Vicipaedia lawiki https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vicipaedia:Pagina_prima MediaWiki 1.47.0-wmf.12 first-letter Media Specialis Disputatio Usor Disputatio Usoris Vicipaedia Disputatio Vicipaediae Fasciculus Disputatio Fasciculi MediaWiki Disputatio MediaWiki Formula Disputatio Formulae Auxilium Disputatio Auxilii Categoria Disputatio Categoriae Porta Disputatio Portae Adumbratio Disputatio Adumbrationis TimedText TimedText talk Modulus Disputatio Moduli Event Event talk 0 3713 3974266 3960654 2026-07-24T19:45:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3974266 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Latinitas|-2}} {{videdis|Columbus}} {{res|Christophorus Columbus}} [[Liguria|Ligur]]<ref>"Christophorus Columbus": sic fontes Latini plurimi. "Christophorus quidam Colonus vir ligur": [[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[Opus epistolarum (Peter Martyr)|Opus epistolarum]]'' lib. 6 no. 131 ([https://archive.org/details/opusepistolarump00angh/page/n91/mode/2up editionis 1530 f. 31v])</ref> (natus ut videtur [[Genua]]e inter [[dies]] [[25 Augusti]] et [[31 Octobris]] [[1451]]; mortuus [[Valdoletum|Valdoleti]] [[20 Maii]] [[1506]]) fuit [[explorator]] et [[navigatio|navigator]] [[Italia|Italicus]], qui quattuor [[navigatio]]nes trans [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceanum Atlanticum]] complevit. Eius expeditiones, a [[Reges Catholici Hispaniae|Regibus Catholicis]] [[Hispania]]e, [[Ferdinandus II (rex Aragoniae)|Ferdinando II rege Aragoniae]] et [[Isabella I (regina Castellae)|Isabella I regina Castellae]], mandatae, prima fuerunt congressio [[Europa]]ea cum [[homo|hominibus]] [[Mare Caribicum|Maris Caribici]], [[America Media|Americae Mediae]], et [[America Australis|Americae Australis]]. Quae vicissim explorationem et [[colonizatio Europaea Americarum|colonizationem Europaeam Americarum]] coepit. [[Fasciculus:Cristofano dell' Altissimo - Portrait of Christopher Columbus - WGA00244.jpg|thumb|"Cristo:us Colombo" e [[Series Ioviana|serie Ioviana]] iussu [[Cosimus I Medices|Cosimi Medicis]] a [[Christophorus de Altissimis|Christophoro de Altissimis]] depicta ([[Porticus Officiorum]] [[Florentia]]e)]] ==Expeditiones== A certa [[epistola]] [[Paulus dal Pozzo Toscanelli|Pauli Toscanelli]] anni [[1474]] Columbo persuasum est, ut [[iter]] [[mare|marinum]] occidentale ad [[India]]m brevius esset; ''Imago mundi'', [[Petrus de Alliarco|Petri de Alliarco]] liber, quem Columbus in epistola ad Ferdinandum et Isabellam citat, item [[diametrum]] [[Tellus|Telluris]] haude recte aestimat, et hanc viam brevissimam monet. [[Ioannes II (rex Lusitaniae)|Ioannem II]] [[Lusitania]]e regem Columbus primum ad expeditionem talem [[navis|naves]] dare rogaverat, sed nihil obtinuit. Etiam Ferdinandus et Isabella diu dubitabant, et solum auxilio [[Martínus Pinzón|Martíni Pinzón]] Columbus naves expedivit. Quattuor expeditiones ad "Indiam" Columbus duxit: * primam a [[3 Augusti]] [[1492]] ad [[15 Martii]] [[1493]]; * secundam a [[25 Septembris]] [[1493]] ad [[11 Iunii]] [[1496]]; * tertiam a [[30 Maii]] [[1498]] ad [[25 Novembris]] [[1500]]; * quartam a [[9 Maii]] [[1502]] ad [[7 Novembris]] [[1504]]. Tres [[navis|naves]] in prima navigatione Columbus habuit: ''[[caracca]]m'' [[Sancta Maria (Columbi navis)|''Sanctam Mariam'']], quam ipse ducebat; et duas ''[[carabella]]s'': [[Pinta (Columbi navis)|''Pintam'']], navem Martini Pinzon; quam Pinzon et regebat, et [[Niña (Columbi navis|''Niñam'']], quam [[Vincentius Pinzón]], Martini frater, duxit. E ''Palos de la Frontera'' portu Hispanico [[3 Augusti]] [[1492]] Columbus et fratres Pinzon profecti sunt, et Septembri mense [[mare Sargassum]] invenerunt; die [[12 Octobris]] terram viderunt, et die [[13 Octobris]] ad [[insula]]m appulerunt, quam Columbus ''Sanctum Salvatorem'' nuncupavit (indigenae, ut Columbus ait, eam ''Guanahani'' appellabant; incertum est, fueritne haec insula [[Sanctus Salvator (Bahamae)|Sanctus Salvator]] Bahamensis hodiernus vel insula alia). Die [[28 Octobris]] ad [[Cuba]]m appulerunt, quam ''Ioannam'' (nomine [[Ioanna (regina Castellae et Legionis)|filiae Ferdinandi et Isabellae]]) Columbus nominabat, et die [[12 Decembris]] ad [[Hispaniola]]m reverterunt. [[Fasciculus:ColombusNotesToMarcoPolo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Marcus Paulus Venetus|Marci Pauli de Venetiis]] ''[[De consuetudinibus et conditionibus Orientalium regionum]]'' (c. 1484). Exemplar manu Christophori Columbi annotatum, a filio [[Ferdinandus Columbus|Ferdinando]] servatum, hodie in [[bibliotheca Columbina]] ostentatum]] ==In litteris== Filius eius natu minor e [[Beatrix Enríquez de Arana|Beatrice Enríquez de Arana]] genitus, nomine [[Ferdinandus Columbus|Ferdinandus]], bibliophilus, vitam patris scripsit. Quae vita post mortem auctoris ab [[Alphonsus Ulloa|Alphonso Ulloa]] Italiane versa anno [[1571]] titulo ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' edita est. Quattuor [[poesis epica|carmina epica]] Latina de Columbo nota sunt: * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Laurentius Gambara|Laurentii Gambarae|fr|qid=Q16573531}} ''De navigatione Christophori Columbi libri quattuor'' (1581) * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulius Caesar Stella|Iulii Caesaris Stellae|it|qid=Q106784883}} ''Columbeis'' (1585) * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Vincentius Placcius|Vincentii Placcii|de|qid=Q7932005}} ''Atlantis retecta'' (1659) * [[Ubertinus Carrara|Ubertini Carrarae]] ''Columbus'' (1715) =="Permutatio Columbiana"== Transmissio [[domitus|animalium domesticatorum]] [[fruges|frugumque]] et aliorum [[biota|biotorum]], tam utilium quam nefastorum, ad [[America]]m ab [[Eurasia]] et [[Africa]] atque in has [[continens|continentes]] ab America (quae permutatio ab exploratione Columbi coepit) "[[permutatio Columbiana]]" appellari licet. == Notae == <references /> [[Fasciculus:Ridolfo Ghirlandaio Columbus.jpg|thumb|Christophorus Columbus. Opus [[Ridolphus Ghirlandaio|Ridolphi Ghirlandaio]]]] == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1493 : {{ec|id=Columbi ephemeris (1493)|c=Christophorus Columbus, [[Ephemeris primae navigationis (Columbus)|Ephemeris primae navigationis]] a [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartholomaeo Casao]] rescripta [https://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000048660 de manuscripto]; [https://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000048660&page=1 series imaginum]; in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/152/mode/2up pp. 153-313]; [https://elhistoriador.com.ar/diario-de-a-bordo-de-cristobal-colon/ textus interretialis]; [https://ems.kcl.ac.uk/content/etext/e019.html alius]}} * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis|Epistola Hispanice scripta]]. Barcelona: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica: ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' [Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893] {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, "''[[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]]''": versio Latina eodem anno plurimis editionibus divulgata; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/4723066 editio Basiliensis]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/02005687/ alia]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/46031077/ editio Romana] (vide Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966) * 1493-1503 : {{ec|id=Columbi liber copiarum (1493-1503)|c=Christophorus Columbus, Epistulae ineditae in Antonio Rumeu de Armas, ed., ''Libro copiador de Cristóbal Colón: correspondencia inédita con los Reyes Católicos sobre los viajes a América'' (Matriti, 1989) [[:es:Libro copiador de Colón#Enlaces externos|Editiones interretiales]]}} * 1493-1505 : {{ec|id=Columbi epistulae (1493-1505)|c=Christophorus Columbus, Epistulae de navigationibus in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/details/coleccindelosv01nava Textus]}} * 1493-1494 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530 a)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[Opus epistolarum (Peter Martyr)|Opus epistolarum]] P. M. Anglerii Mediolanensis protonotarii apostolici atque a consiliis rerum Indicarum'' ff. 31v, 34v; [https://archive.org/details/opusepistolarump00angh Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_QB0VAAAAQAAJ editio 1670]}} * 1493-1526 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530 b)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[De orbe novo decades]]'' [https://archive.org/details/deorbenouopetrim00angh Editio 1530] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1494 : {{ec|id=Chanca (1494)|c=[[Didacus Álvarez Chanca]], Epistula de secunda navigatione Christophori Columbi, in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/346/mode/2up pp. 347-372] [https://web.archive.org/web/20030211065008/http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/churchmews/1216/Chanca.html recensio interretialis]}} * 1495 : [[Michael de Cuneo]], "De novitatibus insularum Oceani Hesperii repertarum a don Christoforo Columbo Genuensi" (Guglielmo Berchet, ed., ''Narrazioni sincrone'' [''Raccolta di Documenti e studi della R. Commissione Colombiana'' 2 iii. Romae, 1893] {{Google Books|bElEAQAAMAAJ|pp. 95-107}}) (p. 100: "Ne le dicte isole sono ancora costi como rosa, chi fano il fructo longo como caniglie, piene d'una graneta mordente como il pepe: li dictiCamballi et Indiani lo mangiano como nuy le pome") * 1507 : {{ec|id=Montalboddo (1507)|c=[[Francanus Montalbodus|Fracanzano Montalboddo]], ed., ''Paesi novamente retrovati et nouo mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino'' {{Ling|Italice}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58988n Textus 1507 apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/paesinouamentere00frac Editio 1508 rursus impressa 1916] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1516 : {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Augustinus Iustiniani||it|qid=Q3606765}}, ed., ''Psalterium Hebraeum, Graecum, Arabicum, et Chaldaeum, cum tribus Latinis interpretationibus et glossis'' sive ''Octaplus psalterii'': in psalmum XIX adnotatio de vita Christophori Columbi [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_N7Gk1tKBXn8C#page/n54/mode/1up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= [[Alphonsus Ulloa]], interpr.; [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' [https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} ; Editiones fontium * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (Latine cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulus Latinus: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) * ''Raccolta di documenti e studi pubblicati dalla R. Commissione Colombiana pel quarto centenario dalla scoperta dell'America''. 11 voll. Romae, 1892-1893 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/biblioteca/Raccolta%20di%20documenti%20e%20studi%20pubblicati%20dalla%20R.%20Commissione%20Colombiana%20pel%20quarto%20centenario%20dalla%20scoperta%20dell%27America%20%20%20%20%20/qls/bdh0000004987 Textus] * Duquesa de Berwick y de Alba, ''Autógrafos de Cristóbal Colón''. Matriti, 1892 [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/nd/ark:/59851/bmc1c1v6 Textus] apud ''Cervantes Virtual'' * Duquesa de Berwick y de Alba, ''Nuevos autógrafos de Cristóbal Colón y relaciones de ultramar''. Matriti, 1902 [https://archive.org/details/nuevosautgrafos00colugoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; vide et ''[https://archive.org/details/nuevosdocument00gestrich Nuevos documentos Colombinos]'' * Edmond Buron, ''Ymago Mundi de Pierre d'Ailly, cardinal de Cambrai et chancelier de l'Université de Paris (1350-1420): texte latin et traduction française des quatre traités cosmographiques de d'Ailly et des notes marginales de Christophe Colomb; étude sur les sources de l'auteur''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve, 1930 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6572456q vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97636643 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9769209c vol. 3] apud Gallica * Juan Gil, Consuelo Varela, ''Cartas de particulares a Colón y relaciones coetáneas'' (Matriti, 1984) pp. 235-236 * Cecil Jane, ed., ''Select Documents Illustrating the Four Voyages of Columbus''. 2 voll. Londinii, 1930–1933 * R. H. Major, interpr., ''Select Letters of Christopher Columbus, with Other Original Documents Relating to his Four Voyages to the New World.'' Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1847; {{Google Books|2wZDAAAAcAAJ}}; 2a ed., 1870 [https://archive.org/details/selectlettersofc00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Samuel Eliot Morison, interpr., ''Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus''. Novi Eboraci, 1963 [https://archive.org/details/journalsdocumentscolumbus Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Benjamin F. Stevens, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: his own book of privileges.'' Londinii, 1893; [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * John Boyd Thacher, ''Christopher Columbus: his life, his work, his remains''. 3 voll. Novi Eboraci, 1903–1904 [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum11thac 1] [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum02thacuoft 2] [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum03thacuoft 3] * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio, sine epistulis "novis", 1982) ; De vita * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in ''Portuguese Studies'' vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 * [[Samuel Eliot Morison]], ''Admiral of the Ocean Sea: a life of Christopher Columbus''. 2 voll. Bostoniae: Little, Brown, 1942; exemplaria mutuabilia: [https://archive.org/details/admiralofoceanse0001samu_o7b2 vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/admiralofoceanse0002samu vol. 2] * Kirkpatrick Sale, ''The conquest of paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian legacy''. Novi Eboraci: Knopf, 1990; [https://archive.org/details/conquestofparadi00sale Exemplar mutuabile] * Henry Vignaud, ''Études critiques sur la vie de Colomb avant ses découvertes''. Lutetiae: H. Welter, 1905; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65415862 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' ; De cogitationibus scriptisque * Juan Luis de León Azcárate, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110917070447/http://www.religionycultura.org/2007/241-242/RyC241-242_3.pdf El «Libro de las profecías» (1504) de Cristóbal Colón: la Biblia y el descubrimiento de América]" in ''Religión y cultura'' vol. 53 (2007) pp. 361-406 * Valerie I. J. Flint, ''The imaginative landscape of Christopher Columbus''. Princetoniae, 1992 * David Henige, "Finding Columbus: implications of a newly-discovered text" in Cecil H. Clough, P. E. H. Hair, edd., ''The European Outthrust and Encounter: The First Phase c.1400-c.1700: essays in tribute to David Beers Quinn'' (Liverpolii: Liverpool University Press, 1994) pp. 141-166 {{Google Books|Dg-8ZOeBqcYC|paginae selectae}} * David Henige, ''In Search of Columbus: the sources for the first voyage.'' Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991 * Pauline Moffitt Watts, "Prophecy and Discovery: on the spiritual origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indies'" in ''American Historical Review'' vol. 90 (1985) pp. 73-102 * Margarita Zamora, ''Reading Columbus''. Berkeleiae, 1993 ;Aliae encyclopaediae * {{Hofmannus}} s.vv. [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0931a.html "Columbus"] et [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0848b.html "Christophorus Columbus"] {{NexInt}} * [[Conquisitatores Hispani]] * [[Ovum Colombinum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Christopher Columbus|Christophorum Columbum}} {{Vicifons|Christopher Columbus|Christophorum Columbum}} {{fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180913154931/http://www.icolombina.es/colombina/ Institutio et bibliotheca Columbina] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem * "[https://www.cristoforocolombo.com/cristoforo-colombo/articoli-storici/lettera-ai-protettori-del-banco-di-san-giorgio-in-genova-siviglia-2-aprile-1502/ Lettera ai protettori del Banco di San Giorgio in Genova]" (1502) {{Lifetime|1451|1506|Columbus, Christophorus}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus|!]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Americae Mediae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Italici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Monarchia Regum Catholicorum]] k041g24sxn97keo6s38xo3xxygufcjz 3974285 3974266 2026-07-24T20:43:50Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3974285 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{Latinitas|-2}} {{videdis|Columbus}} {{res|Christophorus Columbus}} [[Liguria|Ligur]]<ref>"Christophorus Columbus": sic fontes Latini plurimi. "Christophorus quidam Colonus vir ligur": [[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[Opus epistolarum (Peter Martyr)|Opus epistolarum]]'' lib. 6 no. 131 ([https://archive.org/details/opusepistolarump00angh/page/n91/mode/2up editionis 1530 f. 31v])</ref> (natus ut videtur [[Genua]]e inter [[dies]] [[25 Augusti]] et [[31 Octobris]] [[1451]]; mortuus [[Valdoletum|Valdoleti]] [[20 Maii]] [[1506]]) fuit [[explorator]] et [[navigatio|navigator]] [[Italia|Italicus]], qui quattuor [[navigatio]]nes trans [[Oceanus Atlanticus|Oceanum Atlanticum]] complevit. Eius expeditiones, a [[Reges Catholici Hispaniae|Regibus Catholicis]] [[Hispania]]e, [[Ferdinandus II (rex Aragoniae)|Ferdinando II rege Aragoniae]] et [[Isabella I (regina Castellae)|Isabella I regina Castellae]], mandatae, prima fuerunt congressio [[Europa]]ea cum [[homo|hominibus]] [[Mare Caribicum|Maris Caribici]], [[America Media|Americae Mediae]], et [[America Australis|Americae Australis]]. Quae vicissim explorationem et [[colonizatio Europaea Americarum|colonizationem Europaeam Americarum]] coepit. [[Fasciculus:Cristofano dell' Altissimo - Portrait of Christopher Columbus - WGA00244.jpg|thumb|"Cristo:us Colombo" e [[Series Ioviana|serie Ioviana]] iussu [[Cosimus I Medices|Cosimi Medicis]] a [[Christophorus de Altissimis|Christophoro de Altissimis]] depicta ([[Porticus Officiorum]] [[Florentia]]e)]] ==Expeditiones== A certa [[epistola]] [[Paulus dal Pozzo Toscanelli|Pauli Toscanelli]] anni [[1474]] Columbo persuasum est, ut [[iter]] [[mare|marinum]] occidentale ad [[India]]m brevius esset; ''Imago mundi'', [[Petrus de Alliarco|Petri de Alliarco]] liber, quem Columbus in epistola ad Ferdinandum et Isabellam citat, item [[diametrum]] [[Tellus|Telluris]] haude recte aestimat, et hanc viam brevissimam monet. [[Ioannes II (rex Lusitaniae)|Ioannem II]] [[Lusitania]]e regem Columbus primum ad expeditionem talem [[navis|naves]] dare rogaverat, sed nihil obtinuit. Etiam Ferdinandus et Isabella diu dubitabant, et solum auxilio [[Martínus Pinzón|Martíni Pinzón]] Columbus naves expedivit. Quattuor expeditiones ad "Indiam" Columbus duxit: * primam a [[3 Augusti]] [[1492]] ad [[15 Martii]] [[1493]]; * secundam a [[25 Septembris]] [[1493]] ad [[11 Iunii]] [[1496]]; * tertiam a [[30 Maii]] [[1498]] ad [[25 Novembris]] [[1500]]; * quartam a [[9 Maii]] [[1502]] ad [[7 Novembris]] [[1504]]. Tres [[navis|naves]] in prima navigatione Columbus habuit: ''[[caracca]]m'' [[Sancta Maria (Columbi navis)|''Sanctam Mariam'']], quam ipse ducebat; et duas ''[[carabella]]s'': [[Pinta (Columbi navis)|''Pintam'']], navem Martini Pinzon; quam Pinzon et regebat, et [[Niña (Columbi navis|''Niñam'']], quam [[Vincentius Pinzón]], Martini frater, duxit. E ''Palos de la Frontera'' portu Hispanico [[3 Augusti]] [[1492]] Columbus et fratres Pinzon profecti sunt, et Septembri mense [[mare Sargassum]] invenerunt; die [[12 Octobris]] terram viderunt, et die [[13 Octobris]] ad [[insula]]m appulerunt, quam Columbus ''Sanctum Salvatorem'' nuncupavit (indigenae, ut Columbus ait, eam ''Guanahani'' appellabant; incertum est, fueritne haec insula [[Sanctus Salvator (Bahamae)|Sanctus Salvator]] Bahamensis hodiernus vel insula alia). Die [[28 Octobris]] ad [[Cuba]]m appulerunt, quam ''Ioannam'' (nomine [[Ioanna (regina Castellae et Legionis)|filiae Ferdinandi et Isabellae]]) Columbus nominabat, et die [[12 Decembris]] ad [[Hispaniola]]m reverterunt. [[Fasciculus:ColombusNotesToMarcoPolo.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|[[Marcus Paulus Venetus|Marci Pauli de Venetiis]] ''[[De consuetudinibus et conditionibus Orientalium regionum]]'' (c. 1484). Exemplar manu Christophori Columbi annotatum, a filio [[Ferdinandus Columbus|Ferdinando]] servatum, hodie in [[bibliotheca Columbina]] ostentatum]] ==In litteris== Filius eius natu minor e [[Beatrix Enríquez de Arana|Beatrice Enríquez de Arana]] genitus, nomine [[Ferdinandus Columbus|Ferdinandus]], bibliophilus, vitam patris scripsit. Quae vita post mortem auctoris ab [[Alphonsus Ulloa|Alphonso Ulloa]] Italiane versa anno [[1571]] titulo ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' edita est. Quattuor [[poesis epica|carmina epica]] Latina de Columbo nota sunt: * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Laurentius Gambara|Laurentii Gambarae|fr|qid=Q16573531}} ''De navigatione Christophori Columbi libri quattuor'' (1581) * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Iulius Caesar Stella|Iulii Caesaris Stellae|it|qid=Q106784883}} ''Columbeis'' (1585) * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Vincentius Placcius|Vincentii Placcii|de|qid=Q7932005}} ''Atlantis retecta'' (1659) * [[Ubertinus Carrara|Ubertini Carrarae]] ''Columbus'' (1715) =="Permutatio Columbiana"== Transmissio [[domitus|animalium domesticatorum]] [[fruges|frugumque]] et aliorum [[biota|biotorum]], tam utilium quam nefastorum, ad [[America]]m ab [[Eurasia]] et [[Africa]] atque in has [[continens|continentes]] ab America (quae permutatio ab exploratione Columbi coepit) "[[permutatio Columbiana]]" appellari licet. == Notae == <references /> [[Fasciculus:Ridolfo Ghirlandaio Columbus.jpg|thumb|Christophorus Columbus. Opus [[Ridolphus Ghirlandaio|Ridolphi Ghirlandaio]]]] == Bibliographia == ; Fontes antiquiores * 1493 : {{ec|id=Columbi ephemeris (1493)|c=Christophorus Columbus, [[Ephemeris primae navigationis (Columbus)|Ephemeris primae navigationis]] a [[Bartholomaeus Casaus|Bartholomaeo Casao]] rescripta [https://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/detalle/bdh0000048660 de manuscripto]; [https://bdh-rd.bne.es/viewer.vm?id=0000048660&page=1 series imaginum]; in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/152/mode/2up pp. 153-313]; [https://elhistoriador.com.ar/diario-de-a-bordo-de-cristobal-colon/ textus interretialis]; [https://ems.kcl.ac.uk/content/etext/e019.html alius]}} * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis|Epistola Hispanice scripta]]. Barcinone: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica: ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' [Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893] {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * 1493 : Christophorus Columbus, "''[[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]]''": versio Latina eodem anno plurimis editionibus divulgata; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/4723066 editio Basiliensis]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/02005687/ alia]; [https://www.loc.gov/item/46031077/ editio Romana] (vide Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966) * 1493-1503 : {{ec|id=Columbi liber copiarum (1493-1503)|c=Christophorus Columbus, Epistulae ineditae in Antonio Rumeu de Armas, ed., ''Libro copiador de Cristóbal Colón: correspondencia inédita con los Reyes Católicos sobre los viajes a América'' (Matriti, 1989) [[:es:Libro copiador de Colón#Enlaces externos|Editiones interretiales]]}} * 1493-1505 : {{ec|id=Columbi epistulae (1493-1505)|c=Christophorus Columbus, Epistulae de navigationibus in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/details/coleccindelosv01nava Textus]}} * 1493-1494 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530 a)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[Opus epistolarum (Peter Martyr)|Opus epistolarum]] P. M. Anglerii Mediolanensis protonotarii apostolici atque a consiliis rerum Indicarum'' ff. 31v, 34v; [https://archive.org/details/opusepistolarump00angh Textus]; [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_QB0VAAAAQAAJ editio 1670]}} * 1493-1526 : {{ec|id=Petrus Martyr (1530 b)|c=[[Petrus Martyr ab Angleria]], ''[[De orbe novo decades]]'' [https://archive.org/details/deorbenouopetrim00angh Editio 1530] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1494 : {{ec|id=Chanca (1494)|c=[[Didacus Álvarez Chanca]], Epistula de secunda navigatione Christophori Columbi, in Martin Fernandez de Navarrete, ed., ''Colección de los viages y descubrimientos'' vol. 1 (2a ed. Matriti, 1858) [https://archive.org/stream/coleccindelosv01nava#page/346/mode/2up pp. 347-372] [https://web.archive.org/web/20030211065008/http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/churchmews/1216/Chanca.html recensio interretialis]}} * 1495 : [[Michael de Cuneo]], "De novitatibus insularum Oceani Hesperii repertarum a don Christoforo Columbo Genuensi" (Guglielmo Berchet, ed., ''Narrazioni sincrone'' [''Raccolta di Documenti e studi della R. Commissione Colombiana'' 2 iii. Romae, 1893] {{Google Books|bElEAQAAMAAJ|pp. 95-107}}) (p. 100: "Ne le dicte isole sono ancora costi como rosa, chi fano il fructo longo como caniglie, piene d'una graneta mordente como il pepe: li dictiCamballi et Indiani lo mangiano como nuy le pome") * 1507 : {{ec|id=Montalboddo (1507)|c=[[Francanus Montalbodus|Fracanzano Montalboddo]], ed., ''Paesi novamente retrovati et nouo mondo da Alberico Vesputio Florentino'' {{Ling|Italice}} [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58988n Textus 1507 apud Gallica] [https://archive.org/details/paesinouamentere00frac Editio 1508 rursus impressa 1916] apud ''Internet Archive''}} * 1516 : {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Augustinus Iustiniani||it|qid=Q3606765}}, ed., ''Psalterium Hebraeum, Graecum, Arabicum, et Chaldaeum, cum tribus Latinis interpretationibus et glossis'' sive ''Octaplus psalterii'': in psalmum XIX adnotatio de vita Christophori Columbi [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_N7Gk1tKBXn8C#page/n54/mode/1up Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1571 : {{ec|id=Ulloa (1571)|c= [[Alphonsus Ulloa]], interpr.; [[Ferdinandus Columbus]], ''[[Historie (Ferdinandus Columbus)|Historie]]'' [https://archive.org/details/historiedelsdfer00coln Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''}} ; Editiones fontium * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (Latine cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulus Latinus: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) * ''Raccolta di documenti e studi pubblicati dalla R. Commissione Colombiana pel quarto centenario dalla scoperta dell'America''. 11 voll. Romae, 1892-1893 [http://bdh.bne.es/bnesearch/biblioteca/Raccolta%20di%20documenti%20e%20studi%20pubblicati%20dalla%20R.%20Commissione%20Colombiana%20pel%20quarto%20centenario%20dalla%20scoperta%20dell%27America%20%20%20%20%20/qls/bdh0000004987 Textus] * Duquesa de Berwick y de Alba, ''Autógrafos de Cristóbal Colón''. Matriti, 1892 [http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/nd/ark:/59851/bmc1c1v6 Textus] apud ''Cervantes Virtual'' * Duquesa de Berwick y de Alba, ''Nuevos autógrafos de Cristóbal Colón y relaciones de ultramar''. Matriti, 1902 [https://archive.org/details/nuevosautgrafos00colugoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; vide et ''[https://archive.org/details/nuevosdocument00gestrich Nuevos documentos Colombinos]'' * Edmond Buron, ''Ymago Mundi de Pierre d'Ailly, cardinal de Cambrai et chancelier de l'Université de Paris (1350-1420): texte latin et traduction française des quatre traités cosmographiques de d'Ailly et des notes marginales de Christophe Colomb; étude sur les sources de l'auteur''. 3 voll. Lutetiae: Maisonneuve, 1930 [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6572456q vol. 1] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k97636643 vol. 2] [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9769209c vol. 3] apud Gallica * Juan Gil, Consuelo Varela, ''Cartas de particulares a Colón y relaciones coetáneas'' (Matriti, 1984) pp. 235-236 * Cecil Jane, ed., ''Select Documents Illustrating the Four Voyages of Columbus''. 2 voll. Londinii, 1930–1933 * R. H. Major, interpr., ''Select Letters of Christopher Columbus, with Other Original Documents Relating to his Four Voyages to the New World.'' Londinii: Hakluyt Society, 1847; {{Google Books|2wZDAAAAcAAJ}}; 2a ed., 1870 [https://archive.org/details/selectlettersofc00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Benjamin F. Stevens, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: his own book of privileges.'' Londinii, 1893; [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum00colu Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * John Boyd Thacher, ''Christopher Columbus: his life, his work, his remains''. 3 voll. Novi Eboraci, 1903–1904 [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum11thac 1] [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum02thacuoft 2] [https://archive.org/details/christophercolum03thacuoft 3] * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio, sine epistulis "novis", 1982) ; De vita * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in ''Portuguese Studies'' vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 * [[Samuel Eliot Morison]], ''Admiral of the Ocean Sea: a life of Christopher Columbus''. 2 voll. Bostoniae: Little, Brown, 1942; exemplaria mutuabilia: [https://archive.org/details/admiralofoceanse0001samu_o7b2 vol. 1], [https://archive.org/details/admiralofoceanse0002samu vol. 2] * Kirkpatrick Sale, ''The conquest of paradise: Christopher Columbus and the Columbian legacy''. Novi Eboraci: Knopf, 1990; [https://archive.org/details/conquestofparadi00sale Exemplar mutuabile] * Henry Vignaud, ''Études critiques sur la vie de Colomb avant ses découvertes''. Lutetiae: H. Welter, 1905; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k65415862 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' ; De cogitationibus scriptisque * Juan Luis de León Azcárate, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110917070447/http://www.religionycultura.org/2007/241-242/RyC241-242_3.pdf El «Libro de las profecías» (1504) de Cristóbal Colón: la Biblia y el descubrimiento de América]" in ''Religión y cultura'' vol. 53 (2007) pp. 361-406 * Valerie I. J. Flint, ''The imaginative landscape of Christopher Columbus''. Princetoniae, 1992 * David Henige, "Finding Columbus: implications of a newly-discovered text" in Cecil H. Clough, P. E. H. Hair, edd., ''The European Outthrust and Encounter: The First Phase c.1400-c.1700: essays in tribute to David Beers Quinn'' (Liverpolii: Liverpool University Press, 1994) pp. 141-166 {{Google Books|Dg-8ZOeBqcYC|paginae selectae}} * David Henige, ''In Search of Columbus: the sources for the first voyage.'' Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1991 * Pauline Moffitt Watts, "Prophecy and Discovery: on the spiritual origins of Christopher Columbus's 'Enterprise of the Indies'" in ''American Historical Review'' vol. 90 (1985) pp. 73-102 * Margarita Zamora, ''Reading Columbus''. Berkeleiae, 1993 ;Aliae encyclopaediae * {{Hofmannus}} s.vv. [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0931a.html "Columbus"] et [http://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0848b.html "Christophorus Columbus"] {{NexInt}} * [[Conquisitatores Hispani]] * [[Ovum Colombinum]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Christopher Columbus|Christophorum Columbum}} {{Vicifons|Christopher Columbus|Christophorum Columbum}} {{fontes biographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180913154931/http://www.icolombina.es/colombina/ Institutio et bibliotheca Columbina] * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem * "[https://www.cristoforocolombo.com/cristoforo-colombo/articoli-storici/lettera-ai-protettori-del-banco-di-san-giorgio-in-genova-siviglia-2-aprile-1502/ Lettera ai protettori del Banco di San Giorgio in Genova]" (1502) {{Lifetime|1451|1506|Columbus, Christophorus}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus|!]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Americae Mediae]] [[Categoria:Exploratores Italici]] [[Categoria:Incolae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Monarchia Regum Catholicorum]] ne2xkvlbqfp8ec811ul3v3nu9mumk3n 0 4345 3974386 3972161 2026-07-25T01:19:12Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974386 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Scientia dubia}} {{Pagina polienda|Nonnulla nomina videntur esse ficticia, atque Vicipaedia Theodisca hic adhibita est fons; vide [[Vicipaedia:Noli fingere]].}} [[Fasciculus:Deutschland Flussgebietseinheiten.png|thumb|right|Praecipuorum [[Germania|Germanicorum]] fluminum graviores naves perferentium diagramma ([[Theodisce]]).]] [[Fasciculus:Rheinbrücke Konstanz bei Föhn.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Pons super [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] [[Constantia (Germania)|Constantiae]].]] [[Fasciculus:Elbe Bad Schandau.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum [[Bad Schandau]] iuxta [[Albis|Albim]].]] [[Fasciculus:Aerials Deggendorf 16.06.2006.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|right|Oppidum Deggendorfium<ref name="Deggendorfium">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB10372085?p=485&cq=Candidus,%20Pantaleon&lang=de ''Chronica Bavaricae Capucinorum Provinciae : in brevem summam collecta a religionis institutione usque ad eius resuscitationem''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Ludovicus Sedlmair Deggendorfensis confessarius semper ei propre esse debuit (...) Testes erant Monachium, Straubinga, Deggendorfium, Bulsanum (...)".</ref> iuxta [[Danuvius|Danuvium]].]] [[Fluvius|Fluvii]] [[Germania]]e se in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], et [[Mare Germanicum]] effundunt. Praecipua sunt: * cum [[Ostium fluminis|ostio]] in [[Mare Balticum]], [[Viadrus]]; * cum ostio in [[Pontus Euxinus|Pontum Euxinum]], [[Danuvius]], cum suis praecipuis [[amnis influens|amnibus influentibus]] [[Aenus|Aeno]], [[Isara|Isarā]], et [[Licus|Lico]]; * cum ostio in [[Mare Germanicum]], [[Rhenus]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Mosella|Mosellā]], [[Moenus|Moeno]] et [[Nicer|Nicro]]; [[Visurgis]]; et [[Albis]], cum suis praecipuis amnibus influentibus [[Habala|Habalā]] et [[Sala (flumen)|Salā]]. ==Secundum longitudinem== Insequentes indices fluvios Germaniae ordinant secundum totam eorum longitudinem (e fonte in ostium), quamquam eorum longitudo intra Germaniae fines minor sit. ===Flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 200 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Danuvius<ref>Vide articulum "Danuvius" apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "Danube -river in Europe; '''Danuvius'' in Latin".</ref> seu Ister<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Hister<ref>[[Ovidius]], ''Epistulae ex Ponto'' 1.8.11: "urbs ripae vicina binominis Histri".</ref> | ''Donau'' | align="right" | 2850 | [[Pontus Euxinus]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Rhein'' | align="right" | 1233 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alba<ref name=Gr/> seu Albea<ref name=Gr/> seu Albia<ref name=Gr/> seu Albius<ref name=Gr/> seu Alpia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alvea<ref name=Gr/> seu Heilba<ref name=Gr/> seu Helbia<ref name=Gr/> seu Herlba<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 1094 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Viadus<ref name=Gr/> seu Odora<ref name=Gr/> seu Oder<ref name=Gr/> seu Odagra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odara<ref name=Gr/> seu Odra<ref name=Gr/> seu Odrita<ref name=Gr/> seu Adora<ref name=Gr/> seu Suevus Flavius<ref name=Gr/> seu Oddera<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski">[https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3".</ref> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddore<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> seu Oddere<ref name="Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski"/> | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 854 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella<ref name=Gr/> seu Mosula<ref name=Gr/> seu Musla<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mosel'' | align="right" | 544 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mogonus<ref name=Gr/> seu Manus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moius<ref name=Gr/> seu Mogus<ref name=Gr/> seu Moino<ref name=Gr/> | ''Main'' | align="right" | 524 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Enus<ref name=Gr/> seu Oenus<ref name=Gr/> seu Inus<ref name=Gr/> seu Hinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Innus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Inn'' | align="right" | 517 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wesera seu Wisara seu Wisuraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisora<ref name=Gr/> seu Wisura<ref name=Gr/> seu Visera<ref name=Gr/> seu Visara<ref name=Gr/> seu Wissula<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 451 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 413 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Neccarus<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Nechara<ref name=Gr/> seu Nectara<ref name=Gr/> seu Necorus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neckar'' | align="right" | 384 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sprea<ref>{{Mundt}}</ref> seu Spreve<ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewe <ref name=Gr/> seu Sprewa<ref name="Tractatus de duabus...">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Tractatus_de_duabus_Sarmatiis_Europiana_et_Asiana_et_de_contentis_in_eis Tractatus de duabus Sarmatiis Europiana et Asiana et de contentis in eis], ubi dicitur "(...) penes fluvium Sueuum Teutonice Spre seu Sprewa dictum, (...)".</ref> seu Spre<ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> seu Suevus<ref>"Suevus", "... ad Suevum" etc. {{Google Books|KRg_AAAAcAAJ|p. 578 et passim}}</ref><ref name="Tractatus de duabus..."/> | ''Spree'' | align="right" | 382 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Emisa<ref name="Emisa">[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/Periods/Roman/_Texts/Ptolemy/2/10/Mueller*.html Karl Müller's Apparatus and Notes to Ptolemy, Book II, Chapter 10: Germania Magna], ubi dicitur "(...) Amisis vel Amissis codd. Plinii 4, 100; Ἀμασίας Strabo 7, 1, 3; germanice olim Emisa fl. et Emisgow regio, nunc Ems fl. (...)".</ref> seu Amissis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisis<ref name="Emisa"/> seu Amisus<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasis<ref name=Gr/> seu Amasius<ref name=Gr/> seu Emesa<ref name=Gr/> seu Amera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ems'' | align="right" | 371 | [[Sinus Dollarius]]<ref>[https://books.google.es/books?id=O6deAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA675&lpg=PA675&dq=%22dollert%22+sinus&source=bl&ots=gvKfvPBBEJ&sig=ACfU3U1HLVN-1obH4z02czxdQrkKEeQdtA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf-M714PSGAxWJVPEDHeCwAEcQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=%22dollert%22%20sinus&f=false Allgemeinnütziges Geschicht- und Staaten-Wörterbuch], ubi dicitur "Dollart, Dollert, Sinus Dollarius vel Emdanus (...)".</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | Habola<ref name=Gr/> seu Havila<ref name=Gr/> seu Labola<ref name=Gr/> seu Albola<ref name=Gr/> | ''Havel'' | align="right" | 325 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirra<ref name=Gr/> seu Wirraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Vagarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vierra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Werra'' | align="right" | 298 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isura<ref name=Gr/> seu Isarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ysera<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isar'' | align="right" | 292 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | Agira<ref name=Gr/> seu Agra<ref name=Gr/> seu Egra<ref name=Gr/> seu Oegra<ref name=Gr/> seu Ogra<ref name=Gr/> seu Agria<ref name=Gr/> | ''Eger'' | align="right" | 291 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | Leinus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lynius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lagina<ref name=Gr/> | ''Leine'' | align="right" | 281 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)".</ref> | Alera<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> seu Elera<ref name="Aller"/> seu Aelara<ref name=Gr/> seu Alra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Aller'' | align="right" | 263 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra">Documentum 68, in: Carolus H. Lampe (Ed.): Urkundenbuch der Deutschordensballei Thüringen, 1. Bd., p. 68.</ref> | Elstera<ref>[https://archive.is/20121129132241/bv-moeckernwahren.de/via/Viadukt_25.pdf DIE BÜRGERZEITUNG FÜR MÖCKERN UND WAHRENDIE WEISSE ELSTER - ein vergessener Fluß?]</ref><ref>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Elstera Albus<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> | ''Weiße Elster'' | align="right" | 257 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lippia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lippa<ref name=Gr/> seu Libia<ref name=Gr/> seu Luppia<ref name=Gr/> seu Lyppia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lippe'' | align="right" | 255 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nysa<ref name=Gr/> seu Nyza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nycza<ref name=Gr/> seu Nysensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Neiße'' | align="right" | 254 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lica<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=V-oKH5yTvyAC&pg=PA82-IA1&lpg=PA82-IA1&dq=Lica+Lech&source=bl&ots=k2mj676gV4&sig=_V0jmBjlhnU4yI5oMRn5LnrsmlA&hl=en&ei=WnlITbiBCYjHswaGvJCCAw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Lica%20Lech&f=false Poesies: Llibres I i II By Venantius Honorius Clementianus Fortunatus]</ref> seu Lichus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lecha<ref name=Gr/> seu Licoas<ref name=Gr/> seu Lycus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lechus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lemannius<ref name=Gr/> seu Lehhae<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lech'' | align="right" | 248 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Sarra<ref name=Gr/> seu Sara<ref name=Gr/> seu Sangona<ref name=Gr/> seu Saora<ref name=Gr/> seu Saroa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Saar'' | align="right" | 246 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | Loganus<ref>[http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/thumbview/63151 ''37 - (46) - Lahnstenium (ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit) Confluentia venienti || Lhaanstein, komende van Koblenz - +â+ôbersicht - Landesbibliothekszentrum Rheinland-Pfalz'' apud www.dilibri.de] "Lahnstenium ubi Loganum Rhenus suscipit."</ref> seu Lahna<ref>[http://www.archive.org/stream/a568395900unknuoft/a568395900unknuoft_djvu.txt ''Full text of "Further correspondence respecting the relations existing between foreign governments and the court of Rome : (in continuation of papers presented to the Parliament, March 27, 1851)"'' apud www.archive.org] "[[Limburgum ad Lahnam]]"</ref> seu Lagana<ref name=Gr/> seu Logana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lona<ref name=Gr/> seu Lanus<ref name=Gr/> seu Lana<ref name=Gr/> seu Lahana<ref name=Gr/> | ''Lahn'' | align="right" | 242 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Alcmon<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alcmonia<ref name=Gr/> seu Alamona<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemo<ref name=Gr/> seu Alemannus<ref name=Gr/> seu Almuna<ref name=Gr/> seu Almonus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Altmühl'' | align="right" | 227 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Salsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Ivarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iuvarus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Salzach'' | align="right" | 225 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Fulda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vultaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Wulda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Fulda'' | align="right" | 218 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | Rurinna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ruhr'' | align="right" | 217 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elda (flumen)|Elda]]<ref>Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elde#Flussnamen articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand 786 als ''in Eldam'' statt" (...).</ref> | | ''Elde'' | align="right" | 208 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 199 et 100 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis">Vide articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Anglicam, ubi dicitur "n 575, the river was attested as the ''Onestrudis'', in the 7th century it was referred to as the ''Unestrude'', and in 994 as the ''Vnstruod''".</ref> | Unstroda<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrada<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstravia<ref name=Gr/> seu Unstrota<ref name=Gr/> seu Unestrude<ref name="Onestrudis"/> seu Unstruod<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | ''Unstrut'' | align="right" | 192 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Jagst'' | align="right" | 190 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Hunte'' | align="right" | 189 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eider hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Eider (lateinisch Egdor (...) Der Name der Eider leitet sich mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit von ''Egidor'' (Fluttor, Schreckenstor) ab und spielt auf den germanischen Meerriesen Ægir an, der für Fluten und damit verbundene Schrecken verantwortlich gemacht wurde. Die nach Volker Schmidt erste lateinische Erwähnung als ''Flumen Egidora'' legt diese Annahme nahe. Weitere Namen der Eider wie ''Egidorae fluminis'' (9. Jh. Reichsannalen), ''fluminis Eydori'' (12. Jh. Saxo Grammaticus), ''Eidera'' (1148 Urkunde Heinrich des Löwen) und ''Eydaer'' (1235 im Erdbuch König Waldemars II.) geben Aufschluss über die Herleitung zum heutigen Namen. ".</ref> | Eidora<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidor<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydorus<ref name="Egdor"/> seu Egidona<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu Eidera<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name="Egdor"/> seu Eydaer<ref name="Egdor"/> | ''Eider'' | align="right" | 188 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Amper'' seu ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 185 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra">[http://books.google.de/books?id=uMPJ7iscKDoC&pg=PA93&lpg=PA93&dq=Alstera+Elster&source=bl&ots=O6jtjv6YLV&sig=zdBuo9mf6Qv4E__kzibsux-uQn0&hl=de&sa=X&ei=P1NnT-HHJYnOswa108jiBQ&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Alstera%20Elster&f=false Ortsnamenbuch des Mittelelbegebietes von Inge Bily]</ref> | Elstera Niger<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=9ZHWEx8N9OUC&pg=RA1-PA44&lpg=RA1-PA44&dq=Elstera+alba&source=bl&ots=4VyINmTTBp&sig=PywVNQzENKElHEKmuCw_rgrRjks&hl=de&sa=X&ei=0VZnT7jFEMeH4gSTxdCLCA&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAjgK#v=onepage&q=Elstera%20alba&f=false Lexicon manuale, geographiam antiquam et mediam cum latine tum germanice ... von Johann Wilhelm Ferdinand Müller]</ref> seu Altsra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Schwarze Elster'' | align="right" | 179 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana">[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Ab_excessu_divi_Augusti_(Annales)/Liber_I#LVI Taciti ''Ab excessū dovo Augusti/Liber I, caput LVI] ubi dicitur "(...) iuventus flumen Adranam nando tramiserat (...)".</ref> | Adarna<ref name=Gr/> seu Aderna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ederna<ref name=Gr/> seu Ethrina<ref name=Gr/> seu Adrina<ref>Sperber, Rüdiger (1996). "Die Nebenflüsse von Werra und Fulda bis zum Zusammenfluß". ''Hydronymia Germaniae''. Reihe A, Lief. 5. Steiner, Wiesbaden. ISBN 978-3515006453.</ref> | ''Eder'' | align="right" | 177 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 173 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 763 wird der Fluss erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (secus fluvium Hassa) (...)".</ref> | Hasa<ref name=Gr/> seu Asa<ref name=Gr/> seu Assa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Hase'' | align="right" | 170 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Bada<ref name=Gr/> seu Botum<ref name=Gr/> seu Buda<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bode'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)".</ref> | Reganus<ref name="Regana"/> seu Reganum<ref name="Regana"/> | ''Regen'' | align="right" | 169 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera">[https://books.google.es/books?id=bHVBAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA3-PA63&lpg=RA3-PA63&dq=cochera+fluvius+Kocher&source=bl&ots=9heufonibr&sig=ACfU3U1qKFXUcAKG4YdC_4Y2JchLVTDjZw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi359OEkvWGAxVfbvEDHcChAggQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=cochera%20fluvius%20Kocher&f=false Mercurius Gallobelgicus M. Gothardo Arthusio succenturiatus], ubi dicitur "ibique in Cochera (...) fluvius Kocher".</ref> | Cochara<ref name=Gr/> seu Kocher<ref name="Cochera"/> | ''Kocher'' | align="right" | 168 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seyna Minor]]<ref name="Sayn">Fingitur hoc nomen ex vocibus "Seyna" aut "Zeina", quae apparent in {{Graesse}} referentes ad oppidulum Germanicum Theodisce nuncupatum "Sayn", cuius nomen e flumine homonymo derivatur, etiam nuncupato Theodisce ''Saynbach'', quod vicissim dat nomen alio flumini ''Kleiner Saynbach''</ref> | Zeina Minor<ref name="Sayn"/> | ''Kleiner Saynbach'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Seyna (flumen)|Seyna]]<ref name="Sayn"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vaconna<ref name=Gr/> seu Vechta<ref name=Gr/> seu Vedrus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Vechte'' | align="right" | 167 | [[Aqua Nigra (flumen)|Aqua Nigra]]<ref>[https://www.google.es/books/edition/Nederlandse_waternamen/HIEdAQAAMAAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&bsq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&dq=%22Zwarte+Water%22+%22aqua+nigra%22&printsec=frontcover Mauritii Schönfeld ''Nederlandse waternamen''], ubi dicitur "Wijdverbreid is ''Zwarte Water'' = lt. ''Aqua nigra'', engels ''Blackwater'' (...)".</ref> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Zviccaviensis-e", in libro "Codex Statutorum Zviccaviensium" apparenti et referenti ad urbem [[Cygnea]]m.</ref> | Milda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Milla Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mulda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mylda Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> seu Mlidava Zviccaviensis<ref name="MZ"/> | ''Zwickauer Mulde'' | align="right" | 166 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)".</ref> | Nabas<ref name="Naba"/> seu Napa<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nabe<ref name="Naba"/> seu Nab<ref name="Naba"/> | ''Naab'' | align="right" | 165 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rur'' | align="right" | 164 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schleichgraben]] | | ''Schleichgraben'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | Segaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Siga<ref name=Gr/> | ''Sieg'' | align="right" | 155 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | Hosta<ref name=Gr/> | ''Oste'' | align="right" | 153 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | Werdaha<ref name=Gr/> seu Virdo<ref name=Gr/> seu Vinda<ref name=Gr/> seu Vindex<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wertach'' | align="right" | 150 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iller hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihr lateinischer Name war '''Hilaria''' oder auch ''Hilara'' (...)".</ref> | Hilara<ref name="Hilaria"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Ilara<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Hylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ylarus<ref name=Gr/> seu Ilargus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Iller'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Milda<ref name=Gr/> seu Milla<ref name=Gr/> seu Mylda<ref name=Gr/> seu Mlidava<ref name=Gr/> | ''Mulde'' | align="right" | 147 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pena<ref name=Gr/> seu Penes<ref name=Gr/> seu Pana<ref name=Gr/> seu Penis<ref name=Gr/> seu Peanis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Peene'' | align="right" | 136 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutense" Lutense"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam.</ref> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Parra (flumen)|Parra]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Paar'' | align="right" | 134 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rhinus]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Rhin'' | align="right" | 133 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | Warinza<ref name=Gr/> seu Werna<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wörnitz'' | align="right" | 132 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Tuberus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Tubaris<ref name=Gr/> seu Tubara<ref name=Gr/> | ''Tauber'' | align="right" | 131 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Varnova]]<ref name="Hofmeister II 1891">Hofmeister, A. (1891). ''Die Matrikel der Universität Rostock: Vol. 2''. (Mich. 1499 - Ost. 1611). Stiller'sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou">Vide [https://www.fs-warnemuende.de/ www.fs-warnemuende], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer, das nördlich von Parchim entspringt, ist erstmals 1160 als Warnou flumen und 1186 als aqua Warnow urkundlich erwähnt (...).</ref>, Warnow<ref name="Warnou"/> | ''Warnow'' | align="right" | 130 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Chalusus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Ruhr)#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird im 13. Jh. erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (supra oder super Lenam)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 129 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | Kylia<ref name=Gr/> seu Belgis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Kyll'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590">Albinus, P. (1590). ''Meisnischer Land- und Berg-Chronica: In welcher ein volkommene Beschreibung des Landes Meißen, desselben Gelegenheit, Flüsse, Städt, Schlösser''... (Tomus I). Lorentz Seuberlich.</ref> | | ''Zschopau'' | align="right" | 128 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara Wissingensis]]<ref name="Lapara">Secundum [https://books.google.es/books?id=i-_gDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA21&lpg=PA21&dq=%22Kleine+Laber+%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=sJegxM7pNX&sig=ACfU3U3SJzaPgZCEumBJptUz_l_4myXnmg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-4uiTsraHAxW_Q_EDHcZbBxYQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Kleine%20Laber%20%22%20flumen&f=false ''Historischer Atlas von Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Große und die Kleine Laber sind um 790 als "Lapara" belegt (...)", nomen Latinum "Lapara" ad flumina Theodisce ''Große Laber'' et ''Kleine Laber'' nuncupata refert. Ergo, adhibitur adiectivum "parva" seu "magna" seu "alba" seu "Wissingensis" seu "Breitenbrunnensis" historico nomini Latino ut distinguantur haec flumina.</ref> | | ''Wissinger Laber'' | align="right" | 127 | [[Lapara Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz: Zweiter Band. Die Karte von 1789''. Bonnae: Hermann Behrendt.</ref> | Naha<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals erwähnt wurde die Fränkische Saale im Jahr 716 als super fluvio Sala in pago Salvense (am Fluss Sala im Saalgau). Im Jahr 777 schrieb man in einem Fuldaer Urkundenbuch: in pago Salecgauio super fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Saale'' | align="right" | 125 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF">Omnia haec nomina finguntur e nominibus Latinis quae {{Graesse}} dat flumini Theodisce ''Mulde'' nuncupato et e adiectivo "Fribergensis-e", referenti ad urbem [[Friberga]]m.</ref> | Milda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Milla Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mylda Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> seu Mlidava Fribergensis<ref name="MF"/> | ''Freiberger Mulde'' | align="right" | 124 | [[Mulda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | Wimma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wümme'' | align="right" | 121 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesum#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1331 als ''ultra Lesmoniam'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Niers'' | align="right" | 118 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bercla]]<ref name="Bercla">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss tritt 1322 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (''bercla'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Berkel'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IJssel hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) The Romans knew the river as '''Isala''' (...)".</ref> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Wupper'' | align="right" | 115 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loisach#%C3%89tymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Les formes antérieures de noms sont Liubasa (1003), Lyubasa (environ 1052), Liubisaha (1148-1155), Livbisaha (12e siècle), Liubsaha (1258), Leusach (1332), Leusach (1348) (...)".</ref> | Lyubasa<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubisaha<ref name="Liubasa"/><ref name=Gr/> seu Liubsaha<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Leusach<ref name="Liubasa"/> seu Loysa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Loisach'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nida (flumen)|Nida Saravi]]<ref name="Nida">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nied#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "Dénommé ''Nida'' dans les inscriptions romaines (...) Anciennes mentions: Neda (1121), Nidden (1200), Nithen (1364) (...)".</ref> | Neda<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nidden<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nithen<ref name="Nida"/> seu Nita Germanica<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Nied'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Travea<ref name=Gr/> seu Travenna<ref name=Gr/> seu Travena<ref name=Gr/> seu Chalusus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Trave'' | align="right" | 114 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pagantia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Pegnesus<ref name=Gr/> | ''Pegnitz'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Peschsiefen]] | | ''Peschsiefen'' | align="right" | 113 | [[Ankerbacum (Rhenus)|Ankerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze">Vide [https://ia601601.us.archive.org/23/items/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ/bub_gb_G-4IAAAAQAAJ.pdf ''Beiträge zur gallo-keltisch... Namenkunde''], ubi dicitur "(...) die ''Enz'' (in den Neckar), c. 1150 Enze fluvius (d i. *Antia) (...)".</ref> | | ''Enz'' | align="right" | 112 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diemel#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "In historischen Quellen wird die Diemel ebenfalls als ''Dimel, Dymel, Dimella, Dimola, Timella'' (...)".</ref> | Dymel<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimella<ref name="Dimel"/> seu Dimola<ref name="Dimel"/> Timella<ref name="Dimel"/> | ''Diemel'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rott'' | align="right" | 111 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilma<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilmenau'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vilisa|Vilisa Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name=Gr/> seu Quintanica<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> seu Filisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 109 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA455&lpg=PA455&dq=Saalach+%22flumen%22&source=bl&ots=ujlRsntsPa&sig=ACfU3U0SU_fvCyOKvGtwJZrcYzb3TFBxYg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP45KImveGAxX9RP4FHTzeBMoQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=Saalach%20%22flumen%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "''''Saalach''', '''die''' (...) ''iuxta fluvium Sala, iuxta fluvio Sala (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalach'' | align="right" | 106 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redera]]<ref name="Riedel 1863">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1863). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Große Röder'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oker hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Sie wurde 747 das erste Mal als Ovacra in Zusammenhang mit dem Okerübergang in Ohrum erwähnt, (...)".</ref><ref>[https://www.dmgh.de/mgh_ss_rer_germ_6/index.htm#page/7/mode/1up Annales regni Francorum (MGH SS rer. Germ. 6)], ubi dicitur "(...) super fluvium Ovacra in loco, qui dicitur Orheim, (...)".</ref> | Obacro<ref>[https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Annales_regni_Francorum Annales regni Francorum (Vicifons)], ubi dicitur "(...) supra fluvium Obacro in loco, qui dicitur Orhaim".</ref> | ''Oker'' | align="right" | 105 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erft#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde die Erft im Jahre 496/506 vom Geographen von Ravenna als Arnefa. Sie hieß zunächst „Arnapa“, später „Arnefe“ und „Arlefe“. Schließlich fand man 1320 den Namen „Arfe“. Der Name ist eine Komposition aus dem Hydronym -apa und dem germanischen Wort *arna-/*arni- mit der Bedeutung 'sicher, energisch, tüchtig' (...)".</ref> | Arnapa<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arnefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arlefe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu Arfe<ref name="Arnefa"/> seu [[Arphta]]<ref name="Lacomblet 1840">Lacomblet, T. J. (1840). ''Urkundenbuch für die Geschichte des Niederrheins oder des Erzstifts Cöln''. H. Voss.</ref> | ''Erft'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Misa (flumen Germanicum)|Misa]]<ref name="Misa">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C5%BEe#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Originally, the entire stream including the Berounka was called Mže (Latin: ''Misa'', German: ''Mies'') and the name first appeared in the 12th century in Chronica Boemorum. The name was written as ''Mse'', ''Msa'' and ''Mzye'' (...)".</ref> | Mse<ref name="Misa"/> seu Msa<ref name="Misa"/> seu Mzye<ref name="Misa"/> | ''Mies'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Berounka]]<ref name="Berounka">Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/4f/42/18/bd/4f4218bd-603a-4e29-9aa1-5794dcc5fcde/files/Cavan_Alt_02.pdf Asiento para un atlas corológico de la flora occidental, 25], ubi dicitur "in rivo Berounka haud procul a pago Zadní Trebáñ".</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ara<ref name=Gr/> seu Oraha<ref name=Gr/> seu Hora<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ohre'' | align="right" | 103 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | | ''Ach'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vida]]<ref name="Schaltenbrand II 1923">Schaltenbrand, J. (Ed.) (1923). ''Registrum bonorum et redituum archidioecesis Coloniensis ex saeculo XIV'' (Vol. 2). Typis Academicis. </ref> | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida">Helmut Priewer, Mathias Priewer, Gerhard Hachenberg: Warum ist die Wied eine Witt? In: Heimat-Jahrbuch des Landkreises Neuwied 2011, ISBN 3-9809797-8-4, S. 232–235.</ref> seu Vidua<ref name="Stramberg V 1856">Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.</ref> seu Weda<ref name="Stramberg V 1856">Stramberg, C. von. (1856). ''Das Rheinische Antiquarius: Mittelrhein, Der Rheingau'' (Vol. 5). R. F. Hergt.</ref> seu Vieda<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | ''Wied'' | align="right" | 102 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Friedberger Ach'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa">Hadrianus Vallesius, ''Notitia Galliarum ordine litterarum digesta'', [[Lutetia|Parisiis]], 1675, apud Fredericum Leonard, p. 89.</ref> | | ''Blies'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fuhse]] | | ''Fuhse'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innerste#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Innerste (frühere Formen lauten auch Inste (1805) oder Inster(-Fluß) (1780[9] und 1742[10]), Inderste (1567), Indistria (1313), Entrista (1065) und Indrista (1013)), könnte auf die indogermanische Wurzel oid = schwellend, kräftig zurückgehen (...)".</ref> | Inderste<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Indistria<ref name="Indistra"/> seu Entrista<ref name="Indistra"/> | ''Innerste'' | align="right" | 100 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 99 et 85 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 99 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Wald-'' (cui vide [https://www.navigium.de/latein-woerterbuch/Wald?wb=gross&nr=1 Navigium], ubi dicitur "'''silvāticus a um''' (''a/o-Deklination'') Wald-, zum Wald gehörig").</ref> | Nabas Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Napa Silvatica<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nabe Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> seu Nab Silvaticum<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | ''Waldnaab'' | align="right" | 99 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.551/html?lang=en degruyter.com], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ucker, die''' (in Brandenburg)", '''Uecker''' (in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) (...) 1168 ''fluminis ucrensis,'' 1235 (Kopie) ''parte aque'' (...) ''ukera, trans ukeram,'' (...) ''prope ukram'' (...).</ref> | Ukara<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ukra<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Flumen Ucrense<ref name="Ukera"/> seu Ucra<ref name="Bratring 1805">Bratring, F. W. A., auctore (1805). ''Statistisch-topographische Beschreibung der gesammten Mark Brandenburg''. Berolini: Friedrich Maurer.</ref> | ''Uecker'' | align="right" | 98 | [[Lacus maritimus Stettinensis]]<ref name="LMS">De hoc nomine, confer urbem [[Stettinum]].</ref> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Alanda (fluvius)|Alanda]]<ref name="Riedel 1841"/> | | ''Aland'' seu ''Milde'' seu ''Biese'' seu ''Milde-Biese-Aland'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha">Vide [https://www.hna.de/lokales/schwalmstadt/schwalmstadt-ort68394/der-nebelfluss-und-seine-geschichte-90881979.html hna.de], ubi dicitur "(...) In der älteren Wissenschaft wird behauptet, im 8. und 9. Jahrhundert habe der Fluss „Sualmanaha“, „Suualmanaha“ und „Swalmanaha“ gelautet, was Dampfwasser oder Nebelfluss oder Nebelgewässer bedeutete (...)".</ref> | Suvalmanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> seu Swalamanaha<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 97 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oura (Sura)|Oura]]<ref name="Binterim & Mooren II 1831">Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1831). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung'' (Vol. 2). Moguntiaci: Kirchheim, Schott und Thielmann. </ref> | Ura<ref name="Beyer 1860">Beyer, H. (1860). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der jetzt die Preussischen Regierungsbezirke Coblenz und Trier bildenden Mittelrheinischen Territorien'' (Vol. 1). Hölscher.</ref> | ''Our'' seu ''Ur'' | align="right" | 96 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dame]]<ref name="Dame">Confer [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA86#v=snippet&q=1440&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch] de regione homonymā, ubi dicitur "(...) provincia, que Dame dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Dahme'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Wipper''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 95 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Doxa (flumen)|Doxa]]<ref name="Doxa">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241226123407/https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/id/5ca0240d-cb67-447b-838c-e448c1f84200/1003655.pdf Beiträge zur Geschichte der Besiedlung Nord- und Mitteldeutschlands mit Balkanslaven], ubi dicitur "(...) Das ausschlaggebende Grundwort bei den bereits erwähnten und noch zu erwähnenden Formen scheint der Name der ''Dosse'', ein es Nebenflusses der Havel in der Prignitz. zu sein . Die frühesten, im Grunde jedoch spät einsetzenden Belege dieses Hydronyms sind: 1172 ''iuxta...Doxam'' (Helmold 40); 1274 ''dossa''; 1284 ''infra dosam'' (...)".</ref> | Dossa<ref name="Doxa"/> seu Dosa<ref name="Doxa"/> | ''Dosse'' | align="right" | 94 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)".</ref> | Chinzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kinzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzichun<ref name="Chinzechun"/> seu Kynzicha<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 93 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Kinzig'' | align="right" | 92 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | Nagalta<ref name=Gr/> seu Nagaltha<ref name=Gr/> seu Naglatensis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Nagold'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Premantia]]<ref name="Premantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prims#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine lateinische Urkunde Karls des Großen von 802 erwähnt den Namen Premantia. Der Flussname Premantia oder Bhrimantia (von „wallen“/„summen“) dürfte der keltischen Epoche entstammen (...)".</ref> | Bhrimantia | ''Prims'' | align="right" | 91 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glana (Nava)|Glana]]<ref name="Fabricius 1891">Fabricius, W. (1891). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. Bonnae: Behrend & Co.</ref> | Glan<ref name="Glan Navae">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA177&lpg=PA177&dq=%22flumen+Glan%22&source=bl&ots=ujmIwlysO7&sig=ACfU3U23l5Qidd06sYVb0KVJREd8YLFvDQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji5bbFwZ-HAxXgQvEDHdb5ClsQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Glan%22&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], ubi dicitur "(...) Glan, der r.z. Nahe (z. Rhein) bei Odernheim am Glan (...) ''super flumen Glan'' (...)".</ref> seu Glanus<ref name="">Widder, J. C. (1788). ''Versuch einer vollständigen geographisch-historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz'' (Vol. 3). [[Francofurtum ad Moenum|Francofurti ad Moenum]].</ref> | ''Glan'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Rhein)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Nach Berger (1999) sind die Namen ''Helzaha fluvium'' (763), ''Elzach'' (1234) und ''Elza'' (1335) urkundlich belegt (...)".</ref> | Elsach<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Elza<ref name="Helzaha"/> seu Alisontia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Elz'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidda_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Nidda'' gehört zu den ältesten Gewässernamen Europas. Die im 1. Jahrhundert an der Nidda errichtete Römerstadt Nida deutet darauf hin, dass die Römer den Flussnamen bereits vorfanden. Die älteste mittelalterliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahr 782 (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidda'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Pleiße'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wutach articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wutach wird im Jahr 1122 urkundlich erstmals genannt als ''Vutahe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wutach'' seu ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 90 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ">De adiectivo Zwiveltense, confer articulum de [[Zwiveltum|urbe Zwivelto]].</ref> | | ''Zwiefalter Aach'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dinkel (flumen)|Dinkel]] | | ''Dinkel'' | align="right" | 89 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Recknitz'' | align="right" | 88 | [[Mare Balticum]] | [[Raxa]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Große Laber'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | Stura<ref name=Gr/> seu Sturia<ref name=Gr/> seu Stihira<ref name=Gr/> | ''Stör'' | align="right" | 87 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Abrinca<ref name="Vergleichendes"/> seu Abricca<ref name="Vergleichendes">[http://books.google.de/books?id=NvYRAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA6&lpg=PA6&dq=Abricca&source=bl&ots=eTCBImcOgu&sig=u6nCfXmVmg2Y28LgxVTT_TFVIf4&hl=de&ei=mzfBTpGBMe754QSxqJyoBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCMQ6AEwATge#v=onepage&q=Abricca&f=false Vergleichendes wörterbuch der alten, mittleren und neuen geographie von Friedrich Heinrich Theodor Bischoff, Johann Heinrich Möller]</ref> | ''Ahr'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gera_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name des Flusses war Erfes (auch Erphes, Erfis oder Erphis), von dem der Name der Thüringer Landeshauptstadt Erfurt abstammt. Der Name Gera als Flussbezeichnung ist seit 1108 (Gerahe) belegt (...) Die lateinische Bezeichnung Hiera für Gera findet sich auch in der Benennung der alten Universität Erfurt als „Hierana“ (die an der Gera gelegene) (...)".