [[Elira (Tergum Caninum)|Elira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ellere'')</small> * [[Elisapha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elsoff'')</small> * [[Ellentia-Poltervilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenz-Poltersdorf'')</small> * [[Enchiriacus Vicus]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Engerisch'')</small> * [[Enkenbacum-Alisontia Fons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enkenbach-Alsenborn'')</small> * [[Enselinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßlingen'')</small> * [[Enspila]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enspel'')</small> * [[Enzena (Eiflia)|Enzena]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Enzen'')</small> * [[Episcopi Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Episcopi Domus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bischheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bischem'')</small> * [[Episcopi Mons (Nava)|Episcopi Mons]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frauenberg'')</small> * [[Epponis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenbrunn'')</small> * [[Era (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Era]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehr'')</small> * [[Erbes-Budesheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbes-Büdesheim'')</small> * [[Erela]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrel''; dialectaliter ''Eardel'')</small> * [[Ericetum Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenheide'')</small> * [[Ermeniacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmenach'')</small> * [[Erneza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ernst'')</small> * [[Erphowilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erfweiler'')</small> * [[Estor]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Esthal''; [[Palatinice]] ''Eschdl'')</small> * [[Ethigira et Alara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ediger-Eller'')</small> * [[Etichovilla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etteldorf'')</small> * [[Ettringium (Eiflia)|Ettringium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ettringen'')</small> * [[Eulgemium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulgem'')</small> * [[Excelsa Devexitas]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenöllen'')</small> * [[Excelsum Villare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheischweiler'')</small> * [[Excelsus Scopulus-Essingia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/><ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenfels-Essingen'')</small> * [[Exstirpatio Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndroth'')</small> {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fachbachium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891">Bär, M. (1891). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. [[Bonna]]e, in Germania: Max Cohen & Sohn et Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Fachbach'')</small> * [[Fagetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fagetum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchet'')</small> * [[Fagus (Taunus)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch'')</small> * [[Fagus (Tergum Caninum)|Fagus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Buch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Booch'')</small> * [[Fagus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambuch'')</small> * [[Faidia]]<ref name="Statistisches Landesamt 2024">Statistisches Landesamt Rheinland-Pfalz. (2024). ''Bevölkerungsstand von Land, Landkreisen, Gemeinden und Verbandsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Faid'')</small> * [[Falconis Petra (Palatinatus)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Falkenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Falgestää'')</small> * [[Fela et Villa Ritizonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fehl-Ritzhausen''; dialectaliter ''Feel-R’tshause'')</small> * [[Ferrifodina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ferrifodina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eisenschmitt'')</small> * [[Filsena]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Filsen'')</small> * [[Fischlinga Minor]]<ref name="Zölch 2012">Zölch, T. (2012). ''Die Bischöfe von Speyer zur Zeit Kaiser Friedrichs II''. [[Universitas Ruperto-Carola Heidelbergensis]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinfischlingen'')</small> * [[Flexus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Flexus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bogel'')</small> * [[Flexus Rheni]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm am Rhein'')</small> * [[Flisima]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fließem'')</small> * [[Fluderscha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fluterschen'')</small> * [[Fluxus Dammae]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Damflos'')</small> * [[Fons Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bereborn'')</small> * [[Fons Boeri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimborn'')</small> * [[Fons Fluvius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Herii (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Fons Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herwerre'')</small> * [[Fons Lamberti]]<ref name="Mitteilungen 1870">Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (1870). ''Die Register der Diözese Speyer''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Gilardone. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsborn'')</small> * [[Fons Numburnus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nomborn'')</small> * [[Fons Pulcher (Tergum Caninum)|Fons Pulcher]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Scheemerre'')</small> * [[Fons Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böllenborn'')</small> * [[Fontes Frigidi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fontes Frigidi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kaltenborn'')</small> * [[Forstium (Eiflia)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Binningen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier; et: Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Castor (Mörsdorf/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier. (</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium (Tergum Caninum)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Speyer 2024"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst''; [[Hunnice]] ''Forschd'')</small> * [[Forstium (prope Wissenam ad Segam)|Forstium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2026">Bistumsarchiv Trier. (2026). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Sebastian (Wissen/Forst)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(prope [[Wissena ad Segam|Wissenam ad Segam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst'')</small> * [[Forstium ad Viam Vinariam]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Speyer 2024">Bistumsarchiv Speyer. (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Margaretha (Forst)''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Speyer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Forst an der Weinstraße'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum ad Salmam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(prope [[Vitelliacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinetum Eifliense]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(prope [[Gerolstenium]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Esch'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Aschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinibachium (Tergum Caninum)|Fraxinibachium]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Asbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus (prope Nastadium)|Fraxinorivus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(prope [[Nastadium]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Fraxinorivus Palatinus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Eschbach'')</small> * [[Frohnhofenium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frohnhofen'')</small> * [[Fructus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Fructus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frücht'')</small> * [[Fundus (Occidentalis Silva)|Fundus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boden'')</small> {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Gammina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gamlen'')</small> * [[Gapinacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gappenach'')</small> * [[Gefellium (Eiflia)|Gefellium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier Gefell (2024)">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis der Pfarrei St. Hubertus (Gefell)''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]], in Germania: Archiv des Bistums Trier.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gefell'')</small> * [[Geichlinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geichlingen'')</small> * [[Geisigium]]<ref name="Bistum Limburg 2024">Bistum Limburg (2024). ''Kirchenbuchverzeichnis des Diözesanarchivs Limburg''. [[Limburgum ad Lahnam|Limburgi ad Lahnam]], in Germania: Diözesanarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Geisig'')</small> * [[Gelerotha]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gieleroth'')</small> * [[Gelisheimia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gilzem'')</small> * [[Gembrica]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemmerich'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Oura)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Longnon 1915">Longnon, A. (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves''. Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(ad [[Oura (Sura)|Ouram]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünd'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Occidentalis Silva)|Gemundia]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden'')</small> * [[Gemundia (Tergum Caninum)|Gemundia]]<ref name="Zwiebelberg 1970">Zwiebelberg, W. (1970). ''Das alte Gemünden''. Harald Boldt Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gemünden''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geminne'')</small> * [[Gensina]]<ref name="Glöckner III 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gensingen'')</small> * [[Georgii Villa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Georgii Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Görgeshausen'')</small> * [[Geraha (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Geraha]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerisch'')</small> * [[Gerardi Fons]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrend & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerhardsbrunn'')</small> * [[Gerardshusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giershausen'')</small> * [[Gerbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerbach'')</small> * [[Gergeroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girkenroth'')</small> * [[Geringa]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gering'')</small> * [[Gerolsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gerolsheim'')</small> * [[Gevenichum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gevenich'')</small> * [[Geysinhusium]]<ref name="Trautmann 2001">Trautmann, D. (2001). ''Bilder, Geschichten und Nachrichten aus über 700 Jahren Giesenhausen''. Vetere Ecclesia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesenhausen'')</small> * [[Gichelinga]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der, jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Treves bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gentingen'')</small> * [[Gielertum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gielert'')</small> * [[Gierschnacum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gierschnach'')</small> * [[Gildensburna]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenbeuren'')</small> * [[Gillenfeldia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gillenfeld''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Jillwed'')</small> * [[Gimbsheimia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbsheim'')</small> * [[Gindorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gindorf'')</small> * [[Gipperatha]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gipperath'')</small> * [[Giroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Girod'')</small> * [[Gisina Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Giesdorf'')</small> * [[Glanna]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenglan'')</small> * [[Glensa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glees'')</small> * [[Glisweilerum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleisweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Glääswoiler'')</small> * [[Glizicella-Horbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gleiszellen-Gleishorbach'')</small> * [[Godenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gödenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gerad'')</small> * [[Godhardi Novale]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Goddert''; dialectaliter ''Gorert'')</small> * [[Goecklingia]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Göcklingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gecklinge'')</small> * [[Gommersheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gommersheim'')</small> * [[Gondenbrettum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondenbrett'')</small> * [[Goenhemium]]<ref name="Baur 1862">Baur, L. (1862). ''Hessische Urkunden: Aus dem Grossherzoglich Hessischen Haus- und Staatsarchive''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Verlag von Jonghaus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnheim'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (Eiflia)|Goennersdorfium]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Goennersdorfium (prope Aquas Brisiacenses)|Goennersdorfium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Aquae Brisiacenses|Aquas Brisiacenses]]<ref name="Peutinger 1888"/></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Gönnersdorf'')</small> * [[Gornhausium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gornhausen'')</small> * [[Gozerswillare-Lapis]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gossersweiler-Stein'')</small> * [[Graca ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Graach an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Grandesdorpum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gransdorf'')</small> * [[Gransifenium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großseifen''; dialectaliter: ''Großseife'')</small> * [[Greimersburgum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimersburg'')</small> * [[Grenderiacum]]<ref name="Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024)">Ortsgemeinde Grenderich (2024). ''Ortsgeschichte – Gemeinde Grenderich''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grenderich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gränerisch'')</small> * [[Griesa (Palatinatus)|Griesa]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gries'')</small> * [[Grimburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grimburg'')</small> * [[Grimolderoda (Eiflia)|Grimolderoda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grimoldesroda (prope Augustam Treverorum)|Grimoldesroda]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustam Treverorum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Greimerath'')</small> * [[Grolshemium]]<ref name="Saur 1594">Saur, A. (1594). ''Theatrum Urbium: Contrafeytung und Beschreibung der vornembsten Stätte, Schlösser und Festungen''. Nicolaus Basseus.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Grolsheim'')</small> * [[Grosslangenfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Grosslangenfelda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Guckhemium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guckheim'')</small> * [[Guckingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gückingen'')</small> * [[Gumbacum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gonbach'')</small> * [[Gumonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gumbsheim'')</small> * [[Gumpwillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gimbweiler'')</small> * [[Gundahari Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersheim'')</small> * [[Gunderathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gunderath'')</small> * [[Gundeswillare]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ginsweiler'')</small> * [[Gundonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundheim'')</small> * [[Gunterespumario]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guntersblum'')</small> * [[Guntershusium]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gondershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gundersch'')</small> * [[Gurgitis Campus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dümpelfeld'')</small> * [[Gusenburgium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusenburg'')</small> * [[Gussenroda]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gösenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Geserd'')</small> * [[Gusterathium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gusterath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Göstert'')</small> * [[Gylnheimum]]<ref name="Gemeinde Göllheim">Gemeinde Göllheim. (s.f.). ''Göllheims Geschichte''. Göllheim.de.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Göllheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gellem'')</small> {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hackonis Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hackenheim'')</small> * [[Hahnstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnstätten'')</small> * [[Hainavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hainau'')</small> * [[Hano]]<ref name="Waitz 1879">Waitz, G. (Ed.) (1879). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica. Diplomatum Regum et Imperatorum Germaniae''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhn'')</small> * [[Hanum (Tergum Caninum)|Hanum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn'')</small> * [[Hanum ad Lacum]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn am See'')</small> * [[Hanum prope Mariambergam]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahn bei Marienberg''; dialectaliter ''Hoh'')</small> * [[Hasbacum ad Montem Sancti Remigii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Haschbach am Remigiusberg'')</small> * [[Hasbornium (Eiflia)|Hasbornium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasborn'')</small> * [[Hattertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattert'')</small> * [[Haurothum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauroth'')</small> * [[Heckenmuensterium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenmünster'')</small> * [[Heddertum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heddert'')</small> * [[Helonze]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ehlenz'')</small> * [[Herdiga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirten'')</small> * [[Hergenfeldia]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Hergenfeld. ''Geschichte der Gemeinde Hergenfeld''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenfeld'')</small> * [[Hergenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergenroth'')</small> * [[Hergersvillare]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Kandel 2013">Verbandsgemeinde Kandel. (2013). ''Statistik und Geschichte der Ortsgemeinden''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hergersweiler'')</small> * [[Herisdorfium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hersdorf'')</small> * [[Herla]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Diplomata">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). ''Diplomata Otto II''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herl''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Herdel'')</small> * [[Hermersberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hermersberg'')</small> * [[Heroldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herold'')</small> * [[Herpla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erpel'')</small> * [[Herresbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herresbach'')</small> * [[Herrsteinium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herrstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Herrschid'' seu ''Herrschde'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (prope Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali)|Herschbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Saltrissa in Silva Occidentali|Saltrissam in Silva Occidentali]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschbacum (Occidentalis Silva Superior)|Herschbacum]] <small>(prope [[Vallemeroda]]m<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbach'')</small> * [[Herschberga]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschberg'')</small> * [[Herschbroichum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschbroich'')</small> * [[Herschvillare-Pettershemium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Herschweiler-Pettersheim">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). ''About: Herschweiler-Pettersheim''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref><ref name="Knod I 1897">Knod, G. C. (Ed.) (1897). ''Die alten Matrikeln der Universität Strassburg 1621 bis 1793'' (Vol. 1).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herschweiler-Pettersheim'')</small> * [[Hertlinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Härtlingen'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Montem]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim am Berg'')</small> * [[Herxheimium ad Vivarium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheimweyher'')</small> * [[Herxheimium prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herxheim bei Landau/Pfalz''; [[Palatinice]] ''Herxe'')</small> * [[Herzfeldia (Eiflia)|Herzfeldia]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herzfeld'')</small> * [[Hessheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heßheim'')</small> * [[Hesvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hesweiler'')</small> * [[Hettenhusa (Palatinatus)|Hettenhusa]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenhausen'')</small> * [[Hettenleidelheimium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenleidelheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hettrum'')</small> * [[Hettenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hettenrodt''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hetterd'' seu ''Hädderd'')</small> * [[Hetzeroda (Eiflia)|Hetzeroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hetzerath'')</small> * [[Heupelzena]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heupelzen'')</small> * [[Heuzerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuzert'')</small> * [[Hiberna Villa]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Güllesheim'')</small> * [[Hilgenroda]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgenroth'')</small> * [[Hilgerta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilgert'')</small> * [[Hillesheimum (Hassia Rhenana)|Hillesheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillesheim'')</small> * [[Hillscheidum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hillscheid'')</small> * [[Hilscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilscheid'')</small> * [[Hilsta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hilst'')</small> * [[Himmighovium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Himmighofen'')</small> * [[Hintertiefenbachum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hintertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Hintervillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweiler'')</small> * [[Hinzenburgum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzenburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Henzebürch'')</small> * [[Hinzvillare]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzweiler'')</small> * [[Hirza et Maulsbacum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hirz-Maulsbach'')</small> * [[Hochdorfium et Assenheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochdorf-Assenheim'')</small> * [[Hochscheidum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochscheid'')</small> * [[Hochstadium (Palatinatus)|Hochstadium]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Houschd'')</small> * [[Hochstaetta]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochstätten'')</small> * [[Hoeringia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höringen'')</small> * [[Hoffelera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffler'')</small> * [[Holenachum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hollnich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunelisch'')</small> * [[Holenbachium]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großholbach'')</small> * [[Holsthumium]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holsthum''; dialectaliter ''Holzem'')</small> * [[Hommerdingia]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hommerdingen'')</small> * [[Honerathum]]<ref name="Mercator 1630">Mercator, G. (1630). ''Atlas sive Cosmographicae Meditationes de Fabrica Mundi et Fabricati Figura''. Sumptibus & typis aeneis Henrici Hondii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Honerath'')</small> * [[Honthemium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hontheim'')</small> * [[Hopstadium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten'')</small> * [[Hopstadium-Weiersbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hoppstädten-Weiersbach'')</small> * [[Horathun]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horath'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (Palatinatus)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbacum (prope Symeram)|Horbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(prope [[Symera]]m<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbach'')</small> * [[Horbruchium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horbruch'')</small> * [[Hordtum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hördt'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Horhusa (Occidentalis Silva)|Horhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Horhausen'')</small> * [[Hornbacum Antiquum]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Althornbach'')</small> * [[Hornum (Tergum Caninum)|Hornum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoore'')</small> * [[Horperathum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horperath'')</small> * [[Horreum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Horreum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheuern'')</small> * [[Horreum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Horreum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schauren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Schouere'' seu ''Schaure'')</small> * [[Horreum (prope Novale Candidum)|Horreum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(prope [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schauren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Schouere'')</small> * [[Horreum Solarii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schellweiler'')</small> * [[Horschbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horschbach'')</small> * [[Horscheidum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jakob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörscheid'')</small> * [[Horshusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hörschhausen'')</small> * [[Hortus Apium in Campo]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilbingert'')</small> * [[Hortus Arborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bongard'')</small> * [[Hortus Lineus (Eiflia)|Hortus Lineus]]<ref name="Schweitzer 2002">Schweitzer, P. P. (2002). ''Altdeutscher Wortschatz: Ein erklärendes Wörterbuch der mittelhochdeutschen Sprache''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hargarten'')</small> * [[Hortus Lintearius (Palatinatus)|Hortus Lintearius]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallgarten'')</small> * [[Horweilerum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Horrweiler'')</small> * [[Hostenum]]<ref name="Schannat II 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hosten'')</small> * [[Hottenbacum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hottenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoddebach'')</small> * [[Hovela]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hövels'')</small> * [[Hublingia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüblingen'')</small> * [[Huccunheimum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenheim'')</small> * [[Huchelheimum]]<ref name="Knod I 1897"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim bei Frankenthal'')</small> * [[Huchilinheimum-Clinga]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Heuchelheim-Klingen. ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''; et: Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). About: ''Klingen''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Heuchelheim-Klingen'')</small> * [[Huebingia]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hübingen'')</small> * [[Huetterscheidum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütterscheid'')</small> * [[Huffelshemium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüffelsheim'')</small> * [[Hummelum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hümmel'')</small> * [[Hummerichum]] <small>(Theodisce ''H<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/>ümmerich'')</small> * [[Huncenrothum-Polrothum]]<ref>ORTSGEMEINDE HINZERT-PÖLERT. ''Geschichte der Gemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinzert-Pölert'')</small> * [[Hundsangia]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsangen'')</small> * [[Hundsbacum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsbach'')</small> * [[Hundsdorfium (Occidentalis Silva)|Hundsdorfium]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hundsdorf'')</small> * [[Hunfridesvillare]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hefersweiler'')</small> * [[Hungenrothum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hungenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hunscherd'')</small> * [[Huninga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Huninga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hönningen'')</small> * [[Hunzella]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hunzel'')</small> * [[Hupperathum]]<ref name="Merian 1645 & 1646"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hupperath''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Hauperth'')</small> * [[Hutschenhusa]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütschenhausen'')</small> * [[Hutta (Eiflia)|Hutta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hütten'')</small> * [[Huttinga ad Kyllam]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen an der Kyll'')</small> * [[Huttinga prope Laram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hüttingen bei Lahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iacobi Villare (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Iacobi Villare]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jakobsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Joxwiller'')</small> * [[Ibiscus (prope Saravicastrum)|Ibiscus]]<ref name="Müller 1915">Müller, M. (1915). ''Die Ortsnamen im Regierungsbezirk Trier''. F. Lintz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Irsch'')</small> * [[Icorigium]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jünkerath'')</small> * [[Idenhemium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idenheim'')</small> * [[Ideshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Idesheim'')</small> * [[Ieckenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jeckenbach'')</small> * [[Iettenbacum (Palatinatus)|Iettenbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jettenbach'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Ilbeshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim'')</small> * [[Ilbeshemium prope Landavium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ilbesheim bei Landau in der Pfalz'')</small> * [[Illericum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Illerich'')</small> * [[Ilunwilare]]<ref name="Doll VII 1892">Doll, L. (1892). ''Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins: Vol. XLVI - Neue Folge Band VII''. Kommission für geschichtliche Landeskunde en Baden-Württemberg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Ohlwilla'')</small> * [[Immeradium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immerath'')</small> * [[Immertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Immert'')</small> * [[Immeshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Immesheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Immesem'')</small> * [[Imiciswilare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Imschwiller'')</small> * [[Impflingia]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Impflingen'')</small> * [[Imsbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Imsbach'')</small> * [[Indago ad Montem]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berzhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Apri]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ebernhahn'')</small> * [[Indago Frisonum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenhagen'')</small> * [[Indago Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebhardshain'')</small> * [[Indago Hildonius-Mons Scillonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hellenhahn-Schellenberg'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnweiler'')</small> * [[Indagovilla (Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis)|Indagovilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis|Circulo terrae Moguntiacensi et Bingensi]]<ref name="CTMEB">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Moguntiacensis et Bingensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mainz-Bingen'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Moguntiacensis-e" et "Bingensis-e" ad [[Moguntiacum]] et [[Binga]]m referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Alba]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederalben'')</small> * [[Inferior Ara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederahr'')</small> * [[Inferior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Inferior Costenza]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niera Kosdens'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Inferior Ecclesia]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen'')</small> * [[Inferior Ecclesia prope Didesheimium]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim'')</small> * [[Inferior Elveta]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederelbert'')</small> * [[Inferior Equorum Rivus]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederroßbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Irsena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederirsen'')</small> * [[Inferior Latus Rivus]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbreitbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Locus Piscium]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfischbach''; dialectaliter ''Föschbe'')</small> * [[Inferior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederlauch'')</small> * [[Inferior Moschela]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermoschel'')</small> * [[Inferior Mura]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch II 1995">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (Ed.) (1995). ''Die Urkunden des Klosters Otterberg'' (Vol. 2). Bezirksverband Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedermohr'')</small> * [[Inferior Otterbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederotterbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Pierscheida]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederpierscheid'')</small> * [[Inferior Radena]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederraden'')</small> * [[Inferior Schitwilra]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Inferior Sclatpaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Sora]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersohren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierasohre'')</small> * [[Inferior Staufenbaca]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Inferior Stedhema]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1904">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1904). ''Recueil des historiens de la France: Pouillés de la province de Trèves'' (A. Longnon, Ed.; Vol. 5). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederstedem'')</small> * [[Inferior Ufflinga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederöfflingen'')</small> * [[Inferior Walmenacha]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwallmenach'')</small> * [[Inferior Zegna]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersayn'')</small> * [[Inferiores Casae (ad Navam)|Inferiores Casae]]<ref name="Bodmann 1819">Bodmann, F. J. (1819). ''Rheingauische Alterthümer: Oder landes- und hilfsgeschichte des Rheingaus und der alten nahengauischen, donnersbergischen und hundsrückischen urorte'' (Vol. 1). Andreas Seifert.</ref> <small>(ad [[Nava (flumen)|Navam]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen'')</small> * [[Inferiores Curtes]]<ref name="Günther II 1824">Günther, W. A. (1824). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 2). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhofen'')</small> * [[Inferius Bachhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us">Germanica toponyma cum praefixis ''Nieder-'' aut ''Unter-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "inferior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Inferior]], Dei Inferior, Inferior Lacus, Inferius Monsterium, Palatinatus Inferior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbachheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Brombacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederbrombach'')</small> * [[Inferius Dreisbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdreisbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederdürenbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Erbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedererbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hambacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhambach'')</small> * [[Inferius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederheimbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hilbershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/><ref name="Inferior-us"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Inferius Horbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhorbach'')</small> * [[Inferius Hosenbacum]]<ref name="Inferior-us"/><ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Unnabuxebach'')</small> * [[Ingelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingelbach'')</small> * [[Ingendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ingendorf'')</small> * [[Inshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Isem'')</small> * [[Insula (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula]]<ref name="Bär 1905"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Insul'')</small> * [[Insula Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Insula Inferior]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwerth'')</small> * [[Iockgrimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jockgrim'')</small> * [[Ippenscheda]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ippenschied'')</small> * [[Irmtrauda]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irmtraut'')</small> * [[Irrhusium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Irrhausen'')</small> * [[Isenburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Isenburgum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isenburg'')</small> * [[Isertum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isert'')</small> * [[Isselbacum]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Isselbach'')</small> * [[Iuckenium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jucken'')</small> * [[Iugenhemium in Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Widder III 1787">Widder, J. G. (1787). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine'' (Vol 3). Francofurti et Lipsiae.</ref><ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Jugenheim in Rheinhessen'')</small> {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kannis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kenn'')</small> * [[Kedenhemium]]<ref name="Regionalgeschichte 2016">Regionalgeschichte.net (2016). ''Kettenheim: Geschichte der Ortsgemeinde''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettenheim'')</small> * [[Kelbachium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kelbachium]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehlbach'')</small> * [[Keidelheimium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Keidelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Käillem'')</small> * [[Kellenbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kellenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Källebach'')</small> * [[Kemmenavia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kemmenau'')</small> * [[Keppeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser; et: Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Frühmittelalter: Untersuchungen über echten und gefälschten Urkundenbestand'' (Vol. 1, Tomus 2: ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch''). Luxemburgi: Staatsdruckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Keppeshausen'')</small> * [[Kerisbachium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirsbach'')</small> * [[Kerna]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landkern'')</small> * [[Kerschenbachium]]<ref name="Bistumsarchiv Trier 2025">Bistumsarchiv Trier (2025). ''Inventar der katholischen Kirchenbücher des Bistums Trier''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Treverorum]]: Bistumsarchiv.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerschenbach'')</small> * [[Kerzenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerzenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Kerzrum'')</small> * [[Kescheidium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kescheid'')</small> * [[Kettigium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kettig'')</small> * [[Kickeshusa]]<ref name="Wampach 1930">Wampach, C. (1930). ''Geschichte der Grundherrschaft Echternach im Mittelalter: Quellenband'' (Vol. 1). [[Luxemburgum (urbs)|Luxemburgi]]: Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kickeshausen'')</small> * [[Kilsa (Tergum Caninum)|Kilsa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Külz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kilz'')</small> * [[Kinhemium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinheim'')</small> * [[Kinzenburgum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kinzenburg'')</small> * [[Kirica (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Kirica]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kehrig'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvillerium (Palatinatus)|Kirvillerium]]<ref name="Widder 1786"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirrweiler'')</small> * [[Kirvana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kerben'')</small> * [[Krautscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krautscheid'')</small> * [[Kriegsfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kriegsfeld'')</small> * [[Krottelbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Krottelbach'')</small> * [[Kuhardtium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhardt'')</small> * [[Kunhovia]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kuhnhöfen'')</small> {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Lamberti Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambertsberg'')</small> * [[Lambsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lambsheim'')</small> * [[Lampada]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lampaden'')</small> * [[Landscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Landscheid''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Lähschend'')</small> * [[Langasura]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langsur''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Laser'')</small> * [[Langenbachium (Palatinatus)|Langenbachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach'')</small> * [[Langenbachium prope Ecclesiae Castrum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenbach bei Kirburg''; dialectaliter ''Langemisch'')</small> * [[Langenhahnium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenhahn'')</small> * [[Langenlonsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenlonsheim'')</small> * [[Langenscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenscheid'')</small> * [[Langewida]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langwieden'')</small> * [[Langscheidium (prope Magniacum)|Langscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701">Schaten, N. (1701). ''Historia Westfaliae: in qua inferuntur varii orbis eventus''. Neuhusii: Per Joannem Gissener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Langscheid'')</small> * [[Langvilar (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Langvilar]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Langvilare (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Langvilare]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langweiler'')</small> * [[Lantswindawilare]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leinsweiler'')</small> * [[Lara (Eiflia)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr'')</small> * [[Lara (Tergum Caninum)|Lara]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lahr''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lohr'')</small> * [[Lascheidium (Eiflia)|Lascheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lascheid'')</small> * [[Laselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lasel'')</small> * [[Latitudo (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Latitudo]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breit'')</small> * [[Laubacum (Eiflia)|Laubacum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841">Pertz, G. H. (1841). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptorum tomus IV''. Hannoverae: Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach'')</small> * [[Laubenhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubenheim'')</small> * [[Laudertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laudert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lourad'')</small> * [[Laufeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufeld'')</small> * [[Laumershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laumersheim'')</small> * [[Lauperathum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauperath'')</small> * [[Laurencastrum]]<ref name="Pertz 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Laurenburg'')</small> * [[Lauscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lauschied'')</small> * [[Lautershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautersheim'')</small> * [[Lautertium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautert'')</small> * [[Lautzenbruckium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautze,nbrücken''; dialectaliter ''Lautzebrick'')</small> * [[Lautzenhausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lautzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Louhze'')</small> * [[Leidenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leidenborn'')</small> * [[Leienkaula]]<ref name="Günther 1844">Günther, J. J. (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Stadt Coblenz und ihrer Umgebung''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Hölscher</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leienkaul'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Adenovam)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimbach'')</small> * [[Leimbacum (prope Novum Castellum)|Leimbacum]]<ref name="Stein 1819">Stein, C. (1819). ''Handbuch der Geographie und Statistik des preußischen Staats''. [[Lipsia]]e: Hinrichs</ref> <small>(prope [[Novum Castellum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce '''')</small> * [[Leimenium (Palatinatus)|Leimenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimen'')</small> * [[Leimershemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leimersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Lämersche'')</small> * [[Leiningium (Tergum Caninum)|Leiningium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiningen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läininge'')</small> * [[Leiselium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leisel'')</small> * [[Leonis Mons (Palatinatus)|Leonis Mons]]<ref name="Meichelbeck 1724">Meichelbeck, K. (1724). ''Historiae Frisingensis: Tomus II''. Augustae Vindelicorum: Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lemberg'')</small> * [[Lesura (commune)|Lesura]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieser'')</small> * [[Leublibacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löllbach'')</small> * [[Leubsdorfium (ad Rhenum)|Leubsdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leubsdorf'')</small> * [[Leudoinvillare]]<ref>Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler (2025). ''Geschichte-Ortsgemeinde Leitzweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Leitzweiler'')</small> * [[Leuterodum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leuterod'')</small> * [[Leutesdorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leutesdorf'')</small> * [[Liba (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Liba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Leiwen'')</small> * [[Lichtenbornium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lichtenborn'')</small> * [[Liebenscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebenscheid'')</small> * [[Liebshausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liebshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Liebse'')</small> * [[Liega]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lieg'')</small> * [[Liepburna]]<ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lipporn'')</small> * [[Liesenichium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Liesenich''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lissenisch'')</small> * [[Lievirskeidum]]<ref name="Stimming 1932">Stimming, R. (1932). ''Mainzer Urkundenbuch: Erster Band. Die Urkunden bis al 1137''. [[Darmstadium|Darmstadii]]: Selbstverlag der Hessischen Historischen Kommission.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierschied'')</small> * [[Lilia (Palatinatus)|Lilia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Limbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Limbacum]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Limbacum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Limbach'')</small> * [[Limetum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schleich'')</small> * [[Lindenium (Occidentalis Silva)|Lindenium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Linden'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Aram)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Ara (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Aram]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindum (prope Magniacum)|Lindum]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Lind'')</small> * [[Lindenberga (Palatinatus)|Lindenberga]]<ref name="">Glasschröder, F. X. (1903). ''Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. [[Monacum|Monaci]]: Schöningh.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenberg'')</small> * [[Lindescheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lindenschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Linneschidd'')</small> * [[Lingenfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingenfeld'')</small> * [[Lingerhahnum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lingerhahn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Lingadd'')</small> * [[Linkenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Linkenbach'')</small> * [[Linzesheimum]]<ref name="Beyer & Eltester & Goerz II 1865">Beyer, H., Eltester, L., & Goerz, A. (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pickließem'')</small> * [[Liomena]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lehmen'')</small> * [[Liriveltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lierfeld'')</small> * [[Lirstalium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lirstal'')</small> * [[Litviller]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lettweiler'')</small> * [[Lissendorfium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lissendorf'')</small> * [[Lochumium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lochum'')</small> * [[Locus Paludis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Börrstadt''; [[Palatanice]] ''Berrschdadd'')</small> * [[Lohnsfeldium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnsfeld'')</small> * [[Lohrhemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohrheim'')</small> * [[Lolscheidium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lollschied'')</small> * [[Lonenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lünebach'')</small> * [[Lonevillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lohnweiler'')</small> * [[Longa Vallis (Tergum Caninum)|Longa Vallis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenthal'')</small> * [[Longocampus Minor]]<ref name="Marx II 1843">Marx, J. (1843). ''Geschichte der Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier''. (Vol. 2). Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinlangenfeld'')</small> * [[Longuina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Longen'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Longus Campus]]<ref>Vide [https://www.bernkastel.de/ferienland-bernkastel-kues/longkamp ''Longkamp''], ubi dicitur "(...) Geschichte von “longus campus” (lat. Langes Feld) (...)".</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Longkamp'')</small> * [[Longus Campus (Eiflia)|Longus Campus]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Langenfeld'')</small> * [[Longus Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Longus Vicus]]<ref>Vide [https://viamosel.com/en/village/longuich/ ''Longuich – Roman Luxury Villa and Medieval Flair''], ubi dicitur "(...) Longuich derives from the Gallo-Roman for “Longus Vicus” (...)"</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Longuich'')</small> * [[Lonsetum]]<ref>Vide [https://loesnich.de/en/#history ''History of Lösnich''], ubi dicitur "(...) They built mansions and winepresses and called the place „Lonsetum “ (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lösnich'')</small> * [[Lonshemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonsheim'')</small> * [[Lorenzevillare]]<ref>Vide [https://www.regionalgeschichte.net/rheinhessen/loerzweiler.html ''Zur Geschichte von Lörzweiler''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lörzweiler kommt urkundlich erstmals um das Jahr 790 vor. Es hieß damals Lorenzevillare (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lörzweiler'')</small> * [[Lorscha]]<ref name="Goerz 1882">Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: III. Theil''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos; et: Görz, A. (1882). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier'' (Vol. 4). F. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Lorscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Löhschd'')</small> * [[Lorzebura]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lötzbeuren''; [[Hunnice]] ''Letzbäiere'')</small> * [[Louva]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Löf'')</small> * [[Luckenbachium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luckenbach'')</small> * [[Luckenburgium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lückenburg'')</small> * [[Lunda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Lunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lonnig'')</small> * [[Luofersvillare]]<ref name="Beyer III 1874">Beyer, H. (1874). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 3). [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Laufersweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Läwaschwilla'')</small> * [[Lupachium]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Band 2''. [[Bonna]]e: Hermann Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Laubach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Labach'')</small> * [[Lustadium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lustadt''; [[Palatinice]] ''Loscht'' seu ''Luscht'')</small> * [[Lutzerathium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lutzerath'')</small> * [[Luxemium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Luxem'')</small> * [[Luzium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lütz'')</small> * [[Lykershausium]]<ref name="Schaten 1701"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lykershausen'')</small> * [[Lyncisium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ließem'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maccha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Macken''; [[Hunnice]] ''Magge'' seu ''Macke'')</small> * [[Mackenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenbach'')</small> * [[Mackenrodum]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mackenrodt'')</small> * [[Magnum Carlobachium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großkarlbach'')</small> * [[Magnum Fischlingium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großfischlingen'')</small> * [[Magnum Liticium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Gruhssleehtchen'')</small> * [[Magnum Steinhusium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Maischeidium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großmaischeid''; dialectaliter: ''Grußmäschd'' seu ''Mäschd'' seu ''Maischeid'')</small> * [[Maischeidum Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinmaischeid'')</small> * [[Maitzbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maitzborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädschboore'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Eiflia)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbergum (Occidentalis Silva)|Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Malberg'')</small> * [[Malbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malborn'')</small> * [[Malstreshusium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mastershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Masdasch'')</small> * [[Malus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Malus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzappel'')</small> * [[Mamina]]<ref name="Jung 2012">Jung, C. (2012). ''Namen des Lahngebietes: Alteuropäische Hydronymie und Siedlungsnamen''. Ippsch-Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mammelzen'')</small> * [[Manderscheidium (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Manderscheidium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Manderscheid'')</small> * [[Mandra (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mandra]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandern'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (Eiflia)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannebacum (prope Saravicastrum)|Mannebacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Saravicastrum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannebach'')</small> * [[Mannendalum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mandel'')</small> * [[Mannuvillare-Colonia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mannweiler-Cölln'')</small> * [[Manubacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Manubach'')</small> * [[Maquila]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckel'')</small> * [[Marienfelsium]]<ref name="BÄr 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienfels'')</small> * [[Marienrachdorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marienrachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Mairachtrof'')</small> * [[Maringum-Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maring-Noviand'')</small> * [[Marnhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Marnheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Marem'')</small> * [[Marothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maroth''; dialectaliter ''Moed'')</small> * [[Mars Villa Regia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesdorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Meertesdaerf'')</small> * [[Martis Ecclesia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzkirchen'')</small> * [[Martishusium]]<ref name="Gensicke 1972">Gensicke, H. (1972). ''Das Kirchspiel Kroppach''. Nassauische Annalen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Marzhausen'')</small> * [[Masburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masburg'')</small> * [[Masthornum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Masthorn'')</small> * [[Masvillerium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maßweiler'')</small> * [[Matzenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzenbach'')</small> * [[Matzerathum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Matzerath'')</small> * [[Mauchenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauchenheim'')</small> * [[Maudena]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauden'')</small> * [[Mauela]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauel'')</small> * [[Mauriciopolis]]<ref name="Knebel III 1904">Knebel, G. (1904). ''Matricula Ecclesiarum Archidioecesis Trevirensis: Registra et Inventaria'' (Vol. 3). Lintziana.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Moritzheim'')</small> * [[Mauschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mauschbach'')</small> * [[Maxdorfium]]<ref name="Hugo & al. 2020">Hugo, J., et al. (Ed.) (2020). ''Slovník nespisovné češtiny: argot, slangy a obecná mluva od nejstarších dob po současnost'' (IV ed.). Maxdorfii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxdorf'')</small> * [[Maxsainum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maxsain''; dialectaliter ''Maxään'' seu ''Maxsään'')</small> * [[Mayschossium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mayschoß'' seu ''Mayschoss'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Bircofeldam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenbacum (prope Kyrinam)|Meckenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(prope [[Kyrina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Kyrinam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenbach'')</small> * [[Meckenhemium (Palatinatus)|Meckenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Meckenheim'')</small> * [[Medardum (ad Glanam)|Medardum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Medard'')</small> * [[Meddershemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meddersheim'')</small> * [[Mehlbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlbach'')</small> * [[Mehlinga]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehlingen'')</small> * [[Meigenvillare]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzweiler'')</small> * [[Meineburum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meinborn''; dialectaliter ''Mämer'')</small> * [[Meinkemera]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maikammer'')</small> * [[Meisbornum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Maisborn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Märzboore'')</small> * [[Meisburgum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meisburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Mesbuasch'')</small> * [[Meispathium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662">Blaeu, J. (1662). ''Atlas Maior, Sive Cosmographia Blaviana: Germania'' (Vol. 3). Joan Blaeu.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meuspath'')</small> * [[Melsbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Melsbach'')</small> * [[Mengerschiedum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce et [[Hunnice]] ''Mengerschied'')</small> * [[Menheimium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minheim'')</small> * [[Menningum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Menningen'')</small> * [[Merckelbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merkelbach'')</small> * [[Merenfeldum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Meerfeld'')</small> * [[Merlscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merlscheid'')</small> * [[Merninga]]<ref>Vide [https://regionalia.blb-karlsruhe.de/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/19074/file/BLB_Langenbeck_BeitraegeWeilerFrage.pdf ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''], ubi dicitur "(...) in uilla que nuncupatur Merninga" (= Mehring bei Trier) (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehring'')</small> * [[Merremum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mermuth'')</small> * [[Merschbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Mertelacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertloch'')</small> * [[Merteshemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mertesheim'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Merum]] <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Merum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mähren'')</small> * [[Merum (Eiflia)|Merum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mehren'')</small> * [[Merxhemium (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Merxhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merxheim'')</small> * [[Merzalbum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Merzalben'')</small> * [[Mesenichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mesenich'')</small> * [[Messerichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Messerich'')</small> * [[Mettendorfum (Eiflia)|Mettendorfum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettendorf'')</small> * [[Mettenhemium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mettenhemium]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettenheim'')</small> * [[Metterichum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metterich'')</small> * [[Metvillare]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mettweiler'')</small> * [[Metzenhusa]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Metzenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mädse'')</small> * [[Meuda]]<ref name="Struck 1988">Struck, W. H. (1988). Das Stift St. Lubentius in Dietkirchen. Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Meudt'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach'')</small> * [[Michaelisrivus (Tergum Caninum)|Michaelisrivus]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Michelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mischelbach'')</small> * [[Milina]]<ref name="Greule 2014">Greule, A. (2014). ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: Etymologie der Gewässernamen und der zugehörigen Gebiets-, Siedlungs- und Flurnamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Miehlen'')</small> * [[Minor Litgona]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minderlittgen''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]]: ''Mannerleehtchen'')</small> * [[Misselberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747">Gudenus, V. F. (1747). ''Codex Diplomaticus Exhibens Anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensica, Coloniensia, Palatina, Fuldensia, Hassica, Omniumque Finitimorum Regionum Jura Et Res Gestas'' (Vol. 2). Ex Officina Typographica Joannis Baptistae academiae electoralis typographi; et: Gudenus, V. F. a. (1747). ''Codex diplomaticus exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, Francica, Trevirensia, Coloniensia, Palatina, et alia huc facientia'' (Vol. 2). Gottingae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Misselberg'')</small> * [[Mittibrunna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelbrunn'')</small> * [[Modina (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Modina]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müden''; dialectaliter ''Miere'')</small> * [[Moelsheimium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mölsheim''; dialectaliter ''Melsem'')</small> * [[Moentenichium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Möntenich'')</small> * [[Moersdorfium (Tergum Caninum)|Mörsdorf]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsdorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschdoref'')</small> * [[Moersfeldium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsfeld'')</small> * [[Moerstadtium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörstadt'')</small> * [[Mola Autumnalis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herbstmühle'')</small> * [[Molendinum ad Mosellam]]<ref name="Schilter III 1728">Schilter, J. (1728). ''Thesaurus Antiquitatum Teutonicarum, Ecclesiasticarum, Civilium, Litterariarum: Tomus III''. Typis Iohannis Reinholdi Dulsseckeri.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülheim an der Mosel'')</small> * [[Molsberga]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molsberg'')</small> * [[Molzhainium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Molzhain'')</small> * [[Mommenheimium (Hassia Rhenana)|Mommenheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mommenheim'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Alasenzam]]<ref name="HVdP XVII 1893">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1893). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz: Vol. XVII''. Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Alsenz'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Clingbachum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811">Bodmann, F. J. (1811). ''Codex Diplomaticus Moguntinus: Monumenta chronologica, genealogica, diplomatica ad illustrandam historiam Moguntinam''. Typis academicis.</ref><ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler am Klingbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Minchwoiler'' seu ''Mäichber'')</small> * [[Monachorum Villa ad Glanam]]<ref name="Weber 2012">Weber, H. (2012). ''Glan-Münchweiler''. Regionalgeschichte.net.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glan-Münchweiler'')</small> * [[Monasterium-Sarmshemium]]<ref name="SSAM 1335">Stift St. Alban Mainz. (1335). ''Würzburg Staatsarchiv, Mainz St. Alban Canonicorum Urkunden: Acta arbitralis inter stiftum et parochias Münster et Sarmsheim''. Monasterium Consortium.</ref><ref name="-hemium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-heim'' et ''-hjem'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-hemium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ingelhemium]], [[Eboreshemium]], [[Arnhemium]], [[Oppenhemium]], [[Forchemium]], [[Gerineshemium]], [[Benthemium]], [[Buxhemium]], [[Dronthemium]], [[Enshemium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münster-Sarmsheim'')</small> * [[Mons (Palatinatus)|Mons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (Taunus)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons (prope Arvilare)|Mons]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(prope [[Arvilare]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Berg'')</small> * [[Mons Alachonis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Alachonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ellenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altissimus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Altissimus]]<ref>''Ortsgemeinde Höchstberg''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstberg'')</small> * [[Mons Altus (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Altus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Anguli]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schenkelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Angustus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Angustus]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmalenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Aureus (prope Bircofeldam)|Mons Aureus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gollenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Basii]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Basberg'')</small> * [[Mons Battonis (Palatinatus)|Mons Battonis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Battenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Bilonis]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes (3 ed.). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bölsberg''; dialectaliter ''Bilsbisch'' seu ''Bölsberisch'')</small> * [[Mons Bonus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Bonus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gutenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Busonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Busenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Coronae (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Coronae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cronenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Crampii]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Cramberg'')</small> * [[Mons Dasonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dasburg'')</small> * [[Mons Didonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deimberg'')</small> * [[Mons Epponis (Eiflia)|Mons Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ethnicorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidenburg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (ad Lanum)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(ad Lanum<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hömberg'')</small> * [[Mons Excelsus (prope Angulum Lutrae)|Mons Excelsus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(prope [[Angulus Lutrae|Angulum Lutrae]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Homberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etschberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fockilonis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991">Dolch, M., & Greule, A. (1991). ''Historisches Siedlungsnamenbuch der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]], in Germania: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Föckelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Fuscus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Fuscus]]<ref name="Karp-Schreiber 1664">Karp-Schreiber, W. (1664). ''Chronica Braunebergensis: De vineis et uvis in Iuffer sitis''. Monte Fusco: Officina Domestica.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Brauneberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gallonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Galenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gelenis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gelenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Gisilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geiselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Heldonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heltersberg'')</small> * [[Mons Henrici (prope Kyrinam)|Mons Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenberg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häänzebersch'')</small> * [[Mons Hirci (Eiflia)|Mons Hirci]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Boxberg'')</small> * [[Mons Idel]]<ref name="Bär 1905">Bär, M. (1905). ''Die Behördenverfassung der Rheinprovinz seit 1815''. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Idelberg'')</small> * [[Mons Imbrium]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schauerberg'')</small> * [[Mons Lucidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Lucidus]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglicht'')</small> * [[Mons Ludovici (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ludovici]]<ref name="Annales Rhenani 1832">''Annales Rhenani: de navigatione et commercio'' (1832).</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ludwigshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nisterberg'')</small> * [[Mons Noctuarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohlenhard'')</small> * [[Mons Pulcher (prope Pratum Vallis)|Mons Pulcher]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönberg'')</small> * [[Mons Regalis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Regalis]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monreal'')</small> * [[Mons Romanorum (Palatinatus)|Mons Romanorum]]<ref>Verbandsgemeinde Römerberg-Dudenhofen. ''Fakten & Geschichte''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Römerberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ruborum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Ruborum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bremberg'')</small> * [[Mons Ruthi]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rothselberg'')</small> * [[Mons Sancti Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sancti Martini]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinshöhe'')</small> * [[Mons Sanctorum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Mons Sanctorum]] <small>(Theodisce ''Heilberscheid'')</small> * [[Mons Ululorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Mons Ululorum]]<ref name="Schannat 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eulenberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vallis (prope Cruciniacum)|Mons Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalberg'')</small> * [[Mons Vitulorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794">Schannat, J. F. (1794). ''Eiflia Illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel''. [[Aquisgranum|Aquisgrani]]: Jacob Anton Mayer.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kelberg'')</small> * [[Monsheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monsheim'')</small> * [[Montes (prope Kyrinam)|Montes]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berje'')</small> * [[Monzelfeldium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzelfeld'')</small> * [[Monzernheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzernheim'')</small> * [[Monzingenium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Monzingen'')</small> * [[Morlenium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörlen''; dialectaliter ''Mörle'' seu ''Mierlen'')</small> * [[Morsbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörsbach'')</small> * [[Morschbachium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Merschbach'')</small> * [[Morscheidium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morscheid''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Moatscheld'')</small> * [[Morschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morschheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Morschem'')</small> * [[Morschiedium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mörschied'')</small> * [[Morshusana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Morshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mursche'' seu ''Morschhouse'')</small> * [[Mosbruchium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mosbruch'')</small> * [[Moschheimium]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Moschheim'')</small> * [[Motzeraitis]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1501). ''Quellen zur Geschichte der Herrschaft Neuerburg: Landräte, Lehnsleute und die Dörfer des Condominiums (Urkunde Nr. 102: "Bannum et territorium de Motzeraitis")''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Muxerath'')</small> * [[Mucklingae]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837">Schorn, C. (1837). ''Eiflia illustrata oder geographische und historische Beschreibung der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). Johann Peter Bachem.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mückeln'')</small> * [[Mudenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudenbach'')</small> * [[Mudersbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudersbach'')</small> * [[Mudershusa]]<ref name="-husa">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-haus(en)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-husa-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Petrishusa]], [[Sachsenhusa]], [[Sangerhusa]], [[Sunthusa]], [[Ahusa]], [[Bebenhusa]], [[Buozolteshusa]], [[Chuzenhusa]], [[Husa]], [[Francohusa]], [[Gisinhusa]], [[Harthusa]], [[Hilpertohusa]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mudershausen'')</small> * [[Mugendorfium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mogendorf'' seu colloquialiter ''Munruff'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Mulbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mülbach'')</small> * [[Mulbacum (prope Magniacum)|Mulbacum]]<ref>Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1593). ''Die saynische Familienpolitik in der Zeit der Grafen von Sayn-Sayn: Bestand 30, Urkunde 7506 (Otto von Rolshausen Dominus in Müllenbach [Mulbacum] et Margarethe uxor eius...'''). AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Bernays 1934">Bernays, G. (1934). ''Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire: Recueil des actes de l'archevêque de Trèves''. Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Mürlenbach'')</small> * [[Mulenbacum (prope Adenovam)|Mulenbacum]]<ref name="Günther III 1852">Günther, J. H. (1852). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Bullae, Diplomata, Chartae, decreta ad historiam regionis Rhenanae et Mosellanae: Tomus III'''. B. Herder. </ref> <small>(prope [[Adenova]]m<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Müllenbach'')</small> * [[Mulena]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Miellen'')</small> * [[Mulewaltum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mühlpfad''; [[Hunnice]] ''Milbadd'')</small> * [[Muncum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1789">Schannat, J. F. (1789). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptione territorii Eifliae: Tomus I''. Ex Officina Typographica J. B. Rommerskirchen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münk'')</small> * [[Mundersbacum]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1580">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (1580). ''Inventarium über die säntlichen Sayn-Hachenburgischen Urkunden und Akten: Bestand 30, Urkunde 2410''. AKdia Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mündersbach'')</small> * [[Mundeveletum]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minfeld'')</small> * [[Mundina]]<ref name="Goerz 1882"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Minden'')</small> * [[Muschenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Müschenbach'')</small> * [[Muska]]<ref name="Böttger IV 1875">Böttger, H. (1875). ''Diöcesan- und Gau-Grenzen Norddeutschlands zwischen Oder, Main, Rehn und Westsee: Vol. IV''. Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Müsch'')</small> * [[Musvilerum]]<ref name="Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte 2004">Vulkaneifel Regionalgeschichte (2004). ''Heimatjahrbuch Archiv des Landkreises Vulkaneifel: Musweiler war ein Trierer Lehen der Herren von Manderscheid''. Vulkaneifel Portal. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Musweiler'')</small> * [[Muttenscheitum]]<ref name="Ditfurth 1878">Ditfurth, F. W. (Ed.). (1878). ''Regesta Sponeccensia: Regesten der Grafen von Sponheim, ihrer Nebulinien und ihrer Lehensleute (Vol. I, Urkunde Nr. 412''. J. B. Hirschfeld. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mutterschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Mureschied'')</small> * [[Muttiniacum (prope Prumam)|Muttiniacum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1953">Langenbeck, F. (1953). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Historische Kommission</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Mützenich'')</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nachtshemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nachtsheim'')</small> * [[Nackenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nackenheim'')</small> * [[Nacum]]<ref name="Bodmann 1811"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nack'')</small> * [[Nangkhusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nangkhusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Schaten, N. (1703). ''Annales Paderbornenses: Quibus collectis ex Academiae monumentis, diplomatibus, ac variis scriptoribus, res gestae Westfaliae'' (Vol. 2). Typis Joannis Westener.