</ref> | Gera<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphes<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erfis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Erphis<ref name="Hiera"/> seu Gerahe<ref name="Hiera"/> | ''Gera'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Prüm'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sura (Mosella)|Sura Mosellae]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Osterbek]] | | ''Osterbek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | Audan Magnum<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schipbeek]] | | ''Schipbeek'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Wipper'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Sude'' | align="right" | 85 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 84 et 75 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Amsaris<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Hemiscara<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Eimscherna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emscher'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz">Vide ''Usus aquarum, Interdisziplinäre Studien zur Nutzung und Bedeutung von Gewässern im Mittelalter'', , ubi dicitur "(...) 1264) 1570 ''fluuii Stepenitz'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 84 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aisca]]<ref name="Aisca">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher wurde fälschlicherweise angenommen, dass die Herkunft des Namens Aisch (karolingisch Eisce und Eisge, in einer Urkunde von 1129 Aisca[6]) in seiner ursprünglichen Konnotation fischreich bedeutet (...)".</ref> | Eisce<ref name="Aisca"/> seu Eisge<ref name="Aisca"/> | ''Aisch'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wazowniza]]<ref name="Wesenitz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesenitz#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Oberlausitzer Grenzurkunde wurde der Fluss 1241 mehrfach als ''Wazowniza''⁷ genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesenitz'' | align="right" | 83 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Sala<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Issel'' | align="right" | 82 | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zusam#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine Landschaftsbezeichnung von 898 in pago Dúria („im Gau Dúria“) enthält den alten Namen des Flusses. Dieser stammt vermutlich vom keltisch/gallischen Wort *durā, *duriā, was so viel wie 'Flusslauf' bedeutet.[4] 1268 tritt der Name als Zvsma, 1269 als Zvsem, 1284 als Zeusme (...)".</ref> | Zusma<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zusem<ref name="Duria"/> seu Zeusme<ref name="Duria"/> | ''Zusam'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Elmena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Helme'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | Isia<ref name=Gr/> seu Isinisca<ref name=Gr/> | ''Isen'' | align="right" | 81 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helbe]]<ref name="Helbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helbe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Im Jahr 1267 taucht der Fluss als ''aquam … Helbe'' erstmals in den schriftlichen Urkunden auf (...)".</ref> | | ''Helbe'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ichesa<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Itz'' | align="right" | 80 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aha (flumen)|Aha]]<ref name="Aha">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur], ubi dicitur "(...) ''ad Ahae fluvii'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Großache'' seu ''Kitzbüheler Ache'' seu ''Jochberger Ache'' seu ''Kössener Ache'' seu ''Tiroler Achen'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis">Gerhard Lorenz, [https://www.bavarikon.de/search?terms=Prior+von+Tegernsee&lang=en&facet=creator.name_str%3AGerhard%2C+Lorenz%3B+Verfasser "Brevis Bavariae geographia" (Herbipoli: 1844).]</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Murg'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=6QkAAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA648&lpg=PA648&dq=%22amnis+Wiesent%22&source=bl&ots=ll6FFVN8hL&sig=ACfU3U3LV2O7iOzTO3ktkkn5305tf_T6fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijsom6v7iHAxWwfKQEHRnRD_4Q6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22amnis%20Wiesent%22&f=false ''Bryologia universa seu Systematica ad novam methodum dispositio'', Vol. II], ubi dicitur "(...) In lapidicinis et ad ripa amnis Wiesent prope Erlangam (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesent'' | align="right" | 79 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Vilsa<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Vils'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Mindel'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=FuwzkvZmlVAC&pg=RA2-PT353&lpg=RA2-PT353&dq=Rems+fluvius&source=bl&ots=pqKYOU-Qfo&sig=ACfU3U0iTPhkv6wzJUq8mkuntYSbzkgUaw&hl=de&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi04PX82dvmAhVKK5oKHUwGAR8Q6AEwAXoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=Rems%20fluvius&f=false FONS LATINITATIS CORVINIANUS BICORNIS, auctore Christophoro Giglingio].</ref> | Remsa<ref name="Remisus"/> seu Ramasia<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=bmITAAAAIAAJ&q=Ramasia&dq=Ramasia&hl=de&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjX3v-KyNvmAhXQLVAKHZyABysQ6AEIXDAH Fons nominis in ''Heinrich Bebels Facetien drei Bücher'', 1931, pag. 199]</ref> | ''Rems'' | align="right" | 78 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Frimida]]<ref name="Frimida">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfreimd_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten Belege des Namens Pfreimd sind ''Frimida'' (1022/23), ''Frima'' (1024–1031), ''Phrime'' (um 1130; mit der alten Schreibung <ph> für <pf>) und ''Phrimede'' (1156) (...)".</ref> | Frima<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrime<ref name="Frimida"/> seu Phrimede<ref name="Frimida"/> | ''Pfreimd'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Smuttura]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schmutter'' | align="right" | 76 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilma (Bavaria)|Ilma]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Ilma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilm_(Abens)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahre 821 schrieb man ''Ilma'', 890 ''Ilminam'', 920 ''Ilmim'' und seit 1322 ''Ilm'' (...)".</ref> | Ilmina<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilmin<ref name="Ilma"/> seu Ilm<ref name="Ilma"/> | ''Ilm'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia Danubii]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung (fluuium Lade) stammt aus der ersten Hälfte des 9. Jahrhunderts (...)".</ref> | | ''Leda'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Neuburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Lauter hieß am Unterlauf in keltisch-römischer Zeit Murga (...)".</ref> | Lutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lauter'' seu ''Wieslauter'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tribula (Penus)|Tribula Peni]]<ref name="Tribula">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Trebel, Fluß, unterhalb Demmin in die Peene, 1285 aqva, que Tribula dicitur, 1292 supra Treble, 1298 fluvius Trebele (...)".</ref> | Treble<ref name="Tribula"/> | ''Trebel'' | align="right" | 75 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 74 et 60 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Kambeloch]]<ref name="Kambeloch">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Kammel''', Fluss links zur Mindel (z.Donau), ON. Kammlach (Lkr. Unterallgäu), 1243 ''Kambeloch'', < FlN. (kelt.) *''Kambal''- (+ ahd. -''aha'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Kammel'' seu ''Kammlach'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lesura (flumen Germanicum)|Lesura]]<ref name="Lesura">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieser_(Mosel)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Baches ist keltischen Ursprungs.[4] Die früheste Erwähnung der Lieser als ''Lesura'' findet sich in dem um 371 entstandenen Gedicht Mosella von Ausonius.[5] In Vers 365 steht: „Praetereo exilem Lesuram“ (die armselige Lieser übergehe ich).[6] In einem Testament aus dem Dezember 634 wird von Weingütern an der Lieser berichtet, die der Eigentümer besitzt: „Vineas ad Lesuram … quas possedi“.[7] Seit dem späten 8. Jahrhundert wandelt sich das e im Flussnamen ''Lesura'' zu ''i'' oder y, wobei auch der Name Lisera vorkommt. Der heutige Name ''Lieser'' ist erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1357 beleg (...)".</ref> | Lisera | ''Lieser'' | align="right" | 74 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeetzel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird um das Jahr 1014 als Jesne erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Jeetzel'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Treya]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Treene'' | align="right" | 73 | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> | [[Egdor]]<ref name="Egdor"/> |- | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Roter Main'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Soeste]] | | ''Soeste'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Jümme (flumen)|Jümme]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Waharna<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Werre'' | align="right" | 72 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Abia (Danubius)|Abia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Abens'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | | ''Böhme'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesa]]<ref name="Vesa">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=ELmR13uk8BwC&pg=PA1792&lpg=PA1792&dq=Vesdre+%22Vesa%22&source=bl&ots=dWgI2GF9n1&sig=ACfU3U3Fu4SstiopCZsYdLFXxKIkWlO_Qg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiUvcSP-rWHAxX3RPEDHdwiBGY4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=Vesdre%20%22Vesa%22&f=false ''Dictionnaire Géographique Et Statistique Sur Un Plan Entièrement Nouveau, Volume 2''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''VESDRE''', lat. ''Vesa'', riv. d'Europe affl. dr. de l'Ourte à Chênée (...)".</ref> | | ''Weser'' | align="right" | 71 | [[Urta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | | ''Agger'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sura (Rhenus)|Sura Rheni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 70 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Inferior]]<ref name="ArgInf">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "inferior-ius". </ref> | | ''Untere Argen'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...)Der Fluss wird 839 erstmals als ''ad Argunam'' schriftlich erwähnt. Er bedeutete ursprünglich 'hell, glänzend, (blitz)schnell' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haidenaab]] | | ''Haidenaab'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder">Vide [https://geschichtsvereinhoechst.de/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Hoechster-Geschichtsverein-Geschichtshefte-1978-heft-30-31-kurmainische-schloss-zu-hoechst-am-main.pdf ''Das kurmainzische Schloß zu Höchst am Main''], ubi dicitur "(...) Moenus fluvius, Nidder fluvius (...)".</ref> | | ''Nidder'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sinn'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Sala (Moeni)|Sala Moeni]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 772 als „Wetteraha“ erstmals schriftlich erwähnt.[5] Weitere Namensformen sind „Weteraha“, „Wettera“, „Wetera“ und „Weter“ (...)".</ref> | Wettera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Wetera<ref name="Weteraha"/> seu Weter<ref name="Weteraha"/> | ''Wetter'' | align="right" | 69 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=THpYAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=%22flumen+Tollense%22&source=bl&ots=CdYxZN4qYZ&sig=ACfU3U3_0MiH2yDFIhsR5LpriED48tJvfw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjsgNbVl7aHAxXJYPEDHUnIA9cQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=%22flumen%20Tollense%22&f=false ''Georgii Tertii ... Regis Magnae Britanniae, Franciae, Hiberniae defensoris''], ubi dicitur "(...) quorum illos LAacus et flumen Tollense Stargardiae et Pomeraniae exteriori vindicant (...)".</ref> | | ''Tollense'' | align="right" | 68 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flöha]] | | ''Flöha'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002197301_01/_naa002197301_01_0003.php ''Naamkunde. Jaargang 5''] ubi dicitur "(...) De '''Haune''', rechterbijrivier van de Fulda te Bad Hersfeld (Land Hessen, Reg.-Bez. Kassel, Landkr. en AG Hersfeld): 747 (onecht stuk, waarschijnlijk van 822-24; hs. kort na het midden der XIIe e.) ''in australem Hûnam ... in Hunam'', 789 (k. kort na het midden der XIIe e. van k. 828) ''fluvii, quae vocatur Huna''(40); ...; 980 (or.) ''in fluvium Huna vocatum ... in Hunaha, de Hunaha''(41). (...)".</ref> | Hunaha | ''Haune'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Labere]]<ref name="Labere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde der Fluss etwa um 1150 als Labere (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarze Laber'' seu ''Schwarze Laaber'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | | ''Schwarzer Schöps'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werse#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der älteste urkundliche Beleg des Namens der Werse stammt aus dem Jahr 1189 als ''Werse'', und aus dem Jahr 1279 stammt die Form ''de Wersa''. Für das Jahr 1316 erscheint in Lateinisch der Eintrag ''molendino dicto Wersa'', also ein Mühlort, beziehungsweise eine Wassermühle die (an der) Werse genannt wird (...)".</ref> | Wersa<ref name="Werse"/> | ''Werse'' | align="right" | 67 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Löcknitz]] | | ''Löcknitz'' | align="right" | 66 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bilena]]<ref name=Gr/> | Billena<ref name=Gr/> | ''Bille'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Baunach|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad Bunaha ubi ecclesia edificata erat (...)".</ref> | | ''Baunach'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ilsus<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltsa<ref name=Gr/> seu Iltza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ilz'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lapara parva|Lapara Parva]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Kleine Laber'' seu ''Kleine Laaber'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Lapara magna|Lapara Magna]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nuthe|Nuthe Habalae]]<ref name="Nuthe">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Y-VGAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA497&lpg=PA497&dq=%22fluvius+nuthe%22&source=bl&ots=ew4OufOUqY&sig=ACfU3U1NZgQzw_R5Ctg_Z4y-xjPnhODopA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwje1uS7p7aHAxWFQvEDHTzqD6sQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22fluvius%20nuthe%22&f=false ''Cornelii Taciti opera quae supersunt''], ubi dicitur "(...) Nuithones, populus Germaniae in comitatu Marchiae Mediae, ubi fluvius ''Nuthe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Möhne]] | | ''Möhne'' | align="right" | 65 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nister (flumen)|Nister]]<ref name="Nister">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/cellarius1/cellariushistoria.html CHRISTOPHORI CELLARII HISTORIA UNIVERSALIS BREVITER AC PERSPICVE EXPOSITA IN ANTIQUAM, ET MEDII AEV AC NOVAM DIVISA, CUM NOTIS PERPETVIS EDITIO XI. AD NOSTRA USQUE TEMPORA CONTINVATA ET SUMMARIIS AUCTA], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Cochin vocatur castellum ad fluvium Nister, quod pacificatione post hanc victoriam Walachorum principi a Polonis restitutum fuit'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Nister'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=bqhMAAAAcAAJ&pg=PP12&lpg=PP12&dq=amnis+,+Rezat+feu+Redniz+,+olim+Radiantia+dictus&source=bl&ots=CXb6OXVZC-&sig=ACfU3U0rrGccL2eu9TSN4x0nIlOWdLfgUA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPxaDRwraHAxVdVPEDHcn8C2wQ6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage&q=amnis%20%2C%20Rezat%20feu%20Redniz%20%2C%20olim%20Radiantia%20dictus&f=false ''Natalem vicesimum septimum serenissimae principis ac dominae''], ubi dicitur "(...) Rezat seu Redniz, olim Radiantia dictus (...)". Quamquam, secundum hunc librum, nomina "Radiantia" et "Rezat" et "Redniz" synonyma olim erant, eligitur "Rezat" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Fränkische Rezat'' nuncupato; nomen "Radiantia" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Regnitz'' nuncupato; nomen "Redniz" flumini hodie Theodisce ''Rednitz'' nuncupato. Flumini hodie Theodisce ''Schwäbische Rezat'' nuncupato, eligitur nomen "Radentia", secundum articulum de hoc flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 793 wurde der Fluss erstmals als „Radentia“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fränkische Rezat'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salica (flumen)|Salica]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Selke'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wenkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wenkbach'' | align="right" | 64 | [[Par-Allna]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus">Vide [http://www.lateinlexikon.com/lexicon_latinum_hodiernum_parsgeographica.pdf ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum Lucusaltianum''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alz,''' f ''Alzus, i, m'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alezussa, ae, f'' [ORB p.59]; ''Alzissa, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alszista, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Alasa, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alaza, ae, f'' [ORB p.57]; ''Alsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.61]; ''Alza, ae, f'' [ORB p.63]; ''Acha, ae, f'' [ORB p.53]; ''Achsa, ae,'' f [ORB p.53]; ''Achza, ae, f'' [ORB p.53] {flumen Germanicum, quod in Aeno influit} (...)".</ref> | Alezussa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alzissa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alszista,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alasa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alaza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Alza,<ref name="Alzus"/> Acha,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achsa,<ref name="Alzus"/> Achza<ref name="Alzus"/> | ''Alz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | Salia<ref name="Chytraeus 1599">Chytraeus, D. (1599). ''Saxonia, ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad MDXCIX recognita, et ad hoc usque praesentem annum MDC continuata''. [[Lipsia]]e: Impensis Henningi Grosii.</ref> | ''Selz'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salmona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Salma<ref name="Hofmann"/> | ''Salm'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fils'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wern#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Den Namen schrieb man im 8. Jahrhundert ''Werma'' und um das Jahr 1015 ''Werina'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Wern'' | align="right" | 63 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Ambra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Emmer'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Escheda]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Esta<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Este'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milnitz]]<ref name="Milnitz">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 ''Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg''], ubi dicitur "(...) Mildenitz, Nebenfluß der Warnow, 1237 die bach Milnitz, 1256 usque Milnitz fluuium, 1272 aqua Mildenizce (...)".</ref> | Mildenizce | ''Mildenitz'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ursene<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Örtze'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Scuzina]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schussen'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=JusDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA690&lpg=PA690&dq=%22Zwentina%22+Schwentine&source=bl&ots=NShweEDAaE&sig=ACfU3U1QJPxuSMkZU_e946z20Z2AyCu0Cg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieo7P51LaHAxXW1QIHHRflAKkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Zwentine%22%20&f=false ''Urkundensammlung der Schledswig-holstein-lauenburgischen ..., Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) Cujus termini sunt in aquilonari parte a Zwentine usque ad Lapides (...) situm in Zwentina fluvio prope clautrum (...)".</ref> | Zwentina<ref name="Zwentine"/><ref name="Zwentina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwentine#Historisches hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch Namensformen wie Zwentina, Zuentina, Suentana sind historisch belegt (...)".</ref> seu Zuentina<ref name="Zwentina"/> seu Suentana<ref name="Zwentina"/> | ''Schwentine'' | align="right" | 62 | [[Lacus Parvus Ploenensis]]<ref name="LPP">Fingitur huius lacūs nomen (Theodisce ''Kleiner Plöner See'') adiacenti ex urbe [[Ploena|Ploenā]]. Latino de huius urbis nomine, vide {{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Zwentine]]<ref name="Zwentine"/> |- | [[Nemesa]]<ref name="Nemesa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nims#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nims wird bereits in römischer Zeit vom Dichter Decim(i)us Magnus Ausonius in seinem Werk "Mosella" als ''Nemesa'' erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nims'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Prumia (flumen)|Prumia]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Plana (Habala)|Plana]]<ref name="Plana">Riedel, A. F., auctore (1849). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis''. Praecipua pars 1, Volumen 8. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | | ''Plane'' | align="right" | 61 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Ohm'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Arda<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Aar'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kraichbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kraichbach'' seu ''Kraich'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Locha (flumen Germanicum)|Locha]]<ref name="Locha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauchert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Nennungen des 13. Jh. heißt der Fluss ''Locha'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Locha2">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/wirtembergische02staagoog/wirtembergische02staagoog_djvu.txt ''Wirtembergisches urkundenbuch; herausgegeben von dem Königlichen staatsarchiv in Stuttgart''], ubi dicitur "(...) qui ex arce nostra Altenburg ad flumen, quod Locha dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauchert'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebel_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Nebel ist 1189 als ''Nebula'' ersturkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nebel'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=Z2oAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=%22Pfinz%22+fluvius&source=bl&ots=ivgR20gcuE&sig=ACfU3U0GvdH1J3wBfLY8Wl4IQyDP8hsMsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjn4OGb7LaHAxWlR_EDHQmmDRAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Pfinz%22%20fluvius&f=false ''Geographia pagorum vetustae Germaniae cisrhenanorum''], ubi dicitur "(...) PHUNZIN fl. (h. ''Pfin'') a quo pagellus nomen traxit, oritur non longe a Portâ Hercininiae (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfinz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pulsnicia (fluvius)|Pulsnicia]]<ref name="Müller 1715">Müller, C. (1715). ''Saxoniae Electoralis Descriptio Historico-Geographica''. Lipsiae: Officina Gleditschiana.</ref> | Polsniza<ref name="Posse 1883">Posse, O. (Ed.) (1883). ''Codex Diplomaticus Saxoniae Regiae: Haupttheil I, Band 3. Urkunden der Markgrafen von Meißen y Landgrafen von Thüringen (1196–1234)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> seu Polsnicz<ref name="">Gersdorf, E. G. (Ed.) (1864). ''Urkundenbuch del Hochstifts Meißen (Band 1)''. Lipsiae: Giesecke & Devrient.</ref> | ''Pulsnitz'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=FwLmPwST_TIC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=%22Speyerbach%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=MMu5IpjCnq&sig=ACfU3U1UUwmNCx1XsPxoC3xBNCcwKc0JDA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigoozG6LaHAxUpR_EDHZYBDiUQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Speyerbach%22%20flumen&f=false ''Der Kaiser-Dom zu Speyer: eine topographisch-historische Monographie, Volume 1''], ubi dicitur "(...) inde autem ad flumen Spira (Speyerbach) dictum (...)".</ref> | | ''Speyerbach'' seu ''Speyer'' seu ''Speierbach'' | align="right" | 60 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 59 et 50 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Alisontia (Mosella)|Alisontia]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Elzbach'' seu ''Elz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | Aliso<ref name=Gr/> | ''Alme'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Fuhne'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nitasa]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Rekinzi<ref name="Rekinzi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnitz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist erstmals in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1160 als „Rekinzi“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | ''Regnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weschnitz#Flussname hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auf die Weschnitz wird mit Wiscoz, Wisgots[4] oder ähnlichen Schreibweisen in zahlreichen Urkunden des Lorscher Codex als Referenz für die Lage des Klosters Lorsch Bezug genommen. Auch in anderen lateinischen Publikationen erscheint dieser Name.[5] (...)".</ref> | Wisgots | ''Weschnitz'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe">Vide [https://www.sorabicon.de/kulturlexikon/artikel/prov_urb_tjk_d3b/ ''Gewässernamen''], ubi dicitur "(...) danach benannt ist das ''Löbauer Wasser'', das aber 1228/1241 ''Lubotna'' hieß, 1268 ''flumen Lubetowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Löbauer Wasser'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Luya|Luya Ilmenae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Lia<ref name=Gr/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta">Vide [https://www.bayerische-landesbibliothek-online.de/lc-de-en-liste2.html ''Liber...censualium: Digitale Edition - Nachträge und Einbindungen fol. 39 - 43v''], ubi dicitur "(...) Haienperch totum in circuito inde inter flumina Manachfialta et Slieraha usque ad Hesilintal (...) (...) ''Manachfialta'': TF Mangfall (...) de Hesilintal sursum iuxta Slieraha usque ad Rotenpach inde usque ad cacumen Citolfesecca inde usque ad medietatem Manachvalte. inde iusum iuxta Manachvalta usque ad Hesilental (...) ''Manachvalta'': TF Mangfall (...)".</ref> | Manachvalta<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | ''Mangfall'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N - Z''].</ref> | | ''Parthe'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | Scontra<ref name=Gr/> seu Scuntra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Schunter'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secunda Alestra]]<ref name="Secunda Alestra">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/fulltext.php?docid=635&search=Kleine+Elster Monumenta Egrana I], ubi dicitur "(...) die secunda Alestra sicher gleich mit der Elstra minor (der kleinen Elster) einer nicht viel späteren Urkunde (...)".</ref> | Elstra Minor<ref name="Secunda Alestra"/> | ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 59 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stibarna]]<ref name="Stibarna">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog/grndungsgeschic00tibugoog_djvu.txt ''Gründungsgeschichte der stifter, pfarrkirchen, klöster und kapellen im bereiche des alten bisthums Münster, mit ausschluss des ehemaligen friesischen theils''], ubi dicitur "(...) Sülfen Tiegt naͤmlich unweit des Steverfluffes (Stibarna, Stivarna, Stiburna) (...) h „iuxta Stibarna“ bezeichnet wird (...)".</ref> | Stivarna<ref name="Stibarna"/> seu Stiburna<ref name="Stibarna"/> | ''Stever'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tannbacum (Sala)|Tannbacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Tannbach'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen e Latino homonymi oppiduli nomine, secundum [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_8rY-AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt ''Regesta sive rerum boicarum autographa ad annum usque MCCC''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ulricua judex de Wundreb (...)".</ref> | | ''Wondreb'' | align="right" | 58 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Darmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Darmbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | Leyn<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lein'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Burgdorfiense]]<ref name="Owe Burgd.">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Burgdorfiense". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Burgdorfiensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Burgdorfiense<ref name="Owe Burgd."/> | ''Burgdorfer Aue'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rench#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rench wurde 1291 erwähnt als ''rivus Reineche'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Rench'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Simmerbach]]<ref name="Simmerbach">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=wBQ-AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=%22rivus+Simmerbach%22&source=bl&ots=cYl1hMp3vI&sig=ACfU3U1uPmMXEYefVbUd15wXK5KAd9wPJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmufD1vbmHAxWlBNsEHc5MBDEQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=%22rivus%20Simmerbach%22&f=false ''De Tauni montis parte Transrhenana''], ubi dicitur "(...) propagatum rivus Simmerbach transit (...)".</ref> | | ''Simmerbach'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulster (flumen)|Ulster]] | | ''Ulster'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vurmicus|Vurmicus Rurae]]<ref name=Gr/> | Vurmnis<ref name=Gr/> | ''Wurm'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Wyda|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Weida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weitaha<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Wida<ref name="Wyda"/> seu Weyda<ref name="Wyda"/> | ''Weida'' | align="right" | 57 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Alpha (Isala Vetus)|Alpha Isalae Veteris]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Bocholter Aa'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Isala Rhenaniae Septentrionalis-Vestfaliae|Isala Vetus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alstra<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Halstera<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> seu Affalstria<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alster'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ebera]]<ref name="Ebera">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20221231091120/http://ebersberger-historie.de/assets/jb_2_web.pdf Weitere Eber-Namen in Deutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Reiche Ebrach (l. zur Regnitz, 1069 Ebera) (...)".</ref> | |''Reiche Ebrach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla">Vide [https://collections.thulb.uni-jena.de/receive/HisBest_cbu_00084275 ''Collections@Urmel''], ubi dicitur "(...) 979 in fluvio quodam Hursilla vocat qui fluit in Lupinzgovve (...) 1014 de capella ad Hûrselen (...)".</ref> | Hurselen | ''Hörsel'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Oder'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Ruma (flumen)|Ruma]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schuttera]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Swartza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> seu Swarza<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | ''Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 56 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Dill'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guntia (flumen)|Guntia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | Gontia<ref name="Gontia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCnz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name wird in der Antike schon im 2./3. Jahrhundert inschriftlich erwähnt (Gontiae sacr(um)). (...)".</ref> | ''Günz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Horone]]<ref name="Horone">Vide articulum [https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_(Schwarzbach)#Hydronymie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Francicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ancienne mention : ''Hornsbach¹'' (1150). D'après l'aha, « ''zuo deru hoawinum bacha'' ». Une deuxième Horn, appelée maintenant Breidenbach, a formé les localités d'Althorn et Neuhorn qui s'écrivent en 783 « ''in marca Horone''¹ ». (...)".</ref> | Hornsbach<ref name="Horone"/> | ''Horn'' seu ''Hornsbach'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlinge (flumen)|Schlinge]] | | ''Schlinge'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Bielheimerbeek]] | [[Isala]]<ref name="Isala"/> |- | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese">Vide [https://www.e-periodica.ch/cntmng?pid=bhl-001%3A1913%3A22%3A%3A276 ''Über das Vorkommen von Teesdalia und Subularia in der Schweiz''], ubi dicitur "(...) ad flumen Wiese (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiese'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisinta]]<ref name="Wisinta">Vide [https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuoft/page/172/mode/2up?view=theater&q=wisinta https://archive.org/details/thringischeges10vereuof]</ref> | Wisenta<ref name="Wisenta">Vide [https://www.bergfex.de/sommer/thueringen/touren/wanderung/1008459,wandern-um-die-talsperre-loessau/ ''Wandern um die Talsperre Lössau''], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1071 wird das Flüsschen erstmals erwähnt, das Gebiet, das sie durchfließt wird als „terra Wisenta“ = Wisentaland bezeichnet (...).</ref> | ''Wisenta'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Woblitz]] | | ''Woblitz'' | align="right" | 55 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Acher]] | | ''Acher'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Inda (flumen)|Inda]]<ref name="Inda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inde_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Name der Inde ist als ''Inda'' zuerst belegt für die Zeit der Jahre 496 bis 506 n. Chr. in einer Handschrift des 13./14. Jahrhunderts, welche ihrerseits eine aus dem 7./8. Jahrhundert stammende Kopie der ''Cosmographia'' (4, 24) des Geographen von Ravenna kopiert. Der Ortsname der Klostergründung der Reichsabtei Kornelimünster im frühen 9. Jahrhundert, der zuerst ebenfalls kurz ''Inda'' lautete, erscheint bis 855 als ''Sancti Corneli ad Indam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Inde'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Köhntop]] | | ''Köhntop'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> | [[Ukera]]<ref name="Ukera"/> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rot<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rott<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rote<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Rot'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Truna (Alzus|Truna Alzensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Traun'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Würm'' | align="right" | 54 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza">Vide [http://www.arbre-celtique.com/encyclopedie/alisantia-alisontia-elsenz-16628.htm Encyclopédie de l'Arbre Celtique], ubi dicitur "(...) Nom antique de l'Elsenz, rivière affluente du Neckar (...). Cet hydronyme apparaît ensuite sous les formes ''Elisinza fluvius, sursum Elizinza'' et ''Elisenza'' dans un Acte du roi Otton III, daté du 1^er janvier 988 (...).</ref> | Elizinza<ref name="Elisinza"/> seu Elisenza<ref name="Elisinza"/> | ''Elsenz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ferum Bistrice]]<ref name="Ferum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "ferum" (Theodisce ''Wilde'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Ferum Buistrizi<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Februm Wisteritz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> seu Ferum Wistricz<ref name="Ferum Bistrice"/> | ''Wilde Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Rodach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | | ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzach (Alcmana)|Schwarzach Alcmanae]] | | ''Schwarzach'' seu ''Schwarza'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steinbacum (Herbipolis)|Steinbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinbach'' | align="right" | 53 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aach Linzgauviense]]<ref name="Lizgauviense">Gentilicium "Linzgauviense" ad Linzgauvia refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linzgau#Mittelalter eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in pago Linzgauvia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Linzer Aach'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | | ''Alf'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf ''Die romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Brenz''', Fluss links zur Donau, mündet zwischen Faimingen und Lauingen (Lkr. Dillingen an der Donau), um 774 ''fluvium Brancia'', < (kelt.) *''Brandisa'' (...).</ref> | | ''Brenz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Er ist bereits in der Bezeichnung der römerzeitlichen Ansiedlung vicus murrensis belegt, die ein bei Benningen oder bei Murrhardt gelegenes Lagerdorf war (...)". Quo ex vico, fingitur Latinum huius fluminis nomen.</ref> | | ''Murr'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesse (Hursilla)|Nesse Hursillae]] | | ''Nesse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Hursilla]]<ref name="Hursilla"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Queicha]]<ref name="Remling 1852">Remling, F. X. (1852). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Bischöfe von Speyer: Vol. I. Aetates antiquiores et medii aevi''. Kirchheim & Schott.</ref> | Queich<ref name="Queich">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=1ikVoFz9F-MC&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=%22Queich%22+flumen&source=bl&ots=dVXN9_IKSb&sig=ACfU3U3lXPV-apGeopoOVaDcEsxRaPxROw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz9LzMuruHAxWXcaQEHbD9DMoQ6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=%22Queich%22%20flumen&f=false ''Atlas novus exhibens orbem terraqueum per naturae (...)''], ubi dicitur "(...) LANDAW ''Landavia'' V. satis ampla & nunc egregiè ''munita'' olim ''Imperialis,'' ad Flumen ''Queich'' (...).</ref> | ''Queich'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rognitzium (flumen)|Rognitzium]]<ref name="Chytraeus 1593">Chytraeus, D. (1593). ''Chronicon Saxoniae et vicinarum aliquot gentium: ab anno Christi 1500 usque ad 1593''. Impensis haeredum Iacobi Lucii.</ref> | | ''Rögnitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Danubius)|Rota Danubii]]<ref name="Rota Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' seu ''Roth am Sand'' seu ''Roth bei Nürnberg'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Snudra]]<ref name="Snudra">Vide [https://www.philol.uni-leipzig.de/fileadmin/Fakult%C3%A4t_Philo/Namenberatungsstelle/NBS_Webseite/Onomastica_Lipsiensia_Band07_Alt-Leipzig_und_das_Leipziger_Land_2010.pdf ''Alt-Leipzig und das Leipziger Land''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Schnauder''', die, r → Weißen Elster sö. Groitzsch. 1104 ''infra Wiram et Snudram'', (...).</ref> | | ''Schnauder'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | | ''Stepenitz'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welse (Viadrus)|Welse Viadri]] | | ''Welse'' | align="right" | 52 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba">Vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chambe]]<ref name="Chambe">Vide [https://www.ffw-hof.de/chronik/entstehung-der-ortschaft-hof.html ''Entstehung der Ortschaft Hof''], ubi dicitur "(...) “Cella ad Chambe super regnum flumen“ (Klösterlein bei Chamb am Regenfluss) (...)".</ref> | | ''Chamb'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eltingmuhlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eltingmühlenbach'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | Gaspenza<ref name=Gr/> | ''Gersprenz'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinckalta]]<ref name="Sinckalta">Vide [https://books.google.es/books?id=8d5lAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=flumen+%22Singold%22&source=bl&ots=qEiD_QX4Mw&sig=ACfU3U1wTsemX_SdGib3RWUmMUyhhHHpqQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS3-qvnb6HAxXkVfEDHXWxB40Q6AF6BAgqEAM#v=onepage&q=flumen%20%22Singold%22&f=false ''Jahrs-Bericht des historischen Vereins im Oberdonau-Kreise''], ubi dicitur "(...) Inde ad flumen ''Sinckalta'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Singold'' | align="right" | 51 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alasenza (flumen)|Alasenza]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | Alisinza<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | ''Alsenz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Arguna Superior]]<ref name="ArgSup">Fingitur hoc nomen Latino e nomine fluminis Argunae (Theodisce ''Argen'') et versione adiectivi ''Untere'', "superior-ius". </ref> | | ''Obere Argen'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Arguna]]<ref name="Arguna"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html ''Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch: ''], ubi dicitur "(...) Schwarzbachs, l.z. Blies (z. Saar z. Mosel z. Rhein). – 1180 Burchalben, (...)" et [https://books.google.es/books?id=I-9aAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA351&lpg=PA351&dq=Burchalben&source=bl&ots=vXYbdT7nPZ&sig=ACfU3U2vjL9nMi7VLCnfIdvQe0tDfpo3tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiPv6n0x76HAxUMVKQEHVe7F04Q6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Burchalben&f=false ''Subsidia diplomatica ad selecta juris ecclesiastici Germaniae et...''], ubi dicitur "(...) in confinio ''Vosagi'' situm, rivulis scilicet: ''Hermanesbach, Mosalben, & Burchalben'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Burgalb'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Blesa (tributarius Saravi)|Blesa]]<ref name="Blesa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clana (Ambra)|Clana Ambrae]]<ref name="Clana Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ihren Namen hat der Fluss aus dem keltischen: „Glanos“, das heißt rein und glänzend, oder „glana“, was so viel wie die „Reine, Heilige“ bedeutet. Die Römer haben diesen Namen übernommen. In Urkunden um das Jahr 770 wurde der Fluss mit „Clana“ bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Delvunda]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Delvenau'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Deya]]<ref name="Deya">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyach_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Auch in älteren Berichten findet sich die Bezeichnung „Deya“, so in der Topographia Sueviae von Matthäus Merian von 1643/1656 (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hisne]]<ref name="Hisne">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ise_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird die Ise im Jahr 786 (''in ortum Hisne'') urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ise'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hollerbacum (Morre)|Hollerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hollerbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mosacus (Isara)|Mosacus]]<ref name=Gr/> | Mosa<ref name=Gr/> | ''Moosach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling"/> | Mimilingum<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelinga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimininga<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Mimelingen<ref name="Mümling"/> seu Minimingaha<ref name="Mümling"/> | ''Mümling'' seu ''Mömling'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | | ''Nethe'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nieplitz]] | | ''Nieplitz'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Nuthe]]<ref name="Nuthe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riousiaoua#Etymologisches "Riousiaoua"] apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam, ubi dicitur "(...) Albrecht Greule setzt den Namen mit dem Flussnamen Riß gleich, der in den ältesten Erwähnungen als ''Riussaiam'' (anno 1293) erscheint. (...)".</ref> | | ''Riß'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzaha (Rhenus)|Salzaha Rheni]]<ref name="Saalbach Salzaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saalbach_(Rhein)#Namen_und_Definitionen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Lorscher Codex wird das Gewässer 769 ''fluvius Salzaha'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Saalbach'' seu ''Salbach'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa">Vide [http://www.lateinboard.de/topic,4345,-uebersetzung-von-latein-in-deutsch-einer-schenkungsurkunde-vo.html ''Übersetzung von latein in deutsch einer Schenkungsurkunde vo''], ubi dicitur "(...) usque ad locum ubi Urdefa (der Fluss Urft; derVerfasser) cadit (...)".</ref> | | ''Urft'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursna]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | Orsna<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ahse'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Volme]] | | ''Volme'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zenna (flumen)|Zenna]]<ref name="Zenna">Nomen homonymo ex oppidulo apud [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=224&cq=Novigrad%20%E2%9D%ACIstrien%E2%9D%AD%20=%20Cittanova%20d%27Istria&lang=de Bavarikon].</ref> | | ''Zenn'' | align="right" | 50 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 49 et 40 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Ersene]]<ref name="Ersene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aue_und_Erse#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Erse wird 1335 zum ersten Mal schriftlich genannt (''in fluvio Ersene'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Aue'' seu ''Erse'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Fuhse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erubris]]<ref name="Erubris">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruwer articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Ruwer''' (lat.: ''Erubris, Rubora'') (...)".</ref> | Rubora<ref name="Erubris"/> | ''Ruwer'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | | ''Gennach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Wertaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hamma (flumen)|Hamma]]<ref name="Hamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1331 (a flumine Hamma) erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hamme'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Lesmonia]]<ref name="Lesum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice">Vide [https://nlp.fi.muni.cz/projekty/ahisto/portal/book/1244?lpage=84&search=mohelnice Codex diplomaticus et epistolaris Regni Bohemiae], ubi dicitur "(...) Fortasse Žadlovice apud Loštice, a Mohelnice (Müglitz) meridiem versus (...)".</ref> | Müglitz<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | ''Müglitz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sülz (flumen)|Sülz]] | | ''Sülz'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Uchte]] | |''Uchte'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alanda (fluvius)|Alanda]]<ref name="Riedel 1841">Riedel, A. F. (1841). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften für die Geschichte der Mark Brandenburg und ihrer Regenten'' (Haupttheil I, Band 1). F. H. Morin.</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ussbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Üßbach'' seu ''Ueßbach'' seu ''Üssbach'' | align="right" | 49 | [[Alf (flumen)|Alf]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BChler_(Fluss)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Bühler wird 1024 als ''Bilerna'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bühler'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dreisam#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen sind von 864 (''Dreisima'') und 1008 (''Treisama'') (...)".</ref> | Treisama<ref name="Dreisima"/> |''Dreisam'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gugelitz]]<ref name="Gugelitz">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A4glitz_(Prignitz)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt aus dem Jahr 1259 (''aquam … Gugelitz'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Jäglitz'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Karthana]]<ref name="Karthana">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karthane#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahr 1274 (''supra karthanam'') (...)".</ref> | |''Karthane'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Stepenitz (Albis)|Stepenitz Albis]]<ref name="Stepenitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma">Vide [https://www.cloeser.org/gewaesser/Gewaesser_Harz_0.8.pdf cloeser.org], ubi dicitur "(...) die Ausgangsform ist aufgrund des erst ab dem 12. Jahrhundert in Form von „Ruma“ urkundlich überlieferten Namens nicht bestimmbar (...)".</ref> | |''Rhume'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Striegis Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Herkunft: (über Stregus, Striguz (...)".</ref> | Striguz<ref name="Stregus"/> |''Große Striegis'' seu ''Striegis'' | align="right" | 48 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach|Eberbach Radiantiae]]<ref name="Eberbach">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | |''Rauhe Ebrach'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gliniza]]<ref name="Gliniza">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=43a98bb4673fd18f&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWIIODv_ebdbY2kK1Pfejy7VR1TeitQ:1726352083389&q=%22Glinizam%22+Glems&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib8b_VusOIAxWBQPEDHRUMCUoQ5t4CegQIGxAB&biw=1280&bih=587&dpr=1.5 hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) usque in Glinizam locum,. 1172 (Kopie 19. Jh ... Glems, die r.z. Enz (z. Neckar z. Rhein) ... der Glems, GauN. 769 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Glemisgouwe (...)".</ref> | | ''Glems'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holtemna]]<ref name="Holtemna">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holtemme#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den mittelalterlichen Urkunden wurde der Fluss ''Holtemna'' (ca. 1050, 1184), ''Holtempna'' (ca. 1150, 1230, 1241, 1277), ''Holtemne'' (1373, 1378) (...)".</ref> | Holtempna<ref name="Holtemna"/> seu Holtemne<ref name="Holtemna"/> |''Holtemme'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Hoyerswerdendis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)"; cui autem adiectivo, confer [https://archive.org/stream/aeltereuniversi00friegoog/aeltereuniversi00friegoog_djvu.txt Aeltere universitäts matrikeln], ubi dicitur "(...) Martinas Sacreiz Hoyerswerdensis Lasatas (...)".</ref> | |''Hoyerswerdaer Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Villa (flumen)|Villa]]<ref name="Villa">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weil_(Lahn)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Weil ist wahrscheinlich vom lateinischen Wort ''villa'' (= Dorf) abgeleite (...)".</ref> | |''Weil'' | align="right" | 47 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Steinfurtensis]]<ref name="Aa Stein">Fingitur hoc nomen ex nomine fluminum Westphaliensium "Aa" apud {{Lexicon Universale}} et ex adiectivo derivato a toponymo "Steinfurtum" apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Steinfurter Aa'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Brienna (flumen)|Brienna]]<ref name="Brienna">Vide [https://epub.uni-regensburg.de/31392/1/Katalog%20der%20romanischen%20Ortsnamen%20in%20Bayern.pdf Katalog der romanischen Ortsnamen in Bayern], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Prien''' am Chiemsee (Lkr. Rosenheim), Flussname ca.1130-ca.1150 ''iuxta Briennam riuolum'' < kelt. *''Brigesnā'' ‘Bergbach’. (...)".</ref> | |''Prien'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lacus Chiemensis]]<ref name="Chiemensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenne#Geschichte_und_Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name „Haustenbach“ findet sich bereits als ''Hassenbeck flu.'' auf einer um 1620 entstandenen Karte des Kartographen Johannes Gigas (...)".</ref> | | ''Glenne'' seu ''Haustenbach'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pregin]]<ref name="Pregin">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breg#Namensherkunft articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die Breg wurde erstmals 1152/86 in einer lateinischen Quelle (''apud pregin'' „bei der Breg“) erwähnt, 1234 dann als „Brega“ (...)".</ref> | Brega<ref name="Pregin"/> | ''Breg'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigach#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Fluss wird 1084 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''ab fontibus Brichena'') (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | Radantia<ref name="Radantia">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rednitz#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In schriftlichen Quellen erschien der Fluss erstmals im 8. Jahrhundert mit der lateinischen Bezeichnung ''Radantia''. Im 11. Jahrhundert wurde der Name des Flusses als ''Ratenza'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> seu Ratenza<ref name="Radantia"/> |''Rednitz'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Radiantia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sualmus]]<ref name="Sualmus">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240406062517/https://s852e6eb4f35541c9.jimcontent.com/ Nederlandse waternamen deel 1], ubi dicitur "(...) De Limburgse ''Zwalm'' is een zijrivier van de Mass, (...) welk dorp reeds in de 12de eeuw vermeld wordt als ''de Sualmo'' (...) a. 1238 als ''Salmen'' (...)".</ref> | Sualmum<ref name="Sualmus"/> seu Salmen<ref name="Sualmus"/> | ''Schwalm'' | align="right" | 46 | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_2/bub_gb_XpMOAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Quellen der westfälischen geschichte], ubi dicitur "(...) Ante portam in ipso flumine Bigge (...)".</ref> | | ''Bigge'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bröl]] | | ''Bröl'' seu ''Brölbach'' seu ''Homburgische Bröl'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Delme (flumen)|Delme]] | | ''Delme'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hurwinaffa]]<ref name="Horloff">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horloff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Horloff leitet sich von althd. mit der Bedeutung horawin = sumpfig her. Weitere Namensformen sind „Hurwinaffa“ im 8. Jahrhundert und „Hurlyphe“ (1263).[4] Der Bestandteil -off gehört zur -apa-Namensgruppe. Alternative Etymologien gehen aufgrund der Nennungen wie „Hurnufa“ (951) oder „Hornipha“ (1183) (...)".</ref> | Hurlyphe,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hurnufa,<ref name="Horloff"/> Hornipha<ref name="Horloff"/> | ''Horloff'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kirnitzsch]] | | ''Kirnitzsch'' seu ''Kirnischt'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Malxe]] | | ''Malxe'' | align="right" | 45 | [[Nissa (flumen)|Nissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ach (Ambra)|Ach Ambrae]] | | ''Ach'' seu ''Bärenbach'' seu ''Gitzenbach'' seu ''Glötzenbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alba (Rhenus Altus)|Alba Altorhenana]]<ref name="Alba Altorhenana">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Albā Rheni Superioris. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Alb, die''' – 1Alb, Obere~, r.z. Rhein (...) 983 ''ortus Albae,'' 1018 ''Alba'', 1065 ''influit Albam, ad ortum Albae, Alba'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alb'' seu ''Hauensteiner Alb'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bega (Wachna)|Bega]] | | ''Bega'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fossa Nigra (Albis)|Fossa Nigra Albis]]<ref name="Fossa Nigra Albis">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarzer Graben'' seu ''Schwarzer Bach'' seu ''Weinske'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Holzbacum (Wida)|Holzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Holzbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Wida (flumen)|Wida Rheni]]<ref name="Wida"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lapara alba|Lapara Alba]]<ref name="Lapara"/> | | ''Weiße Laber'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossa_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lossa'' wird 1140 als ''Laz'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Im Mittelhochdeutschen bedeutet ''laz'' 'lasch, trage'. Der Name ist daher als „das träge Gewässer“ zu deute (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lazses<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Lazs<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Laze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lossa'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mutdaha|Můtdaha]]<ref name="Mutdaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird die Modua 804 („iuxta fluvium Můtdaha“) (...)".</ref> | Modua<ref name="Mutdaha"/> | ''Modau'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotton]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotonus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotonum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rotono<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rothemun<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu | ''Rottum'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Salzaha)|Sura Salzahae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Sur'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wiza]]<ref name="Wiza">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Wiesbach''-> Nahe (XII^e siècle ''Wiza'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiesbach'' | align="right" | 44 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa (Monasterium)|Aa Monasteriensis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | | ''Münstersche Aa'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ilisina]]<ref name="Ilisina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilse_(Oker)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird der Fluss im Jahr 1108 (Ilisina) urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilse'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lune (Visurgis)|Lune]] | | ''Lune'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Indistrae]]<ref name="Netha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Primma]]<ref name="Primma">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Pfrimm, die l.z. Rhein (...) super fluvium Primma (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfrimm'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...)".</ref> | Starzell Niceri<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zuist]]<ref name="Zuist">Vide [https://de.wiktionary.org/wiki/Swist Victionarium Theodiscum], ubi dicitur "(...) Zuist (Anno 1180), Scuyst (Anno 1223), Zuist (Anno 1283), Zvist (...)".</ref> | Scuyst<ref name="Zuist"/> seu Zvist<ref name="Zuist"/> | ''Swist'' seu ''Swistbach'' | align="right" | 43 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Tollense)|Augraben Tollensense]]<ref name="Augraben Tollensense">Vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Cocherae]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Brettach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ennepe]]<ref name="Ennepe">Vide [https://www.gevelsberg.de/media/custom/3061_1280_1.PDF?1571846512 Gevelsberger Geschichte(n)], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta flumen quod Ennepe dicitur (...)".</ref> | | ''Ennepe'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Volme]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fedarhaun (Alba)|Fedarhaun Albae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Federbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Alba (Rhenus superior)|Alba Rheni Superioris]]<ref name="Alba"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feldaha (Weraha)|Feldaha]]<ref name="Feldaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felda_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Erstbeleg im Jahr 786 wird der Fluss ''Feldaha'' genanntt (...)".</ref> | | ''Felda'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geeste (flumen)|Geeste]]<ref name="Geeste">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ultra flumen Geeste (...)".</ref> | | ''Geeste'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klosterbacum (Othmunda)|Klosterbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Klosterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linde (Tollense)|Linde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Linne<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Linde'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Danubius)|Lutra Danubii]]<ref name="Lutra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Große Lauter'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Naba Pinifera]]<ref name="Naba Pinifera">Fingitur hoc nomen e flumine Nabā (cui vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naab#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die frühesten Belege sind ''Nabas'' (700), ''Napa'' (885), ''Naba'' (885), ''Nabe'' (1199) und ''Nab'' (1245), (...)") et versione adiectivo praeposito ''Fichtel-'' -ad [[Montes Piniferi|Montes Piniferos]] (Theodisce ''Fichtelgebirge''), secundum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fichtelnaab#Name articulum hoc de flumini apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], referente-.</ref> | | ''Fichtelnaab'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Piparodi]]<ref name="Piparodi">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibert#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 810 („duo flumina … Piparodi“) erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Das altbairische ''Pipar-odi'' bedeutet „Einöde, in der sich Biber aufhalten“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Bibert'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sevina]]<ref name="Sevina">Vide [https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/36682 FOLIA ONOMASTICA CROATICA 12–13 (2003–2004)], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Seeve'' bei Hamburg, 1202 ''Sevinam'', 1203 ''vsque Seuinam'', 13. Jh. ''per Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | Sevena<ref name="Sevina"/> |''Seeve'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Streu (Sala Moeni)|Streu]]<ref name="Streu">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streu_(Fr%C3%A4nkische_Saale)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Auf einer Landkarte von 1628 trägt der gesamte Flusslauf bis Gemünden den Namen „Straÿ Flu“ (Streu Flumen) (...)".</ref> | Strewe<ref name="Streu"/> seu Strowa<ref name="Streu"/> seu Straÿ<ref name="Streu"/> |''Streu'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Utrana (Michelsbacum)|Utrana]]<ref name="Utrana">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=5f79ce677043d4b2&sca_upv=1&sxsrf=ADLYWILyBcSCkYpeCCX-0ZFbac7ATwZ9zQ:1726433592791&q=Otterbach+%22Utrana%22&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjD_Zqo6sWIAxXQ2gIHHXBaCYsQ5t4CegQIFRAB&biw=1280&bih=546&dpr=1.5 hunc exitum] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Utrana 'Otterbach' (...)".</ref> | | ''Otterbach'' | align="right" | 42 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chessel]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Kessel'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elbbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Sanctus (Germania et Cechia)|Fluvius Sanctus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755"/> | Zuata<ref name="Zuata"/> seu Zvatowa<ref name="Zuata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwota_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wird das Gewässer als ''Zvatowa'' in der Weiheurkunde der Plauener St. Johanniskirche von 1122 erwähnt, darin ist sie Teil der Grenze des zugehörigen Kirchsprengels, des Dobnagaus, und damit gleichzeitig Südgrenze des Bistums Naumburg.[7][8] Ebenso wird die Zwota als ''Zuata'' in den Grenzbeschreibungen des Schönbacher Ländchens von 1181 und 1185 erwähn (...)".</ref> | ''Zwota'' seu ''Zwodau'' seu ''Zwotau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Agara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mesna]]<ref name="Mesna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mei%C3%9Fe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Hydronym ist in einer lateinischen Urkunde von 1296 als mesnam erstmals verschriftlicht worden (...)".</ref> | | ''Meiße'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pene (flumen)|Pene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ostpeene'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pinnau]] | | ''Pinnau'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulzach]]<ref name="Sulzach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_wRssAAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt Archiv des Historischen Vereins von Unterfranken und Aschaffenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) quidquid ex una parte fluvii Sulzach situm existit de pratis (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulzach'' | align="right" | 41 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Apula (fluvius)|Apula]]<ref name="Apula">Vide [https://www.gutenberg.org/files/35900/35900-h/35900-h.htm], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Germany''. Apula, 9th cent. The Appel(bach). (...)".</ref> | | ''Appelbach'' seu ''Appel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aschaha]]<ref name="Aschaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascha_(Schwarzach)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ascha (ursprünglich: Aschaha, dann: Aschach) (...)".</ref> | Aschach<ref name="Aschaha"/> | ''Ascha'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Dorf Attel wurde bereits 806 als ''Atulla'' urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Attel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Biverna (Amisia)|Biverna Amisiae]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Amisiae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Brichena]]<ref name="Brigach"/> | | ''Brigach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dune (Wippera)|Důne]]<ref name="Dune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dh%C3%BCnn_(Wupper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name (1295 ''Důne'') leitet sich vom ahd. Wort ''tuni'' für 'Dröhnen, Getöse' ab. Entsprechend war die ursprüngliche Bedeutung 'wo das Wasser tost' (...)".</ref> | | ''Dhünn'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ehle]] | | ''Ehle'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eitraha]]<ref name="Eitraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Iller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt erstmals im Jahr 838 als ''Eitraha'' schriftlich in Erscheinung, (...)".</ref> | | ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Erphe]]<ref name="Erphe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erf_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg der Erf fand 1234 als Erphe statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Erfa'' seu ''Erf'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Nudus]]<ref name="Schöttgen & Kreysig 1755">Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C. (1755). ''Diplomataria et scriptores historiae Germanicae medii aevi''. Altenburgi: Richter.</ref> | Golz<ref name="Golz">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6ltzsch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Gewässers trat erstmals 1122 als „ad aquam Golz“ (...)".</ref> | ''Göltzsch'' seu ''Göltsch'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gelbach'' seu ''Gelber Bach'' seu ''Gehlbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emsbach_(Lahn,_Limburg)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen nennen den Fluss ''Hemisa'' (Jahr 795) bzw. ''Emisa'' (805). (...)".</ref> | Emisa<ref name="Hemisa"/> | ''Emsbach'' seu ''Ems'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hessel]] | |''Hessel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mandavia]]<ref name="Mandavia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandau#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Damals gab es auch einen Zittauer Stadtteil Mandow und eine porta Mandauie = Mandau-Pforte (...)".</ref> | |''Mandau'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Nissa Lusatianus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Motel (Schilde)|Motel]] | |''Motel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Neffelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Neffelbach'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schaale#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Schaale wird in einer Urkunde von 1279 als ''Scalen'' erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | |''Schaale'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Zuda (flumen)|Zuda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schilde (Scalen)|Schilde]] | |''Schilde'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Scalen]]<ref name="Scalen"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Stederau]] | | ''Stederau'' seu ''Bokeler Bach'' seu ''Röhrser Bach'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina Dimelensis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Twista Dimelensis">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Twista Dimelensis seu Tuistai Dimelenses seu Tuista Dimelensis seu Twiste Dimelense seu Tuiste Dimelense seu Thuiste Dimelense seu Tuisten Dimelense |''Twiste'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Tussale]]<ref name="Tussale">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCssel#Etymologie articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1065 wird der Bach als ''Tussale'' (die Brausende, Rauschende, Tosende) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Düssel'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wipfra (flumen)|Wipfra]] | |''Wipfra'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wirma|Wirma Ambrae]]<ref name="Wirma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%BCrm_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Streu wurde im 8. Jahrhundert „Streuue“ und um das Jahr 1030 „Strouua“ geschrieben (...) Der Flussname Würm ist erstmals bezeugt als Uuirma im Jahre 772 und später als Wirmiseo ‚Würmsee‘ (910), Vuirama (956/957), Wirmina (1056), (...)".</ref> | Wirama<ref name="Wirma"/> seu Wirmina<ref name="Wirma"/> |''Würm'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zorga<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zorge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Zorge'' | align="right" | 40 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 39 et 35 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Aiterach'' seu ''Aitrach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Andrefa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Antrafa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antrefa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Antreffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Antrift'' seu ''Antreff'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eckbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Eckbach'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Neugraben'' seu ''Leininger Graben'' seu ''Eck'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elantia]]<ref name="Elantia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elz_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die römische Auxiliareinheit „Numerus Brittonum Elantiensium“ beinhaltet die erste belegte Nennung des Namens Elz (...)".</ref> | | ''Elz'' seu ''Elzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ludra,<ref name=Gr/> Luterata,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutraha,<ref name=Gr/> Hlutra<ref name=Gr/> |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittelradde]] | | ''Mittelradde'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuthe (Albis)|Nuthe Albis]] | |''Nuthe'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Owe Bocense]]<ref name="Owe Bocense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" et adiectivo "Bocensis-e". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". De adiectivo "Bocensis-e", vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Audan Bocense<ref name="Owe Bocense"/> |''Bückeburger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Arnefa)|Rotbacum Arnefae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Nöthener Siefen'' seu ''Schliebach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' seu ''Bruchbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Arnefa]]<ref name="Arnefa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Szwartowe]]<ref name="Szwartowe">Vide [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_2TwOAAAAQAAJ Codex diplomaticus Lubecensis], ubi dicitur "(...) quoque in szwartowe a nobis (...)".</ref><ref name="Szw">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwartauhoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam]{{Nexus deficit|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet sich in einer Urkunde des dänischen Königs Waldemar aus dem Jahr 1215 (''szwartowe'') (...)".</ref> | |''Schwartau'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zwonitium (flumen)|Zwonitium]]<ref name="Mencke 1728">Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum, in quibus scriptores aliquot rariotes nusquam adhuc editi''. [[Lipsia]]e: E. Martini; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Tomus I). Lipsiae: Ioannes Christianus Martinus; et: Mencke, J. B. (1728). ''Scriptores rerum Germanicarum, praecipue Saxonicarum'' (Vol. 2). Sumptibus Ioannis Christiani Martini.