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkhausen''; dialectaliter ''Nuinkhouse'')</small> * [[Nannhusa]]<ref name="-husa"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nannhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nannese'')</small> * [[Nanzdietschvillare]]<ref name="-villare">[[Linguae Germanicae|Germanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-weil(er)'' aut [[Linguae Romanicae|Romanica]] toponyma cum suffixis ''-viller(s)'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-villare-is", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Actulfivillare]], [[Magnovillare]], [[Oxinvillare]], [[Ramberti Villare]], [[Rottunvillare]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nanzdietschweiler'')</small> * [[Nasinga]]<ref name="-inga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-ing'' et ''-ingen'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-inga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Huninga]], [[Ihilinga]], [[Incinga]], [[Isininga]], [[Lauginga]], [[Leichlinga]], [[Liuchinga]], [[Liutmuntinga]], [[Lollinga]], [[Machtolvinga]], [[Mecchinga]], [[Memminga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nasingen'')</small> * [[Nattenhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nattenheim'')</small> * [[Naunhemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naunheim'')</small> * [[Nazina Inferior]]<ref name="Societas Iesu Antverpiensis XI 1864">Societas Iesu Antverpiensis (1864). ''Acta Sanctorum: Octobris'' (Vol. 11). Apud Thomae Bettinelli.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederneisen'')</small> * [[Navis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Navis]]<ref>Naves Historia (s.f.). ''Der Name „Neef“ in seiner Entstehung: Urkundenbeleg von 875 (Navis)''. Regionalgeschichte an der Mosel. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neef'')</small> * [[Neidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenbach'')</small> * [[Neobamberga]]<ref name="Würdtwein IV 1781">Würdtwein, S. A. (1781). ''Monasticon Palatinum: Chartis et diplomatibus facientibus notitiam monasteriorum et sacrorum locorum Palatunatus'' (Vol. 4). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neu-Bamberg'')</small> * [[Neoburgum ad Rhenum]]<ref name="Knipping 1901">Knipping, R. (1901). ''Origines Palatinae: Geographisch-historische Nachricht von den Städten, Schlössern und Flecken der Kurpfalz''. Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuburg am Rhein'')</small> * [[Neoleininga]]<ref name="Würdtwein X 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae monumenta'' (Vol. 10). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuleiningen'')</small> * [[Nerna]]<ref name="Pauly III 1980">Pauly, F. (1980). ''Germania Sacra. Neue Folge 19. Die Bistümer der Kirchenprovinz Trier. Das Erzbistum Trier: Vol. 3. Das Stift St. Kastor in Karden an der Mosel''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nehren'')</small> * [[Nerotha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neroth'')</small> * [[Nerzvillare]]<ref name="-villare"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nerzweiler'')</small> * [[Netersena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neitersen'')</small> * [[Netzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Netzbach'')</small> * [[Neya (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Neya]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ney'')</small> * [[Nidenfelsum]]<ref name="Lehmann IV 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz: Vol. IV''. Verlag der J.C. Hermann'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neidenfels'')</small> * [[Nidera]]<ref name="Gudenus II 1747"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedert''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nieräd'')</small> * [[Nidineshemium]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Großniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niedesheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinniedesheim'')</small> * [[Niersbachus]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niersbach'')</small> * [[Nigidiacum]]<ref name="Cüppers 1990">Cüppers, H. (Ed.) (1990). ''Die Römer in Rheinland-Pfalz''. Konrad Theiss Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nickenich''; dialectaliter ''Neekenesch'')</small> * [[Nigra Terra]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwarzerden'')</small> * [[Nigrofontana]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwarzenborn'')</small> * [[Nila]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niehl'')</small> * [[Nimisae Divisio]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimshuscheid'')</small> * [[Nistrum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister'')</small> * [[Nitelum]]<ref name="Brambach 1867">Brambach, W. (1867). ''Corpus Inscriptionum Rhenanarum''. Elberfeldiae: Friderichs.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nittel'')</small> * [[Nitza]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nitz'')</small> * [[Niveriae]]<ref name="Brand-Berg 2018">Brand-Berg, U. (2018). ''Marcellus von Nievern - Gauner oder Genie? Ein Lebensbild aus dem 15. Jahrhundert''. Apud ''Nassauische Annalen''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nievern'')</small> * [[Nochera]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nochern'')</small> * [[Noha (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Noha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohen'')</small> * [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nona]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nohn'')</small> * [[Noratha]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Norad'')</small> * [[Norhema]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norheim'')</small> * [[Norkena]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Norken''; dialectaliter ''Noorge'')</small> * [[Nortershusa]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Nortershusanus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nörtershausen'')</small> * [[Notwira]]<ref>Hoc Latinum toponymum e gentilicio "Notwiranus-a-um" regressive derivatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenus, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae; ubi dicitur "(...) in Villario Notwirano in iurisdictione Bipontina (...)".</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nothweiler'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas (ad Vidam)|Nova Civitas]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt'')</small> * [[Nova Civitas in Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Gensicke 1958">Gensicke, H. (1958). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neustadt/Westerwald'')</small> * [[Nova Curia Castrum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhofen'')</small> * [[Nova Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Domus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874">Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: Oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien am Mittelrhein und der Mosel'' (Vol. 1 & 2 & 3). Jacob Anton Mayer; et: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier: Vol. I. Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1152''. Denkert & Groos.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhäusel'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967">Heyen, F.-J. (1967). ''Das Stift St. Paulin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, N. F. 2). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuerkirch''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nouerkerisch'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Occidentalis Silva)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia (Tergum Caninum)|Nova Ecclesia]]<ref name="Heyen 1967"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen'')</small> * [[Nova Ecclesia Potzbergensis]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/><ref name="Gerhard 1781">Gerhard, C. A. (1781). ''Versuch einer Geschichte des Mineralreichs'' (Vol. 1). Christian Friedrich Himburg.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neunkirchen am Potzberg'')</small> * [[Nova Palus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nova Palus]]<ref name="Remling II 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer'' (Vol. 2). Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Neupotz'')</small> * [[Novae Officinae]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhütten'')</small> * [[Novala (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novala]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Newel'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berkoth'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis ad Vallemerodam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Novale Beronis prope Hachenburgum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berod bei Hachenburg'')</small> * [[Novale Bonii]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Borod'')</small> * [[Novale Bononis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bonerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Bönert'')</small> * [[Novale Candidum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blankenrath''; [[Hunnice]] ''Blanggad'')</small> * [[Novale Cerasorum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschroth'')</small> * [[Novale Daconis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Datzeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Danckradi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dankerath'')</small> * [[Novale Diemundi]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Demerath'')</small> * [[Novale Epponis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eppenrod'')</small> * [[Novale Gebhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gebroth'')</small> * [[Novale Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlert'')</small> * [[Novale Guntharii]]<ref name="Böhmer 1908">Böhmer, J. F. (1908). ''Regesta Imperii I. Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Karolingern 751-918'' (E. Mühlbacher & J. Lechner, Eds.). Wagner'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Gundersweiler'')</small> * [[Novale Hanonis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hanroth'')</small> * [[Novale Helmerici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmeroth'')</small> * [[Novale Nimisae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nimsreuland'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauroth'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Circulus Westerwaldensis)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Westerwaldensis|Circulo Westerwaldensi]]<ref name="Circulus Westerwaldensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Westerwaldensis" -Theodisce ''Westerwaldkreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et Latinum gentilicium "Westerwaldensis-e" ad [[Westerwaldia]]m refertur. Quo de toponymo, vide [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/Caesarius/cae_dmin.html ''Index in Caesarii Heisterbacensis dialogum. Confluentiae, apud Rud. Frid. Hergt., 1857'']; et quo de gentilicio, hoc derivatur ex epitheto [[binomen|binominali]] "westerwaldensis". De hoc epitheto, confer, v.gr. "Waeringoscorpio westerwaldensis".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nauort'')</small> * [[Novale Novum (Eiflia)|Novale Novum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Novale Sanctorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heiligenroth'')</small> * [[Novale Silvae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Novale Silvae]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardert'')</small> * [[Noviomagus-Drona]]<ref name="Seeck 1876">Seeck, O. (Ed.) (1876). ''Notitia dignitatum: Accedunt Notitia urbis Constantinopolitanae et latercula provinciarum''. Weidmann.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neumagen-Dhron'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Hemi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuhemsbach'')</small> * [[Novus Rivus Sancti Kiliani]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuheilenbach'')</small> * [[Novus Vicus (Eiflia)|Novus Vicus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Neuendorf'')</small> * [[Nucaria (Eiflia)|Nucaria]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nusbaum'')</small> * [[Nucaria ad Navam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nußbaum''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nussbääm'')</small> * [[Nuneswilra]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nünschweiler'')</small> * [[Nureburgum]]<ref name="AESM V 1784">Academia Electoralis Scientiarum Manhemiensis (1784). ''Historia et commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae'' (Vol. V). Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Nürburg'')</small> * [[Nydernlara]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Peterslahr'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberdreisia]]<ref name="Elsnitz 1934">von Elsnitz, G. A. (1934). ''Die Matrikel der Hohen Schule zu Herborn und Duisburg''. Annalen des Historischen Vereins für den Niederrhein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdreis'')</small> * [[Oberhausum (prope Tabernas Montanas)|Oberhausum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(prope [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Abanam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Greule 2014"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Appel'')</small> * [[Oberhausum ad Navam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen an der Nahe'')</small> * [[Oberhausum prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhausen bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Obernheimum-Arenbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernheim-Kirchenarnbach'')</small> * [[Obrighemium (Palatinatus)|Obrighemium]]<ref name="AETP III 1773">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatinae (1773). ''Historia et Commentationes Academiae Electoralis Scientiarum et Elegantiorum Literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Vol. III - Historicum''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obrigheim'')</small> * [[Occava]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockfen'')</small> * [[Ochtenduncus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ochtendung'')</small> * [[Ockenfelsus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724">Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia Illustrata, sive Descriptio Sacra et Profana Comitatus Eifliae: Vol. I & II''. Typis Joannis Jacobi Haug; et: Schannat, J. F. (1724). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio reipublicae ciuiumque Eifliae''. Lugduni Batavorum: Apud J. A. Langerak.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ockenfels'')</small> * [[Odenbacum]]<ref name="Boehmer 1866">Boehmer, J. F. (1866). ''Regesta Imperii VIII: Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter Kaiser Karl IV. 1346–1378''. J. Deuster.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Odenbach'')</small> * [[Odernhemum ad Glanam]]<ref name="Pertz XIV 1856">Pertz, G. H. (1856). ''Monumenta Germaniae Historica: Scriptores (in Folio): Vol. XIV. Supplementa tomorum I-XII''. Impensis Bibliopolii Aulici Hahniani.</ref><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Odernheim am Glan'')</small> * [[Oelsenus]]<ref name="Lacomblet IV 1858">Lacomblet, T. J. (1858). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln: Vol. IV. Von dem Jahre 1401 bis 1600''. H. Voss.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ölsen'')</small> * [[Oetzingus]]<ref name="Hardt 2001"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ötzingen'')</small> * [[Offenbaca ad Queicham]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach an der Queich'')</small> * [[Offenbacum-Hundheimium]]<ref name="Glasschröder 1930">Glasschröder, F. X. (1930). ''Neue Urkunden zur Pfälzischen Kirchengeschichte im Mittelalter''. Pfälzische Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenbach-Hundheim'')</small> * [[Offenheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein XII 1789">Würdtwein, S. A. (1789). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. XII''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offenheim'')</small> * [[Officina Fabri (Eiflia)|Officina Fabri]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmitt'')</small> * [[Offsteinum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785">Würdtwein, S. A. (1785). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. V''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Offstein'')</small> * [[Ogilonis Novale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eckenroth'')</small> * [[Olesbergus]]<ref name="Staatsarchiv Basel II 1893">Staatsarchiv Basel (1893). ''Urkundenbuch der Stadt Basel: Vol. II''. In Commission bei R. Reich.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oelsberg'')</small> * [[Olesbrucus]]<ref name="Frey III 1836">Frey, M. (1836). ''Beschreibung des Rheinkreises, vormaligen Department Donnersberg: Vol. III. Gerichts- und Verwaltungsbezirke von Kaiserslautern''. F. C. Neidhard; et: Frey, M. (1836). ''Die Bisthümer Knittelsheim, Landau, Lautern, Germersheim und Neustadt: Eine historisch-topographische Beschreibung der k. b. Pfalz'' (Vol. 3). Passau: Druck und Verlag der Pustet'schen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsbrücken'')</small> * [[Olmscheidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734">Schannat, J. F. (1734). ''Historia Episcopatus Wormatiensis: Lugubres Wormatiae Demolitiones, et Eiusdem Ecclesiae Cathedralis Statuta: Vol. I''. Apud Joannem Benjamini Andreae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Olmscheid'')</small> * [[Olsdorfus (Eiflia)|Olsdorfus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olsdorf'')</small> * [[Ompacus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Acta Academica Theodoro-Palatina: Regesten der Grafen von Veldenz: Vol. I''. Verlag der K. Hof- und Universitätsbuchhandlung von B. G. Teubner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ohmbach'')</small> * [[Oprethushusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oppertshausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Obberdsche'')</small> * [[Orbis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Orbis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Orbis''; [[Palatinice]] ''Orwiss'')</small> * [[Orfgenum]]<ref name="Hardt 2001">Hardt, A. (2001). ''Codex Diplomaticus Rhenanus Regesta Wedana Repertorium – Rheinisches Urkundenbuch (845 - 2001): Geschichte und Genealogien der Grafschaften Arnstein, Isenburg, Wied-Runkel, Wied-Neuwied, Kobern und Arenfels''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Orfgen'')</small> * [[Orlenbachus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orlenbach'')</small> * [[Ormondus]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ormont'')</small> * [[Ornava]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orenhofen'')</small> * [[Orsfeldus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Orsfeld'')</small> * [[Osanna-Munscellum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osann-Monzel'')</small> * [[Osburgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osburg''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Öhsborsch'')</small> * [[Ossinga (Palatinatus)|Ossinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Essingen'')</small> * [[Othinga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etgert'')</small> * [[Otterbacus (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Otterbacus]]<ref name="Dolch & Münch 1994">Dolch, M., & Münch, M. (1994). ''Urkundenbuch de Stadt Kaiserslautern: Bd. 1. Bis 1322''. Schriftenreihe des Stadtarchivs Kaiserslautern.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterbach'')</small> * [[Ottersheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ottersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Odderschem'')</small> * [[Ottersheimum prope Landaviam]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ottersheim bei Landau'')</small> * [[Otterstadium]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Otterstadt'')</small> * [[Otzinvilare]]<ref name="Arnold 1875">Arnold, W. (1875). ''Ansiedelungen und Wanderungen deutscher Stämme: Zunáchst nach den Ortsnamen (Alemannische Endung weil und weiler, lat. villa villare)''. Elwert'sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Otzweiler'')</small> * [[Overeum-Eycha]]<ref name="Joester 1976">Joester, I. (1976). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Steinfeld''. Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde / Hanstein Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberehe-Stroheich'')</small> {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Palus (ad Lesuram)|Palus]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(ad [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesuram]]<ref name="Schmitt 1988">Schmitt F., (1988). ''Chronik Weindorf Lieser''. [[Augusta Treverorum|Augustae Terverorum]]: Paulinus Druckerei. </ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schladt'')</small> * [[Palus (ad Salmonam)|Palus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935">Wampach, C. (1935). ''Urkunden- und Quellenbuch zur Geschichte der altluxemburgischen Territorien bis zur burgundischen Zeit''. St. Paulus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(ad [[Salmona]]m<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruch'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Pohl'')</small> * [[Palus (Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis)|Palus]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887">Forcellini, Aeg. (1864-1887). ''Totius latinitatis lexicon''. Prati: Typis Aldinianis. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis|Circulo terrae Cochemiensi et Cellensi]]<ref name="CTCEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cochemiensis et Cellensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Cochem-Zell'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latinis toponymis "[[Cochemium]]" et "Cella" -ad quae gentilicia "Cochemiensis-e" et "Cellensis-e" respective referuntur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Filz'')</small> * [[Palus Montis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palus Montis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hallschlag'')</small> * [[Palatiolum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Palatiolum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Palzem'')</small> * [[Pantenburgus]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pantenburg''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Pahntebuasch'')</small> * [[Panzinwilare]]<ref name="Arnold 1875"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Panzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Pansad'' seu ''Panzwilla'')</small> * [[Partenheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein XII 1789"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Partenheim'')</small> * [[Paschelus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Paschel'')</small> * [[Pascua Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkenhördt'')</small> * [[Patersbergus]]<ref name="Toepfer III 1872">Toepfer, F. (1872). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte des graeflichen und freiherrlichen Haus der Voegte von Hunolstein: Vol. III''. Fr. Campe.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Patersberg'')</small> * [[Patum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Patum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pottum'')</small> * [[Peffinga]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Peffingen'')</small> * [[Pellinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pellingen'')</small> * [[Pelmum]]<ref name="Schannat 1734"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pelm'')</small> * [[Pendens Wizivilla]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hangen-Weisheim'')</small> * [[Perscheidus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Perscheid'')</small> * [[Petersbergus (Palatinatus)|Petersbergus]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Petersberg'')</small> * [[Petra Darstonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Darstein'')</small> * [[Petra Franconum (Palatinatus)|Petra Franconum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankenstein'')</small> * [[Petriwaldus-Loeffelscheydum]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Peterswald-Löffelscheid''; [[Hunnice]] ''Pidaschwald-Läffelschidd'')</small> * [[Pfalzfeldus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pfalzfeld''; [[Hunnice]] ''Palsad'')</small> * [[Pfeffelbachus]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pfeffelbach'')</small> * [[Philippsheimum]]<ref name="Würdtwein V 1785"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Philippsheim'')</small> * [[Pintesfeldum]]<ref name="IAL XXIX 1894">Institut Archéologique du Luxembourg. (1894). ''Annales de l'Institut Archéologique du Luxembourg'' (Vol. 29). Imprimerie de la Cour.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pintesfeld'')</small> * [[Pinus et Tilia]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fohren-Linden'')</small> * [[Piscatorisrivus Medius]]<ref name="Blaeu III 1662"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelfischbach'')</small> * [[Piscis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Piscis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fisch'')</small> * [[Pittenbachum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pittenbach'')</small> * [[Plaidtum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Plaidt''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Plääd'')</small> * [[Planities (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Planities]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flacht'')</small> * [[Plascheidum]]<ref name="IAL XXIX 1894"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Plascheid'')</small> * [[Platena (prope Vitelliacum)|Platena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Platten'')</small> * [[Pleckhausenum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pleckhausen'')</small> * [[Pleinum]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Plein'')</small> * [[Pleitershemium]]<ref name="-hemium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pleitersheim'')</small> * [[Ploscheida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Plütscheid'')</small> * [[Policha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pölich'')</small> * [[Pomaria (ad Mosellam)|Pomaria]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pommern'')</small> * [[Pomstera]]<ref name="Becker 2016">Becker, P. (Ed.) (2016). ''Germania Sacra (Third Series, Vol. 11): Die Benediktinerabtei St. Maximin vor Trier''. De Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pomster'')</small> * [[Pons (Palatinatus)|Pons]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons (prope Birconfeldam)|Pons]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(prope [[Birconfelda (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Bircofeldam]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücken'')</small> * [[Pons Alaphotis]]<ref name="Remling 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ahrbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Epternacensis]]<ref name="Camillus 1889">Camillus, W. (1889). ''Annales Epternacenses. In Monumenta Germaniae Historica'' (SS 13). [[Hannovera]]e: Impensis Bibliopolii Hahniani.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Echternacherbrück'')</small> * [[Pons Glanae]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Glanbrücken'')</small> * [[Porta (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Porta]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohr'')</small> * [[Portus Chattorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hatzenport'')</small> * [[Portus Pigonto]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Piesport'')</small> * [[Prata (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Prata]]<ref name="Dollinger 1982">Dollinger, P. (1982). ''L'Empire carolingien et les structures économiques du haut Moyen Âge: Les Brevium Exempla''. Documents d'Histoire Médiévale.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwiesen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Owwerwisse'')</small> * [[Pratum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Pratum]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prath'')</small> * [[Pratum Amplum (Occidentalis Silva)|Pratum Amplum]]<ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Fagineum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenau'')</small> * [[Pratum Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Geilnau'')</small> * [[Pratum Hanonis (Tergum Caninum)|Pratum Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henau''; [[Hunnice]] ''Häne'')</small> * [[Pratum Pulchrum (Palatinatus)|Pratum Pulchrum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönau'')</small> * [[Pratum Superius (Sawicki II 1939)|Pratum Superius]]<ref name="Sawicki 1939">Sawicki, J. (1939). ''Annales Nassauenses: Diplomatarium Nassoicum. Sammlung von Urkunden zur Geschichte der Lande Nassau: Vol. II''. Kirchheim & Co.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwies'')</small> * [[Pratum Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Pratum Vallis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Thalfang'')</small> * [[Preista]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Preist'')</small> * [[Prischeida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Preischeid'')</small> * [[Pronsfelda]]<ref name="GfRG III 1902">Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde (1902). ''Publikationen der Gesellschaft für Rheinische Geschichtskunde (Band 3): Übersicht über den Inhalt der kleineren Archive der Rheinprovinz''. P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pronsfeld]'')</small> * [[Prumia super Layam]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Prümzurlay'')</small> * [[Puderbaca]]<ref name="Görz 1878">Görz, A. (1878). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten oder chronologische Zusammenstellung des Quellenmaterials für die Geschichte der Territorien der beiden Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier (Band 2)''. Verlag von J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Puderbach'')</small> * [[Puhlichum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pillig'')</small> * [[Pulchravilla]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schöndorf''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Schennerf'')</small> * [[Punderacha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Pünderich'')</small> {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quercetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Quercetum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichen'')</small> * [[Quercirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eichenbach'')</small> * [[Querenbacha (Palatinatus)|Querenbacha]]<ref name="Frey IV 1837">Frey, M. (1837). ''Das Rheinkreis-Gebiet, vorzüglich in geographischer und statistischer Beziehung: Eine Beschreibung des vormaligen Departements vom Donnerberge (Band 4)''. Gedruckt bei F. C. Neidhard.</ref> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Quirnbach/Pfalz'')</small> * [[Quernhemium]]<ref name="Grotius X 1638">Grotius, H. (1638). ''Epistolae ad Axelium Oxenstierna: Hugonis Grotii Epistolae (Tomus IX)''. Sumptibus Societatis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Quirnheim'' seu ''Querum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Querm'' seu ''Querem'')</small> * [[Quidelbacha]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Quiddelbach'')</small> * [[Quidersbacha]]<ref name="HVdP XXIX 1910">Historischer Verein der Pfalz. (1910). ''Mitteilungen del Historischen Vereins der Pfalz (Band 29)''. Selbstverlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Queidersbach'')</small> * [[Quirenbacha (Occidentalis Silva)|Quirenbacha]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Quirnbach''; dialectaliter ''Quermisch'')</small> {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Racksena]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Racksen'')</small> * [[Radenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reidenhausen'')</small> * [[Radeswilera]]<ref name="Frey IV 1837"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rathsweiler'')</small> * [[Ralingua]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ralingen''; [[Luxemburgice]] ''Rooljen'')</small> * [[Ramberga (Palatinatus)|Ramberga]]<ref name="Winkelmann & Koch & Wille I 1894">Winkelmann, E., Koch, A., & Wille, J. (1894). ''Regesten der Pfalzgrafen am Rhein 1214-1508 (Band I: 1214-1400)''. Verlag von Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramberg'')</small> * [[Ramesa]]<ref name="Buhlmann">Buhlmann, M. (2012). ''Das St. Georgener Priorat Ramsen in der Pfalz''. Vertex Alemanniae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ramsen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Ramse'')</small> * [[Rameswilera]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ransweiler'')</small> * [[Rammelsbacha]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rammelsbach'')</small> * [[Ransbacha]]<ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ranschbach'')</small> * [[Rathersdorfum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rittersdorf'')</small> * [[Rathskircha]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rathskirchen'')</small> * [[Ratzeroda]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ratzert'')</small> * [[Rabengirsburga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ravengiersburg''; [[Hunnice]] ''Räwerschbursch'')</small> * [[Rabensbura]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Raversbeuren'')</small> * [[Rebacha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rehbach'')</small> * [[Reburna]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rehborn'')</small> * [[Recha]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rech'')</small> * [[Rechrode]]<ref name="Mayer & Mertes 1992">Mayer, A., & Mertes, E. (1992). Dürrbach ist älter als Lirstal: Die Verkaufsurkunde der Grafschaft Virneburg von 1336 im Kontext der regionalen Toponymie. ''Heimatjahrbuch Vulkaneifel''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Retterath'')</small> * [[Reckenroda]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reckenroth'')</small> * [[Recurvum (Eiflia)|Recurvum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hamm'')</small> * [[Redelnhusium]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 1975">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (Ed.) (1975). ''Die sponheimischen Gefälleregister des Grafen Johann II. von Sponheim (Auszüge und Dokumente)''. Selbstverlag des Landeshauptarchivs Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rödelhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Rärrellse'')</small> * [[Redersheimum-Gronavia]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/><ref name="Schoepflin II 1775">Schoepflin, J. D. (1775). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica, Gallica, tomus II, postumi operis prodromus''. Typographia Regia</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rödersheim-Gronau'')</small> * [[Regia Prata]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsau'')</small> * [[Regilesberga]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Relsberg'')</small> * [[Regiocampus (Eiflia)|Regiocampus]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Königsfeld'')</small> * [[Reiczenhaga]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reitzenhain'')</small> * [[Reidenbachium Medium]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelreidenbach'')</small> * [[Reinonis Campus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reinsfeld''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Räänzelt'')</small> * [[Reitha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rieden'')</small> * [[Remisbergum]]<ref name="Baldes 1821">Baldes, H. (1921). ''Geschichtliche Heimatkunde des birkenfelder Landes''. Commissione ab E. Hoehl. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rimsberg'')</small> * [[Rengsdorfium]]<ref name="Societas Iesu 1940">Societas Iesu (1940). ''Catalogus Provinciae Germaniae Inferioris Societatis Iesu''. Typis Catholicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rengsdorf'')</small> * [[Renthalum]]<ref name="HVdP V 1875"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rinnthal'')</small> * [[Retrodum]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rettert'')</small> * [[Retswilerum-Nockendalium]]<ref name="Mittelrheinische Geschichtsquellen 1884">Mittelrheinische Geschichtsquellen (1884). ''Regesten der Erzbischöfe von Mainz: Von Bonifatius bis Udo (745-1081) und deren Lehnsbezirke''. Erzbischöfliches Archiv Mainz.</ref><ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rötsweiler-Nockenthal'')</small> * [[Rettersenum]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rettersen'')</small> * [[Reusraida]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rayerschied''; [[Hunnice]] ''Rärschidd'')</small> * [[Rewilera]]<ref name="Frey IV 1837"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rehweiler'')</small> * [[Reya (Occidentalis Silva)|Reya]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rehe'')</small> * [[Reymeroda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reimerath'')</small> * [[Richa (Tergum Caninum)|Richa]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reich'')</small> * [[Richenbacha (prope Bemondulam)|Richenbacha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reichenbach'')</small> * [[Richenbacha-Stega]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/><ref name="Frey IV 1837"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reichenbach-Steegen'')</small> * [[Richenberga (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Richenberga]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reichenberg'')</small> * [[Richershusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reckershausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Reckersche'')</small> * [[Richwilera]]<ref name="Frey IV 1837"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reichweiler'')</small> * [[Riesweilera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Riesweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Rieswilla'')</small> * [[Rifa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reiff'')</small> * [[Rifenberga]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reifenberg'')</small> * [[Rifersceitha (Circulus terrae Arvilarensis)|Rifersceitha]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Arvilarensis|Circulo terrae Arvilarensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Landkreis Ahrweiler">Theodisce ''Landkreis Ahrweiler''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Reifferscheid'')</small> * [[Rifersceitha (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rifersceitha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis" et Nomen Theodiscum ''Landkreis Altenkirchen''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Reiferscheid'')</small> * [[Rigala]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reil'')</small> * [[Rigodulum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Riol'' seu ''Rigol'')</small> * [[Rimilisheimum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1914">Fabricius, W. (1914). ''Erläuterungen zum Geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz'' (Band 2: Die Karte von 1789). Hermann Behrendt.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rümmelsheim'')</small> * [[Rintzenbergum]]<ref name="Baldes 1821"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rinzenberg'')</small> * [[Ripa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Ripa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reiffelbach'')</small> * [[Ripaldescircha]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reipoltskirchen'')</small> * [[Ripoldinga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reipeldingen'')</small> * [[Rittershaimum]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rettershain'')</small> * [[Rivenacum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rivenich'')</small> * [[Riveria]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Riveris''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Riwwares'')</small> * [[Rivuletus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grumbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Becheri (Palatinatus)|Rivulus Becheri]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Bedonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bedesbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Cadenensis]]<ref name="Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz 2023">Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden der Deutschordenskommende Koblenz''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Kurfürstentums Trier''. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). Bestand 1A: Kurtrier, Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung. Confluentibus: LHA; et: Landeshauptarchiv Koblenz. (2023). ''Bestand 1A: Urkunden und Akten der geistlichen und weltlichen Verwaltung des Westerwaldes''. Confluentibus: LHA Koblenz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kadenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Colli (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Colli]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Halsenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Feronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fiersbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fluens]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flußbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Franconis]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankelbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fraxineus (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rivulus Fraxineus]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Harbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Fringillarum et Villare Gerhardi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Finkenbach-Gersweiler'')</small> * [[Rivulus Gackonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gackenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Glareosus]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kisselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Kieselbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Hagani]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hahnenbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Indaginis (prope Deciam)|Rivulus Indaginis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hambach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Freisbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Caesaream Lutram)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesaream Lutram]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Rivulus Piscium]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium et Novale Superius]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach-Oberraden'')</small> * [[Rivulus Piscium prope Danam]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/><ref name="Görz II 1879"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fischbach bei Dahn'')</small> * [[Rivulus Viridis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivulus Viridis]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Grünebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Altissimus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höchstenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Amplus (Palatinatus)|Rivus Amplus]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Atzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Etzbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Becheri prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Becherbach bei Kirn'')</small> * [[Rivus Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birlenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bisonis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bosenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Bottonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bottenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Rhenus]]" et "[[Tergum Caninum]]", vide {{Graesse}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Hunsrück'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Hunsrück'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Hunsrück'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Hunsrück'' et Рейн-Хунсрюк.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Budenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Burebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Budonis (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Budonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis|Circulo terrae Birkenfeldensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis">Nomen Latinum completum "Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis".</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bundebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Caeruleus]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Blaubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Calidus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Calidus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Callbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Celer (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Celer]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schneppenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Schnebbebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Columbae]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Columbae (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Columbae]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Daubach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Coryli (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Coryli]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Hasselbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Haaselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dammarum (prope Bircofeldam)|Rivus Dammarum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dambach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dedonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dedenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (ad Tabernas Montanas)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> (ad [[Tabernae Montanae|Tabernas Montanas]]<ref name="Graesse"/>) <small>(Theodisce ''Dierbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae Neowidensis">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Neowidensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Neuwied'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latinum gentilicium "Neowidensis-e" Theodiscum toponymum ''Neuwied'' vertit. Quo de gentilicio, vide [https://www.rheinische-geschichte.lvr.de/Persoenlichkeiten/maximilian-alexander-philipp-prinz-zu-wied-neuwied-/DE-2086/lido/57c92ef68392a6.35258846 ], ubi dicitur "(...) Sein Ma­nu­skript „Fau­na Neo­wi­den­sis“, 1847 voll­endet, ist die ers­te Re­gio­nal­fau­na für den Mit­tel­rhein. Die Ver­öf­fent­li­chung ein­zel­ner Er­kennt­nis­se über­ließ er je­doch an­de­ren, vor al­lem dem Neu­wie­der Apo­the­ker Franz Pe­ter Brahts (...)". Quo de Latino toponymo, vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z'']</ref></small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Occidentalis Silva)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Deronis (Palatinatus)|Rivus Deronis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dernbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dictilonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dichtelbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dieschdelbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Domus (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Rivus Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Dusonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Deuselbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Eridonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erdesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fabri]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmidthachenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fundi]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Fuscus (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Fuscus]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Erbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Heisteri]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heistenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heinzenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hänsebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Hirundinis]] <small>(Theodisce ''Burgschwalbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lapidosus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedersteinebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Lini]]<ref name="Förstemann II 1913">Förstemann, E. (1913). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2, III ed.). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Harschbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Longus in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berglangenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Novalis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Oneris]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bürdenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pirorum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birnbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus (prope Vitelliacum)|Rivus Profundus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Profundus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niedertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Pulcher (Eiflia)|Rivus Pulcher]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Purgans (Eiflia)|Rivus Purgans]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Saepti Vivi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heckenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Eiflia Australis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Eiflia Australi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Sanitatis (Terra Bedensis)|Rivus Sanitatis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(in Terra Bedensi<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Heilenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Siccus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Siccus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrenbach''; [[Palatinice]] ''Derrebach'')</small> * [[Rivus Silvestris (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rivus Silvestris]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hoolsbach'' seu ''Buubert'')</small> * [[Rivus Spissus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickesbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Susurrans]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schnorbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Schnoorbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Tumuli]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bollenbach'')</small> * [[Rivus Ursorum (Tergum Caninum)|Rivus Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Roburetum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Roburetum]]<ref name="Langenbeck 1956">Langenbeck, F. (1956). ''Beiträge zur Weiler-Frage''. Badische Heimat.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rorodt'')</small> * [[Rocchesheimero]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Roxheim'')</small> * [[Rockeskylla]]<ref name="Backmund 1949">Backmund, N. (1949). ''Monasticon Praemonstratense: Id est Historia Circariarum atque Canoniarum Candidi et Canonici Ordinis Praemonstratensis'' (Vol. 1). Staub'sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rockeskyll'')</small> * [[Roda (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Roda]]<ref name="">Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde Rheinland-Pfalz (2020). ''Ortslexikon zur Geschichte des Rhein-Lahn-Kreises: Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung von Roth (1089)''. Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth'')</small> * [[Roda (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Roda]]<ref name="">Hunsrücker Geschichtsverein (2020). ''Hunsrücker Heimatblätter: Der „Liber annalium iurium" und die Gemeinde Roth (Roda)''. </ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Rood'')</small> * [[Roda (prope Montem Torrentis)|Roda]]<ref name="Tabarelli 2021">Tabarelli, P. (2021). ''Das Güterverzeichnis des Klosters Rupertsberg bis zum Jahre 1300: Besitzungen in Rode (Roth bei Stromberg)''. Regionalgeschichte Mittelrhein.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth'')</small> * [[Roda (Circulus terrae Viae Vinariae Australis)|Roda]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Viae Vinariae Australis|Circulo terrae Viae Vinariae Australis]]<ref name="Meidinger 1833">Meidinger, H. (1833). ''Dictionnaire etymologique et comparatif des langues Teuto-Gothiques''. L'Imprimerie de Valentin.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhodt unter Rietburg'')</small> * [[Roda ad Uram]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth an der Our'')</small> * [[Roda Prumiensis]]<ref name="Verbandsgemeinde Prüm 2026">Verbandsgemeinde Prüm (2026). ''Ortsgemeinde Roth bei Prüm: Wappenbegründung und historische Entwicklung''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth bei Prüm'')</small> * [[Rodenbachium (Palatinatus Occidentalis)|Rodenbachium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1755">Hontheim, N. von. (1755). ''Metropolis Ecclesiae Trevericae, quae metropolitanae primae sedis, summaries origines, iura, decora, et officia ... complectitur (Vol. 1). Todd.</ref> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu Occidentali]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodenbach'')</small> * [[Rodenbachium prope Puderbacam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1755"/> <ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodenbach bei Puderbach'')</small> * [[Rodera]]<ref name="Häuselmann 1900">Häuselmann, T. (Ed.). (1900). Die ältesten Lehnsbücher der Herrschaft Bolanden. Verlag des Historischen Vereins de Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodder'')</small> * [[Rodernum (Tergum Caninum)|Rodernum]]<ref name="Schoepflin II 1766">Schoepflin, J. D. (1766). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Germanica, Gallica, tomus II, postumi operis prodromus''. Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rödern''; [[Hunnice]] ''Riehere'')</small> * [[Rodershusium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1755"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rodershausen'')</small> * [[Rohrbachium (Palatinatus)|Rohrbachium]]<ref name="Senckenberg 1734"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rohrbach'')</small> * [[Rohrbachium (Tergum Caninum)|Rohrbachium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1755"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rohrbach'')</small> * [[Rohrbachium (prope Bemondulam)|Rohrbachium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1755"/> <small>(prope [[Bemondula]]m<ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rohrbach'')</small> * [[Rola]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Röhl'')</small> * [[Romairo]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rommersheim'')</small> * [[Rosa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Rosa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Roes'')</small> * [[Rosbacha]]<ref name="Glöckner 1936">Glöckner, K. (Ed.) (1936). ''Codex Laureshamensis: Band 3, Kopialbuch, Nr. 2001-3836''. Historische Kommission für den Volksstaat Hessen. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Roschbach'')</small> * [[Rosbachum (ad Vidam)|Rosbachum]]<ref name="Stramberg V 1856">Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.</ref> <small>(ad [[Vida]]m<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roßbach'')</small> * [[Rosbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Rosbacum]]<ref name="FWAN 1767">Fürstlich Wiedisches Archiv Neuwied (1767). ''Rechtsstreit zwischen der Grafschaft Sayn-Hachenburg und Wied-Runkel wegen der Zehntrechte im Kirchspiel Rossbach (Ref. FWA-478)''. Archivübersicht Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roßbach'')</small> * [[Roscheida (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Roscheida]]<ref name="BGVT 1887">Bischöfliches General-Vikariat Trier. (1887). ''Beiträge zur Geschichte sämtlicher Pfarreien der Diöcese Trier'' (Vol. 1). Georg Bärsch / Lintz</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roscheid'')</small> * [[Roscheida (Circulus terrae Treverensis-Saraburgensis)|Roscheida]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Treverensis-Saraburgensis|Circulo terrae Treverensi-Saraburgensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Landkreis Trier-Saarburg">Theodisce ''Landkreis Trier-Saarburg''.</ref><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rascheid'')</small> * [[Rota Barwardi]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barbelroth'')</small> * [[Rotha (Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis)|Rotha]]<ref name="Köbler 2016">Köbler, G. (2016). ''Toponymica Rheinland-Pfalz: Althochdeutsche und mittelslowenische Ortsnamen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte; et: Köbler, G. (2016). ''Das Urkataster der deutschen Ortsgeschichte: Alphabetisches Verzeichnis der Siedlungen''. Arbeiten zur Rechts- und Sprachgeschichte.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis|Circulo terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Circulus terrae Vetero-Ecclesiensis"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Roth'')</small> * [[Rotha (Occidentalis Silva)|Rotha]]<ref name="Mittelrheinische Geschichtsquellen 1884"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Rott'')</small> * [[Rotzenhahna]]<ref name="Diözese Limburg 2024">Diözese Limburg (2024). ''Matricula Online: Kirchenbücher der Pfarrei St. Martin, Rotenhain (bis 1937: Rotzenhahn)''. Matricula</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rotenhain'')</small> * [[Rubachum-Goldhusium]]<ref name="Gensicke XIII 1962">Gensicke, H. (1962). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen de Historischen Kommission für Nassau, Band 13). Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruppach-Goldhausen'')</small> * [[Rubriacum]]<ref name="Holder II 1904">Holder, A. (1904). ''Alt-celtischer Sprachschatz'' (Band 2: I–Z). B. G. Teubner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rüber'')</small> * [[Rubrofontium]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rothenbach'')</small> * [[Ruccovillare]]<ref name="Müller & Haubrichs 1998">Müller, G., & Haubrichs, W. (1998). ''Nomen et gens: Zur historischen Aussagekraft frühmittelalterlicher Personennamen''. Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rückweiler'')</small> * [[Ruckeroda]]<ref name="Universitas Marpurgensis 1900">Ab [[Universitas Marpurgensis|Universitate Marpurgensi]] (1900). ''Catalogus studiosorum Marpurgensium: Die Matrikel de Universität Marburg (1700–1759)''. N.G. Elwert.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rückeroth''; dialectaliter ''Reggert'' seu ''Reegert'')</small> * [[Rudelinsbergum]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Riedelberg'')</small> * [[Rudensheimum]]<ref name="Senckenberg 1734">Senckenberg, H. C. von. (Ed.) (1734). ''Meditationes de iure feudali... ex culthura fontium et antiquitatenum Germanicarum illustrato''. Ex Officina Fleischeriana</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rittersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Rierschem'')</small> * [[Rudeshemium (ad Navam)|Rudeshemium]]<ref name="Pighius 1594">Pighius, S. V. (1594). ''Commentaria Germaniae in P. Cornelii Taciti Equitis Romani Historiarum libros''. Apud Joannem Keerbergium. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rüdesheim'')</small> * [[Rudichenroda]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Riegenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Rieschadd'')</small> * [[Rudilstercium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reudelsterz'')</small> * [[Rudivillarium]]<ref name="Arnold 1875"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruthweiler'')</small> * [[Ruhta]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Reuth'')</small> * [[Rulzheima]]<ref name="Fendius 1684">Fendius, J. (1684). ''Acta et Decreta Synodalia Dioecesis Spirensis''. Typis Joannis Christiani Jacobi.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rülzheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Rilze'')</small> * [[Rumbacha]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Raumbach'')</small> * [[Runa (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Runa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rhaunen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Roune'')</small> * [[Ruombachum]]<ref name="Bühler 1998">Bühler, C. (Ed.) (1998). ''Geroldsecker Regesten: Urkunden und Regesten zur Geschichte der Herren von Geroldseck'' (Band 1). Heidelbergae. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rumbach'')</small> * [[Ruoschesheimum]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rüssingen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Rischinge'')</small> * [[Rupes Abietum]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannenfels'')</small> * [[Ruppertsberga]]<ref name="Lehmann 1866">Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der Pfalz'' (Vol. 1). Gottschick-Witter; et: Lehmann, J. G. (1866). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der ehemaligen Pfalz'' (Vol. 1). [[Sancti Pirminii Sedes|Sancti Pirminii Sede]]: Druck und Verlag von Joh. Kaiser.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruppertsberg'')</small> * [[Rupprechteckenum]]<ref name="Regionalarchiv Kurpfalz 1576">Regionalarchiv Kurpfalz (1576). ''Urkundenband des Oberamts Alzey: Territorialgrenzen und Besitztümer'' (Blatt 72). Stadtverwaltung Saulheim.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruppertsecken'')</small> * [[Ruprechtshofium]]<ref name="Schliephake & Goerz II 1867">Schliephake, F. W. T., & Goerz, K. (1867). ''Geschichte von Nassau von den ältesten Zeiten bis auf die Gegenwart'' (Vol. 2). C. W. Kreidel.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruppertshofen'')</small> * [[Ruprechtswilra]]<ref name="Lehmann II 1867">Lehmann, J. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg im Elsasse'' (Band 2). Gottschick-Witter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruppertsweiler'')</small> * [[Ruschberga]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ruschberg'')</small> * [[Ruschweilerum-Mulenbachum]]<ref name="HVdP V 1875">Historischer Verein de Pfalz (Ed.) (1875). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 5). Verlag des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz</ref><ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rieschweiler-Mühlbach'')</small> * [[Rutzvillarium ad Glanam]]<ref name="Arnold 1875"/><ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rutsweiler am Glan'')</small> * [[Rutzvillarium ad Lutram]]<ref name="Arnold 1875"/><ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rutsweiler an der Lauter'')</small> * [[Ruvenbacha]]<ref name="Görz 1878"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Raubach'')</small> * [[Ryscheitum]]<ref name="Bär 1888">Bär, M. (1888). ''Die Regesten des Archivs der Fürsten von Wied''. Neowedae.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Rüscheid''; dialectaliter ''Rüscht'')</small> {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sackeslara]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saxler'')</small> * [[Saeptum Vivum (Tergum Caninum)|Saeptum Vivum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hecken'')</small> * [[Saffiga]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saffig'')</small> * [[Salissum]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Salz'')</small> * [[Salmana (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Salmana]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seelen'')</small> * [[Salmensis Vallis]]<ref name="Pauly 1979">Pauly, F. (1979). ''Das Erzbistum Trier: Die Stifte St. Paulin und St. Martin vor Trier'' (Germania Sacra, Neue Folge 13). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Salmtal'')</small> * [[Salmum (Eiflia)|Salmum]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Salm'')</small> * [[Salostadium]]<ref name="Müller & Haubrichs 1998"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Saalstadt'')</small> * [[Saltus Cameralis]]<ref name="Gensicke I 1999">Gensicke, H. (1999). ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'' (Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Nassau, 27). [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Historische Kommission für Nassau.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kammerforst'')</small> * [[Saltus Herii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herforst'')</small> * [[Salzburgum (Occidentalis Silva)|Salzburgum]]<ref name="Gensicke XIII 1962"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Salzburg'')</small> * [[Salzia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selzen'')</small> * [[Sambucetum (Occidentalis Silva)|Sambucetum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holler'')</small> * [[Sancta Aldegunda]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Aldegund'' seu ''Sankt Aldegund'')</small> * [[Sancta Catharina (Circulus terrae Neowidensis)|Sancta Catharina]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Neowidensis|Circulo terrae Neowidensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae Neowidensis"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Katharinen'')</small> * [[Sancta Catharina (prope Cruciniacum)|Sancta Catharina]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1915"/> <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Katharinen'' seu ''Sankt Catharinen'')</small> * [[Sanctus Albanus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Albanus]]<ref name="Boos 1888">Boos, H. (Ed.) (1888). ''Monumenta Wormatiensia: Annales et Chronica'' (Urkundenbuch der Stadt Worms, Band 1). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Alban''; [[Palatinice]] ''Delwe'')</small> * [[Sanctus Iohannes (Hassia Rhenana)|Sanctus Iohannes]]<ref name="Reisach II 1835">Reisach, K. A. Graf von. (1835). Urkundenbuch der Grafschaft Sponheim. ''Archiv für Rheinische Geschichte, 2''.</ref> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Johann'')</small> * [[Sanctus Iohannes (prope Magniacum)|Sanctus Iohannes]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1915">Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres (1915). ''Pouillés de la province de Trèves (Recueil des historiens de la France'', Tomus V). Imprimerie Nationale.</ref> <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Johann'')</small> * [[Sanctus Iulianus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Sanctus Iulianus]]<ref name="Fabricius XXXIII 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Band 33: Güter- und Grenzbeschreibungen der Westpfalz). Historischer Verein der Pfalz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Julian'')</small> * [[Sanctus Martinus (Palatinatus)|Sanctus Martinus]]<ref name="Remling I 1853">Remling, F. X. (1853). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der ehemaligen Abteien und Klöster im jetzigen Rheinbayern'' (Vol. 1). Kirchheim und Schott.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Martin'')</small> * [[Sanctus Sebastianus (ad Rhenum)|Sanctus Sebastianus]]<ref name="AdIeBL V 1915"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Sebastian'')</small> * [[Sanctus Thomas (Eiflia)|Sanctus Thomas]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sankt Thomas'')</small> * [[Sargenrothum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1914"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sargenroth''; [[Hunnice]] ''Särschidd'')</small> * [[Sarmersbachum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sarmersbach'')</small> * [[Sassenum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sassen'')</small> * [[Saviniacum ad Uram]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sevenig'')</small> * [[Saviniacum prope Novum Castellum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/><ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sevenig bei Neuerburg'')</small> * [[Saxum Balduini]]<ref name="Böhmer 1839">Böhmer, J. F. (1839). ''Regesta chronologico-diplomatica metropolitae Moguntinae: inde a primo archiepiscopo usque ad seculi decimi sexti finem''. F. Varrentrapp.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Balduinstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Hattonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hattgenstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Hadsche'')</small> * [[Saxum Mallei (ad Rhenum)|Saxum Mallei]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hammerstein'')</small> * [[Saxum Martini (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Saxum Martini]]<ref name="Traxl 1779">Traxl, S. (1779). ''Liber Mortuorum Parochiae Martinsteinensis: Acta et decreta''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Martinstein''; [[Hunnice]] ''Madinstän'')</small> * [[Saxum Scissum (Palatinatus)|Saxum Scissum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hauenstein''; [[Palatinice]] ''Hääschde'')</small> * [[Saxum Ulmeum]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Elmstein'')</small> * [[Scalcenbacus]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schalkenbach'')</small> * [[Scalmera]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schalkenmehren'')</small> * [[Scalodenbacus]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schallodenbach'')</small> * [[Scataturrigium Pulchrum (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Scataturrigium Pulchrum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönborn'')</small> * [[Scataturrigium Pulchrum (Palatinatus)|Scataturrigium Pulchrum]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönborn'')</small> * [[Scharfbylicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Scharfbillig'')</small> * [[Schulda]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schuld'')</small> * [[Schurda]]<ref name="Schannat 1725">Schannat, J. F. (1725). ''Corpus traditionum Fuldensium, ordine chronologico dispositum, cum commentario historico''. Lipsiae: Apud Io. Christianum Langenhemium.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schürdt'')</small> * [[Schutzbacum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schutzbach'')</small> * [[Schveixa]]<ref name="Lehmann 1866"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweix'')</small> * [[Schwalla]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwall'')</small> * [[Schwerbacum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwerbach'')</small> * [[Schwolla]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwollen'')</small> * [[Scoda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schoden'')</small> * [[Scolinare]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schönecken'')</small> * [[Scutia]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schutz'')</small> * [[Secka]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seck'')</small> * [[Seelbacum (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Seelbacum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Seelbach'')</small> * [[Seelbacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Seelbacum]]ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Seelbach'')</small> * [[Seelbacum prope Ambitum Sigae]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/><ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seelbach bei Hamm'')</small> * [[Seesbacum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seesbach'')</small> * [[Seibersbacum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seibersbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Säiwerschbach'')</small> * [[Seifenum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seifen'')</small> * [[Seinsfelda]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seinsfeld'')</small> * [[Selbacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Selbacum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selbach'')</small> * [[Selchenbacum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Selchenbach'')</small> * [[Seleheimum (Eiflia)|Seleheimum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sehlem'')</small> * [[Selricha]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sellerich'')</small> * [[Sembacum]]<ref name="Frey III 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sembach'')</small> * [[Seneheimium]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Senheim'')</small> * [[Sengericha]]<ref name="Schannat 1724"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sengerich'')</small> * [[Sensvilera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sensweiler'')</small> * [[Senzescheidum]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Senscheid'')</small> * [[Seracum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Serrig'')</small> * [[Sessenbacum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sessenbach'')</small> * [[Sessenhusa]]<ref name="Lacomblet II 1846"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sessenhausen''; dialectaliter '''')</small> * [[Severiacum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Severiacum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seffern'')</small> * [[Severvicum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Sefferweich'')</small> * [[Sicca Muschella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrmoschel'')</small> * [[Siebeldingen]] * [[Siebenbach]] * [[Siefersheim]] * [[Sien]] * [[Sienhachenbach]] * [[Sierscheid]] * [[Siershahn]] * [[Siesbach]] * [[Silva ad Paludem]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Forstmehren'')</small> * [[Silva Ardua (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Ardua]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hardt''; dialectaliter ''Hoord'')</small> * [[Silva Ecclesiae (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silva Ecclesiae]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Excoriata]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schindhard'')</small> * [[Silva Fagina (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Fagina]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Buchholz'')</small> * [[Silva Monachorum]]<ref name="Rossel I 1862">Rossel, K. (Ed.). (1862). ''Urkundenbuch des Monasteriums Eberbach im Rheingau'': Vol. I. Verlag von J. Riedner; et: Rossel, K. (1862). ''Urkundenbuch der Abtei Eberbach im Rheingau'' (Vol. 1). Roth.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchwald'')</small> * [[Silva Orbicularis]]<ref name="Schoepflin 1751">Schoepflin, J. D. (1751). ''Alsatia Illustrata: Celtica, Romana, Francica'' (Vol. 1). Typographia Regia.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Scheibenhardt'')</small> * [[Silva Pacis (Occidentalis Silva)|Silva Pacis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedewald'')</small> * [[Silva Separata]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Griebelschied'')</small> * [[Silvae Domus (Ardaha)|Silvae Domus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzheim'')</small> * [[Silvae Novale (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Silvae Novale]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Holzerath''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Holzröth'')</small> * [[Silz (Pfalz)|Silz]] * [[Simmern (Occidentalis Silva)|Simmern]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Singhofen]] * [[Sinspelt]] * [[Sippersfeld]] * [[Sitters]] * [[Sivoradum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Seiwerath'')</small> * [[Sohren]] * [[Sohrschied]] * [[Solitudo Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höheinöd'')</small> * [[Sommerau (an der Ruwer)|Sommerau]] * [[Sommerloch (prope Cruciniacum)|Sommerloch]] * [[Sonnenberg-Winnenberg]] * [[Sonnschied]] * [[Sörgenloch]] * [[Sörth]] * [[Sosberg]] * [[Spabrücken]] * [[Spall]] * [[Spangdahlem]] * [[Spanhemium]]<ref name="Trithemius 1601"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Burgsponheim'')</small> * [[Spay]] * [[Spaya Superior]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Osterspai'')</small> * [[Specula (Palatinatus)|Specula]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Lug'')</small> * [[Spesenroth]] * [[Spessart (Brohltal)|Spessart]] * [[Spiesheim]] * [[Spinifex Mons]] <small>(Theodisce ''Dörnberg'')</small> * [[Spinifex Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorn-Dürkheim'')</small> * [[Spinosi Nemoris Casae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dornholzhausen'')</small> * [[Spirkelbach]] * [[Sponheim]] * [[Sprendlingen]] * [[Stadecken-Elsheim]] * [[Stadtkyll]] * [[Stahlberg]] * [[Stahlhofen (Occidentalis Silva)|Stahlhofen]] <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Stahlhofen am Wiesensee]] * [[Standenbühl]] * [[Starkenburg (Mosel)|Starkenburg]] * [[Statio Danonis-Domus Scauerni]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dannstadt-Schauernheim'')</small> * [[Staudernheim]] * [[Staudt]] * [[Stebach]] * [[Steffeln]] * [[Steimel]] * [[Steinalben]] * [[Steinbach (Tergum Caninum)|Steinbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Steinbach am Donnersberg]] * [[Steinbach am Glan]] * [[Stein-Bockenheim]] * [[Steinborn]] * [[Steinebach an der Wied]] * [[Steinebach/Sieg]] * [[Steineberg]] * [[Steinefrenz]] * [[Steinen (Occidentalis Silva)|Steinen]] * [[Steineroth]] * [[Steinfeld (Pfalz)|Steinfeld]] * [[Steinhusium Minus]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kleinsteinhausen'')</small> * [[Steiningen]] * [[Stein-Neukirch]] * [[Steinsberg (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Steinsberg]] * [[Steinweiler]] * [[Steinwenden]] * [[Stein-Wingert]] * [[Stelzenberg]] * [[Stetten (Pfalz)|Stetten]] * [[Stipshausen]] * [[Stockem (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Stockem]] * [[Stockhausen-Illfurth]] * [[Stockum-Püschen]] * [[Straßenhaus]] * [[Streithausen]] * [[Stremichium Medium]]<ref name="Brommer 2003"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Mittelstrimmig''; [[Hunnice]] ''Niwwa'' seu ''Middelstriemisch'')</small> * [[Strickscheid]] * [[Strohn]] * [[Strotzbüsch]] * [[Strüth]] * [[Stürzelbach]] * [[Suabenheimium ad Saliam]]<ref name="Chytraeus 1599">Chytraeus, D. (1599). ''Saxonia, ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad MDXCIX recognita, et ad hoc usque praesentem annum MDC continuata''. [[Lipsia]]e: Impensis Henningi Grosii.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwabenheim an der Selz'')</small> * [[Suabenheimum Clericorum]]<ref name="Würdtwein IX 1787">Würdtwein, S. A. (1787). ''Nova Subsida Diplomatica ad Selecta Juris Ecclesiastici Germaniae: Vol. IX''. Typis Academicis.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Pfaffen-Schwabenheim'')</small> * [[Suaneheimium]]<ref name="Lehmann 1866"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwanheim'')</small> * [[Suegenheimium]]<ref name="Freher 1613">Freher, M. (1613). ''Originum Palatinarum commentarius, in quo Ambronis et Lopoduni, et lici utriusque antiquitates praecipue referuntur''. Francofurti: Typis Gotthardi Voegelini.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwegenheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Schwechnem'')</small> * [[Sueighofara]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweighofen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Schwäächhoffe'')</small> * [[Suethelbacum]]<ref name="Frey III 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwedelbach'')</small> * [[Suezverdena]]<ref name="Hontheim 1757">Hontheim, J. N. a. (1757). ''Historia Trevirensis diplomatica et pragmatica, inde a translata episcoporum cathedra ad haec usque tempora'' (Vol. 1). Augustae Vindelicorum: Impensis Veith.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwirzheim'')</small> * [[Suiga-Rechtenbacum]]<ref name="Schoepflin I 1772"/><ref name="Remling II 1853"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweigen-Rechtenbach'')</small> * [[Suinescheida]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweinschied'')</small> * [[Suisvilerum]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweisweiler'')</small> * [[Sulcia Superior]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohen-Sülzen'')</small> * [[Sulenheimum]]<ref name="Böhmer & Will 1877">Böhmer, J. F., & Will, C. (1877). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe'' (Vol. 1). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]].</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Saulheim'')</small> * [[Sülm]] * [[Sulzbach (Tergum Caninum)|Sulzbach]] <small>(bei Idar-Oberstein)</small> * [[Sulzbach (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Sulzbach]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> * [[Sulzbacum ad Glanum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Herren-Sulzbach'')</small> * [[Sulzheim (Hassia Rhenana)|Sulzheim]] * [[Superior Alisontia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberelz'')</small> * [[Superior Bettinga]]<ref name="Superior-ius">Germanica toponyma cum praefixo ''Ober-'' plerumque latinizari solent addito, anteposito aut postposito, adiectivo latinizato "superior-ius", quamquam huic praefixo variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Castellio Superior]], Dei Superior, Palatinatus Superior apud {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbettingen'')</small> * [[Superior Campus Civitatis]]<ref name="Schorn II 1889">Schorn, C. (1889). ''Eiflia Sacra oder Geschichte der Klöster und geistlichen Stiftungen der Eifel'' (Vol. 2). P. Hanstein.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstadtfeld'')</small> * [[Superior Chyrna]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuakehre'')</small> * [[Superior Costancia]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober Kostenz''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uua Kosdens'')</small> * [[Superior Curia (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Curia]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obernhof'')</small> * [[Superior Kila]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberkail''; dialectaliter [[Eiflice]] ''Owerkehl'')</small> * [[Superior Lara]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlahr'')</small> * [[Superior Lucha]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlauch'')</small> * [[Superior Nysena]]<ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberneisen'')</small> * [[Superior Ranarum]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Höhfröschen'')</small> * [[Superior Rivus Argillosus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hohenleimbach'')</small> * [[Superior Simmena]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersimten'')</small> * [[Superior Spira]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hochspeyer'')</small> * [[Superior Sulza]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersülzen'')</small> * [[Superior Vella]]<ref name="Görz 1876"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfell'')</small> * [[Superior Vicus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Superior Vicus]]<ref name="Goerz 1874"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweis'')</small> * [[Superior Villa (Palatinatus)|Superior Villa]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberndorf'')</small> * [[Superior Werresbachus]]<ref name="Lamprecht II 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Quellen: Vol. II''. Dykschen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwörresbach'')</small> * [[Superior Yrsea]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberirsen'')</small> * [[Superius Bacheimum]]<ref name="Kehrein 1860">Kehrein, J. (1860). ''Volkssprache und Volkssitte im Herzogthum Nassau: Ein Beitrag zur nassauischen Landes- und Volkskunde''. Verlag von Georg Joseph Manz.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbachheim'')</small> * [[Superius Brambacum]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberbrombach'')</small> * [[Superius Durenbacum]]<ref name="Schorn II 1837"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdürenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erlebacum (prope Montem Taborem)|Superius Erlebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Gensicke III 1999"/> <small>(prope [[Mons Tabor (Germania)|Montem Taborem]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Erpacum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Erpacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Obererbach'')</small> * [[Superius Fischbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberfischbach'')</small> * [[Superius Flersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Wyss II 1884">Wyss, A. (1884). ''Hessisches Urkundenbuch: Urkundenbuch der Deutschordens-Ballei Hessen'' (Vol. 2). Hirzel Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Flörsheim'')</small> * [[Superius Gecklerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Vannérus 1928">Vannérus, J. (1928). ''Les dénombrements des feux des duché de Luxembourg et comté de Chiny''. Commission Royale d'Histoire de Belgique.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Obergeckler'')</small> * [[Superius Hambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhambach'')</small> * [[Superius Heidum (Occidentalis Silva)|Superius Heidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886">Sauer, W. (1886). ''Codex diplomaticus Nassoicus: Sammlung nassauischer Urkundenbucher''. Julius Niedner; Sauer, W. (Ed.) (1886); et: Sauer, W. (1886). ''Nassauisches Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden des ehemals nassauischen Gebiets, einschließlich der dortigen Klöster und Stifte'' (Vol. 1). J. Niedner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhaid'')</small> * [[Superius Heimbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722">Ioannis, G. C. (1722). ''Rerum Moguntiacarum: Volumen primum continens scriptores ad historiam et dioecesim Moguntinam pertinentes''. Francofurti ad Moenum: Johannis Maximilianum von Sande.