</ref> | |''Zwönitz'' seu ''Zwönitzbach'' | align="right" | 39 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aach Stockense]]<ref name="ASto">Gentilicium "Stockense" ad [[Stockach|Stockam]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Stockacher Aach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Angel (flumen)|Angel]] | | ''Angel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | | ''Bobritzsch'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Chira (fluvius)|Chira]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> | Kira<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |''Hahnenbach'' seu ''Meinbach'' seu ''Altbach'' seu ''Idarbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769">Kremer, C. J. (1769). ''Origines Naborenses sive documenta ad illustrandam historiam palatinam''. Ex Typographia Electorali.</ref> | Klingbacus<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> seu Clingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775">Academia Electoralis Theodoro-Palatina. (1775). Historia et commentationes Academiae electoralis scientiarum et elegantiorum literarum Theodoro-Palatinae: Tomus III. Typis Academicis.</ref> seu Klingbach<ref name="AETP III 1775"/> |'' Klingbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ephisa]]<ref name="Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.). (1844). ''Codex diplomaticus Fuldensis''. Theodor Fischer. </ref> | [[Effese]]<ref name="Effese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter wurde die Efze als Effese bezeichne (...)".</ref><ref name="Effese2">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 240 Effese, 1250 ad fluvium … Effese (...)".</ref> |''Efze'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Eschach (Nicer)|Eschach Niceri]] | |''Eschach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Glatt'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Großer Dieckfluss]] | |''Großer Dieckfluss'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Isina]]<ref name="Isina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eisbach_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich erwähnt wurde die Eis in einer Urkunde des Lorscher Codex aus dem Jahre 766, wo sie ''Isina'' heißt (...)".</ref> | |''Eisbach'' seu ''Eis'' seu ''Altbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lachte]] | |''Lachte'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Leimbacum (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbacum Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bruowelense">Gentilicium "Bruowelense" ad oppidum [[Brühl (Badenia)|Bruowele]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Leimbach'' seu ''Bettelbach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1486 als die Orcken erstmals schriftlich erwähnt. Die gleichnamigen Orte Nieder- bzw. Oberorke erscheinen in den schriftlichen Aufzeichnungen schon im Jahr 1016 als Orcana. Die Deutung des Namens ist unsicher (...)".</ref> | | ''Orke'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Regana Alba]]<ref name="Regana Alba">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regen_(river)#Etymology hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur " The Romans called the river variously ''Regana'' (feminine gender), ''Reganus'' (masculine), and ''Reganum'' (neuter)". Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weißer'' vertit.</ref> | Reganus Albus<ref name="Regana Alba"/> seu Reganum Album<ref name="Regana Alba"/> | ''Weißer Regen'' seu ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Regana]]<ref name="Regana"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Russella|Russella Saravi]]<ref name=Gr/> | Musella Saravi<ref name=Gr/> seu Roussella<ref name="Rousella">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossel_(Saar)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ältere Namen des Flusses sind Roussella (1268), Russella, Rusella (1544) (...)".</ref> seu Rusella |''Rossel'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sosa (flumen)|Sosa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Söse'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vechne]] | |''Vehne'' | align="right" | 38 | [[Owe (Lacus Zwischenahnensis)|Owe Zwischenahnense]]<ref name="Owe de Bad Zwischenahn">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivum "Zwischenahnense" homonymum ad lacum [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses|Aquas Zwischenahnenses]] attingentem refert.</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ad Lunam]]<ref name="Ad Lunam">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lone#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In der Römerzeit wurde ein Kastell nach dem Fluss benannt („Ad Lunam“) (...)".</ref> | |''Lone'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hurwin]]<ref name="Hürbe">Vide [https://elib.uni-stuttgart.de/bitstream/11682/5853/1/Uni_63.pdf Ortsnamenforschung in Südwestdeutschland], ubi dicitur "(...) Hürbe, z. Brenz z. Donau, 1171 ''de Hurwin'' (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eger_(W%C3%B6rnitz)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung findet die Eger im Jahr 760 als ''Agira'' (...)".</ref> | |''Eger'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) 218 silva que iuncta est Arle (...)".</ref> | |''Arlau'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Berste]] | |''Berste'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bibara (Danubius)|Bibara]]<ref name="Bibara Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Danubii">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Danubii"/> |''Biber'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | |'' Chemnitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Glotyr]]<ref name="Glotyr">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) n valle Glotern, 1297 vallem Glotyri, (...)".</ref> | Glotyrus<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotyrum<ref name="Glotyr"/> seu Glotern<ref name="Glotyr"/> | ''Glotter'' seu ''Glotterbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lethe (Hunta)|Lethe]] | | ''Lethe'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Hunta]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nuhne]] | |''Nuhne'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Raodhaha|Raodhaha Cocherae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule.</ref> | Rotaha Cocherae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Rota<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Fichtenberger Rot'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seemenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Seemenbach'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Nidder]]<ref name="Nidder"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Selbitz]] | |''Selbitz'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Triebisch'' | align="right" | 37 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ach Cassiliacense]]<ref name="Cassiliacum">Gentilicium "Cassiliacensis-e" ad urbem Cassiliacum refertur. Huic Latino toponymo, vide [articulum huius urbis apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste Besiedlung bereits in der Steinzeit ist durch Funde an der Iller bei Ferthofen belegt.^[7] Erste Baufunde stammen aus der Römerzeit. Vermutlich befand sich dort ein kleiner Wacht- und Siedlungsposten. Hierfür kommen zwei Namen, ''Cassiliacum''^[8] oder ''Viaca'' (...)".</ref> | |''Memminger Ach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Rhenus)|Angere Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Angeren Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angera Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Anger Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Angero Rheni<ref name="Angero">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> |''Angerbach'' seu ''Anger'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drahonum]]<ref name="Drahonum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhron#Namehoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ersten schriftlichen Nennungen sind: Drahonum (Ende 4. Jh.) Drona (752) Troganus (802) Drogana (949) (...)".</ref> | Drona<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Troganus<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Drogana<ref name="Drahonum"/> seu Trogona<ref name="Gudenus 1743">Gudenus, V. F. (1743). ''Codex diplomaticus: exhibens anecdota Moguntiaca, iura, provincias, et adiacentes regiones'' (Vol. 1). Typis Ioannis Baptistae.</ref> |''Dhron'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Isana (Rhenus)|Isana Rhenana]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Isenach'' seu ''Morschbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCder_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 820 (''flumen … luder'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Lüder'' seu ''Lüderbach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Meisaha]]<ref name="Meisaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisach_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Maisach, 853 erstmals erwähnt als ''Meisaha'', setzt sich zusammen aus althochdeutsch aha ‚Wasser, Wasserlauf, Fluss (...)".</ref> | |''Maisach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Milize]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Militz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milze<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Milizi<ref name="Milizi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Milz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Alara)|Nigra Aqua Alarae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Alarae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui substantivo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | |''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Molendinarius Fredersdorfensis]]<ref name="Mühlenfließ">Theodisca vox ''Mühlenfließ'' in Latinam "Rivulus Molendinarius" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Hoffmann, C. G., auctore (1734). ''Scriptores Rerum Lusaticarum''. Lipsiae & Budissae: David Richter.</ref> | | ''Fredersdorfer Mühlenfließ'' seu ''Senitz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice">Fingitur hoc hydronymum ex adiectivo "rubrum" (Theodisce ''Rote'') et nomine Latino "Bistrice". De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Rubrum Buistrizi<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wisteritz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> seu Rubrum Wistricz<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> |''Rote Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Vutahe)|Steina Vutahis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Steina'' seu ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vilisa (Licus)|Vilisa Lici]]<ref name="Vilisa Lici">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Vilisā Danubii. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Vilsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Filsa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Philisa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilosa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> seu Vilusa<ref name="Vilisa Lici"/> |''Vils'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | |''Wehre'' seu ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 36 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]]<ref name="Bardia">Vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=21&cq=d&lang=en bavarikon.de], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Bardia fluvius:''' Barthe, Fl. in Deutschland, Mü: Barther Bodden (...)".</ref> | |''Barthe'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Bodden Bardense]] | [[Bardia (flumen)|Bardia]] |- | [[Else]] | | ''Else'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glane (Amisia)|Glane]] | | ''Glane'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buckau]] | | ''Buckau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hasela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Haselach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Haslach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Haßlach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutaraha]]<ref name="Lutaraha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://www.yumpu.com/de/document/read/5481494/sankt-oswald-baunach-pfarrei-st-oswald-baunach ''Sankt Oswald Baunach''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eine erste geschichtliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen „Lutaraha“ fand man aus dem Jahr 853 (...)".</ref> | |''Lauterach'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nibalgaunensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Nibalgavia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibalcoge<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibulgauva<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Nibilgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Eschach'' seu ''Niebel'' seu ''Nibel'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Aitra (Danubius)|Aitra Danubii]]<ref name="Aitra"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Orlah]]<ref name="Orlah">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orla#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1192 als Orlah erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orla'' seu ''Orlah'' seu ''Orlau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Scutura<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schutter'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sevena (Odera)|Sevena Oderae]]<ref name="Sevena">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2010_num_52_1_1535 Les hydronymes paléoeuropéens et la question de l'origine des Celtes], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Sieber,'' lieu et fleuve de la Harz, 1287 ''inter ... Oderam et Sevenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sieber'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Thuite]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Dhute<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Düte'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wipperau]] | | ''Wipperau'' | align="right" | 35 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 34 et 30 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Acarse]]<ref name="Acarse">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240919231438/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/index.php?f=lemmaFull&langType=reviews&lemmaID=3286 Köbler, Gerhard,as in der deutschen Ortsgeschichte, 2016], ubi dicitur "(...) Axtbach (M.) bzw. Beilerbach-Ems, 11. Jh., bei Beelen bei Warendorf, F1-60 AK (?) Acarse, Acarse Erh. Nr. 917 (um 1030) (...)".</ref> | | ''Axtbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Apphilste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Apphilstede<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Aphelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Appelste<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Apfelstädt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Auma]] | | ''Auma'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Wyda (flumen)|Wyda]]<ref name="Wyda"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Michelsbacum)|Erlenbacum Michelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eymese]]<ref name="Eymese">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ems_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1401 zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (''Eymese'') (...)".</ref> | |''Ems'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Glatta (Nicer)|Glatta Niceri]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Glatt'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia">Vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bad_Gottleuba-Berggie%C3%9Fh%C3%BCbel#Gottleuba homonymo de oppido apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Gottleuba was first mentioned in 1363 as ''Gotlavia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Gottleuba'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hotepe]]<ref name="Hotepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoppecke#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Am Erstbeleg des Ortes Hoppecke von 1113 als ''Hotepe'' wird ersichtlich (...)".</ref> | | ''Hoppecke'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Moraha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Můraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Murach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Radegast (Stepenitz)|Radegast]]<ref name="Radegast">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002847 Die slavischen Ortsnamen in Meklenburg], ubi dicitur "(...) Radegast, Nebenfluß der Stepenitz, 1188, 1202 Radagost, 1255 aqua Radegast, 1258 fluuius Radegost, 1262 Rodogost, 1310 aqua Radagast, (...)".</ref> | Radagost seu Radegost seu Rodogost seu Radagast | ''Radegast'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Stepenitz (Trabena)|Stepenitz Trabenae]] | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Roda (Albis)|Roda]] | | ''Roda'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schleuse]] | | ''Schleuse'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Schlichem]] | | ''Schlichem'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | |''Usa'' seu ''Us'' seu ''Usbach'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Weteraha]]<ref name="Weteraha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wara (Amana)|Wara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wohra'' | align="right" | 34 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albis (Adrana)|Albis Adranae]]<ref name="Albis Adranae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Elbe'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Elbe'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alina]]<ref name="Alina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellebach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Ersterwähnung des Ortes Ellen als ''Alina'' lässt den ursprünglichen Namen erahnen (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellebach'' seu ''Ellbach'' seu ''Elle'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Viadrus" et variationibus et adiectivo "antiquus-a-um". De hydronymo "Viadrus" vide {{Graesse}} aut [https://eshp.ijp.pan.pl/search/results/226313 Elektroniczny słownik hydronimów Polski] (Polonice), ubi dicitur "Oddere, Odere, Oddera, Oddore 992 RudnickiNO 21-3". Adiectivo "antiquus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | Antiquus Viadus<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Oder<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odagra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odara<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odra<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Odrita<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Adora<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquus Suevus Flavius<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiqua Oddera<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddore<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> seu Antiquum Oddere<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | ''Alte Oder'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armissia]]<ref name="Armissia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erms hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die '''Erms''' (lat. ''Armissia'') (...) Der Name der Erms geht zurück auf das römische ''Armis(s)a'' (...)".</ref> | Armisa seu Armissa | ''Erms'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Guldenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Guldenbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hache (flumen)|Hache]] | | ''Hache'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum">Vide [https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110338591.383/html?lang=en De Gruyter], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Ochtum, die''' (...) 1158 ''inter Othmundam'' (lies ''Ohtmundam'') ''et Wisaram'', 1171 ''usque in Ohtmundam'' (...)".</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Heinbach]]<ref name="Heincbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hainbach_(Woogbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluvio Heinbach'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hainbach'' seu ''Heimbach'' seu ''Wooggraben'' seu ''Krebsbächel'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Woogbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Danubius)|Hostrahun Danubii]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ostraha<ref name="Ostraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | ''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huhnerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hühnerbach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Gennach (flumen)|Gennach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6nne#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1230 wird der Fluss als ''Hune'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hönne'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Ilme'' wird im Jahr 1322 (''Ilmede'') erstmals schriftlich genann (...)".</ref> | | ''Ilme'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Liuzenaha]]<ref name="Liuzenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leitzach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Liuzenaha'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Leitzach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica">Vide [https://pdfcoffee.com/ivo-vukcevic-rex-german-or-um-populos-sclavorum-pdf-free.html Ivo Vukcevic Rex Germanorum populos Sclavorum], ubi dicitur "(...) Lukavica— Longawitzi, 1074 (Loquitz) (...)".</ref> | Longawitzi | ''Loquitz'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lure (flumen)|Lure]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lauer'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "nigrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Schwarze'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Pockau'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nordradde]] | | ''Nordradde'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrn#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 795 als „Oorana fluvius“ erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrn'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | |''Schwäbische Rezat'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tanger (flumen)|Tanger]]<ref name="Tanger">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft/thietmarimersebu00thieuoft_djvu.txt Thietmari Merseburgensis episcopi Chronicon, post editionem Ioh. M. Lappenbergii recognovit Fridericus Kurze"], ubi dicitur "(...) Tanger rivus, qui prope (...)".</ref> | | ''Tanger'' seu ''Vereinigten Tanger'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trebe (Alestra)|Trebe]]<ref name="Trebe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Trieb (Pöhl)#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Waldhufendorf Trieb wurde im Jahr 1441 erstmals urkundlich als „Trebe“ erwähnt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Trieb'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Warme]] | |''Warme'' seu ''Warmebach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Alara)|Wietze Alarae]] | |''Wietze'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wila (Agger)|Wila]]<ref name="Wila">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Wiehl#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) 1131 wurde Wiehl unter dem Namen Wila erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wiehl'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Agger (flumen)|Agger]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Bregenze)|Wissaha Bregenzensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha Bregenzensis<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 33 | [[Bregenze]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ablach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ablach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Boninaha]]<ref name="Boninaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bina#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Bina wurde im Jahr 790 erstmals als ''Boninaha'' schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Bina'' seu ''Binastorfer Mühlbach'' seu ''Gassauer Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kahl'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cruofdero]]<ref name="Cruofdero">Vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Heidenkeller%20korrigiert.pdf Kultspuren aus der Zeit der Völkerwanderung im südlichen Taunus?], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Der Bach Kriftel ist auf keiner heutigen Karte mehr zu finden, statt dessen läufter unter den Namen Dattenbach, Goldbach, Schwarzbach von den Taunushöhen'' (...) ''Frühe Namensbelege sind: Cruofdero (1043), Kruftelam und Cruftele (um 1250/60), Krüftel (1355); als zugehörige Ortsnamen sind belegt'' Cruftera (780-802), Crufdera, Cruftere, Cruftero (um 800), Cruftero (890), Acruftele (Okriftel 1103), Cruftelo (1226) (...)".</ref> | Kruftela<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftera<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Crufdera<ref name="Cruofdero"/><ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftere<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftero<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Acruftele<ref name="Cruofdero"/> seu Cruftelo<ref name="Cruofdero"/> |''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Dattenbach'' seu ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dorsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Dörsbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dürnach]] | |''Dürnach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Westernach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elison]]<ref name="Elison">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seseke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der römische Geschichtsschreiber Cassius Dio nennt im Zusammenhang mit den Drusus-Feldzügen (12 bis 8 v. Chr.) einen Fluss namens „Elison“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Seseke'' seu ''Sisecke'' seu ''Sesike'' seu ''Zesik'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iazaha (Sinna)|Iazaha]]<ref name="Iazaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ios<ref name="Iazaha"/> | ''Jossa'' seu ''Joßa'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lerna (flumen)|Lerna]]<ref name="Lerna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hase_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''In Lernam'' (786, Fälschung 12. Jh.) ''lerhna'' (um 1320) (...)".</ref> | Lerhna | ''Lehrde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luitra]]<ref name="Luitra">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauter_(Rhein,_Gernsheim)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Für die Lauter wurden auch die Namen Ziegelbach und Luitra verwendet (...)".</ref> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Winkelbach'' seu ''Ziegelbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Melia (flumen)|Melia]]<ref name="Melia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B6hlin_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''iuxta fluvium Melia'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Möhlin'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Murge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Radolfzeller Aach'' seu ''Hegauer Aach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Falconis petra)|Rivulus Niger Falconis Petrae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/><ref name="Falkensteinerbach"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Schwartzbach'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Falconis petra (Cinzele)|Falconis Petra]]<ref name="Falkensteinerbach">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sala (Layna)|Sala Laynae]]<ref name="Sala Laynae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Saale'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Südradde]] | | ''Südradde'' | align="right" | 32 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aha Goetzingensis]]<ref name="Aha Goetzingensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Goetzingensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Götzinger" vertitur.</ref> | |''Götzinger Achen'' seu ''Götzinger Ache'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brachtaha]]<ref name="Brachtaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bracht'' seu ''Hundsbach'' seu ''Horstbach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryck#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „Hildam fluvium“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Ryck'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sinus Gryphiswaldensis]]<ref name="Sinus Gryphiswaldensis">Confer [[Gryphiswalda|urbem]] apud hanc sinum.</ref> | [[Hilda (flumen)|Hilda]]<ref name="Hilda"/> |- | [[Scuntra (Sala Moeni)|Scuntra Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Schondra'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sebnitium (flumen)|Sebnitium]]<ref name="-itium">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-itz'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-itium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Rockelvitium]], [[Denheritium]], [[Groditium]], [[Oelsnitium (Terra Advocatorum)|Oelsnitium]], [[Olnitium (Montes Metalliferi)|Olnitium]], [[Racovitium]] apud [[Index urbium et communium Saxoniae|articulum de indice urbium et ommunium Saxoniae]].</ref> | |''Sebnitz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sulz (Alcmana)|Sulz Alcmanae]] | | ''Sulz'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Veerse]] | | ''Veerse'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wenne]] | |''Wenne'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wolf (flumen)|Wolf]] | | ''Wolf'' seu ''Wolfach'' | align="right" | 31 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpe_(Aller)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg lautete 788 ''Alapam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Alpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Altefeld (flumen)|Altefeld]] | | ''Altefeld'' seu ''Schwarzer Fluss'' seu ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Altfell'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse/zeitschriftfurdi2185unse_djvu.txt Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) et pratum ad duas carratas feni in Andolfspach (...)".</ref> | | ''Andelsbach'' seu ''Andel'' seu ''Andelnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Abilach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aufseß (flumen)|Aufseß]] | |''Aufseß'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wiesent]]<ref name="Wiesent"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Osta)|Biverna Ostae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Beverna Ostae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Branda (flumen)|Branda]]<ref name="Branda">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendlorenzen#Name articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam].</ref> | Brande<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brente<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brante<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenden<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brenten<ref name="Branda"/> seu Brent<ref name="Branda"/> | ''Brend'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Datze]] | | ''Datze'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Tollense]]<ref name="Tollense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dumme Wustrowense]]<ref name="Wustrowense">Gentilicium "Wustrowense" ad [[Wustrow]] refert.</ref> | | ''Wustrower Dumme'' seu ''Dumme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach (Atulla)|Eberbach Atullae]]<ref name="Ebrach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)".</ref> | | ''Ebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Atulla]]<ref name="Attel"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eberbach Medium]]<ref name="Eberbach Medium">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymo "Eberbach" et adiectivo "medius-a-um". De hydronymo "Eberbach" vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rauhe Ebrach, l.z. Regnitz (z. Main), 1297 gegen die Ebrach; Eberbach (indirekt z. Unteren Murg z. Rhein), 1355 ripa Eberbach (...)". Adiectivo "medius-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Mittlere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Mittlere Ebrach'' seu ''Mittelebrach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Eberbach]]<ref name="Eberbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ech]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | E<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ehe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Aich'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Nida)|Erlenbacum Nidae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Feltchrucha]]<ref name=Gr/> | | ''Felda'' seu ''Katharinenbach'' seu ''Sengersbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Amana (flumen)|Amana]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluxus Tygelensis]]<ref name="Fluxus Tygelensis">Theodisca vox ''Fließ'' in Latinam linguam "fluxus-us" vertitur. De gentilicio "Tygelensis-e" vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin-Tegel#Geschichte hunc articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Tegel wird 1322 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt als Kirchdorf ''Tygel''(...)".</ref> | |''Tegeler Fließ'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gerdauge]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gherdou<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gherdowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Gerdow<ref name="Gerdow">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerdau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Gerdau (1352 ''Gerdow'') (...)".</ref> |''Gerdau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Ilmena (Albis)|Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gramma (flumen)|Gramma]]<ref name="Gramma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 1265 wird das Gewässer als Gramma erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gramme'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grindaha]]<ref name="Grindaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCndau_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1173 als ''Grindaha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Gründau'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heller_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits am 24. Juni 1350 wurde die Heller in einer Urkunde als „Helre“ erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Heller'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ileda]]<ref name="Ileda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihle hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1114 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Ileda'') (...)" </ref> | |''Ihle'' | align="right" | 30 | Fossa inter [[Habala]]m<ref name=Gr/> et [[Albis|Albem]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kander (Rhenus)|Kander Rheni]] | | ''Kander'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ketzerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Ketzerbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lumme]]<ref name="Lumme">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumda_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lumda'' wird 1339 als ''Lumme'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)" </ref> | |''Lumda'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Modenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Modenbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salz]]<ref name="Salz">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) in loco, qui dicitur Salz (...)".</ref> | |''Salz'' seu ''Salzbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schiltahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schiltha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltache<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Schiltach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schiltach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sprotte]] | |''Sprotte'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sura (Net Almanae)|Sura Netensis]]<ref name="Sura (Net Almanae)">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Sauer'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vidaue]]<ref name="Vidaue">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Vidaue (...) ponte iuxta Withaue (...)".</ref> | Withaue<ref name="Vidaue"/> |''Weihung'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wahnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahnbach'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisper]] | | ''Wisper'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Worpena]]<ref name="Worpena">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20240924125310/http://www.koeblergerhard.de/wikiling/?f=gold&page=3515 koeblergerhard.de], ubi dicitur "(...) Gewässernamen Wörpe (Worpena 1324) (...)".</ref> | | ''Wörpe'' | align="right" | 30 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 29 et 25 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Clana (Manachfialta)|Clana]]<ref name="Clana Manachfialtae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glonn_(Mangfall)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name taucht 774 erstmals urkundlich auf (''Clana''). Er leitet sich vom keltischen Adjektiv *glano- für „rein, klar, glänzend“ ab (...)".</ref> | | ''Glonn'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Guta (Chinzechun)|Gůta]]<ref name="Guta">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://digi.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/diglit/krieger1904bd1/0422/image,info Topographisches Wörterbuch des Großherzogtums Baden], ubi dicitur "(...) ecclesia Gůta in decanatu Rotwil (...)".</ref> | | ''Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hostrahun (Hilaria)|Hostrahun Hilariae]]<ref name="Hostrahun">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Ostrach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ilaha]]<ref name="Ilaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1060 (''Ilaha'') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Illach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lotzmane]]<ref name="Lotzmane">Vide [https://www.rechtskarten.de/karten/kaufunger-wald/ Der Königsforst Kaufunger Wald], ubi dicitur "(...) ''silva que adiacet civitati inter Gelstram et Lotzmane amnes posita'', d.h. bis zur Gelster im Südosten und zur Losse im Südwesten (...)".</ref> | |''Losse'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mare Steinhudense]]<ref name="Mare Steinhudense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)". Adiectivum "Steinhudense" refert vicinum ad oppidum Steinhude.</ref> | Mari Steinhudense<ref name="Mare Steinhudense"/> | ''Steinhuder Meerbach'' seu ''Aue'' seu ''Bäke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Marka (flumen)|Marka]] | | ''Marka'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Panca]]<ref name="Riedel 1843">Riedel, Adolpho Friderico, auctore (1843). ''Codex Diplomaticus Brandenburgensis: Sammlung der Urkunden, Chroniken und sonstigen Quellenschriften''. Berolini: F.H. Morin.</ref> | [[Pankowe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Panke'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rehbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Röhr]] | | ''Röhr'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Schlüht<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Schlücht'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schwülme]] | | ''Schwülme'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Secheimer (Iages)|Secheimer Iagis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Seccaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Seggaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis seu Sekaha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> Iagis |''Seckach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sormitz]] | | ''Sormitz'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Lukavica]]<ref name="Lukavica"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wetschaft]] | | ''Wetschaft'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Caminizi rivi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitz'' seu ''Beuthenbach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Caminizi rivus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wuta|Wůta]]<ref name="Wůta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilde_Gutach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird bei seiner Ersterwähnung im Jahr 1111 als Wůta bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Wilde Gutach'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zwinga (Albis)|Zwinga Albis]]<ref name="Zwinga Albis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwinge_(Peene)#Geschichten articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In einer Urkunde des Herzogs Kasimir II. von 1219 wurde der Bach als „aqua molendini“ (Mühlengewässer) erwähnt.^[4] Die Erwähnung als „''Zwinga''“ erfolgte 1248 in einer Urkunde des Herzogs Wartislaw III. von Pommern-Demmin (...).</ref> | Aqua Molendini Albis<ref name="Zwinga Albis"/> |''Schwinge'' | align="right" | 29 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amisia Sygeltrensis]]<ref name="Sagter Ems">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Amisia" et adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es". De hydronymis "Amisia" vide {{Graesse}}. De adiectivo "Sygeltrensis-es", vide [articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae "Saterland"], ubi dicitur "(...) Von der Grafschaft Sögel (''Comitia Sygeltra'') hat das Saterland („Sagelter Land“) auch seinen Namen (...)"</ref> | | ''Sagter Ems'' seu ''Sater Ems'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Lade]]<ref name="Lade"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bist]] | | ''Bist'' seu ''Biest'' seu ''Bießt'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Breitaha|Breitaha Iagis]]<ref name="Breitaha Iagis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Brettach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dumme Salzwitense]]<ref name="Salzwitense">Gemtilicium "Salzwitense" ad Salzwitam refert. Hoc de oppido, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Salzwedeler Dumme'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elra Netensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Ellerbach'' seu ''Eller'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Net (Almana)|Net Almanae]]<ref name="Altenau (Alme)"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | |''Esse'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Garda (Nicer)|Garda]]<ref name="Garda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lein_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Früher hieß der Bach Gartach (988 ''fluvium Garda''), eine Bezeichnung, die sich außer im Namen einiger Orte am Lauf auch in dem des mittelalterlichen Gartachgaus wiederfindet (...)".</ref> | |''Lein'' seu ''Leinbach'' seu ''Schreckebach'' seu ''Seebach'' seu ''Gartach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hale (Ruma)|Hale]]<ref name="Hale">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hahle_(Rhume)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''aquam ... hale'' (...)".</ref> | |''Hahle'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Nicer)|Iutraha Niceri]]<ref name="Iutraha Niceri">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)".</ref><ref name=Gr/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Yutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iutra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Iudra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Euteraha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Eutere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Itter'' seu ''Euterbach'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Slyphera)|Lutra Slypherae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | |''Lauter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Slyrepha (flumen)|Slyrepha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Mercene]]<ref name="Mercene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merzbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bei Röhe wurde eine römische Siedlung ausgegraben, die vermutlich ''*Marcianum'' hieß (‚Landgut des Marcius‘) und namensgebend für den Fluss und die Flur war. Der Name ist erstmals 1149 als ''Mercene'' verschriftlicht (...)".</ref> | Marcianum<ref name="Mercene"/> |''Merzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mitrana]]<ref name="Mitrana">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20241007103209/https://www.bietigheim-bissingen.de/fileadmin/user_upload_stadtverwaltung/newsletter/2022/06_Juni_2022/2022_06_30/Anlage_zur_PM__QR-Naturerlebnispfad_Mettertal.pdf QR-Natur- & Kultur-Erlebnisrundgang Mettertal], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name Metter ist seit der Römerzeit belegt. Die Römer nannten das Flüsschen „Matisa“ und „Fluvius Mitrana“ (...)".</ref> | Matisa | ''Metter'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Nersae]]<ref name="Netha Nersae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Nette'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Nersa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Olef]] | |''Olef'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Urdefa (flumen)|Urdefa]]<ref name="Urdefa"/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Owe Rodenbergense]]<ref name="Owe Rodenbergense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Gentilicium "Rodenbergense" ad [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodenberg#Geschichte Castrum Rodenbergum] refert.</ref> | |''Rodenberger Aue'' seu ''Aue'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "Occidentale" Theodiscum praefixum ''West-'' vertitur.</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Elisinza)|Rivulus Niger Elisinzae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha Caeca]]<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Adiectivo "caecus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Blinde" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Caeca<ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> seu Rota Caeca <ref name="Raodhaha Caeca"/> |''Blinde Rot'' seu ''Adelmannsfelder Rot'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Rodau'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbuide]]<ref name="Salzbuide">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salzb%C3%B6de#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmalige Erwähnung erfährt die Bezeichnung Salzböde in einer Schenkungsurkunde aus dem 8. Jahrhundert, in der eine Edelfrau namens Adelburch ihre Besitzungen in der mündungsnahen Ortschaft „Salzbutine“ (Salzböden) dem Kloster Fulda überträgt. Im Landfriedensvertrag, den Bischof Wernher von Mainz 1265 mit hessischen Reichsstädten und benachbarten Territorialherren schloss, wird bei der Beschreibung der Grenze im Norden auch der Fluss Salzböde („..., ''et ab illa silva usque ad aquam, que dictur Salzbuide'',...“) (...)".</ref> | Salzbutine<ref name="Salzbuide"/> |''Salzböde'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinna Angusta]]<ref name="Sinna angusta">Vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch], auctore Alberto Greule. Adiectivum "angustus-a-um", quo Theodiscum adiectivum "Schmale" vertitur, adhibetur ad distinguendum hoc flumen suo ex homonymo flumine.</ref> | Sinne Angustum<ref name="Sinna angusta"/> |''Schmale Sinn'' seu ''Hintere Sinn'' seu ''Kleine Sinn'' | align="right" | 28 | [[Sinna (flumen)|Sinna Salae Moeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Lexicon Universale}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Alpha Fera<ref name="Alpha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> |''Wilde Aa'' seu ''Aar'' seu ''Ogge'' seu ''Wilde Ah'' seu ''Wilde Aar'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Orcana]]<ref name="Orcana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aalbach (Moenus)|Aalbach Moeni]]<ref name="Aalbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aalbach'' seu ''Ahlbach'' seu ''Weidengraben'' seu ''Waldbüttelbrunner Augraben'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Barre]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Kleine Paar'' seu ''Holzheimerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ach Frewbergense]]<ref name="Frewberga">Adiectivo "Frewbergensis-e" vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Cherse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Koerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Kerse<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Körsch'' seu ''Sindelbach'' seu ''Aischbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elera (Nava)|Elera Navae]]<ref name="Elera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellerbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''super fluuiolum Elera'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ellerbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ghela]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gehle'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hamele]]<ref name="Hamele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamel_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 1309 (Hamele) erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Hamel'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (27 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Lara">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafenlohr_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Jahr 772 war sie in der Markbeschreibung der Benediktinerabtei Neustadt am Main erstmals als ''super fluviolum Lara'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Hafenlohr'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Rhenanus Wittlaerensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tulba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Thulba'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Sala (Moenus)|Sala in pago Salvense]]<ref name="Sala in pago"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wevene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Wabe'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wietze (Ursena)|Wietze Ursenae]] | | ''Wietze'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Withaea<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Widaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Hvidaae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wiedau'' seu ''Mehlandsbach'' seu ''Delmser Bach'' | align="right" | 27 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bära]] | | ''Bära'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Canalis (Rura)|Canalis Rurae]]<ref name="Canalis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kallbach_(Urft)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name könnte sich vom rheinischen Wort Kall(e) für 'Wasserrinne, Straßenrinne' (< lateinisch ''canalis'') herleiten (...).</ref> | | ''Kall'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cupfere]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kuppher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chupher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kupfer'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ekkerne]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Ecker'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | | ''Erpe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Extera]]<ref name="Piderit 1846">Piderit, F. C. G. (1846). ''Geschichte der Lippe'schen Lande''. Detmoldae: Meyer.</ref> | | ''Exter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Werre)#Bezeichnung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Im Mittelalter trug die Aa den Namen „Hardna“, welcher sich vom mittelniederdeutschen Wort hart für 'Bergwald, waldiger Höhenzug' ableite (...)".</ref> | [[Aa (Wachna)|Aa Wachnae]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | ''Aa'' seu ''Johannisbach'' seu ''Westfälische Aa'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (flumen)|Hasalaha Werahae]]<ref name="Hasalaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Weraha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kessach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Kessha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Chessa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kessach'' seu ''Berolzheimer Kästle'' seu ''Schillingstadter Kästle'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lenninger Lauter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutturu (Amisia)|Lutturu Amisiae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Amisiae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutturu (Lachte)|Lutturu Lachtense]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lutteru Lachtense<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Lutter'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Luya (Naba)|Luya Nabae]]<ref name="Luya Nabae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Lia<ref name="Luya Nabae"/> | ''Luhe'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] | | ''Miele'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Miele (flumen)|Miele]] |- | [[Mosalbe]]<ref name="Mosalbe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moosalbe_(Schwarzbach)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1180 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (''Mosalbe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Moosalbe'' seu ''Moosalb'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nisa (flumen)|Nisa]]<ref name="Nisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niese_(Emmer)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1005 als ''Nisa'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Niese'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Emmera]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | | ''Ochtum'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotina (Itessa)|Rotina Itessae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Rotene Itessae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Röthen'' seu ''Röden'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scherkonde]] | | ''Scherkonde'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Laz (flumen)|Laz]]<ref name="Laz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schoza]]<ref name="Schoza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) aput Schozam (...)".</ref> | | ''Schozach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinlach]] | | ''Steinlach'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stobrava]]<ref name="Stobrava">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%B6bber#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''fluuium qui Stoborov nuncupatur'' (...) ''super Stobravam'' (...)".</ref> | Stoborov<ref name="Stobrava"/> | ''Stöbber'' seu ''Stobber'' seu ''Stobberow'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Antiquus Viadrus]]<ref name="Antiquus Viadrus"/> | [[Viadrus]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sulmana (flumen)|Sulmana]]<ref name="Sulmana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulm_(Neckar)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''villa sulmana'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Sulm'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Weraha (Rhenus)|Weraha Rheni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werra Rheni<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wehra'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wieste]] | | ''Wieste'' | align="right" | 26 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aqua Kotitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Kotitzensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Kotitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Kotitzer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Kotitzer Wasser'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lubetowe]]<ref name="Lubetowe"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschau (Lachte)|Aschau]] | | ''Aschau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lachte]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Au Soholmense]]<ref name="Soholmense">Gentilicio "Soholmensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Soholmer" vertitur.</ref> | Å Soholmense<ref name="Soholmense"/> | ''Soholmer Au'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> | [[Canalis Bongsielensis]]<ref name="Bongsielensis">Gentilicio "Bongsielensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Bongsieler" vertitur.</ref> |- | [[Bresnica]]<ref name="Bresnica">Vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) Beispiele hierfür sind Ortsnamen wie 11. Jh. ''Bresnica'' Prießnitz, (...)".</ref> | | ''Prießnitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsava]] | | ''Elsava'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gerstenbacum (Plissa)|Gerstenbacum Plissae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gerstenbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plissa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Gimmlitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Gimmlitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Heimbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Heimbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Glatta (Rhenus)|Glatta Rheni]]<ref name="Glatta">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Helvetico apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kossau]] | | ''Kossau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lacus Tresdorfensis]]<ref name="Tresdorfensis">Hoc de gentilicio, confer scientificum epithetum "Tresdorfensis".</ref> | [[Kossau]] |- | [[Luppa (flumen)|Luppa]]<ref name="Luppa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Luppe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Sala (flumen)|Sala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | | ''Mud'' seu ''Mudau'' seu ''Mudbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Net Guelpherbytense]]<ref name="Net Guelpherbytense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) sursum usque Net (...)". Gentilicium "Guelpherbytense" ad [[Guelpherbytum]] refert.</ref> | | ''Altenau'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Ohe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ilissus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Osa (flumen)|Osa]]<ref name="Osa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oos_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im 9. Jahrhundert als ''Osa fluvio'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Oos'' seu ''Oosbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Murga (Nigra silva septentrionalis)|Murga Nigra silva septentrionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Purnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Purnitz'' seu ''Kleine Jeetze'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Iesne]]<ref name="Iesne"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Russella (Albis)|Russella Albis]]<ref name="Russella Albis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rossel'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schmalkalde]] | | ''Schmalkalde'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Seidewitz'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Smiehe]]<ref name="Smiehe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)".</ref> | | ''Schmiech'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Steina (Mogus Rufus)|Steina Mogi Rufi]]<ref name="Steina Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Steinach''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Steina&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Warme Steinach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Mogus rufus|Mogus Rufus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Stillach]] | | ''Stillach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo "Swarza". Hoc de hydronymo ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzach_(Naab) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bereits 1250 wurde die „Swarza“ erwähnt (...)". Gentilicum "Bavaricus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Bayerische'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Bayerische Schwarzach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Swarza]]<ref name="Swarza"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Trierbach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tymanize]]<ref name="Tymanize">Vide [https://mvdok.lbmv.de/mjbrenderer?id=mvdok_document_00002845 Jahrbücher des Vereins für meklenburgische Geschichte und Alterthumskunde], ubi dicitur "(...) Temnitz, Bach bei Netzeband, 1232 super Tymanize fluuium (...)".</ref> | |''Temnitz'' seu ''Hellbach'' seu ''Sandfurthgraben'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Plane (flumen)|Plane]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Verse]] | | ''Verse'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waldaha]]<ref name="Waldaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) iuxta Waldaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Waldach'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warne]] | | ''Warne'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wesebach]]<ref name="Wesebach">Confer [https://www.google.com/search?q=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&client=firefox-b-d&sca_esv=a5db118e05c2ad26&biw=1275&bih=280&ei=pZkCZ-SEMre7i-gP-JWo0Q8&ved=0ahUKEwik6-nn9vmIAxW33QIHHfgKKvoQ4dUDCA8&uact=5&oq=+%22Wesebach+et+campo+Gallendal+%22&gs_lp=Egxnd3Mtd2l6LXNlcnAiHyAiV2VzZWJhY2ggZXQgY2FtcG8gR2FsbGVuZGFsICJIpzdQ6QNY6xhwAXgAkAEAmAG4AaABmwqqAQMwLjm4AQPIAQD4AQL4AQGYAgGgAsQBwgIFECEYoAGYAwCIBgGSBwMwLjGgB8wI&sclient=gws-wiz-serp hos exitūs] e [[Google|Gugulā]], ubi dicitur "(...) Wesebach et campo Gallendal et termini earum der Speyrer Domkirche (...)".</ref> | | ''Wesebach'' seu ''Wese'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziethe]] | | ''Ziethe'' | align="right" | 25 | [[Fona]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ===Flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 24 et 20 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Erstbeleg von 1306 lautet ''inter fluvium Affatam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Afte'' seu ''Wiele'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Almana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Berentraph (flumen)|Berentraph]]<ref name="Berentraph">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferndorf_(Kreuztal)#Geschichte articulum de hoc oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde der Ort unter dem Namen „Berentraph“ bereits 1067 und ist somit einer der ältesten Orte des Siegerlandes (...)".</ref> | | ''Ferndorfbach'' seu ''Ferndorf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brenza]]<ref name="Brenza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Brettenbach r.z. Elz (z. Rhein) (...) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten (...) super fluvium Brenze, lich), /br˛edebax/, 1317–41 an der Brettennun, iuxta (um 774, Original) super fluvium Brancia, (1143) aquam Bretten, (...) prope fluvium Brenza (...)".</ref> | Brancia<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Bretten<ref name="Brenza"/> seu Brenze<ref name="Brenza"/> | ''Brettenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Helzaha]]<ref name="Helzaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chivirinis]]<ref name="Chivirinis">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kieferbach#Namensdeutung hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach tritt im 13. Jh. mit der Form ''ad locum … Chivirinis Ursprinch'' („Quelle des Kieferbachs“) erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Kieferbach'' seu ''Thierseer Ache'' seu ''Klausbach'' seu ''Klausenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Dellina]]<ref name="Dellina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalke#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung des Flusses stammt aus dem Jahr 1001. Die „Dellina“ bzw. „Delchana“ bildete die Grenze des Paderborner Forstbannes (...)".</ref> | Delchana |''Dalke'' seu ''Dalkebach'' seu ''Bullerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dietsulze]]<ref name="Dietsulze">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1048 noch als Dietsulze bezeichnet, wurde der Name in der Neuzeit zu Dietzhölze umgedeutet (...)".</ref> | Dietsulza<ref name="Dietsulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Kyrorsum Dietsulzam (...)".</ref> | ''Dietzhölze'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen">Gentilicium "Bieringense" ad oppidum Bieringen refertur.</ref> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fehntjer Tief]] | | ''Fehntjer Tief'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gohbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Gohbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gundbach'' seu ''Hengstbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Rivulus Niger Ginsheimensis Rhenanus]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harle_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in dem Gaunamen ''pagus Herloga'' um das Jahr 1100 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Harle'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mare Germanicum]] | [[Herloga]]<ref name="Herloga"/> |- | [[Hlunia]]<ref name="Hlunia">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenne_(Weser)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde im Jahr 1007 als ''in Hluniam'' zum ersten Mal schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lenne'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | |''Klingengraben'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Vutahe]]<ref name="Vutahe"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lockwitzbacum (Albis)|Lockwitzbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lockwitzbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lungwitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lungwitzbach'' seu ''Lungwitz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Maior Strigus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Maior Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Striguz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Strigucz<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Kleine Striegis'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Stregus]]<ref name="Stregus"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nassaha (Moenus)|Nassaha Moeni]]<ref name="Nassaha">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex homonymo oppido. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Nassach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pleisa]]<ref name="Pleisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleisbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 948 als ''pleisa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pleisbach'' seu ''Pleissbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Praitahe]]<ref name="Praitahe">Vide [https://texte.volare.vorarlberg.at/viewer/fulltext/VLB0067946/133/ Der Mittelberg. Geschichte, Landes- und Volkskunde des ehemaligen gleichnamigen Gerichtes], ubi dicitur "(...) Hinc sursum per illud flumen ilara usque ad ostium praitahe (Breitach.) (...)".</ref> | |''Breitach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Redniz)|Rota Rednizensis]]<ref name="Rota Rednizensis">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Roth'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Redniz]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Scaflenze (Iages)|Scaflenze Iagis]]<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Scaflenzen Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> seu Scaflenza Iagis<ref name="Scaflenze Iagis"/> | ''Schefflenz'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Surdafalacha]]<ref name="Surdafalacha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzh%C3%B6lze#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Unterlauf wird 793 als Surdafalacha (lat. surda ='die Taube') erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Fallbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickera]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wykara<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wickere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wickerbach'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wisilaffa]]<ref name="Wisilaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieslauf#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Wieslauf wird 1027 als ''Wisilaffa'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Wieslauf'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiske]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wisicher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicheim<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wisicha<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wiseke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wyseche<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wieseck'' | align="right" | 24 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Achaza]]<ref name="Achaza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echaz#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 938 als Achaza erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Echaz'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alara Parva]]<ref name="Alara Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aller_(Germany) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Anglicam], ubi dicitur "The river's name, which was recorded in 781 as ''Alera'', in 803 as ''Elera'', in 1096 as ''Alara'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Alera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> seu Elera Parva<ref name="Alara Parva"/> | ''Kleine Aller'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Alinde]]<ref name="Alinde">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elte_(Fluss)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der erste Namensbeleg ist ''Alinde'' (1014) und im späteren Mittelalter wird er als „ellna“ bezeichnet (...) wurde erstmals 1075 „in Elenen“ erwähnt. 1121 war bereits von einer „capella in Elnde“ die Rede. 1138 wurde er als „Elendi“ und 1304 als „in Elende“ benannt (...)".</ref> | Ellna<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elenen<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elnde<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elendi<ref name="Alinde"/> seu Elende<ref name="Alinde"/> | ''Elte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ambera]]<ref name=Gr/> | Ambra<ref name=Gr/> | ''Ammer'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Calida]]<ref name="Boda Calida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "calidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Warme'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Warme Bode'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Garthe]]<ref name="Garthe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garte#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Garte'' wird im Jahr 1325 erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (meatus fluuij … ''Garthe'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Garte'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gisala]]<ref name="Meibom 1688">Meibom, Henrico, auctore (1688); ''Rerum Germanicarum Scriptores''. Helmaestadii: Typis & sumtibus Georgii Wolffgangi Hammii.</ref> | Geysla<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Geizle<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu [[Geisla]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Geisel'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Klia]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Henne (flumen)|Henne]] | |''Henne'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Holzape]] | | ''Holzape'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hombach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Othmunda]]<ref name="Ochtum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iachna]]<ref name="Iachna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jachen#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss Jachen wird 1313 als Jachna (...)".</ref> | | ''Jachen'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Iazaha (Fuldaha)|Iazaha Fuldahae]]<ref name="Iazaha Fuldahae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Homonymo de flumine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jossa_(Sinn)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde ursprünglich Jazaha^[6]und später Jos^[7] genannt (...)".</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Lohr'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medem_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung gab es im Jahr 860 als ''Medemahem'' (...)".</ref> | |''Medem'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Niusta]]<ref name="Niusta">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BCst#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 980 als ''Niusta'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nüst'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sehma (flumen)|Sehma]] | | ''Sehma'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Steinebacum (Chinzechun)|Steinebacum Chinzechunis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Steinebach'' seu ''Steinaubach'' seu ''Steineaubach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Umlach]] | |''Umlach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Riussaia]]<ref name="Riussaia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Uotenbach]]<ref name="Outenbach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odenbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der namensgleiche Ort Odenbach wurde 841 als Uotenbach erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Odenbach'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wickriede]] | | ''Wickriede'' | align="right" | 23 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aschaff#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Name Ascafa (980) (...)".</ref> | | ''Aschaff'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | |''Aubach'' seu ''Wiesenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Lara (23 km)|Lara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibers]]<ref name="Bibers">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibers#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(„in ripa … Bibers“) (...)".</ref> | |''Bibers'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Blavius]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | | ''Blau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bomlitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | | ''Bomlitz'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dickelsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dickelsbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Elbena]]<ref name="Elbena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elbbach_(Sieg) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''usque in Elbenam'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Elbbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Endert]] | | ''Endert'' seu ''Endertbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mosella (flumen)|Mosella]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fliedina]]<ref name="Fliedina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fliede#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen aus dem 9. Jahrhundert wird der Fluss ''Fliedina'' genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Fliede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Geysaha]]<ref name="Geysaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geisbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals schriftlich genannt wird der ''Geisbach'' in einer gefälschten Urkunde, die vor dem Jahr 1057 erstellt wurde. In dieser wird der Fluss als ''Geysaha'' bezeichne (...)".</ref> | | ''Geisbach'' seu ''Geis'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grintahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gerffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafo<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintafum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Grintifa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Grenff'' seu ''Grenf'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hiedraha]]<ref name="Hiedraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idarbach_(Nahe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung fand im Jahr 897 (''Hiedraha'') statt (...)".</ref> | | ''Idarbach'' seu ''Idar'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jade_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Wort ''Jade'' (1314: ''Jatha'') ist schwer zu deuten (...)".</ref> | | ''Jade'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Sinus Iathae]]<ref name="Iatha"/> | [[Iatha]]<ref name="Iatha"/> |- | [[Kropsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kropsbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Mühlbachgraben'' seu ''Schlaggraben'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lamma]]<ref name="Lamma">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamme_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Nennung erfolgte im Jahr 1065 als ''Lamma'' (...)".</ref> | |''Lamme'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lee (Vidrus)|Lee]] | | ''Lee'' seu ''Kleine Lee" | align="right" | 22 | [[Vidrus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Lacus Yssel]] |- | [[Livianum]]<ref name="Livianum">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibi#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name geht wohl auf einen römischen Ortsnamen Līviānum mit der Bedeutung (...)".</ref> | | ''Leibi'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laugna_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche keltische Name „Longna“ wurde von den römischen Besatzern (15 v. Chr.) übernommen.[3] Um 890 wird der Fluss als ''Logena'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | Logena |''Laugna'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra (Bunaha)|Lutra Bunahae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Bunaha (flumen)|Bunaha]]<ref name="Bunaha"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malefinkbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Malefinkbach'' seu ''Malefink'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Mittweida'' seu ''Mitteweida'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nigra Aqua (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Nigra Aqua Muldae]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Morre (Billbach)|Morre]] | | ''Morre'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mota (flumen)|Mota]]<ref name="Mota">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehe#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 786 wird der Fluss als ''Motam'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mehe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Murga (Nigra silva meridionalis)|Murga Nigra Silvae Meridionalis]]<ref name=Gr/> | |''Murg'' seu ''Hauensteiner Murg'' seu ''Obere Murg'' seu ''Murgbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Na de Owe]]<ref name="Na de Owe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostenau#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Namensbelege des Gewässers sind „na de Owe“ (1512) (...)".</ref> | | ''Ostenau'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Natergowe]]<ref name="Natergowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notter_(Unstrut)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Flussname erscheint erstmals im Jahr 997 als Gauname ''Natergowe'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Notter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo Rhenano. Hoc de ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahe_(Rhein) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die '''Nahe''' (lateinisch ''Nava'', ursprünglich keltisch ''Wilder Fluss'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Nahe'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Presnitium)|Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Presnitzensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzwasser'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Presnitium (flumen)|Presnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Nyeste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Nieste'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Radaha Fera]]<ref name="Radaha Fera">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Wilde Rodach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Radaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Vennbach'' seu ''Ebersbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis ex hydronymis "Rotina" seu "Rotene". His de hydronymis, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Rödelbach Steinach (Lkr. Sonneberg, Thüringen, D), mündet in Rödental (Lkr. Coburg, Bayern). – /rü5dn/, ON. Mönchröden (Stadt Rödental, Lkr. Coburg), 1108 (Kopie 12. Jh.) Rotina, 1171 Rotene (...)".</ref> | Rotene Muldae Zviccaviensis | ''Rödelbach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Savus Ferus]]<ref name="Savus Ferus">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex paronymo flumine etymologice relato [[Savus|Savo]] seu Sao. Cui ultimo, vide [[:de:Wilde Sau (Fluss)#Name]], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist wahrscheinlich slawischen Ursprungs, was auch die Namen benachbarter Elbezuflüsse nahelegen. Es könnte dieselbe sprachliche Wurzel wie bei dem Donauzufluss Sava/Save zugrunde liegen (...)". "Savus" est versio Latina Theodisci hydronymi ''Save''. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertiturAdiectivo "ferus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Wilde" vertitur.</ref> | Saus Ferus<ref name="Savus Ferus"/> | ''Wilde Sau'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sechta Unterschneidheimensis]]<ref name="Unterschneidheimensis">Gentilicium "Unterschneidheimensis" ad oppidum [[Unterschneidheim]] refertur.</ref> | |''Schneidheimer Sechta'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Radiantia)|Seebacum Radiantiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Canalis inter Moenum et Danubium]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Neckarsteinach)|Steinhaha Neckarsteinachensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Neckarsteinachensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Steinach'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulaha (Weraha)|Sulaha Werahae]]<ref name="Sulaha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Suhl, l.z. Werra (...) in fluvium Sulaha (...)".</ref> | | ''Suhl'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sydene]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siede'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Watter]] | |''Watter'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Tuistina (Dimel)|Tuistina]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wida (Zurrega)|Wida Zurregae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Wieda'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zaberkou]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Zabernahgouwe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zabernogovi<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Zaberenkowe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Zaber'' | align="right" | 22 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ahbacum (Ara)|Ahbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Ahbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ana (flumen)|Ána]]<ref name="Ana">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahne_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg des Namens stammt aus dem Jahr 1154 ''fluvium Ána'' (...)".</ref> | |''Ahne'' seu ''Ahna'' seu ''Ahnabach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ardaha]]<ref name="Ardaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aar_(Dill)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Im Althochdeutschen noch als Ardaha (Erwähnung 856) bezeichnet, (...)".</ref> | |''Aar'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Dillena]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Asdorfium]]<ref name="-dorf">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-dorf'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-dorfium-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Ensdorfium]], [[Burgdorfium]], [[Altdorfium]], [[Oberndorfium]], [[Rebdorfium]], [[Schenckendorfium]], [[Wilhelmersdorfium]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Asdorf'' seu ''Asdorfer Bach'' seu ''Weibe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beke]] | |''Beke'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Beysa]]<ref name="Beysa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beise_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1521 erstmals urkundlich genannt (''Beysa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Beise'' seu ''Beisebach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Chinzechun Parvum]]<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinzig_(Rhein)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1099: ''ad Chinzechun; ad aliam Chinzichun''[6] 1128: ''flumen'' [Fluss] ''Kinzicha, flumen Kynzichun, ad aliam Kynzicham'' (...)" Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | Chinzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kinzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzichun Parvum<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> seu Kynzicha Parva<ref name="Chinzechun Parvum"/> |''Kleine Kinzig'' seu ''Reinerzau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Demester]]<ref name="Demester">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emster_Kanal#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die mittelalterlichen Bezeichnungen für das Gewässer waren ''Demester'' (1351), ''Dempstar'' (1374), ''Demster'' (1380) und ''deinster'' (1441/45) (...)".</ref> | Dempstar seu Demster seu Deinster |''Emster Kanal'' seu ''Emster Gewässer'' seu ''Emster'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Elsanpah]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Elsinpah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsenpach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Elsinbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Kaiserbach'' seu ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Elsenbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Clingbacus (Michelsbacum)|Clingbacus]]<ref name="Kremer 1769"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gilse]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Gilsa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Sualmanaha]]<ref name="Sualmanaha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Kerkerbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Kerkerbach'' seu ''Hüttenbach'' seu ''Fensterbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lossa (Mulda)|Lossa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Lossa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Muche]]<ref name="Muche">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauch_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird 1293 als Muche erstmals urkundlich erwähn (...)".</ref> | |''Mauch'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Agira (Werenza)|Agira Werenzae]]<ref name="Agira"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nau]] | |''Nau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Odeborn]] | | ''Odeborn'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Phiopha]]<ref name="Phiopha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pfieffe_(Fulda)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Pfieffe wird 1037 als ''Phiopha'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Pfieffe'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pöhlwasser]] | |''Pöhlwasser'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prim_(Neckar)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) („iuxta aquam … Prime“) (...)".</ref> | |''Prim'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Radau]]<ref name="Radau">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radau_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erwähnt wurde der Fluss 1308 bzw. 1325 als ''Radowe'', 1570 als ''Radow'', 1578 als ''Radaw'' und ebenfalls 1578 als ''Radau'' (...)".</ref> | Radowe seu Radow seu Radaw |''Radau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rodawe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Rodau'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Withaa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | | ''Rotach'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Rothach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Werenza]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ruda (flumen)|Ruda]]<ref name="Ruda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauda_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde im Jahr 1266 als ''Ruda'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | |''Rauda'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rysele]]<ref name="Rysele">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aa_(Nethe)#Historische_Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ''Aa'' hatte im Mittelalter den Namen ''Riesel''. So erscheint sie in ihrem ersten schriftlichen Beleg von 1326 als „in fluvius … Rysele“, (...)".</ref> | |''Aa'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Sall (flumen)|Sall]] | |''Sall'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulzaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Solza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sulza<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Solz'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Sontra (Werdorf, synkopiert > *Sorsdorf, vereinfacht > *S¯osdorf. – ra-Meißner-Kreis), 1232 Suntraha, 1269 Suntrahe, Sperber, HG.A.5, S. 90. 1271 Sunthra, 1273 Suntra (und weitere Belege), 14. Jh. Sontra (...)".</ref> | Suntrahe<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sunthra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Suntra<ref name="Suntraha"/> seu Sontra<ref name="Suntraha"/> |''Sontra'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Wehre (Weraha)|Wehre Werahae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Terueke]]<ref name="Terueke">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarpenbek#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ältesten überlieferten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des Gewässers sind ''Terueke'' (1245 und 1263), ''Terveke'' (1266) und ''Terweke'' (1325), was sich über ''Tarwe'' zu ''Tarpe'' entwickelte (...)".</ref> | Terveke<ref name="Terueke"/> seu Terweke<ref name="Terueke"/> |''Tarpenbek'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Alstria]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deilbach#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Die ersten schriftlichen Belege des Deilbachs sind Thidela (875) und Thithelam (11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Thithela<ref name="Thidela"/> |''Deilbach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trotzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Trotzbach'' seu ''Schledde'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wissaha (Tegarinseo)|Wissaha Tegarinseonensis]]<ref name="Wissaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Wissha<ref name="Wissaha"/> |''Weißach'' | align="right" | 21 | [[Tegarinseo]]<ref name="Tegernsee">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tegernsee#Namensgebung hoc de lacū apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name des Sees ist erstmals in der Form Tegarinseo aus dem Jahr 796 überliefert, als die fürstlichen Brüder Oatkar und Adalbert ein Kloster am tegarin seo, das ist althochdeutsch und heißt großer See, gründeten (...)".</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bada (Wippera)|Bada Wipperae]]<ref name="Bada">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bode_(Wipper)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "Der Erstbeleg ist aus dem Jahr 749 (''Bada'') (...)".</ref> | |''Bode'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Wippera (Onestrudis)|Wippera]]<ref name="Wippera Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Barnitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | |''Barnitz'' seu ''Sult'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beste hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wurde der Fluss erstmals bereits 1075 als ''Horbinstenon'' in einer Beschreibung des Limes Saxoniae erwähnt (...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung des Flusses fand 1263 als ''Bestene'' statt (...)".</ref> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grobion]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Grob<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Verlorenwasser'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hora (Aphilste)|Hora Aphilstensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Ora Aphilstensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Ohra'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Aphilste]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hospira]]<ref name="Hospira">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochspeyerbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der mittelalterliche Name ''Hospira'' des Hochspeyerbachs ist bereits im 10. Jahrhundert nachgewiesen; er leitete sich möglicherweise vom Speyerbach (''Spira, Spiraha'') ab (...)".</ref> | Spiraha |''Hochspeyerbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Naba)|Huttenbacum Nabae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Naba]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Naba"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ieckenbacus]]<ref name="Widder 1786">Widder, J. G. (1786). ''Versuch einer vollständigen Geographisch-Historischen Beschreibung der Kurfürstlichen Pfalz am Rheine''.</ref> | Gekkinbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898">Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Der Nahegau und seine Umgebung''. [[Bonna]]e: Behrendt; et: Fabricius, W. (1898). ''Die Herrschaften des unteren Nahegebietes: Erläuterungen zum geschichtlichen Atlas der Rheinprovinz''. Behrend & Co.</ref> seu Geckenbach<ref name="Fabricius I 1898"/> |''Jeckenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iutraha (Rhenus)|Iutraha Rheni]]<ref name="Iutraha Rheni">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Neckar)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Itter'' wird im Jahr 628 (''Iutraha'') erstmals urkundlich erwähnt. Der Name enthielt ursprünglich die Endung -aha, was für „Fließgewässer“ steht. (...)" et {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lahe (flumen)|Lahe]] | |''Lahe'' seu ''Große Aue'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Soeste]] | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Maurine]] | | ''Maurine'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Stepenitium (Trabena)|Stepenitium Trabenae]]<ref name="-itium"/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Netha|Netha Hassae]]<ref name="Netha Hassae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nette_(Innerste)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 1149 wurde der Fluss als „iuxta Netham“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Nette'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Oese (Hune)|Oese]] | |''Oese'' seu ''Gelmecke'' seu ''Heppingser Bach'' seu ''Sundwiger Bach'' seu ''Hemer-Bach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Hune]]<ref name="Hune"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pernaffa]]<ref name="Pernaffa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perf hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wird der Fluss im Jahre 913 als ''Pernaffa'', und er gab dem Perfgau (''pagus Pernaffa'') (...)".</ref> | |''Perf'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotbacum (Dreisima)|Rotbacum Dreisimae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Rotbach'' seu ''Zartenbach'' seu ''Löffeltalbach'' seu ''Höllenbach'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sechta Rohilingenensis]]<ref name="Rohilingenensis">Gentilicium "Rohilingenensis" ad Rohilingen refertur. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%B6hlingen#Geschichte eius articulum apud Vicipaaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''in vico Rohilingen'' (...)".</ref> | |''Röhlinger Sechta'' seu ''Sechta'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sulza (Albis)|Sulza Albis]]<ref name="Sulza">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Sülze (Stadt Rösrath, Rheinisch-Bergiae. ge-sod ‘Gericht’, as. soth ‘Fleischbrühe’, afr. scher Kreis), mündet nach 24,7km bei Lohmar soth ‘Brühe’, ahd. ki-sod ‘Gericht’), metaphorische (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis, NRW). – 1182 molendina in Sulza (...)".</ref> | |''Sülze'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ziese]] | |''Ziese'' | align="right" | 20 | [[Lutense]]<ref name="Lutense"/> | [[Penus]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina inter 19 et 15 chiliometra aut amplius longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicio "Rordorfensis-e" ad [[Rodorfium]] (Theodisce ''Rodorf'') refertur. Cui ultimo toponymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohrdorf_(am_Inn)#Geschichte hoc de oppido apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals urkundlich erwähnt wurde Rohrdorf 788 in der Notitia Arnonis, einer Aufstellung aller Güter und Besitzungen der Kirche Salzburg auf herzoglich-bayerischem Gebiet anlässlich der Eingliederung Bayerns in das Frankenreich Karls des Großen. Darin genannt sind auch die beiden heute eingemeindeten Dörfer Höhenmoos und Lauterbach, die seinerzeit ebenfalls bereits Kirchdörfer waren. Die damaligen Ortsbezeichnungen lauteten: Rordorf, (...)".</ref> | | ''Rohrdorfer Achen'' seu ''Achen'' seu ''Weißenbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Aenus (flumen)|Aenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Alnaha (flumen)|Alnaha]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Allanaher<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Alnahe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Allna'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Mutinensis]]<ref name="Aqua Mutinensis">Nomine "Aqua" Theodiscum nomen ''Wasser'' et gentilicio "Mutinensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Mutzschener" vertitur. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Mutzschener Wasser'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Audan (Layna)|Audan Laynae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bastauwe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Bastau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fintau]] | | ''Fintau'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wemma]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hanfpach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Hanfbach'' seu ''Irmerother Bach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Humme]] | | ''Humme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Iutraha (Dimel)|Iutraha Dimelensis]]<ref name="Iutraha Dimelensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Itter'' seu ''Itterbach'' seu ''Itterbecke'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lisba (flumen)|Lisba]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Lisburnensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Liese'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Hassenbeck]]<ref name="Hassenbeck"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Itessa)|Lutra Itessae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Lauterbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Metime|Metimé]]<ref name="Metime">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mettma#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wurde 1111 als ''fluvii Metimé'' erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | |''Mettma'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Schlucht]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Muglbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Mohelnský seu Mohelenský |''Muglbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Wundreb (flumen)|Wundreb]]<ref name="Wundreb"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Munzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Münzbach'' seu ''Loßnitzbach'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Orpe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Urppe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Orpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Radense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Radense" ad [[Radena]]m refertur; hoc de toponymo, vide: Büsching, A. F. (1768). ''A New System of Geography: Containing a Particular Description of the Quarters of the World''. Londinii: T. Lowndes; hoc de gentilicio, vide: Binterim, A. J., & Mooren, J. H. (1830). ''Die alte und neue Erzdiözese Köln in ihrer ehemaligen Ausdehnung''. Simon Müller.</ref> | Audan Parvum Radense<ref name="Owe Parvum Radense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ramme (flumen)|Ramme]] | | ''Ramme'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rota (Ambra)|Rota Ambrae]]<ref name="Rota Ambrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott_(Amper)#Namensherkunft hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Rott wird um 1065 in der Wessobrunner Gründungslegende als ''Rota'' bezeugt (...)".</ref> | |''Rott'' seu ''Rottgraben'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sorpe (Röhr)|Sorpe Röhrense]]<ref name="Sorpe">Vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) 1307 iuxta rivum … Sorpe (...)".</ref> | Suropo Röhrensis<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorbece Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Röhrense<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Röhr]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sule (flumen)|Sule]] | | ''Sule'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilstra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wilstera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilstria<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wilsterau'' seu ''Wilster Au'' | align="right" | 19 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Zahme Gera]] | | [[Zahme Gera]] | align="right" | 19 | [[Hiera]]<ref name="Hiera"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aha Berchtesgadenensis]]<ref name="Aha Berchtesgadenensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783258481142_A43727966/preview-9783258481142_A43727966.pdf FLüsse der Alpen: Vielfalt in Natur und Kultur]. Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> | Albe Berchtesgadenense<ref name="Albe Berchtesgadenense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtesgadener_Ache hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Um 1815 wurde der Fluss noch als ''Albe'' (...)". Gentilicium "Berchtesgadenensis-e" ad [[Berchtesgaden]] refertur.</ref> |''Berchtesgadener Ache'' seu ''Königsseeache'' seu ''Alm'' seu ''Almbach'' seu ''Albe'' seu ''Niedere Al | align="right" | 18 | [[Salzaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ahle (Schwülme)|Ahle Schwülmense]] | |''Ahle'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwülme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Armuthsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Armuthsbach'' seu ''Armutsbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Baarbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Baarbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | |''Bahra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Gotlavia]]<ref name="Gotlavia"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bekena (Lupia)|Bekena]]<ref name="Bekena">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beke_(Lippe)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Mittelalter als ''Bekena'' bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | | ''Beke'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Belina (Albis)|Belina Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | |''Biela'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boteburon]]<ref name="Boteburon">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bottwar#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es wird angenommen, dass der Name des Flusses von dem der Stadt Großbottwar abgeleitet ist, der bereits im Jahr 779 als ''Boteburon'' und 873 als ''Bodibura'' erwähnt wird. Erstmals 1260 wird der Fluss urkundlich ''Botebor'' genannt (...)".</ref> | Bodibura<ref name="Boteburon"/> seu Botebor<ref name="Boteburon"/> | ''Bottwar'' seu ''Auklingenbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brugga (Dreisima)|Brugga Dreisimae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Nomen Theodiscum'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Diesse]] | |''Dieße'' seu ''Diesse'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Frioda (Weraha)|Frioda Werahae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Frieda'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gelster]] | |''Gelster'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalaha Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasel_(Werra)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird im Jahr 824 als Hasalaha erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Hasel'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Mintela]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Helere]]<ref name="Helere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haller_(Fluss)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Schreibung: Helere (10.–11. Jahrhundert) (...)".</ref> | |''Haller'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lesnitz Magnum]]<ref name="Lesnitz Magnum">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo urbe Theodisce ''Lößnitz''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/268003452.pdf Historisches Ortsnamenbuch von Sachsen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Lößnitz''' Stadt nö. Aue; Aue-Schwarzenberg (AKr. Aue) (1238) K 1533 Fridericus de Lesnitz (...)". Adiectivo "magnum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur</ref> | | ''Große Lößnitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lutraha]]<ref name="Lutraha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BCtter#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die ''Lütter'' wurde im Jahr 826 als ''Lutraha'' erstmals urkundlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Lütter'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Parvum Barenburgense]]<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymis e hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan". De hydronymis "Owe" et "Audan" vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ], ubi dicitur "(...) Aue, Name mehrerer Flüsse im Einzugsgebiet von Leine, Unter- und Mittelweser und Unterer Elbe, z. B. Aue (z. Ammersbek z. Alster z. Elbe), 1263 ''ad riuulum, qui dicutur Owe'' (...) Aue, r.z. Leine, entspringt bei Westerhof (Lkr. Northeim, Niedersachsen, D), mündet bei Kreiensen (Lkr. Northeim). – 10. Jh. (Kopie 15. Jh.) ''in flumen Audan et sic per Audan,'' (...)". Adiectivo "parvum" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur. Gentilicium "Barenburgense" ad [[Barenburgum]] in [[Circulus Diepholz|Circulo Thefholte]] refertur.</ref> | Audan Parvum Barenburgense<ref name="Owe Parvum Barenburgense"/> | ''Kleine Aue'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Parthanus]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Parthanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Partanum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Partnach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Perlenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | |''Perlenbach'' seu ''Schwalmbach'' seu ''Perlbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger Klingengrabenensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | |''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Klingengraben (Vutahe)|Klingengraben Vutahense]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ranschgraben]] | |''Ranschgraben'' seu ''Erbsengraben'' seu ''Waldgraben'' seu ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein)|Raodhaha Leinensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> seu Rota Leinensis<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis"/> |''Rot'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rinne Königseense|Rinne Königseënse]]<ref name="Königseënse">Gentilicium "Königseënse" ad oppidum [[Königsee]] in [[Circulus terrae Salfeldensis et Rudolphopolitanus|Circulo Salfeldensi-Rudolphopolitano]] refertur.</ref> | |''Königseer Rinne'' seu ''Rinne'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Nonensis]]<ref name="Rivus Nonensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Nonensis-e" ad oppidum [[Nona (Rhenania et Palatinatus)|Nonam]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). ''Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV''. Henricus Dehmen; et: Browerus, C., & Masenius, J. (1670). Antiquitatum et annalium Trevirensium libri XXV (Vol. 2). Coloniae Agrippinae: Joannis Wilhelmi Friessem.</ref> | |''Nohner Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Fuldaha)|Rohrbacum Fuldahae]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Fuldahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | |''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Saravus)|Rohrbacum Saravi]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Saravi">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' seu ''Scheidter Bach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Saravus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweinitium]]<ref name="-itium"/> | Svídnice |''Schweinitz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tribisa Parva]]<ref name="Tribisa Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Triebisch'' dicto. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | |''Kleine Triebisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Tribisa]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Thira<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Thyra'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Walhalben]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Walhalbin<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Walhalbe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wallhalb'' seu ''Wallhalbe'' seu ''Wallalbe'' seu ''Wallalb'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Burchalben]]<ref name="Burchalben"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Warnau]] | | ''Warnau'' seu ''Schneebach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weiß (Sega)|Weiß]] | |''Weiß'' seu ''Weißbach'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Sega]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wiesaz]] | | ''Wiesaz'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wilisch (flumen)|Wilisch]] | |''Wilisch'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wizmone<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoune<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wizmoven<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Weismain'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wohlrose]] | |''Wohlrose'' | align="right" | 18 | [[Ilmena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aschbacum (Werma)|Aschbacum Wermae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aschbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Werma]]<ref name="Werma"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Augraben (Nebula)|Augraben Nebulae]]<ref name="Augraben Nebulae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://documente.bcucluj.ro/web/bibdigit/fg/BCUCLUJ_FG_115352_1907_004.pdf Ente Istorice], ubi dicitur "(...) in rivulum, qui dicitur Augraben, et in rivulo (...)".</ref> | | ''Augraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nebula (flumen Germanicum)|Nebula]]<ref name="Nebula"/> | [[Warnou]]<ref name="Warnou"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Kincicha)|Biberaha Kincichae]]<ref name="Biberaha Kincichae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biberaha (Rotaha)|Biberaha Rotahae]]<ref name="Biberaha Rotahae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' seu ''Bieberbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Rotaha (Moenus)|Rotaha Moeni]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Boda Frigida]]<ref name="Boda Frigida">Fingitur hoc nomen ex adiectivo "frigidus-a-um" -Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kalte'' vertente- et homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Bode''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Kalte Bode'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Boda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Radentia)|Brombacum Radentiae]] | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Radentia]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bruchbacum (Alara)|Bruchbacum Alarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bruchbach'' seu ''Wittbeck'' seu ''Heidbach'' seu ''Grobebach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alara]]<ref name=Gr/><ref name="Aller"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Bruchgraben (Indistra)|Bruchgraben Indistrae]] | | ''Bruchgraben'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ettebach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Etbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Epbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Oorana]]<ref name="Oorana"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Katzenbacum (Nicer)|Katzenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Katzenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lichte (flumen)|Lichte]] | | ''Lichte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Natzschung]] | Načetínský | ''Natzschung'' seu ''Keilbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ovenbach (Glan)|Ovenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Ovenbach Glanense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohmbach_(Glan)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der gleichnamige Ort Ohmbach wurde im Jahr 977 als ''Ouenbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Ohmbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rankbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rankbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Vurmicus (Nagalda)|Vurmicus Nagaldae]]<ref name="Vurmicus Nagalda"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzbacum (Murga)|Salzbacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Kröppenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' seu ''Blümmelbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vretere]]<ref name="Vretere">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fretterbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) In den ersten urkundlichen Nennungen wird der Bach als Vretere (1338 und 1387) bezeichnet (...)".</ref> | |''Fretterbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Waginstat (flumen)|Waginstat]]<ref name="Waginstat">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex valli homonymā. Latino de nomine huius vallis, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagensteig#Geschichte articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort wurde erstmals im Jahr 1125 als ''Waginstat'' erwähnt, wobei es sich hier um einen Personennamen handeln soll (...)".</ref> | | ''Wagensteigbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Dreisima]]<ref name="Dreisima"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wahlebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wahlebach'' seu ''Wahle'' seu ''Fahrenbach'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Welpia (Alapa)|Welpia]]<ref name="Wölpe">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Welepa<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipia<ref name="Wölpe"/><ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilepa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilippia<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wilipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welpa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welipa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Welepe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> |''Wölpe'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Alapa]]<ref name="Alapa"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilde (Adrana)|Wilde Adranae]] | | ''Wilde'' seu ''Wölfte'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wuhle]] | | ''Wuhle'' | align="right" | 17 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Adenova]]<ref name="Adenova">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adenauer_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 992 als ''adenoua fluvius'' erstmals erwähnt, (...)".</ref> | | ''Adenauer Bach'' seu ''Breidscheider Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bahre]] | | ''Bahre'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Seidewitium (flumen)|Seidewitium]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Biberaha (Huna)|Biberaha Hunae]]<ref name="Biberaha Hunae">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bieber'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Huna]]<ref name="Huna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buchenbacum (Moenus)|Buchenbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchenbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' seu ''Riedgraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bünzau]] | | ''Bünzau'' seu ''Bünzer Au'' seu ''Bünzener Au'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Charbach (Moenus)|Charbach Moeni]]<ref name="Charbach Moeni">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e toponymo. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Argen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) 853 in loco ... Charbach, 1155 in Karebach, 13. Jh. Charebach (...)".</ref> | Karebach seu Charebach | ''Karbach'' seu ''Egerbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Chemnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Chemnitzbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Daade]] | | ''Daade'' seu ''Daadenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eitarhaha]]<ref name="Eitarhaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aitrach_(Donau)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt im Jahr 770 in Form eines Gaunamens (''pago Eitrahuntal'') und 806 als Fluss selbst (''super fluvium Eitarhaha'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | ''Eitrahuntal''<ref name="Eitarhaha"/> |''Aitrach'' seu ''Baaralb'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Elta (flumen)|Elta]] | | ''Elta'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Ette (flumen)|Ette]] | | ''Ette'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Espolde]] | | ''Espolde'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grümpen]] | | ''Grümpen'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kehlbacum (Andolfspach)|Kehlbacum Andolfspachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kehlbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Andolfspach]]<ref name="Andolfspach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lempe]] | | ''Lempe'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Esse (Dimel)|Esse Dimelis]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Murrensis)|Lutra Murrensis]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Spiegelberger Lauter'' seu ''Sommerlauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Murrensis]]<ref name="Murrensis"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra (Vilisa)|Lutra Vilisae]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' seu ''Degenfelder Lauter'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Vilisa (Nicer)|Vilisa Niceri]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Marsbach'' seu ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Oelsabacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Oelsabach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rigenbach (Glan)|Rigenbach Glanense]]<ref name="Rigenbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suis ex homonymis fluminibus. Quibus ultimis, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Reichenbach&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Reichenbach''', r.z. Fils (...) in Richenbach (...) '''Reichenbach''' (z. Simmerbach (...) usque in Rigen-bach, an Rigenbach deorsum (...)".</ref> | Richenbach Glanense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Godesbergensis]]<ref name="Rivus Godesbergensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Godesbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Godesberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Godesberger Bach'' seu ''Arzdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Rettenberg)|Rottach Hilariae Rettenbergense]]<ref name="Rettenbergensis">Gentilicium Latinum "Rettenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Rettenberger'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Saidenbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seltenbacum (Niceri)|Seltenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seltenbach'' seu ''Sandegraben'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Schwale'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Trettach]] | | ''Trettach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Welzbacum (Moenus)|Welzbacum Moeni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Welzbach'' seu ''Pflaumbach'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ymene]]<ref name="Ymene">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihme#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''supra aquam dictam Ymene'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Ihme'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Zarow]] | | ''Zarow'' | align="right" | 16 | [[Lacuna Stetinensis]] | [[Zarow]] |- | [[Affeldrahe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Affalteren<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Affeltere<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Effelder'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Itessa]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alestra secunda|Alestra Secunda]]<ref name="Alestra Secunda">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Wei%C3%9Fe_Elster)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) (''1122 Alestra secunda, 1165 Helstre inferius'') (...)".</ref> | Helstre Inferius<ref name="Alestra Secunda"/> | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Kleine Elster'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Amlake]]<ref name="Amlake">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmelke hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste schriftliche Erwähnung der Emmelke war 1185 als ''Amlake'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Emmelke'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Medemahem]]<ref name="Medemahem"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Angere (Ambra)|Angere Ambrae]]<ref name="Angere Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']</ref> | Angeren Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angera Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Anger Ambrae<ref name="Angere Ambrae"/> seu Angero Ambrae<ref name="Angero Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Angere Rheni. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_(Rhein)#Namen hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die früheste bekannte urkundliche Erwähnung unter dem Namen ''Angero'' stammt aus dem Jahr 875 (...)".</ref> | ''Angerbach'' seu ''Ramseer Bach'' seu ''Stadtbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bramau]] | | ''Bramau'' seu ''Stellau'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Stora]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnisach]] | | ''Brunnisach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lacus Bodamicus]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Deinaha]]<ref name="Deinaha">Vide ''Acta Sanctorum. Index Topographicus'', ubi dicitur "(...) Deinaha ''Teinach'', flumen in Germania (...)".</ref> | | ''Teinach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gauchsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gauchsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Swareza]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gornitzbacum (Alestra)|Gornitzbacum Alestrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Görnitzbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | |''Halblech'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Der Alte Bach'' seu ''Dransdorfer Bach'' seu ''Rheindorfer Bach'' seu ''Mondorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hergstbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hergstbach'' seu ''Hergstgraben'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horbinstenon]]<ref name="Beste"/> | Bestene<ref name="Beste"/> | ''Beste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Hundem]] | | ''Hundem'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Liersbacum (Ara)|Liersbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Liersbach'' seu ''Rosensiefen'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lobbacum (Elisinza)|Lobbacum Elisinzae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lobbach'' seu ''Maienbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Maade]] | | ''Maade'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Sinus Iathanus]]<ref name="Petrus Lucusaltianus">[http://www.lateinlexikon.com ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum vel Vocabularium Latinitatis Huius Aetatis''], auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo.</ref> | [[Maade]] |- | [[Mohrbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Mohrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Morsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Morsbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Neyrthere (flumen)|Neyrthere]]<ref name="Neyrthere">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neerdar_(Willingen)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte schriftliche Erwähnung von Neerdar erfolgte unter dem Namen ''Neyrthere'' im Jahr 1244.^[3] Ein ''Regenhardus de Neyrthere'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Neerdar'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Aa Fera]]<ref name="Aa Fera"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ösper]] | | ''Ösper'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Přísečnice#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) quae ducit de oppido Presnitz (...)".</ref> | |''Preßnitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha Rechenbergensis]]<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch]. Gentilicio "Rechenbergensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Rechenberger" vertitur.</ref> | Rotaha Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> seu Rota Rechenbergensis<ref name="Raodhaha Rechenbergensis"/> | ''Rechenberger Rot'' seu ''Rotbach'' seu ''Gunzenbach'' seu ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rhene (Dimel)|Rhene Dimelense]] | | ''Rhene'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Dimel]]<ref name="Dimel"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Ahrenhorstensis]]<ref name="Rivus Ahrenhorstensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Ahrenhorstensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Ahrenhorster'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ahrenhorster Bach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Werse]]<ref name="Werse"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rosenbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Filisa (Naba)|Filisa Nabae]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Salzbacum (Rhenus)|Salzbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Alia nomina | ''Salzbach'' seu ''Rambach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sarna (flumen)|Sarna]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Sarno<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnus<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Sarnum<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Sahrbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Strudelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Strudelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Enze]]<ref name="Enze"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Twista (Osta)|Twista Ostae]]<ref name="Twista Ostae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Theodisce ''Twiste''. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Arlau (...) prope Twistam (...) Tuistai, (963–1037, Kopie 15. Jh.) (...) Tuistina (...) in Tuista, 1127 in Tviste, 1235 (Kopie) de Twiste, 1240 HG.A.14, S. 419. (Kopie 14./15. Jh.) de Tuiste, 1251 in Thuiste, de Thuiste, 1257 de Twiste (und weitere Belege), 1310 in Twer- ¢ quer-. Duiste, (um 1350) prope tuisten (...)".</ref> | Tuistina Ostae seu Tuistai Ostae seu Tuista Ostae seu Twiste Ostae seu Tuiste Ostae seu Thuiste Ostae seu Tuisten Ostae | ''Twiste'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Osta (flumen)|Osta]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldangelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldangelbach'' seu ''Angelbach'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Leimbach (Rhenus, Bruowele)|Leimbach Rheni Bruowelense]]<ref name="Bruowelense"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wellingbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wellingbach'' | align="right" | 15 | ? | ? |- | [[Wochniza]]<ref name="Wochniza">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wakenitz hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Chronist Helmold von Bosau erwähnt sie Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in seiner ''Chronica Slavorum'' unter den Bezeichnungen ''wochniza'' oder ''wochenice'' (...)".</ref> | Wochenice<ref name="Wochniza"/> | ''Wakenitz'' | align="right" | 15 | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Trabena]]<ref name=Gr/> |} ===Flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 14 et 10 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Aabacum (Affata)|Aabacum Affatae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aabach'' seu ''Aa'' seu ''Große Aa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Affata]]<ref name="Affata"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ach Trauchgauense]]<ref name="Trauchgauense">Gentilicio "Trauchgauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium "Trauchgauer" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Trauchgauer Ach'' seu ''Ach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Halbleche]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aqua Crinitzensis]]<ref name="Aqua Crinitzensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Crinitzensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Crinitzer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Crinitzer Wasser'' seu ''Crinitzbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rotina (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="Rotina Muldae Zviccaviensis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Awinpach (Elsava)|Awinpach Elsavae]]<ref name="Awinpach Elsavae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://api.pageplace.de/preview/DT0400.9783110338591_A21718271/preview-9783110338591_A21718271.pdf ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | | ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bära Inferior]]<ref name="Bära Inferior">Adiectivo "inferior" Theodiscum adiectivum "Untere" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Untere Bära'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bära]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Belina (Flöha)|Belina Flohae]]<ref name="Belina Flöhae">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Bielabach'' seu ''Biela'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bistrice]]<ref name="Bistrice">[https://de.wikisource.org/wiki/Zur_Geschichte_der_Besiedelung_der_Dresdner_Gegend Zur Geschichte der Besiedelung der Dresdner Gegend], ubi dicitur "Buistrizi ist der urkundliche, mit dem Flußnamen der Weißeritz (Wisteritz, 1206 flumen Bistrice, 1366 Wistricz) zusammenhängende Name des Burgwards (...)".</ref> | Buistrizi<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wisteritz<ref name="Bistrice"/> seu Wistricz<ref name="Bistrice"/> | ''Weißeritz'' seu ''Vereinigte Weißeritz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Blabbergraben]] | | ''Blabbergraben'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bockau Magnum]]<ref name="Große"/> | | ''Große Bockau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Boye (flumen)|Boye]] | | ''Boye'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erle (flumen)|Erle]] | | ''Erle'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Nava (Schleuse)|Nava Schleusensis]]<ref name="Nava Schleusensis"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fisgobah (Bilerna)|Fisgobah Bilernae]]<ref name="Fisgobah Bilernae">Vide [https://www.dbnl.org/tekst/_naa002198101_01/_naa002198101_01_0008.php Naamkunde. Jaargang 13], ubi dicitur "(...) 817 Fischach (passim) naast 890 Fisgobah (gen mv.) (...)".</ref> | | ''Fischach'' seu ''Alte Fischach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fossa principalis Buckauensis|Fossa Principalis Buckauensis]]<ref name="Fossa Principalis Buckauensis">Substantivum Latinum "fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et substantivum Latinum "principalis-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Haupt-'' et gentilicium Latinum "Buckauensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Buckauer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Buckauer Hauptgraben'' seu ''Kobser Bach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Buckau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene">Vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schafbach_(Elbbach)#Name articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Bis 1270 trug der Bach den Namen Hene, wovon sich der Ortsname Höhn ableitet (...)".</ref> | | ''Schafbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Elbbach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lautenbach (Flöha)|Lautenbach Flöha]]<ref name="Lautenbach">Fingitur huius fluminis nomen homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de topononymo, vide [file:///C:/Users/34622/Downloads/Pars%20III.%20Status%20ecclesiasticus%20regularis%20episcopatus%20Wirceburgensis.pdf ]Pars III. Status ecclesiasticus regularis episcopatus Wirceburgensis, ubi dicitur "(...) ibique abiurata fide et ducta uxore primo civium praetorem, dein praefectum in Lautenbach egit (...)".</ref> | | ''Lautenbach'' seu ''Pfützenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Milzisa]]<ref name="Milzisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BClmisch#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der schriftliche Erstbeleg stammt vermutlich von einer im 11. Jh. gefälschten Urkunde, die in das Jahr 786 datiert wird. Hierin wird ein Fluss als ''Milzisa'' genannt (...)".</ref> | | ''Mülmisch'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Polava]] | Pöhlbach |''Pöhlbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Casleocanus-a-um" ad oppidum [[Casleoca]]m refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kesseling#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Klosterzelle ''Casleoca'' war (...)".</ref> | | ''Kesselinger Bach'' seu ''Staffeler Bach'' seu ''Blasweiler Bach'' seu ''Auelbach'' seu ''Densbach'' seu ''Heckenbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Weesenensis]]<ref name="Rivus Weesenensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Weesenensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Weesener'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weesener Bach'' seu ''Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | | [[Rottach (Hilaria, Cambodunum)|Rottach Hilariae Cambodunense]]<ref name="Cambodunense">Gentilicium Latinum "Cambodunensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ad [[Cambodunum]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Rottach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hilaria (flumen)|Hilaria]]<ref name="Hilaria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schmerach]] | | ''Schmerach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sconibrunno (Licus, Hohenfurch)|Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis]]<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) ON. Schonach (Schwarzwald971–um 977) iuxta fontem … Sconibrunno, 833 (Kopie Baar-Kreis, B.-W., D), 1275 Schonach, 1326 Schona, 12. Jh.) super fontem … Schonibrunno (...)".</ref> | Schonibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schonach Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> seu Schona Lici Hohenfurchensis<ref name="Sconibrunno Lici Hohenfurchensis"/> | ''Schönach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Licus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sindelbacum (Iages)|Sindelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sindelbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Talbacum (Glan)|Talbacum Glanense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Talbach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulfe (Suntraha)|Ulfe Suntrahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Suntraha]]<ref name="Suntraha"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldaffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Waldaphen<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Waldaffe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Walluf'' seu ''Wallufbach'' seu ''Waldaffa'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wierau]] | | ''Wierau'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wirsenicz (Alestra)|Wirsenicz Alestrae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wersnicz Alestrae<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Würschnitzbach'' seu ''Würschnitz'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Yach (Ambrae)|Yach Ambrae]]<ref name="Yach Ambrae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Yach in Enze influente. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=H%C3%B6fen&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur " (...) 2Eyach, l.z. Enz (...) ad fluvium ... Yach (...)".</ref> | | ''Eyach'' | align="right" | 14 | [[Ambra (flumen)|Ambra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Aranbach (Muda)|Aranbach Mudae]]<ref name="Aranbach Mudae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohrenbach_(Mud)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Bach wurde 1012 als ''Aranbach'' erstmals schriftlich genannt(...)".</ref> | | ''Ohrenbach'' seu ''Ohrnbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Au Wedelense]]<ref name="Wedelense">Gentilicium Latinum "Wedelensis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Wedeler'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Wedeler Au'' seu ''Wedelbeck'' seu ''Wedelbek'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | | ''Beber'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ora (Albis)|Ora Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Birkigsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Birkigsbach'' seu ''Auegraben'' seu ''Näßlichbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eiderbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Eiderbach'' seu ''Eiderbachgraben'' seu ''Eiterbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Marsbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Farnthrapa]]<ref name="Farnthrapa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felderbach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) 837 ''inter duo flumina ... farnthrapa'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Felderbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Nicer, Sulza)|Fluvius Molendinorum Niceri]] [[Sulz am Neckar|Sulzae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine [[Bauzanum|Bauzanensi]]. De hoc flumine, vide [https://www.schloesslmuehle.com/?page_id=2052 17 Mühlen in Bozen – die Geschichte der heutigen Schlösslmühle], ubi dicitur "(...) Die älteste bekannte urkundliche Nennung des Mühlbaches geschieht um 1180-90 und lautet „fluvius molendinorum“, was wörtlich übersetzt „der Wasserlauf der Mühlen“ oder kurz „Mühlbach“ bedeutet (...)". </ref> | Mühlbach<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Geraha (flumen)|Geraha]]<ref name="Geraha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Neckargerach#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Neckargerach wurde im Jahr 976 erstmals als Geraha erwähnt, was eine gebräuchliche Bezeichnung für ein sprudelndes Gewässer war, und gleichermaßen den Ort als auch das ihn durchfließende Gewässer bezeichnete (...)".</ref> | | ''Seebach'' seu ''Gerach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hehlenriede]] | |''Hehlenriede'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Canalis Alarae]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Herschbacus|Herschbacus]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt Glossarium">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.). (s. f.). ''Glossarium: Latin-German Place Names''. Regnum Francorum Online.</ref> | Hergispach<ref name="Hergispach">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschbach#Geschichte articulum huius oppidi apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Es ist anzunehmen, dass dieses Areal schon früher besiedelt wurde, da in der Engerser Chronik 963 ein Ort namens ''Hergispach'' auftaucht. Der Ortsname entwickelt sich über 1267 ''Herincsbach'' (...)".</ref> seu Herincsbach<ref name="Hergispach"/> | ''Herschbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rivus Casleocanus]]<ref name="Rivus Casleocanus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Horne (flumen)|Horne]] | | ''Horne'' seu ''Hornebach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kerspe]] | | ''Kerspe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lierbacum (Reineche)|Lierbacum Reinechense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lierbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Reineche]]<ref name="Reineche"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Luppa Nova]]<ref name="Luppa Nova">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "novus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Neu" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Neue Luppe'' seu ''Luppe-Kanal'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Alestra]]<ref name="Alestra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mare (Wiscoz)|Mare Wiscozense]]<ref name="Mare Wiscozense">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Meerbach&f=false Etymologie der Gewässernamen], ubi dicitur "(...) '''Meerbach'' (...) riuum quendam effluentem de Stagno quod vocatur mare, 1250 mari (...)".</ref> | Mari Wiscozense<ref name="Mare Wiscozense"/> | ''Meerbach'' seu ''Schliefenbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nesenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nesenbach'' seu ''Vaihinger Bach'' seu ''Kaltentaler Bach'' seu ''Laisebach'' seu ''Furtbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nevigisa]]<ref name="Nevigisa">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardenberger_Bach#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Ursprünglich hieß der Bach ''Neuigisa'' (875) bzw. ''Navigisa'' (10./11. Jh.) (...)".</ref> | Navigisa<ref name="Nevigisa"/> | ''Hardenberger Bach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Thidela]]<ref name="Thidela"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ose (Nethe)|Ose Nethense]]<ref name="Ose Nethense">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96se_(Nethe) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) „ab utraque parte fluvii Ose“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Öse'' seu ''Oese'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nethe (Visurgis)|Nethe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Owe Occidentale]]<ref name="Westaue"/> | | ''Westaue'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Layna]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Pobelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Pöbelbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Rubrum Bistrice]]<ref name="Rubrum Bistrice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013">Nietzschmann, E. (2013). ''Die Freien auf dem Lande: Ehemalige deutsche Reichsdörfer und ihre Wappen''. [[Guelpherbytum|Guelpherbyti]]: Melchior.</ref> | | ''Freisbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Amsara)|Rivulus Niger Amsarae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' seu ''Mühlen Bach'' seu ''Preußische Uraufnahme'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Amsara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rota (Duria)|Rota Duriae]]<ref name="Rota Duriae">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis oppidis Theodisce ''Roth''. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Roth'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Duria (Danubius)|Duria Danubii]]<ref name="Duria"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slieraha]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/><ref name="Manachfialta"/> | | ''Schlierach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Manachfialta]]<ref name="Manachfialta"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Slitisa (flumen)|Slitisa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Slidese<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Schlitz'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Steinalp]] | | ''Steinalp'' seu ''Steinalb'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Glan (Nava)|Glan Navae]]<ref name="Glan Navae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Steinhaha (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Steinhaha Niceri]] [[Nurtinga|Nurtingensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Steinaha Niceri Nurtingensis<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Steinach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tiefenbacum (Nicer, Nurtinga)|Tiefenbacum Niceri]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Nurtinga|Nurtingense]] | | ''Tiefenbach'' seu ''Saubach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulmbacum (Kincicha)|Ulmbacum Kincichae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ulmbach'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ulvina]]<ref name="Ulvina">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanzelbach#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Kanzelbach wurde erstmals im Jahre 772 als "Uluina", gesprochen [ˈylviːna], erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Röschbach'' seu ''Altenbach'' seu ''Kanzelbach'' seu ''Kandelbach'' seu ''Ilbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ursena Parva]]<ref name="Ursena Parva">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine maiore. Cui ultimo, vide articulum [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=%C3%96rtze&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch'']. Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Kleine'' vertitur.</ref> | Ursene Parvum<ref name="Ursena Parva"/> | ''Kleine Örtze'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Werbe]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Werve<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Werbe'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Wilzsch]] | | ''Wilzsch'' | align="right" | 13 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Allerbeeke]] | | ''Allerbeeke'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abzucht_(Oker)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name leitet sich hierbei vom lat. Wort ''aquaeductus'' ab. So lautet die Ersterwähnung des Flusses im Jahr 1271 ''Agetucht'' (...)".</ref> | Agetucht Ovacrae | ''Abzucht'' seu ''Wintertalbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Ovacra]]<ref name="Ovacra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Banefe]] | Bannefe | ''Banfe'' seu ''Oberster Fischelbach'' seu ''Fischelbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bibara (Schleuse)|Bibara Schleusensis]]<ref name="Bibara Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://search.ortsnamen.ch/de/record/5029908 ortsnamen.ch], ubi dicitur "(...) et inde sinistrorsum per plateam usque Rammesheim in fluvium Bibara (...)".</ref> | Bibera<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymis e fluviis. De quorum ultimorum nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Biber&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''] (...)".</ref> seu Biberaha<ref name="Bibera Schleusensis"/> | ''Biber'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Schleuse]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Colmnitzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Colmnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Bobritzsch (flumen)|Bobritzsch]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Wippera)|Eschbach Wipperae]]<ref name="Eschbach Wipperae">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e hydronymo. Hoc de hydronymo, vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Eselsbacum (Lutra)|Eselsbacum Lutrae]]<ref name="-bacum">Germanica toponyma cum suffixo ''-bach'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-bacum-i", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Forbacum]], [[Gengenbacum]], [[Lambacum]], [[Muorbacum]], [[Orbacum]], [[Rohrbacum]], [[Rosbacum]], [[Rubeacum]], [[Solisbacum]], [[Swabacum]], [[Abacum (Germania)|Abacum]], [[Brubacum]], [[Corbacum]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Eselsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Greifenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Greifenbach'' seu ''Rotes Wasser'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Scopa (flumen)|Scopa]]<ref name="Albinus 1590"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Haselbachium (Saidenbacum)|Haselbachium]]<ref name="Haselbach">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo e toponymo. Hoc de toponymo, vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camena/calam1/calaminusrudolphottocarus.html ''RUDOLPHOTTOCARUS AUSTRIACA TRAGOEDIA GEORGIO CALAMINO SILESIO AUCTORE: ACTUS PRIMUS''], ubi dicitur "(...) et apud Haselbachium (...)".