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberheimbach'')</small> * [[Superius Hilbersheimum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Ioannis 1722"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Hilbersheim'')</small> * [[Superius Honnefeldum-Gierendum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhonnefeld-Gierend'')</small> * [[Superius Hosanbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberhosenbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Uuabuxebach'')</small> * [[Superius Lascheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934">Oster, P. (1934). ''Geschichte de Pfarreien der Diözese Trier: Das Dekanat Daun''. Paulinus-Druckerei.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberlascheid'')</small> * [[Superius Otterbacum]]<ref name="Debus 1984"/> <ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberotterbach'')</small> * [[Superius Pierscheidum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Oster 1934"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberpierscheid'')</small> * [[Superius Radenum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Heuser 1988"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberraden'')</small> * [[Superius Reidenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberreidenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Rodum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberrod'')</small> * [[Superius Rossbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberroßbach'')</small> * [[Superius Scheidwillerum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberscheidweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Schlettenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberschlettenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Staufenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstaufenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Stedehemum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstedem'')</small> * [[Superius Steinebacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Sauer 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obersteinebach'')</small> * [[Superius Streitum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberstreit'')</small> * [[Superius Tiefenbacum (Taunus)|Superius Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Obertiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium (Eiflia)|Superius Villarium]]<ref name="Beyer II 1865"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium in Valle]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler im Tal'')</small> * [[Superius Villarium-Tiefenbacum]]<ref name="Fabricius XXX 1913">Fabricius, W. (1913). ''Die Grafschaft Veldenz. In: Mitteilungen des Historischen Vereins der Pfalz'' (Vol. 33). [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]].</ref><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberweiler-Tiefenbach'')</small> * [[Superius Wallmenacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwallmenach'')</small> * [[Superius Wambacum]]<ref name="Superior-ius"/><ref name="Debus 1984"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberwambach'')</small> * [[Svechusa]]<ref name="Kraus 1904">Kraus, F. X. (1904). ''Die Kunstdenkmäler des Grossherzogthums Baden: Beschreibende Statistik'' (Vol. 6). [[Tubinga]]e: Verlag von J. C. B. Mohr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweighausen'')</small> * [[Sveppenhusa]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schweppenhausen''; [[Hunnice]] ''Schwebbehouse'')</small> * [[Swarza (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Swarza]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schwarzen'')</small> * [[Symera]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Simmertal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Siemerdaal'')</small> * [[Syncar Villa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schüller'')</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Taben-Rodt]] * [[Taberna (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Taberna]]<ref name="Lewis & Short 1879">Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1879). ''A Latin Dictionary''. [[Oxonia]]e: Clarendon Press.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Kraam'')</small> * [[Tabernae Rhenanae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Rheinzabern''; [[Palatinice]] ''Rheinzawere'')</small> * [[Talling]] * [[Tawern]] * [[Tectum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Tectum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schopp'')</small> * [[Tellig]] * [[Temmels]] * [[Terra de Alba]]<ref name="Dolch & Greule 1991"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberalben'')</small> * [[Teschenmoschel]] * [[Thaleischweiler-Fröschen]] * [[Thalhausen]] * [[Thallichtenberg]] * [[Theisbergstegen]] * [[Theodericenovale]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörth'')</small> * [[Theoderici Separatio]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886">Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Quellen zunächst des Mosellandes'' (Vol. 1). Alphons Dürr; et: Lamprecht, K. (1886). ''Deutsches Wirtschaftsleben im Mittelalter: Untersuchungen über die Entwicklung der materiellen Kultur des platten Landes auf Grund der Moselländischen Urkunden'' (Vol. 1, Pars 2). Dürr.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Dierscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericicella]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsel'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa |Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidivisa (Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis)|Theodericidivisa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis|Circulo terrae Magniacensi et Confluentensi]]<ref name="CTMEC">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Magniacensis et Confluentensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Mayen-Koblenz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Magniacensis-e" et "Confluentensis-e" ad urbes [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]] et [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentes]] referuntur. Quibus de toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Ditscheid'')</small> * [[Theodericidomium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dintesheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dorsheim'')</small> * [[Theodericidomus et Coryletum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittelsheim-Heßloch'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus Montis Iovis)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Montis Iovis|Circulo Montis Iovis]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisen''; [[Palatinice]] ''Drase'')</small> * [[Theodericifons (Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci)|Theodericifons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci|Circulo terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci]]<ref name="CTTMCEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Tabernarum Mosellanicarum-Cusae et Vitelliaci" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bernkastel-Wittlich'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et de Latinis toponymis "[[Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa|Tabernae Mosellanicae-Cusa]]" et "[[Vitelliacum]]", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis'')</small> * [[Theodericifons et Pons]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreis-Brück'')</small> * [[Theodericifusum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dünfus''; dialectaliter Duenfusensice<ref name="Duenfusensice">Adverbium in gentilicio "Duenfusensis-e" fundatur. Quo de gentilicio, vide: Görz, A. (1874). ''Mittelrheinische Regesten: oder chronologische Zusammenstellung der Quellenbriefe für die Geschichte der Territorien der heutigen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier''. [[Confluentes (Germania)|Confluentibus]]: Denkert & Groos.</ref> ''Dimmes'')</small> * [[Theodericinga]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dietrichingen'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis|Circulo terrae Cruciniacensi]]<ref name="CTCru">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Cruciniacensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Bad Kreuznach'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Cruciniacum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Cruciniacensis-e" refertur-, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörrebach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae|Circulo terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae]]<ref name="CTEV">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Eiflae Vulcanicae" -Theodisce ''Vulkaneifel'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) et Latinum toponymum "[[Eifla]]" Theodiscum lexema ''-eifel'' et Latinum adiectivum "[[Mons ignifer|vulcanicus-a-um]]" Theodiscum praefixum ''Vulkan-'' vertit. Quo de toponymo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Duppach'')</small> * [[Theodericirivus (Occidentalis Silva)|Theodericirivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Occidentalis Silva|Occidentali Silva]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreisbach''; dialectaliter ''Draasbich'')</small> * [[Theodericisedes]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Donsieders''; [[Palatanice]] ''Dunsiters'')</small> * [[Theodericistreia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dirmstein'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Theodericivilla]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dörsdorf'')</small> * [[Theodericivilla (Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini)|Theodericivilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dillendorf''; [[Hunnice]] ''Dilledoref'')</small> * [[Theodericocampus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Döttesfeld'')</small> * [[Theodericohardus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Diethardt'')</small> * [[Theodericorivus (Palatinatus)|Theodericorivus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dimbach'')</small> * [[Theodericovilla]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dittweiler'')</small> * [[Theotbacis]]<ref name="Köbler 2016"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberdiebach'')</small> * [[Thomae et Lamberti Villa]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dohm-Lammersdorf'')</small> * [[Thomm]] * [[Thörlingen]] * [[Thörnich]] * [[Thulinkircha]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dielkirchen'')</small> * [[Thür]] * [[Tiefenbach (Tergum Caninum)|Tiefenbach]] <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Pfalz)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Tiefenthal (Hassia Rhenana)|Tiefenthal]] <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> * [[Todenroth]] * [[Torrens Corvinus-Kaulbachium]]<ref name="Christmann 1952">Christmann, E. (1952). ''Die Siedlungsnamen der Pfalz''. [[Spira (urbs)|Spirae]]: Verlag der Pfälzischen Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften.</ref><ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kreimbach-Kaulbach'')</small> * [[Torrens Ursorum (prope Idaram-Supra Petra)|Torrens Ursorum]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(prope [[Idara-Supra Petra|Idaram-Supra Petra]]<ref name="Steininger 1834"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärenbach'')</small> * [[Traisen (ad Navam)|Traisen]] * [[Trassem]] * [[Trechtingshausen]] * [[Treis-Karden]] * [[Tricampia]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce 'Dreifelden''')</small> * [[Tricclesiae]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dreikirchen'')</small> * [[Trierscheid]] * [[Trierweiler]] * [[Trimbs]] * [[Trimport]] * [[Trippstadt]] * [[Trittenheim]] * [[Troneccum]]<ref name="Linden 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dhronecken'')</small> * [[Trulben]] {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Übereisenbach]] * [[Udenheim]] * [[Üdersdorf]] * [[Udilonis Fons]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989">Pokorny, J. (1959). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag; et: Pokorny, J. (1989). ''Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Francke Verlag. </ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Eitelborn'')</small> * [[Udler]] * [[Uelversheim]] * [[Uersfeld]] * [[Ueß]] * [[Uffeninga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Oberöfflingen'')</small> * [[Uhler]] * [[Ulmena Superior]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933"/><ref name="Superior-ius"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ober-Olm'')</small> * [[Ulmet]] * [[Ulmezum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Olzheim'')</small> * [[Uminis Domus]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eimsheim'')</small> * [[Undenheim]] * [[Uniclivium]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einöllen'')</small> * [[Unicum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Unicum]]<ref name="Lamprecht I 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Einig'')</small> * [[Unkenbach]] * [[Unnau]] * [[Unterjeckenbach]] * [[Untershausen]] * [[Unzenberg]] * [[Uppershausen]] * [[Urbach (Occidentalis Silva)|Urbach]] * [[Urbar (bei Koblenz)|Urbar]] <small>(bei Koblenz)</small> * [[Urbar (Rhein-Hunsrück-Kreis)|Urbar]] <small>(in [[Circulus Rheni et Tergi Canini|Circulo Rheni et Tergi Canini]]<ref name="CRETC"/>)</small> * [[Urmersbach]] * [[Urmitz]] * [[Urschmitt]] * [[Ürzig]] * [[Usch (Eiflia)|Usch]] * [[Uterina Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eußerthal'')</small> * [[Utscheid]] * [[Üttfeld]] * [[Utzenhain]] * [[Utzerath]] * [[Üxheim]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vadum (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vadum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fürthen'')</small> * [[Vallemeroda]]<ref name="Steininger 1836"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Wallmerod'')</small> * [[Vallis (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fell''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Faähl'')</small> * [[Vallis Acidula]]<ref name="Simrock 1840">Simrock, K. (1840). ''Das malerische und romantische Rheinland''. In Commission bei Georg Wigand.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Sauerthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Ampla (Tergum Caninum)|Vallis Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenthal''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bränel'' seu ''Brään'l'')</small> * [[Vallis Bodonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bobenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Hassia Rhenana)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dalheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Domus (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Domus]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlheim'')</small> * [[Vallis Guldeni]]<ref name="Widder 1788"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Guldental'')</small> * [[Vallis Henschi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Henschtal'')</small> * [[Vallis Inferior (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vallis Inferior]]<ref name="Günther 1822">Günther, W. A. (1822). ''Codex diplomaticus Rheno-Mosellanus: Urkunden-Sammlung zur Geschichte der Rhein- und Mosellande'' (Vol. 1). B. Heriot.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederfell'')</small> * [[Vallis Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nistertal'')</small> * [[Vallis Picta]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bundenthal'')</small> * [[Vallis Pontis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brücktal'')</small> * [[Vallis Servitutis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienethal'')</small> * [[Valwig]] * [[Veitsrodt]] * [[Veldenz]] * [[Vendersheim]] * [[Venningen]] * [[Vettelschoß]] * [[Vetus Ecclesia (Palatinatus)|Vetus Ecclesia]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altenkirchen'')</small> * [[Vetus Lininga]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Altleiningen'')</small> * [[Vicus Beronis (Eiflia)|Vicus Beronis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berndorf'')</small> * [[Vicus Bicilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bickelheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Episcopi (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Vicus Episcopi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Bischofsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flamingorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flemlingen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flaronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fleringen'')</small> * [[Vicus Flonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flonheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Flori et Dagolfi]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Flörsheim-Dalsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Franzenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridinis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friedelsheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Frlsm'')</small> * [[Vicus Fridonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frettenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Albam)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad Albam<ref name="BÄr 1891"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (ad Saletionem)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(ad [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletionem]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Framersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frimari (Palatinatus)|Vicus Frimari]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Freimersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Frisonis (Hassia Rhenana)|Vicus Frisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Friesenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gawirici]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gauersheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Gaaschem'')</small> * [[Vicus Geisboti]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gabsheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Gundonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fußgönheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Hepponis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Heppenheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberi Liubheris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frei-Laubersheim'')</small> * [[Vicus Liberorum (Occidentalis Silva)|Vicus Liberorum]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freilingen''; dialectaliter ''Frälinge'')</small> * [[Vicus Otarii]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Odernheim'')</small> * [[Vicus prope Malbergum]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Malbergweich'')</small> * [[Vicus Raconis Liber]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Freirachdorf''; dialectaliter ''Fraerachdorw'')</small> * [[Vicus Waganis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gau-Weinheim'')</small> * [[Vielbach]] * [[Vierherrenborn]] * [[Villa Ampla (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Ampla]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breitenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Baltrammi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bassonis]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bassenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Beconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bellonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1857"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bellheim''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bellem'')</small> * [[Villa Bermari]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bermersheim vor der Höhe'')</small> * [[Villa Bertolfi]]<ref name="Roth, Stolper & von Bechtolsheim 2007">Roth, M. T., Stolper, M. W., & von Bechtolsheim, P. (2007). ''Studies presented to Robert D. Biggs, June 4, 2000''. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bechtolsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bettonis (Taunus)|Villa Bettonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bettendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bibilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bickonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bieri]]<ref name="Kyll 1988">Kyll, T. (1988). ''Biersdorf - Eine kleine Chronik: Dorfgeschichte von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart''. Villae Bieri.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biersdorf am See'')</small> * [[Villa Bilca]]<ref name="Vogel 1843">Vogel, C. D. (1843). ''Beschreibung des Herzogthums Nassau''. [[Aquae Mattiacae|Aquis Mattiacis]]: Beyerle.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bilkheim'')</small> * [[Villa Billingi et Ingeni]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867">Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz''. [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]: Tascher: et; Lehmann, I. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Klöster in der vormaligen Pfalz''. Verlag der J. J. Tascher'schen Buchhandlung; et: ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Burgen und Bergschlösser in den ehemaligen Gauen, Grafschaften und Herrschaften der bayerischen Pfalz'' (Vol. 4 & 5). [[Caesarea Lutra|Caesareae Lutrae]]; et: Lehmann, J. G. (1867). ''Urkundliche Geschichte der Grafschaft Hanau-Lichtenberg im Elsasse'' (Vol. 2). J. Schneider.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Billigheim-Ingenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bizzirichi]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bissersheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bobonis (Palatinatus)|Villa Bobonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Böbingen'')</small> * [[Villa Bocconis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bockenheim an der Weinstraße''; [[Palatinice]] ''Bockrem'')</small> * [[Villa Bodonis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976">Kaufmann, H. (1976). ''Rheinhessische Ortsnamen''. Monaci: Wilhelm Fink Verlag.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Bodenheim'')</small> * [[Villa Bousonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bausendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Brachiti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brecht'')</small> * [[Villa Brachti]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Brachtendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Bubilonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Biebelnheim'')</small> * [[Villa Budonis (Eiflia)|Villa Budonis]]<ref name="Meiller 1866">Meiller, A. von. (1866). ''Regesta archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium: Regesten zur Geschichte der Mainzer Erzbischöfe''. [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner’sche Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Biesdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Comitis in Trogona]]<ref name="Gudenus 1743"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gräfendhron'')</small> * [[Villa Crassa]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dickendorf'')</small> * [[Villa Deghonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dexheim'')</small> * [[Villa Dinonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienheim'')</small> * [[Villa Ecclesiastica (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Ecclesiastica]]<ref name="Marx II 1843"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kördorf'')</small> * [[Villa Ezzonis]]<ref name="Pokorny 1959 & 1989"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Eßweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fabri]]<ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schmittweiler'')</small> * [[Villa Feuzonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feusdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Filonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Feilsdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis|Circulo Rhenano et Lauganensi]]<ref name="CREL">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis" -Theodisce ''Rhein-Lahn-Kreis'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-Kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Rhenanus-a-um" et "Lauganensis-e" ad flumina [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] et [[Laugana]]m referuntur. De primo hydronymo, vide {{Graesse}}; de secundo, vide {{Murray}}. De Latinā huius circuli versione, confer aliarum linguarum versiones ''Distrito de Rin-Lahn'' et ''Arrondissement de Rhin-Lahn'' et ''Distrito do Reno-Lano'' et ''Circondario del Reno-Lahn'' et ''Zemský okres Rýn-Lahn'' et Рейн-Лан.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornich'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Hassia Rhenana)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Kaufmann 1976"/> <small>(in [[Hassia Rhenana]]<ref name="Hassia Rhenana">Vide [https://dn790008.ca.archive.org/0/items/a608058900schuuoft/a608058900schuuoft.pdf ''Status dioecesium catholicarum in Austria germanica''], ubi dicitur "Hassia rhenana (ubi jus francogallicum valet)".</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Fontis (Palatinatus)|Villa Fontis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bornheim'')</small> * [[Villa Furnorum]]<ref name="Forcellini 1864-1887"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Föhren'')</small> * [[Villa Hamulonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hemmelzen'')</small> * [[Villa Heisonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heisdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Helmani]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Helmenzen'')</small> * [[Villa Monachorum supra Rodalbam]]<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/><ref name="Lehmann 1867"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Münchweiler an der Rodalb'')</small> * [[Villa Palustris]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Fensdorf'')</small> * [[Villa Sagittaria]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schiesheim'')</small> * [[Villa Scillonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schillingen'')</small> * [[Villa Scorionis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schornsheim'')</small> * [[Villa Scymari]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Schömerich'')</small> * [[Villa Solitaria (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Villa Solitaria]]<ref name="Böhmer 1870">Böhmer, J. F. (1870). ''Regesta Archiepiscoporum Maguntinensium''. Wagner.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Einselthum''; [[Palatinice]] ''Oinseldumm'')</small> * [[Villa Vallis (prope Bedense Castrum)|Villa Vallis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dahlem'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Eiflia)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare ad Casas (Silva Alta)|Villare ad Casas]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(in Silva Alta<ref name="Steininger 1836"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Beuren'')</small> * [[Villare Battonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Battweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bavonis (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Villare Bavonis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis" -Theodisce ''Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum suffixum ''-kreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit et Latina gentilicia "Eiflensis-e" et "Bedensis-e" et "Prumiensis-e" ad [[Eifla]]m et "Bedense castrum" et "[[Prumia (monasterium)|Prumiam]]" referuntur. Omnibus de his toponymis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Bauler'')</small> * [[Villare Belgicum]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Belgweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bellischwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Benzonis]]<ref name="Görz 1886"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Benzweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bensad'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Bemondulam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Stadt Baumholder"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Baumholder'')</small> * [[Villare Berichonis prope Kyrinam]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/><ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Berschweiler bei Kirn''; [[Hunnice]] ''Berschwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Beronis]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Barweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Betularum]]<ref name="Bärsch 1844"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Birkweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Bruningis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Breunigweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Brunonis]]<ref name="Lehmann 1841"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Braunweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Cerasorum]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dannonis-Rivus Dominicus]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dennweiler-Frohnbach'')</small> * [[Villare Dassonis]]<ref name="Schannat 1723"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Daxweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Dintzonis]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Dienstweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Domus]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heimweiler'')</small> * [[Villare ad Ecclesiam]]<ref name="Schannat I 1794"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kirchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Ericae]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Heidweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Fartonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900">Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen''. [[Bonna]]e: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen'' (Vol. 2). Bonnae, in Germania: Hanstein; et: Förstemann, E. (1900). ''Altdeutsches Namenbuch: Ortsnamen und sonstige geographische Namen'' (Vol. 2). Nordhausen.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Farschweiler''; [[Franconice-Mosellanice]] ''Foaschweila'')</small> * [[Villare Fersconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Ferschweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Franconis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Frankweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Geilonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehlweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Gälwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Geronis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gehrweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Grawonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1900"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Gaugrehweiler''; [[Palatinice]] ''Grehwiller'')</small> * [[Villare Hanonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hennweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Herichi]]<ref> regionalgeschichte.net. (s.f.). ''Geschichte von Herchweiler''.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Herchweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Husonis]]<ref name="Förstemann 1916"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Hausweiler'')</small> * [[Villare in Monte]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bergweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Eiflia)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Schannat & Bärsch 1824">Schannat, J. F., & Bärsch, G. (1824). ''Eiflia illustrata, sive geographica et historica descriptio Eifliae'' (Vol. 1). I. A. Mayer.</ref> <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Inferius (Tergum Caninum)|Villare Inferius]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(in [[Tergum Caninum|Tergo Canino]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Nierawilla'')</small> * [[Villare Kylburgense]]<ref name="Beyer 1860"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Kyllburgweiler'')</small> * [[Villare Novum in Silva]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Naurath'')</small> * [[Villare Paludosum]]<ref name="Wampach 1935"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bruchweiler''; [[Hunnice]] ''Bruchwilla'')</small> * [[Villare Ursi]]<ref name="Hontheim 1750"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Bärweiler'')</small> * [[Villarium Inferius ad Appelam]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederhausen an der Appel''; [[Palatinice]] ''Nerrerhause'')</small> * [[Villarium Nistrae]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Nister-Möhrendorf'')</small> * [[Vinningen]] * [[Virneburg]] * [[Völkersweiler]] * [[Volkerzen]] * [[Volkesfeld]] * [[Vollmersbach]] * [[Vollmersweiler]] * [[Volxheim]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Wachenheim (Pfrimm)|Wachenheim]] * [[Wagenhausen (Eiflia)|Wagenhausen]] * [[Wahlbach (Tergum Caninum)|Wahlbach]] * [[Wahlenau]] * [[Wahlheim]] * [[Wahlrod]] * [[Wahnwegen]] * [[Waigandshain]] * [[Waldalgesheim]] * [[Waldböckelheim]] <small>(Theodisce ''Waldböckelheim''; [[Hunnice]] ''Beggelum'')</small> * [[Waldbreitbach]] * [[Waldesch]] * [[Waldfischbach-Burgalben]] * [[Waldgrehweiler]] * [[Waldhambach (Pfalz)|Waldhambach]] * [[Waldhof-Falkenstein]] * [[Waldlaubersheim]] * [[Waldleiningen]] * [[Waldmühlen]] * [[Waldorf (Rheinland-Pfalz)|Waldorf]] * [[Waldrach]] * [[Waldrohrbach]] * [[Waldsee (Pfalz)|Waldsee]] * [[Waldweiler]] * [[Walhausen]] * [[Wallenborn]] * [[Wallendorf (Eiflia)|Wallendorf]] * [[Wallersheim (Eiflia)|Wallersheim]] * [[Wallertheim]] * [[Wallhalben]] * [[Wallhausen (prope Cruciniacum)|Wallhausen]] * [[Wallmenroth]] * [[Wallscheid]] * [[Walsdorf (Eiflia)|Walsdorf]] * [[Walshausen]] * [[Walsheim]] * [[Walterschen]] * [[Wambacum Inferius]]<ref name="AACeT II 1865">Archivum Archidioecesis Confluentinae et Trevirensis (1865). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 2). J. Hölscher.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwambach'')</small> * [[Warmsroth]] * [[Wartenberg-Rohrbach]] * [[Wasenbach]] * [[Wassenach]] * [[Wasserliesch]] * [[Wattenheim]] * [[Watzerath]] * [[Wawern (Eiflia)|Wawern]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Wawern (Saar)|Wawern]] <small>(Saar)</small> * [[Waxweiler]] * [[Wehr (Eiflia)|Wehr]] * [[Weibern (Eiflia)|Weibern]] * [[Weiden (Circulus terrae Birkenfeldensis)|Weiden]] * [[Weidenbach (Eiflia)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weidenbach (Taunus)|Weidenbach]] <small>(in [[Taunus mons|Tauno]]<ref name="Hofmann"/>)</small> * [[Weidenhahn]] * [[Weidenthal]] * [[Weidingen]] * [[Weiler (prope Magniacum)|Weiler]] <small>(prope [[Magniacum (Germania)|Magniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weiler (bei Ulmen)|Weiler]] <small>(bei Ulmen)</small> * [[Weiler bei Bingen]] * [[Weiler bei Monzingen]] * [[Weilerbach]] * [[Weinähr]] * [[Weingarten (Pfalz)]] * [[Weinolsheim]] * [[Weinsheim (prope Cruciniacum)|Weinsheim]] <small>(prope [[Cruciniacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weinsheim (Eiflia)|Weinsheim]] <small>(in [[Eiflia]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Weisel (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weisel]] * [[Weisenheim am Berg]] * [[Weisenheim am Sand]] * [[Weitefeld]] * [[Weitersbach]] * [[Weitersborn]] * [[Weitersburg]] * [[Weitersweiler]] * [[Welcherath]] * [[Welchweiler]] * [[Welgesheim]] * [[Welkenbach]] * [[Wellen (Mosel)|Wellen]] * [[Welling]] * [[Welschbillig]] * [[Welschenbach]] * [[Welschneudorf]] * [[Welterod]] * [[Weltersburg]] * [[Wendelsheim]] * [[Werkhausen]] * [[Wernersberg]] * [[Weroth]] * [[Werresbachus Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederwörresbach''; [[Hunnice]] ''Wärtsbach'')</small> * [[Wershofen]] * [[Weselberg]] * [[Westernohe]] * [[Westheim (Pfalz)]] * [[Westhofen]] * [[Wettlingen]] * [[Weyer (Circulus Rhenanus et Lauganensis)|Weyer]] * [[Weyerbusch]] * [[Weyher in der Pfalz]] * [[Wickenrodt]] * [[Wiebelsheim]] * [[Wied (bei Hachenburg)|Wied]] * [[Wierschem]] * [[Wiersdorf (Eiflia)|Wiersdorf]] * [[Wiesbach (Pfalz)|Wiesbach]] * [[Wiesbaum]] * [[Wiesemscheid]] * [[Wiesweiler]] * [[Wilgartswiesen]] * [[Willingen (Occidentalis Silva)|Willingen]] * [[Willmenrod]] * [[Willroth]] * [[Willwerscheid]] * [[Wilsecker]] * [[Wiltingen]] * [[Wilzenberg-Hußweiler]] * [[Wimbach]] * [[Wincheringen]] * [[Winden (Nassau)|Winden]] <small>(Nassau)</small> * [[Winden (Pfalz)|Winden]] <small>(in [[Palatinatus|Palatinatu]]<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> * [[Windesheim]] * [[Windhagen]] * [[Winkel (Eiflia)]] * [[Winkelbach]] * [[Winnen]] * [[Winnerath]] * [[Winningen]] * [[Winnweiler]] * [[Winringen]] * [[Winterbach (Pfalz)]] * [[Winterbach (Soonwald)|Winterbach]] <small>(Soonwald)</small> * [[Winterborn (Pfalz)|Winterborn]] * [[Winterburg]] * [[Winternheimium Minus]]<ref name="Remling 1852"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Klein-Winternheim'')</small> * [[Winterscheid]] * [[Wintersheim]] * [[Winterspelt]] * [[Winterwerb]] * [[Wintrich]] * [[Wirft]] * [[Wirfus]] * [[Wirscheid]] * [[Wirschweiler]] * [[Wisa (Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Wampach I 1930"/> <small>(in [[Circulus Eiflensis Bedensis et Prumiensis|Circulo Eiflensi Bedensi et Prumiensi]]<ref name="CEBEP"/>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederweis'')</small> * [[Wisa (Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis)|Wisa]]<ref name="Glöckner II 1933">Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vol. 2). Darmstadii: Historischer Verein für Hessen; et: Glöckner, K. (1933). ''Codex Laureshamensis (Vo 2): Kopialbuch, Tomus 1: Oberrhein-, Lobden-, Worms-, Nahe- und Speiergau''. Historische Kommission für den Volksstaat Hessen.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Alceiensis-Vormatiensis|Circulo terrae Alceiensi-Vormatiensi]]<ref name="Circulus terrae"/><ref name="Egli 1893"/><ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Landkreis Alzey-Worms">Theodisce ''Landkreis Alzey-Worms''.</ref>)</small> <small>(Theodisce ''Nieder-Wiesen'')</small> * [[Wißmannsdorf]] * [[Wittgert]] * [[Woldert]] * [[Wölferlingen]] * [[Wolfsheim (Gemeinde)|Wolfsheim]] * [[Wolken (bei Koblenz)|Wolken]] * [[Wollmerath]] * [[Wöllstein]] * [[Wölmersen]] * [[Wolsfeld]] * [[Womrath]] * [[Wonsheim]] * [[Woppenroth]] * [[Würrich]] * [[Würzweiler]] * [[Wüschheim (Tergum Caninum)|Wüschheim]] * [[Wydentale]]<ref>Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). ''About: Hinterweidenthal''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> <small>(Theodisce ''Hinterweidenthal'')</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zehnhausen bei Rennerod]] * [[Zehnhausen bei Wallmerod]] * [[Zeiskam]] * [[Zellertal]] * [[Zeltingen-Rachtig]] * [[Zemmer]] * [[Zendscheid]] * [[Zerf]] * [[Zettingen]] * [[Ziegenhain (Occidentalis Silva)|Ziegenhain]] * [[Zilshausen]] * [[Zimmerschied]] * [[Zissena Inferior]]<ref name="Browerus & Masenius 1670"/> <small>(Theodisce ''Niederzissen'')</small> * [[Zornheim]] * [[Zotzenheim]] * [[Züsch]] * [[Zweifelscheid]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria: Urbes Rhenaniae-Palatinatus]] 4u18uxtrj61ewyso9du91srgscp23xl 0 324354 3962608 3962560 2026-05-30T12:26:31Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Descriptio */ 3962608 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Fas et nefas ambulant}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIX reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Fas et nefas ambulant pene passu pari; prodigus non redimit vitium avari; virtus temperantia quadam singulari debet medium ad utrumque vitium caute contemplari. Si legisse memoras ethicam Catonis, in qua scriptum legitur: «ambula cum bonis», cum ad dandi gloriam animum disponis, supra cetera primum hoc considera, quis sit dignus donis. Vultu licet hilari, verbo licet blando sis equalis omnibus; unum tamen mando: si vis recte gloriam promereri dando, primum videas granum inter paleas, cui des et quando. Dare non ut convenit non est a virtute, bonum est secundum quid, sed non absolute; digne dare poteris et mereri tute famam muneris, si me prius noveris intus et in cute. Si prudenter triticum paleis emundas, famam emis munere; sed caveto, dum das, largitatis oleum male non effundas. in te glorior: cum sim Codro Codrior, omnibus habundas.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, [[Gualterus de Castellione]] de natura virtutis et de arte dandi disserit, [[Ethica|ethicam]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelicam]] cum praeceptis [[Moralitas|moralibus]] commiscens. Auctor explicat iustum et iniustum quasi aequo passu in mundo ambulare, et virtutem veram in medio inter vitia opposita, scilicet prodigalitatem et [[Avaritia|avaritiam]], consistere. [[Temperantia]] igitur est moderatrix quae cautionem in agendo requirit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> [[Argumentum]] de liberalitate evolvitur per citationem [[auctoritas|auctoritatum]], sicut "[[Disticha Catonis]]", ad monendum donatorem ut sapienter eligat quibus [[Beneficentia|beneficia]] conferat. Non satis est hilari vultu dare, sed necesse est "granum inter paleas" discernere, id est homines dignos a [[Parasitismus|parasitis]] vel indignis separare. Ista discretio est condicio necessaria ut donum virtus moralis, et non simplex amissio facultatum, habeatur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In extrema parte, poëta ad se ipsum recurrit, personam pauperis eruditi gerens. Utitur comparatione cum Codro, rege [[Athenae|Atheniensi]] vel potius figura litteraria pauperis, ad suam egestatem demonstrandam. Monet [[Patronus|patronum]] ne "oleum largitatis" male effundat, sed potius in ipsum, qui est "Codro codrior" (pauperior paupere), liberalitatem exerceat, sic veram famam et meritum per munera consequendo.