</ref> | | ''Haselbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Saidenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Hedera (flumen)|Hedera]]<ref name="Hedera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heder#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Heder wird zwischen 836 und 840 erstmals schriftlich erwähnt (''Hedera'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Heder'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Iassaffa (Luder)|Iassaffa Luderensis]]<ref name="Iassaffa">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Jossa'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Luder (flumen)|Luder]]<ref name="Luder"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itter_(Eder)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) ''itre riuus'' (...)".</ref> | | ''Itter'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Adrana]]<ref name="Adrana"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Knochenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wiggenbach'' seu ''Berlebecke'' seu ''Knochenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Wachna]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Krebsbacum (Tyra)|Krebsbacum Tyrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Tyra (flumen)|Tyra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kuhbacum (Itre)|Kuhbacum Itrense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kuhbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Itre]]<ref name="Itre"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lache (Kincicha)|Lache Kincichae]] | | ''Lache'' seu ''Rodenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- |- | [[Lutturu (Hardna)|Lutturu Hardnae]]<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo apud [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Lutter&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Lutteru Hardnae<ref name="Lutturu Hardnae"/> | ''Lutter'' seu ''Bielefelder Lutter'' seu ''Weser-Lutter'' seu ''Lutterbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardna]]<ref name="Hardna"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Michelsbacum (Rhenus)|Michelsbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Michelsbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mulahgowe]]<ref name="Mulahgowe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maulach_(Fluss)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt 846 im Gaunamen Maulachgau (''Mulahgouue'') erstmals schriftlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Maulach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Musbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Muosbah<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můsbahc<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Můspach<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Mußbach'' seu ''Muschbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Rehbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Otimot]]<ref name="Otimot">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autmut#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ist im 11. Jahrhundert in den Formen „Otimot“ und „Ottmuot“, im 17. Jahrhundert als „Ottnach“ belegt (...)".</ref> | Ottmuot<ref name="Otimot"/> | ''Autmut'' seu ''Autmutbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pfefferfließ]] | | ''Pfefferfließ'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Nieplitz]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Plohnbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Plohnbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Golz]]<ref name="Golz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Antichensis]]<ref name="Rivus Antichensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Antichensis-e" ad oppidum [[Antiche]] refertur.</ref> | | ''Endenicher Bach'' seu ''Katzenlochbach'' seu ''Lengsdorfer Bach'' seu ''Villiper Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hardtbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Hachinger]]<ref name="Rivus">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Hachinger Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hüllgraben]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Hartmanstorphensis]]<ref name="Rivus Hartmanstorphensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Hartmanstorph]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fhartmannsdorf#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung erfolgte 1368 als Hartmanstorph (...)".</ref> | | ''Großhartmannsdorfer Bach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mulda Fribergensis]]<ref name="MF"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Sitzenrodaensis|Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis]]<ref name="Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Rivus Sitzenrodaënsis-e" Theodiscum gentilicium ''Sitzenrodaer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Sitzenrodaer Bach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' seu ''Neumühlbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Heidebacum (Fossa Nigra)|Heidebacum Fossae Nigrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Sandbacum (Presnitz)|Sandbacun Presnitzense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Sandbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Presnitz (flumen)|Presnitz]]<ref name="Presnitz"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schwarzenbacum (Naba silvatica)|Schwarzenbacum Nabae Silvaticae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schwarzenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Naba silvatica|Naba Silvatica]]<ref name="Naba silvatica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Oenopolis)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Oenopolis|Oenopolitanum]]<ref>Vide [https://forum.ahnenforschung.net/forum/allgemeine-diskussionsforen/begriffserkl-rung-wortbedeutung-und-abk-rzungen/2932224-begriff-oenopoli-scabini ''forum.ahnenforschung.net''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ein scabinus war in etwa ein Ratsherr, und Oenopolis ist "Weinstadt" (...)".</ref> | | ''Schweizerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Gädheim)|Seebach Gädheimense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Starzel (Prime)|Starzel Primensis]]<ref name="Starzel Primensis">Fingitur hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Ultimo cui, vide [https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ/bub_gb_PLE_AAAAYAAJ_djvu.txt], ubi dicitur "(...) ad sinistram ripam Starzel rivi (...) Starzell diversorium in colle, ad rivulum in Wanpach fluentem (...)".</ref> | Starzell Primense<ref name="Starzel Primensis"/> | ''Starzel'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Prime]]<ref name="Prime"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trebnitium]]<ref name="Trebnitium">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Trebenezi<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczya<ref name="Trebnitium"/> seu Trebniczensis<ref name="Trebnitium"/> | ''Trebnitz'' seu ''Trebnitzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Mohelnice]]<ref name="Mohelnice"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Hasalana)|Westerbacum Hasalanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Hasalaha (Mintela)|Hasalana Mintelae]]<ref name="Hasalaha Mintelae"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Wetuffa]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Wettiffa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfa<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfhe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wetfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Wettfe<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Wetzbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Laugana]]<ref name="Murray">{{Murray}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wildebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wildebach'' seu ''Wildenbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Helre]]<ref name="Helre"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wirftbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Wirftbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Trierbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zimmerbacum (Starzel)|Zimmerbacum Starzelense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Zimmerbach'' | align="right" | 12 | [[Starzel (Nicer)|Starzel Niceri]]<ref name="Starzel Niceri"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aqua Cunewaldensis]]<ref name="Aqua Cunewaldensis">Substantivum "Aqua-ae" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Wasser'' vertit et gentilicium "Cunewaldensis-e" ad oppidum [[Cunewalde]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cunewalde#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Als Lokator der neuen Ansiedlung wird ein gewisser Henricus de Cunewalde angesehen, (...)".</ref> | | ''Cunewalder Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Bewer]] | | ''Bewer'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ilmede]]<ref name="Ilmede"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Biverna (Visurgis)|Biverna Visurgis]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Visurgis<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Buhlertalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Bühlertalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Drusel]] | | ''Drusel'' seu ''Kleine Fulda'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gablenzbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gablenzbach'' seu ''Stollberger Wasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Wirsenicz (Caminizi rivus)|Wirsenicz Caminizi rivi]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grimmbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grimmbach'' seu ''Steinach'' seu ''Grümbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Cochera]]<ref name="Cochera"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Haldenbacum (Remisus, Endersbacum)|Haldenbacum Remisi Endersbachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Endersbacense">Gentilicium "Endersbacensis-e" ad oppidum [[Endersbacum]] (Theodisce ''Endersbach'') refertur.</ref> | | ''Haldenbach'' seu ''Stettener Bach'' seu ''Alter Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Helmbacum (Spira)|Helmbacum Spirae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Helmbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Spira (Rhenus)|Spira Rheni]]<ref name="Spira"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Swarza Bavarica)|Huttenbacum Swarzae Bavaricae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Swarza Bavarica]]<ref name="Swarza Bavarica"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Kampfelbacum (flumen)|Kampfelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kämpfelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Phunzin]]<ref name="Phunzin"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lohrbacum (Awinpach)|Lohrbacum Awinpachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lohrbach'' seu ''Heinrichsthaler Lohr'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Awinpach (Lara)|Awinpach Larae]]<ref name="Awinpach Larae"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mühlenwasser]] | | ''Mühlenwasser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Erpe (Tuistina)|Erpe]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Nebelbeeke]] | | ''Nebelbeeke'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Warme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Orbaha]]<ref name="Orbaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_(Kinzig)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Gewässer wird 1059 als ''Orbaha'' erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Orb'' seu ''Aubach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Kincicha]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Pyra Magna]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | | ''Große Pyra'' seu ''Große Bühra'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Raodhaha (Lein, Voggenberger Sägmühle)|Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle]]<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. Cui ultimo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Oberrot&f=false Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch].</ref> | Rotaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> seu Rota Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle<ref name="Raodhaha Leinensis de Voggenberger Sägmühle"/> | ''Rot'' seu ''Kaiserbacher Rot'' seu ''Mosbach'' seu ''Schwarze Rot'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Lein (Cochera)|Lein]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis]]<ref name="Rivus Brunheimensis Alfterensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Brunhiemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Brumheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird der Hauptort Bornheim als „Brunheim“ im Bonngau, in der Grafschaft des Grafen Ehrenfried, erstmals am 2. August 945 genannt (...)". Denique, Gentilicium Latinum "Alfterensis-e" Theodiscum ''Alfterer'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Alfterer Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mirbach'' seu ''Görresbach'' seu ''Roisdorfer'' seu ''Bornheimer Bach'' seu ''Mühlenbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Mielenheimensis]]<ref name="Rivus Mielenheimensis]]">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Mielenheimensis-e" ad oppidum [[Mielenheim]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehlem#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Urkundlich wird Mehlem erstmals im April 804 als ''Mielenheim'' genannt, wo dem Bonner Cassiusstift ein Weingut geschenkt wird (...)".</ref> | | ''Mehlemer Bach'' seu ''Eichenackersbach'' seu ''Kernbach'' seu ''Züllighovener Bach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schaafbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Schaafbach'' seu '' Schafbach'' seu ''Ahrmühle'' seu ''Eichholzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Schweizerbacum (Remisus, Laurissa)|Schweizerbacum Remisi]]<ref name="-bacum"/> [[Lorch (Badenia-Virtembergia)|Laurissae]] | | ''Schweizerbach'' seu ''Wettenbach'' seu ''Mutlanger Haselbach'' seu ''Haselbach'' seu ''Tannbach'' seu ''Waldauer Bach'' seu ''Alfdorfer Haselbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Siesbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nava (flumen)|Nava]]<ref name="Fabricius II 1898"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Solisbacum (Moenus)|Solisbacum Moeni]]<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Sultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zulsbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> seu Zultzbacum Moeni<ref name="Solisbacum Moeni"/> | ''Sulzbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sorbitz]] | | ''Sorbitz'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Speltach]] | | ''Speltach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sperrlutter]] | | ''Sperrlutter'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Odera (Ruma)|Odera Rumae]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Threne]] | | ''Threne'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Parda (flumen)|Parda]]<ref name="Bavarikon"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulfe (Fuldaha)|Ulfe Fuldahae]] | | ''Ulfe'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vesser (flumen)|Vesser]] | | ''Vesser'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Breitenbacum (Erle)|Breitenbacum Erlense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Vischelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Vischelbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vulle]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | | ''Fulde'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Böhme (flumen)|Böhme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Waldbacum (Gabelbacum)|Waldbacum Gabelbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' seu ''Mangelsbach'' seu ''Wattbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Walse]] | | ''Walse'' seu ''Sählenbach'' seu ''Beek'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Weraha|Weraha Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Weggentalbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weggentalbach'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Zschampert]] | | ''Zschampert'' | align="right" | 11 | [[Luppa Vetus|Luppa Vetus]]<ref name="Alte Luppe">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luppe_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wurde 1216 als „Luppa fluvio“ erstmals urkundlich erwähnt (...)". Adiectivo "vetus veteris" Theodiscum adiectivum "Alte" vertitur.</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Aalenbach'' seu ''Äulesbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bilerna]]<ref name="Bühler"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biverna (Wippera)|Biverna Wippera]]<ref name="Biverna">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Beverna Wipperae<ref name="Biverna"/> | ''Bever'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brunau (Ursena)|Brunau Ursenae]] | | ''Brunau'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ursena]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Dreisbacum (Ara)|Dreisbacum Arae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dreisbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Ara (flumen)|Ara]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dammbacum (Elsava)|Dammbacum Elsavae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dammbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elsava]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Dusebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Dusebach'' seu ''Duse'' seu ''Dause'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mühlenwasser]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Fischbacum (Gaspentia)|Fischbacum Gaspentiae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Fischbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Gaspentia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Griessebacum (flumen)|Griessebacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grießebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Humme]] | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Gronach]] | | ''Gronach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hadoluespach]]<ref name="Hadoluespach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halsbach_(Alz) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Ort Halsbach wird ca. 790 als ''Hadoluespach'' erstmals urkundlich genannt. (...)".</ref> | | ''Halsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Alzus]]<ref name="Alzus"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hetzbacum (Flöha)|Hetzbacum Flöhae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hetzbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Flöha]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kappelbacum (Zurrega)|Kappelbacum Zurregae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kappelbach'' seu ''Hardtbach'' seu ''Krebsbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zurrega (flumen)|Zurrega]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lossnitzbacum (Mulda Zviccaviensis)|Lossnitzbacum Muldae Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lößnitzbach'' seu ''Affalterbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Mooslauter]] | | ''Mooslauter'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lutra (Glanis)|Lutra Glanensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Mordgrundbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | Slatina | ''Mordgrundbach'' seu ''Mordgrund'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bahra (Gotlaviae)|Bahra Gotlaviae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olepe]]<ref name="Olepe">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olpe_(Bigge)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name tritt als ''Olepe'' 1120 erstmals urkundlich in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Olpe'' seu ''Altenkleusheimer Bach'' seu ''Olpebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Bigge]]<ref name="Bigge"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rigenbach (Zahme Gera)|Rigenbach Zahmegerense]]<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | Richenbach Zahmegerense<ref name="Rigenbach"/> | ''Reichenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Zahme Gera]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus Belehemensis]]<ref name="Rivus Belehemensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Belehem]] refertur. Ultimo huic toponymo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belm#Geschichte articulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Später wurde daraus Belehm (1224), dann Belham (1483)[23] und am Ende Belm. Im Jahre 1853 schlossen sich die Bauerschaften zur Samtgemeinde Belm zusammen (...)".</ref> | | ''Belmer Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Hassa]]<ref name="Hassa"/> | [[Amisia]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Berwangensis]]<ref name="Rivus Berwangensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et gentilicium "Belehemensis-e" ad oppidum [[Berwangen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Zeitschrift_f%C3%BCr_die_Geschichte_des_Oberrheins._Bd._038%2C_1885_%28IA_zeitschriftfurdi3818unse%29.pdf Zeitschrift für die Geschichte des Oberrheins], ubi dicitur "(...) Georgius Fridericus Taub, Berwangensis (...)".</ref> | | ''Berwanger Bach'' seu ''Feldgraben'' seu ''Birkenbach'' seu ''Alte Bach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Elisinza]]<ref name="Elisinza"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Henrici]]<ref name="Rivus Henrici">Fingitur hydronymum hoc ex informatione de [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrichsbach_(Wachenbach) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Heinrichsbach ist wohl so benannt, weil Kaiser Heinrich IV. einige Zeit in der Umgebung lebte (...)".</ref> | | ''Heinrichswasser'' seu ''Heinrichsbach'' seu ''Cunerichswasser'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wachenbacum (Lara)|Wachenbacum Larae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rissbacum (Iages)|Rissbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rißbach'' seu ''Hollenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rotelbacum (Iages)|Rotelbacum Iagis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rötelbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Iages]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rubrum Packaw]]<ref name="Rubrum Packaw">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo oppido. De hoc ultimo, vide [[:de:Pockau#Geschichte|articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Die erstmalige Erwähnung des Ortes erfolgte im Jahre 1365 als „Packaw“ (...)". Adiectivo "rubrum" Theodiscum adiectivum ''Rote'' vertitur.</ref> | | ''Rote Pockau'' seu ''Halbmeilenbach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Nigrum Packaw]]<ref name="Nigrum Packaw"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schlema (flumen)|Schlema]] | | ''Schlema'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Mulda Zviccaviensis]]<ref name="MZ"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Schobse]] | | ''Schobse'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Wohlrose]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Onestrudis)|Seebacum Onestrudis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rhenus)|Seebacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Suropo (Lena)|Suropo Lenae]]<ref name="Suropo">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo toponymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Obersorpe, Mittelsorpe, Niedersorpe (Stadt Schmallenberg), 1072, 1101–31 Suropo, 1122 Sorbece, 1281–1313, 14. Jh. Sorpe, 14. Jh. Sorp superior, Sorp inferior (...)".</ref> | Sorbece Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorpe Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> seu Sorp Lenae<ref name="Suropo"/> | ''Sorpe'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Lena (Rura)|Lena]]<ref name="Lena"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tonna (flumen)|Tonna]] | | ''Tonna'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Onestrudis]]<ref name="Onestrudis"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Ulsna|Ůlsna]]<ref name="Ulsna">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oelze_(Fluss)#Geschichte hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss wird erstmals in einer Urkunde aus dem Jahre 1229 unter dem Namen Ůlsna erwähnt (...)".</ref> | | ''Oelze'' | align="right" | 10 | [[Schwarza (Sala)|Schwarza Salae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Waldbacum (Fossa Terrestris)|Waldbacum Fossae Terrestris]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Waldbach'' | align="right" | 10 | Fossa Terrestris<ref name="Landgraben">Substantivum "Fossa-ae" Theodiscam vocem ''Graben'' et adiectivum Latinum "terrestris-e" Theodiscum praefixum ''Land-'' vertit.</ref> | ? |} ===Flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 9 et 5 chiliometra longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Elera (Ruma)|Elera Rumae]]<ref name="Elera Rumae">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e fluvio Elerā in Net influente. De quo ultimo homonymo, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Elera&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''].</ref> | Elra Rumae<ref name="Elera Rumae"/> |''Eller'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ruma (Layna)|Ruma]]<ref name="Ruma"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Finkenbacum (Hombacum)|Finkenbacum Hombacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Finkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Hombacum (Othmunda)|Hombacum Othmundae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Grana (flumen)|Grana]]<ref name="Granae">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grane_(Fluss) hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss tritt in seinen ersten urkundlichen Erwähnungen des 12. Jahrhunderts als ''Grana'' in Erscheinung (...)".</ref> | | ''Grane'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Indistra]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref><ref name="Indistra"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Linkenbacum (Aisca)|Linkenbacum Aiscae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Linkenbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Aisca]]e<ref name="Aisca"/> fossa inundatibilis | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Loufaha]] | Louffa | ''Laufach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Ascafa]]<ref name="Ascafa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Saletio)|Fluvius Molendinorum Saletionis]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | Mühlbach Saletionis<ref name="Mühlbach">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo flumine. De hoc flumine, vide www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu, ubi dicitur "(...) Hodie rivus Mühlbach, quem incolae vocant (...)".</ref> | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Breitenbrunnensis]]<ref name="Rivus Breitenbrunnensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Breitenbrunnensis-e" Theodiscum ''Breitenbrunner'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Breitenbrunner Bach'' seu ''Spitzerbach'' | align="right" | 9 | [[Rosenbacum (Filisa)|Rosenbacum Filisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Eschbach (Nida)|Eschbach Nidae]]<ref name="Eschbach Nidae">Vide [https://www.geschichte-nieder-eschbach.de/startseite/nieder-eschbacher-chronik/ Heimat- und Geschichtesverein Nieder-Eschbach], ubi dicitur "(...) „Eschbach inferior“ (...)".</ref> | |''Eschbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Nida (Moenus)|Nida Moeni]]<ref name="Nida Moeni"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gabelbacum (Muda)|Gabelbacum Mudae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Gabelbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grunnelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Grunnelbach'' seu ''Grunnel-Bach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Fuldaha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rechtenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Rechtenbach'' seu ''Kaibach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rohrbacum (Dürnach)|Rohrbacum Dürnachense]]<ref name="Rohrbacum Dürnachense">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex oppido homonymo. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | | ''Rohrbach'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Dürnach]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Sinse]]<ref name="Sinse">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e lacū. De cuius ultimi nomine, vide [https://books.google.de/books?id=rqboBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA381#v=snippet&q=Sims&f=false ''Albrecht Greule Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope lacum Sinse (...)".</ref> | | ''Sims'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Aha Rordorfensis]]<ref name="Aha Rordorfensis"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Swelmenaha]]<ref name="Swelmenaha">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwelme hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Name ''Schwelme'' geht auf „Swelma auch Swelmna“ zurück. Aber auch vorher wurde der Name schon umgebildet, denn es hieß ursprünglich „Swelmenaha“ (...)".</ref> | Swelma<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> seu Swelmna<ref name="Swelmenaha"/> | ''Schwelme'' | align="right" | 8 | [[Wippera]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Beberbacum (Schuntra)|Beberbacum Schuntrae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Beberbach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Schuntra]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide">Fingitur nomen huius fluminis ex [[Flöthe|oppido homonymo]]. Latino de nomine huius oppidi, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fl%C3%B6the#Geschichte articulum hoc de flumine apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Alte Bezeichnungen des Ortes sind 780–802 Flathi</ref> seu Flatide<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flothethe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Vlothe<ref name="Flotide"/> seu Flotethe<ref name="Flotide"/> | Flathi''' seu '''Flatide''' seu '''Flothethe''' seu '''Vlothe''' seu '''Flotethe''' | ''Flöthe'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Owe Magnum]]<ref name="Owe Magnum"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Seebacum (Erlenbacum)|Seebacum Erlenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Erlenbacum Bieringenense|Erlenbacum Bieringenense]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Bieringen"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Usa)|Seebacum Usae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Usa (Weteraha)|Usa]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Wublitz]] | | ''Wublitz'' | align="right" | 7 | [[Habala]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Nemaninga)|Brombacum Nemaningae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Nemaninga]]<ref name="Mümling">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%BCmling#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Die Römer nannten den Fluss ''Nemaninga'' (...) Die erste urkundliche Erwähnung als ''Mimilingum'' war im Jahre 741, die folgenden Schreibweisen sind dann 798 ''Mimelinga'' und ''Mimininga'', 819 ''Mimilingum'' und ''Mimelingen'', 1012 ''Minimingaha'' (...)".</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Goldbacum (Saletio)|Goldbacum Saletionis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Goldbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Saletio (flumen)|Saletio]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grenzau (Suale)|Grenzau Sualense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Suale]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Wizmoin)|Kapellenbacum Wizmoinense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Wizmoin]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Meizenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Meizenbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Rotach (Werenza)|Rotach Werenzae]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Nahrenbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Nährenbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Rivus Geesensis|Rivus Geësensis]]<ref name="Rivus Geësensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Geësensis-e" Theodiscum ''Geeser'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Geeser Bach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Kila]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Salzaha (Helmana)|Salzaha Helmanae]]<ref name="Salzaha">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymis toponymis Theodisce ''Salza''. De his ultimis, vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> | Salsa Helmanae | ''Salza'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Helmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Hene]]<ref name="Hene"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Swartzpach (Mittweida Magna)|Swartzpach Mittweidae Magnae]]<ref name="Swartzpach">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzbach_(Gro%C3%9Fe_Mittweida)#Etymologie hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der Fluss trägt denselben Namen wie die erstmals 1240 urkundlich als „Swartzpach“ erwähnte Siedlung (...)".</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Mittweida Magna]]<ref name="Große"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Weysluthera]]<ref name="Weysluthera">Vide articulum [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerbach_(Kahl)#Name hoc de flumine apud Vicipediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Der ursprüngliche Gewässername ''Western'' (um 1282 ''Weysluthera'' genannt) (...)".</ref> | ''Westerbach'' seu ''Westernbach'' seu ''Westernkahl'' | align="right" | 6 | [[Calde (flumen)|Calde]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gelbeke]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Gelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Ghelenbeke<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Gelmke'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Aquaeductus (Ovacra)|Aquaeductus Ovacrae]]<ref name="Aquaeductus Ovacrae"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Lutra (Remisus)|Lutra Remisi]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | | ''Lauter'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Remisus]]<ref name="Remisus"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Isana)|Seebacum Isanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Isana (Aenus)|Isana Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Ohe Magnum)|Seebacum Ohis Magni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Ohe Magnum]]<ref name="Große">Adiectivo "magnus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Große" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Sala)|Seebacum Salae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Westerbacum (Flotide)|Westerbacum Flotidense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Westerbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Flotide (flumen)|Flotide]]<ref name="Flotide"/> | [[Visurgis]]<ref name=Gr/> |- | [[Ziegelbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Ziegelbach'' seu ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 5 | [[Moenus]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |} ===Flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina 4 chiliometra aut minus longa: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | Longitudo (km) ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Finkenbacum)|Brombacum Finkenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Finkenbacum (Laxbacum)|Finkenbacum Laxbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Buchbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Speltach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Himmelsbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Wiese (flumen)|Wiese]]<ref name="Wiese"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | | ''Hofbach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Rivulus Liberorum (flumen)|Rivulus Liberorum]]<ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lutra Alba|Lutra Alba]]<ref name="Lutra Alba">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "albus-a-um" Theodiscum ''Weiße'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Weiße Lauter'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Patra]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | Patris<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Pathera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padhre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padera<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padre<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> seu Padra<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | ''Pader'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Lupia]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rivus Asbachensis]]<ref name="Rivus Asbachensis">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit. Gentilicium Latinum "Asbachensis-e" Theodiscum ''Asbacher'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Asbacher Bach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Longna]]<ref name="Longna"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Isara)|Seebacum Isarae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Isara (Bavaricus)|Isara]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Loufaha)|Seebacum Loufahae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Loufaha]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Steinlach)|Seebacum Steinlachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 4 | [[Steinlach]] | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Billbach (Muda)|Billbach]]<ref name="Billbach">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/17.August.html Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten], ubi dicitur "(...) Locum ipsum duo rivi, unus a meridie, ab incolis '''Muda (die Mud)''' alter ab oriente, vulgo '''Billbach''' dictus, præterfluunt (...)".</ref> | | ''Billbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Muda (flumen)|Muda]]<ref name="Billbach"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- [[Brombacum (Hemisa)|Brombacum Hemisae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Hemisa]]<ref name="Hemisa"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Echtbach'' seu ''Hilpertsklingenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Aalenbacum (Bilerna)|Aalenbacum Bilernae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Erlenbacum (Chinzechun)|Erlenbacum Chinzechunense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Erlenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Chinzechun]]<ref name="Chinzechun"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Seebacum)|Huttenbacum Seebacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Seebacum (Hene)|Seebacum Henense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Bünzau)|Kapellenbacum Bünzauense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' seu ''Kapellenbek'' seu ''Spannbek'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Bünzau]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Lachsbacum (Albis)|Lachsbacum Albis]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Seebacum (Rezat)|Seebacum Rezatense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 3 | [[Rezat]]<ref name="Radiantia, Rezat, Redniz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Liubasa)|Fluvius Molendinorum Liubasae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Liubasa]]<ref name="Liubasa"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Hosewasch]] | Hoswaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> seu Hosewaschbacum<ref name="-bacum"/> | ''Hosewasch'' seu ''Hoswaschbach'' seu ''Hosewaschbach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Sala (Salzaha)|Sala Danubii]]<ref name="Saalach"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Lutra Nigra]]<ref name="Lutra Nigra">Fingitur hoc nomen ex homonymo flumine Rhenano. De hoc ultimo, vide {{Graesse}}. Adiectivum Latinum "niger nigra nigrum" Theodiscum ''Schwarze'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Schwarze Lauter'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Lutra (Nicer)|Lutra Niceri]]<ref name="Lutra"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Buchbacum)|Seebacum Buchbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Buchbacum (Speltach)|Buchbacum Speltachense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Murga)|Seebacum Murgae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 2 | [[Murga (Neoburgum)|Murga Neoburgensis]]<ref name="Murga NB"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Biske]] | | ''Biske'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Elera (Net)|Elera Netensis]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Braunsel]] | | ''Braunsel'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Bründelgraben]] | | ''Bründelgraben'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Scutara]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Fluvius Molendinorum (Alcmana)|Fluvius Molendinorum Alcmanae]]<ref name="Fluvius Molendinorum"/> | | ''Mühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Huttenbacum (Himmelsbacum)|Huttenbacum Himmelsbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Hüttenbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Himmelsbacum (Wiese)|Himmelsbacum Wiesense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kesselbacum (Aach Zwiveltense)|Kesselbacum in Aach Zwiveltense]] | | ''Kesselbach'' seu ''Kessel Aach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Aach Zwiveltense]]<ref name="AZ"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Laxbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Laxbach'' seu ''Lachsbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Seebacum (Echtbacum)|Seebacum Echtbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Seebach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Echtbacum (Aalenbacum)|Echtbacum Aalenbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Urspring]] | | ''Urspring'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Ach (Blavius)|Ach Blavii]] | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Weihermuhlbacum]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Weihermühlbach'' | align="right" | 1 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Pfeffer (rivus)|Pfeffer]] | | ''Pfeffer'' | align="right" | 0.5 | [[Brancia (flumen)|Brancia]]<ref name="Brancia"/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brunnbacensis (Nicer)|Brunnbacensis Niceri]]<ref name="Brunnbacensis">Fingitur hoc nomen homonymo e monasterio. De hoc ultimo, vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pockau#Geschichte articulum Vicipaediae Theodiscae de huius monasterii oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) (lateinisch ''Monasterium Brunnbacensis'') (...)".</ref> | | ''Bronnbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Nicer]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Kapellenbacum (Alcmana)|Kapellenbacum Alcmanae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Kapellenbach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Rivus de Tosingen]]<ref name="Rivus de Tosingen">Substantivum "Rivus-i" Theodiscum vocabulum ''Bach'' vertit et [[Syntagma (grammaticum)|syntagma]] "de Tosingen" ad oppidum [[Tosingen]] refertur. Ultimo huic gentilicium, vide [[:de:Deising (Riedenburg)|articulum apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam hoc de oppido]], ubi dicitur "(...) Das Auftreten eines Ortsadels lässt sich mit dem zwischen 1147 und 1160 auftretenden „Ainwic de Tosingen“ (...)".</ref> | | ''Deisinger Bach'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Alcmana]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Springe (rivus)|Springe]] | | ''Springe'' | align="right" | < 0.5 | [[Smiehe Parvum]]<ref name="Smiehe Parvum">Fingitur hoc hydronymum homonymo ex hydronymo. Cui ultimo, vide [https://dokumen.pub/deutsches-gewssernamenbuch-etymologie-der-gewssernamen-und-der-zugehrigen-gebiets-siedlungs-und-flurnamen-9783110338591-9783110190397-9783110578911.html dokumen.pub], ubi dicitur "(...) Schmiech, die, l.z. Donau, entspringt oberhalb von Springen (Gundershofen, Stadt Schelklingen, AlbDonau-Kreis, B.-W., D) aus einer ergiebigen Karstquelle, mündet südlich von Ehingen (Alb-DonauKreis). – 1298 fluvium … Smiehe (...)". Adiectivo "parvus-a-um" Theodiscum adiectivum "Kleine" vertitur.</ref> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |} ===Flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine=== Inferiori in tabulā, solum apparent flumina adhuc ignotā cum longitudine: {| class="wikitable sortable" |- ! scope="col" | [[Fluvius]] ! scope="col" | Alia nomina [[lingua Latina|Latina]] ! scope="col" | Nomen [[lingua Theodisca|Theodiscum]] ! scope="col" | [[Ostium fluminis|Ostium]] ! scope="col" | [[Systema fluviorum|Systema]] |- | [[Brombacum (Hofbacum)|Brombacum Hofbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Hofbacum (Rivulus Liberorum)|Hofbacum Rivuli Liberorum]]<ref name="-bacum"/><ref name="Nietzschmann 2013"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Nagalda)|Brombacum Nagaldae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Nagalda (flumen)|Nagalda]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Rota)|Brombacum Rotae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rota (Aenus)|Rota Aeni]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Danubius]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Lexicon Universale}}</ref> |- | [[Brombacum (Rura)|Brombacum Rurae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Rura (Eiflensis)|Rura Eiflensis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Mosa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Sinisbach)|Brombacum Sinisbacense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Sinisbach]]<ref name="Deutsches Gewässernamenbuch"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brombacum (Wiscoz)|Brombacum Wiscozense]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brombach'' | [[Wiscoz]]<ref name="Wiscoz"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Brumbacum (Wippera)|Brumbacum Wipperae]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | | ''Brumbach'' seu ''Brombach'' | [[Wippera (Sala)|Wippera Salae]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Grenzau (Arle)|Grenzau Arlense]] | | ''Grenzau'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Imme]] | | ''Imme'' | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> | [[Arle (flumen)|Arle]]<ref name="Arle"/> |- | [[Nigra Aqua (Ruhland)|Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis]]<ref name="Nigra Aqua Ruhlandensis">Fingitur hoc nomen suo ex homonymo Helvetico. Cui ultimo, vide [https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/de/articles/000914/2016-09-26/ Neirivue], ubi dicitur "Ehemalige politische Gemeinde FR, Bezirk Greyerz, am linken Saaneufer. 2002 mit Albeuve, Lessoc und Montbovon zur neuen Gemeinde Haut-Intyamon fusioniert. 1277 ''Nigra aqua'', früher dt. ''Schwarzwasser'' (...)". Gentilicium "Ruhlandensis-e" Theodiscum ''Ruhlander'' vertit.</ref> | | ''Ruhlander Schwarzwasser'' | [[Elstra nigra|Elstra Nigra]]<ref name="Elstra Nigra"/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Olbe]] | | ''Olbe'' | [[Beber (Ora)|Beber Orae]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Gohhusia)|Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger Gohhusiae">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter. De toponymo "Gohhusia", vide [https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchsen#Geschichtearticulum hoc de oppido apud Vicipaediam Theodiscam], ubi dicitur "(...) Erstmals wurde der Ort unter dem Namen ''Gohhusia'' im Jahr 758 erwähnt (...)"</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | ? | ? |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Mulda)|Rivulus Niger Muldae]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger"/> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Mulda|Mulda Albis]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Rivulus Niger (Rotbacum)|Rivulus Niger Rotbacensis]]<ref name="Rivulus Niger">Theodisca vox ''Schwarzbach'' in Latinam "Rivulus Niger" verti solet. V.gr. vide: Schöttgen, C., & Kreysig, G. C., auctoribus (1730). ''Diplomataria et Scriptores Historiae Germanicae Medii Aevi''. [[Altenburgum in Misnia|Altenburgi]]: Richter.</ref> | | ''Schwarzbach'' | [[Rotbacum (Rhenus)|Rotbacum Rheni]]<ref name="-bacum"/> | [[Rhenus]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Struga (flumen)|Struga]] | | ''Struga'' | [[Spreha]]<ref name=Gr/> | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |- | [[Veerde]] | | ''Veerde'' | ? | ? |- | [[Weißer Schöps]] | | ''Weißer Schöps'' | [[Schwarzer Schöps]] | [[Albis]]<ref name=Gr>{{Graesse}}</ref> |} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Flumina Germaniae| ]] [[Categoria:Indices fluminum|Germania]] 5yyxdqynr8b6bqqzabduer6gbuoi7ne 0 9678 3974424 3921236 2026-07-25T04:50:15Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974424 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Dashaavathaaram ദശാവതാരം.jpg|thumb|Ianua [[templum|templi]] decem [[avatara]]s ([[Dashavatar]]) depingit. Ab angulo laevo superiori, [[modus horologicus|modo horologico]] visae: Matsya, Narasimha, Parashurama, Rama, Krishna, Kalki, Vamana, Vithoba, Varaha, Kurma. Templum Sree Balaji [[Goa]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Gati or existences.jpg|thumb|[[Adumbratio]] rationes per quas [[anima]] ad ullum ex quattuor statibus [[exsistentia]]e post mortem in eius [[karma]]s nitens secundum [[Iainismus|Iainismum]] pingit.]] '''Reincarnatio''''<ref>Vocabulum recens. e.g. in ''[[Catechismus Catholicae Ecclesiae|Catechismo Catholicae Ecclesiae]]'' (1992), [http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_lt/p123a11_lt.htm#ARTICULUS%2011%20%ABCREDO%20CARNIS%20RESURRECTIONEM%BB numero 1013]: "« Reincarnatio » post mortem non habetur."</ref> est notio ad [[religio]]nem vel [[philosophia]]m relata, quae affirmat [[anima]]m vel [[spiritus|spiritum]] post mortem [[biologia|biologicam]] novam [[vita]]m in novo [[corpus|corpore]] incipere posse. Quae fides praecipue ex [[dogma|doctrina]] [[Hinduismus|Hinduistica]] constat.<ref>Iterum nasci (renatalitio), notio [[Buddhismus|Buddhistica]] reincarnatio saepe appellatur (vide [https://books.google.com/books?id=SSCx-67Tk6cC&pg=PA640&dq=reincarnation+and+rebirth&cd=8#v=onepage&q=reincarnation%20and%20rebirth&f=false Taliaferro, Draper, et Quinn 2010:640]) et est [[fides]] a [[Pythagoras|Pythagora]], [[Plato]]ne, [[Socrates]], et aliis personis [[historia|historicis]] habita.</ref> Quae etiam est fides variarum religionum antiquarum et recentium, sicut [[Spiritismus]], [[Theosophia]], et [[Eckankar]]. Etiam in multis [[tellus|orbis terrarum]] gentibus, in [[Siberia]], [[Africa Occidentalis|Africa Occidentali]], [[America Septentrionalis|America Septentrionali]], [[Australia]] et aliis locis invenitur.<ref>Obeyesekere 2002:15.</ref> Plurimae sectae intra [[religiones Abrahamicae|religiones Abrahamicas]] [[Iudaismus|Iudaismum]], [[Christianitas|Christianitatem]], et [[Islam]] [[individualismus|singulos homines]] reincarnari non credunt, sed certi greges intra has religiones reincarnationem revera probant; inter quos greges sunt antiqui et recentes [[Kabala|Kabalismi]], [[Cathari|Catharismi]], [[Druzi|Druzismi]],<ref>Hitti 2007:13–14.</ref> et [[Rosicrucianismus|Rosicrucianismi]] assectatores.<ref>Heindel 1985.</ref> Coniunctiones historicae inter has [[religio]]nes vel sectas et [[fides]] de reincarnatione quae proprietates erant [[Neoplatonismus|Neoplatonismi]], [[Orphismus|Orphismi]], [[Hermetismus|Hermetismi]], [[Manichaismus|Manichaismi]], et [[Gnosticismus|Gnosticismi]] [[Roma antiqua|aevi Romani]], cum religionibus Indicis, res recentis investigationis [[academia|scholasticae]] fuit.<ref>Opus recens magni momenti quod mutuam [[philosophia]]rum [[philosophia Graeca|Graecae]] et [[philosophia Indica|Indicae]] gratiam de his rebus tractat est ''The Shape of Ancient Thought'' [[Thomas McVilley|Thomae McVilley]].</ref> Multi [[Europa]]ei et [[America Septentrionalis|Americani Septentrionales]] [[decennium|decenniis]] recentibus reincarnationis studiosi facti sunt.<ref>[http://www.hi.is/~erlendur/english/Nordic_Psychology_erlhar06.pdf "Popular psychology, belief in life after death and reincarnation in the Nordic countries, Western and Eastern Europe,"] PDF.</ref> [[Pellicula]]e, [[liber|libri]], et [[carmen|carmina]] recentia populo grata commemorationem reincarnationis saepe faciunt. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} * [[Anthroposophia]] * [[Astrologia]] * [[Antrum Platonicum]] * [[Avatara]] * [[Anna Besant]] * [[Tenzin Gyatso]] * [[Incarnatio]] * [[Karma]] * [[Manichaismus]] * [[Metempsychosis]] * [[Nirvana (Buddhismus)|Nirvãna]] * [[Resurrectio]] * [[Sacra Eleusinia]] * [[Vita post mortem]] {{div col end}} == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Bibliographia == * Alegretti, Wagner. [[2004]]. ''Retrocognitions: An Investigation into Memories of Past Lives and the Period Between Lives.'' ISBN 0-9702131-6-6. * Archiati, Pietro. ''Reincarnation in Modern Life: Toward a new Christian Awareness.'' ISBN 0-904693-88-0. * Atkinson, William Walker. [[1997]]. ''Reincarnation and the Law of Karma: A Study of the Old-new World-doctrine of Rebirth and Spiritual Cause and Effect.'' Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-0079-0. * Baba, Meher. [[1967]]. [http://www.discoursesbymeherbaba.org ''Discourses.''] ISBN 1-880619-09-1. * Bache, Christopher M. [[1991]]. ''Lifecycles, Reincarnation and the Web of Life.'' ISBN 1-55778-645-3. * [[Anna Besant|Besant, A. W.]] [[1892]]. ''Reincarnation.'' Theosophical Pub. Society. * Boulting, W. [[1914]]. ''Giordano Bruno: His Life, Thought, and Martyrdom.'' Londinii: Kegan Paul. * Bowman, Carol. [[1998]]. ''Children's Past Lives.'' ISBN 0-553-57485-X. * Bowman, Carol. [[2003]]. ''Return from Heaven.'' ISBN 0-06-103044-9. * Cerminara, Gina. [[1990]]. ''Many Mansions: The Edgar Cayce Story on Reincarnation.'' ISBN 0-451-03307-8. * Childs, Gilbert, et Sylvia. ''Your Reincarnating Child: Welcoming a soul to the world.'' ISBN 1-85584-126-6. * Doniger O'Flaherty, Wendy. [[1980]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=4WZTj3M71y0C ''Karma and Rebirth in Classical Indian Traditions.''] University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-03923-8. * Doore, Gary. [[1990]]. ''What Survives?'' ISBN 0-87477-583-3. * Edwards, Paul. ''Reincarnation: A Critical Examination.'' ISBN 1-57392-921-2. * Foltz, Richard. [[2010]]. ''Religions of the Silk Road.'' Novi Eboraci: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-62125-1. * Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang. [[1995]]. ''Joyful Path of Good Fortune.'' Ed 2a. Tharpa Publications. ISBN 978-0-948006-46-3. * Gyatso, Geshe Kelsang. [[1999]]. ''Living Meaningfully, Dying Joyfully: The Profound Practice of Transference of Consciousness.'' Tharpa Publications. ISBN 978-0-948006-63-0. * Head, Joseph, et S. L. Cranston, eds. [[1994]]. ''Reincarnation: The Phoenix Fire Mystery.'' ISBN 0-517-56101-8. * Heindel, Max. (1908, 1939), [[1985]]. [http://www.rosicrucian.com/rcl/rcleng01.htm#lecture1 The Riddle of Life and Death.] In ''The Rosicrucian Christianity Lectures (Collected Works).'' Ed. 4a. Oceanside Californiae. ISBN 0-911274-84-7. * Hitti, Philip K. (1924) [[2007]]. ''Origins of the Druze People and Religion, with Extracts from their Sacred Writings.'' Ed. nova. Columbia University Oriental Studies, 28. Londinii: Saqi. ISBN 0-86356-690-1. * Jefferson, Warren. [[2009]]. ''Reincarnation Beliefs of North American Indians: Soul Journeys, Metamorphoses, and Near-Death Experiences.'' Summertown Tennesiae: Native Voices. ISBN 978-1-57067-212-5. * Heindel, Max. [[1909]]. ''The Rosicrucian Cosmo-Conception.'' ISBN 0-911274-34-0. [http://www.rosicrucian.com/rcc/rcceng04.htm "Rebirth and the Law of Consequence,"] pars 1, capitulum 4. * Leland, Kurt. [[2002]]. ''The Unanswered Question: Death, Near-Death, and the Afterlife.'' Hampton Roads Publishing. ISBN 978-1-57174-299-5. * Klemp, H. [[2003]]. ''Past lives, dreams, and soul travel.'' Minneapoli: Eckankar. ISBN 1-57043-182-5. [http://www.ECKBooks.org/items/Past_Lives_Dreams_and_Soul_Travel-92-8.html ECKBooks.org]. * Luchte, James. [[2009]]. ''Pythagoras and the Doctrine of Transmigration: Wandering Souls.'' Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4411-3102-7. * McVilley, Thomas. [[2002]]. ''The Shape of Ancient Thought: comparative studies in Greek and Indian philosophies." Novi Eboraci: Allworth Press: School of Visual Arts. ISBN 1-58115-203-5. * Newton, Michael. [[2000]]. ''Destiny of Souls: New Case Studies of Life Between Lives.'' ISBN 1-56718-499-5. * Newton, Michael. [[2004]]. ''Life Between Lives: Hypnotherapy for Spiritual Regression.'' ISBN 0-7387-0465-2. * Nikhilananda, Swami. [[1992]]. ''Gospel of Sri Ramakrishna.'' Ed. 8a. ISBN 0-911206-01-9. * Obeyesekere, Gananath. [[2002]]. ''Imagining Karma: Ethical Transformation in Amerindian, Buddhist, and Greek Rebirth.'' University of California Press. * Prophet, Elizabeth Clare, et Erin L. Prophet. [[1997]]. ''Reincarnation: The Missing Link in Christianity.'' ISBN 0-922729-27-1. * Palamidessi Tommaso. [[1977]]. ''The Memory of Past Lives and Its Technique,'' ed. Archeosofica. * Ramster, Peter. ''In Search of Lives Past.'' ISBN 0-646-00021-7. * Rinehart, Robin, ed. [[2004]]. ''Contemporary Hinduism.'' * Roberts, Jane. [[1972]]. ''Seth Speaks: The Eternal Validity of the Soul.'' ISBN 1-878424-07-6. * Semkiw, Walter. [[2003]]. ''Return of the Revolutionaries: The Case for Reincarnation and Soul Groups Reunited.'' ISBN 1-57174-342-1. * [[Rudolphus Steiner|Steiner, Rudolf]]. [http://wn.rsarchive.org/Lectures/KarmRelI/Karm01_index.html ''Karmic Relationships: Esoteric studies.''] 8 vol. Rudolf Steiner Press. ISBN 0-85440-260-8. * [[Rudolphus Steiner|Steiner, Rudolf]]. [[1997]]. ''A Western Approach to Reincarnation and Karma: selected lectures and writings,'' ed. et intr. René Querido. Hudsoniae Novi Eboraci: Anthroposophic Press. ISBN 0-88010-399-X. * Steinpach, Richard. [[1998]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20151106133702/http://www.grailforum.com/whybornbook.html ''Hidden Connections Determine Our Earth-Life.''] ISBN 1-57461-013-9. * Stevenson, Ian. [[1980]]. ''Twenty Cases Suggestive of Reincarnation.'' Ed. 2a. University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-0872-4. * Taylor, Michael. [[2007]]. "Master of the Rose." Comstar Media LLC. ISBN 1-933866-07-1. * Taliaferro, Charles, Paul Draper, et Philip L. Quinn. [[2010]]. ''A Companion to Philosophy of Religion.'' John Wiley and Sons. [https://books.google.com/books?id=SSCx-67Tk6cC&pg=PA640&dq=reincarnation+and+rebirth&cd=8#v=onepage&q=reincarnation%20and%20rebirth&f=false Google Books.] * Tucker, Jim. [[2005]]. ''Life Before Life: A Scientific Investigation of Children's Memories of Previous Lives.'' ISBN 0-312-32137-6. * Weiss, Brian L. [[1996]]. ''Only Love is real: the story of soulmates reunited.'' ISBN 0-446-51945-6. == Nexus externi == * Luchte, James. [[2008]]. [http://luchte.wordpress.com/wandering-souls-the-doctrine-of-transmigration-in-pythagorean-philosophy/ "Wandering Souls: The Doctrine of Transmigration in Pythagorean Philosophy,"] luchte.wordpress.com * Uebersax, John S. [[2009]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20210506195744/http://john-uebersax.com/plato/plato4.htm "Did Plato Believe in Reincarnation?"] john-uebersax.com * [http://veda.harekrsna.cz/encyclopedia/dharma.htm "Dharma - Karma - Samsara: The System Of Cosmic Justice,"] veda.harekrsna.cz (''Vedic Knowledge Online'') * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150801192131/http://www.buddhanet.net/funbud10.htm "Rebirth,"] www.buddhanet.net (''Fundamentals of Buddhism'') * {{CathEnc|10234d|Metempsychosis}} * [http://www.explorespiritism.com/REINCARNATIONANDSPIRITISM.htm "Reincarnation According to Spiritism,"] www.explorespiritism.com (''The Triple Aspect of Spiritism'') * [http://www.christians.eu/reincarnation-bible/ "Was Reincarnation Removed from the Bible?"] www.christians.eu (''What Do Christians Believe?'') <!--? *[http://www.chabad.org/search/keyword.asp?scope=6198&kid=6569 Jewish View of Reincarnation]--> {{DEFAULTSORT:Reincarnatio}} [[Categoria:Esotericismus]] [[Categoria:Hinduismus]] [[Categoria:Mysticismus]] [[Categoria:Philosophia mentis]] [[Categoria:Reincarnatio| ]] [[Categoria:Religio Iudaica]]<!--en:Kabbala--> [[Categoria:Res occultae]] [[Categoria:Scholae esotericae cogitationis]] [[Categoria:Spiritualitas]] [[Categoria:Vita post mortem]]<!-- [[Categoria:Christianitas arcana]] [[Categoria:Druze]] [[Categoria:Mors in philosophia Graeca]] [[Categoria:Notiones philosophicae Buddhisticae]] [[Categoria:Notiones philosophicae Hinduisticae]] [[Categoria:Notiones philosophicae Iainismi]] [[Categoria:Shabda]] [[Categoria:Theologia Ismailistica]]--> {{Myrias|Philosophia}} rmg3srn9ohi3jn8l445q3di3buqskeb 0 9721 3974210 3972548 2026-07-24T15:17:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974210 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:0437 - Milano - San Nazaro - Prima epigrafe di S. Ambrogio - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 5-May-2007.jpg|thumb|Epigramma Augustino tributum et Serenae gratias agens quod monumentum sancti Nazari marmore adornasset ex voto pro reditu mariti.]] '''Serena''' (nata circa [[365]]; mortua anno [[408]]) fuit filia [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorii]], fratris [[Theodosius I|Theodosii I]], [[Imperatores Romani|imperatoris]] [[Imperium Romanum|Romani]]. Erudita Serena fuit Theodosii neptis dilectissima. Anno [[384]], [[Stilicho]]ni [[Magister militum|magistro militum]] nupsit, ex quo tris [[liberi|liberos]] peperit: [[Maria (filia Serenae)|Mariam]] et [[Eucherium]] et [[Thermantia]]m. [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] Iuvenem imperatorem fideliter secuta est. Una tamen cum Stilichone anno [[408]] [[civitas Romana|civibus Romanis]] displicuit, et eodem anno [[poena capitalis|supplicium]] sumptum est de ea. == Fontes == *[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''Laus Serenae'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa001.perseus-lat1:30 Textus apud Perseus] == Plura legere si cupis == *Alberto Magnani, ''Serena: l'ultima romana'', JacaBook, 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ISvrMPzWOIUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zI3Cy3BbRD&sig=NUB7iI2AxamAYQgJTDmQHXOKV9o&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] {{Lifetime|365|408|Serena}} [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] c0uy59ga76ic86m6mtus03xrzp0lev2 3974211 3974210 2026-07-24T15:17:46Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974211 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:0437 - Milano - San Nazaro - Prima epigrafe di S. Ambrogio - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto 5-May-2007.jpg|thumb|Epigramma [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustino]] tributum et Serenae gratias agens quod monumentum sancti Nazari marmore adornasset ex voto pro reditu mariti.]] '''Serena''' (nata circa [[365]]; mortua anno [[408]]) fuit filia [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorii]], fratris [[Theodosius I|Theodosii I]], [[Imperatores Romani|imperatoris]] [[Imperium Romanum|Romani]]. Erudita Serena fuit Theodosii neptis dilectissima. Anno [[384]], [[Stilicho]]ni [[Magister militum|magistro militum]] nupsit, ex quo tris [[liberi|liberos]] peperit: [[Maria (filia Serenae)|Mariam]] et [[Eucherium]] et [[Thermantia]]m. [[Honorius (imperator)|Honorium]] Iuvenem imperatorem fideliter secuta est. Una tamen cum Stilichone anno [[408]] [[civitas Romana|civibus Romanis]] displicuit, et eodem anno [[poena capitalis|supplicium]] sumptum est de ea. == Fontes == *[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''Laus Serenae'' [https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=urn:cts:latinLit:stoa0089.stoa001.perseus-lat1:30 Textus apud Perseus] == Plura legere si cupis == *Alberto Magnani, ''Serena: l'ultima romana'', JacaBook, 2002 [https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ISvrMPzWOIUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA11&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zI3Cy3BbRD&sig=NUB7iI2AxamAYQgJTDmQHXOKV9o&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] {{Lifetime|365|408|Serena}} [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] g1vt1xcbbhk0li9d7ub13ayr713l795 0 11455 3974212 3189042 2026-07-24T15:22:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Imperator | nomen = Arcadius | titulus = Imperator | image = Altes Museum-Arcadius.jpg | caption = Strongyla Arcadii, Berolini | image_size = | principatus = [[396]] - [[408]] | nomen_plenum = Flavius Arcadius | partus = [[377]] | locus_natalis = [[Hispania Romana|Hispania]] | obitus = 1. Maii [[408]] | locus_mortis = [[Constantinopolis]] | regina = | consors = | uxor 1 = [[Aelia Eudoxia]] | uxor 2 = | domus = [[Dynastia Theodosiana]] | pater = | mater = | prognati = Pulcheria<br>Arcadia<br>Marina<br>[[Theodosius II]] | religio = }} '''Flavius Arcadius''', in [[Hispania]] natus, ab anno [[395]] usque ad mortem anno [[408]] partibus orientalibus [[Imperium Romanum Orientale|Imperii Romani]] imperavit. Erat filius natu maior Imperatoris [[Theodosius I|Theodosii I]] et Aeliae Flacillae, frater [[Honorius|Honorii]] eo tempore Imperatoris partibus occidentalibus. A patre Augustus nominatus est anno [[393]]. Imperante Arcadio Sanctus [[Iohannes Chrysostomus]], patriarcha [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitanus]], ab [[Aelia Eudoxia]] uxore depositus est et [[Roma]] a [[Visigothi]]s capta est. [[Rufinus]] praefectus praetorio in Imperium Romanum dominatus est donec a [[Stilicho]]ne trucidatus est; post Rufinum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] consiliarius ab Aelia Eudoxia depositus est; ultimus [[Flavius Anthemius|Anthemius]] praefectus praetorio fines orientales murumque Constantinopolitanum corroborat, Christianitatem proseruit. Theodosio mortuo Imperium numquam rediunctum est; Arcadius ergo primus Imperator Constantinopolitanorum dicitur. Eo regnante Constantinopolis elevata, Roma deiecta est, consilium semper mutatum, Imperium fragile. {{NexInt}} * [[Imperium Romanum Orientale]] ==Nexus externi== {{Communia|Flavius Arcadius|Arcadius}} * [http://www.roman-emperors.org/arcadius.htm De Arcadio in ] ''www.roman-emperors.org'' {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores= [[Flavius Richomeres]] et [[Flavius Clearchus]]| annus= 385<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Bauto|Flavio Bautone]]| successores=[[Flavius Honorius]] et [[Flavius Euodius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Eutolmius Tatianus]] et [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus]]| annus= 392<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Rufinus|Flavio Rufino]]| successores=[[Flavius Honorius]] et [[Flavius Abundantius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Theodosius I|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III et [[Flavius Abundantius]]; [[Eugenius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Eugenius Augustus]] | annus= 394<br />cum<br />[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Honorio Augusto]] II| successores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius]] et [[Flavius Anicius Probinus]]| annus= 396<br />cum<br />[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesare Flavio Honorio Augusto]] III| successores=[[Flavius Caesarius]] et [[Nonius Atticus]] }} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 402<br />cum<br />[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavio Honorio Augusto]] V| successores=[[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] et [[Flavius Rumoridus]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]| annus= 406<br />cum<br />[[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus|Anicio Flavio Petronio Probo]]| successores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VII et [[Theodosius II|Imp. Caesar Flavius Theodosius Augustus]] III}} {{Imperatores Constantinopolitani| praedecessor= [[Theodosius I]]| annus-annus= 395-408| successor= [[Theodosius II]]}} [[Categoria:Imperatores Constantinopolitani]] [[Categoria:Mortui 408]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Theodosius I]] [[Categoria:Arcadius (imperator)|!]] jkohdil5rbg3ct6c3ql2uqxqcczr9s1 0 12507 3974432 2799299 2026-07-25T08:25:13Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3974432 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Thesaurus Evonymi Philiatri 1552 tp.jpg|thumb|Prima editio ''Thesauri Evonymi Philiatri'' a [[Conradus Gesnerus|Conrado Gesnero]] scripta, anno [[1552]] sine nomine auctoris [[Turicum|Tiguri]] divulgata. Exemplar ab ipso auctore "Henrycho Bullingero patrono" dono datum (Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Md E 377)]] '''Henricus Bullingerus''' vel '''Bulingerus''',{{FD ref}} [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]] ''Heinrich Bullinger'' ([[Bremogartum|Bremogarti]] natus die [[18 Iulii]] [[1504]]; [[Turicum|Turici]] die [[17 Septembris]] [[1575]] mprtuus) fuit [[Reformatio|reformator]], [[theologus]] et [[Antistes|antistes]] [[Helvetia|Helveticus]]. Natus est Henricus Bullingerus [[Bremogartum|Bremogarti]] ad [[Rusa]]m, filius urbis [[paroecia|paroci]], qui etiam appellabatur Henricus Bullingerus, eiusque sponsatae, filiae molitoris. Quinque annis natus, Henricus filius studebat in urbis schola linguae Latinae. Postea [[Colonia Agrippina|Coloniae Agrippinae]] studebat, ubi reformationis amicus factus est; magister tunc erat in claustro [[Kappel am Albis]]. Anno [[1528]], Henricus et [[Uldrychus Zwinglius]] [[Berna]]m adiverunt, ut etiam novam fidem agnoscant. Anno insequenti Bullingeri patrem ex urbe Bremogarto pulserunt, quia ille reformationi faverat. Post filii Bullingeri sermonem in urbe, ipse parochus factus est, et urbs reformata est. Illo anno, Bullingerus Annam Adlischvileram uxorem duxit, quae religiosa fuerat. Anno [[1531]], Zwinglii homines in [[proelium apud Kappel|proelio apud Kappel]] victi sunt, et Bremogartum totaque regio a Catholicis Romanis iterum imperati sunt. Bullingerus [[Turicum]] effugit, ubi Zwinglii successor factus est. Ibi obiit [[17 Septembris]] [[1575]]. == Nexus externi == {{Fontes biographici}} [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/adam/adam4/books/adamvitae4_76.html Litteris longissimis ex Lexicum Universale domini Hofmann de Bullingero] * [http://www.eresie.it/it/id452.htm De Henrico Bullingero in pagina haeresibus dicata] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Bullingerus, Henricus}} [[Categoria:Theologi Helvetiae]] [[Categoria:Reformatores]] [[Categoria:Nati 1504]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1575]] etkuxkrvsynnpeszz54740gekmnukfm 0 14719 3974235 3927710 2026-07-24T17:16:01Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974235 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videhom|Caecilius Statius}}{{capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{L1}} '''Publius Papinius Statius''' fuit [[poëta]] [[Roma]]nus [[Domitianus|Domitiani]] imperatoris aequalis. Natus est die [[27 Martii]] anno [[40]] p.C.n. [[Neapolis|Neapoli]], patre [[grammatica|grammatico]], quo mortuo [[Roma]]m migravit ut poeta fieret. Praeter ''[[Thebais|Thebaidem]]'', carmen epicum 12 librorum, ''[[Achilleis|Achilleidem]]'' composuit de Achille narrantem, cuius carminis tantummodo duo libri exstant. Carminum minorum Statii, quae occasione data composuit quaeque ''[[Silvae (Statius)|Silvae]]'' inscripta sunt, quinque libri nostrae aetati traditi sunt, quibus Domitianus eiusque facta praecipue celebrantur. ''Silvae'' varias res tractant. Agitur de [[homo|hominibus]], [[animal]]ibus, rebus, occasionibus hilaribus atque tristibus. Nihil forsitan melius conscripserit his quidem ''Silvis''. Quorum carmina singula tam celeriter confecit, ut non modo solutior et minus aequabilis, sed alacrior etiam solito liberiorque videatur. Familiaritatis etiam vestigia reliquit et, qui prolem ipse non haberet, is nonnullis versibus illud, quod in liberis mirabile est, attigit, cuius rei exemplo alteri inter poetas veteres nemo est nisi [[Martialis]]. Scripsit etiam solita quidem iactantia, sed virili saepius versu septimum alterius libri carmen in honorem [[Lucanus|Lucani]] poetae natalicium. Cuius in fine magnifico proposito [[anima]] Lucani [[vita post mortem|post mortem]] eo evehitur, quo maximae solum animae perveniant. Videtur enim procul orbe terrarum sepulcroque contemplato subridere aut in elysio [[Pompeius|Pompeiis]] comitantibus [[Cato]]nibusque de eis, qui ad [[Pharsalus|Pharsalum]] dimicaverunt, carmen sublime canere. [[Tartarus|Tartaro]] autem procul respecto magnanimus poeta audire dicitur, quid umbrae nocentium querantur, et [[Nero]]nem admirare pallidum facesque ab ultrice [[Agrippina|matre]] concussas reformidantem. Statio Martialem notum fuisse apparet, sed mentionem eius non facit, qua de causa inimicitiam inter poetas fuisse sunt qui opinentur. Obiit anno [[95]] vel 96. == Opera == [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/statius.html Opera omnia] === Exempla === Omnia functa <br />aut moritura vides: obeunt noctesque diesque <br /> astraque nec solidis prodest sua machina terris <br />Nam populus mortale genus plebisque caducae<br />quis fleat interitus?<ref>Stat.silv. II,1,210sqq.</ref> == Fortuna == Papinius Statius delectus est a [[Dantes Alagherius|Dante Alighieri]] ut perficeret suum [[purgatorium]] iter. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Fabricius Latina}} pp. 432-439 == Nexus externi == * Liber manuscriptus ''Silvarum'' P. Papinii Statii Matritensis 3678:: [https://web.archive.org/web/20260108065200/https://bnedigital.bne.es/bd/card?oid=0000100797 series imaginum] [[Categoria:Nati 40]] [[Categoria:Mortui 95]] [[Categoria:Auctores Latini antiqui]] [[Categoria:Poetae Italiae]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Italiae antiquae]] [[Categoria:Personae Divinae Comoediae (Purgatorium)]] [[Categoria:Publius Papinius Statius|!]] nwi9nnm3r2myj1awsot0v2xdtit3oi2 0 14996 3974448 3973538 2026-07-25T11:34:36Z ~2026-41317-13 212576 Solitas emendationes feci. 3974448 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Calendarium-Iulii}} '''23 Iulii''' [[dies]] 204ª anni est (205ª [[Annus bissextilis|annis bisextilibus]]) in [[Calendarium Gregorianum|calendario Gregoriano]]. 161 dies manent. Secundum [[calendarium Romanum]] est '''ante diem decimum Kalendas Augustas''', quod a. d. X Kal. Aug. [[abbreviatio|abbreviatur]]. [[Fasciculus:Ioannes V. Giovanni V – cropped.jpg|left|95px]] == Eventa == === Saeculo 7 === * [[685]] - [[Ioannes V]] [[papa]] creatur. === Saeculo 15 === * [[1431]] - [[Concilium Basiliense]] aperitur. === Saeculo 17 === * [[1622]] - [[Universitas Salisburgensis]] primum constituitur. === Saeculo 20 === * [[1914]] - [[Imperium Austro-Hungaricum]] regni [[Servia]]e ultimatum dat de casu [[Franciscus Ferdinandus (archidux Austriae)|Francisci Ferdinandi]], quod causa [[primum bellum mundanum|primi belli mundani]] fit. * [[1942]] - [[Castra carceralia]] Trblinkae a [[Nazismus|Nazismo]] constituuntur. * [[1952]] ** In [[Aegyptus|Aegypto]] [[subitanea rerum conversio|seditio]] militum fit Gamal Abdel Nasser et Ali Machometo Nagib ducibus; rex [[Faruq (rex Aegypti)|Faruq I]] magistratum abrogat et exsul [[Roma]]m ire debet. * [[Marius Soares]] primus libere electus praeses ministrorum [[Lusitania]]e fit. ** [[Communitas Europaea carbonis et chalybis]] foedere [[Lutetia]]e anni [[1951]] constituitur. * [[1999]] - [[Mahometus VI (rex Marocensis)|Mahometus VI]] rex [[Marocum|Maroci]] fit. === Saeculo 21 === * [[2001]] - [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] praeses [[Indonesia]]e fit. * [[2015]] - ''[[Keplerus (telescopium)|Keplerus]]'', telescopium spatiale, ''[[Kepler-452b]]'', [[planeta terrestris|planetam terrestrem]], invenit. * [[2019]] - [[Boris Johnson]] praeses [[Factio conservativa (Britanniarum Regnum)|factionis conservatiae]] et [[primus minister Britanniarum Regni]] eligitur. * [[2021]] - [[Olympia aestiva 2020]] [[Tokium|Tokii]] incipiunt. * [[2023]] **[[Incursio Russica in Ucrainam (2022)|Incursio Russica in Ucrainam]]: Cathedralis [[Odessa]]na, pars [[Patrimonium totius mundi|patrimonii totius mundi]], impetu [[missile|missilis]] cuiusdam destruitur. **[[Logotypus]] avis [[Twitter]] ab [[Elon Musk]] abrogatur. == Natales == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1370]] - [[Petrus Paulus Vergerio (Iustinopolitanus)|Petrus Paulus Vergerio]] humanista, medicus, paedagogus et politicus [[Italia|Italicus]] (†&nbsp;[[1444]]) === Saeculo 15 === * [[1401]] - [[Franciscus I Sfortia]], [[Ducatus Mediolani|dux Mediolani]] (†&nbsp;[[1466]]) === Saeculo 16 === * [[1503]] - [[Anna Jagellonica]], regina [[Germania]]e, [[Hungaria]]e et [[Bohemia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1547]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1649]] - [[Clemens XI]] papa (mortuus [[1721]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1804]] - [[Ioanna Irwin Harrison]], Prima Domina [[CFA]] (†&nbsp;[[1845]]) * [[1820]] - [[Iulia Tyler]], uxor [[Ioannes Tyler|Ioannis Tyler]], praesidis CFA (†&nbsp;[[1889]]) * [[1864]] - [[Apollinarius Mabini]], primus minister [[Philippinae|Philippinarum]] (†&nbsp;[[1903]]) * [[1866]] - [[Franciscus Cilea]], compositor (†&nbsp;[[1950]]) * [[1888]] - [[Raimundus Thornton Chandler]], scriptor Americanus (†&nbsp;[[1959]]) * [[1892]] - [[Haile Selassie]], imperator [[Aethiopia]]e (†&nbsp;[[1975]]) * [[1899]] - [[Gustavus Heinemann]], [[praeses foederalis Germaniae]] (†&nbsp;[[1976]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1906]] - [[Vladimirus Prelog]], chemicus [[Helvetia|Helveticus]] origine [[Croatia|Croatica]]e, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus (†&nbsp;[[1998]]) * [[1907]] - [[Catharina Strobel]], femina rei publicae Germanica factionis [[SPD]] (†&nbsp;[[1996]]) * [[1920]] - [[Amalia Rodrigues]], cantrix Lusitana (†&nbsp;1999) * [[1925]] ** [[Alanus Decaux]], rerum gestarum scriptor [[Francia|Francicus]] (†&nbsp;[[2016]]) ** [[Quett Masire]], praeses [[Botswana]]e (†&nbsp;[[2017]]) * [[1940]] - [[Thomas Padoa Schioppa]], [[oeconomia]]e et rerum politicarum peritus Italianus (†&nbsp;[[2010]]) * [[1941]] **[[Petrus Agostini]], [[physicus]] Francicus origine [[Tunisia]]e [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus **[[Sergius Mattarella]], [[praeses rei publicae Italicae]] * [[1943]] - [[Antonius Colman]], rerum politicarum peritus [[Regnum Unitum|Britannicus]] factionis [[Factio laboris (Britanniarum Regnum)|Laboris]] * [[1944]] - [[Maria Ioanna Pires]], [[clavicen]] Lusitana * 1952 - [[Petrus Bleser]], rerum politicarum peritus Germanicus factionis [[CDU]] * [[1953]] - [[Najib Tun Razak]], primus minister [[Malaesia]]e * [[1957]] - [[Theodorus van Gogh]], [[moderator cinematographicus]] et [[diurnarius]] [[Nederlandia|Nederlandicus]] (†&nbsp;[[2004]]) * 1959 - [[Li Qiang]], primus minister [[Res publica popularis Sinarum|rei publicae popularis Sinarum]] * [[1961]] - [[Woody Harrelson]], histrio Americanus * [[1962]] - [[Fridericus Franco]], praeses [[Paraquaria]]e * [[1965]] - [[Slash]], citharista et musicus [[Anglia|Anglo]]-Americanus * [[1967]] - [[Philippus Seymour Hoffman]], histrio Americanus (†&nbsp;[[2014]]) * [[1972]] - [[Masaki Tsuchihashi]], pedilusor [[Iaponia|Iaponicus]] * [[1984]] - [[Gualtherius Gargano]], pedilusor [[Uruguaia]]nus * [[1987]] - [[Kosuke Ota]], pedilusor Iaponicus * [[1989]] - [[Daniel Radcliffe]], actor Anglicus == Mortui == === Saeculo 14 === * [[1373]] - [[Birgitta de Suecia]], sancta, religiosa (*&nbsp;[[1303]]) === Saeculo 17 === * [[1645]] - [[Michael (tzar Russiae)|Michael I]], tzar [[Russia]]e (*&nbsp;[[1596]]) === Saeculo 18 === * [[1757]] - [[Dominicus Scarlatti]], compositor Italicus (*&nbsp;[[1685]]) === Saeculo 19 === * [[1875]] - [[Isaac Merritt Singer]], [[inventor]] et [[magister officinarum]] Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1811]]) * [[1885]] - [[Ulixes S. Grant]], praeses CFA (*&nbsp;[[1822]]) === Saeculo 20 === * [[1901]] - [[Clemens Turnovski]], [[metropolita]] dioeceseos [[Tarnobum|Tarnobi]], scriptor et rerum politicarum peritus [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]] (*&nbsp;[[1840]]) * [[1932]] - [[Albertus Santos Dumont]], inventor [[Brasilia]]nus (*&nbsp;[[1873]]) * [[1951]] - [[Philippus Pétain]], miles et politicus Francicus (*&nbsp;[[1856]]) * [[1952]] - [[Carolus Severing]], vir publicus Germanicus et sodalis [[SPD]] (*&nbsp;[[1875]]) * [[1955]] - [[Cordell Hull]], legatus et politicus Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1871]]) * 1957 - [[Iosephus Tomasi di Lampedusa]], scriptor Italicus (*&nbsp;[[1896]]) * [[1964]] - [[Kodaw Hmaing]], auctor scaenicus et satyricus [[Birmania|Birmanicus]] (*&nbsp;[[1876]]) * [[1999]] - [[Hasanus II|Hassan II]], rex Maroci (*&nbsp;[[1929]]) * [[2000]] - [[Iohannes Dyba]], archiepiscopus [[Fulda|Fuldensis]] (*&nbsp;1929) === Saeculo 21 === * [[2007]] **[[Ernestus Otto Fischer]], chemicus Germanicus, [[Praemium Nobelianum chemiae|praemio Nobeliano chemiae]] affectus (*&nbsp;[[1918]]) **[[Mahometus Zahir Shah]], ultimus rex [[Afgania]]e (*&nbsp;1914) * [[2008]] - [[Curtius Furgler]], publicus Helveticus (*&nbsp;[[1924]]) * [[2011]] - [[Amy Winehouse]], [[cantus|cantrix]] Britannica (*&nbsp;[[1983]]) * [[2012]] - [[Sally Ride]], astronauta Americana (*&nbsp;[[1951]]) * [[2013]] - [[Djalma Santos]], pedilusor Brasilianus (*&nbsp;[[1929]]) * [[2015]] - [[Gulielmus Wakefield Baum]], cardinalis Americanus (*&nbsp;[[1926]]) * [[2021]] **[[Stephanus Weinberg]], physicus Americanus, [[Praemium Nobelianum physicae|praemio Nobeliano physicae]] affectus (*&nbsp;[[1933]]) **[[Toshihide Maskawa]], physicus Iaponicus, praemio Nobeliano physicae affectus (*&nbsp1940) * [[2022]] - [[Robertus Rafelson]], moderator cinematographicus Americanus (*&nbsp;1933) * [[2024]] - [[Ioannes Robertinus Warren]], medicus et pathologus [[Australia]]nus, [[Praemium Nobelianum physiologiae et medicinae|praemio Nobeliano physiologiae et medicinae]] affectus (*&nbsp;[[1937]]) == Festa et Feriae == * Dies nationalis ([[Aegyptus]]) * Natalis imperatoris [[Haile Selassie]] (Rastafarianismus) * [[Roma antiqua|Romae]]: [[Neptunus|Neptunalia]] * [[Birgitta de Suecia|Sancta Birgitta]] (ecclesia catholica) * [[Sanctus Apollinaris]], episcopus et martyr (Calendarium Romanae catholicae atiquum * [[Dies caniculares]] - ad diem [[23 Augusti]] {{menses}} [[Categoria:Dies]] dmewrlnna8odgphcjegvc1sjoupnaj3 0 16276 3974343 3959287 2026-07-24T22:52:19Z Scip. 77624 + 3974343 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Mole Antonelliana di sera.jpg|thumb|[[Moles Antonelliana]]]] '''Augusta Taurinorum'''<ref>[[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plin.]] ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Nat.]]'' 3.123; [[Tacitus|Tac.]] ''[[Historiae (Tacitus)|Hist.]]'' 2.66.</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Torino'') est [[urbes Italiae|urbs]] [[Italia|Italica]] et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 896&nbsp;350 incolarum, locus princeps [[regio Italiae|regionis]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontii]] et [[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[urbs metropolitana Taurinensis|urbis metropolitanae Taurinensis]]. Fuit [[colonia Romana]], ab [[Augustus (imperator)|Augusto]] principe condita, sed iam ante [[Imperium Romanum]] fuerat, ut videtur, [[metropolis]] [[civitas|civitatis]] [[Taurini|Taurinorum]]. Temporibus recentioribus fuit caput [[ducatus Sabaudiae]], [[regnum Sardiniae|regni Sardiniae]], et ab [[1861]] ad [[1865]] [[Regnum Italiae (1861-1946)|Regni Italiae]] omnis; unde nuncupari potest cunabula [[unificatio Italiae|unificationis paeninsulae]]. Urbium [[industria]]lium Italiae hodiernae loco tertio enumeratur. Hic admiratione digna sunt [[Porta Palatina (Augusta Taurinorum)|Porta Palatina]] urbis Romanae, [[Palatium Madama (Augusta Taurinorum)|Palatium ''Madama'']] reginarum Sabaudiensium, [[moles Antonelliana]] ad [[museum]] [[cinematographia|cinematographicum]] accommodata, necnon [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Taurinensis|ecclesia cathedralis Sancti Ioannis Baptistae]], ubi servatur [[sindon Taurinensis]]; hinc praeterea formosissimae [[Alpes|Alpium]] occidentalium [[vallis|valles]] visitantur. == Nomen == [[Antiquitas|Antiquissimum]] urbis [[nomen proprium|nomen]], si recte huic loco adsignatur, est ''Taurasia''; ita appellabatur caput civitatis Taurinorum, quo tempore [[Hannibal]] hanc terram transivit.<ref>{{Polytonic|Ταυρασία}}: [[Appianus]], ''Bellum Hannibalicum'' 5. Vide "Taurasia (2)" in {{KP}} vol. 5 col. 540.</ref> [[Colonia Romana]] ibi ad honorem imperatoris Augusti nomine pleno et sollemni ''Colonia Iulia Augusta Taurinorum,''<ref>De prisca "colonia Iulia Taurinorum" anno 33 a.C.n. condita vide {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/alpi_(Enciclopedia_Italiana)/|Alpi|R. A. et alii|1929}}. Collegae autem adseverant: "È incerto se i due appellativi Iulia Augusta accennino a una doppia deduzione, la prima per opera di Ottaviano triumviro, la seconda per opera dello stesso già Augusto, o ad una sola, per opera di Augusto": {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)|Torino|P. L. et alii|1937}}.</ref> nomine autem communi ''Augusta Taurinorum'' laureata est.<ref>"Augusta Taurinorum": {{Pnh}} [http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/L/Roman/Texts/Pliny_the_Elder/3*.html 3.123]. "{{Polytonic|Αὐγούστα Ταυρινῶν}}": {{Ptol Geog}} [https://archive.org/stream/claudiiptolemaei01ptol#page/146/mode/2up 3.1.35]. Ita "Augusta Taurinorum" in ''[[Tabula Peutingeriana]]'', sed "Taurinis" (casu dativo vel locativo) in {{IA}}</ref> Haec appellatio a recentioribus saepe adhibetur. Multi autem brevius '''Taurinum''' Latine nuncupant.<ref>"Augusta Taurinorum . . . Taurinum" apud [http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0407a.html Hofmannum].</ref> Haec urbs [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] hodie ''Torino'' appellatur, sed sermone [[Lingua Pedemontica|Pedemontico]] huius regionis (sicut et [[Lingua Theodisca|Theodisce]]) ''Turin''. Incola Latine Taurinensis<ref>Vide {{CathHierDiocese|tori|Archidioecesis Taurinensis}}.</ref> (Italiane ''Torinese''&thinsp;; Pedemontice ''Turinèis'') nuncupatur. == Historia == ; Origines Italicae et Romanae [[Saeculum 3 a.C.n.|Tertio saeculo a.C.n.]] secundum ripas [[Padana]]s primae [[tribus]] collocabantur, ab Alpibus venientes, quaerentes campos, quos colerent. Hi homines ex stirpe [[Celti|Celto]]-[[Liguri|Ligura]] appellabantur, etiam Taurini et nomen loci ''Taurasia'' dederunt; nomen autem e ''tauro'' non oritur, qui signum civitatis postea factum erit, sed a [[Celti]]co verbo ''tau,'' quod 'mons' significat. Socii Romanorum invasioni Hannibalis anno [[218 a.C.n.]] restiterunt. Sita in via per Gallias, postea ''Castra Taurinorum'' a [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaio Iulio Caesare]] anno [[58 a.C.n.]] condita sunt. Urbs comprehenditur in Imperio Romano, Augusto Principe, ut praesidia limitum, nomine ''Augusta Taurinorum''. Ex illo tempore oritur institutio tabulae latrunculariae, quae pertinet et ampliatur usque ad hodiernos dies, cum [[decumanus|decumano]], qui vocatur hodie Via Garibaldi, et [[cardo|cardine]], qui constituitur viis Sancti Thomae et portae Palatinae. [[Saeculum 1 a.C.n.|Primo saeculo a.C.n.]] constructum est [[theatrum]] Romanum, e quo amplae partes exstant. Porta Palatina etiam illo tempore constructa est. Anno [[69]] in proelio inter [[Otho]]nem et [[Vitellius|Vitellium]] incendium civitatem partim delevit. ; Aetate hodierna [[Fasciculus:TurinCafeLat.jpg|thumb|left|Inscriptio "Qui bene bibit, bene dormit, qui bene dormit, non peccat, qui non peccat, venit in coelum, ergo, qui bene bibit, venit in coelum."]] Anno [[1861]] Augusta Taurinorum, quae ab anno [[1563]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]] ducatús Sabaudiae (ab anno [[1720]] regni Sardiniae) fuerat, primum caput [[Italia]]e facta est; sed anno [[1865]] caput Italiae [[Florentia]]m et postea [[Roma]]m translatum est. == Clima == Urbi Taurinensi inter [[clima]]ta duo per [[enumeratio climatum Köppen–Geiger|enumerationem Köppen–Geiger]], videlicet [[clima subtropicum humidum|subtropicum humidum]] et [[clima oceanicum|oceanicum]]. Clima in stationes quattuor dividitur, [[hiems|hieme]] frigida et admodum sicca, [[aestas|aestate]] calida, [[ver]]e et [[autumnus|autumno]] [[pluvia|pluviosioribus]], pluviis violentibus aestate interdum incidentibus; [[temperatura]] aëris media [[Ianuarius|mense Ianuario]] 2° atque [[Iulius|mense Iulio]] 22.5°, minima inter −2.5° et 17°, maxima inter 6.5° et 28°, sed minima extrema usque hodie nota −21.8°, maxima extrema 37.1°; pluviis mense Decembri ad 45 mm tantum, mense Maio 145 mm, toto anno non minus quam 981 mm elevatis; diebus pluviosis per annum totum fere 81 incidentibus; [[humiditas relativa|humiditate relativa]] inter mensuras 67 centesimas et 80 centesimas reperta, [[hora|horis]] [[sol]]is fulgentis [[November|mense Novembri]] 105, mense Iulio 260, per annum totum 1990 relatis.<ref>Res climatologicae e Vicipaedia Anglica extractae, fontibus fidei dignis ibi citatis.</ref> == Urbis administratio == Ab anno [[2016]] praefectus urbis est [[Clara Appendino]]. == Ecclesia Catholica == Augusta Taurinorum est [[sedes episcopalis metropolitana]] ([[Archidioecesis Taurinensis]]) [[Ecclesia Catholica|Ecclesiae Catholicae]]. Praesens [[archiepiscopus]] [[Caesar Nosiglia]] est. Multi [[archiepiscopus|archiepiscopi]] Augustae Taurinorum etiam [[cardinalis|cardinales]] fuerunt. Augustae Taurinorum archiepiscopus est custos [[sindon Taurinensis|sindonis Taurinensis]]. == Clari cives == Augustae Taurinorum vixerunt aut nati sunt (praeter alios praeclaros incolas): === Nati === * [[Maximus Taurinensis]], [[episcopus]] ac [[sanctus]] * [[Iosephus Ludovicus Lagrange|Josephus Aloysius Lagrange]], [[mathematicus]] * [[Maria Ludovica Sabaudiae Carignano]] * [[Camillus Cavour]], primus praeses Consilii Ministrorum regni Italiae * [[Victorius Emmanuel II (rex Italiae)|Victor Emmanuel II]], primus [[rex Italiae]] * [[Leonardus Fea]], [[zoologus]] (1852–1903) * [[Franciscus Tamagno]], [[tenor]] * [[Guido Gozzano]], [[poeta]] * [[Petrus Gobetti]], [[vir publicus]] ac [[diarium|diarii]] [[scriptor]] * [[Primus Levi]], [[scriptor]] * [[Iosephus Saragat]], praeses Rei Publicae Italiae * [[Erminius Macario]], [[histrio]] * [[Carolus Fruttero]], [[scriptor]] * [[Carolus Maria Martini]], [[episcopus]] * [[Ioannes Rondolino]], [[historicus]] * [[Iulianus Amato]], [[vir publicus]], bis praeses Consilii Ministrorum Rei Publicae Italianae et administer rerum interiarum * [[Fabricius Barca]], [[vir publicus]] * [[Maximus Gramellini]], [[scriptor]] === Mortui === * [[Claudius Taurinensis]] * [[Ioannes Bosco]], sanctus * [[Camillus Cavour]], vir publicus * [[Leonardus Fea]], zoologus (1852–1903) * [[Petrus Georgius Frassati]], beatus * [[Caesar Pavese]], scriptor * [[1987]] [[Primus Levi]], scriptor * [[Francus Lucentini]], scriptor * [[Petrus Micca]] (1677– 1706), [[heros]] == Res oeconomicae == Augusta Taurinorum est urbs industrialis. Hic est [[FIAT]], maxima [[societas lucrativa]] ad [[autocinetum|autocineta]] facienda in Italia dicata. Taurini ''[[La Stampa]]'', clarum [[diarium]], ac tertium, quod ad propagationem in Italia pertinet, edita est. == Aedificia egregia == * [[Ecclesia Cathedralis Taurinensis|Ecclesia cathedralis Sancti Ioannis Baptistae]] * [[Moles Antonelliana]] * [[Porta Palatina (Augusta Taurinorum)|Porta Palatina]] urbis Romanae * [[Palatium Madama (Augusta Taurinorum)|Palatium ''Madama'']] == Vecturae == === Aeroportus === * [[Aeroportus Augustae Taurinorum-Casellarum]] seu Aeroportus Internationalis "Alexander Pertini" == Institutio Publica == === Biliothecae === Anno [[1839]] [[Bibliotheca Regalis (Taurinum)|Bibliotheca Regalis]] condita est. === Scholae === * [[Universitas Taurinensis]] == [[Ludus athleticus|Ludi athletici]] == [[Juventus FC]] et [[Torino FC]] turmae [[Pediludium|pediludii]] urbis Augustae Taurinorum sunt. == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Vici urbani (Circumscriptiones) === * [[I Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|I Regio]] ''Centro, Crocetta'' * [[II Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|II Regio]] ''Santa Rita, Mirafiori Nord'' * [[III Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|III Regio]] ''Borgo San Paolo, Cenisia, Pozzo Strada, Cit Turin, Borgata Lesna'' * [[IV Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|IV Regio]] ''San Donato, Campidoglio, Parella'' * [[V Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|V Regio]] ''Borgo Vittoria, Madonna di Campagna, Lucento, Vallette'' * [[VI Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|VI Regio]] ''Barriera di Milano, Regio Parco, Barca, Bertolla, Falchera, Rebaudengo, Villaretto'' * [[VII Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|VII Regio]] ''Aurora, Vanchiglia, Sassi, Madonna del Pilone'' * [[VIII Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|VIII Regio]] ''San Salvario, Cavoretto, Borgo Po'' * [[IX Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|IX Regio]] ''Nizza Millefonti, Lingotto, Filadelfia'' * [[X Regio (Augusta Taurinorum)|X Regio]] ''Mirafiori Sud'' === Loci clari === * [[Superga]] == Municipia finitima == {{div col|2}} * [[Baldicherium Cheriensium]] * [[Benacum]] * [[Burgarium Taurinense]] * [[Collegium (Italia)|Collegium]] * [[Gruliascum]] * [[Amapanum]] * [[Mons Calerius]] * [[Nicolinum]] * [[Orbacianum]] * [[Picetum Taurinorum]] * [[Pinetum Taurinensium]] * [[Ripulae (Pedemontium)|Ripulae]] * [[Pulcherada]] * [[Septimum Taurinorum]] * [[Venatica Regia]] {{div col end}} {{NexInt}} * [[Pedemontium]] * [[Provincia Taurinensis]] * [[Urbs metropolitana Taurinensis]] * [[Urbes Italiae]] * [[512 Taurinensis]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == ; De urbe antiqua * "Augusta (5). Augusta Taurinorum" in {{KP}} vol. 1 col. 738 * "Augusta Taurinorum (Torino)" in {{TIR L32}} p. 29 * {{EnciArteAntica|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_%28Enciclopedia-dell%27-Arte-Antica%29/|Torino|C. Carducci}} ; Opera veteriora * "[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof1/s0407a.html Augusta Taurinorum]" et "[http://www.uni-mannheim.de/mateo/camenaref/hofmann/hof4/s0484b.html Taurini]" in {{Hofmannus}} * Onorato Derossi, ''Nuova guida per la città di Torino''. Taurinis, 1781 [http://gutenberg.beic.it/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=609392&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&search_terms=DTL10&pds_handle= Textus] ; Operea recentiora * ''Storia di Torino''. 9 Voll. Taurinis: Einaudi, 1997-1999 * Norberto Bobbio, ''Trent'anni di storia della cultura a Torino (1920-1950)''. Taurinis: Einaudi, 2002 * A. L. Cardoza, G. W. Symcox, ''Storia di Torino''. Taurinis: Einaudi, 2006 * Giuseppe Culicchia, ''Torino è casa mia''. Mediolani: Laterza, 2006. * Giuditta Dembech, ''Torino città magica''. Ariete Multimedia, 1995. * Gennaro Di Napoli, Luca Mercalli, ''Il clima di Torino''. Taurinis: Società Meteorologica Subalpina, 2008. * Enrico Martino, ''Gente chiamata Torino''. EGA Editore, 1996 * Vittorio Messori, Giovanni Cazzullo, ''Il Mistero di Torino''. Mediolani: Mondadori, 2005, ISBN 88-04-52070-1 ; Aliae encyclopaediae * "[http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_%28Dizionario-di-Storia%29/ Torino]" in ''Dizionario di storia'' (Romae: Treccani, 2011) * {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)|Torino|P. L. et alii|1937}} * {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_res-4a683b63-9bca-11e2-9d1b-00271042e8d9_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/|Torino: situazione politico-amministrativa; architettura|Francesca Socrate, Alessandro De Magistris|2007}} * {{EnciItaliana|http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/torino_res-047342d6-87e7-11dc-8e9d-0016357eee51_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/|Torino: appendice|Giuseppe Caraci, Emilio Lavagnino|1949}} == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Turin|Augustam Taurinorum}} {{Fontes geographici}} * {{opus|url=https://www.comune.torino.it/|titulus=Situs interretialis}} {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} * [http://www.romanoimpero.com/2013/02/julia-augusta-taurinorum-torino-piemonte.html De urbe Romana] {{Coord|45|04|00|N|07|42|00|E|display=title}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map - IT - Torino - Municipality code 1272.svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Taurinensis in urbe metropolitana Taurinensi. Fasciculus:Mole Antonelliana Torino.JPG|[[Moles Antonelliana]]. Fasciculus:Mole Antonelliana from Piazza Statuto.jpg|[[Moles Antonelliana]]. Fasciculus:Palazzo Reale (7379271406).jpg|Palatium regale. Fasciculus:Duomo Torino.jpg|[[Ecclesia Cathedralis Turinensis]] et [[Cappella Sacri Sindonis]]. Fasciculus:Mg-k Basilica Superga1.jpg|[[Basilica Superga]]ana. </gallery> {{Capita regionum Italicarum}} {{Capita provinciarum Italicarum}} {{Myrias|Geographia}} [[Categoria:Augusta Taurinorum| ]] b0cp3t50yag3gtoehbu6py5y01w0z9v 0 18968 3974279 3747969 2026-07-24T20:06:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974279 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Regio Carolaeburgum<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=XDs_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=Carolaeburgum&source=bl&ots=JemOEe4xyw&sig=W_bS1tJVUE0dKyjWuMKt-4ETCDU&hl=de&ei=mhGUS-CtNZCpsAaj0YSIDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Carolaeburgum&f=false Opuscula miscella: 1, Juris publici : 2, Feudalis : 3, Privati ..., Band 2 Von Johann Peter von Ludewig]</ref><ref>"Charlottenburgum": {{Mundt}}</ref>-Wilmersdorfium<ref>fortasse [https://books.google.de/books?id=oP0-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=Wilmersdorfium&source=bl&ots=su9aYIwBY0&sig=ACfU3U07v6ck8HMvpE_aUyXkwfoxR1Lj-g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidpryp55npAhXE2qQKHXwNAKEQ6AEwEHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Wilmersdorfium&f=false The Typographical Gazetteer By Henry Cotton], [https://books.google.de/books?id=NQQieq0RwMQC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=Wilmersdorfium&source=bl&ots=FzeIqEUglb&sig=ACfU3U2pORO_eG7a_izr7FUW5D4T7EZOqg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidpryp55npAhXE2qQKHXwNAKEQ6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Wilmersdorfium&f=false The Typographical Gazetteer Attempted by the Rev. Henry Cotton By Henry Cotton]</ref>''' regio IV ex duodecim [[regio]]nibus Berolinensibus est. == Coniunctiones communium == * [[Manhemium]] {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1962; * ''Or Jehuda'' {{IsraelVex}} ab anno 1966 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Tridentum]] {{ItaliaVex}} ab anno 1966 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Apeldornium]] {{BataviaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Gladsaxe'' {{DaniaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Lewisham (burgus)|Lewisham]] {{AngliaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Minda]] {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1968; * [[Suttona (Londinium)|Suttona]] {{AngliaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Spalatum]] {{CroatiaVex}} ab anno 1970 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * '[[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'') (urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1980; * ''Karmi'el'' (urbs [[Galilaea|Gallilaeae]]) {{IsraelVex}} ab anno 1985 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Kulmbach'' (pagus [[Bavaria|Bavariae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1988; * ''Waldeck-Frankenberg'' {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1988; * Kiovia {{UcrainaVex}} ab anno 1991 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Marburg-Biedenkopf'' (pagus [[Hassia|Hassiae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1991; * ''Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis'' (pagus [[Hassia|Hassiae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1991; * ''Międzyrzecz'' {{PoloniaVex}} ab anno 1993 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Cavaniacum]] {{FranciaVex}} ab anno 1995 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Budapestinum]] {{HungariaVex}} ab anno 1998 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Lentia]] {{AustriaVex}} ab anno 1998 (cum Carolaeburgo) == Imago == <gallery> File:InGirumImus.jpg| Sententia Latina Carolaeburgi inscripta </gallery> == Filius civitatis == * [[Ferdinandus Georgius Frobenius]], Carolaeburgi natus, mathematicus == Mortuus == * [[Theodorus Mommsen]], Carolaeburgi == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf|Carolaeburgum-Wilmersdorfium}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Regiones Berolini}} [[Categoria:Regiones Berolini]] fcixtv7ll611b6i0u6clvy8i69adpsl 3974280 3974279 2026-07-24T20:06:53Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* Coniunctiones communium */ 3974280 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Regio Carolaeburgum<ref>[http://books.google.de/books?id=XDs_AAAAcAAJ&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=Carolaeburgum&source=bl&ots=JemOEe4xyw&sig=W_bS1tJVUE0dKyjWuMKt-4ETCDU&hl=de&ei=mhGUS-CtNZCpsAaj0YSIDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Carolaeburgum&f=false Opuscula miscella: 1, Juris publici : 2, Feudalis : 3, Privati ..., Band 2 Von Johann Peter von Ludewig]</ref><ref>"Charlottenburgum": {{Mundt}}</ref>-Wilmersdorfium<ref>fortasse [https://books.google.de/books?id=oP0-AAAAYAAJ&pg=PA219&lpg=PA219&dq=Wilmersdorfium&source=bl&ots=su9aYIwBY0&sig=ACfU3U07v6ck8HMvpE_aUyXkwfoxR1Lj-g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidpryp55npAhXE2qQKHXwNAKEQ6AEwEHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=Wilmersdorfium&f=false The Typographical Gazetteer By Henry Cotton], [https://books.google.de/books?id=NQQieq0RwMQC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=Wilmersdorfium&source=bl&ots=FzeIqEUglb&sig=ACfU3U2pORO_eG7a_izr7FUW5D4T7EZOqg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidpryp55npAhXE2qQKHXwNAKEQ6AEwDHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=Wilmersdorfium&f=false The Typographical Gazetteer Attempted by the Rev. Henry Cotton By Henry Cotton]</ref>''' regio IV ex duodecim [[regio]]nibus Berolinensibus est. == Coniunctiones communium == * [[Manhemium]] {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1962; * ''Or Jehuda'' {{IsraelVex}} ab anno 1966 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Tridentum]] {{ItaliaVex}} ab anno 1966 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Apeldornium]] {{BataviaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Gladsaxe'' {{DaniaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Lewisham (burgus)|Lewisham]] {{AngliaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Minda]] {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1968; * [[Suttona (Londinium)|Suttona]] {{AngliaVex}} ab anno 1968 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Spalatum]] {{CroatiaVex}} ab anno 1970 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'') (urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1980; * ''Karmi'el'' (urbs [[Galilaea|Gallilaeae]]) {{IsraelVex}} ab anno 1985 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Kulmbach'' (pagus [[Bavaria|Bavariae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1988; * ''Waldeck-Frankenberg'' {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1988; * Kiovia {{UcrainaVex}} ab anno 1991 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * ''Marburg-Biedenkopf'' (pagus [[Hassia|Hassiae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1991; * ''Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis'' (pagus [[Hassia|Hassiae]]) {{GermaniaVex}} ab anno 1991; * ''Międzyrzecz'' {{PoloniaVex}} ab anno 1993 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Cavaniacum]] {{FranciaVex}} ab anno 1995 (cum Wilmersdorfio); * [[Budapestinum]] {{HungariaVex}} ab anno 1998 (cum Carolaeburgo); * [[Lentia]] {{AustriaVex}} ab anno 1998 (cum Carolaeburgo) == Imago == <gallery> File:InGirumImus.jpg| Sententia Latina Carolaeburgi inscripta </gallery> == Filius civitatis == * [[Ferdinandus Georgius Frobenius]], Carolaeburgi natus, mathematicus == Mortuus == * [[Theodorus Mommsen]], Carolaeburgi == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf|Carolaeburgum-Wilmersdorfium}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{Regiones Berolini}} [[Categoria:Regiones Berolini]] ng0zeloxykesj73aytkp8la8oiq4dde 0 21085 3974383 3072579 2026-07-25T01:14:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974383 wikitext text/x-wiki {{decennium|113}} '''1124''' = MCXXIV == Eventa == * [[27 Iulii]] - Exercitus [[Regnum Hierosolymitanum|Regni Hierosolymitani]] auxilio [[Venetiae|Venetiarum]] [[Tyrus|Tyrum]] oppidum expugnavit. * Oppida [[Galvia]] ([[Hibernia]]) et [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]] ([[Saxonia Inferior]]) condita sunt. == Nati == {{Nati desiderati}} == Mortui == * [[23 Aprilis]] - [[Alexander I (rex Scotiae)|Alexander I]], rex [[Scotia]]e; natus est anno [[1078]]. * [[13 Decembris]] - [[Callistus II]] papa; natus est circa annum [[1050]]. 3enjchicllarf9vcp3tc8glc572gl5b 0 23323 3974286 3972343 2026-07-24T20:46:14Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974286 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Petrus (discretiva)}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “saxum” | imago = Porträt des Komponisten Pjotr I. Tschaikowski (1840-1893) cropped.jpg | capitulum = [[Petrus Čajkovskij]], compositor Russicus | dies = 29 Iunii }} {{res|Petrus}} est [[nomen]] masculinum e verbo [[Lingua Graeca|Graeco]] ''πέτρα'', 'saxum' derivatum. In [[Novum Testamentum|Novo Testamento]] [[Biblia Sacra|Bibliorum Sacrorum]] [[Iesus]] nomen ''Petrum'' [[apostolus|apostolo]] [[Simon]]i dedit, secundum nomen eius priscum, nempe ''Cephas'' ([[Aramaice]]: כיפא, ''cepha'' 'petra'; [[Lingua Graeca|Graece]]: Πέτρος, ''Petros'' ; hinc Latine: ''Petrus''). Forma muliebris '''[[Petra (nomen)|Petra]]''' est. ==Qui hoc nomen habebant== ===Imperatores Russiae=== * [[Petrus I (imperator Russiae)|Petrus I Magnus]] * [[Petrus II (imperator Russiae)|Petrus II]] * [[Petrus III (imperator Russiae)|Petrus III]] ===Imperatores Brasiliae=== * [[Petrus I (imperator Brasiliae)|Petrus I]] * [[Petrus II (imperator Brasiliae)|Petrus II]] ===Reges Aragonum=== * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Petrus I (rex Aragonum)|Petrus I|es|qid=Q379748}} * [[Petrus II (rex Aragonum)|Petrus II]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Petrus III (rex Aragonum)|Petrus III|es|qid=Q312311}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Petrus IV (rex Aragonum)|Petrus IV|es|qid=Q336823}} ===Rex Bulgariae=== * [[Petrus I (rex Bulgariae)|Petrus I]] ===Comites Sabaudiae === *[[Petrus I Sabaudiae|Petrus I]] *[[Petrus II Sabaudiae|Petrus II]] == Qui hoc praenomen habebant == * [[Petrus Abaelardus]] * [[Petrus Aretinus]] * [[Petrus Bembus]] * [[Petrus Čajkovskij]] * [[Petrus Curie]] * [[Petrus Calderonius de la Barca]] * [[Petrus Damianus]] * [[Petrus Gassendus]] * [[Petrus Iacobus Grampa]] * [[Petrus Hegseth]] * [[Petrus Karavelov]] * [[Petrus Louÿs]] * [[Petrus Mascagni]] * [[Petrus Metastasius]] * [[Petrus Needham]] * [[Petrus O'Toole]] * [[Petrus Porošenko]] * [[Petrus Rumjancev]] * [[Petrus Skarga]] * [[Petrus Trudeau]] * [[Petrus Wrangel]] == Nexus interni == * [[Ioannes Petrus]] * [[Peter Pan|Petrus Pan]] * [[Petrus Paulus]] [[Categoria:Praenomina]] 45u9f14m5pcjuhiez4vv8fmtlor1isg 0 23481 3974174 3950585 2026-07-24T13:04:13Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 2 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974174 wikitext text/x-wiki {{latinitas}} {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Provincia Caesaraugustana'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> ([[Hispanice]] et [[Aragonice]] ''Provincia de Zaragoza''; [[Catalanice]] ''Província de Saragossa'') est [[septemtrio]]nalis [[Hispania]]e provincia, media in [[Aragonia]] [[communitas autonoma|communitate autonoma]] sita, inter [[provincia]]s [[Provincia Ilerdae|Ilerdensem]] et [[Provincia Tarraconensis|Tarraconensem]] ad ortum et [[Provincia Soriae|Provinciam Soriae]], [[Rioiia]]m,et [[Navarra]]m ad occasum, atque inter [[Provincia Terulensis|Provinciam Terulensem]] et [[Provincia Guadalaxarae|Provinciam Guadalaxarae]] ad meridiem et [[Provincia Oscensis|Provinciam Oscensem]] ad septentrionem. Suum [[caput (urbs)|caput]] est [[Caesaraugusta]],<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> quae etiam [[Aragonia|communitatis autonomae]] caput est. [[Bilbilis]] est aliud [[municipium]] in Caesaraugusta.<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> Sua area est 17.274 km². Incolarum 979 365 (anno 2023) habet, quorum circiter tria quarta caput incolunt, et sua incolaria densitas 56,7 inc./km² est. 293 municipiorum continet, quorum incolarum media ratio minus quam 300 est. == Commarcae<ref name="Commarca">De hoc lemmate, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Traditiones_Emmerammenses_(Anamodus_Ratisponensis) ''Traditiones Emmerammenses (Anamodus Ratisponensis)'' apud ''Vicifontem''], ubi dicitur "commarcarum colligens. . . . De commarca vero . . . in commarcam."</ref> provinciae Caesaraugustanae == {| |- bgcolor=silver | <center>'''Nomen [[Lingua Latina|Lat(inum).]] (Nomen [[lingua Hispanica|His(panicum).]], [[Lingua Aragonensis|Ara(goniense).]], et [[Lingua Catalana|Cat(alanicum).]])'''</center> | <center>'''Caput Lat. (Caput His., Ara. et Cat.)'''</center> | <center>'''Partitur cum provincia Oscense'''</center> |- | [[Cinga Inferior]]<ref name="Cinga">De hoc lemmate, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Pharsalia/I ''Pharsalia/I'' apud ''Vicifontem''], ubi dicitur "(...) qua Cinga pererrat (...)".</ref> (His. ''Bajo Cinca'', Ara. ''Cinca Baixa'', Cat. ''Baix Cinca'') | [[Flavia Gallica]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> seu [[Fragensis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> seu [[Gallicum (Provincia Oscensis)|Gallicum]]<ref name="Hofmann">{{Hofmannus}}</ref> seu [[Fraga (urbs)|Fraga]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His., Ara., et Cat. ''Fraga'') | Ita |- | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z">[https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-m-z.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (M-Z)'']</ref> (His. ''Los Monegros'', Ara. ''Os Monegros'', Cat. ''Els Monegres'') | [[Sariniena|Sariniēna]]<ref name="Sariñena, Almudévar, Zuera">Vide [http://www.bivizar.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=3 ''Rerum Aragonensium Commentarii''], ubi dicitur "(...) Sarinienam: Almudebarem: Zueram (...)".</ref> (His. ''Sariñena'', Ara. et Cat. ''Sarinyena'') | Ita |- | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. ''Tarazona y el Moncayo'', Ara. ''Tarazona e o Moncayo'', Cat. ''Tarassona i el Moncayo'') | [[Turiaso]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Turiasso]]<ref name="Graesse"/> (His. et Ara. ''Tarazona'', Cat. ''Tarassona'') | Non |- | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao">Vide [https://celtiberiahistorica.es/es/exposicion-viva/borsao-borja ''Borsao (Borja)''], ubi dicitur "(...) La celtibérica ''Bursau'' y la romanizada ''Bursao'' (...)".</ref> (His. ''Campo de Borja'', Ara. ''Campo de Borcha'', Cat. ''Camp de Borja'') | [[Bursao]]<ref name="Borsao"/> seu [[Burge]]<ref name="Bureta"/><ref name="Frescaron"/> (His. et Cat. Borja, Ara. Borcha) | Non |- | [[Aranda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L">[https://ocharraire.blogspot.com/p/toponimia-mayor-aragonesa-l.html ''O Charraire: Toponimia Mayor Aragonesa (A-L)'']</ref> (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Aranda'') | [[Illicata]]<ref name="Illueca">Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illueca#Historia commentationem de Illicata apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur "Illicata y, más tarde, Illoca, son los nombres con que Illueca es mencionada en documentos medievales".</ref> seu [[Illoca]]<ref name="Illueca"/> (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Illueca'') | Non |- | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus">[[Rufus Festus Avienus|Rufi Festii Avieni]] ''Ora Maritima'' v. 530. A. Shulten apud "Fontes Hispaniae Antiquae" eddidit, Barcinone [[1947]].</ref> (His. ''Ribera Alta del Ebro'', Ara. ''Ribera Alta de l'Ebro'', Cat. ''Ribera Alta de l'Ebre'') | [[Allabo]]<ref name="Allabo">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/atlasofancientcl00rhys/atlasofancientcl00rhys_djvu.txt ''Atlas of ancient & classical geography''], ubi dicitur "(...) Allabo, Alagon (...)".</ref> seu [[Alabon]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Alabona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Alavona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Allabona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Alago]]<ref name="Gallur"/> (His., Ara. ''Alagón'', Cat. ''Alagó'') | Non |- | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. et Cat. ''Valdejalón'', Ara. ''Val de Xalón'') | [[Nertobriga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> seu [[Almunia Domnae Godinae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Embit"/> (His. La Almunia de Doña Godina, Ara. et Cat. L'Almunia de Donya Godina) | Non |- | [[Commarca Media]] (His. et Ara. Zaragoza, Cat. ''Comarca Central'') | [[Octavus (Caesaraugusta)|Octavus]]<ref name="Utebo">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20251117092544/https://utebo.es/historia ''Ayuntamiento de Utebo''], ubi dicitur "(...) Concretamente, en Aragón, los pueblos como CUARTE (QUARTVS), QUINTO (QUINTVS), UTEBO (OCTAVUS) o NUENO (NOVENUS). Utebo, concretamente, se situaba en la octava milla entre Caesar Augusta y Cascantum (...)".</ref> seu [[Octevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Octeva]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Hoctevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Otevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Oytevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> (His. et Cat. ''Utebo'' et Ara. ''Utevo'') | Non |- | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> (His. ''Ribera Baja del Ebro'', Ara. ''Ribera Baixa de l'Ebro'', Cat. ''Ribera Baixa de l'Ebre'') | [[Quintus (Caesaraugusta)|Quintus]]<ref name="Utebo"/> (His., Ara. et Cat. Quinto) | Non |- | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior">Vide [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Flora_34_0577-0591.pdf ''Flora nº 37''], ubi dicitur "(...) prope pagum Bera in Aragonia inferior (...) et Guerra in Aragonia inferiore (...) et alibi in Aragonia inferiore (...)".</ref><ref name="Caspe">Vide [https://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/medias/a9/d2/25/fd/a9d225fd-aad3-40d8-bec6-4dc7e9110d24/files/LOS_Ser_Inconf.pdf ''Flora nº 37''], ubi dicitur "(...) Circa Caspe (Haec planta rara in Catalaunua etiam provenit (...)".</ref> (His. ''Bajo Aragón-Caspe'', Ara. ''Baixo Aragón-Casp'', Cat. ''Baix Aragó-Casp'') | [[Caspe]]<ref name="Caspe"/> (His. ''Caspe'', et Ara. et Cat. ''Casp'') | Non |- | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> (His. ''Comunidad de Calatayud'', Ara. ''Comunidat de Calatayú'', Cat. ''Comunitat de Calataiud'') | [[Bilbilis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Augusta Bilbilis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Bilbilis Nova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Bambola]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Calataiuba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Calataiub]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Calataiube]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> (His. ''Calatayud'', Ara. ''Calatayú'', Cat. ''Calataiud'') | Non |- | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> (His. et Ara. ''Campo de Cariñena'', Ara. ''Campo de Carinyena'', Cat. ''Camp de Carinyena'') | [[Cariniana]]<ref name="Cariñena">Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cari%C3%B1ena#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur "(...) El topónimo Cariñena tiene su origen en la época romana. Plinio, procurador de la Hispania Tarraconense, llamó ''Carae'' a este poblado romano, y el sufijo ''-iniana'', formando ''Cariniana'', es característico de muchas fincas rústicas romanas (...)".</ref> seu [[Carae]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> seu [[Illiturgis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. et Ara. ''Cariñena'', Ara. et Cat. ''Carinyena'') | Non |- | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. ''Campo de Belchite'', et Ara. ¡¡Campo de Belchit'', et Cat. ''Camp de Belchite'') | [[Belia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Belchit]]<ref name="Gallur"/> (His. et Cat. ''Belchite'' Ara. ''Belchit'') | Non |- | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. et Ara. ''Campo de Daroca'', Cat. ''Camp de Daroca'') | [[Daroca]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Daroca'') | Non |- | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] (His., Ara. et Cat. ''Cinco Villas'') | [[Segia]]<ref name="Ejea">Vide [https://arqueologico.es/noticia/irulegui-se-relaciona-con-sekia-en-ejea-de-lo.html ''IRULEGUI se relaciona con SEKIA en Ejea de los Caballeros''], ubi dicitur "(...) La ciudad de Ejea de los Caballeros (Zaragoza) se cita en las fuentes romanas como SEGIA (...)".</ref> seu [[Exea (Quinque Villae)|Exea]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Exea (Quinque Villae)|Exea]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exeia (Quinque Villae)|Exeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exeya]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Esseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Eiseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Eçeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Seia (Quinque Villae)|Seia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Egeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> (His. ''Ejea de los Caballeros'', Ara. ''Exeya d'os Caballers'' et Cat. ''Eixea'') | Non |- | [[Iacetania]]<ref name="Iacetania">Vide [https://archive.org/stream/espaasagradath46fluoft/espaasagradath46fluoft_djvu.txt ''España sagrada''], ubi dicitur "(...) Supra Jacetaniam septentrionem versus habitant Gascones (...)".</ref> (His. ''La Jacetania'', Ara. ''A Chacetania'' et Cat. ''Jacetània'') | [[Iaca (Osca)|Iaca]]<ref name="Iaca">Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaca#Edad_Antigua commentationem de Iacā apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur "Iaca o Iacca —nombre antiguo de Jaca".</ref> seu [[Iacca (urbs)|Iacca]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> (His. et Cat. ''Jaca'' et Ara. ''Chaca'' seu ''Xaca'') | Ita |- | [[Fovea Oscae]] (His. ''Hoya de Huesca'', Ara. ''Plana de Uesca'', Cat. ''Foia d'Osca'') | [[Osca]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Aetosca]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Etosca]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Hosca]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Weschka]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |Ita |} == Provinciae municipia == [[Fasciculus:Zaragoza - Mapa municipal.svg|thumb|center|300px|Provinciae Caesaraugustanae municipiorum tabula.]] {| class="sortable wikitable" border="1" ! Municipium [[Latine]] ! Nomen Hispanicum ! Nomen Aragoniense ! Nomen Catalanicum ! [[Numerus incolarum]] (anno [[2022]])<ref>Vide [https://www.ine.es/jaxiT3/Datos.htm?t=2907#!tabs-tabla INE] (Hispanice).</ref> ! Area (km²) ! [[Spissitudo incolarum]]<ref>Vide [https://www.ign.es/web/ign/portal/rcc-nomenclator-nacional relationem Instituti Geographici Nationalis Hispaniae]</ref> (inc./km²) ! [[Altitudo]] ([[metrum|m]] super [[maris aequor]])<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111204174343/http://www.aragon.es/DepartamentosOrganismosPublicos/Organismos/InstitutoAragonesEstadistica/AreasTematicas/Territorio/ci.01_Datos_Geograficos.detalleDepartamento?channelSelected=0 Zonas altimétricas por rangos en Aragón y España, y altitud de los municipios de Aragón] (Hispanice).</ref> ! [[Commarca]]<ref name="Commarca"/> ! [[Iudicialis plaga]]<ref>Vide lemma "partido xudicial" apud ''Dicionario Galego-Latino Clásico e Moderno'', auctore Iosepho López Díaz.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130613002135/http://www.cgpe.es/provincia.aspx?idprovincia=50 Consejo General de Procuradores de España] (Hispanice).</ref> |- | [[Agones]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ahones]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Agon (Aragonia)|Agon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Agón'' | align="right" | ''Agón'' | align="right" | ''Agón'' | align="right" | 139 | align="right" | 18,52 | align="right" | 7,51 | align="right" | 313 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aguaron]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Aguarón'' | align="right" | ''Aguarón'' | align="right" | ''Aguarón'' | align="right" | 610 | align="right" | 36,62 | align="right" | 16,66 | align="right" | 649 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aguilon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Aguilón'' | align="right" | ''Aguilón'' | align="right" | ''Aguilón'' | align="right" | 244 | align="right" | 59,45 | align="right" | 4,10 | align="right" | 683 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aianzione]]<ref name="Bureta"/> seu [[Ainzon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Agancio]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Ainzón'' | align="right" | ''Ainzón'' | align="right" | ''Ainzón'' | align="right" | 1066 | align="right" | 40,46 | align="right" | 26,35 | align="right" | 429 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aladren]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Aladrén'' | align="right" | ''Aladrén'' | align="right" | ''Aladrén'' | align="right" | 59 | align="right" | 21,06 | align="right" | 2,80 | align="right" | 783 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alberite (Aragonia)|Alberite]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Alberit]]<ref name="Frescaron"/> | align="right" | ''Alberite de San Juan'' | align="right" | ''Alberit de Sant Chuan'' | align="right" | ''Alberit de Sant Joan'' | align="right" | 78 | align="right" | 11,23 | align="right" | 6,94 | align="right" | 376 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Albeta]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Albeta'' | align="right" | ''Albeta'' | align="right" | ''Albeta'' | align="right" | 144 | align="right" | 2,70 | align="right" | 53,26 | align="right" | 412 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alborge]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alborge'' | align="right" | ''Alborche'' | align="right" | ''Alborge'' | align="right" | 111 | align="right" | 4,84 | align="right" | 22,92 | align="right" | 156 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Alchala (Ripa Superior Hiberi)|Alchala Hiberi]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alcalá de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Alcalá d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Alcalà d'Ebre'' | align="right" | 239 | align="right" | 9,87 | align="right" | 24,21 | align="right" | 223 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Alchala (Turiaso et Mons Caunus)|Alchala Montis Cauni]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Alcalá de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Alcalá de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Alcalá de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 157 | align="right" | 13,76 | align="right" | 11,41 | align="right" | 766 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alconchel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alconchel de Ariza'' | align="right" | ''Alconchel de Fariza'' | align="right" | ''Alconchel de Ariza'' | align="right" | 80 | align="right" | 34,85 | align="right" | 2,30 | align="right" | 896 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Aldehuela (Caesaraugusta)|Aldehuela]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Tiestos]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Aldehuela de Liestos'' | align="right" | ''L'Aldeyuela de Tiestos'' | align="right" | ''Aldehuela de Liestos'' | align="right" | 52 | align="right" | 38,04 | align="right" | 1,37 | align="right" | 985 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Alfaiarin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Alfaxarin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Alfajarín'' | align="right" | ''Alfacharín'' | align="right" | ''Alfajarín'' | align="right" | 2434 | align="right" | 138,30 | align="right" | 17,60 | align="right" | 199 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Alfama (Aragonia)|Alfama]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alhama de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Alfama d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Alhama d'Aragó'' | align="right" | 964 | align="right" | 31,14 | align="right" | 30,96 | align="right" | 658 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Alfamen]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alfamén'' | align="right" | ''Alfamén'' | align="right" | ''Alfamén'' | align="right" | 1477 | align="right" | 101,94 | align="right" | 14,49 | align="right" | 447 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Alfarba]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Alarba'' | align="right" | ''Alfarba'' | align="right" | ''Alarba'' | align="right" | 104 | align="right" | 19,00 | align="right" | 5,47 | align="right" | 844 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Alfinden]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Alinden]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Allihnde]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''La Puebla de Alfindén'' | align="right" | ''La Pobla d'Alfindén'' | align="right" | ''La Puebla de Alfindén'' | align="right" | 6442 | align="right" | 17,03 | align="right" | 378,28 | align="right" | 197 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Alforque]] | align="right" | ''Alforque'' | align="right" | ''Alforc'' | align="right" | ''Alforc'' | align="right" | 64 | align="right" | 10,62 | align="right" | 6,03 | align="right" | 164 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Allabo]]<ref name="Allabo"/> seu [[Alabon]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Alabona]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Alavona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Allabona]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Alago]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Alagón'' | align="right" | ''Alagón'' | align="right" | ''Alagó'' | align="right" | 7178 | align="right" | 24,19 | align="right" | 296,72 | align="right" | 235 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Almochuel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Almochuel'' | align="right" | ''Almochuel'' | align="right" | ''Almochuel'' | align="right" | 22 | align="right" | 32,00 | align="right" | 0,69 | align="right" | 275 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Almolda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''La Almolda'' | align="right" | ''L'Almolda'' | align="right" | ''La Almolda'' | align="right" | 549 | align="right" | 131,33 | align="right" | 4,18 | align="right" | 491 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Almonezir (Campus Beliae)|Almonezir Campi Beliae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Almonecir (Campus Beliae)|Almonecir Campi Beliae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Almonacid de la Cuba'' | align="right" | ''Almonecir de la Cuba'' | align="right" | ''Almonecir de la Cuba'' | align="right" | 234 | align="right" | 55,22 | align="right" | 4,24 | align="right" | 448 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Almonezir (Vallis Salonis)|Almonezir Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Almonecir (Vallis Salonis)|Almonecir Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Almonacid de la Sierra'' | align="right" | ''Almonecir de la Sierra'' | align="right" | ''Almonecir de la Sierra'' | align="right" | 756 | align="right" | 53,94 | align="right" | 14,02 | align="right" | 598 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Alpartir]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Alpartir'' | align="right" | ''Alpartil'' | align="right" | ''Alpartir'' | align="right" | 602 | align="right" | 32,29 | align="right" | 18,64 | align="right" | 493 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Altea]]<ref name="Ego">Vide [https://cimballa.com/historia/ ''Historia''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ego, comes Raymundus Barcilonensis et princeps Aragone, concedo et otorgo istam cartam et istum forum et quidquid boni invenerint de his decem annis et do illis istos terminos de Vila Feliç ad Altea, a Cemballe, a Cubedo, a Cubillego, a Zafra, a Rodenas, a Sancta Maria, a Castiell Sauib, a Demuz, a Serreilla, ad Alpont, a la Cirab, a Tor Alba, a Montan, a Linares, a Rio de Martin, ad Vesa, a Fonte de Tossos, a Villa Nova, a Longares, a Cosuelda, a Codo, a Miedes, istas prenominatas cum suis terminis. (...)".</ref> seu [[Athea]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Atea'' | align="right" | ''Atea'' | align="right" | ''Atea'' | align="right" | 141 | align="right" | 34,67 | align="right" | 4,07 | align="right" | 842 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ambel (Caesaraugusta)|Ambel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ambelli]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Hambel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Ambel'' | align="right" | ''Ambel'' | align="right" | ''Ambel'' | align="right" | 253 | align="right" | 61,46 | align="right" | 4,12 | align="right" | 594 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Anento]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Anento'' | align="right" | ''Anento'' | align="right" | ''Anento'' | align="right" | 101 | align="right" | 21,52 | align="right" | 4,69 | align="right" | 923 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aninione]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Aninnon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Aninyon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Aniñón'' | align="right" | ''Aninyón'' | align="right" | ''Aniñón'' | align="right" | 659 | align="right" | 52,46 | align="right" | 12,56 | align="right" | 729 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Anyon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Añón de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Anyón de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Anyón de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 202 | align="right" | 64,35 | align="right" | 3,14 | align="right" | 836 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Aranda (municipium)|Aranda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Aranda de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Aranda de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Aranda de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 132 | align="right" | 91,20 | align="right" | 1,45 | align="right" | 907 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Arandega]]<ref name="Nolia"/><ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Frescaron"/> seu [[Arandiga]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Arandecha]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Arándiga'' | align="right" | ''Arandiga'' | align="right" | ''Arándiga'' | align="right" | 287 | align="right" | 50,22 | align="right" | 5,71 | align="right" | 491 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Arcobriga]]<ref name="Arcobriga">De hoc toponymo, vide [https://oppidaimperiiromani.blogspot.com/2008/09/arcobriga-monreal-de-ariza.html ''Oppida Imperii Romani''], ubi dicitur "(...) ARCOBRIGA (Monreal de Ariza) (...)"</ref> | align="right" | ''Monreal de Ariza'' | align="right" | ''Mont-reyal de Fariza'' | align="right" | ''Monreal de Ariza'' | align="right" | 193 | align="right" | 62,06 | align="right" | 3,11 | align="right" | 771 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Ardissa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ardisa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Ardisa'' | align="right" | ''Ardisa'' | align="right" | ''Ardisa'' | align="right" | 74 | align="right" | 27,28 | align="right" | 2,71 | align="right" | 433 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Arisa (Aragonia)|Arisa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Aricha]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Fariza]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Ariza'' | align="right" | ''Fariza'' | align="right" | ''Ariza'' | align="right" | 1045 | align="right" | 103,08 | align="right" | 10,14 | align="right" | 763 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Artieda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Arteda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Artyeda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Artieda'' | align="right" | ''Artieda'' seu ''Artieda d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Artieda'' | align="right" | 82 | align="right" | 13,57 | align="right" | 6,04 | align="right" | 652 | align="left" | [[Iacetania]]<ref name="Iacetania"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Asin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Asino]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Assin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Asín'' | align="right" | ''Asín'' | align="right" | ''Asín'' | align="right" | 104 | align="right" | 18,47 | align="right" | 5,63 | align="right" | 584 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Attacum]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Ateca]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Ateca'' | align="right" | ''Ateca'' | align="right" | ''Ateca'' | align="right" | 1690 | align="right" | 84,71 | align="right" | 19,95 | align="right" | 603 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Avanto]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Abanto'' | align="right" | ''Abanto'' | align="right" | ''Abanto'' | align="right" | 89 | align="right" | 63,84 | align="right" | 1,39 | align="right" | 922 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Azeret]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Acered'' | align="right" | ''Aceret'' | align="right" | ''Aceret'' | align="right" | 138 | align="right" | 30,40 | align="right" | 4,54 | align="right" | 835 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Azuara]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Zoara]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Azuara'' | align="right" | ''Azuara'' | align="right" | ''Azuara'' | align="right" | 539 | align="right" | 165,81 | align="right" | 3,25 | align="right" | 568 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Badules]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Badules'' | align="right" | ''Baduls'' | align="right" | ''Baduls'' | align="right" | 74 | align="right" | 20,09 | align="right" | 3,68 | align="right" | 919 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bagues]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Baguasse]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Bahues]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Baos]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Vagues]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Badaho]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Bagüés'' | align="right" | ''Bagüés'' | align="right" | ''Bagüés'' | align="right" | 15 | align="right" | 30,72 | align="right" | 0,49 | align="right" | 847 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Balsio]]<ref name="Balsio">Vide [https://tesauros.cultura.gob.es/tesauros/toponimiahistorica/1216369.html ''Término: Balsio'' apud ''Tesauros del Patrimonio Cultural de España''], ubi dicitur "(...) Ciudad de la Celtiberia* citada por Ptolomeo ("Geografía", II, 5) como "Belsinum". Para algunos autores está identificada con la "mansio" de las vías XXVIII y XXXII del "Itinerario de Antonino" (443) y "Ravennate" (310. 18), citada como "Balsione", "Belsionem", "Bellisone" y "Belisarium". El lugar parece reducirse a la actual población de Mallén (Zaragoza) (...) Según F. Villar, "Balsione" es el ablativo de un topónimo cuya forma en nominativo es "Balsio" (...)"</ref> seu [[Belsinum]] seu [[Belliso]] seu [[Belisarium]] seu [[Mallen]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Mallén'' | align="right" | ''Mallén'' | align="right" | ''Mallén'' | align="right" | 2937 | align="right" | 37,34 | align="right" | 78,66 | align="right" | 293 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Barboles]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Bárboles'' | align="right" | ''Bárbols'' | align="right" | ''Bárboles'' | align="right" | 297 | align="right" | 15,56 | align="right" | 19,09 | align="right" | 259 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Bardalur]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Bardala]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Vardallur]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Bardallur]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Bardallur'' | align="right" | ''Bardallur'' | align="right" | ''Bardallur'' | align="right" | 249 | align="right" | 27,35 | align="right" | 9,10 | align="right" | 276 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Batepalmae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Valpalmas'' | align="right" | ''Val Palmas'' | align="right" | ''Valpalmas'' | align="right" | 134 | align="right" | 39,79 | align="right" | 3,37 | align="right" | 493 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Belia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Belchit]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Belchite'' | align="right" | ''Belchit'' | align="right" | ''Belchite'' | align="right" | 1533 | align="right" | 275,54 | align="right" | 5,56 | align="right" | 447 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Bellus-Mons (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Bellus-Mons prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="Bellus-Mons">Vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/00/31/_ebook.pdf ''Baltasar Gracián''], ubi dicitur "(...) P. Balthasar Gracián, ut iam ab ortu emineret, in Bello-monte natus est prope Bilbilim (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Belmonte de Gracián'' | align="right" | ''Belmont de Gracián'' | align="right" | ''Belmonte de Gracián'' | align="right" | 183 | align="right" | 43,68 | align="right" | 4,19 | align="right" | 646 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Berdello]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III">Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bula_de_Lucio_III ''Bullam Lucii III''], ubi dicitur "Dilectis filiis presbiteris et clericis de Calatajub (...) ecclesias vestras de Calatajube, et de termino suo cum ómnibus pertinenciis suis, ecclesiam sáncte Marie medie ville, cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Andree cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Johannis de Vallupiel cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sáncte Marie cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Jacobi cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam Sancti Petri Serranorum cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Martini cum pertinenciis suis, ecclesiam sancti Salvatoris cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Petri Francorum cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam santi Torquati cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam sancti Dominici cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Miedes cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Castellon cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Marha cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Duron cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Villalba cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Sediles cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Rosca cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam d'Orera cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Viver cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Finoges cum pertinencis suis, Ecclesiam de Pyetas cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Marach cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Brea cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Savinian cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Paracollos cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Embit cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Viver cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Turealba cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Cervera cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam d'Aninione cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Villarubea cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Vadiello cum pertinenciis suis et de Forcaxo, Ecclesiam de Berdello cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Villosca cum pertinenciis earum, Ecclesiam de Turrillo cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Moros cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Monubles cum pertinencüs suis, Ecclesiam de Alfama cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Boverca cum perlinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Castellón cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Ateca cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Terrer cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Xarava cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam d'Ibdes cum pertinencüs suis, Ecclesiam de Cocos cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Petra cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Monterde cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Flumes cum perlinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Cenvalla cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Tiestos cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Cubel cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Pardos cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Avanto cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Monobrega cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Castellonciello cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Alfarba cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Azeret cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Athea cum pertinenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Montón cum pertinenciis suis (...)".</ref> seu [[Vergegium]]<ref name="Vergegium">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20170316205052/http://www.patrimonioculturaldearagon.es/bienes-culturales/castillo-de-berdejo ''Castillo de Berdejo''], ubi dicitur "(...) El castillo de Berdejo, Berdeio o Vergegium tuvo gran valor estratégico dada su situación fronteriza con Castilla (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Berdejo'' | align="right" | ''Verdello'' | align="right" | ''Berdejo'' | align="right" | 42 | align="right" | 19,39 | align="right" | 2,17 | align="right" | 982 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Beserun]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Beserim]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Beserimbre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Besinber]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Besimbre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Bisimbre'' | align="right" | ''Bisimbre'' | align="right" | ''Bisimbre'' | align="right" | 80 | align="right" | 11,22 | align="right" | 7,13 | align="right" | 320 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bilbilis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Augusta Bilbilis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Bilbilis Nova]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Bambola]]<ref name="Graesse"/> seu [[Calataiuba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Calataiub]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Calataiube]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Calatayud'' | align="right" | ''Calatayú'' | align="right" | ''Calataiud'' | align="right" | 19 776 | align="right" | 155,09 | align="right" | 127,51 | align="right" | 534 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Biota (Caesaraugusta)|Biota]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Botia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Viota]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Biota'' | align="right" | ''Biota'' | align="right" | ''Biota'' | align="right" | 874 | align="right" | 128,80 | align="right" | 6,79 | align="right" | 485 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Boquignenech]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares">Vide documentum [https://revistas.iea.es/index.php/ALZ/article/view/2986?utm_source=chatgpt.com ''Tres topónimos particulares: Boquiñeni, Grisén y Luceni'', auctore Marcellino Cortés Valenciano,] apud ''Alazet''.</ref> seu [[Bochinenec]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Boquignen]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Boquinenich]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Boquinyeneg]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Boquinnenech]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> | align="right" | ''Boquiñeni'' | align="right" | ''Boquinyeni'' seu ''Boquiñeni'' | align="right" | ''Boquiñeni'' | align="right" | 790 | align="right" | 18,87 | align="right" | 41,87 | align="right" | 227 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Bordalva]]<ref name="Bordalva">Vide [https://www.anubar.com/coltm/pdf/TM%2045%20Chronicon.pdf ''Chronicon''], ubi dicitur "(...) pro natione Aragoniae frater Petrus de Bordalva (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Bordalba'' | align="right" | ''Bordalba'' | align="right" | ''Bordalba'' | align="right" | 49 | align="right" | 41,58 | align="right" | 1,18 | align="right" | 943 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Boverca]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Bubierca'' | align="right" | | align="right" | | align="right" | 60 | align="right" | 29,54 | align="right" | 2,03 | align="right" | 647 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Brea (Aragonia)|Brea]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="Nolia"/> | align="right" | ''Brea de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Ebreya'' | align="right" | ''Brea de Aragón'' | align="right" | 1547 | align="right" | 13,38 | align="right" | 115,66 | align="right" | 553 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Bulbon]]<ref name="Bulbon">Vide [https://www.jaumeprimer.uji.es/cgi-bin/noticia.php?referencia=30052006 ''ARXIU VIRTUAL JAUME I''], ubi dicitur "(...) castrum et villam nostram de Bulbon (...) villam de Bolbon (...)".</ref> seu [[Bolbon]]<ref name="Bulbon"/> | align="right" | ''Bulbuente'' | align="right" | ''Bulbuent'' | align="right" | ''Bulbuente'' | align="right" | 244 | align="right" | 25,44 | align="right" | 9,59 | align="right" | 519 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Burgus Hiberi]]<ref>{{DuCange}}</ref><ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="right" | ''El Burgo de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Lo Burgo d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''El Burgo de Ebro'' | align="right" | 2591 | align="right" | 24,77 | align="right" | 104,59 | align="right" | 182 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Burialaroz]]<ref name="Burialaroz">Vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/39/46/ColeccionDocumentalBujaraloz,II.pdf ''Colleción Documental de Bujaraloz''], ubi dicitur "(...) Eadem die apud locum de burjalaroz (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Bujaraloz'' | align="right" | ''Burcharaloz'' | align="right" | ''Bujaraloz'' | align="right" | 1013 | align="right" | 120,92 | align="right" | 8,38 | align="right" | 327 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Burota]]<ref name="Bureta">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureta#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) filius Godofre de Burota (...) de Borota, de Aianzione, de Crocle, que in vivo Burge continentur (...)".