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In codicibus manuscriptis carmen quod inscribitur ''Fas et nefas'' variis rationibus graphicis et musicis traditur, quae evolutionem notationis ab arte adiastematica usque ad mensurabilem demonstrant. In codice bavaro (B), scilicet in [[Bibliotheca publica Bavarica]] servato, Clm 4660, melodia per [[Neuma|neumas]] adiastematicas exarata est, quae cursum melodicum sine certa intervallorum definitione adumbrant. Econtra, in codicibus florentino (F, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibliotheca Medicea Laurentiana||it|qid=Q856419}}, Pluteus 29.1) et cantabrigiensi (I, Jesus College, QB1), carmen invenitur sub forma {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus (musica)|conductus|en|qid=Q846748}} cum tribus vocibus, ubi notatio quadrata systema lineis instructum sequitur, sicut in pluribus monumentis [[Schola Nostrae Dominae|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] videri potest.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19">{{Opus | titulus = Fas et nefas | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | domus editoria = Examen apium | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/019fas.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-26 }}.</ref> Analysi palaeographica in codice I demonstrat textum usque ad verba "Prodigus non" in parte tripli propter vetustatem legi non posse, dum aliae discrepantiae inter fontes F et I in ligaturis et punctis melodicis manifestantur. Exempli gratia, ubi codex I ligaturam ''do-si-la'' praebet, codex F diversam figuram rhythmicam vel altitudinem (ut in variis ad "vitium" et "singulari") exhibere solet. Praeterea, in codice I invenitur usus [[Plica (musica)|plicae]] in nota ''si'' (ad v. 7), quod elementum ad executionem ornamenti vocalis pertinet. Structura musica huius carminis, quae in aliis fontibus ut ''contrafactum'' (exempli gratia in operibus Folquet de Romans aut Peire Raymon de Tolosa) vel sub simili forma metrica (ut in conductu ''Redit aetas aurea'') apparet, nexum praebet inter traditionem rhythmicam latinam et monodiam vernacuam.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] 6j6mrtoj64lgv1zuf3apm5x98i2o8b1 3962613 3962608 2026-05-30T12:33:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Investigatio palaeographica musica */ 3962613 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Fas et nefas ambulant}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIX reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Fas et nefas ambulant pene passu pari; prodigus non redimit vitium avari; virtus temperantia quadam singulari debet medium ad utrumque vitium caute contemplari. Si legisse memoras ethicam Catonis, in qua scriptum legitur: «ambula cum bonis», cum ad dandi gloriam animum disponis, supra cetera primum hoc considera, quis sit dignus donis. Vultu licet hilari, verbo licet blando sis equalis omnibus; unum tamen mando: si vis recte gloriam promereri dando, primum videas granum inter paleas, cui des et quando. Dare non ut convenit non est a virtute, bonum est secundum quid, sed non absolute; digne dare poteris et mereri tute famam muneris, si me prius noveris intus et in cute. Si prudenter triticum paleis emundas, famam emis munere; sed caveto, dum das, largitatis oleum male non effundas. in te glorior: cum sim Codro Codrior, omnibus habundas.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, [[Gualterus de Castellione]] de natura virtutis et de arte dandi disserit, [[Ethica|ethicam]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelicam]] cum praeceptis [[Moralitas|moralibus]] commiscens. Auctor explicat iustum et iniustum quasi aequo passu in mundo ambulare, et virtutem veram in medio inter vitia opposita, scilicet prodigalitatem et [[Avaritia|avaritiam]], consistere. [[Temperantia]] igitur est moderatrix quae cautionem in agendo requirit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> [[Argumentum]] de liberalitate evolvitur per citationem [[auctoritas|auctoritatum]], sicut "[[Disticha Catonis]]", ad monendum donatorem ut sapienter eligat quibus [[Beneficentia|beneficia]] conferat. Non satis est hilari vultu dare, sed necesse est "granum inter paleas" discernere, id est homines dignos a [[Parasitismus|parasitis]] vel indignis separare. Ista discretio est condicio necessaria ut donum virtus moralis, et non simplex amissio facultatum, habeatur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In extrema parte, poëta ad se ipsum recurrit, personam pauperis eruditi gerens. Utitur comparatione cum Codro, rege [[Athenae|Atheniensi]] vel potius figura litteraria pauperis, ad suam egestatem demonstrandam. Monet [[Patronus|patronum]] ne "oleum largitatis" male effundat, sed potius in ipsum, qui est "Codro codrior" (pauperior paupere), liberalitatem exerceat, sic veram famam et meritum per munera consequendo.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In [[codex|codicibus]] [[manuscriptum|manuscriptis]] carmen quod inscribitur ''Fas et nefas'' variis rationibus graphicis et musicis traditur, quae evolutionem notationis ab arte adiastematica usque ad mensurabilem demonstrant. In codice [[Bavaria|Bavaro]] (B), scilicet in [[Bibliotheca publica Bavarica]] servato, Clm 4660, melodia per [[Neuma|neumas]] adiastematicas exarata est, quae cursum [[Melodia|melodicum]] sine certa intervallorum definitione adumbrant. Econtra, in codicibus [[Florentia|Florentino]] (F, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibliotheca Medicea Laurentiana||it|qid=Q856419}}, Pluteus 29.1) et [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiensi]] (I, Jesus College, QB1), carmen invenitur sub forma {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus (musica)|conductus|en|qid=Q846748}} cum tribus vocibus, ubi notatio quadrata systema lineis instructum sequitur, sicut in pluribus monumentis [[Schola Nostrae Dominae|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] videri potest.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19">{{Opus | titulus = Fas et nefas | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | domus editoria = Examen apium | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/019fas.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-26 }}.</ref> Analysi [[Palaeographia|palaeographica]] in codice I demonstrat textum usque ad verba "Prodigus non" in parte tripli propter vetustatem legi non posse, dum aliae discrepantiae inter fontes F et I in [[Ligatura|ligaturis]] et punctis melodicis manifestantur. Exempli gratia, ubi codex I ligaturam ''do-si-la'' praebet, codex F diversam figuram rhythmicam vel altitudinem (ut in variis ad "vitium" et "singulari") exhibere solet. Praeterea, in codice I invenitur usus [[Plica (musica)|plicae]] in nota ''si'' (ad v. 7), quod elementum ad executionem ornamenti vocalis pertinet. Structura musica huius carminis, quae in aliis fontibus ut ''contrafactum'' (exempli gratia in operibus Folquet de Romans aut Peire Raymon de Tolosa) vel sub simili forma [[Metrum (musica)|metrica]] (ut in conductu ''Redit aetas aurea'') apparet, nexum praebet inter traditionem rhythmicam latinam et monodiam vernacuam.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] pczc20skievhjsnhobggwigqe536vyk 3962617 3962613 2026-05-30T12:45:08Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Investigatio palaeographica musica */ 3962617 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | Titulus = | Imago = | Descriptio = | Categoria = | Numerus = | Auctor = | Argumenta = | Datum = | Lingua = | Album = | Praecedi = | Sequi = }} {{lres|Fas et nefas ambulant}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XIX reperitur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25">{{Opus | titulus = De avaritia 1-25 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo1.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Fas et nefas ambulant pene passu pari; prodigus non redimit vitium avari; virtus temperantia quadam singulari debet medium ad utrumque vitium caute contemplari. Si legisse memoras ethicam Catonis, in qua scriptum legitur: «ambula cum bonis», cum ad dandi gloriam animum disponis, supra cetera primum hoc considera, quis sit dignus donis. Vultu licet hilari, verbo licet blando sis equalis omnibus; unum tamen mando: si vis recte gloriam promereri dando, primum videas granum inter paleas, cui des et quando. Dare non ut convenit non est a virtute, bonum est secundum quid, sed non absolute; digne dare poteris et mereri tute famam muneris, si me prius noveris intus et in cute. Si prudenter triticum paleis emundas, famam emis munere; sed caveto, dum das, largitatis oleum male non effundas. in te glorior: cum sim Codro Codrior, omnibus habundas.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> }} == Descriptio == In hoc carmine, [[Gualterus de Castellione]] de natura virtutis et de arte dandi disserit, [[Ethica|ethicam]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelicam]] cum praeceptis [[Moralitas|moralibus]] commiscens. Auctor explicat iustum et iniustum quasi aequo passu in mundo ambulare, et virtutem veram in medio inter vitia opposita, scilicet prodigalitatem et [[Avaritia|avaritiam]], consistere. [[Temperantia]] igitur est moderatrix quae cautionem in agendo requirit.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> [[Argumentum]] de liberalitate evolvitur per citationem [[auctoritas|auctoritatum]], sicut "[[Disticha Catonis]]", ad monendum donatorem ut sapienter eligat quibus [[Beneficentia|beneficia]] conferat. Non satis est hilari vultu dare, sed necesse est "granum inter paleas" discernere, id est homines dignos a [[Parasitismus|parasitis]] vel indignis separare. Ista discretio est condicio necessaria ut donum virtus moralis, et non simplex amissio facultatum, habeatur.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> In extrema parte, poëta ad se ipsum recurrit, personam pauperis eruditi gerens. Utitur comparatione cum Codro, rege [[Athenae|Atheniensi]] vel potius figura litteraria pauperis, ad suam egestatem demonstrandam. Monet [[Patronus|patronum]] ne "oleum largitatis" male effundat, sed potius in ipsum, qui est "Codro codrior" (pauperior paupere), liberalitatem exerceat, sic veram famam et meritum per munera consequendo.<ref name="de-avaritia-1-25" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In [[codex|codicibus]] [[manuscriptum|manuscriptis]] carmen quod inscribitur ''Fas et nefas'' variis rationibus graphicis et musicis traditur, quae evolutionem notationis ab arte adiastematica usque ad mensurabilem demonstrant. In codice [[Bavaria|Bavaro]] (B), scilicet in [[Bibliotheca publica Bavarica]] servato, Clm 4660, melodia per [[Neuma|neumas]] adiastematicas exarata est, quae cursum [[Melodia|melodicum]] sine certa intervallorum definitione adumbrant. Econtra, in codicibus [[Florentia|Florentino]] (F, {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bibliotheca Medicea Laurentiana||it|qid=Q856419}}, Pluteus 29.1) et [[Cantabrigia|Cantabrigiensi]] (I, Jesus College, QB1), carmen invenitur sub forma {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|conductus (musica)|conductus|en|qid=Q846748}} cum tribus vocibus, ubi notatio quadrata systema lineis instructum sequitur, sicut in pluribus monumentis [[Schola Nostrae Dominae|Scholae Nostrae Dominae]] videri potest.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19">{{Opus | titulus = Fas et nefas | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | domus editoria = Examen apium | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/019fas.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-26 }}.</ref> Analysi [[Palaeographia|palaeographica]] in codice I demonstrat textum usque ad verba "Prodigus non" in parte tripli propter vetustatem legi non posse, dum aliae discrepantiae inter fontes F et I in [[Ligatura|ligaturis]] et punctis melodicis manifestantur. Exempli gratia, ubi codex I ligaturam ''do-si-la'' praebet, codex F diversam figuram rhythmicam vel altitudinem (ut in variis ad "vitium" et "singulari") exhibere solet. Praeterea, in codice I invenitur usus [[Plica (musica)|plicae]] in nota ''si'' (ad v. 7), quod elementum ad executionem ornamenti vocalis pertinet. Structura musica huius carminis, quae in aliis fontibus ut ''contrafactum'' (exempli gratia in operibus Folquet de Romans aut Peire Raymon de Tolosa) vel sub simili forma [[Metrum (musica)|metrica]] (ut in conductu ''Redit aetas aurea'') apparet, nexum praebet inter traditionem [[Rhythmus|rhythmicam]] Latinam et monodiam vernaculam.<ref name="examen-apius-cb-19" /> == Notae == {{reflist}} == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Lehtonen, 1995 | c = {{Opus | cognomen = Lehtonen | nomen = Thomas Martinus Samuel | nomenclatura = compendiaria | titulus = Fortuna, Money, and the Sublunar World: Eleventh-century Ethical Thought as a Paradigm for Late Medieval Moral Philosophy | annus = 1995 | lingua = en | locus = [[Helsingia (Finnia)|Helsingiae]] | domus editoria = [[Societas Litterarum Finnicarum]] | isbn = 978-951-717-846-4 }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] s89firam7pc42uutp9whto1xm1e6d4q 10 325062 3962738 3960138 2026-05-31T04:00:32Z Amansrisus 210245 3962738 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>[[Fasciculus:Flag of Catalonia.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ca|ca]], [[Fasciculus:D-A-CH Flag.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/de|de]], [[Fasciculus:English language.svg|28px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/en|en]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Esperanto.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/eo|eo]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Spain.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/es|es]], [[Fasciculus:Bandiera de Interlingua.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ia|ia]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Italy.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/it|it]], [[Fasciculus:Official_flag_of_Latgale.svg|26px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ltg|ltg]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Norway.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/no|no]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Romania.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ro|ro]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Russia.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ru|ru]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of Sweden.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/sv|sv]], [[Fasciculus:Flag of the Philippines.svg|24px]]&nbsp;[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/tl|tl]]</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio formulae simplicis}} [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales paginarum plurilinguium|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]</noinclude> 9l4hu0y53ftxaoijjcauoyefnwupg84 0 325227 3962713 3962265 2026-05-30T20:35:16Z JimKillock 109532 /* Bibliographia */ 3962713 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--- nullae abrogationes in prooemio contineri solent, vide textum principalem --> {{Titulus italicus}}{{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{ores|Traditionis custodes}} est [[Epistola Apostolica]] [[motu proprio]] data a [[Franciscus (papa)|Papa Francisco]] die 16 Iulii 2021 promulgata. Documentum de usu [[Missa Tridentina|Missalis Romani]] ante [[Concilium Vaticanum II]] editi agit eiusque celebrationem valde restringit, simul abrogans normas priores a [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]] in ''[[Summorum Pontificum]]'' (2007) et a [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] in ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' (1984) ac ''Ecclesia Dei'' (1988) constitutas. Epistulam apostolicam comitatur epistula pastoralis ad episcopos catholicos totius orbis, in qua Franciscus rationes suae decisionis exponit. Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum postea declaravit textum Latinum huius motu proprio esse textum officialem qui adhibendus est. Contextus historicus documentum praecessit: post instaurationes liturgicas Concilii Vaticani II, Ioannes Paulus II et Benedictus XVI per documenta ''Quattuor abhinc annos'', ''Ecclesia Dei'' et ''Summorum Pontificum'' usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 successive amplius concesserant. Anno 2020, Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei quaestionarium de applicatione ''Summorum Pontificum'' ad episcopos misit; responsa Franciscum de necessitate interveniendi persuaserunt. Praescripta principalia in octo articulis continentur. Articulus primus libros liturgicos post Concilium Vaticanum II promulgatos "unicam expressionem legis orandi Ritus Romani" declarat. Articulus secundus episcopo dioecesano "exclusivam competentiam" tribuit permittendi usum Missalis antiquioris in sua dioecesi. Articuli sequentes episcopis mandata dant de locis et diebus ad Missam Tridentinam designandis, de novis coetibus prohibendis, de licentiis presbyteris concedendis, et de iurisdictione super instituta vitae consecratae. Articulus octavus omnes normas priores contrarias abrogat. In epistula pastorali comitante, Franciscus concessiones praedecessorum "desiderio sanandi schisma cum motu Mons. Lefebvre" motivatas fuisse exponit, sed addit eas ad "distantias augendas, diversitates roborandas, et dissensiones fovendas" exploitatas esse. Franciscus usum instrumentalem Missalis anni 1962 ad reiectionem Concilii Vaticani II et unitatem Ecclesiae laedendum reicit, hancque "rationem finalem" suae decisionis esse declarat. Post promulgationem, [[Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum]] die 18 Decembris 2021 responsa ad undecim dubia de applicatione documenti edidit. Congregatio etiam in hac instructione officiali declaravit textum Latinum ''Traditionis custodes'' esse textum officialem qui adhibendus est. Anno 2022, Papa Franciscus epistulam apostolicam ''Desiderio desideravi'' promulgavit, in qua decisionem suam iterum confirmavit. Die 21 Februarii 2023, rescriptum papale dispensationes a restrictionibus ''Traditionis custodes'' Sedi Apostolicae reservavit. Receptio documenti in Ecclesia Catholica valde divisa fuit. Aliqui cardinales et Conferentiae Episcopales documentum acceperunt; alii, inter quos Cardinalis Raimundus Leo Burke et Cardinalis Gerhardus Ludovicus Müller, restrictiones criticaverunt. Catholici traditionalistae documentum ut "impetum in liturgiam antiquam" perceperunt, quamvis Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri postea decretum speciale a Francisco obtinuit. Academici et investigationes publicae opinioni mixtam receptionem in variis regionibus, inter quas America Centralis, Civitates Foederatae et Britannia, ostenderunt. == Contextus historicus == === Instaurationes liturgicae post Concilium Vaticanum II === Anno 1969, prima nova editio Missalis Romani iuxta decreta [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum|Concilii Vaticani II]] promulgata est, novam formam liturgiae Missae Ritus Romani constituens. Haec editio, saepe "Missa Pauli VI" vocata, anno 1970 publici iuris facta est.<ref>{{qc|id=Paulus VI (1969)}}</ref> Missale Romanum anni 1962, ultima editio Missalis Tridentini, quod a [[Concilium Tridentinum|Concilio Tridentino]] ortum ducit et sub [[Pius V|Pio V]] anno 1570 promulgatum est, ita in usum ordinarium substitutum est. === Concessiones Ioannis Pauli II === [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioannes Paulus II]] anno 1984 per documentum ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' episcopis facultatem dedit permittendi usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 sub certis condicionibus.<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (1984)}}</ref> Anno 1988, post consecrationes illicitas episcoporum a [[Marcellus Lefebvre|Marcello Lefebvre]] factas, Ioannes Paulus II motu proprio ''Ecclesia Dei'' edidit, in quo usum Missalis antiquioris amplius concessit et Commissionem Pontificiam "Ecclesia Dei" instituit ad fidelium traditioni adhaerentes curandos.<ref>{{qc|id=Ioannes Paulus II (1988)}}</ref> === Summorum Pontificum (2007) === Anno 2007, [[Benedictus XVI|Benedictus XVI]] per motu proprio ''Summorum Pontificum'' declaravit Missale Romanum a [[Pius V|Pio V]] promulgatum et a [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioanne XXIII]] anno 1962 editum numquam abrogatum esse. Illud "Formam Extraordinariam" Ritus Romani nominavit, Missam autem Pauli VI "Formam Ordinariam".<ref>{{qc|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)}}</ref> Benedictus statuit quemlibet sacerdotem Ritus Latini posse utramque formam celebrare sine expressa licentia episcopi vel Sanctae Sedis. Sperabat has "duas formas usum Ritus Romani" se mutuo "dituras" esse neque divisionem in Ecclesia causaturas.<ref>{{qc|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)}}</ref> === Ante promulgationem === Anno 2020, Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei quaestionarium ad episcopos catholicos totius orbis misit de applicatione ''Summorum Pontificum'' in eorum dioecesibus.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Exitus huius consultationis publici iuris non facti sunt. Papa Franciscus postea dixit responsa episcoporum "statum qui me sollicitat et contristat" revelare et eum persuasisse de necessitate interveniendi.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Mense Maio 2021, paucos ante menses quam ''Traditionis custodes'' promulgata est, fama erat Franciscum in coetu clauso cum membris Conferentiae Episcopalis Italicae dixisse se textum restrictivum approbare paratum esse.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Documentum promulgatum est duobus post diebus quam Franciscus ex nosocomio, ubi novem dies fuerat, rediit. == Praescripta principalia == Litterae apostolicae in octo articulos dividuntur. '''Articulus primus''' declarat libros liturgicos a [[Paulus VI|Paulo VI]] et [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] post Concilium Vaticanum II promulgatos esse "unicam expressionem ''legis orandi'' Ritus Romani".<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> Hoc verbum "unica expressio" significat Formam Extraordinariam iam non esse alteram expressionem eiusdem ''legis orandi'', ut Benedictus XVI docuerat. '''Articulus secundus''' statuit episcopum dioecesanum esse "moderatorem, promotorem atque custodem" totius vitae liturgicae in sua Ecclesia particulari, eiusque esse "exclusivam competentiam" permittendi usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 in sua dioecesi, iuxta Sedis Apostolicae lineamenta.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articulus tertius''' episcopis in quorum dioecesibus coetus Missam Tridentinam celebrantes iam exsistunt mandat ut: # Verificent hos coetus validitatem et legitimitatem instaurationis liturgicae Concilii Vaticani II non excludere. # Unum vel plures locos designent (sed non ecclesias paroeciales, nec novas paroecias personales erigendo) ubi hi coetus ad Eucharistiam celebrandam convenire possint. # Dies statuant quibus celebrationes eucharisticae iuxta Missale anni 1962 permittuntur, in quibus lectiones lingua vernacula proclamandae sunt. # Presbyterum delegatum designent, Latine peritum et pastorali cura praeditum, qui hos coetus curet. # Verificent utrum paroeciae personales pro his fidelibus erectae spirituali eorum incremento efficaciter inserviant. # Impediant ne novi coetus constituantur.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articuli quartus et quintus''' praecipiunt ut presbyteri post promulgationem huius documenti ordinati, qui Missale anni 1962 adhibere velint, petitionem formalem ad episcopum dioecesanum mittant, qui ante concessionem a Sede Apostolica licentiam rogabit. Presbyteri qui iam iuxta Missale anni 1962 celebrant debent ab episcopo licentiam ad hanc facultatem servandam petere.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articuli sextus et septimus''' iurisdictionem super instituta vitae consecratae et societates vitae apostolicae a Pontificia Commissione "Ecclesia Dei" erecta ad Congregationem pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae transferunt. Haec Congregatio et Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum auctoritatem Sanctae Sedis in his rebus exercent.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articulus octavus''' omnes normas, dispositiones, concessiones et consuetudines priores quae huic motu proprio non conformes sunt abrogat. Dispositiones statim vim obtinuerunt.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> == Epistula comitans == Simul cum ''Traditionis custodes'', Papa Franciscus epistulam pastoralem ad episcopos totius orbis misit, in qua rationes suae decisionis exposuit, eodem modo quo Benedictus XVI epistulam comitantem ad ''Summorum Pontificum'' miserat. === De intentionibus praedecessorum === Franciscus in hac epistula explicat concessiones a Ioanne Paulo II et Benedicto XVI factas "praecipue motivatas fuisse desiderio sanandi schisma cum motu Mons. Lefebvre". Addit se credere "multos in Ecclesia hanc facultatem occasionem habuisse libere adoptandi Missale Romanum a S. Pio V promulgatum eoque utendi modo parallelo cum Missali Romano a S. Paulo VI promulgato".<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Franciscus commemorat Benedictum XVI in ''Summorum Pontificum'' timorem divisionis "infundatum" vocavisse et sperasse duas formas se mutuo "dituras" esse. Sed Franciscus dicit exitus consultationis episcoporum "statum qui me sollicitat et contristat" revelare: "Occasio a S. Ioanne Paulo II oblata et, maiori cum magnanimitate, a Benedicto XVI, ad recuperandam unitatem corporis ecclesialis cum diversis sensibus liturgicis, saepe graviter neglecta est. [...] Exploitata est ad distantias augendas, diversitates roborandas, et dissensiones fovendas quae Ecclesiam laedunt, eius iter impediunt et eam periculo divisionis exponunt."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> === De Concilio Vaticano II === Franciscus dicit se dolere de abusibus liturgicis "ex utraque parte", sed praecipue se tristari quod "usus instrumentalis Missalis Romani anni 1962 saepe characterizatur reiectione non solum instaurationis liturgicae, sed ipsius Concilii Vaticani II, asserendo, assertionibus infundatis et insustentabilibus, id Traditionem et 'veram Ecclesiam' prodidisse". Franciscus hanc assertionem reicit et dicit: "Dubitare de Concilio est dubitare de intentionibus ipsorum Patrum qui potestatem suam collegialem modo solemni ''cum Petro et sub Petro'' in Concilio oecumenico exercuerunt, et, in ultima analysi, dubitare de ipso Spiritu Sancto qui Ecclesiam ducit."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> === De unitate Ecclesiae === Franciscus "rationem finalem" suae decisionis esse dicit quod "magis magisque in verbis et atitudinibus multorum manifesta est arcta connexio inter electionem celebrationum iuxta libros liturgicos ante Concilium Vaticanum II et reiectionem Ecclesiae eiusque institutionum nomine eius quod vocatur 'vera Ecclesia'". Propter hoc, "in defensionem unitatis Corporis Christi, cogor facultatem a praedecessoribus meis concessam revocare."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Ad episcopos appellans, Franciscus scribit: "Dum in exercitio ministerii mei in servitium unitatis hanc decisionem suscipio, vos rogo ut hanc sarcinam mecum participetis tamquam formam participationis in sollicitudine pro tota Ecclesia episcopis propria."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> == Instructiones et clarificationes subsequentes == === Responsa ad dubia (2021) === Die 18 Decembris 2021, Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum responsa ad undecim dubia de applicatione ''Traditionis custodes'' edidit, approbante Papa Francisco. Haec documenta, die 4 Decembris 2021 data, inter alia statuerunt: * Missam Tridentinam in ecclesia paroeciali celebrari posse solum si locus alius omnino non adest, cum licentia tum episcopi tum Congregationis, sed haec celebratio in horarium paroeciale non inserenda est. * Sacramenta confirmationis et ordinationis secundum Pontificale Romanum antiquum omnino vetita esse; sacramenta baptismi, paenitentiae, matrimonii, unctionis infirmorum et exsequiarum iuxta Rituale Romanum anni 1952 solum in paroecis personalibus permitti. * Sacerdotes qui concelebrare recusant, praesertim in Missa Chrismatis cum episcopo in Feria V Hebdomadae Sanctae, licentiam celebrandi Missam Tridentinam obtinere non posse. * Lectiones in Missa Tridentina semper lingua vernacula proclamandas esse, adhibitis translationibus a Conferentia Episcopali approbatis. * Licentiam celebrandi Missam Tridentinam ad territorium episcopi concedentis restrictam esse, et sacerdotem semel tantum in die Missam Tridentinam celebrare posse.<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)}}</ref> [[Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum]] etiam in hac instructione officiali (''responsa'') declaravit textum Latinum ''Traditionis custodes'' esse "textum officialem qui adhibendus est".<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)}}</ref> === Desiderio desideravi (2022) === Die 29 Iunii 2022, Papa Franciscus epistulam apostolicam ''Desiderio desideravi'' promulgavit, in qua iterum affirmavit se ''Traditionis custodes'' scripsisse quia libri liturgici Pauli VI et Ioannis Pauli II "fidelitatem instaurationis Concilii" praebent et quia Franciscus vult "Ecclesiam in varietate tot linguarum unam eandemque orationem tollere quae eius unitatem exprimere valeat". Addit: "Ad illam formam ritualem redire non possumus quam Patres Concilii [...] reformandam esse censuerunt."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2022)}}</ref> === Rescriptum (2023) === Die 21 Februarii 2023, Sancta Sedes rescriptum papale edidit, a Cardinali Arthuro Roche, Praefecto Dicasterio pro Cultu Divino, scriptum et die praecedenti a Papa approbatum. Rescriptum clarius statuit dispensationes a restrictionibus ''Traditionis custodes'' (secundum canonem 87 Codicis Iuris Canonici) Sedi Apostolicae reservari, ita episcopis prohibens quominus suas proprias dispensationes concedant.<ref>{{qc|id=Roche (2023)}}</ref> == Receptio == === In Ecclesia Catholica === Receptio ''Traditionis custodes'' in Ecclesia Catholica valde divisa fuit. Cardinalis [[Gualterius Kasper]] documentum laudavit, asserens "maximam partem" catholicorum Missae Tridentinae adversam esse et quosdam asseclas Missae Tridentinae Benedictum XVI ad divisionem adhibuisse.<ref>{{qc|id=Kasper (2021)}}</ref> Conferentia Episcoporum Civitatum Foederatarum, per praesidem suum Iosephum Horatium Gomez, documentum accepit, episcopos hortans ad "curam, patientiam, iustitiam et caritatem" in applicatione.<ref>{{qc|id=Gomez (2021)}}</ref> Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae similiter documentum accepit, fidelibus Missae Tridentinae adhaerentes "aestimationem" suam exprimendo.<ref>{{qc|id=Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis [[Raimundus Leo Burke]], olim Praefectus Supremi Tribunalis Signaturae Apostolicae, documentum "severum et revolutionarium" vocavit et dubitavit de potestate papae usum ritus antiqui revocandi.<ref>{{qc|id=Burke (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis [[Gerhardus Ludovicus Müller]], olim Praefectus [[Dicasterium pro Doctrina Fidei|Congregationis pro Doctrina Fidei]], documentum "durum" descripsit.<ref>{{qc|id=Müller (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis Iosephus Zen declaravit "multas generalizationes tendentiosas in documentis corda multorum bonorum hominum plus quam expectatum laesisse".<ref>{{qc|id=Zen (2021)}}</ref> [[Georgius Gänswein]], secretarius Papae Emeriti Benedicti XVI, in libro ''Nient'altro che la verità'' (2023) scripsit Benedictum ''Traditionis custodes'' "cum dolore in corde" legisse et restrictionem Missae Tridentinae "errorem" esse censuisse, quia "conatum pacificationis in periculum posuerit".<ref>{{qc|id=Gänswein (2023)}}</ref> === Catholici traditionalistae === Catholici traditionalistae documentum statim ut "impetum in ipsos et in liturgiam antiquam" perceperunt.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Iosephus Shaw, praeses Societatis Missae Latinae Angliae et Cambriae, documentum "stupendum" vocavit et dixit Franciscum "omnino solvisse dispositiones ''Summorum Pontificum''".<ref>{{qc|id=Shaw (2021)}}</ref> [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri]] (FSSP) "cum admiratione" documentum accepit et "magnam tristitiam" expressit de rationibus adductis ad usum Missalis Ioannis XXIII limitandum, quod "centrum charismatissui" est.<ref>{{qc|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2021)}}</ref> Tamen, die 21 Februarii 2022, Fraternitas nuntiavit Papam Franciscum die 4 Februarii eis dixisse instituta quorum ratio existendi usus Missalis Tridentini est a motu proprio non affici, et decretum speciale emisisse quo membris FSSP facultas celebrandi Missam et sacramenta iuxta editiones typicas librorum liturgicorum anni 1962 concessa est.<ref>{{qc|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2022)}}</ref> [[Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce]] declarationem officialem edidit in qua reiecit assertionem eos qui Missis Tridentinis intersunt Ecclesiae Catholicae et Concilio Vaticano II inoboedientes esse.<ref>{{qc|id=Una Voce (2021)}}</ref> Davides Pagliarani, Superior Generalis [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X|Fraternitatis Societatis Sancti Pii X]], scripsit: "Aetas 'hermeneuticae continuitatis', cum suis aequivocationibus, illusionibus et conatibus impossibilibus, radicitus finita est." Addidit Missam Tridentinam "conceptionem vitae christianae exprimere et tradere quae omnino incompatibilis est cum ecclesiologia ex Concilio Vaticano II orta".<ref>{{qc|id=Pagliarani (2021)}}</ref> === Academici === Curtius Martens, professor iuris canonici in Universitate Catholica Americae, notavit terminum "Forma Extraordinaria" in nova legislatione non amplius adhiberi et episcopis dioecesanis "latam responsabilitatem" datam esse quoad usum liturgiae prioris.<ref>{{qc|id=Martens (2021)}}</ref> Christophorus Bellitto, professor historiae Ecclesiae in Universitate Kean, dixit Franciscum recte intervenisse, notans decisionem Benedicti XVI "multas consequentias non intentas habuisse quae non solum Ecclesiam diviserunt sed etiam relationes cum Iudaeis turbaverint".<ref>{{qc|id=Bellitto (2021)}}</ref> Martinus Klöckener, professor liturgiae in Universitate Friburgensi, documentum ut "correctionem necessariam" approbionis Benedicti accepit, notans id auctoritatem episcopis localium restauravisse.<ref>{{qc|id=Klöckener (2021)}}</ref> === Opinio publica === Investigatio mensis Septembris 2021 a ''Pew Research Center'' in Civitatibus Foederatis facta invenit circiter duas ex tribus partes catholicorum Americanorum novarum restrictionum ignaros esse. Inter catholicos qui singulis hebdomadibus Missam frequentant, 29% restrictiones improbaverunt, 11% approbaverunt, 17% nullam opinionem habuerunt, et 42% earum ignari erant.<ref>{{qc|id=Pew Research Center (2021)}}</ref> == Applicatio == === America Centralis === Die 20 Iulii 2021, Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae statuit nullam Missam Tridentinam in ullis dioecesibus suis permitti.<ref>{{qc|id=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae (2021)}}</ref> === Civitates Foederatae === Secundum ''The Pillar'', ante ''Traditionis custodes'' 657 loca in Civitatibus Foederatis erant ubi Missa Tridentina regulariter celebrabatur. Nonnulli episcopi Americani (sicut Scharfenberger, Aquila, et Cordileone) affirmaverunt Missam Tridentinam in suis dioecesibus continuaturam esse.<ref>{{qc|id=The Pillar (2021)}}</ref> Mense Decembri 2021, Cardinalis Blasius Cupich in Archidioecesi Chicagiensi restrictiones imposuit, inter alia vetando Missas Tridentinas in primis Dominicis cuiusque mensis et in Nativitate Domini, Triduo Paschali et Dominica Pentecostes.<ref>{{qc|id=Cupich (2021)}}</ref> === Britannia === In [[Anglia]], prima paroecia personalis pro celebratione Missae Tridentinae anno 2018 erecta erat, tribus annis ante ''Traditionis custodes''. Conferentia Episcopalis Angliae et Cambriae declarationem generalem non edidit. Quidam episcopi Missas Tridentinas statim prohibuerunt, alii licentias temporarias concesserunt donec documentum diligentius examinassent.<ref>{{qc|id=The Tablet (2021)}}</ref> Mense Februario 2024, Cardinalis Vincentius Nichols nuntiavit Missam Tridentinam pro Triduo Paschali, quae quotannis in ecclesia Sanctae Mariae Moorfields celebrari solebat, cancellatam esse, quod primum erat ex annis 1990 ut Triduum iuxta ritus antiquos in Archidioecesi Westmonasteriensi non celebraretur.<ref>{{qc|id=Nichols (2024)}}</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[Summorum Pontificum]] * [[Missa Tridentina]] * [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum]] * [[Sacrosanctum Concilium]] * [[Desiderio desideravi]] * [[Franciscus (papa)]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2021|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Traditionis Custodes de usu librorum liturgicorum instaurationem Concilii Vaticani II antecedentium|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=113|paginae=793–796|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/motu_proprio/documents/20210716-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2021a)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2021|titulus=Epistula ad Episcopos totius orbis comitans Litteras Apostolicas Motu Proprio datas Traditionis Custodes|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=113|paginae=802–811|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2021/documents/20210716-lettera-vescovi-liturgia.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (1984)|c={{Opus|auctor=Congregatio de Cultu Divino|annus=1984|titulus=Quattuor abhinc annos (Epistula Circularis)}}}} * {{ec|id=Ioannes Paulus II (1988)|c={{Opus|auctor=Ioannes Paulus II PP.|annus=1988|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Ecclesia Dei|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=80|paginae=1495–1498|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)|c={{Opus|auctor=Benedictus XVI PP.|annus=2007|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Summorum Pontificum|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=99|paginae=777–781|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070707_summorum-pontificum.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Paulus VI (1969)|c={{Opus|auctor=Paulus VI PP.|annus=1969|titulus=Missale Romanum (editio typica)}}}} * {{ec|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum|annus=2021|titulus=Responsa ad dubia de quibusdam provisionibus Litterarum Apostolicarum Motu Proprio datarum Traditionis Custodes|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=114|paginae=139–149|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20211204_responsa-ad-dubia-tradizionis-custodes_en.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2022)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2022|titulus=Epistula Apostolica Desiderio desideravi de liturgica formatione Populi Dei|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_letters/documents/20220629-lettera-ap-desiderio-desideravi.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Roche (2023)|c={{Opus|auctor=Roche, Arthur|annus=2023|titulus=Rescriptum ex Audientia SS.mi|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=115|paginae=370–371|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20230220_rescriptum-traditionis-custodes_en.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Burke (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Burke, Raymond Leo|annus=2021 |titulus=Statement on the Motu Proprio Traditionis Custodes |url=https://cardinalburke.com/presentations/traditionis-custodes/}}}} * {{ec|id=Müller (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Müller, Gerhard Ludwig|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Mueller on the New TLM Restrictions|opus=The Catholic Thing|url=https://www.thecatholicthing.org/2021/07/19/cardinal-mueller-on-the-new-tlm-restrictions}}}} * {{ec|id=Zen (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Zen, Iosephus|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Zen Reacts to Restrictions on Traditional Latin Masses|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/cna/cardinal-zen-reacts-to-restrictions-on-traditional-latin-masses}}}} * {{ec|id=Kasper (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Kasper, Walter|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Kasper Responds to Pope Francis' New Motu Proprio on the Mass|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/cardinal-kasper-responds-to-pope-francis-new-motu-proprio-on-the-mass}}}} * {{ec|id=Gomez (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Gomez, José Horacio|annus=2021|titulus=Statement on Motu Proprio Traditionis Custodes|editor=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|url=https://www.usccb.org/news/2021/statement-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes}}}} * {{ec|id=Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Conférence des Évêques de France|annus=2021|titulus=Communiqué de la Conférence des évêques de France, suite au motu proprio « Traditionis custodes »|url=https://www.diocese-mende.fr/motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes/}}}} * {{ec|id=Shaw (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Shaw, Joseph|annus=2021|titulus=Some Comments on the Apostolic Letter 'Traditionis Custodes'|editor=Latin Mass Society of England and Wales|url=https://lms.org.uk/blog/some-comments-apostolic-letter-traditionis-custodes}}}} * {{ec|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri|annus=2021|titulus=Communiqué on Traditionis Custodes|url=https://www.fssp.org/en/communique-of-the-priestly-fraternity-of-saint-peter/}}}} * {{ec|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2022)|c={{Opus|auctor=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri|annus=2022|titulus=Official Communiqué: Decree of Pope Francis granting faculties to the FSSP|url=https://www.fssp.org/en/decree-of-pope-francis-granting-faculties-to-the-fssp/}}}} * {{ec|id=Una Voce (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce|annus=2021|titulus=Official Statement of the Fœderatio Internationalis Una Voce regarding the Motu Proprio «Traditionis Custodes»|url=http://www.fiuv.org/2021/07/oficial-statement-of-fderatio.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Pagliarani (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Pagliarani, Davides|annus=2021|titulus=Letter from SSPX Superior General about "Traditionis custodes"|editor=Societas Sancti Pii X|url=https://florida.sspx.org/en/news/letter-sspx-superior-general-about-traditionis-custodes-26529}}}} * {{ec|id=Gänswein (2023)|c={{Opus|auctor=Gänswein, Georg|annus=2023|titulus=Nient'altro che la verità: La mia vita al fianco di Benedetto XVI|editor=Piemme|isbn=978885669039}}}} * {{ec|id=Martens (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Martens, Kurt|annus=2021|titulus=Commentaria de Traditionis Custodes|editor=Catholic University of America|nota=Fons primarius in interrete non inventus.