</ref> seu [[Borota]]<ref name="Bureta"/> | align="right" | ''Bureta'' | align="right" | ''Bureta'' | align="right" | ''Bureta'' | align="right" | 213 | align="right" | 11,91 | align="right" | 17,88 | align="right" | 410 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bursao]]<ref name="Borsao"/> seu [[Burge]]<ref name="Bureta"/><ref name="Frescaron"/> | align="right" | ''Borja'' | align="right" | ''Borcha'' | align="right" | ''Borja'' | align="right" | 5054 | align="right" | 107,23 | align="right" | 47,13 | align="right" | 448 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Bust (Aragonia)|Bust]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''El Buste'' | align="right" | ''Lo Bust'' | align="right" | ''El Buste'' | align="right" | 71 | align="right" | 7,61 | align="right" | 9,33 | align="right" | 687 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cabolafuente]] | align="right" | ''Cabolafuente'' | align="right" | ''Cabrafuent'' | align="right" | ''Cabolafuente'' | align="right" | 49 | align="right" | 39,24 | align="right" | 1,25 | align="right" | 977 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Caesaraugusta]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Salduba (Aragonia)|Salduba]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Saragocia]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Saragossa]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> seu [[Sarakosza]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="right" | ''Zaragoza'' | align="right" | ''Zaragoza'' | align="right" | ''Saragossa'' | align="right" |673 010 | align="right" | 974,00 | align="right" | 690,98 | align="right" | 199 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Calatorau]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Calatorab]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Calaturab]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Calatorao'' | align="right" | ''Calatorau'' | align="right" | ''Calatorao'' | align="right" | 2882 | align="right" | 48,42 | align="right" | 59,52 | align="right" | 362 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Calcena]]<ref name="Frescaron"/><ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Calcena'' | align="right" | ''Calcena'' | align="right" | ''Calcena'' | align="right" | 74 | align="right" | 64,74 | align="right" | 1,14 | align="right" | 836 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Calmarza]] | align="right" | ''Calmarza'' | align="right" | ''Calmarza'' | align="right" | ''Calmarza'' | align="right" | 63 | align="right" | 28,16 | align="right" | 2,24 | align="right" | 839 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Campellus Aragoniae]] | align="right" | ''Campillo de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Campiello d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Campillo de Aragón'' | align="right" | 127 | align="right" | 36,89 | align="right" | 3,44 | align="right" | 1054 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Capannae Hiberi]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Hiberus"/><ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Cabañas de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Cabanyas d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Cabañas de Ebro'' | align="right" | 491 | align="right" | 8,55 | align="right" | 57,42 | align="right" | 222 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Caprerae]]<ref name="Toveto"/> seu [[Torralba (Campus Darocae)|Torralba prope Darocam]] | align="right" | ''Torralba de los Frailes'' | align="right" | ''Torralba de los Fraires'' | align="right" | ''Torralba de los Frailes'' | align="right" | 73 | align="right" | 59,22 | align="right" | 1,23 | align="right" | 1095 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Carenae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Carenas'' | align="right" | ''Carenas'' | align="right" | ''Carenas'' | align="right" | 178 | align="right" | 31,22 | align="right" | 5,70 | align="right" | 653 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Cariniana]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> seu [[Carae]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> seu [[Illiturgis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Cariñena'' | align="right" | ''Cariñena'' seu ''Carinyena'' | align="right" | ''Carinyena'' | align="right" | 3345 | align="right" | 82,51 | align="right" | 40,54 | align="right" | 591 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Caspe]]<ref name="Caspe"/> | align="right" | ''Caspe'' | align="right" | ''Casp'' | align="right" | ''Casp'' | align="right" | 10 220 | align="right" | 503,15 | align="right" | 20,31 | align="right" | 152 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Castellon Alfarbae]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Castillion (Aragonia)|Castillion]]<ref name="Castillion">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_d%27Alfarba#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) de Castillion Item a Martino Petri, canonico (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Castejón de Alarba'' | align="right" | ''Castellón d'Alfarba'' | align="right" | ''Castejón de Alarba'' | align="right" | 73 | align="right" | 17,56 | align="right" | 4,16 | align="right" | 917 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Castellum Ciscar]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castrossiscar]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castrossicarium]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castiliscar]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castellum Siscarium]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castelliscar]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Castiliscar'' | align="right" | ''Castiliscar'' | align="right" | ''Castiliscar'' | align="right" | 230 | align="right" | 40,68 | align="right" | 5,65 | align="right" | 493 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Castellum de Valleiasa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Castillon de Valdeiasa]]<ref name="Castillon de Valdeiasa">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_Val_de_Chasa#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) de omnibus terminis vestris de Barchaona usque Castillon de ValdeIasa (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Castejón de Valdejasa'' | align="right" | ''Castellón de Val de Chasa'' | align="right" | ''Castejón de Valdejasa'' | align="right" | 209 | align="right" | 110,12 | align="right" | 1,90 | align="right" | 521 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Castielpedres]]<ref name="Berrueco">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berrueco#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) concedo ecclesias de Langua et de Cebollada, ut eas semper canonice possideant; clericis Sanct Jacobi, concedo ecclesiam de Castielpedres, ut eam semper canonice possideant; clericis Sancti Martini de la Parra, (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Berrueco'' | align="right" | ''Berrueco'' | align="right" | ''Berrueco'' | align="right" | 32 | align="right" | 19,50 | align="right" | 1,64 | align="right" | 1098 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Castillio de Aretha]]<ref name="Castillio">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castell%C3%B3n_de_las_Armas#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) a vicaria ecclesie Castillionis de Aretha (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Castejón de las Armas'' | align="right" | ''Castellón de las Armas'' | align="right" | ''Castejón de las Armas'' | align="right" | 81 | align="right" | 16,19 | align="right" | 5,00 | align="right" | 609 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Çeida]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[La Zaida]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[La Zayda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[La Çayda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''La Zaida'' | align="right" | ''La Zaida'' | align="right" | ''La Zaida'' | align="right" | 435 | align="right" | 17,27 | align="right" | 25,19 | align="right" | 156 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Celsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | align="right" | ''Velilla de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Viliella d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Velilla de Ebro'' | align="right" | 200 | align="right" | 59,79 | align="right" | 3,35 | align="right" | 152 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Cenvalla]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Cemballe]]<ref name="Ego"/> seu [[Cinvalla]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ceballe]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Cimballa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Cimballa'' | align="right" | ''Cimballa'' | align="right" | ''Cimballa'' | align="right" | 86 | align="right" | 31,94 | align="right" | 2,69 | align="right" | 904 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Cervera (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Cervera prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Cervera de la Cañada'' | align="right" | ''Cervera de la Canyada'' seu ''Cervera de la Cañada'' | align="right" | ''Cervera de la Cañada'' | align="right" | 264 | align="right" | 29,22 | align="right" | 9,03 | align="right" | 703 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Cerveruela]]<ref name="Cerveruela">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerveruela#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Lo toponimo ''Cerveruela'' ye un diminutivo toponimico de ''Cervera'' forma como tamién se troba en textos medievals, en latín u aragonés (...) La forma con diminutivo toponimico se documenta ya latinizada como ''Corberola'' en lo texto de 1205 d'adchudicación de decimas y primicias de Remón de Castrocol (...)".</ref> seu [[Corberola]]<ref name="Cerveruela"/> | align="right" | ''Cerveruela'' | align="right" | ''Cerveruela'' seu ''Cervera de la Uerba'' | align="right" | ''Cerveruela'' | align="right" | 39 | align="right" | 23,49 | align="right" | 1,66 | align="right" | 816 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cetina (Caesaraugusta)|Cetina]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Cetina'' | align="right" | ''Cetina'' | align="right" | ''Cetina'' | align="right" | 570 | align="right" | 78,76 | align="right" | 7,24 | align="right" | 686 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Chiprana]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Xiprana]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Chiprana'' | align="right" | ''Chiprana'' | align="right" | ''Xiprana'' | align="right" | 515 | align="right" | 38,98 | align="right" | 13,21 | align="right" | 178 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Clarés de Ribota]] | align="right" | ''Clarés de Ribota'' | align="right" | ''Clarés de Ribota'' | align="right" | ''Clarés de Ribota'' | align="right" | 71 | align="right" | 18,70 | align="right" | 3,80 | align="right" | 943 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Codae]]<ref name="Codae">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodes commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Dono vobis Codas cum suo termino (...) illud castrum meum quod vocatur Chodas (...) ecclesiam de Jarava cum pertenenciis suis ecclesiam de Jodes cum pertenenciis suis (...)".</ref> seu [[Chodas]]<ref name="Codae"/> seu [[Jodes]]<ref name="Codae"/> | align="right" | ''Chodes'' | align="right" | ''Chodes'' | align="right" | ''Chodes'' | align="right" | 96 | align="right" | 15,96 | align="right" | 6,01 | align="right" | 410 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Codo (Campus Beliae)|Codo prope Beliam]] | align="right" | ''Codo'' | align="right" | ''Codo'' | align="right" | ''Codo'' | align="right" | 208 | align="right" | 11,36 | align="right" | 18,32 | align="right" | 342 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Codo (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Codo prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="Ego"/><ref name="Toveto"/> | align="right" | ''Codos'' | align="right" | ''Codos'' | align="right" | ''Codos'' | align="right" | 232 | align="right" | 62,69 | align="right" | 3,70 | align="right" | 751 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Contamina]] | align="right" | ''Contamina'' | align="right" | ''Contamina'' | align="right" | ''Contamina'' | align="right" | 31 | align="right" | 14,02 | align="right" | 2,21 | align="right" | 669 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Contrebia Belaisca]]<ref name="Contrebia Belaisca">Vide [https://web.archive.org/web/20250712231932/https://www.botorrita.es/contrebia-belaisca/ ''Ayuntamiento de Botorrita''], ubi dicitur "(...) Contrebia Belaisca fue una importante ciudad celtibérica situada en el término municipal de Botorrita, sobre el cerro conocido como “Cabezo de las Minas” (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Botorrita'' | align="right" | ''Botorrita'' | align="right" | ''Botorrita'' | align="right" | 526 | align="right" | 19,81 | align="right" | 26,55 | align="right" | 394 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Corlae]]<ref name="Corlae">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Cuerlas#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Hoc autem est divisio Sancte Marie habet Signa Torrillo, Covas, Corlas, Anento, Ferrerola, Tonda, Covas de Portelo Rubeo, Lechon, Montnegriellos, Villaalbiella, Forcallo, Tortolon, Baguena. (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Las Cuerlas'' | align="right" | ''Las Cuerlas'' | align="right" | ''Las Cuerlas'' | align="right" | 39 | align="right" | 32,58 | align="right" | 1,20 | align="right" | 1010 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cosuelda]]<ref name="Ego"/> seu [[Cosuenda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Cossuenda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Consenda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Consuelda]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Cosuenda'' | align="right" | ''Cosuenda'' | align="right" | ''Cosuenda'' | align="right" | 326 | align="right" | 31,68 | align="right" | 10,29 | align="right" | 616 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Cubel]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Cubedo]]<ref name="Ego"/> | align="right" | ''Cubel'' | align="right" | ''Cubel'' | align="right" | ''Cubel'' | align="right" | 153 | align="right" | 58,62 | align="right" | 2,61 | align="right" | 1108 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Daroca]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Daroca'' | align="right" | ''Daroca'' | align="right" | ''Daroca'' | align="right" | 1921 | align="right" | 52,05 | align="right" | 36,91 | align="right" | 776 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ebellanum (Caesaraugusta)|Ebellanum]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Biel (Caesaraugusta)|Biel]]<ref name="Moriello"/> | align="right" | ''Biel'' | align="right" | ''Biel'' | align="right" | ''Biel'' | align="right" | 170 | align="right" | 130,73 | align="right" | 1,30 | align="right" | 760 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Embit de Fariza]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="Embit">Vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/03/99/_ebook.pdf ''Collección diplomática de la Almunia de Doña Godina''].</ref> | align="right" | ''Embid de Ariza'' | align="right" | ''Embit de Fariza'' | align="right" | ''Embid de Ariza'' | align="right" | 31 | align="right" | 41,26 | align="right" | 0,75 | align="right" | 766 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Erla]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Erla'' | align="right" | ''Erla'' | align="right" | ''Erla'' | align="right" | 360 | align="right" | 18,96 | align="right" | 18,99 | align="right" | 425 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Exaulin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Iaulin]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Jaulín'' | align="right" | ''Exaulín'' seu ''Xaulín'' | align="right" | ''Jaulín'' | align="right" | 278 | align="right" | 46,05 | align="right" | 6,04 | align="right" | 508 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Excelsa]]<ref name="Excelsa">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exelsa#Historia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) castri et villa de Exelsa (...) dedit et permutavit com omnibus terminis et pertenenciis suis pro predicto castro et villa de Excelsa (...)".</ref> seu [[Exelsa]]<ref name="Excelsa"/> | align="right" | ''Gelsa'' | align="right" | ''Exelsa'' seu ''Xelsa'' | align="right" | ''Gelsa'' | align="right" | 1007 | align="right" | 72,04 | align="right" | 13,98 | align="right" | 152 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Fabara (Caesaraugusta)|Fabara]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Favara (Caesaraugusta)|Favara]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Fabara'' | align="right" | ''Favara'' | align="right" | ''Favara de Matarranya'' | align="right" | 1088 | align="right" | 101,74 | align="right" | 10,69 | align="right" | 244 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Farlete]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Farlet]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Farleto]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Farlete'' | align="right" | ''Farlet'' | align="right" | ''Farlete'' | align="right" | 376 | align="right" | 104,12 | align="right" | 3,61 | align="right" | 413 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Fayo]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Alfaio]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Fayone]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Fayón'' | align="right" | ''Fayón'' | align="right" | ''Faió'' | align="right" | 397 | align="right" | 67,19 | align="right" | 5,91 | align="right" | 190 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Ferrera (Caesaraugusta)|Ferrera]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Herrera de los Navarros'' | align="right" | ''Ferrera de los Navarros'' | align="right" | ''Herrera de los Navarros'' | align="right" | 523 | align="right" | 105,01 | align="right" | 4,98 | align="right" | 809 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Ficcarolae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Figueruelae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Figueruelas'' | align="right" | ''Figueruelas'' | align="right" | ''Figueruelas'' | align="right" | 1226 | align="right" | 16,87 | align="right" | 72,67 | align="right" | 252 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Fons Bona (Caesaraugusta)|Fons Bona]] | align="right" | ''Fombuena'' | align="right" | ''Fuent Buena'' | align="right" | ''Fombuena'' | align="right" | 59 | align="right" | 26,37 | align="right" | 2,24 | align="right" | 1024 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fons Exalon]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Fuendejalón'' | align="right" | ''Fuent de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Fuendejalón'' | align="right" | 763 | align="right" | 75,83 | align="right" | 10,06 | align="right" | 472 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fontes de Calataiub]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Fuentes de Jiloca'' | align="right" | ''Fuents de Xiloca'' | align="right" | ''Fuentes de Jiloca'' | align="right" | 208 | align="right" | 27,35 | align="right" | 7,60 | align="right" | 700 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fontes Hiberi]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="right" | ''Fuentes de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Fuents d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Fuentes de Ebro'' | align="right" | 4613 | align="right" | 141,17 | align="right" | 32,68 | align="right" | 196 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Forcaxo]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Forcallo]]<ref name="Corlae"/> seu [[Forcaro]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Forcaio]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Orcajo'' | align="right" | ''Forcallo'' | align="right" | ''Orcajo'' | align="right" | 57 | align="right" | 28,45 | align="right" | 2,00 | align="right" | 927 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fraxinus (Caesaraugusta)|Fraxinus]]<ref name="Fraxinus">Vide [https://oszerrigueltaires.wordpress.com/2008/05/14/15-el-frasno/ ''Os Zerrigüeltaires''], ubi dicitur "(...) El Frasno (del latín FRAXINUS = “fraxino”, “fraxín”, “frechín” “fresno”) es una localidad de la provincia de Zaragoza (...)".</ref> seu [[Frascanum]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''El Frasno'' | align="right" | ''El Fraixno'' | align="right" | ''El Frasno'' | align="right" | 379 | align="right" | 48,64 | align="right" | 7,79 | align="right" | 681 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Frescaron]]<ref name="Frescaron">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureta#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) ecclesias de Noveles, de Razacol, de Crots, de Meslie, de Frescaron, de Magalon, de Alberit, de Borota, de Aianzione, de Crocle, que in vivo Burge continentur, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis; ecclesias de Purillosa, de Calcena, de Terga, de Aranda, de Siarga, et de Arandega, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Fréscano'' | align="right" | ''Frescano'' | align="right" | ''Fréscano'' | align="right" | 204 | align="right" | 18,41 | align="right" | 11,08 | align="right" | 302 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Fuent de Todos]]<ref name="Rationes">[http://books.google.es/books?id=ZGlpAAAAIAAJ&q=amonezir+%22rationes+decimarum%22&dq=amonezir+%22rationes+decimarum%22&hl=es&sa=X&ei=hdDWUZdbhZDsBvPigNAH&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAA ''Rationes decimarum Hispaniae (1279-80): Aragón y Navarra''].</ref> | align="right" | ''Fuendetodos'' | align="right" | ''Fuent de Todos'' | align="right" | ''Fuendetodos'' | align="right" | 144 | align="right" | 62,20 | align="right" | 2,32 | align="right" | 750 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Gallocanta]]<ref name="Gallocanta">Vide [[binomen|epitheton binominale]] casu genetivo "gallocantae", v. gr. apud https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8c/Bolet%C3%ADn_de_la_Sociedad_Espa%C3%B1ola_de_Historia_Natural_%28IA_boletndelasoci11soci%29.pdf ''Boletín de la Sociedad Española de Historia Natural''].</ref> | align="right" | ''Gallocanta'' | align="right" | ''Gallocanta'' | align="right" | ''Gallocanta'' | align="right" | 120 | align="right" | 29,71 | align="right" | 4,04 | align="right" | 1011 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Gallur]]<ref name="Gallur">De hoc toponymo, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Epistolae_et_privilegia_(Eugenius_III)/6 ''Epistolae et privilegia (Eugenius III)/6' apud ''Vicifontem''].</ref> seu [[Pagus Gallorum]]<ref name="Pagus Gallorum">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallur#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) En lo termin municipal de Gallur se trobó un bronce que feba mención de la celebración d'uns chuegos en un pago de los galos, PAGUS GALLŌRUM (...)".</ref> seu [[Galur]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> | align="right" | ''Gallur'' | align="right" | ''Gallur'' | align="right" | ''Gallur'' | align="right" | 2563 | align="right" | 41,72 | align="right" | 61,43 | align="right" | 254 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Gatha (Aragonia)|Gatha]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Illa Gatha]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Illa Gata]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Lagata'' | align="right" | ''Lagata'' | align="right" | ''Lagata'' | align="right" | 109 | align="right" | 23,65 | align="right" | 4,61 | align="right" | 518 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Gordolo]]<ref name="Gordolo">De hoc toponymo, vide [https://ifc.dpz.es/recursos/publicaciones/35/56/_ebook.pdf ''IX Encuentro de Estudios Bilbilitanos''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''"Caesaraugusta teneat de Deniva usque Spalanam, de Ribas montes usque Gordolo”''. El único topónimo que parecemos conocer es de Gordolo o Godolo, que algunos autores han traducido por Godol o Gordoto y que se ha identificado con Godojos (...) ''montes usque Gordoto, o (según otras leyendas) Godol'' (...)".</ref> seu [[Gordoto]]<ref name="Gordolo"/> seu [[Godol]]<ref name="Gordolo"/> | align="right" | ''Godojos'' | align="right" | ''Godollo'' | align="right" | ''Godojos'' | align="right" | 49 | align="right" | 16,77 | align="right" | 2,92 | align="right" | 787 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Gotor]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Gotor'' | align="right" | ''Gotor'' | align="right" | ''Gotor'' | align="right" | 290 | align="right" | 15,52 | align="right" | 18,69 | align="right" | 608 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Grisel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Grisel'' | align="right" | ''Grisel'' | align="right" | ''Grisel'' | align="right" | 82 | align="right" | 14,51 | align="right" | 5,65 | align="right" | 825 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Grisen]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Grisenich]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Grisenec]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Grisenech]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> | align="right" | ''Grisén'' | align="right" | ''Grisén'' | align="right" | ''Grisén'' | align="right" | 623 | align="right" | 4,89 | align="right" | 127,49 | align="right" | 244 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Ibdes]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Ibdes'' | align="right" | ''Ibdes'' | align="right" | ''Ibdes'' | align="right" | 384 | align="right" | 56,31 | align="right" | 6,82 | align="right" | 743 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Illicata]]<ref name="Illueca"/> seu [[Illoca]]<ref name="Illueca"/> seu [[Illueca]]<ref name="Nolia"/> | align="right" | ''Illueca'' | align="right" | ''Illueca'' | align="right" | ''Illueca'' | align="right" | 2746 | align="right" | 24,86 | align="right" | 110,46 | align="right" | 599 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Illud Fragum]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''El Frago'' | align="right" | ''O Frago'' | align="right" | ''El Frago'' | align="right" | 117 | align="right" | 33,76 | align="right" | 3,47 | align="right" | 629 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Isorre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Isuarre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Issuarre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Isuor]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ysorr]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ysuerri]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Ysuerre]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Isuerre'' | align="right" | ''Isuerre'' | align="right" | ''Isuerre'' | align="right" | 33 | align="right" | 20,05 | align="right" | 1,65 | align="right" | 661 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Langua]]<ref name="Berrueco"/> seu [[Langa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Langa del Castillo'' | align="right" | ''Langa'' | align="right" | ''Langa del Castillo'' | align="right" | 115 | align="right" | 50,13 | align="right" | 2,29 | align="right" | 870 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lassira]]<ref name="Lassira">Vide [https://www.turismodezaragoza.es/es/provincia/patrimonio-provincia/yacimientos-patrimonio-provincia/lassira-lecera.html ''Lassira en Lécera], ubi dicitur "(...) Los restos del poblado iberio romano de Lassira se encuentra en un cerro situado a un kilómetro del casco urbano de Lécera (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Lécera'' | align="right" | ''Lecera'' | align="right" | ''Lécera'' | align="right" | 634 | align="right" | 109,20 | align="right" | 5,81 | align="right" | 530 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[La Viluenya]] seu [[La Viñuela]] | align="right" | ''La Vilueña'' | align="right" | ''La Viluenya'' seu ''La Vilueña'' | align="right" | ''La Vilueña'' | align="right" | 65 | align="right" | 8,59 | align="right" | 7,57 | align="right" | 700 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Layana]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Layana'' | align="right" | ''Layana'' | align="right" | ''Layana'' | align="right" | 96 | align="right" | 3,69 | align="right" | 26,01 | align="right" | 486 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Lechon]]<ref name="Corlae"/> | align="right" | ''Lechón'' | align="right" | ''Lechón'' | align="right" | ''Lechón'' | align="right" | 47 | align="right" | 17,46 | align="right" | 2,69 | align="right" | 985 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lecina Curva]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Encinacorva]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Enzinacorba]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Encinacorba'' | align="right" | ''Lecinacorba'' | align="right" | ''Encinacorba'' | align="right" | 185 | align="right" | 36,74 | align="right" | 5,04 | align="right" | 762 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Leçinella]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Lezinyena]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Leciñena'' | align="right" | ''Lecinyena'' seu ''Leciñena'' | align="right" | ''Leciñena'' | align="right" | 1116 | align="right" | 178,64 | align="right" | 6,25 | align="right" | 415 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Leitago]]<ref name="Litago">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litago#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Donatio seu infendatio oppidi de Leitago cuidam nobili (...) castrum et villam de Leitaco cum ómnibus introitibus et exitibus (...)".</ref> seu [[Leitaco]]<ref name="Litago"/> | align="right" | ''Litago'' | align="right" | ''Litago'' | align="right" | ''Litago'' | align="right" | 194 | align="right" | 15,30 | align="right" | 12,68 | align="right" | 781 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Leituenigo]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Leituenego]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Leitanego]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Leytonego]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Leytuenyego]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Leytuennigo]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Lituénigo'' | align="right" | ''Lituenigo'' | align="right" | ''Lituénigo'' | align="right" | 121 | align="right" | 11,38 | align="right" | 10,63 | align="right" | 756 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Letux]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Letuix]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Letux'' | align="right" | ''Letuix'' | align="right" | ''Letux'' | align="right" | 337 | align="right" | 30,15 | align="right" | 11,18 | align="right" | 515 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Loncae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Longae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Longás'' | align="right" | ''Longars'' | align="right" | ''Longás'' | align="right" | 42 | align="right" | 49,23 | align="right" | 0,85 | align="right" | 755 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Longares]]<ref name="Ego"/> seu [[Longars]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Longares'' | align="right" | ''Longars'' | align="right" | ''Longares'' | align="right" | 882 | align="right" | 45,96 | align="right" | 19,19 | align="right" | 531 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Los Fayos]] | align="right" | ''Los Fayos'' | align="right" | ''Los Fayos'' | align="right" | ''Los Fayos'' | align="right" | 131 | align="right" | 3,88 | align="right" | 33,72 | align="right" | 569 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Lucena Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Lucena de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Lucena de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Lucena de Jalón'' | align="right" | 226 | align="right" | 10,31 | align="right" | 21,92 | align="right" | 334 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Luesia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/><ref name="Moriello"/> seu [[Lusia (Caesaraugusta)|Lusia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Lussia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Luisa (Caesaraugusta)|Luisa]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Luessia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Lusca (Caesaraugusta)|Lusca]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Luesia'' | align="right" | ''Luesia'' | align="right" | ''Luesia'' | align="right" | 333 | align="right" | 126,83 | align="right" | 2,63 | align="right" | 810 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Lumpiach]]<ref name="Lumpiach">Vide [https://www.academia.edu ''Diplomatario del Apellido Arenós''], ubi dicitur "(...) Lumpiach, quem vos tenetis (...)".</ref> seu [[Lompiach]]<ref name="Lompiach">Vide [https://www.anubar.com/coltm/pdf/TM%2097%20Documentos%20del%20Monasterio%20de%20Santa%20Maria%20de%20Veruela%20IV.pdf ''Documentos del Monasterio de Santa María de Veruela''], ubi dicitur "(...) procuratores domini loci de Lompiach (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Lumpiaque'' | align="right" | ''Lumpiac'' | align="right" | ''Lumpiaque'' | align="right" | 841 | align="right" | 29,55 | align="right" | 28,46 | align="right" | 310 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Luna (Caesaraugusta)|Luna]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Luna'' | align="right" | ''Luna'' | align="right" | ''Luna'' | align="right" | 694 | align="right" | 308,92 | align="right" | 2,25 | align="right" | 477 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Luparia (Caesaraugusta)|Luparia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Lobera (Caesaraugusta)|Lobera]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Lopera (Caesaraugusta)|Lopera]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Lobera de Onsella'' | align="right" | ''Lobera d'Onsella'' | align="right" | ''Lobera d'Onsella'' | align="right" | 26 | align="right" | 32,18 | align="right" | 0,81 | align="right" | 672 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Lurceniç]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Lurcenich]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> seu [[Lurcenic]]<ref name="Tres topónimos particulares"/> | align="right" | ''Luceni'' | align="right" | ''Luceni'' | align="right" | ''Luceni'' | align="right" | 973 | align="right" | 27,11 | align="right" | 35,88 | align="right" | 224 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Luxiena]]<ref name="Luxiena">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lueixma#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Item pro primitia de Luxiena 8 / Item pro primitia de Retuerta vel Vista bella (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Luesma'' | align="right" | ''Lueixma'' | align="right" | ''Luesma'' | align="right" | 38 | align="right" | 29,40 | align="right" | 1,29 | align="right" | 943 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Maella]]<ref name="Maella">De hoc toponymo, vide [https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/Regesta_sive_epistolae_1/IIA ''Regesta sive epistolae 1/IIA'' apud ''Vicifontem''], ubi dicitur "commarcarum colligens. . . . De commarca vero . . . in commarcam."</ref> seu [[Meiella]]<ref name="Rationes"/> | align="right" | ''Maella'' | align="right" | ''Maella'' | align="right" | ''Maella'' | align="right" | 2097 | align="right" | 174,78 | align="right" | 12,00 | align="right" | 304 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Magalo]]<ref name="Gallur"/> seu [[Magalon]]<ref name="Frescaron"/> | align="right" | ''Magallón'' | align="right" | ''Magallón'' | align="right" | ''Magallón'' | align="right" | 1118 | align="right" | 78,61 | align="right" | 14,22 | align="right" | 419 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Mainar]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mainar'' | align="right" | ''Mainar'' | align="right" | ''Mainar'' | align="right" | 170 | align="right" | 34,02 | align="right" | 5,00 | align="right" | 866 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malanquilla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Malanquilla'' | align="right" | ''Malanquiella'' | align="right" | ''Malanquilla'' | align="right" | 90 | align="right" | 36,63 | align="right" | 2,46 | align="right" | 1050 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Malaxan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Malexan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Malessan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Maleján'' | align="right" | ''Maleixán'' | align="right" | ''Maleján'' | align="right" | 262 | align="right" | 0,08 | align="right" | 3443,88 | align="right" | 472 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Malon]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Malón'' | align="right" | ''Malón'' | align="right" | ''Malón'' | align="right" | 392 | align="right" | 5,66 | align="right" | 69,27 | align="right" | 430 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Maluenda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Malonda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Maluenda'' | align="right" | ''Maluenda'' | align="right" | ''Maluenda'' | align="right" | 905 | align="right" | 40,09 | align="right" | 22,57 | align="right" | 581 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Manchones]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Manxones]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Mangones]]<ref name="Rationes"/> | align="right" | ''Manchones'' | align="right" | ''Manchons'' | align="right" | ''Manchones'' | align="right" | 103 | align="right" | 26,83 | align="right" | 3,84 | align="right" | 726 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Marha]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Marach]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Mara'' | align="right" | ''Mara'' | align="right" | ''Mara'' | align="right" | 168 | align="right" | 21,09 | align="right" | 7,97 | align="right" | 688 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Maria (Orba)|Maria Orbae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''María de Huerva'' | align="right" | ''María de la Uerba'' | align="right" | ''''María de Huerva'''' | align="right" | 6168 | align="right" | 108,10 | align="right" | 57,06 | align="right" | 343 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Marraci]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Montemaior]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Gallicolis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Castrum Marracum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Marraqui]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Marracos'' | align="right" | ''Marracos'' | align="right" | ''Marracos'' | align="right" | 91 | align="right" | 17,00 | align="right" | 5,35 | align="right" | 416 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Masones]]<ref name="Rationes"/><ref name="Nolia"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Mesones]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mesones de Isuela'' | align="right" | ''Mesons d'Isuela'' | align="right" | ''Mesones de Isuela'' | align="right" | 272 | align="right" | 48,55 | align="right" | 5,60 | align="right" | 513 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Mediana (Aragonia)|Mediana]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Medianum (Aragonia)|Medianum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mediana de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Mediana d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Mediana de Aragón'' | align="right" | 457 | align="right" | 90,57 | align="right" | 5,05 | align="right" | 289 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Mezalocha]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Mezloffa]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Moçelofa]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Mozelofa]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mezalocha'' | align="right" | ''Mezalocha'' | align="right" | ''Mezalocha'' | align="right" | 232 | align="right" | 60,64 | align="right" | 3,83 | align="right" | 484 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Mianus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Miani]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mianos'' | align="right" | ''Mians'' | align="right" | ''Mianos'' | align="right" | 28 | align="right" | 14,82 | align="right" | 1,89 | align="right" | 692 | align="left" | [[Iacetania]]<ref name="Iacetania"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Miedes]]<ref name="Ego"/><ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Miedae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Myedae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Miedes de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Miedes d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Miedes de Aragón'' | align="right" | 424 | align="right" | 55,38 | align="right" | 7,66 | align="right" | 758 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Moçota]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Mozota'' | align="right" | ''Mozota'' | align="right" | ''Mozota'' | align="right" | 123 | align="right" | 8,68 | align="right" | 14,17 | align="right" | 396 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Mola de Garrapiniellos]]<ref name="Mola de Garrapiniellos">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Muela#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) et aliis populatoribus illius Molae de Garrapiniellos (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''La Muela'' | align="right" | ''La Muela'' | align="right" | ''La Muela'' | align="right" | 6247 | align="right" | 143,49 | align="right" | 43,54 | align="right" | 597 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Monegrillo]] | align="right" | ''Monegrillo'' | align="right" | ''Monegriello'' | align="right" | ''Monegrillo'' | align="right" | 393 | align="right" | 183,16 | align="right" | 2,15 | align="right" | 432 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Moneva]] | align="right" | ''Moneva'' | align="right" | ''Moneva'' | align="right" | ''Moneva'' | align="right" | 115 | align="right" | 61,40 | align="right" | 1,87 | align="right" | 659 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Monobrega]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Monobriga]]<ref name="Hofmann"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Monebrega]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Munebrega]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Munuebrega]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Munébrega'' | align="right" | ''Munebrega'' | align="right" | ''Munébrega'' | align="right" | 356 | align="right" | 40,99 | align="right" | 8,68 | align="right" | 749 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Mons Luna]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Mons Mayor]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Sierra de Luna'' | align="right" | ''Sierra de Luna'' | align="right" | ''Sierra de Luna'' | align="right" | 281 | align="right" | 43,39 | align="right" | 6,48 | align="right" | 460 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Monterde]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Monterde'' | align="right" | ''Monterd'' | align="right" | ''Monterde'' | align="right" | 133 | align="right" | 55,94 | align="right" | 2,38 | align="right" | 790 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Monton]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Montón'' | align="right" | ''Montón'' | align="right" | ''Montón'' | align="right" | 86 | align="right" | 17,59 | align="right" | 4,89 | align="right" | 693 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Morata de Xiloca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Xiloca"/> | align="right" | ''Morata de Jiloca'' | align="right" | ''Morata de Xiloca'' | align="right" | ''Morata de Jiloca'' | align="right" | 250 | align="right" | 23,09 | align="right" | 10,83 | align="right" | 619 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Morata (Salo)|Morata Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Morata de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Morata de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Morata de Jalón'' | align="right" | 1101 | align="right" | 45,85 | align="right" | 24,02 | align="right" | 415 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Mores (Caesaraugusta)|Mores]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Morés'' | align="right" | ''Morés'' | align="right" | ''Morés'' | align="right" | 332 | align="right" | 21,46 | align="right" | 15,47 | align="right" | 443 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Mori (Caesaraugusta)|Mori]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Moros (Caesaraugusta)|Moros]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Moros'' | align="right" | ''Moros'' | align="right" | ''Moros'' | align="right" | 299 | align="right" | 53,50 | align="right" | 5,59 | align="right" | 741 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Moyuela]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Moyuela'' | align="right" | ''Moyuela'' | align="right" | ''Moyuela'' | align="right" | 251 | align="right" | 42,76 | align="right" | 5,87 | align="right" | 741 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Muel (Caesaraugusta)|Muel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Molle (Caesaraugusta)|Molle]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Mulloh]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Muel'' | align="right" | ''Muel'' | align="right" | ''Muel'' | align="right" | 1479 | align="right" | 79,17 | align="right" | 18,68 | align="right" | 424 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Murero]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Murero'' | align="right" | ''Murero'' | align="right" | ''Murero'' | align="right" | 104 | align="right" | 18,25 | align="right" | 5,70 | align="right" | 708 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Muriellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Murelus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Muruellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Murellus (Caesaraugusta)|Murellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Murilus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Morellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Moriellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Moriello">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morillo_de_Galligo#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) et de Sos, et de Luesia, et de Biel, et de Agüero, et de Moriello (...)".</ref> seu [[Morel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Morelu]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Morelus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Murillo de Gállego'' | align="right" | ''Morillo de Galligo'' seu ''Moriello de Galligo'' | align="right" | ''Morillo de Galligo'' seu ''Moriello de Galligo'' | align="right" | 197 | align="right" | 54,71 | align="right" | 3,60 | align="right" | 543 | align="left" | [[Fovea Oscae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Navardun]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nabardun]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Navardún'' | align="right" | ''Navardún'' | align="right" | ''Navardún'' | align="right" | 35 | align="right" | 24,50 | align="right" | 1,43 | align="right" | 495 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Nertobriga]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Almunia Domnae Godinae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''La Almunia de Doña Godina'' | align="right" | ''L'Almunia de Donya Godina'' | align="right" | ''L'Almunia de Donya Godina'' | align="right" | 7943 | align="right" | 56,72 | align="right" | 140,05 | align="right" | 366 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Noç]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nuez]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Nuez de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Nuez d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Nuez de Ebro'' | align="right" | 889 | align="right" | 7,86 | align="right" | 113,09 | align="right" | 181 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Nolia]]<ref name="Nolia">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuella#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) filius Godofre de Burota (...) ecclesiam de Nolia et de Masones et de Terga et de Trasovars et de Brea (...) Item pro primicia de Arandega / Nuelia et Masones / Item pro primicia de Illueca (...)".</ref><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Niguella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nuelia]]<ref name="Nolia"/><ref name="Rationes"/> | align="right" | ''Nigüella'' | align="right" | ''Nuella'' | align="right" | ''Nigüella'' | align="right" | 59 | align="right" | 30,42 | align="right" | 1,94 | align="right" | 491 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Nominevilla]]<ref name="Nominevilla">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nombrevilla#Toponimia commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Ambas Nominevillas'' (...) que per homines locorum de Valldeforna, Villanueva et Nombrevilla la Mayor excolluntur (...)".</ref> seu [[Nombrevilla]]<ref name="Nominevilla"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Nombrevilla'' | align="right" | ''Nombrevilla'' | align="right" | ''Nombrevilla'' | align="right" | 35 | align="right" | 17,56 | align="right" | 1,99 | align="right" | 908 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Nonaspe]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nonasp]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Nonaspe'' | align="right" | ''Nonasp'' | align="right" | ''Nonasp'' | align="right" | 1011 | align="right" | 111,54 | align="right" | 9,06 | align="right" | 177 | align="left" | [[Aragonia Inferior-Caspe]]<ref name="Aragonia Inferior"/><ref name="Caspe"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Novali]]<ref name="Rationes"/> seu [[Novales]]<ref name="Rationes"/> seu [[Novalos]]<ref name="Rationes"/> | align="right" | ''Nuévalos'' | align="right" | ''Nuévalos'' | align="right" | ''Nuévalos'' | align="right" | 279 | align="right" | 41,84 | align="right" | 6,67 | align="right" | 710 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Novallae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novalla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nowalga]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novalga]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novella (Caesaraugusta)|Novella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novellae (Turiaso et Mons Caunus)|Novellae prope Turiasonem]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novaliae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Noballae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Novallas'' | align="right" | ''Novallas'' | align="right" | ''Novallas'' | align="right" | 845 | align="right" | 11,40 | align="right" | 74,12 | align="right" | 427 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Noveles]]<ref name="Frescaron"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novellae (Campus Bursaonis)|Novellae prope Bursaonem]]<ref name="Gallur"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nobellae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Novillae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Nobillae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Novillas'' | align="right" | ''Noviellas'' | align="right" | ''Novillas'' | align="right" | 514 | align="right" | 25,34 | align="right" | 20,28 | align="right" | 239 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Octavus (Caesaraugusta)|Octavus]]<ref name="Utebo"/> seu [[Octevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Octeva]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Hoctevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Otevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Oytevum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Utebo'' | align="right" | ''Utevo'' | align="right" | ''Utebo'' | align="right" | 18 881 | align="right" | 17,72 | align="right" | 1065,44 | align="right" | 207 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Octogesa]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Mequinença]] seu [[Miquineza]] seu [[Mechinenza]] seu [[Michinenza]] seu [[Michineza]] seu [[Michinentia]] seu [[Mekineça]] seu [[Miqneza]] seu [[Miknesa]] seu [[Mequinenza]] seu [[Michenza]] seu [[Michinença]] seu [[Miquinença]] | align="right" | ''Mequinenza'' | align="right" | ''Mequinenza'' | align="right" | ''Mequinensa'' | align="right" | 2294 | align="right" | 307,63 | align="right" | 7,46 | align="right" | 80 | align="left" | [[Bajo Cinca]] | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Olvés]] | align="right" | ''Olvés'' | align="right" | ''Olvés'' | align="right" | ''Olvés'' | align="right" | 110 | align="right" | 20,18 | align="right" | 5,45 | align="right" | 807 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Orera]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Durera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Orera'' | align="right" | ''Orera'' | align="right" | ''Orera'' | align="right" | 116 | align="right" | 19,82 | align="right" | 5,85 | align="right" | 736 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Ores]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Orez]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Orast]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Orés'' | align="right" | ''Orés'' | align="right" | ''Orés'' | align="right" | 95 | align="right" | 50,93 | align="right" | 1,87 | align="right" | 647 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Osella]] seu [[Oseja]] | align="right" | ''Oseja'' | align="right" | ''Osella'' | align="right" | ''Oseja'' | align="right" | 52 | align="right" | 12,50 | align="right" | 4,16 | align="right" | 827 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Osicerda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Osigerda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> seu [[Ossigerda]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Osera de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Osera d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Osera de Ebro'' | align="right" | 413 | align="right" | 24,60 | align="right" | 16,79 | align="right" | 173 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Paniza]] | align="right" | ''Paniza'' | align="right" | ''Paniza'' | align="right" | ''Paniza'' | align="right" | 604 | align="right" | 47,31 | align="right" | 12,77 | align="right" | 699 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Paracolle (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Paracolle prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Paracuelli (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Paracuelli prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Paracoylli (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Paracoylli prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Peracoli]]<ref name="Rationes"/> seu [[Paracoli]]<ref name="Rationes"/> seu [[Paracollos (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Paracollos prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Paracuellos (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Paracuellos prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de la Ribera'' | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de la Ribera'' | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de la Ribera'' | align="right" | 129 | align="right" | 14,96 | align="right" | 8,63 | align="right" | 486 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Pastoricium (Hispania)|Pastoricium]]<ref name="Pastoricium"> Vide [https://logeion.uchicago.edu/pastoricium ''Ius ducendi animalia in pascua aliena''; «pastoricium» apud ''Logeion''] et [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pastriz#Top%C3%B3nimo articulum apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam de hoc communi], ubi dicitur "(...) El nombre procede del latín pastoricium que significa ‘pasto público’ (...)".</ref> seu [[Pastriç]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Pastriz'' | align="right" | ''Pastriz'' | align="right" | ''Pastriz'' | align="right" | 1300 | align="right" | 16,52 | align="right" | 78,71 | align="right" | 187 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Pedrola]]<ref name="Rationes"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Petrola]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Petrera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Piedrota]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Pedruela]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Perola]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Petrolla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Pedrola'' | align="right" | ''Pedrola'' | align="right" | ''Pedrola'' | align="right" | 3625 | align="right" | 113,72 | align="right" | 31,88 | align="right" | 296 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Penicolos de Xilocha]]<ref name="Rationes"/> seu [[Paracuelli de Xiloca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Xiloca"/> seu [[Paracolle de Xiloca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Xiloca"/> seu [[Paracoylli de Xiloca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Xiloca"/> | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de Jiloca'' | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de Xiloca'' | align="right" | ''Paracuellos de Jiloca'' | align="right" | 582 | align="right" | 31,66 | align="right" | 18,38 | align="right" | 580 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Perdiguera]] | align="right" | ''Perdiguera'' | align="right" | ''Perdiguera'' | align="right" | ''Perdiguera'' | align="right" | 553 | align="right" | 109,77 | align="right" | 5,04 | align="right" | 473 | align="left" | [[Mons Niger (Aragonia)|Mons Niger]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Petra Incisa]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Petratallata]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Piedrataiada]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Piedratajada'' | align="right" | ''Piedratallada'' seu ''Pietallada'' | align="right" | ''Piedratajada'' | align="right" | 91 | align="right" | 22,66 | align="right" | 4,02 | align="right" | 415 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Petrosae (Caesaraugusta)|Petrosae]] | align="right" | ''Las Pedrosas'' | align="right" | ''As Pedrosas'' | align="right" | ''Las Pedrosas'' | align="right" | 97 | align="right" | 18,26 | align="right" | 5,31 | align="right" | 475 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Pina (Caesaraugusta)|Pina]]<ref name="Gallur"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Pinna (Caesaraugusta)|Pinna]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Pina de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Pina d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Pina de Ebro'' | align="right" | 2433 | align="right" | 309,17 | align="right" | 7,87 | align="right" | 161 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Piniello]]<ref name="La Joyosa">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Choyosa#Nombre commentationem de hoc communi apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) En a Edat Meya y dica 1543 se clamaba ''Piniello'' u ''Pinillo''. Asinas fegura un texto de 1232: ''ex altera, super deçimis et primiciis de Piniello coram vobis, P. Bertrandi archidiacono cesaraugustano questio verteretur'' (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''La Joyosa'' | align="right" | ''La Choyosa'' | align="right" | ''La Joyosa'' | align="right" | 1119 | align="right" | 6,52 | align="right" | 171,62 | align="right" | 210 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Pinseque]] | align="right" | ''Pinseque'' | align="right" | ''Pinsec'' | align="right" | ''Pinseque'' | align="right" | 4278 | align="right" | 16,11 | align="right" | 265,50 | align="right" | 230 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Pintana]]<ref name="Moriello"/> | align="right" | ''Los Pintanos'' | align="right" | ''Os Pintanos'' | align="right" | ''Los Pintanos'' | align="right" | 37 | align="right" | 79,64 | align="right" | 0,46 | align="right" | 809 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Placencia (Caesaraugusta)|Placencia]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Placença]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Placençia]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Placencia de Rivo Xalonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Plazencia de Rivo Xalonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Plazenzia]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Plaziença]]<ref name="Rationes"/> | align="right" | ''Plasencia de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Placiencia de Xalón'' seu ''Placienza de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Plasencia de Jalón'' | align="right" | 325 | align="right" | 34,77 | align="right" | 9,35 | align="right" | 274 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Pleitas]] | align="right" | ''Pleitas'' | align="right" | ''Pleitas'' | align="right" | ''Pleitas'' | align="right" | 38 | align="right" | 2,14 | align="right" | 17,73 | align="right" | 258 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Plenae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Plonae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Plenas'' | align="right" | ''Plenas'' | align="right" | ''Plenas'' | align="right" | 100 | align="right" | 37,95 | align="right" | 2,64 | align="right" | 808 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Pomer]]<ref name="Maella"/> | align="right" | ''Pomer'' | align="right" | ''Pomer'' | align="right" | ''Pomer'' | align="right" | 26 | align="right" | 33,11 | align="right" | 0,79 | align="right" | 1107 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Pons de Luna]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Puendeluna'' | align="right" | ''Puent de Luna'' | align="right" | ''Puendeluna'' | align="right" | 48 | align="right" | 9,88 | align="right" | 4,86 | align="right" | 401 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Popula de Belchit]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''La Puebla de Albortón'' | align="right" | ''La Pobla d'Albortón'' | align="right" | ''Puebla de Albortón'' | align="right" | 129 | align="right" | 74,44 | align="right" | 1,73 | align="right" | 483 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Pratella (Caesaraugusta)|Pratella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Pradella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Patrela]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Patrella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Petrellae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Pradilla de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Pradiella d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Pradilla de Ebro'' | align="right" | 541 | align="right" | 25,45 | align="right" | 21,26 | align="right" | 228 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Purillosa]]<ref name="Frescaron"/> | align="right" | ''Purujosa'' | align="right" | ''Purullosa'' | align="right" | ''Purujosa'' | align="right" | 27 | align="right" | 35,59 | align="right" | 0,76 | align="right" | 978 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Puteolus Aragoniae]]<ref name="Pozuel"/> | align="right" | ''Pozuelo de Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Pozuelo d'Aragón'' | align="right" | ''Pozuelo de Aragón'' | align="right" | 263 | align="right" | 32,11 | align="right" | 8,19 | align="right" | 412 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Puteolus de Fariza]]<ref name="Pozuel">Vide [https://www.persee.fr/doc/onoma_0755-7752_2007_num_47_1_1596 ''Nouvelle Revue d'Onomastique nº 47-48''], ubi dicitur "(...) *PUTEOLUS: E ''Pozuel, (El) Pozuelo'' (...)"</ref><ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Pozuel de Ariza'' | align="right" | ''Pozuel de Fariza'' | align="right" | ''Pozuel de Ariza'' | align="right" | 24 | align="right" | 22,63 | align="right" | 1,06 | align="right" | 777 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Quadreto]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Cadrete'' | align="right" | ''Cadret'' | align="right" | ''Cadrete'' | align="right" | 4473 | align="right" | 11,90 | align="right" | 375,97 | align="right" | 304 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Quartus Orbae]]<ref name="Utebo"/><ref name="Orba">Vide [https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/76800/files/TAZ-TFG-2018-3082.pdf ''LAS VILLAS ROMANAS EN ARAGÓN''], ubi dicitur "(...) ''Gallicus'' (Gállego), ''Sicoris'' (Segre), ''Cinga'' (Cinga), ''Salo'' (Jalón) y ''Orba'' (Huerva) (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Cuarte de Huerva'' | align="right" | ''Cuart de la Uerba'' | align="right" | ''Cuarte de Huerva'' | align="right" | 14 169 | align="right" | 8,80 | align="right" | 1610,94 | align="right" | 299 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Quinque Olivae]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Cinco Olivas'' | align="right" | ''Cinco Olivas'' | align="right" | ''Cinco Olivas'' | align="right" | 102 | align="right" | 2,25 | align="right" | 45,31 | align="right" | 161 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Quintus (Caesaraugusta)|Quintus]]<ref name="Utebo"/> | align="right" | ''Quinto'' | align="right" | ''Quinto'' seu ''Quinto d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Quinto'' | align="right" | 1916 | align="right" | 118,26 | align="right" | 16,20 | align="right" | 175 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Remolini]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Remolinus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Remulinus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Remolins]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Remolin]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Remolinos'' | align="right" | ''Remolinos'' | align="right" | ''Remolinos'' | align="right" | 1035 | align="right" | 18,51 | align="right" | 55,93 | align="right" | 228 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Retascon]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Retascón'' | align="right" | ''Retascón'' | align="right" | ''Retascón'' | align="right" | 60 | align="right" | 25,16 | align="right" | 2,38 | align="right" | 883 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Ricla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Riccla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Rigla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Arricla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Ricla'' | align="right" | ''Ricla'' | align="right" | ''Ricla'' | align="right" | 2932 | align="right" | 90,89 | align="right" | 32,26 | align="right" | 377 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Romani (Caesaraugusta)|Romani]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Romanos'' | align="right" | ''Romanos'' | align="right" | ''Romanos'' | align="right" | 119 | align="right" | 19,53 | align="right" | 6,09 | align="right" | 948 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Rosca]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Ruesca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Ruesca'' | align="right" | ''Ruesca'' | align="right" | ''Ruesca'' | align="right" | 69 | align="right" | 11,63 | align="right" | 5,93 | align="right" | 764 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Rota (Caesaraugusta)|Rota]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Rura (Caesaraugusta)|Rota]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Arrota]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Rueda]]<ref name="Rueda">Vide [https://www.heiligenlexikon.de/ActaSanctorum/14.Februar.html ''Acta Sanctorum der Bollandisten''], ubi dicitur "(...) vocarique nunc Ruedam (...) Ruedam statuit aliam (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Rueda de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Rueda de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Rueda de Jalón'' | align="right" | 317 | align="right" | 107,37 | align="right" | 2,95 | align="right" | 301 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Sabinianus (Caesaraugusta)|Sabinianus]]<ref name="Sabinianus">Vide [https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabi%C3%B1%C3%A1n#Historia commentationem de hoc municipio apud Vicipaediam Hispanicam], ubi dicitur "(...) Su fundación se atribuye a Sabinius Sabinianus, un romano de Bilbilis (...)".</ref> seu [[Sabinius (Caesaraugusta)|Sabinius]]<ref name="Sabinianus"/> seu [[Savinian]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Sabinyan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Savinan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Savinnen]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Savinianus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Savinyan]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sabiñán'' | align="right" | ''Sabinyán'' seu ''Sabiñán'' | align="right" | ''Sabiñán'' | align="right" | 675 | align="right" | 15,52 | align="right" | 43,48 | align="right" | 451 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Sadava]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Savada]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sádaba'' | align="right" | ''Sadaba'' | align="right" | ''Sádaba'' | align="right" | 1291 | align="right" | 129,55 | align="right" | 9,97 | align="right" | 443 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Sagontia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Secontia]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Epila]]<ref name="Gallur"/> | align="right" | ''Épila'' | align="right" | ''Epila'' | align="right" | ''Épila'' | align="right" | 4447 | align="right" | 194,32 | align="right" | 22,88 | align="right" | 336 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Salellae Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Sallillae Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Salillae Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Salillas de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Saliellas de Xalón '' | align="right" | ''Salillas de Jalón'' | align="right" | 355 | align="right" | 2,51 | align="right" | 141,30 | align="right" | 330 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Salvaterra]]<ref name="Maella"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Salvatierra]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Salvatierra de Esca'' | align="right" | ''Salvatierra d'Esca'' | align="right" | ''Salvatierra de Esca'' | align="right" | 199 | align="right" | 81,24 | align="right" | 2,45 | align="right" | 582 | align="left" | [[Iacetania]]<ref name="Iacetania"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Sancta Crux de Griu]]<ref name="Embit"/> | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Grío'' | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Griu'' | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Grío'' | align="right" | 94 | align="right" | 19,51 | align="right" | 4,82 | align="right" | 649 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Sancta Crux Montis Cauni]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Santa Cruz de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 125 | align="right" | 3,97 | align="right" | 31,47 | align="right" | 629 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sancta Eulalia Gallici]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Orba"/> seu [[Sancta Eulalia de Pequera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sancta Olalia]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Santa Eulalia de Gállego'' | align="right" | ''Santolaria de Galligo'' | align="right" | ''Santolaria de Galligo'' seu ''Santa Eulalia de Gállego'' | align="right" | 102 | align="right" | 29,58 | align="right" | 3,45 | align="right" | 508 | align="left" | [[Fovea Oscae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Sanctus Martinus Virginis Montis Cauni]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''San Martín de la Virgen de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Sant Martín de la Virchen de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''San Martín de la Virgen de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 283 | align="right" | 5,42 | align="right" | 52,25 | align="right" | 813 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sanctus Matthaeus Gallici]]<ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''San Mateo de Gállego'' | align="right" | ''Sant Mateu de Galligo'' | align="right" | ''San Mateo de Gállego'' | align="right" | 3452 | align="right" | 71,62 | align="right" | 48,20 | align="right" | 281 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Sanctus Petrus de Lagatha]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sanctus Petrus de La Gatha]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Samper]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Samper de la Gata]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Samper de Lagata]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Samper del Salz'' | align="right" | ''Sant Per de Lagata'' | align="right" | ''Samper del Salz'' | align="right" | 96 | align="right" | 11,49 | align="right" | 8,35 | align="right" | 552 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Santed]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Santet]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sanctet]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sancted]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Santed'' | align="right" | ''Santet'' | align="right" | ''Santed'' | align="right" | 66 | align="right" | 17,81 | align="right" | 3,71 | align="right" | 1057 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Sastago]]<ref name="Gallur"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sasta]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sástago'' | align="right" | ''Sastago'' | align="right" | ''Sástago'' | align="right" | 1093 | align="right" | 300,98 | align="right" | 3,63 | align="right" | 153 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Scatro]]<ref name="Scatro">Vide [https://riberabaja.es/municipios/escatron ''Comarca Ribera Baja del Ebro''], ubi dicitur "(...) de Escatrón, que más tarde bautizaron los romanos con el nombre de "scatro" (...)".