}}}} * {{ec|id=Bellitto (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Bellitto, Christopher|annus=2021|titulus=Francis reimposes restrictions on Latin Mass, reversing decision of Pope Benedict|opus=National Catholic Reporter|url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/francis-reimposes-restrictions-latin-mass-reversing-decision-pope-benedict}}}} * {{ec|id=Klöckener (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Klöckener, Martin|annus=2021|titulus=Commentaria de Traditionis Custodes|editor=Universitas Friburgensis|nota=Fons primarius in interrete non inventus.}}}} * {{ec|id=Pew Research Center (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Pew Research Center|annus=2021|titulus=Survey on U.S. Catholic Awareness of Traditionis Custodes|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/11/23/most-u-s-catholics-unaware-of-pope-francis-new-restrictions-on-traditional-latin-mass/}}}} * {{ec|id=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae|annus=2021|titulus=Mensaje de los Obispos de la Conferencia Episcopal de Costa Rica|url=https://www.iglesiacr.org/mensaje-de-los-obispos-de-la-conferencia-episcopal-de-costa-rica/}}}} * {{ec|id=The Pillar (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=The Pillar|annus=2021|titulus=How extraordinary is the Extraordinary Form? The frequency of the 'usus antiquior'|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/how-extraordinary-is-the-extraordinary}}}} * {{ec|id=Cupich (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Cupich, Blasius|annus=2021|titulus=Policy for Implementing Traditionis Custodes in the Archdiocese of Chicago|opus=The Chicago Catholic|url=https://www.chicagocatholic.com/chicagoland/-/article/2022/01/05/archdiocese-sets-policy-for-implementing-traditionis-custodes-}}}} * {{ec|id=The Tablet (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=The Tablet|annus=2021|titulus=Reactions to Traditionis Custodes in England and Wales}}}} * {{ec|id=Nichols (2024)|c={{Opus|auctor=Nichols, Vincent|annus=2024|titulus=Cardinal Nichols Prohibits Traditional Easter Triduum Services|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/traditional-latin-mass-cardinal-nichols-pentin}}}} [[Categoria:Documenta Papae Francisci]] [[Categoria:Documenta ecclesiastica anni 2021]] [[Categoria:Liturgia catholica]] [[Categoria:Missa Tridentina]] 0me3mmqhnlcy8dn2wuo464va8si9057 3962715 3962713 2026-05-30T20:41:39Z JimKillock 109532 /* Bibliographia */ 3962715 wikitext text/x-wiki <!--- nullae abrogationes in prooemio contineri solent, vide textum principalem --> {{Titulus italicus}}{{Capsa documenti pontificii Vicidatorum}} {{ores|Traditionis custodes}} est [[Epistola Apostolica]] [[motu proprio]] data a [[Franciscus (papa)|Papa Francisco]] die 16 Iulii 2021 promulgata. Documentum de usu [[Missa Tridentina|Missalis Romani]] ante [[Concilium Vaticanum II]] editi agit eiusque celebrationem valde restringit, simul abrogans normas priores a [[Benedictus XVI|Benedicto XVI]] in ''[[Summorum Pontificum]]'' (2007) et a [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] in ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' (1984) ac ''Ecclesia Dei'' (1988) constitutas. Epistulam apostolicam comitatur epistula pastoralis ad episcopos catholicos totius orbis, in qua Franciscus rationes suae decisionis exponit. Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum postea declaravit textum Latinum huius motu proprio esse textum officialem qui adhibendus est. Contextus historicus documentum praecessit: post instaurationes liturgicas Concilii Vaticani II, Ioannes Paulus II et Benedictus XVI per documenta ''Quattuor abhinc annos'', ''Ecclesia Dei'' et ''Summorum Pontificum'' usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 successive amplius concesserant. Anno 2020, Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei quaestionarium de applicatione ''Summorum Pontificum'' ad episcopos misit; responsa Franciscum de necessitate interveniendi persuaserunt. Praescripta principalia in octo articulis continentur. Articulus primus libros liturgicos post Concilium Vaticanum II promulgatos "unicam expressionem legis orandi Ritus Romani" declarat. Articulus secundus episcopo dioecesano "exclusivam competentiam" tribuit permittendi usum Missalis antiquioris in sua dioecesi. Articuli sequentes episcopis mandata dant de locis et diebus ad Missam Tridentinam designandis, de novis coetibus prohibendis, de licentiis presbyteris concedendis, et de iurisdictione super instituta vitae consecratae. Articulus octavus omnes normas priores contrarias abrogat. In epistula pastorali comitante, Franciscus concessiones praedecessorum "desiderio sanandi schisma cum motu Mons. Lefebvre" motivatas fuisse exponit, sed addit eas ad "distantias augendas, diversitates roborandas, et dissensiones fovendas" exploitatas esse. Franciscus usum instrumentalem Missalis anni 1962 ad reiectionem Concilii Vaticani II et unitatem Ecclesiae laedendum reicit, hancque "rationem finalem" suae decisionis esse declarat. Post promulgationem, [[Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum]] die 18 Decembris 2021 responsa ad undecim dubia de applicatione documenti edidit. Congregatio etiam in hac instructione officiali declaravit textum Latinum ''Traditionis custodes'' esse textum officialem qui adhibendus est. Anno 2022, Papa Franciscus epistulam apostolicam ''Desiderio desideravi'' promulgavit, in qua decisionem suam iterum confirmavit. Die 21 Februarii 2023, rescriptum papale dispensationes a restrictionibus ''Traditionis custodes'' Sedi Apostolicae reservavit. Receptio documenti in Ecclesia Catholica valde divisa fuit. Aliqui cardinales et Conferentiae Episcopales documentum acceperunt; alii, inter quos Cardinalis Raimundus Leo Burke et Cardinalis Gerhardus Ludovicus Müller, restrictiones criticaverunt. Catholici traditionalistae documentum ut "impetum in liturgiam antiquam" perceperunt, quamvis Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri postea decretum speciale a Francisco obtinuit. Academici et investigationes publicae opinioni mixtam receptionem in variis regionibus, inter quas America Centralis, Civitates Foederatae et Britannia, ostenderunt. == Contextus historicus == === Instaurationes liturgicae post Concilium Vaticanum II === Anno 1969, prima nova editio Missalis Romani iuxta decreta [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum|Concilii Vaticani II]] promulgata est, novam formam liturgiae Missae Ritus Romani constituens. Haec editio, saepe "Missa Pauli VI" vocata, anno 1970 publici iuris facta est.<ref>{{qc|id=Paulus VI (1969)}}</ref> Missale Romanum anni 1962, ultima editio Missalis Tridentini, quod a [[Concilium Tridentinum|Concilio Tridentino]] ortum ducit et sub [[Pius V|Pio V]] anno 1570 promulgatum est, ita in usum ordinarium substitutum est. === Concessiones Ioannis Pauli II === [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioannes Paulus II]] anno 1984 per documentum ''Quattuor abhinc annos'' episcopis facultatem dedit permittendi usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 sub certis condicionibus.<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (1984)}}</ref> Anno 1988, post consecrationes illicitas episcoporum a [[Marcellus Lefebvre|Marcello Lefebvre]] factas, Ioannes Paulus II motu proprio ''Ecclesia Dei'' edidit, in quo usum Missalis antiquioris amplius concessit et Commissionem Pontificiam "Ecclesia Dei" instituit ad fidelium traditioni adhaerentes curandos.<ref>{{qc|id=Ioannes Paulus II (1988)}}</ref> === Summorum Pontificum (2007) === Anno 2007, [[Benedictus XVI|Benedictus XVI]] per motu proprio ''Summorum Pontificum'' declaravit Missale Romanum a [[Pius V|Pio V]] promulgatum et a [[Ioannes XXIII|Ioanne XXIII]] anno 1962 editum numquam abrogatum esse. Illud "Formam Extraordinariam" Ritus Romani nominavit, Missam autem Pauli VI "Formam Ordinariam".<ref>{{qc|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)}}</ref> Benedictus statuit quemlibet sacerdotem Ritus Latini posse utramque formam celebrare sine expressa licentia episcopi vel Sanctae Sedis. Sperabat has "duas formas usum Ritus Romani" se mutuo "dituras" esse neque divisionem in Ecclesia causaturas.<ref>{{qc|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)}}</ref> === Ante promulgationem === Anno 2020, Congregatio pro Doctrina Fidei quaestionarium ad episcopos catholicos totius orbis misit de applicatione ''Summorum Pontificum'' in eorum dioecesibus.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Exitus huius consultationis publici iuris non facti sunt. Papa Franciscus postea dixit responsa episcoporum "statum qui me sollicitat et contristat" revelare et eum persuasisse de necessitate interveniendi.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Mense Maio 2021, paucos ante menses quam ''Traditionis custodes'' promulgata est, fama erat Franciscum in coetu clauso cum membris Conferentiae Episcopalis Italicae dixisse se textum restrictivum approbare paratum esse.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Documentum promulgatum est duobus post diebus quam Franciscus ex nosocomio, ubi novem dies fuerat, rediit. == Praescripta principalia == Litterae apostolicae in octo articulos dividuntur. '''Articulus primus''' declarat libros liturgicos a [[Paulus VI|Paulo VI]] et [[Ioannes Paulus II|Ioanne Paulo II]] post Concilium Vaticanum II promulgatos esse "unicam expressionem ''legis orandi'' Ritus Romani".<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> Hoc verbum "unica expressio" significat Formam Extraordinariam iam non esse alteram expressionem eiusdem ''legis orandi'', ut Benedictus XVI docuerat. '''Articulus secundus''' statuit episcopum dioecesanum esse "moderatorem, promotorem atque custodem" totius vitae liturgicae in sua Ecclesia particulari, eiusque esse "exclusivam competentiam" permittendi usum Missalis Romani anni 1962 in sua dioecesi, iuxta Sedis Apostolicae lineamenta.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articulus tertius''' episcopis in quorum dioecesibus coetus Missam Tridentinam celebrantes iam exsistunt mandat ut: # Verificent hos coetus validitatem et legitimitatem instaurationis liturgicae Concilii Vaticani II non excludere. # Unum vel plures locos designent (sed non ecclesias paroeciales, nec novas paroecias personales erigendo) ubi hi coetus ad Eucharistiam celebrandam convenire possint. # Dies statuant quibus celebrationes eucharisticae iuxta Missale anni 1962 permittuntur, in quibus lectiones lingua vernacula proclamandae sunt. # Presbyterum delegatum designent, Latine peritum et pastorali cura praeditum, qui hos coetus curet. # Verificent utrum paroeciae personales pro his fidelibus erectae spirituali eorum incremento efficaciter inserviant. # Impediant ne novi coetus constituantur.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articuli quartus et quintus''' praecipiunt ut presbyteri post promulgationem huius documenti ordinati, qui Missale anni 1962 adhibere velint, petitionem formalem ad episcopum dioecesanum mittant, qui ante concessionem a Sede Apostolica licentiam rogabit. Presbyteri qui iam iuxta Missale anni 1962 celebrant debent ab episcopo licentiam ad hanc facultatem servandam petere.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articuli sextus et septimus''' iurisdictionem super instituta vitae consecratae et societates vitae apostolicae a Pontificia Commissione "Ecclesia Dei" erecta ad Congregationem pro Institutis Vitae Consecratae et Societatibus Vitae Apostolicae transferunt. Haec Congregatio et Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum auctoritatem Sanctae Sedis in his rebus exercent.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> '''Articulus octavus''' omnes normas, dispositiones, concessiones et consuetudines priores quae huic motu proprio non conformes sunt abrogat. Dispositiones statim vim obtinuerunt.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021)}}</ref> == Epistula comitans == Simul cum ''Traditionis custodes'', Papa Franciscus epistulam pastoralem ad episcopos totius orbis misit, in qua rationes suae decisionis exposuit, eodem modo quo Benedictus XVI epistulam comitantem ad ''Summorum Pontificum'' miserat. === De intentionibus praedecessorum === Franciscus in hac epistula explicat concessiones a Ioanne Paulo II et Benedicto XVI factas "praecipue motivatas fuisse desiderio sanandi schisma cum motu Mons. Lefebvre". Addit se credere "multos in Ecclesia hanc facultatem occasionem habuisse libere adoptandi Missale Romanum a S. Pio V promulgatum eoque utendi modo parallelo cum Missali Romano a S. Paulo VI promulgato".<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Franciscus commemorat Benedictum XVI in ''Summorum Pontificum'' timorem divisionis "infundatum" vocavisse et sperasse duas formas se mutuo "dituras" esse. Sed Franciscus dicit exitus consultationis episcoporum "statum qui me sollicitat et contristat" revelare: "Occasio a S. Ioanne Paulo II oblata et, maiori cum magnanimitate, a Benedicto XVI, ad recuperandam unitatem corporis ecclesialis cum diversis sensibus liturgicis, saepe graviter neglecta est. [...] Exploitata est ad distantias augendas, diversitates roborandas, et dissensiones fovendas quae Ecclesiam laedunt, eius iter impediunt et eam periculo divisionis exponunt."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> === De Concilio Vaticano II === Franciscus dicit se dolere de abusibus liturgicis "ex utraque parte", sed praecipue se tristari quod "usus instrumentalis Missalis Romani anni 1962 saepe characterizatur reiectione non solum instaurationis liturgicae, sed ipsius Concilii Vaticani II, asserendo, assertionibus infundatis et insustentabilibus, id Traditionem et 'veram Ecclesiam' prodidisse". Franciscus hanc assertionem reicit et dicit: "Dubitare de Concilio est dubitare de intentionibus ipsorum Patrum qui potestatem suam collegialem modo solemni ''cum Petro et sub Petro'' in Concilio oecumenico exercuerunt, et, in ultima analysi, dubitare de ipso Spiritu Sancto qui Ecclesiam ducit."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> === De unitate Ecclesiae === Franciscus "rationem finalem" suae decisionis esse dicit quod "magis magisque in verbis et atitudinibus multorum manifesta est arcta connexio inter electionem celebrationum iuxta libros liturgicos ante Concilium Vaticanum II et reiectionem Ecclesiae eiusque institutionum nomine eius quod vocatur 'vera Ecclesia'". Propter hoc, "in defensionem unitatis Corporis Christi, cogor facultatem a praedecessoribus meis concessam revocare."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Ad episcopos appellans, Franciscus scribit: "Dum in exercitio ministerii mei in servitium unitatis hanc decisionem suscipio, vos rogo ut hanc sarcinam mecum participetis tamquam formam participationis in sollicitudine pro tota Ecclesia episcopis propria."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> == Instructiones et clarificationes subsequentes == === Responsa ad dubia (2021) === Die 18 Decembris 2021, Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum responsa ad undecim dubia de applicatione ''Traditionis custodes'' edidit, approbante Papa Francisco. Haec documenta, die 4 Decembris 2021 data, inter alia statuerunt: * Missam Tridentinam in ecclesia paroeciali celebrari posse solum si locus alius omnino non adest, cum licentia tum episcopi tum Congregationis, sed haec celebratio in horarium paroeciale non inserenda est. * Sacramenta confirmationis et ordinationis secundum Pontificale Romanum antiquum omnino vetita esse; sacramenta baptismi, paenitentiae, matrimonii, unctionis infirmorum et exsequiarum iuxta Rituale Romanum anni 1952 solum in paroecis personalibus permitti. * Sacerdotes qui concelebrare recusant, praesertim in Missa Chrismatis cum episcopo in Feria V Hebdomadae Sanctae, licentiam celebrandi Missam Tridentinam obtinere non posse. * Lectiones in Missa Tridentina semper lingua vernacula proclamandas esse, adhibitis translationibus a Conferentia Episcopali approbatis. * Licentiam celebrandi Missam Tridentinam ad territorium episcopi concedentis restrictam esse, et sacerdotem semel tantum in die Missam Tridentinam celebrare posse.<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)}}</ref> [[Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum]] etiam in hac instructione officiali (''responsa'') declaravit textum Latinum ''Traditionis custodes'' esse "textum officialem qui adhibendus est".<ref>{{qc|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)}}</ref> === Desiderio desideravi (2022) === Die 29 Iunii 2022, Papa Franciscus epistulam apostolicam ''Desiderio desideravi'' promulgavit, in qua iterum affirmavit se ''Traditionis custodes'' scripsisse quia libri liturgici Pauli VI et Ioannis Pauli II "fidelitatem instaurationis Concilii" praebent et quia Franciscus vult "Ecclesiam in varietate tot linguarum unam eandemque orationem tollere quae eius unitatem exprimere valeat". Addit: "Ad illam formam ritualem redire non possumus quam Patres Concilii [...] reformandam esse censuerunt."<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2022)}}</ref> === Rescriptum (2023) === Die 21 Februarii 2023, Sancta Sedes rescriptum papale edidit, a Cardinali Arthuro Roche, Praefecto Dicasterio pro Cultu Divino, scriptum et die praecedenti a Papa approbatum. Rescriptum clarius statuit dispensationes a restrictionibus ''Traditionis custodes'' (secundum canonem 87 Codicis Iuris Canonici) Sedi Apostolicae reservari, ita episcopis prohibens quominus suas proprias dispensationes concedant.<ref>{{qc|id=Roche (2023)}}</ref> == Receptio == === In Ecclesia Catholica === Receptio ''Traditionis custodes'' in Ecclesia Catholica valde divisa fuit. Cardinalis [[Gualterius Kasper]] documentum laudavit, asserens "maximam partem" catholicorum Missae Tridentinae adversam esse et quosdam asseclas Missae Tridentinae Benedictum XVI ad divisionem adhibuisse.<ref>{{qc|id=Kasper (2021)}}</ref> Conferentia Episcoporum Civitatum Foederatarum, per praesidem suum Iosephum Horatium Gomez, documentum accepit, episcopos hortans ad "curam, patientiam, iustitiam et caritatem" in applicatione.<ref>{{qc|id=Gomez (2021)}}</ref> Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae similiter documentum accepit, fidelibus Missae Tridentinae adhaerentes "aestimationem" suam exprimendo.<ref>{{qc|id=Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis [[Raimundus Leo Burke]], olim Praefectus Supremi Tribunalis Signaturae Apostolicae, documentum "severum et revolutionarium" vocavit et dubitavit de potestate papae usum ritus antiqui revocandi.<ref>{{qc|id=Burke (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis [[Gerhardus Ludovicus Müller]], olim Praefectus [[Dicasterium pro Doctrina Fidei|Congregationis pro Doctrina Fidei]], documentum "durum" descripsit.<ref>{{qc|id=Müller (2021)}}</ref> Cardinalis Iosephus Zen declaravit "multas generalizationes tendentiosas in documentis corda multorum bonorum hominum plus quam expectatum laesisse".<ref>{{qc|id=Zen (2021)}}</ref> [[Georgius Gänswein]], secretarius Papae Emeriti Benedicti XVI, in libro ''Nient'altro che la verità'' (2023) scripsit Benedictum ''Traditionis custodes'' "cum dolore in corde" legisse et restrictionem Missae Tridentinae "errorem" esse censuisse, quia "conatum pacificationis in periculum posuerit".<ref>{{qc|id=Gänswein (2023)}}</ref> === Catholici traditionalistae === Catholici traditionalistae documentum statim ut "impetum in ipsos et in liturgiam antiquam" perceperunt.<ref>{{qc|id=Franciscus (2021a)}}</ref> Iosephus Shaw, praeses Societatis Missae Latinae Angliae et Cambriae, documentum "stupendum" vocavit et dixit Franciscum "omnino solvisse dispositiones ''Summorum Pontificum''".<ref>{{qc|id=Shaw (2021)}}</ref> [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri]] (FSSP) "cum admiratione" documentum accepit et "magnam tristitiam" expressit de rationibus adductis ad usum Missalis Ioannis XXIII limitandum, quod "centrum charismatissui" est.<ref>{{qc|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2021)}}</ref> Tamen, die 21 Februarii 2022, Fraternitas nuntiavit Papam Franciscum die 4 Februarii eis dixisse instituta quorum ratio existendi usus Missalis Tridentini est a motu proprio non affici, et decretum speciale emisisse quo membris FSSP facultas celebrandi Missam et sacramenta iuxta editiones typicas librorum liturgicorum anni 1962 concessa est.<ref>{{qc|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2022)}}</ref> [[Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce]] declarationem officialem edidit in qua reiecit assertionem eos qui Missis Tridentinis intersunt Ecclesiae Catholicae et Concilio Vaticano II inoboedientes esse.<ref>{{qc|id=Una Voce (2021)}}</ref> Davides Pagliarani, Superior Generalis [[Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Pii X|Fraternitatis Societatis Sancti Pii X]], scripsit: "Aetas 'hermeneuticae continuitatis', cum suis aequivocationibus, illusionibus et conatibus impossibilibus, radicitus finita est." Addidit Missam Tridentinam "conceptionem vitae christianae exprimere et tradere quae omnino incompatibilis est cum ecclesiologia ex Concilio Vaticano II orta".<ref>{{qc|id=Pagliarani (2021)}}</ref> === Academici === Curtius Martens, professor iuris canonici in Universitate Catholica Americae, notavit terminum "Forma Extraordinaria" in nova legislatione non amplius adhiberi et episcopis dioecesanis "latam responsabilitatem" datam esse quoad usum liturgiae prioris.<ref>{{qc|id=Martens (2021)}}</ref> Christophorus Bellitto, professor historiae Ecclesiae in Universitate Kean, dixit Franciscum recte intervenisse, notans decisionem Benedicti XVI "multas consequentias non intentas habuisse quae non solum Ecclesiam diviserunt sed etiam relationes cum Iudaeis turbaverint".<ref>{{qc|id=Bellitto (2021)}}</ref> Martinus Klöckener, professor liturgiae in Universitate Friburgensi, documentum ut "correctionem necessariam" approbionis Benedicti accepit, notans id auctoritatem episcopis localium restauravisse.<ref>{{qc|id=Klöckener (2021)}}</ref> === Opinio publica === Investigatio mensis Septembris 2021 a ''Pew Research Center'' in Civitatibus Foederatis facta invenit circiter duas ex tribus partes catholicorum Americanorum novarum restrictionum ignaros esse. Inter catholicos qui singulis hebdomadibus Missam frequentant, 29% restrictiones improbaverunt, 11% approbaverunt, 17% nullam opinionem habuerunt, et 42% earum ignari erant.<ref>{{qc|id=Pew Research Center (2021)}}</ref> == Applicatio == === America Centralis === Die 20 Iulii 2021, Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae statuit nullam Missam Tridentinam in ullis dioecesibus suis permitti.<ref>{{qc|id=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae (2021)}}</ref> === Civitates Foederatae === Secundum ''The Pillar'', ante ''Traditionis custodes'' 657 loca in Civitatibus Foederatis erant ubi Missa Tridentina regulariter celebrabatur. Nonnulli episcopi Americani (sicut Scharfenberger, Aquila, et Cordileone) affirmaverunt Missam Tridentinam in suis dioecesibus continuaturam esse.<ref>{{qc|id=The Pillar (2021)}}</ref> Mense Decembri 2021, Cardinalis Blasius Cupich in Archidioecesi Chicagiensi restrictiones imposuit, inter alia vetando Missas Tridentinas in primis Dominicis cuiusque mensis et in Nativitate Domini, Triduo Paschali et Dominica Pentecostes.<ref>{{qc|id=Cupich (2021)}}</ref> === Britannia === In [[Anglia]], prima paroecia personalis pro celebratione Missae Tridentinae anno 2018 erecta erat, tribus annis ante ''Traditionis custodes''. Conferentia Episcopalis Angliae et Cambriae declarationem generalem non edidit. Quidam episcopi Missas Tridentinas statim prohibuerunt, alii licentias temporarias concesserunt donec documentum diligentius examinassent.<ref>{{qc|id=The Tablet (2021)}}</ref> Mense Februario 2024, Cardinalis Vincentius Nichols nuntiavit Missam Tridentinam pro Triduo Paschali, quae quotannis in ecclesia Sanctae Mariae Moorfields celebrari solebat, cancellatam esse, quod primum erat ex annis 1990 ut Triduum iuxta ritus antiquos in Archidioecesi Westmonasteriensi non celebraretur.<ref>{{qc|id=Nichols (2024)}}</ref> == Vide etiam == * [[Summorum Pontificum]] * [[Missa Tridentina]] * [[Concilium Vaticanum Secundum]] * [[Sacrosanctum Concilium]] * [[Desiderio desideravi]] * [[Franciscus (papa)]] == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2021|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Traditionis Custodes de usu librorum liturgicorum instaurationem Concilii Vaticani II antecedentium|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=113|paginae=793–796|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/la/motu_proprio/documents/20210716-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2021a)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2021|titulus=Epistula ad Episcopos totius orbis comitans Litteras Apostolicas Motu Proprio datas Traditionis Custodes|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=113|paginae=802–811|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/letters/2021/documents/20210716-lettera-vescovi-liturgia.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (1984)|c={{Opus|auctor=Congregatio de Cultu Divino|annus=1984|titulus=Quattuor abhinc annos (Epistula Circularis)}}}} * {{ec|id=Ioannes Paulus II (1988)|c={{Opus|auctor=Ioannes Paulus II PP.|annus=1988|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Ecclesia Dei|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=80|paginae=1495–1498|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/john-paul-ii/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_jp-ii_motu-proprio_02071988_ecclesia-dei.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Benedictus XVI (2007)|c={{Opus|auctor=Benedictus XVI PP.|annus=2007|titulus=Litterae Apostolicae Motu Proprio datae Summorum Pontificum|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=99|paginae=777–781|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/la/motu_proprio/documents/hf_ben-xvi_motu-proprio_20070707_summorum-pontificum.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Paulus VI (1969)|c={{Opus|auctor=Paulus VI PP.|annus=1969|titulus=Missale Romanum (editio typica)}}}} * {{ec|id=Congregatio de Cultu Divino (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Congregatio de Cultu Divino et Disciplina Sacramentorum|annus=2021|titulus=Responsa ad dubia de quibusdam provisionibus Litterarum Apostolicarum Motu Proprio datarum Traditionis Custodes|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=114|paginae=139–149|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20211204_responsa-ad-dubia-tradizionis-custodes_en.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Franciscus (2022)|c={{Opus|auctor=Franciscus PP.|annus=2022|titulus=Epistula Apostolica Desiderio desideravi de liturgica formatione Populi Dei|url=https://www.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/apost_letters/documents/20220629-lettera-ap-desiderio-desideravi.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Roche (2023)|c={{Opus|auctor=Roche, Arthur|annus=2023|titulus=Rescriptum ex Audientia SS.mi|opus=Acta Apostolicae Sedis|volumen=115|paginae=370–371|url=https://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/congregations/ccdds/documents/rc_con_ccdds_doc_20230220_rescriptum-traditionis-custodes_en.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Burke (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Burke, Raymond Leo|annus=2021 |titulus=Statement on the Motu Proprio Traditionis Custodes |url=https://cardinalburke.com/presentations/traditionis-custodes/}}}} * {{ec|id=Müller (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Müller, Gerhard Ludwig|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Mueller on the New TLM Restrictions|opus=The Catholic Thing|url=https://www.thecatholicthing.org/2021/07/19/cardinal-mueller-on-the-new-tlm-restrictions}}}} * {{ec|id=Zen (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Zen, Iosephus|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Zen Reacts to Restrictions on Traditional Latin Masses|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/cna/cardinal-zen-reacts-to-restrictions-on-traditional-latin-masses}}}} * {{ec|id=Kasper (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Kasper, Walter|annus=2021|titulus=Cardinal Kasper Responds to Pope Francis' New Motu Proprio on the Mass|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/blog/cardinal-kasper-responds-to-pope-francis-new-motu-proprio-on-the-mass}}}} * {{ec|id=Gomez (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Gomez, José Horacio|annus=2021|titulus=Statement on Motu Proprio Traditionis Custodes|editor=United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|url=https://www.usccb.org/news/2021/statement-motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes}}}} * {{ec|id=Conferentia Episcoporum Galliae (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Conférence des Évêques de France|annus=2021|titulus=Communiqué de la Conférence des évêques de France, suite au motu proprio « Traditionis custodes »|url=https://www.diocese-mende.fr/motu-proprio-traditionis-custodes/}}}} * {{ec|id=Shaw (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Shaw, Joseph|annus=2021|titulus=Some Comments on the Apostolic Letter 'Traditionis Custodes'|editor=Latin Mass Society of England and Wales|url=https://lms.org.uk/blog/some-comments-apostolic-letter-traditionis-custodes}}}} * {{ec|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri|annus=2021|titulus=Communiqué on Traditionis Custodes|url=https://www.fssp.org/en/communique-of-the-priestly-fraternity-of-saint-peter/}}}} * {{ec|id=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri (2022)|c={{Opus|auctor=Fraternitas Sacerdotalis Sancti Petri|annus=2022|titulus=Official Communiqué: Decree of Pope Francis granting faculties to the FSSP|url=https://www.fssp.org/en/decree-of-pope-francis-granting-faculties-to-the-fssp/}}}} * {{ec|id=Una Voce (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Foederatio Internationalis Una Voce|annus=2021|titulus=Official Statement of the Fœderatio Internationalis Una Voce regarding the Motu Proprio «Traditionis Custodes»|url=http://www.fiuv.org/2021/07/oficial-statement-of-fderatio.html}}}} * {{ec|id=Pagliarani (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Pagliarani, Davides|annus=2021|titulus=Letter from SSPX Superior General about "Traditionis custodes"|editor=Societas Sancti Pii X|url=https://florida.sspx.org/en/news/letter-sspx-superior-general-about-traditionis-custodes-26529}}}} * {{ec|id=Gänswein (2023)|c={{Opus|auctor=Gänswein, Georg|annus=2023|titulus=Nichts als die Wahrheit: Mein Leben mit Benedikt XVI.|editor=Herder|isbn=9783451830228|url=https://www.herder.de/religion-spiritualitaet/shop/p3/82234-nichts-als-die-wahrheit-gebundene-ausgabe/}}}} * {{ec|id=Martens (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Martens, Kurt|annus=2021|titulus=Commentaria de Traditionis Custodes|editor=Catholic University of America|nota=Fons primarius in interrete non inventus.}}}} * {{ec|id=Bellitto (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Bellitto, Christopher|annus=2021|titulus=Francis reimposes restrictions on Latin Mass, reversing decision of Pope Benedict|opus=National Catholic Reporter|url=https://www.ncronline.org/vatican/francis-reimposes-restrictions-latin-mass-reversing-decision-pope-benedict}}}} * {{ec|id=Klöckener (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Klöckener, Martin|annus=2021|titulus=Commentaria de Traditionis Custodes|editor=Universitas Friburgensis|nota=Fons primarius in interrete non inventus.}}}} * {{ec|id=Pew Research Center (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Pew Research Center|annus=2021|titulus=Survey on U.S. Catholic Awareness of Traditionis Custodes|url=https://www.pewresearch.org/religion/2021/11/23/most-u-s-catholics-unaware-of-pope-francis-new-restrictions-on-traditional-latin-mass/}}}} * {{ec|id=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Conferentia Episcopalis Costaricae|annus=2021|titulus=Mensaje de los Obispos de la Conferencia Episcopal de Costa Rica|url=https://www.iglesiacr.org/mensaje-de-los-obispos-de-la-conferencia-episcopal-de-costa-rica/}}}} * {{ec|id=The Pillar (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=The Pillar|annus=2021|titulus=How extraordinary is the Extraordinary Form? The frequency of the 'usus antiquior'|url=https://www.pillarcatholic.com/p/how-extraordinary-is-the-extraordinary}}}} * {{ec|id=Cupich (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=Cupich, Blasius|annus=2021|titulus=Policy for Implementing Traditionis Custodes in the Archdiocese of Chicago|opus=The Chicago Catholic|url=https://www.chicagocatholic.com/chicagoland/-/article/2022/01/05/archdiocese-sets-policy-for-implementing-traditionis-custodes-}}}} * {{ec|id=The Tablet (2021)|c={{Opus|auctor=The Tablet|annus=2021|titulus=Reactions to Traditionis Custodes in England and Wales}}}} * {{ec|id=Nichols (2024)|c={{Opus|auctor=Nichols, Vincent|annus=2024|titulus=Cardinal Nichols Prohibits Traditional Easter Triduum Services|opus=National Catholic Register|url=https://www.ncregister.com/news/traditional-latin-mass-cardinal-nichols-pentin}}}} [[Categoria:Documenta Papae Francisci]] [[Categoria:Documenta ecclesiastica anni 2021]] [[Categoria:Liturgia catholica]] [[Categoria:Missa Tridentina]] 0rk2t71csv7qgynf0jysjoed4m61u0e 0 325320 3962644 3962566 2026-05-30T14:26:48Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962644 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Eventus currens}} Res gestae anno {{res|[[2026]] in [[Civitas Vaticana|Civitate Vaticana]]}}. ==Duces== *[[Papa]]: [[Leo XIV]] ==Eventa== *6 Ianuarii: Finis [[Iubilaeum anni 2025|Iubilaei]] [[Iubilaeum anni 2025|2025]].<ref>[https://www.aciprensa.com/noticias/104354/texto-completo-spes-non-confundit-la-bula-del-jubileo-2025 Ref]</ref> *12 Martii: Papa Leo archiepiscopum Ludovicum Marin de Sancto Martino Hispaniae Praefectum Dicasterii pro Ministerio Caritatis nominat, pro Konrado Krajewsko, qui archiepiscopus [[Lodzia|Lodziensis]] in [[Polonia]] designatur.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/vatican-pope-charity-appointment-b6e4703cfd3cacd244bcf4d18613dd9b Ref]</ref> *17 Martii: [[Supremum Tribunal Signaturae Apostolicae|Signatura Apostolica,]] ob errores in procedura a parte accusatrice et Gregorio Papa III tunc temporis commissos, iudicium in causa de culpa pecuniaria contra Cardinalem Ioannem Angelum Becciu irritum esse declarat et novum iudicium ad diem 22 Iunii indicit.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/vatican-trial-of-century-mistrial-cardinal-e82536c82130531f1e1341c047f15682 Ref]</ref> {{NexInt}} * [[2026#Eventa|2026 in Mundo]] == Notae == {{Reflist}} [[Categoria:2026]] [[Categoria:Civitas Vaticana]] e5h51y0gwm7sto596euct1y1gp3wnim 0 325329 3962609 2026-05-30T12:31:13Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a documentatione francica 3962609 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise Vouvant.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Volventum: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] [[Assumptio]]nis dicata.]] {{res|Volventum}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t.3, p. 649.</ref> (Francogallice ''Vouvant'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 829 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vendea (praefectura Franciae)|Vendeae]] in regione [[Pagi Ligeris|Pago Ligeris]]. == Historia == * Munitio Volventi est complexus munitionum mediaevalium, castellum et murum urbanum comprehendens, cuius origines ad [[saeculus 12|saeculum XII]] pertinent. Multae reliquiae hodie supersunt, quarum optime conservatae sunt Turris Melusina, aggeres et turres boreorientales, et Porta Poterna. [[Fasciculus:Les remparts de Vouvant 1.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Volventum: aggeres occidentali.]] * Tempore [[Res novae Francicae|Revolutionis]], pauci incolae communis in [[Bellus Vendeae|rebellione regia]] participaverunt. Exercitus Vendenensis bis per Volventum mense Maio anni 1793 transiit. Die [[16 Maii]], exercitus missae celebratae in ecclesia Dominae Nostrae ante Proelium [[Fontenay-le-Comte]] interfuit. Mense Ianuario [[1794]], [[columnae infernales]] per Volventum, quod "unum ex communibus patrioticis in departamento" appellatum est, transierunt. Hoc transitu, commune quinque vel sex incendia in aedificiis suis rusticis passa est. Duodecim incolae Volventi comprehensi et ad Fontenay die [[10 Februarii]] 1794 a Commissione Vigilantiae in communi constituta ducti sunt. == Vires notabiles == * [[Aemilius Armandus Chaigneau]] (1795-1881), legatus parlamenti tempore Monarchiae Iulii, hic natus est. * [[Mauritius de La Pintière]] (1920-2006), pictor, hic natus est. * [[Petrus Rézeau]] (1938-), philologus, hic natus est. * [[Dominicus Rézeau]] (1947-), sacerdos Catholicus legatus, et historicus, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Voucant|Volventum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] k793s69qa1qibti4jfb68l0cqdmvukj 3962610 3962609 2026-05-30T12:31:57Z Pippobuono 54500 /* Historia */ saeculum 3962610 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:Eglise Vouvant.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Volventum: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Maria (mater Iesu)|Nostrae Dominae]] [[Assumptio]]nis dicata.]] {{res|Volventum}}<ref>{{Graesse}}, t.3, p. 649.</ref> (Francogallice ''Vouvant'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 829 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vendea (praefectura Franciae)|Vendeae]] in regione [[Pagi Ligeris|Pago Ligeris]]. == Historia == * Munitio Volventi est complexus munitionum mediaevalium, castellum et murum urbanum comprehendens, cuius origines ad [[saeculum 12|saeculum XII]] pertinent. Multae reliquiae hodie supersunt, quarum optime conservatae sunt Turris Melusina, aggeres et turres boreorientales, et Porta Poterna. [[Fasciculus:Les remparts de Vouvant 1.JPG|thumb|upright=0.8|Volventum: aggeres occidentali.]] * Tempore [[Res novae Francicae|Revolutionis]], pauci incolae communis in [[Bellus Vendeae|rebellione regia]] participaverunt. Exercitus Vendenensis bis per Volventum mense Maio anni 1793 transiit. Die [[16 Maii]], exercitus missae celebratae in ecclesia Dominae Nostrae ante Proelium [[Fontenay-le-Comte]] interfuit. Mense Ianuario [[1794]], [[columnae infernales]] per Volventum, quod "unum ex communibus patrioticis in departamento" appellatum est, transierunt. Hoc transitu, commune quinque vel sex incendia in aedificiis suis rusticis passa est. Duodecim incolae Volventi comprehensi et ad Fontenay die [[10 Februarii]] 1794 a Commissione Vigilantiae in communi constituta ducti sunt. == Vires notabiles == * [[Aemilius Armandus Chaigneau]] (1795-1881), legatus parlamenti tempore Monarchiae Iulii, hic natus est. * [[Mauritius de La Pintière]] (1920-2006), pictor, hic natus est. * [[Petrus Rézeau]] (1938-), philologus, hic natus est. * [[Dominicus Rézeau]] (1947-), sacerdos Catholicus legatus, et historicus, hic natus est. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Voucant|Volventum}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] p5d16jegqosth1ubxha6htnd38jvphy 1 325330 3962611 2026-05-30T12:32:48Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3962611 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|Vouvant|236150879}} 4lfjtvbf6rh80pjjmdlc8dd9vfna3pu 0 325331 3962622 2026-05-30T12:58:08Z Andrew Dalby 1084 nova 3962622 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est magnum opus [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]] ... == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textusw] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] plrem122fso9fnw77fpfs7b083glkoc 3962623 3962622 2026-05-30T13:00:23Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] 3962623 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est magnum opus [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]] ... == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textusw] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] oxw87sivkt3unn9efy7kmxlp9yxyeuw 3962626 3962623 2026-05-30T13:01:38Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]]; +[[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]]; +[[Categoria:Libri historici]] 3962626 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est magnum opus [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]] ... == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textusw] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] [[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] 0a5z1xkeonobnaoiib3l9lbexkdnd11 3962627 3962626 2026-05-30T13:29:00Z Andrew Dalby 1084 bibl etc. 3962627 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est magnum opus [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]]. Huius operis prima pars tantum Hispali anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit, auctore etiam vivente; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prodit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textus] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * Amalia Iniesta Cámara, "Relaciones culturales España-América. Conquista y colonia: La Crónica. Relaciones entre Pedro Cieza de León y el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 125-136 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * R. Porras Barrenechea, "Crónicas perdidas, presuntas y olvidadas sobre la Conquista del Perú" in ''Documenta. Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Historia'' vol. 2 (1950) * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease, praef., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Biblioteca Peruana, 1986 * José Ramón Vallejo Villalobos, José Miguel Cobos Bueno, "Drogas vegetales en la obra Parte primera de la Crónica del Perú de Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 141-162 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] [[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] 6g1lbi4zpbj07ffi3ij95p700xbdfjq 3962629 3962627 2026-05-30T13:31:03Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962629 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Cronicadelperu.jpg|thumb|Titulus primae partis ''Chronicorum'' anno 1553 divulgatae]] '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est magnum opus [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]]. Huius operis prima pars tantum Hispali anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit, auctore etiam vivente; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prodit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textus] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * Amalia Iniesta Cámara, "Relaciones culturales España-América. Conquista y colonia: La Crónica. Relaciones entre Pedro Cieza de León y el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 125-136 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * R. Porras Barrenechea, "Crónicas perdidas, presuntas y olvidadas sobre la Conquista del Perú" in ''Documenta. Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Historia'' vol. 2 (1950) * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease, praef., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Biblioteca Peruana, 1986 * José Ramón Vallejo Villalobos, José Miguel Cobos Bueno, "Drogas vegetales en la obra Parte primera de la Crónica del Perú de Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 141-162 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] [[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] 1xkronvk6la0oqto1cwx0hjvsgeespo 3962637 3962629 2026-05-30T14:20:10Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962637 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Cronicadelperu.jpg|thumb|Titulus primae partis ''Chronicorum'' anno 1553 divulgatae]] '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est [[magnum opus]] [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]]. Huius operis prima pars tantum [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit, [[auctor]]e etiam vivente; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prolata est. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Saenz de Santa Maria, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 2 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987: [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textus] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * Amalia Iniesta Cámara, "Relaciones culturales España-América. Conquista y colonia: La Crónica. Relaciones entre Pedro Cieza de León y el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 125-136 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * R. Porras Barrenechea, "Crónicas perdidas, presuntas y olvidadas sobre la Conquista del Perú" in ''Documenta. Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Historia'' vol. 2 (1950) * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease, praef., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Biblioteca Peruana, 1986 * José Ramón Vallejo Villalobos, José Miguel Cobos Bueno, "Drogas vegetales en la obra Parte primera de la Crónica del Perú de Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 141-162 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] 83zd5nfjnlpf1fqpei12k9jc0a4itz0 3962640 3962637 2026-05-30T14:23:36Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3962640 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Cronicadelperu.jpg|thumb|Titulus primae partis ''Chronicorum'' anno 1553 divulgatae]] '''''Crónica del Perú''''', orthographia prisca ''Chronica del Peru'', est [[magnum opus]] [[Petrus de Cieza de León|Petri de Cieza de León]]. Huius operis prima pars tantum [[Hispalis|Hispali]] anno [[1553]] divulgari iussit, [[auctor]]e etiam vivente; secunda pars anno [[1880]], tertia anno [[1987]], quarta autem, quae titulum habet ''Guerras civiles del Perú'', anno [[1877]] e prelo prolata est. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1553 : [pars 1] ''Parte primera dela chronica del Peru'' (Hispali: en casa de Martin de Montesdoca, 1553); [https://archive.org/details/parteprimeradela00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru_201612 aliud exemplar] apud ''Internet Archive'' ** Editio Antverpiana 1554; [https://archive.org/details/PartePrimeraDeLaChronicaDelPeru/ Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/lachronicadelper00ciez/ alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 i-ii] ''Guerras civiles del Perú''. 2 voll. Matriti [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20tomo%20I/ vol. 1] [https://archive.org/details/guerras-civiles-del-peru-tomo-i/Guerras%20civiles%20del%20Perú%20Tomo%20II/ vol. 2]; [https://archive.org/details/guerrascivilesde00ciez/page/n5/mode/2up alia editio] * 1877 : [pars 4 iii] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Tercero libro de Las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama La guerra de Quito''. Matriti: M. G. Hernandez; [https://archive.org/details/tercerolibrodela00ciez_0/ Textus] * 1880 : [pars 2] Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, ed., ''Segunda parte de la crónica del Perú: que trata del señorío del Inca yupanqui y de sus grandes hechos y gobernación''. Matriti: Imprenta Manuel Ginés Hernández [https://archive.org/details/cronica-del-peru-parte-2/ Textusw] * 1909 : [pars 4 iii] M. Serrano y Sanz, ed., "Tercer libro de las guerras civiles del Perú, el cual se llama la guerra de Quito" in ''Historiadores de Indias'' vol. 2. Matriti: Nueva Biblioteca de Autores Españoles [https://archive.org/details/historiadoresdei02serr_0/ Textus] * 1984-1985 : [partes 1-2, pars 4 i-iii] Carmelo Sáenz de Santa María, ed., ''Pedro de Cieza de León: Obras completas''. 3 voll. Matriti: Monumenta Hispano-Indiana * 1987 (sunt qui 1989): [pars 3] Francesca Cantù, ed., ''Crónicas del Perú. Tercera parte''. Lima: Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú y Academia Nacional de la Historia ; Versiones * 1555 : [pars 1] Augustino de Cravaliz, interpr., ''La prima parte de la cronica del grandissimo regno del Peru''. Romae, 1555; [https://archive.org/details/laprimapartedela00ciez/ textus] * 1709 : [pars 1] ''The seventeen years travels of Peter de Cieza, through the mighty kingdom of Peru, and the large provinces of Cartagena and Popayan in South America: ... Now first translated from the Spanish''. Londinii; [https://archive.org/details/seventeenyearstr00ciez/ Textus], [https://archive.org/details/b30536261/ aliud exemplar] * 1864 : [pars 1] [[Clements Markham]], interpr., ''The travels of Pedro de Cieza de León, A. D. 1532-50, contained in the first part of his Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1864; [https://archive.org/details/gri_000033125008673861/ Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1883 : [pars 2] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The second part of the Chronicle of Peru''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society [https://archive.org/details/secondpartchron00markgoog Textus] * 1913 : [pars 4 iii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''The war of Quito''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/warofquito00ciezrich/ Textus] * 1918 : [pars 4 ii] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars of Peru. Part IV book ii: The war of Chupas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/bwb_KV-731-238/ Textus] * 1923 : [pars 4 i] Clements Markham, interpr., ''Civil wars in Peru. The war of Las Salinas''. Londinii: Hakluyt Society; [https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.181677/ Textus] ; Eruditio * Concepción Bravo Guerreira, "Cieza de León. Su trayectoria vital y su Crónica del Perú" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 13-34 * Amalia Iniesta Cámara, "Relaciones culturales España-América. Conquista y colonia: La Crónica. Relaciones entre Pedro Cieza de León y el Inca Garcilaso de la Vega" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 125-136 * P. R. León, "Algunas observaciones sobre Pedro Cieza De León y la Crónica del Perú" in ''Biblioteca Románica Hispánica'' (1973) pp. 13-25 * {{ec|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019|c= Felipe Lorenzana de la Puente, Francisco Javier Mateos Ascacibar, edd., ''España y América. Cultura y colonización : V Centenario del nacimiento de Pedro Cieza de León, cronista de Indias (1518-1554). XIX jornadas de historia en Llerena''. Llerena : Sociedad Extremeña de Historia, 2019 }} * Luis Millones Figueroa, ''Pedro de Cieza de León y su Cronica de Indias. La Entrada de los Incas en la Historia Universal''. Lima: Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos, Fondo Editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2001. ISBN 9972-42-406-5 * Franklin Pease García Yrigoyen, "Estudio preliminar" in Pedro de Cieza de León, ''Crónica del Perú: el señorio de los Incas. Selección'' (Ayacucho, 2005) pp. ix-xxxiv; [https://web.archive.org/web/20160705182637/https://biblioteca.org.ar/libros/211665.pdf Textus] * R. Porras Barrenechea, "Crónicas perdidas, presuntas y olvidadas sobre la Conquista del Perú" in ''Documenta. Revista de la Sociedad Peruana de Historia'' vol. 2 (1950) * R. Porras Barrenechea; Franklin Pease, praef., ''Los Cronistas del Perú (1528-1600) y otros ensayos''. Lima: Biblioteca Peruana, 1986 * Victor Rodriguez Martín, ''Las guerras civiles de Perú en la crónica de Cieza de León: hombres, armas y escenarios''. 2015 * Carmelo Sáenz de Santa María, "Los manuscritos de Pedro Cieza de León" in ''Revista de Indias'' nº 145-146 (1976) pp. 181-215 * Carmelo Sáenz de Santa María, "Un manuscrito de Cieza localizado en la Biblioteca Apostólica Vaticana" in ''Revista de Indias'' nº 163-164 (1981) pp. 31-42 * Carmelo Sáenz de Santa María, "Los capítulos finales de la tercera parte de la Crónica del Perú de Pedro de Cieza de León" in ''Boletín del Instituto Riva Agüero'' [Lima] vol. 9 (1972-1974) pp. 35-67 * José Ramón Vallejo Villalobos, José Miguel Cobos Bueno, "Drogas vegetales en la obra Parte primera de la Crónica del Perú de Cieza de León" in {{qc|id= Lorenzana de la Puente et Mateos Ascacibar, edd., 2019}} pp. 141-162 == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Pedro Cieza de León|Petrum de Cieza de León}} * ''[https://morrimer.com/documentales/pedro-cieza-de-leon-y-la-cronica-del-peru/ Pedro Cieza de León y la Crónica del Perú]'' (de emissione documentaria) ** [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CAZia564ih0 Versio Anglica apud YouTube] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Libri historici]] [[Categoria:Peruviae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1553]] haqqykkoiipy19pfm50d4ycvj872p1t 0 325332 3962636 2026-05-30T14:15:38Z IacobusAmor 1163 IacobusAmor movit paginam [[Soultz-Haut-Rhin]] ad [[Sulsa]]: Lemma 3962636 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Sulsa]] f9qkfgb3x1ht5cfp9tz6amxr48iis48 0 325333 3962661 2026-05-30T15:24:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 Paginam instituit, scribens ''''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae datus est. == Notae == <references /> =...' 3962661 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 == Nexus externi == *[https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.460925/page/n1/mode/2up Textus apud archive.org] [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1944]] ne6gzer8kkljw1pl31uio41qoh6br1z 3962662 3962661 2026-05-30T15:24:41Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3962662 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1944]] fe7sp48oxafvv7j47q7ch33pdvogysk 3962663 3962662 2026-05-30T15:25:20Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3962663 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] j9x9lwsmm71at8ewl9zdcjuj88muuhy 3962664 3962663 2026-05-30T15:26:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3962664 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 5sla7f2joj5yin28yc54bia1crrhxxe 3962665 3962664 2026-05-30T15:27:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962665 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] tid60vmag55bqwytojkoa6l8o7xxwm8 3962666 3962665 2026-05-30T15:29:33Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962666 wikitext text/x-wiki '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 263xizbvferd1j43m7rsu7jokpgnj81 3962669 3962666 2026-05-30T15:35:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962669 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 54tz23x9p399n2m9sgro623d56okiee 3962670 3962669 2026-05-30T15:42:40Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962670 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 1yk4aa2tox9ebh406e678opeynw84gw 3962671 3962670 2026-05-30T15:44:45Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962671 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Valorous-yearscoverart.jpg|thumb]] '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] qr1ddbu7sxegjewbdexh1jxkpwgzljk 3962672 3962671 2026-05-30T15:44:55Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962672 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 1yk4aa2tox9ebh406e678opeynw84gw 3962677 3962672 2026-05-30T17:01:44Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962677 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] oifl6p1t78n73n1c55ak3bi6gce8ltv 3962678 3962677 2026-05-30T17:07:09Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962678 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] duhjg2o0gobsb6fexv53ubce0bbz4pc 3962679 3962678 2026-05-30T17:12:15Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Argumentum */ 3962679 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] fpdxu419ya7gub5ehqtnnsnl5b77jub 3962682 3962679 2026-05-30T17:16:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Argumentum */ 3962682 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 6mwlhxln4cmovrayt7zao65c44ieb29 3962695 3962682 2026-05-30T17:31:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Argumentum */ 3962695 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} '''''The Valorous Years''''' est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. Anna Geisler iam ei persuaserat ut rectionem instituti Wallace [[Edinburgum|Edimburgi]] peteret cum doctoris Murdoch, eius benefactoris, graviter vulnerati commotus Duncan ad eum sanandum profectus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] b1u1hrzxqematiddue9brlfuz33xc43 3962697 3962695 2026-05-30T17:35:38Z Bartholomite 116968 3962697 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}} {{ores|The Valorous Years}} est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. Anna Geisler iam ei persuaserat ut rectionem instituti Wallace [[Edinburgum|Edimburgi]] peteret cum doctoris Murdoch, eius benefactoris, graviter vulnerati commotus Duncan ad eum sanandum profectus est. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 3aklp8hyesd0vadtjkngoul1rym0aug 3962698 3962697 2026-05-30T17:51:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Argumentum */ 3962698 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}} {{ores|The Valorous Years}} est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. Anna Geisler iam ei persuaserat ut rectionem instituti Wallace [[Edinburgum|Edimburgi]] peteret cum doctoris Murdoch, eius benefactoris, graviter vulnerati commotus Duncan ad eum sanandum profectus est. Ad eius latus intellexit non [[Biochemia|biochemiae]] aut [[Laboratorium|laboratorii]] operae sese destinare velle sed veris hominibus sanandis quibuscum loqui et vivere liceret. Quocirca rustici medici successionem suscepit et eius filiam Iohannam uxorem duxit quae olim eum esurientem et madentem et pedibus ad urbem universitariam misere contendentem una cum patre hospitarat et adiuvarat et animum auxerat. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 1zuj0fveu0olepnuv1hox2p2myq0y0i 3962700 3962698 2026-05-30T17:59:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3962700 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}} {{ores|The Valorous Years}} est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. Anna Geisler iam ei persuaserat ut rectionem instituti Wallace [[Edinburgum|Edimburgi]] peteret cum doctoris Murdoch, eius benefactoris, graviter vulnerati commotus Duncan ad eum sanandum profectus est. Ad eius latus intellexit non [[Biochemia|biochemiae]] aut [[Laboratorium|laboratorii]] operae sese destinare velle sed veris hominibus sanandis quibuscum loqui et vivere liceret. Quocirca rustici medici successionem suscepit et eius filiam Iohannam uxorem duxit quae olim eum esurientem et madentem et pedibus ad urbem universitariam misere contendentem una cum patre hospitarat et adiuvarat et animum ei auxerat. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 8x66sxh3c6hejky33gfykuy816guox7 3962714 3962700 2026-05-30T20:35:35Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Argumentum */ 3962714 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Capsa libri Vicidatorum}} {{ores|The Valorous Years}} est [[mythistoria]] brevis [[Archibaldus Iosephus Cronin|Archibaldi Iosephi Cronin]], Scotici scriptoris, primum in fasciculis [[Periodicum|periodici]] ''Good Housekeeping'' anno [[1940]] publicata. Titulus versioni Francogallicae ''Les années d'illusion'' fuit, qui titulus etiam [[Series televisifica|seriei televisificae]] Francogallicae in sex episodiis ex illo libro anno [[1977]] ductae<ref>[http://php88.free.fr/bdff/image_film.php?ID=2711&p=film BDFF] [https://www.imdb.com/fr/title/tt0198051/ IMDb]. [https://www.dailymotion.com/video/xa5f4ws Daily motion]</ref> datus est. == Argumentum == Duncan Stirling, adulescens humili loco natus et pauper, quin etiam altero bracchio post [[Poliomyelitis|poliomyelitim]] resoluto, omnibus frustra dissuadentibus medicus fieri vult. Et magna pugnacitate [[stipendium scholasticum]] ad [[Universitas|Universitatis]] studia tertius in certamine adipiscitur. Ibi doctorem Annam Geisler cognoscit, ex Austria profugam et iam [[Neurochirurgia|arte neurochirurgica]] praeclaram, quae eum suum [[Anaesthesia|anaesthesistam]] fecit atque etiam audaci et insperata manu bracchium eius sanavit. [[Pygmalion (mythologia)|Pygmalion]] eius fieri cupit (decem annis maior natu erat) atque eum secum ad summa artis promovere dum ad [[Pathologia|pathologiam]] docendam [[Disquisitio scientifica|investigandamque]] eum destinat. Iam a schola et pueritia Duncan Margaret Scott clam amabat sed tum ab ea delusus postquam se viro glorioso et satis contemnendo nupturam ei renuntiavit labori impensius et durius sese dedicavit. Anna Geisler iam ei persuaserat ut rectionem instituti Wallace [[Edinburgum|Edimburgi]] peteret cum doctoris Murdoch, eius benefactoris, graviter vulnerati casu commotus Duncan ad eum sanandum profectus est. Ad eius latus intellexit non [[Biochemia|biochemiae]] aut [[Laboratorium|laboratorii]] operae sese destinare velle sed veris hominibus sanandis quibuscum loqui et vivere liceret. Quocirca rustici medici successionem suscepit et eius filiam Iohannam uxorem duxit quae olim eum esurientem et madentem et pedibus ad urbem universitariam misere contendentem una cum patre hospitarat et adiuvarat et animum ei auxerat. == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Tiphaine Averlant-Arnould, ''Archibald Joseph Cronin : médecin, écrivain et humaniste : introduction à l'univers romanesque de l'auteur de La citadelle'', Éditions Complicités, 2024. 978-2-38647-077-6 * Dale Salwak, ''A.J. Cronin'', [[Bostonia|Bostonii]], Twayne Publishers, 1985. 978-0-8057-6884-8 [[Categoria:Libri de Scotia]] [[Categoria:Litterae Anglicae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae ad pelliculas accommodatae]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae primum forma seriali editae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1940]] 58zzomkh186twqaigwbtmey83kefd8j 0 325334 3962685 2026-05-30T17:17:29Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Ad Petri Cathedram]] ad [[Ad Petri cathedram]]: no cap 3962685 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ad Petri cathedram]] glxd4zvcqxcozquyjo1oyk3ql1z85xn 0 325335 3962693 2026-05-30T17:28:17Z Bartholomite 116968 Bartholomite movit paginam [[Deus Caritas Est]] ad [[Deus caritas est]]: no cap 3962693 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Deus caritas est]] ew69vu49p1swsh4e80xuy8yzs0r5xfx 0 325336 3962706 2026-05-30T18:46:54Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Andrew Dalby movit paginam [[Iohannes Xiphilinus]] ad [[Ioannes Xiphilinus]]: orthographia normalis 3962706 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Xiphilinus]] 2v0ifow3o94v0626c13yy1kx74b2pci 0 325337 3962709 2026-05-30T19:13:44Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Xiphilinus]] 3962709 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Xiphilinus]] 2v0ifow3o94v0626c13yy1kx74b2pci 1 325338 3962723 2026-05-31T01:48:12Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Capsa disputationis de pagina mensis|Capsa disputationis de pagina mensis]]}} 3962723 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa disputationis de pagina mensis|2026|06}} mfre1gnqerzywga5epbkc5bw60t6oh6 10 325339 3962724 2026-05-31T01:51:00Z Grufo 64423 Pagina “[[Proelium Castelli Sumter]]” facta est pagina mensis Iunii 2026 3962724 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bombardment of Fort Sumter, 1861.png|125px|right]] '''[[Proelium Castelli Sumter]]''' ([[12 Aprilis|12]]–[[13 Aprilis]] [[1861]]) fuit verberatio deditioque [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] in sinu ante [[Carolopolis (Carolina Meridionalis)|Carolopolitem]] [[Carolina Meridionalis|Carolinae Meridionalis]] siti, proelium quod [[Bellum Civile Americanum]] coepit. Carolina Meridionalis [[secessio]]nem ex [[Unio (CFA)|Unione]] brevi post victoriam [[Abraham Lincoln|Abrahami Lincoln]] in [[Comitia praesidentialia Civitatum Foederatarum anni 1860|Comitiis presidentialibus Civitatus Foederatarum anni 1860]] declaravit, et ante mensem Februarium [[1861]], sex plures civitates Meridionales declarationes similes fecerant. Die [[7 Februarii]], hae septem civitates scriptam pro [[Civitates Confoederatae Americae|Civitatibus Confoederatis Americae]] constitutionem ad tempus sanxerunt et eius caput [[Mons Gomerici (Alabama)|Montis Gomerici]] [[Alabama]]e instituerunt. Conventus Pacis anni 1861 ut discrimen dissolveretur [[Vasintonia]]e convenit, sed negotium male gessit. [[Iacobus Buchanan|Praeses Buchanan]], legationem dimittens, mollestias in Carolina Meridionali recusavit, sed responsum militarem non fecit, quamquam auxilium [[Castellum Sumter|Castelli Sumter]] ex navi ''[[Stella Occidentis]]'' ([[Anglice]]: ''Star of the West'') suppeditare conatus est, quae [[navis]], a copiis Carolinae Meridionalis verberata, antequam ad [[castellum]] advenire potuerat reverta est (McPherson 1988:234–266). Die [[4 Martii]] [[1861]], Lincoln inauguratus est [[Praeses Civitatum Foederatarum Americae|praeses]]. In oratione aditiali, arguit propositum Constitutionis Civitatum Foederatarum fuisse “ut perfectiorem unionem formaretur” quam unio ab Articulis Confoederationis instituta, quae plane fuit perpetua; ergo Constitutio quoque necesse fuit perpetua. Rogavit num Constitutio, si pactum esset simplex, postularet omnes partes concinere ea rescindi, et pronuntiavit quaelibet [[secessio]]nis edicta “legitime inrita.” Etiam dixit se in animo non habere civitates Meridianas invadere, nec in animo habere [[servitus|servitutem]] finire in civitatibus ubi iam erat [[lex|legitima]], sed se viribus uti ad tenendam proprietatem foederalem perpetuo. Peroratio [[homo|homines]] imploravit ut vincula Unionis redintegrarentur '''[[Proelium Castelli Sumter|…]]''' 92my0jxf3u1s795vkxbym7r6juc8sqm 2 325340 3962730 2026-05-31T03:17:22Z Amansrisus 210245 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{#babel:Italy|it|la-2}} Latinam linguam multum disco. Mox fluens esse volo.' 3962730 wikitext text/x-wiki {{#babel:Italy|it|la-2}} Latinam linguam multum disco. Mox fluens esse volo. 7e6lyg0rpohs5ekh3dymp1awb7yizlb 0 325341 3962731 2026-05-31T03:31:44Z Amansrisus 210245 Created by translating the page "[[:en:Special:Redirect/revision/1351132850|OpenStreetMap Foundation]]" 3962731 wikitext text/x-wiki   '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata OSMF) est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. Historia Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} == Referentiae == {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] gqb79e096f1q66cc4065v2yqlqbbxt6 3962732 3962731 2026-05-31T03:32:48Z Amansrisus 210245 3962732 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata OSMF) est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. ==Historia== Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} == Referentiae == {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] 081fmeigzizetbhxxe1hggwo1pywzjv 3962733 3962732 2026-05-31T03:33:31Z Amansrisus 210245 /* Referentiae */ 3962733 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata OSMF) est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. ==Historia== Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] api6nap9jstiteh4rbcx2v3msvsd13s 3962734 3962733 2026-05-31T03:34:07Z Amansrisus 210245 3962734 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Fundatio OpenStreetMap''' (abbreviata '''OSMF''') est [[organizatio]] non lucrativa cuius propositum est progressionem notitiarum geospatialium libere iterum adhibendarum sustinere et permittere. Anno [[2006]] condita, arcte cum incepto OpenStreetMap coniungitur, quamquam eius constitutio non impedit quominus alia incepta sustineat. ==Historia== Fundatio OpenStreetMap in [[Anglia]] et [[Cambria]] die 22 mensis Augusti anni 2006 ut societas cautione limitata registrata est. Anno 2007, primam conferentiam de Statu Tabulae Geographicae [[Mancunium|Mancunii]] habuit. Mense Octobri anni 2009, fundatio nuntiavit socios suos, non omnes contributores OpenStreetMap, suffragaturos esse de mutanda licentia datorum OpenStreetMap ex Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike ad Open Database License.<ref name="Bégin">{{Cite journal|title=Contributors' enrollment in collaborative online communities: the case of OpenStreetMap|first1=Daniel|last1=Bégin|first2=Rodolphe|last2=Devillers|first3=Stéphane|last3=Roche|journal=[[International Journal of Geographical Information Science]]|publisher=Taylor & Francis|volume=32|issue=8|date=2018|pages=1611–1630|doi=10.1080/10095020.2017.1370177}}</ref> Anno 2014, fundatio sodales societatum in categoria "socii consociati" (sine suffragio) accipere coepit. Sodales societatum initiales fuerunt Geofabrik, Geotab, Naver, NextGIS, et Mapbox.<ref>https://blog.openstreetmap.org/2014/07/20/welcome-corporate-members/</ref><ref>https://nextgis.com/blog/osm-foundation/</ref> Anno 2017, fundatio sponsoribus societatum cuiusdam gradus locum in consilio consultorio dare coepit.<ref>https://venturebeat.com/ai/openstreetmap-invites-companies-to-pay-up-to-20000-a-year-to-support-the-wikipedia-for-maps</ref> Anno 2018, GlobalLogic in conatu coordinato ad operarios ut sodales individuales inscribendos implicata est.{{Citatio desiderata}} Programma sodalitatis contribuentium activorum mense Augusto anni 2020 introductum est. Secundum hoc, contributores activi OpenStreetMap per editionem (saltem 42 dies activos in ultimo periodo unius anni) vel actiones extra interrete sodalitatem gratuitam petere possunt. Ius suffragii habebunt ad sodales consilii eligendos.{{Citatio desiderata}} Iunio mense anni 2021, fundatio declaravit effectus Brexit se impulisse ut reditum in Unionem Europaeam considerarent propter problemata cum iuribus datorum, difficultates in statu caritatis pro fundatione obtinendo, et crescente difficultate utendi PayPal et argentaria in Regno Unito. Fundatio locum novae sedis suae nondum nuntiavit. Mense Februario anni 2024, candidati ad migrationem sunt [[Belgica]] et [[Luxemburgum]].<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2021/jun/30/openstreetmap-looks-to-relocate-to-eu-due-to-brexit-limitations</ref> Ante finem anni 2022, fundatio 18 sodalitates locales toto orbe terrarum, inter quas OSM Austria, agnoverat, incrementum regionale et participationem communitatis adiuvans.{{Citatio desiderata}} {{Notae|30em}} [[Categoria:OpenStreetMap]] 47g7h5uc4bb2q3bjkienuam9y0law9v 4 325342 3962736 2026-05-31T03:51:54Z Amansrisus 210245 Paginam instituit, scribens '<div style="margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef; font-size:14pt;"> Linguae: '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis|Salve!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/en|Welcome!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/de|Willkommen!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/es|¡Bienvenidos!]]''' - '''Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ru|Добро пожаловать...' 3962736 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef; font-size:14pt;"> Linguae: '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis|Salve!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/en|Welcome!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/de|Willkommen!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/es|¡Bienvenidos!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ru|Добро пожаловать!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/no|Velkommen!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ro|Bun venit!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/tl|Maligayang pagdating!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/it|Benvenuti!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ca|Benvinguts!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/sv|Välkommen!]]''' - '''...''' </div> <br /> ==Saitis i padūmi jaunim lītuotuojim== # [[Vicipaedia:Index]] # [[Vicipaedia:Legatio nostra]] - myusu vēstnīceiba. # [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] - Tī uzdūdit sovus vaicuojumus. # Registrejīs i pīsateik, navys rediģej kai anonims lītuotuojs. # Sovus īguļdejumus sarunu lopuos paraksti ar 4 tildem (pīmārs: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). # [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]] # Nalītoj burtus J i j. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Izasorgojit nu taidu ligaturu lītuošonys kai Æ i æ voi Œ i œ. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Izmontojit arabu skaitļus godu gaitā, navys rūmīšu skaitļus. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Skaiti kategorejis [[:Categoria:Omnia]]. # Rokstus kategorejuos ar <tt><nowiki>[[Categoria:xxxxx]]</nowiki></tt>. Rokstam var byut vairuok nakai vīna kategoreja. # Izmontojit <tt><nowiki>{{delenda}}</nowiki></tt>, ja dūmojat, ka roksts byutu juoizdzēš administratoram. # Izmontojit <tt><nowiki>{{maxcorrigenda}}</nowiki></tt>, ka gribit kaidu korekturu sovam īguļdejumam. # Cytus lītuotuojus meklej [[:Categoria:Usores lingua digesti]]. # [[Usor:Iustinus/Translator's Guide]] # [[Vicipaedia:Glossarium]] # [[Vicipaedia:Lexica Latina interretialia]] # [[Lexica Neolatina]] # [[:Categoria:Fontes Vicipaediae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Fontes nominum locorum]] # Pīvīnojit (īkšejūs) saitis iz rokstim, kas ir [[Specialis:Deadendpages]]. # Vairuok izaicynuojums: Saite nu cytom lopom iz [[Specialis:Lonelypages]] (varbyut izmontojūt sadaļu <tt><nowiki>==Vide etiam==</nowiki></tt> tī) # Apmeklej [[Vicipaedia:Tituli petiti]], ka naasi puorlīcynuots, kai nūsaukt jaunu rokstu. # [[Vicipaedia:Index formularum Vicipaediae Latinae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Nexus intervici]] i [[Formula:Nexus desiderati]] # [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Numeri Romani]] # [[Vicipaedia:Categoriae et paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:FAQ]] # [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio]] # [[Vicipaedia:A est B]] # [[:Categoria:Paginae desideratae]] [[Categoria:Vicipaedia]] [[Categoria:Subpaginae translatoriae]] r33tszvyeo4rw9xh3eektv8r7fakd48 3962782 3962736 2026-05-31T11:50:19Z IacobusAmor 1163 3962782 wikitext text/x-wiki <div style="margin: 0 0em; border: 1px dashed blue; padding: 3px; text-align: center; background: #eef; font-size:14pt;"> Linguae: '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis|Salve!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/en|Welcome!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/de|Willkommen!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/es|¡Bienvenidos!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ru|Добро пожаловать!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/no|Velkommen!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ro|Bun venit!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/tl|Maligayang pagdating!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/it|Benvenuti!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/ca|Benvinguts!]]''' - '''[[Vicipaedia:Ops nexusque usoribus novis/sv|Välkommen!]]''' - '''...''' </div> <br /> ==Saitis i padūmi jaunim lītuotuojim== # [[Vicipaedia:Index]] # [[Vicipaedia:Legatio nostra]] - myusu vēstnīceiba. # [[Vicipaedia:Taberna]] - Tī uzdūdit sovus vaicuojumus. # Registrejīs i pīsateik, navys rediģej kai anonims lītuotuojs. # Sovus īguļdejumus sarunu lopuos paraksti ar 4 tildem (pīmārs: <nowiki>~~~~</nowiki>). # [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]] # Nalītoj burtus J i j. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Izasorgojit nu taidu ligaturu lītuošonys kai Æ i æ voi Œ i œ. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Izmontojit arabu skaitļus godu gaitā, navys rūmīšu skaitļus. (Redzi [[Vicipaedia:Auxilium pro editione (latine)]].) # Skaiti kategorejis [[:Categoria:Omnia]]. # Rokstus kategorejuos ar <tt><nowiki>[[Categoria:xxxxx]]</nowiki></tt>. Rokstam var byut vairuok nakai vīna kategoreja. # Izmontojit <tt><nowiki>{{delenda}}</nowiki></tt>, ja dūmojat, ka roksts byutu juoizdzēš administratoram. # Izmontojit <tt><nowiki>{{maxcorrigenda}}</nowiki></tt>, ka gribit kaidu korekturu sovam īguļdejumam. # Cytus lītuotuojus meklej [[:Categoria:Usores lingua digesti]]. # [[Usor:Iustinus/Translator's Guide]] # [[Vicipaedia:Glossarium]] # [[Vicipaedia:Lexica Latina interretialia]] # [[Lexica Neolatina]] # [[:Categoria:Fontes Vicipaediae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Fontes nominum locorum]] # Pīvīnojit (īkšejūs) saitis iz rokstim, kas ir [[Specialis:Deadendpages]]. # Vairuok izaicynuojums: Saite nu cytom lopom iz [[Specialis:Lonelypages]] (varbyut izmontojūt sadaļu <tt><nowiki>==Vide etiam==</nowiki></tt> tī) # Apmeklej [[Vicipaedia:Tituli petiti]], ka naasi puorlīcynuots, kai nūsaukt jaunu rokstu. # [[Vicipaedia:Index formularum Vicipaediae Latinae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Nexus intervici]] i [[Formula:Nexus desiderati]] # [[Vicipaedia:Structura paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:Numeri Romani]] # [[Vicipaedia:Categoriae et paginae]] # [[Vicipaedia:FAQ]] # [[Vicipaedia:Praefatio]] # [[Vicipaedia:A est B]] # [[:Categoria:Paginae desideratae]] [[Categoria:Subpaginae translatoriae]] [[Categoria:Vicipaedia]] end3tp76zdpfc8dsym614et60hyofnl 1 325343 3962748 2026-05-31T06:52:32Z ~2026-32183-52 210247 /* Allec fabarum concisarum */ nova pars 3962748 wikitext text/x-wiki == Allec fabarum concisarum == Allec est solidum quamquam liquamen est liquidum. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&#126;2026-32183-52|&#126;2026-32183-52]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&#126;2026-32183-52|talk]]) 06:52, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) j43jmdoz0elv5pcyjb8pg82wcebjye4 3962749 3962748 2026-05-31T06:53:07Z ~2026-32183-52 210247 /* Allec fabarum concisarum */ 3962749 wikitext text/x-wiki == Retitulatur: Allec fabarum concisarum == Allec est solidum quamquam liquamen est liquidum. --[[Specialis:Conlationes/&#126;2026-32183-52|&#126;2026-32183-52]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:&#126;2026-32183-52|talk]]) 06:52, 31 Maii 2026 (UTC) keftv9far8wve0holhzwdp6zbb6aukm 0 325344 3962756 2026-05-31T08:28:21Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 , 3962756 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Femininum et masculinum|origo=Graeca|significatio="quae/qui mergit"|imago=Francesco laurana, ritratto di battista sforza, 1515-20 ca.jpg|capitulum=Protome marmorea [[Baptista Sfortia|Baptistae Sfortiae]] nobilis mulieris Italicae, Florentiae sita|dies=24 Iunii seu 29 Augusti}} '''''Baptista''''' est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum, seu raro etiam femininum,<ref>Vide imaginem nostram.</ref> quod e verbo [[Graeco]] ''báptō'' (βάπτω, "ego mergo") originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/baptiste "Baptiste"]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Saepe cum nomine Hebraico ''[[Ioannes (nomen)|Ioanne]]'' praenomen ''[[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)|Ioannem Baptistam]]'' componit in honorem [[Sanctus Ioannes Baptista|sancti Ioannis Baptistae]].<ref name=":0" /> == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == *[[Leo Baptista Albertus]] *[[Antonius Baptista Fragoso]] *[[Petrus Baptista Pizzaballa]] == Quae vel qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Baptista Mantuanus]] * {{Creanda|it|Battista Negrone|Baptista Nigronus}}, dux Genuae * {{Creanda|it|Battista Sforza|Baptista Sfortia}} == Tamquam cognomen == * [[Iulius Baptista]] == In operibus artificiosis == [[Baptista (persona ficta)|Baptista]] (Italice ''Battista'') est persona ficta, pincerna [[Scrugulus Anas|Scruguli Anatis]], in serie librorum nubeculatorum a societate [[The Walt Disney Company]] creata. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina composita]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina et masculina]] 6x0in6vqsn6psku5li6f1q8w8o1zuhf 3962759 3962756 2026-05-31T08:35:13Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 3962759 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{disnomen}} {{Nomen|genus=Femininum et masculinum|origo=Graeca|significatio="quae/qui mergit"|imago=Francesco laurana, ritratto di battista sforza, 1515-20 ca.jpg|capitulum=Protome marmorea [[Baptista Sfortia|Baptistae Sfortiae]] nobilis mulieris Italicae, Florentiae sita|dies=24 Iunii seu 29 Augusti}} '''''Baptista''''' est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum, seu raro etiam femininum,<ref>Vide imaginem nostram.</ref> quod e verbo [[Graeco]] ''báptō'' (βάπτω, "ego mergo") originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/baptiste "Baptiste"]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Saepe cum nomine Hebraico ''[[Ioannes (nomen)|Ioanne]]'' praenomen ''[[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)|Ioannem Baptistam]]'' componit in honorem [[Sanctus Ioannes Baptista|sancti Ioannis Baptistae]].<ref name=":0" /> == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == *[[Leo Baptista Albertus]] *[[Antonius Baptista Fragoso]] *[[Petrus Baptista Pizzaballa]] == Quae vel qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Baptista Mantuanus]] * {{Creanda|it|Battista Negrone|Baptista Nigronus}}, dux Genuae * {{Creanda|it|Battista Sforza|Baptista Sfortia}} == Tamquam cognomen == * [[Iulius Baptista]] == In operibus artificiosis == [[Baptista (persona ficta)|Baptista]] (Italice ''Battista'') est persona ficta, pincerna [[Scrugulus Anas|Scruguli Anatis]], in serie librorum nubeculatorum a societate [[The Walt Disney Company]] creata. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Cognomina Lusitana]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina et masculina]] od733nc0dn9aob2t2406ctrg7bmp67g 0 325345 3962760 2026-05-31T08:58:28Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 De forma Latina praenominis vide paginam 'Index formarum Latinarum nominum Iaponicorum' 3962760 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoshinobu Minowa]] 6u80az4020ogheaw9af7nhwtft9112z 0 325346 3962761 2026-05-31T08:58:57Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 De forma Latina praenominis vide paginam 'Index formarum Latinarum nominum Iaponicorum' 3962761 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Yoshinobu Ishii]] fzhm899mssxmul7fbk730qhymkz6wh8 0 325347 3962764 2026-05-31T09:36:04Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Samuraeus]] 3962764 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Samuraeus]] jrafrdyvikggmnwg8x4l6lhc3zc0atg 0 325348 3962765 2026-05-31T09:47:46Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Fridericus Melvin Wheelock]] 3962765 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Fridericus Melvin Wheelock]] 5jmgkey2x3gysya5s6reqodvlx46d28 0 325349 3962766 2026-05-31T09:48:06Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Melvin Eugenius Carnahan]] 3962766 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Melvin Eugenius Carnahan]] hxexwhpxcipcnd5ixrjcgwgv6igre4w 0 325350 3962768 2026-05-31T09:51:02Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 , 3962768 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Disnomen}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Scotica | significatio = fortasse “malum oppidum” | imago = Melvyn Douglas in the 1930s - press photograph.jpg | capitulum = [[Melvinus Douglas]], actor Americanus }} '''''Melvinus''''',<ref>"Melvinus-Franklin Arey, Mr."; ''Catalogus Collegii Bowdoinensis'' (Brunsvici 1873): 45 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Catalogus_Collegii_Bowdoinensis/f1rRZzwIKNYC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Melvinus&pg=PA45&printsec=frontcover]. </ref> vulgo ''Melvin'' seu ''Melvyn'', est [[cognomen]], nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Anglicum]], [[Scotia|Scotica]] origine, ut videtur variatio cognominis ''[[Melville]]''<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/melvin “Melvin”]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> (quod e [[Toponymum|toponymo]] [[Normannice|Normannico]] ''Malleville'', 'oppidum malum', ductum est).<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. [https://www.behindthename.com/name/melville “Melville”]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Qui hoc cognomen habuerint == * {{Creanda|en|Leland Melvin}} == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Fridericus Melvinus Wheelock]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Melvinus Brooks]] * [[Melvinus Calvin]] * [[Melvinus Eugenius Carnahan]] * {{Creanda|en|Melvyn Douglas|Melvinus Douglas}} * [[Melvin Schwartz]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Cognomina]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] i2wwjg77pz6i3lbwwz9rh3wys5sfqqo 0 325351 3962770 2026-05-31T10:28:42Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)]] 3962770 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] ch3lzjd88sdy65esbhwvi5m7cj39i4k 0 325352 3962771 2026-05-31T10:28:56Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)]] 3962771 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Baptista (nomen)]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] ch3lzjd88sdy65esbhwvi5m7cj39i4k 0 325353 3962772 2026-05-31T10:29:31Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Carolus]] 3962772 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Carolus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] ms6v4wy08bdtjolpga3fesj2enar7c8 0 325354 3962773 2026-05-31T10:29:55Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Lucas (nomen)]] 3962773 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Lucas (nomen)]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] 7he8ipf659bx2vx5vd5kpqp7ys33waw 0 325355 3962774 2026-05-31T10:30:19Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Ludovicus]] 3962774 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Ludovicus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] 6yqplbflczprea1j78zc3ci83dfqyz0 0 325356 3962775 2026-05-31T10:30:50Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Paulus]] 3962775 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Paulus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] afk4n3v6rk54o7n6jnljpa8i2kd01q8 0 325357 3962776 2026-05-31T10:31:11Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Paulus]] 3962776 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Paulus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] afk4n3v6rk54o7n6jnljpa8i2kd01q8 0 325358 3962777 2026-05-31T10:31:28Z ~2026-31764-18 210162 Redirigens ad [[Ioannes Petrus]] 3962777 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Ioannes Petrus]] [[Categoria:Nominum redirectiones]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] 4bdzb26ksiozq3gb7qwigd0f55k528c