</ref><ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Escatron]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Escatrone]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Escatronio]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Eschatron]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Scatron]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Escatrón'' | align="right" | ''Escatrón'' | align="right" | ''Escatrón'' | align="right" | 1156 | align="right" | 95,10 | align="right" | 12,16 | align="right" | 142 | align="left" | [[Ripa Inferior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caspe<ref name="Caspe"/> |- | [[Sediles]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sediles'' | align="right" | ''Sediles'' | align="right" | ''Sediles'' | align="right" | 106 | align="right" | 11,71 | align="right" | 9,05 | align="right" | 739 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Segia]]<ref name="Ejea"/> seu [[Exea (Quinque Villae)|Exea]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exeia (Quinque Villae)|Exeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exeya]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Esseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Exseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Eiseia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Eçeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Seia (Quinque Villae)|Seia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Egeia]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Ejea de los Caballeros'' | align="right" | ''Exeya d'os Caballers'' | align="right" | ''Eixea'' | align="right" | 17 124 | align="right" | 613,51 | align="right" | 27,91 | align="right" | 318 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Sestrica]] | align="right" | ''Sestrica'' | align="right" | ''Sestrica'' | align="right" | ''Sestrica'' | align="right" | 349 | align="right" | 40,88 | align="right" | 8,54 | align="right" | 572 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Siarga]]<ref name="Frescaron"/> seu [[Siarchum]]<ref name="Siarchum">Vide [https://www.turismodearagon.com/ficha/castillo-de-jarque-de-moncayo/ ''Castillo de Jarque de Moncayo''], ubi dicitur "(...) Se sabe que el lugar ya existía en 1147 con el nombre de Siarchum (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Jarque de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Exarc de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Jarque de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 407 | align="right" | 43,00 | align="right" | 9,47 | align="right" | 631 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Sigues]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sigüés'' | align="right" | ''Sigüés'' | align="right" | ''Sigüés'' | align="right" | 73 | align="right" | 101,77 | align="right" | 0,72 | align="right" | 521 | align="left" | [[Iacetania]]<ref name="Iacetania"/> | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Sisamon]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Guisaman]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sisamón'' | align="right" | ''Sisamón'' | align="right" | ''Sisamón'' | align="right" | 45 | align="right" | 41,55 | align="right" | 1,08 | align="right" | 1051 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Sobradiel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sobratel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Supratella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sopratella]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sobradel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sopratellus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sobratiell]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sopratiell]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sobradiall]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Supratiel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Supradiel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Supratel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Supradel]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sobradiel'' | align="right" | ''Sobradiel'' | align="right" | ''Sobradiel'' | align="right" | 1143 | align="right" | 12,06 | align="right" | 94,74 | align="right" | 213 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Sos (Caesaraugusta)|Sos]]<ref name="Moriello"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Soso]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sose]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Sossitu]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Sos del Rey Católico'' | align="right" | ''Sos d'o Rei Catolico'' | align="right" | ''Sos del Rey Católico'' | align="right" | 568 | align="right" | 216,62 | align="right" | 2,62 | align="right" | 653 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Tahuenga]]<ref name="Tahuenga">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tag%C3%BCenca#Toponimia commentationem de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Lata apud Tahuengam infante exprimente IX kalendas septembris anno domini M.CC.L.VIIIa (...)".</ref><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tavuenca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tahuenca]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Tabuenca'' | align="right" | ''Tagüenca'' | align="right" | ''Tabuenca'' | align="right" | 310 | align="right" | 85,72 | align="right" | 3,62 | align="right" | 778 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Talamantes]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Talamanti]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Talamantes'' | align="right" | ''Talamantes'' | align="right" | ''Talamantes'' | align="right" | 64 | align="right" | 46,94 | align="right" | 1,36 | align="right" | 924 | align="left" | [[Campus Bursaonis]]<ref name="Borsao"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Tauste]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Taguste]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tabuste]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Toguste]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tobustum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tahuste]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Tauste'' | align="right" | ''Taust'' | align="right" | ''Taüst'' | align="right" | 6817 | align="right" | 405,18 | align="right" | 16,82 | align="right" | 267 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Terga]]<ref name="Frescaron"/><ref name="Nolia"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Tierga]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Tierga'' | align="right" | ''Tierga'' | align="right" | ''Tierga'' | align="right" | 179 | align="right" | 66,13 | align="right" | 2,71 | align="right" | 632 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Terrer]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Terrarium (Caesarugusta)|Terrarium]]<ref name="Terrer">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrer#Toponimia commentationem de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Esta palabra vien d'o latín TERRARIUM que significaba "elevación de tierra", "pueyo" (...)".</ref> seu [[Aterrer]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Terrera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Terrer'' | align="right" | ''Terrer'' | align="right" | ''Terrer'' | align="right" | 565 | align="right" | 33,38 | align="right" | 16,92 | align="right" | 561 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Torralbilla]] seu [[Torralbiella]] | align="right" | ''Torralbilla'' | align="right" | ''Torralbiella'' | align="right" | ''Torralbilla'' | align="right" | 51 | align="right" | 25,86 | align="right" | 1,97 | align="right" | 882 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Torre Fermosa]]<ref name="Torre Fermosa">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torre_Fermosa#Toponimia commentationem de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) Fariza Eclasiae Sanete Thome, Sancte Marie, Sancti Petris in aldeis. La Puebla, Mont Real, Pozuel, Bordalaua (Bordalba), Zuella (Cihuela), Baza (Deza), Embit, Cabrafuente, Alconchel, Torre Fermosa, Sisamon (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Torrehermosa'' | align="right" | ''Torre Fermosa'' | align="right" | ''Torrehermosa'' | align="right" | 70 | align="right" | 21,13 | align="right" | 3,31 | align="right" | 839 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Torrelapaja]] | align="right" | ''Torrelapaja'' | align="right" | ''Torre la Palla'' | align="right" | ''Torrelapaja'' | align="right" | 35 | align="right" | 15,68 | align="right" | 2,23 | align="right" | 989 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Torrellae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Torrellyae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Torrolla]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Torrillae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Turrelgae]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Torrellas'' | align="right" | ''Torrellas'' | align="right" | ''Torrellas'' | align="right" | 236 | align="right" | 2,53 | align="right" | 93,24 | align="right" | 570 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Torres de Berellen]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Berrillenus]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Berrellen]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Torres de Berrillen]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Torres de Berrellén'' | align="right" | ''Torres de Berrellén'' | align="right" | ''Torres de Berrellén'' | align="right" | 1476 | align="right" | 53,80 | align="right" | 27,44 | align="right" | 211 | align="left" | [[Ripa Superior Hiberi]]<ref name="Hiberus"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Tossi]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Tossos]]<ref name="Ego"/> seu [[Tosi]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Tosos'' | align="right" | ''Tosos'' | align="right" | ''Tosos'' | align="right" | 162 | align="right" | 68,65 | align="right" | 2,36 | align="right" | 585 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Toveto]]<ref name="Toveto">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobet#Historia de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) concedo iam dicto Sepulchro, Codo, et Modon, et Capreras, Landet, et Toveto cum suos términos, et cum suos rivos, ermos et populatos, quantum ad istas Villas iam dictas pertinet; sicut illas usque cadunt ad Muadra (...)".</ref> seu [[Tobet]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Tobed'' | align="right" | ''Tobet'' | align="right" | ''Tobed'' | align="right" | 215 | align="right" | 32,39 | align="right" | 6,64 | align="right" | 638 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Trasmoz]]<ref>"In processu Domnae Mariae de Urrea, et Concilii Villae de Trasmoz" [http://www.derechoaragones.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=606134 hic legitur].</ref><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Transmontes]]<ref name="Transmontes">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasmoz#Toponimia commentationem de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) O toponimo Trasmoz provién d'o latín ''TRANS- MONTES'' (...) Datum apud Trasmonç, VIIIº kalendas madii, Era Mª CCª LXXª IIª (...)".</ref> seu [[Trasmonç]]<ref name="Transmontes"/> | align="right" | ''Trasmoz'' | align="right" | ''Trasmoz'' | align="right" | ''Trasmoz'' | align="right" | 89 | align="right" | 18,26 | align="right" | 4,87 | align="right" | 765 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Trasobares]]<ref name="Nolia"/> seu [[Trasovares]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Trasobares'' | align="right" | ''Trasobars'' | align="right" | ''Trasobares'' | align="right" | 125 | align="right" | 71,76 | align="right" | 1,74 | align="right" | 649 | align="left" | [[Aranda]] | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Turealba]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Torralva]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Turralba]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Torralba (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Torralba prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Torralba de Ribota'' | align="right" | ''Torralba de Ribota'' | align="right" | ''Torralba de Ribota'' | align="right" | 168 | align="right" | 32,53 | align="right" | 5,17 | align="right" | 652 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Turiaso]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Turiasso]]<ref name="Graesse"/> | align="right" | ''Tarazona'' | align="right" | ''Tarazona'' | align="right" | ''Tarassona'' | align="right" | 10 565 | align="right" | 244,07 | align="right" | 43,29 | align="right" | 480 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Turriculum]]<ref name="Turriculum">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turrillo#Toponimia commentationem de hoc loco apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) O toponimo ''Torrillo'' u ''Turrillo'' se remonta a lo latín ''TURRICULUM'' con o sufixo diminutivo ''-ICULUM'', que ha dau en aragonés ''-ello/-illo'' (...)".</ref> seu [[Turrillus]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Torrijo de la Cañada'' | align="right" | ''Turrillo'' | align="right" | ''Torrijo de la Cañada'' | align="right" | 201 | align="right" | 74,57 | align="right" | 2,70 | align="right" | 785 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Undosse]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Undos]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unduasse]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Ondues]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Ondosse]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Lerda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Andues de Lerda]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Undués de Lerda'' | align="right" | ''Undués de Lerda'' | align="right" | ''Undués de Lerda'' | align="right" | 52 | align="right" | 42,99 | align="right" | 1,21 | align="right" | 633 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Unicastellum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unum Castellum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unum Castrum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unicastrum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Uncastellum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unocastellum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Unocastrum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Uncastillo'' | align="right" | ''Uncastiello'' | align="right" | ''Uncastillo'' | align="right" | 628 | align="right" | 230,87 | align="right" | 2,72 | align="right" | 601 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Urrea Salonis]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Urreya]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Orrea]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Horreia]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Urrea de Jalón'' | align="right" | ''Urreya de Xalón'' | align="right" | ''Urrea de Jalón'' | align="right" | 448 | align="right" | 25,64 | align="right" | 17,47 | align="right" | 784 | align="left" | [[Vallis Salonis]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Nertobriga<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z"/> |- | [[Urries]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Hurries]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Urriés'' | align="right" | ''Urriés'' | align="right" | ''Urriés'' | align="right" | 49 | align="right" | 37,27 | align="right" | 1,31 | align="right" | 557 | align="left" | [[Quinque Villae (Aragonia)|Quinque Villae]] | align="left" | Segia<ref name="Ejea"/> |- | [[Used]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Fused]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Usset (Campus Darocae)|Usset]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Oset]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Fuset]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Hused]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Used'' | align="right" | ''Fuset'' | align="right" | ''Used'' | align="right" | 269 | align="right" | 85,29 | align="right" | 3,15 | align="right" | 1043 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Valconcha]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Valconchal]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Valconchel]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> seu [[Valconchan]]<ref name="O Charraire A-L"/> | align="right" | ''Balconchán'' | align="right" | ''Val Conchán'' | align="right" | ''Val Conchán'' seu ''Balconchán'' | align="right" | 18 | align="right" | 19,40 | align="right" | 0,93 | align="right" | 887 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Valldeforna]]<ref name="Nominevilla"/> seu [[Valdeforna]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Valdehorna'' | align="right" | ''Val de Forna'' | align="right" | ''Valdehorna'' | align="right" | 27 | align="right" | 7,95 | align="right" | 3,40 | align="right" | 879 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vallis Matricis]]<ref name="Rationes"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Valmadrid'' | align="right" | ''Val Madriz'' | align="right" | ''Valmadrid'' | align="right" | 110 | align="right" | 50,57 | align="right" | 2,18 | align="right" | 536 | align="left" | [[Campus Beliae]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Vallis Sancti Martini (Caesaraugusta)|Vallis Sancti Martini]] | align="right" | ''Val de San Martín'' | align="right" | ''Val de Sant Martín'' | align="right" | ''Val de San Martín'' | align="right" | 60 | align="right" | 25,66 | align="right" | 2,34 | align="right" | 984 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vallis Turres]] | align="right" | ''Valtorres'' | align="right" | ''Val Torres'' | align="right" | ''Valtorres'' | align="right" | 64 | align="right" | 3,29 | align="right" | 19,44 | align="right" | 678 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Vera Montis Cauni]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Bera Montis Cauni]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="right" | ''Vera de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Vera de Moncayo'' | align="right" | ''Vera de Moncayo'' | align="right" | 316 | align="right" | 27,66 | align="right" | 11,42 | align="right" | 631 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Vierlas]] | align="right" | ''Vierlas'' | align="right" | ''Vierlas'' | align="right" | ''Vierlas'' | align="right" | 80 | align="right" | 2,67 | align="right" | 29,93 | align="right" | 456 | align="left" | [[Turiaso et Mons Caunus]]<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Turiaso<ref name="Graesse"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villa Dulcis]] | align="right" | ''Villadoz'' | align="right" | ''Villadolz'' | align="right" | ''Villadoz'' | align="right" | 90 | align="right" | 17,18 | align="right" | 5,24 | align="right" | 892 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villafelix]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Villa Felix]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Vila Feliç]]<ref name="Ego"/> | align="right" | ''Villafeliche'' | align="right" | ''Villafelich'' | align="right" | ''Villafeliche'' | align="right" | 154 | align="right" | 22,50 | align="right" | 6,84 | align="right" | 710 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villafranca Hiberi]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Hiberus"/> seu [[Villa Francha]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Villafranca de Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Villafranca d'Ebro'' | align="right" | ''Villafranca de Ebro'' | align="right" | 848 | align="right" | 63,86 | align="right" | 13,28 | align="right" | 176 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villalangua]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Villa Luenga]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Villaloneha]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Villaluenga]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Villalengua'' | align="right" | ''Villa Luenga'' | align="right" | ''Villalengua'' | align="right" | 287 | align="right" | 40,16 | align="right" | 7,15 | align="right" | 782 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villalba (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Villalba prope Bilbilim]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Villalba de Perejil'' | align="right" | ''Villalba'' | align="right" | ''Villalba de Perejil'' | align="right" | 100 | align="right" | 13,21 | align="right" | 7,57 | align="right" | 633 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villa Maior Gallici]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''Villamayor de Gállego'' | align="right" | ''Villamayor de Galligo'' | align="right" | ''Villamayor de Gállego'' | align="right" | 2827 | align="right" | 89,36 | align="right" | 31,63 | align="right" | 226 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villa Nova Gallici]]<ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Gállego'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Galligo'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Gállego'' | align="right" | 4769 | align="right" | 75,99 | align="right" | 62,76 | align="right" | 243 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villa Nova Orbae]]<ref name="Ego"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/><ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Huerva'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de la Uerba'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Huerva'' | align="right" | 389 | align="right" | 78,38 | align="right" | 4,96 | align="right" | 531 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villanova Xilocae]]<ref name="Xiloca"/> seu [[Villanueva de Xiloca]]<ref name="Nominevilla"/><ref name="Xiloca">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Xiloca commentationem de Xiloca apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) En los textos medievals en latín y aragonés s'escribe Xiloca, Exiloca, Xiluequa, ecetra (...)".</ref> | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Jiloca'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Xiloca'' | align="right" | ''Villanueva de Jiloca'' | align="right" | 68 | align="right" | 7,35 | align="right" | 9,26 | align="right" | 768 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villar Navarrorum]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Villar de los Navarros'' | align="right" | ''Villar de los Navarros'' | align="right" | ''Villar de los Navarros'' | align="right" | 141 | align="right" | 49,50 | align="right" | 2,85 | align="right" | 799 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Caesaraugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villa Regalis Orbae]]<ref name="Orba"/> | align="right" | ''Villarreal de Huerva'' | align="right" | ''Villa-reyal de la Uerba'' | align="right" | ''Villarreal de Huerva'' | align="right" | 266 | align="right" | 27,13 | align="right" | 9,80 | align="right" | 867 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villarubea (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Villarubea]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> seu [[Villarroya (Communitas Bilbilitana)|Villarroya]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Villarroya de la Sierra'' | align="right" | ''Villarroya de la Sierra'' | align="right" | ''Villarroya de la Sierra'' | align="right" | 435 | align="right" | 91,60 | align="right" | 4,75 | align="right" | 782 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villa Rubea Campi]] | align="right" | ''Villarroya del Campo'' | align="right" | ''Villarroya'' | align="right" | ''Villarroya del Campo'' | align="right" | 82 | align="right" | 16,95 | align="right" | 4,84 | align="right" | 920 | align="left" | [[Campus Darocae]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Villella Xilocae]]<ref name="Villella Xilocae">Vide [https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viliella_de_Xiloca#Toponimia commentationem de Xiloca apud Vicipaediam Aragoniensem], ubi dicitur "(...) A vegadas en los textos medievals s'escribe latinizau sin diftongo, como en un texto de 1177 cuan lo rei Alifonso II d'Aragón donó un prau en Burbaguena y se fa mención d'un mayordombre ''Petro de Sancto Vincencio in Villella'' (...) ''Ecclesiam de Morata cum pertenenciis suis, Ecclesiam de Viliella cum pertenenciis suis'' (...)".</ref><ref name="Xiloca"/> seu [[Viliella Xilocae]]<ref name="Villella Xilocae"/><ref name="Xiloca"/> | align="right" | ''Velilla de Jiloca'' | align="right" | ''Viliella de Xiloca'' | align="right" | ''Velilla de Jiloca'' | align="right" | 71 | align="right" | 10,40 | align="right" | 6,82 | align="right" | 597 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Villosca]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/> | align="right" | ''Bijuesca'' | align="right" | ''Bichuesca'' | align="right" | ''Bijuesca'' | align="right" | 89 | align="right" | 57,08 | align="right" | 1,56 | align="right" | 918 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Vistabella]] | align="right" | ''Vistabella de Huerva'' seu ''Vistabella'' | align="right" | ''Vistabella'' | align="right" | ''Vistabella'' | align="right" | 52 | align="right" | 21,82 | align="right" | 2,38 | align="right" | 754 | align="left" | [[Campus Cararum]]<ref name="Cariñena"/> | align="left" | Daroca<ref name="Hofmann"/> |- | [[Xarava]]<ref name="Bulla Lucii III"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Iarava]]<ref name="Codae"/><ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Iaraba]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Jaraba'' | align="right" | ''Charava'' | align="right" | ''Jaraba'' | align="right" | 280 | align="right" | 42,81 | align="right" | 6,54 | align="right" | 767 | align="left" | [[Communitas Bilbilitana]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> | align="left" | Bilbilis<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> |- | [[Zuera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Gallicum (Caesaraugusta)|Gallicum]]<ref name="Hofmann"/> seu [[Zufera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Zhuera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Çuera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Çuffaria]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Çofera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Çoera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> seu [[Çohera]]<ref name="O Charraire M-Z"/> | align="right" | ''Zuera'' | align="right" | ''Zuera'' | align="right" | ''Zuera'' seu ''Suera'' | align="right" | 8632 | align="right" | 332,25 | align="right" | 25,98 | align="right" | 279 | align="left" | [[Commarca Media]] | align="left" | Caesarugusta<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/><ref name="Hofmann"/> |} {{Provinciae Hispanae}} [[Categoria:Aragonia]] 6uhs7vyfvhaj0agpw5gpkbjxvtq6y51 0 23960 3974308 3969484 2026-07-24T21:08:46Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974308 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Hebraica | significatio = fortasse “leo Dei” | imago = Ariel (Fuseli, c.1800-1810).jpg | capitulum = [[Ariel]], persona ficticia }} {{res|Ariel}} est [[praenomen]] masculinum origine [[Hebraice|Hebraicum]] (Hebraice אֲרִיאֵל, Ariyel; [[Graece]] Ἀριήλ). E vocabulis ''ʾari'' (אֲרִי, 'leo') atque ''ʾel'' (אֵל, 'Deus') originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ariel Ariel]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> An [[Gulielmus Shakesperius]] nomen personae [[Ariel]] comoediae ''[[The Tempest]]'' ('Procella') e praenomine Biblico dempserit, sive e novo finxerit, nescitur. Hodie etiam nomen femininum est, quia in pellicula animata ''[[The Little Mermaid (pellicula 1989)|The Little Mermaid]]'' ('Siren parva'), quae materiam ex fabula ''[[Den lille havfrue]]'' [[Ioannes Christianus Andersen|Ioannis Christiani Andersen]] repetit, Ariel est nomen personae principalis.<ref name=":0" /><ref>K. M. Sheard, ''Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names'' (2011): 71 [https://books.google.it/books?hl=it&id=FVyHTUQnnBgC&q=ariel#v=snippet&q=ariel&f=false]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ariel Kenig||fr|qid=Q659155}}, scriptor * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ariel Olivetti||es|qid=Q1113788}} * [[Ariel Ramírez]] * [[Ariel Sharon]] * [[Ariel Zeebi]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ariel (angelus)||d|qid=Q658560}} [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina et masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Francogallica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Hebraica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Hispanica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Polonica]] 0eqw087lnvx2czjnt7s1x8joh4nwv4m 0 24387 3974282 3973986 2026-07-24T20:37:36Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974282 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Platinae De honesta voluptate et valitudine n.d. prima pagina.jpg|thumb|''De honesta voluptate et valetudine'' prima editio (1471?): prima pagina]] {{ores|De honesta voluptate et valetudine}} (sive, ut editiones antiquae, {{ores|Valitudine}}) titulus est libri hodie optime cogniti scriptoris [[Italia|Italici]] saeculi XV, [[Bibliotheca Vaticana|bibliothecarii Vaticani]], [[Bartholomaeus Platina|Bartholomaei Platinae]]. Est eodem tempore liber de coquina, de regimine, de historia ciborum. Fuit primus liber prelo impressus de re coquinaria; editio princeps anno fere 1471 facta est. Opus [[Bartholomaeus Roverella|Bartholomaeo Roverellae]] cardinali dicatum est: exemplar manuscriptum huic patrono anno circiter 1468 oblatum in [[Bibliotheca Trivultiana]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolanensi]], sed sine nomine, servatum esse videtur.<ref>{{qc|id=Milham (1992)}}; {{qc|id=Trivultiana 734}}</ref> Editio Francogallica variis partibus renovata et aucta, [[Monspessulanus|Monte Pessulano]] a [[Desiderius Christol|Desiderio Christol]] facta, anno [[1505]] prodit.<ref>Liliane Plouvier, "[http://provence-historique.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/Pdf/PH-2004-54-218_03.pdf Regards nouveaux sur la cuisine provençale du bas moyen âge: le témoignage des livres de cuisine]" pp. 457-460 </ref> == Fontes == [[Fasciculus:Platinae De honesta voluptate et valitudine 1475 prima pagina.jpg|thumb|''De honesta voluptate et valetudine'' secunda editio (Venetiis, 1475): prima pagina]] Recepta coquinaria auctor hausit e ''Libro de arte coquinaria'' [[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] scripto ab amico suo [[Magister Martinus|Magistro Martino Comensi]] (Italice ''Maestro Martino''), ut ipse agnoscit: {{Citatio|Quem coquum, dii immortales, Martino meo Comensi conferes, a quo haec quae scribo magna ex parte sunt habita: Carneadem alterum dices si de rebus praepositis ex tempore diserentem audieris.|''De honesta voluptate et valetudine'' liber 6 "[[Cibarium album|Cibaria alba]]".}} Historia facultatesque diaeteticas ciborum partim ex ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Naturali Historia]]'' [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinii]] aliisque scriptis antiquis collegit, minori parte ex observationibus suis addidit. == De convivis == Adduntur nomina (vel potius pseudonyma) convivarum, quorum plurimi sodales erant "[[academia Romana|academiae]]" ab [[Iulius Pomponius Laetus|Pomponio Laeto]] conductae.<ref>{{qc|id=Milham (1986)}}; {{qc|id=Milham, interpr. (1998)}} pp. 81-91</ref> Anecdotis in capitulos varios additis Platina ad gustus horum amicorum et nonnumquam ad morbos eorum regimine curandos allusit, quorum nomina et pseudonyma sequuntur: * Convivae: [[Iulius Pomponius Laetus]], [[Antonius Septimuleius Campanus]], [[Vespasianus Florentinus]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Nicolaus Laelius Cosmicus||d|qid=Q18945680}}, Fabius Narniensis, Antonius dei Rossi * Aegrotantes: [[Philippus Callimachus Experiens]], {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Paulus Marsus Piscinas||it|qid=Q16853923}}, Caelius, Brutus, Pantagathus Leonicenus, Aristoxenus Gallus vel Archigallus, Glaucus, Galba, Cassius, Voconius, Hircius == Continentur == [[Fasciculus:Platine en francoys Lyon 1505 titre.jpg|thumb|''Platine en françoys'' prima editio (Lugduni, 1505): titulus]] # Eligendus locus ad habitandum; de exercitatione corporis; de coena; de ioco et ludo; de somno; qua ratione cubandum sit; de concubitu; quid sit agendum ubi cubitu surrexeris; de exercitatione post somnum; quid observandum sit in vita ad voluptatem; de coquo; de paranda mensa; de sale; de pane; de placentis; quid sit edendum primo; de cerasis; de prunis; de moris; de peponibus; de cucumeribus; de ficis. # De [[Malum|malis]]; de piris; de [[uva]] et aliis [[Fructus|fructibus]]; de oleo; de [[mel]]le; de [[saccharum|saccharo]]; de [[lac]]te; de [[caseus|caseo]]; de [[recocta]]; de [[ovum|ovo]]; de [[butyrum|butyro]]; de [[acetum|aceto]]; etc. # De amygdalis et nucibus; de pipere et speciebus; de allio; de caepis; de foeniculo et herbis. # De lactucis conditis et aliis condituris; patinae; de carnium differentiis; de [[bos|bove]], [[agnus|agno]] et vervece aliisque animalibus. # De avibus esculentis; quae differentia inter animalium partes sit. # Quomodo coquendae aves cicutes et sylvaticae; farcimina; cibaria alba; etc. # De ordeo aliisque cerealibus; de cicere aliisque pulmentis; de [[cannabis|cannabi]]; de [[cucurbita]]; de atriplice; de napis; de [[brassica]]; etc. # De condimentis quae vulgo sapores vocant. # De ofellis quas vel frictellas licet appellare; ova quovis modo cocta; de boletis et [[fungus|fungis]]; de [[tuber]]ibus; de [[cochlea|cochleis]]; de [[testudo|testudine]]; de [[rana|ranis]]. # De coquendis [[piscis|piscibus]]; conditum quod "caviare" vocant; ova tarycha; quid sit edendum tertia mensa; de [[vinum|vino]]; de sedendis perturbationibus. == Fortuna == De Epicureismo "Calvi" (i.e. Platinae) amicus "[[Philippus Callimachus Experiens|Callimachus]]" sic cecinit: :Blandius olliculas proprium quam mater alumnum<br /> :Complecti solitus Calvus utraque manu,<br /> :Et gelidas sordes emendicare lebetum<br /> :Ambesosque cibos relliquiasque canum,<br /> :Spernit plebeio condita escalia iure,<br /> :Nec nisi magnificas gaudet adire dapes,<br /> :Obliquatque velut satiatus carne recenti<br /> :Vultur ab assuetis rostra cadaveribus.<br /> :Hoc divina facit domini indulgentia nostri:<br /> :Illa rudem cepit sollicitare gulam<br /> :Et mensis adhibere sacris servile palatum<br /> :Et natum siliquis furfuribusque suum.<ref>[[Philippus Callimachus Experiens|Callimachus]], "Ad Lutium de Calvo degenere" in F. Sicca, ed., ''Callimachus: Carmina'' (Neapoli: Conte, 1981), no. 124, p. 271</ref> [[Ioannes Antonius Campanus]]: :[[Iulius Pomponius Laetus|Iulius]] ad potum friget stringitque gelato<br /> :dente nivi similem, cum sitis urget, aquam;<br /> :contemnunt musae rodentem crustula, Phoebus<br /> :spernit et a tristi Pallas abit genio.<br /> :Calvus, Aricini sordent cui prandia porri,<br /> :laetum, nec bulbos ore obolente, canit:<br /> :non faba duritiem stomacho facit aut cicer aut nux<br /> :nec varia est ratio ventris et ingenii.<ref>[[Ioannes Antonius Campanus]], "Ad Iulium" in P. Cecchini, ''Giannantonio Campano: studi sulla produzione poetica'' (Urbino: Quattro venti, 1995) p. 123</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones antiquiores * sine anno : ''Platine De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Ulrich Han [https://archive.org/details/Platine-De-honesta-voluptate-et-valitudine-ad-amplissimum-ac-doctissimum-D-B-Rou-PHAIDRA_o_359459 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1475 : ''Platine De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Venetiis: Laurentius de Aquila [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00000024-001 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001711-001 alius] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k58516p Textus] (aegre legibilis) apud ''Gallica'' * 1480 : ''Platyne de honesta voluptate et valitudine''. In Civitate Austriae: expensis Gerardi de Flandria [https://archive.org/details/dehonestavolupta00plat Textus] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00000947-001 alius] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1487 : ''Di Platina De la honesta voluptate e valetudine''. In Venetia {{Ling|Italiane}} [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in1-00000544-001 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in1-00000279-001 alius] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1494 : ''Di Platina De la honesta voluptate e valetudine''. In Venetia {{Ling|Italiane}} [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in1-00000545-001 Textus] [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00002030-001 alius] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1499 : ''Platynae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Bononiae: Iohannes Antonius Platonides, 1499 [https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-in2-00001187-001 Textus] apud ''Internet Archive''; [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k59596d textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1502 : ''Platynae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Venetiis: Bernardinus Venetus {{GB|U_MQCwwe2VQC|Textus}} {{Google Books|XRpfAAAAcAAJ|alius}} * 1503 : ''Platinae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Venetiis: per Ioannem Tacuinum {{Google Books|Xos8AAAAcAAJ}} * 1505 (interprete [[Desiderius Christol|Desiderio Christol]]) : ''Platine en françoys: composé en latin par Platine en court de Romme, et apres translaté en françoys par messire Desdier Christol a Montpelier''. Lugduni: Fradin [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k792720 Textus] apud ''Gallica''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20200817112255/https://www.oldcook.com/doc/livre_platine_en_francoys.pdf apud ''Oldcook'']; [https://web.archive.org/web/20191229021736/http://www.diachronie.be/textes_gastronomie/1505-platine/index.html Recensio interretialis] * 1508 : ''De Platina De la honesta voluptate e valetudine''. In Venetia {{Ling|Italiane}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_c_uG0DpRNtEC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1509 : ''Platine en françoys tresutile et necessaire pour le corps humain qui traicte de honneste volupte ...'' Lutetiae {{Ling|Francogallice}} [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k15119321 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1517 : ''Platynae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Venetiis [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Asi6Hge9U1IC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1517 : ''Platynae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Sine loco? [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_UAHc1E1IVs8C Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1517 : ''Platinae De honesta voluptate et valitudine''. Argentinae: in officio Ioannis Knoblouch {{GB|yeKV1-TFszEC|Textus}} {{Google Books|d49DDNSByfQC}} * 1529 : ''B. Platinae Cremonensis, De honesta uoluptate, de ratione uictus, & modo uiuendi, de natura rerum & arte coquendi libri X''. Coloniae, 1529. [http://archive.org/details/bplatinaecremon00unkngoog Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1530 : ''Bap. Platinae Cremonensis De honesta voluptate ...'' [Lutetiae]: in aedibus Ioannis Parvi {{Google Books|kFJfAAAAcAAJ}} * 1530 : ''Von allen Speisen und Gerichten, Koch und Kellerey''. Augustae Vindelicorum [https://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/0002/bsb00022997/images/index.html Textus]; [http://mdz-nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:12-bsb11217823-1 editio Strassburgensis] * 1537 : ''Bap. Platinae Cremonensis De honesta voluptate et valetudine libri decem''. Coloniae: ex officina Eucharii Cervicorni [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_oKL_gIGirvIC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1541 : Albanus Torinus, ed., ''Caelii Apitii summi adulatricis medicinae artificis De re culinaria libri X ... Praeterea P. Platinae Cremonensis ... De tuenda valetudine ... Pauli Aeginetae De facultatibus alimentorum, Albano Torino interprete''. Basileae [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=ucm.5315924380;view=1up;seq=5 Textus] * 1541 : Albanus Torinus, ed., ''Caelii Apitii summi adulatricis medicinae artificis De re culinaria libri X ... B. Platinae Cremonensis De tuenda valetudine ... Pauli Aeginetae De facultatibus alimentorum, Albano Torino interprete''. Lugduni: apud Seb. Gryphium {{Google Books|hC5eAAAAcAAJ}} {{Google Books|LqEdRoTOUgcC|Exemplar I. Vossii}} [https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_RjhVvZdYIDgC Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * 1571 (interpretibus [[Desiderius Christol|Desiderio Christol]], [[Barptolemaeus Anulus|Barptolemaeo Anulo]]) : ''Baptiste Platine de Cremonne De l'honneste volupté, livre tres necessaire à la vie humaine pour observer bonne santé, diligemment reveu et corrigé''. Lugduni: Benoist Rigaud; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k8709750d Textus apud Gallica]; [https://numelyo.bm-lyon.fr/f_view/BML:BML_00GOO0100137001100528285 apud Lugdunenses]; ; Editiones et versiones recentiores * Enrico Carnevale Schianca, ed., ''Bartolomeo Platina: De honesta voluptate et valitudine: un trattato sui piaceri della tavola e la buona salute''. Florentiae: Olschki, 2015 * Emilio Faccioli, interpr., ''Platina: Il piacere onesto e la buona salute''. Mediolani: Giulio Einaudi, 1985 {{Ling|Italiane}} * {{ec|id=Milham, interpr. (1998)|c=Mary Ella Milham, ed. et interpr., ''Platina: On Right Pleasure and Good Health''. Tempe Arizonae: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1998 {{Ling|Latine|Anglice}}}} ; Eruditio * M. G. Blasio, "[https://www.academia.edu/34050498/Il_De_honesta_voluptate_et_valitudine_di_Bartolomeo_Platina Il De honesta voluptate et valitudine di Bartolomeo Platina]" in ''Roma nel Rinascimento'' (1999) pp. 14-20 * "Virtù medicinali dei porri nel De honesta voluptate del Platina e nella cultura medica antica" in P. Cecchini, ''Giannantonio Campano: studi sulla produzione poetica'' (Urbino: Quattro venti, 1995) pp. 127-135 * Remo L. Guidi, "Bartolomeo Platina, ovvero un umanista in cucina" in ''Archivio Storico Italiano'' vol. 174 (2016) pp. 327-340 [https://www.jstor.org/stable/26230047 JSTOR] * Pierre Hurtubise, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/hes_0752-5702_1994_num_13_2_1695 «De Honesta Voluptate» ou l'art de bien manger à Rome pendant la Renaissance]" in ''Annales: Histoire, économie & société'' vol. 13 no. 2 (1994) pp. 235-247 * Bruno Laurioux, "I libri di cucina italiani alla fine del Medioevo: un nuovo bilancio" in ''Archivio storico italiano'' vol. 154 (1996) pp. 33–58 * Bruno Laurioux, ''Gastronomie, humanisme et société à Rome au milieu du XVe siècle: autour du De honesta voluptate de Platina''. Florentiae: SISMEL edizioni del Galluzzo, 2006 * Bruno Laurioux, Gillian Riley et al., edd., ''Maestro Martino: Libro de arte coquinaria'' (editio CD-ROM [https://web.archive.org/web/20070119235050/http://www.octavo.com/ Octavo]) * Mary Ella Milham, "Platina and Martino’s Libro de arte coquinaria" in R. Schnur et al., edd., ''Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Hafniensis'' (Binghamton: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1994) pp. 669–673 [https://archive.org/details/hafniactaconvent00inteuoft Textus] * {{ec|id=Milham (1986)|c=Mary Ella Milham, "Platina and the Illnesses of the Roman Academy" in I. D. McFarlane, ed., ''Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Sanctandreani'' (Binghamton: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1986) pp. 173–176 [https://archive.org/details/sanctaactaconvent00inteuoft Textus]}} * {{ec|id=Milham (1992)|c=Mary Ella Milham, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/scrip_0036-9772_1972_num_26_1_974 The manuscripts of Platina De honesta voluptate and its source, Martino]" in ''Scriptorium'' vol. 26 (1972) pp. 127-129}} * S. Pittaluga, "Bartolomeo Platina e il piacere onesto" in ''Res publica litterarum'' vol. 15 (1992) pp. 131–137 * Timothy J. Tomasik, "Translating taste in the vernacular editions of Platina’s 'De honesta voluptate et valetudine'" in Timothy J. Tomasik, Juliann M. Vitullo, edd., ''At the Table: Metaphorical and Material Cultures of Food in Medieval and Early Modern Europe'' (Tornaci: Brepols, 2007) pp. 189-210 * {{ec|id=Varey (2002)|c=Simon Varey, "Medieval and Renaissance Italy: A. The Peninsula" in Melitta Weiss Adamson, ed., ''Regional Cuisines of Medieval Europe: A Book of Essays'' (Londinii: Routledge, 2002) pp. 85-112}} == Nexus externi == * {{ec|id=Trivultiana 734|c=[[Bibliotheca Trivultiana]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolanensis]] MS. 734: [http://graficheincomune.comune.milano.it/GraficheInComune/immagine/Cod.+Triv.+734,+piatto+anteriore Series imaginum]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (exemplar [[Bartholomaeus Roverella|Bartholomaeo Roverellae]] cardinali oblatum?)}} [[Categoria:Libri de re coquinaria Latine scripti]] [[Categoria:Libri de regimine]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Bartholomaeus Platina]] stv7z99elz3w08de45xj2nrqjfit6ty 0 24542 3974293 3970256 2026-07-24T20:51:05Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974293 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Latina | significatio = “(homo) silvarum” | imago = Silvio Spaventa.gif | capitulum = [[Silvius Spaventa]], vir politicus Italicus }} {{res|Silvius}} ({{pns|ii|m}}) est nomen et [[praenomen]] masculinum, Latina origine: e vocabulo ''silva'' originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/silvius Silvius]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Forma muliebris nominis {{res|[[Silvia]]}} est. == Homines == * [[Silvius Berlusconius]] * [[Petrus Silvius Berlusconi]] * [[Silvius Caesar Bonicelli]] * [[Silvius Magnago]] * [[Silvius Moser]] * [[Silvius Muccino]] * [[Silvius Negro]] * [[Silvius Orlando]] * [[Dominicus Silvius Passionei]] * [[Silvius Pellicus]] * [[Aeneas Silvius Picolomineus]], vel P.P. Pius II * [[Silvius Piola]] * [[Silvius Soldini]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Silvius Spaventa||it|qid=Q3960957}} * [[Silvius Valenti Gonzaga]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Silvanus (nomen)|Silvanus]], nomen * [[Silvius mons]] [[Categoria:Praenomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 2tb5x4gja118hf8qhqgx19dnaby7430 0 30579 3974220 3182112 2026-07-24T16:15:09Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Vita */ 3974220 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alaricus I''' ([[Lingua Gothica|Gothice]]: ''Alareiks'' natus circiter anno [[370]]; obiit anno [[410]]) fuit [[rex Visigothorum]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Eroberung roms 410.jpg|thumb|Roma ab Alarico capta est. Opus minio picta [[saeculum 15|saeculi XV]]]] Alaricus, primus [[Reges Visigothorum|rex Visigothorum]], anno [[395]] factus est, et ex Thracia migravit. Is Visigothos creavit e Tervingis et aliquibus Greuthungis, et anno [[402]], [[Italia|Italicam]] [[urbs|urbem]] [[Mediolanum]] obsidione clausit, quae tunc erat caput [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|Imperii Romani Occidentalis]]. Itaque [[imperator]] [[Honorius]] caput imperii in [[Ravenna]]m transtulit. Anno [[410]], [[Roma]]m obsidione clausit. Postea Alaricus ex urbe cessit, dicitur [[Africa]]m capere voluisse, sed, cum in [[Calabria|Brutium]] pervenit, graviter [[morbus|aegrotare]] coepit ibique obiit et in [[alveus|alveo]] [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Busentum|Busenti]] sepultus est. == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Death of Alaric.jpg|thumb|[[Mors]] Alarici I, qui in [[alveus|alveo]] [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Busentum|Busenti]]]] * William N. Bayless, "The Visigothic Invasion of Italy in 401" in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 72 (1976) pp. 65–67 {{arca initii}} {{arca successionis unus |ante= ' |titulus=[[Reges Visigothorum|Rex Visigothorum]] |anni=395–410 |postquam=[[Ataulfus (rex Visigothorum)|Ataulfus]] }} {{arca finis}} [[Categoria:Reges Visigothorum]] [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 410]] {{Myrias|Homines}} slj0suwpbtr7c187u0lrpsgeurauhs7 3974221 3974220 2026-07-24T16:17:23Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974221 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Alaricus I''' ([[Lingua Gothica|Gothice]]: ''Alareiks'' natus circiter anno [[370]]; obiit anno [[410]]) fuit [[rex Visigothorum]] ab anno [[395]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]]. == Vita == [[Fasciculus:Eroberung roms 410.jpg|thumb|Roma ab Alarico capta est. Opus minio picta [[saeculum 15|saeculi XV]]]] Alaricus, primus [[Reges Visigothorum|rex Visigothorum]], anno [[395]] factus est, et ex Thracia migravit. Is Visigothos creavit e Tervingis et aliquibus Greuthungis, et anno [[402]], [[Italia|Italicam]] [[urbs|urbem]] [[Mediolanum]] obsidione clausit, quae tunc erat caput [[Imperium Romanum Occidentale|Imperii Romani Occidentalis]]. Itaque [[imperator]] [[Honorius]] caput imperii in [[Ravenna]]m transtulit. Anno [[410]], [[Roma]]m obsidione clausit. Postea Alaricus ex urbe cessit, dicitur [[Africa]]m capere voluisse, sed, cum in [[Calabria|Brutium]] pervenit, graviter [[morbus|aegrotare]] coepit ibique obiit et in [[alveus|alveo]] [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Busentum|Busenti]] sepultus est. == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Death of Alaric.jpg|thumb|[[Mors]] Alarici I, qui in [[alveus|alveo]] [[flumen|fluminis]] [[Busentum|Busenti]]]] * William N. Bayless, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/3296883 The Visigothic Invasion of Italy in 401]" in ''Classical Journal'' vol. 72 (1976) pp. 65–67 {{arca initii}} {{arca successionis unus |ante= ' |titulus=[[Reges Visigothorum|Rex Visigothorum]] |anni=395–410 |postquam=[[Ataulfus (rex Visigothorum)|Ataulfus]] }} {{arca finis}} [[Categoria:Reges Visigothorum]] [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Nati saeculo 4]] [[Categoria:Mortui 410]] {{Myrias|Homines}} ldzdthihlpjsflm1w6waje0kx98u28q 0 32801 3974177 3973197 2026-07-24T13:55:00Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Fontes */ 3974177 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] t56omdqj9v8opdwg2gfpzcihafki5s7 3974180 3974177 2026-07-24T14:09:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974180 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duuabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq.. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''Getica'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] mdnn5bax3qbnzincae9140fij88yct6 3974181 3974180 2026-07-24T14:09:26Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974181 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq.. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''Getica'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] cazs0dfpz8u1itknyrqirt9sqdmv3k1 3974183 3974181 2026-07-24T14:13:40Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974183 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq.. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] ifxkgaw5kid1l9x5l2ngilrxa35j9qx 3974184 3974183 2026-07-24T14:15:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974184 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq.. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] gur05v36fwdsvucq6t7deuvw7pzhlb8 3974185 3974184 2026-07-24T14:17:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974185 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de IV consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 30a0fxv9sxrp1zx9aybprozdf75wsgl 3974188 3974185 2026-07-24T14:19:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974188 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] gyize6rgvg14xg7ledq1wnpe5m26xdm 3974192 3974188 2026-07-24T14:23:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974192 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 61982ytuu92l2fzce97somu2j4ddc1q 3974198 3974192 2026-07-24T14:32:49Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974198 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radaigasus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref> [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 108o4ujnp0q277zz6gy3nrkqfenujkl 3974199 3974198 2026-07-24T14:34:47Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974199 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref> [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] b8rlddj6x80m6idu3mm2blonx1gjsry 3974202 3974199 2026-07-24T14:43:24Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974202 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e Britanni in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 3ivya1587yjwzktykg98kwaglg3uqf5 3974203 3974202 2026-07-24T14:44:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974203 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] 595xjwljcp0qaiv337gd9i7ch0kd6ma 3974204 3974203 2026-07-24T14:53:50Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974204 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] rbug2gobtw3o3pjze55bu2c5rqvr0gs 3974205 3974204 2026-07-24T14:56:17Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974205 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] h6do8gts19c1e3ua4tuppeo38qcrhge 3974206 3974205 2026-07-24T15:04:07Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974206 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37. Sozomenus IX.4, [[Philostratus (historicus)|Philostratus]] XI.3 et XII.1, Orosius VII.38, Iordanes Rom. 322. Olympiodorus fr. 2.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] o10ya3xevuag0byppfkppzp026yyb0v 3974207 3974206 2026-07-24T15:05:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974207 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37. Sozomenus IX.4. [[Philostratus (historicus)|Philostratus]] XI.3 et XII.1, Orosius VII.38, Iordanes ''[[De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)|Romana]]'' 322. Olympiodorus fr. 2.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] r2coo46j0hmbq6xh9ko4bioi3hox9j6 3974208 3974207 2026-07-24T15:12:01Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974208 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei Serenam suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37. Sozomenus IX.4. Philostratus XI.3 et XII.1, Orosius VII.38, Iordanes ''[[De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)|Romana]]'' 322. Olympiodorus fr. 2.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] l6jnxwmt85d83ndxroo74woh886zout 3974209 3974208 2026-07-24T15:15:19Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974209 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei [[Serena|Serenam]] suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37. Sozomenus IX.4. Philostratus XI.3 et XII.1, Orosius VII.38, Iordanes ''[[De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)|Romana]]'' 322. Olympiodorus fr. 2.</ref>. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] tke2vbyly7vuv2egjrkrauubas7r0jn 3974218 3974209 2026-07-24T16:13:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* De vita */ 3974218 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} [[Imago:Stilico diptych.jpg|right|thumb|200px|[[Diptychon consulare]] Stilichonis anni circiter [[400]], [[Modicia]]e in thesauro ecclesiae cathedralis conservatum. Monstrat autem Stilichonem cum uxore [[Serena]] et filio [[Eucherius (filius Stilichonis)|Eucherio]]. Puerorum in clipeo Stilichonis sculptorum sunt qui [[Arcadius|Arcadii]] [[Honorius|Honoriique]] fratrum Augustorum imagines esse doceant, ut quorum pro tutela atque patrono Stilicho se gesserit.]] {{res|Flavius Stilicho}} (anno [[359]] circiter natus anno [[408]] die [[22 Augusti|22 mensis Augusti]] [[Ravenna]]e iussu [[Heraclianus|Heracliani]] ducis exercitus [[imperator]]is [[Flavius Augustus Honorius|Honorii]] supplicio adfectus) fuit [[magister militum]] originis [[barbari]]cae et [[Comes|comes stabuli]] et [[consul]] annorum [[400]] et [[405]]. Testis atque interpres rerum a Stilichone gestarum maximus [[Claudianus]] poeta extat in carminibus 2–28 et nonnullis carminibus minoribus. Contra ab [[Orosius|Orosio]] Stilichonis facta depinguntur ut vituperanda. Quod Vandalus erat, etiam [[Arianismus|Arianus]]. ==De vita== Stilicho in hodierna [[Germania]] a patre [[Vandali|Vandalo]]<ref>[[Orosius]] VII.38.1.</ref> natus est, auxiliario in exercitu Romano<ref>''De consulatu Stilichonis'' I.35-9.</ref>, et matre quae civis [[Roma|Romana]] erat<ref>Ita [[Hieronymus]] (Ep. 123.16) eum semibarbarum dicit.</ref>. Tamen semper se Romanum putavit etiamsi erat, sicut plurimi Germani, [[Arianismus|arianus]], ergo putatus [[Haeresis|haereticus]]. Correcte tres linguas principales illius temporis loquebatur: [[Lingua Germanica|Germanicam]] communem, [[Lingua Latina|Latinam]] [[Lingua Graeca|Graecamque]]. In [[historiographia]] vir multum ambiguus depingitur: putatus dux fidelis causae Imperii Romani, egit negative{{dubsig}} pro se. Nam [[Alaricus|Alaricum]] non pepulit neque limitem ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] servavit. [[Theodosius I|Theodosio I]] regnante, qui ultimus utriusque partis Imperi imperator fuit, tribunus praetorianus militaris fuit qui circa [[384]] eum 'vix primaevum' ad regem Persarum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sapor III|Saporem III|en|qid=Q310267}} misit, ut de pace et partitione [[Armenia|Armeniae]] ageret<ref>''De consulatu'' I.51-68</ref>. Legatio felix fuit et Stilicho, cum Theodosium [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopoli]] adisset, comes sacri stabuli et mox comes domesticorum<ref>Ausonius, ''Laus Serenae'' 90-94.</ref> (385-392) ac postremo circa 392 magister militum factus est, ut limites a [[Visigothi|Visigothis]] defenderet: ita hoc negotium per circa viginta annos<ref>Viginti tres si [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimi]] computationi credimus (V.34.6).</ref> habuit. Theodosius quia virtutem eius videbat, ei [[Serena|Serenam]] suam neptem uxorem dedit<ref>''De consulatu'' I.69-83 et ''Laus Serenae''.</ref>, quae postea filia adoptiva fuit. Eo coniugio nati sunt filius [[Eucherius]] et duae filiae, Maria et Termantia, quae uxores imperatoris [[Honorius|Honorii]] fuerunt . [[Fasciculus:Rione XV Esquilino, Roma, Italy - panoramio (49).jpg|thumb| Nomen Stilichonis in porta Honoriana Romae legitur (CIL VI.1189)]] Imperatore [[Valentinianus II|Valentiniano II]] anno [[392]] interfecto, Stilicho exercitum paravit qui, Theodosio duce, [[Eugenius (imperator)|Flavium Eugenium]] proelio ad flumen Frigidum vicit (sept. 394). In hac quoque pugna Stilicho imperavit, cum haberet subordinatum [[Alaricus I (rex Visigothorum)|Alaricum]] Visigothum (deinde suum inimicum), qui magnam auxiliariorum [[Gothi|Gothorum]] copiam ducebat. Deinde magister utriusque militiae in parte occidentali imperii nominatur. Simul Honorium iussu Theodosii custodiebat atque ita Theodosio mortuo occidentalibus partibus imperabat ut [[Flavius Rufinus|Rufinus]] orientalibus<ref>Zosimus IV.59.1. [[Orosius]] VII.37.1: ''interea cum a Theodosio imperatore seniore singulis potissimis infantum cura et disciplina utriusque palatii commissa esset, hoc est Rufino orientalis aulae, Stiliconi occidentalis imperii''... Eunapius fr. 62. Iohannes Antiochensis fr.188.</ref>. Quia tum (395) magna pars exercitus orientalis in eius manu erat quia Eugenium pugnatum venerat curam totius imperii sibi vindicavit<ref>Zosimus V.4.3. [[Ausonius]], ''In Rufinum'' II.4-6: ''Tibi credita fratrum utraque maiestas geminaeque exercitus aulae''.</ref>. Exercitum adversus Alarici Visigothos in Graeciam ducebat cum ab Arcadio, Rufino auctore, sibi remittere et in occidentem retro cedere iussus est<ref>Zosimus V.7. ''In Rufinum'' II.202sqq.</ref>. Quod fecit sed eodem tempore eorum duci Gainae Rufinum occidendum mandasse videtur. Annis 396/7 ad flumen [[Rhenus|Rhenum]] venit ac deinde in [[Peloponnesus|Peloponnesum]] adpulit ad Alaricum impugnandum sed iterum recedere ab Arcadio iussus est qui tum [[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropio]] morem gerebat. Qua de causa etiam hostis publicus a senatu [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolitano]] iudicatus est<ref>Zosimus V.7 et 11.1. Ausonius, ''de Quarto consulatu Honorii'' 459sqq.</ref>. Eodem anno rebellionem [[Gildo|Gildonis]] in Africa oppressit fratre ipsius Mascezel nomine adversus eum misso<ref>Ausonius, ''de Bello Gildonis''. Zosimus V.11.2-5, Orosius VII.36.2-13.</ref>. Nam ob teneram Honorii aetatem occidentalem imperii partem ipse regebat ut Eutropius orientalem pro Arcadio. Anno [[400]] una cum [[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]] [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Autumno 401 Alaricus Italiam invadit sed Stilicho eum duabus pugnis apud [[Pollentia (Marchia Anconitana)|Pollentiam]] et [[Verona|Veronam]] anno [[402]] vicit<ref>[[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]] ''[[De bello Gothico|de Bello Gothico]]'' et ''de VI consulatu Honorii'' 127sqq. [[Orosius]] VII.37.2, [[Prudentius]], ''[[Contra Symmachum]]'' II.711sqq., [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]'' 154.</ref>. Anno [[405]] consul iterum fuit cum [[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]] praefecto praetorio per Orientem. Hoc ipso anno [[Radagaisus]] Italiam invadit sed iam anno 407 a Stilichone [[Faesulae|Faesulis]] profligatur<ref>Zosimus V.26.3-5, Orosius VII.37.4-16, [[Iordanes (scriptor)|Iordanes]] ''[[De origine actibusque Getarum|Getica]]''. [[Augustinus Hipponensis|Augustinus]] ''[[De civitate Dei|de Civitate Dei]]'' V.23.</ref>. Eodem anno [[Illyricum]] in suam dicionem redigere cupiens Alaricum [[magister militum|magistrum militum]] suum fecit et Iovium praefectum praetorio per Illyricum nominavit. Mox tamen nuntiato Constantino usurpatore e [[Britannia (provincia Romana)|Britannia]] in Galliam traiecisse a proposito deterritus est<ref>Zosimus V.27.2-3. [[Sozomenus|Sozomenos]] VII.25.</ref>. Iam Alaricum aliosque duces adversus Constantinum missurus erat et [[Arcadius|Arcadio]] mortuo orientales res ordinandas sibi mandari volebat cum ab Olympio accusatus quod filium Eucherium usque ad imperatoriam dignitatem extollere in animo haberet iussu Honorii adprehensus et celeriter mense Augusto 408 necatus est. Bonis publicatis hostis publicus declaratus est et fautores eius persequebantur<ref>Zosimus V.32-37. Sozomenus IX.4. Philostratus XI.3 et XII.1, Orosius VII.38, Iordanes ''[[De origine actibusque Romanorum (Iordanes)|Romana]]'' 322. Olympiodorus fr. 2.</ref>. Post duos annos Alaricus Romam urbem cepit et diripuit. [[Monumentum]] [[marmor]]eum annis circa 400 factum et dictum sepulcrum Stilichonis in [[basilica]] sancti [[Ambrosius|Ambrosii]] [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] exstat, sed Stilichonem hac in urbe sepultum esse vix veri simile videtur. Nam primo testimonia desunt, deinde omnino corpus illis temporibus inquietissimis ac bellicosis a loco supplicii Mediolanum tralatum esse a multis viris doctis denegatur. == Notae == <references /> == Fontes == *[[CIL]] V.6250, VI.1188-1190, VI.1730-4, VI.31987-9, IX,4051, XIV.165. [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche Hic textus quaerere potes (Literature)] [[L'Année épigraphique|AE]] [https://edh-www.adw.uni-heidelberg.de/inschrift/suche?literatur=1926,%200124 1926,124] * [[Claudius Claudianus|Claudianus]], ''De consulatu Stilichonis'', ''In Rufinum'' et alia poemata * ''[[Codex Theodosianus]]'' * [[Zosimus (historicus)|Zosimus]], ''[[Historia nova]]'' * [[Orosius|Paulus Orosius]], ''[[Historiae adversum paganos]]'' * [[Claudius Rutilius Namatianus]], ''De reditu suo'' * [[Quintus Aurelius Symmachus|Symmachus]], ''Epistulae'' IV.1-14 == Plura legere si cupis == *Emma Burrell, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436726 A Re-Examination of Why Stilicho Abandoned His Pursuit of Alaric in 397]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2004: 251-256 * Alan Cameron, "[https://www.academia.edu/25506845/Theodosius_the_Great_and_the_Regency_of_Stilico Theodosius the Great and the regency of Stilico]", ''Harvard Studies'', 1969: 247-280 *Emilienne Demougeot, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/44168669 Note sur la politique orientale de Stilichon de 405 à 407]", ''Byzantion'', 1950(II): 27-37 * [[Eduardus Gibbon]], ''The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'' * Ian Hughes, ''Stilicho : the Vandal who saved Rome'', Pen and Sword Military, 2021 [https://books.google.fr/books?id=79TIDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT74&hl=fr&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1#v=onepage&q&f=false Nonnullae paginae apud Guglum librorum] *A.H.M. Jones; J. R. Martindale; J. Morris. ''The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire'', Cambridge, 1971, t.I: [https://archive.org/details/plre-01-260-395/PLRE01_260-395/page/852/mode/2up 853-858] *Rudolf Keller, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?id=jMDTNtkscXQC&printsec=frontcover&hl=fr&source=gbs_ViewAPI&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false Stilicho, oder, Die Geschichte des weströmischen Reiches von 395-408]'', Berolini, 1884 *Giulia Marolla, "[https://storicamente.org/marolla-stilicone-generale Dagli altari alla polvere. Stilicone da parens Augusti a semibarbarus proditor]", ''Storicamente'', 2018: 30. *[[Theodorus Mommsenus|Theodorus Mommsen]], "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4472880 Stilicho und Alarich]", ''Hermes'', 1903: 101-115 * Bruno Pottier, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/mefr_0223-5102_2005_num_117_1_10947 Un pamphlet contre Stilichon dans l’Histoire Auguste : la vie de Maximin Le Thrace]", ''Mélanges de l'école française de Rome'', 2005 (117-1): 223-267 * Santo Mazzarino, ''Stilicone. La Crisi Imperiale dopo Teodosio'', [[1942]] (Rizzoli ISBN 978-88-17-33616-1) [https://www.persee.fr/doc/antiq_0770-2817_1942_num_11_2_2700_t1_0335_0000_2 Recensio critica] * Heinricus Richter, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=ponfsh4ruPkC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=vaSabmKd8r&sig=kMRQOGElZOJXCFoqw6FoLMeZj2U&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone et Rufino]'', Halis Saxonum, 1860 '''LATINE''' *Michele Renee Salzman, "[https://www.jstor.org/stable/4436821 Symmachus and the "Barbarian" Generals]", ''Historia: Zeitschrift für Alte Geschichte'', 2006: 352-367 *Paulus Schulz, ''[https://books.google.fr/books?hl=fr&lr=&id=kv6unNYVlEUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=serena+stilichonis&ots=zPymhMZ5rA&sig=LlWeNoL9PBOQcOJSI22m7f53z88&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false De Stilichone iisque qui de eo agunt fontibus, Claudiano imprimis et Zosimo]'', Regimonti, 1864 '''LATINE''' *Lucien Sigayret, "[https://books.openedition.org/pupvd/29079 Les deux voyages de Stilichon]" in ''Bouleversants voyages'', Presses universitaires de Perpignan, 2000: 85-100 *Michaël Vannesse, "[https://www.persee.fr/doc/rbph_0035-0818_2010_num_88_1_7794 L’armée romaine en Occident sous Stilichon (395-408 ap. J.-C.) : le témoignage des décrets impériaux]", ''Revue belge de Philologie et d'Histoire'', 2010: 99-112 * Edmundus Vogt, ''[https://archive.org/details/clclaudianicarmi00vogt/mode/2up Cl. Claudiani carminum quae Stiliconem praedicant fides historica ex comparatione ceterorum fontium recensetur]'', Bonnae, 1863 '''LATINE''' == Nexus externi == {{communia|Stilicho|Flavium Stilichonem}} * Guillaume Vincent, ''Stilicon, architecte de la victoire: un examen du rôle stratégique du général lors de la bataille de la rivière Frigidus'' [https://mastersfdl.hypotheses.org/6020 Investigatio] {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Eutropius (consul)|Eutropius]] et [[Flavius Mallius Theodorus]]| annus= 400<br />cum<br />[[Aurelianus (consul 400)|Aureliano]]| successores=[[Flavius Fravitta]] et [[Flavius Vincentius]]}} {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Anthemius|Flavio Anthemio]]| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|408|Stilicho, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Ductores exercitus]] [[Categoria:Milites Romani antiqui]] [[Categoria:Morte damnati]] gmqgpe843znel9hk7x07ve9kfbpa9dh 0 43654 3974433 3973705 2026-07-25T08:27:30Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3974433 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Imago:Conrad Gesner by Tobias Stimmer2.jpg|thumb|Conradus Gesnerus]] ''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri '''de remediis secretis''''' est titulus libri cuiusdam de proprietatibus [[aqua vitae|aquae vitae]] ab erudito [[Helvetia|Helvetico]] [[Conradus Gesnerus|Conrado Gesnero]] conscripto et sub nomine ficticio [[Euonymus Philiatrus|Euonymi Philiatri]] edito [[Tigurum|Tiguri]] [[Latine]] anno [[1552]], [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] [[Francogallice]] anno [[1555]]. Post mortem Gesneri librum alterum de eadem re e manuscriptis edidit [[Casparus Wolphius]], qui in titulo eius libri nomina Gesneri et "Euonymi" coniunxit. == Editiones et versiones == [[Fasciculus:Thesaurus Evonymi Philiatri 1552 tp.jpg|thumb|Prima editio ''Thesauri Evonymi Philiatri'' a Conrado Gesnero scripta, anno [[1552]] sine nomine auctoris divulgata. Exemplar ab ipso auctore "[[Henricus Bullingerus|Henrycho Bullingero]] patrono" dono datum (Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Md E 377)]] [[Fasciculus:Tresor de Evonime Philiatre des Remedes secrets. Livre Physic, Medical, Alchymic, et Dispensatif de toutes substantiales liqueurs, et appareil de vins de diverses saveurs (IA BIUSante 05035).pdf|thumb|Versio Francogallica [[[[Barptolemaeus Anulus|Barptolemaei Anuli]] (1555) titulus]] [[Fasciculus:Gesner, Konrad – Tesauro di Euonomo Filatro de rimedii secreti, 1556 – BEIC IE9033455.jpg|thumb|Versio Italiana [[Petrus Laurus|Petri Lauri]] (1556): titulus]] ; Textus Latinus * 1552 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri De remediis secretis,liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus, & oeconomicus in vinorum diuersi saporis apparatu, medicis & pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius, nunc primum in lucem editus'' [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-5458 Textus] * 1554 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi philiatri De remediis secretis, liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus, & oeconomicus in vinorum diversi saporis apparatu, medicis & pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius, nunc primum in lucem editus'' [http://doi.org/10.3931/e-rara-8218 Textus] * 1557 : ''Thesaurus Euonymi Philiatri de remediis secretis; liber physicus, medicus et partim etiam chymicus et oeconomicus in vinorum diversi saporis apparatu, medicis et pharmacopolis omnibus praecipue necessarius'' [http://cisne.sim.ucm.es/search*spi?/Xremediis+secretis&searchscope=4&SORT=DZ/Xremediis+secretis&searchscope=4&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=remediis%20secretis/1%2C2%2C2%2CB/frameset&FF=Xremediis+secretis&searchscope=4&SORT=DZ&extended=0&SUBKEY=remediis%20secretis&2%2C2%2C Textus] (imprime "libro completo"); [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k542355 Textus] apud ''Gallica'' * 1569 : ''Euonymus Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini de remediis secretis'' [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/1518128 Textus] apud ''E-rara'' ; Versiones * 1555 : [[Barptolemaeus Anulus|Barthélemy Aneau]], interpr., ''Tresor de Evonime Philiatre des remedes secretz: livre physic, medical, alchymic, et dispensatif de toutes substantiales liqueurs, et appareil de vins de diverses saveurs, necessaire à toutes gens, principallement à medecins, chirurgiens et apothicaires''; [https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/medica/cote?05035 Textus] apud ''BIU Santé''; [https://archive.org/details/BIUSante_05035 idem exemplar alibi] * 1555 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Ein köstlicher teürer Schatz Evonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri: Andreas Gessner; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11218972?page=,1 Textus apud Monacenses] ** 1582 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Der erster Theil deß köstlichen vnnd theuren Schatzes Euonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri? [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10164427?page=1 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11841152?page=,1 aliud exemplar] ** 1608 : Ioannes Rudolphus Landberger, interpr., ''Köstlicher Artzneyschatz dess wolerfarnen unnd weythberümpten Evonymi Philiatri''. Tiguri; [https://www.e-rara.ch/zuz/content/titleinfo/3191427 Textus apud e-rara] * 1556 : [[Petrus Laurus|Pietro Lauro]], interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''. In Venetia: Gioan Battista et Marchion Sessa; [https://preserver.beic.it/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE9033455 Textus] ** 1560 : Pietro Lauro, interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''; {{Google Books|2d0_7IdQG4gC}} ** 1588 : Pietro Lauro, interpr., ''Tesauro di Evonomo Filatro de rimedi secreti: libro fisico et medicinale''; [https://books.google.fr/books/ucm?vid=UCM5309434270 textus apud Google Books]; [https://patrimoniodigital.ucm.es/s/patrimonio/item/582447 apud BCM]; [http://web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr/livanc/?cote=351445&do=livre Editio interretialis] * 1559 : [[Petrus Morwen|Peter Morwyng]], interpr., ''The Treasure of Euonymus, conteyninge the wonderfull hid secretes of nature''; [https://archive.org/details/b30335000_0001/ Textus partim manu scriptus]; [https://archive.org/details/b30335000/ aliud exemplar imperfectum]; [https://web.archive.org/web/20211205164043/https://ota.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/repository/xmlui/handle/20.500.12024/A01662 editio interretialis] ** 1565 : Peter Morwyng, interpr., ''A new booke of destillatyon of waters, called the Treasure of Euonymus ...''; [https://archive.org/details/b30334998_0002/page/n1/mode/2up Textus sine indice]; [https://archive.org/details/b30334998_0001 aliud exemplar sine indice]; [https://archive.org/details/bim_early-english-books-1475-1640_a-new-booke-of-destillat_gesner-conrad_1565 aliud aegre legibile sed cum indice rerum] ; "Pars secunda" e Gesneri schedis a Casparo Wolphio edita * 1569 : [[Casparus Wolphius]], ed., ''Euonymus Conradi Gesneri medici et philosophi Tigurini de remediis secretis pars secunda; nunc primum opera et studio Caspari VVolphii medici, physici Tigurini in lucem editus''; [https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 Textus] * 1583 : Casparus Wolphius, ed.; Johan. Jacob Nüscheler, interpr., ''Ander Theil des Schatzs Euonymi von allerhand kunstl. u. bewerten Oelen, Wasseren, u. heiml. Artzneyen''. Tiguri: Josias Gesner; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10164428?page=,1 Textus] {{NexInt}} * [[Libri de medicamentis aevo litterarum renatarum scripti]] == Bibliographia == * Ken Albala, ''The Banquet'' (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2007. ISBN 0-252-03133-4) pp. 112-115. * Urs Leo Gantenbein, "A Paracelsian Parallel: Conrad Gessner on Medical Alchemy" in Urs B. Leu, Peter Opitz, edd., ''Conrad Gessner (1516-1565). Die Renaissance der Wissenschaften / The Renaissance of Learning'' (Berolini: Walter de Gruyter, 2019) pp. 273-294 * Daniel Régnier-Roux, "[https://bbf.enssib.fr/revue-enssib/consulter/revue-2014-02-009 Les éditions lyonnaises entre 1554 et 1559 du Trésor des remèdes secrets de Conrad Gessner]" in ''BBF'' n° 2 (2014) == Nexus externi == * Livia Rapatel, "[https://bibulyon.hypotheses.org/17006 Le second Trésor des remèdes secrets]" apud ''Interfaces'' [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Libri de aqua ardente]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]] [[Categoria:Helvetiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Conradus Gesnerus]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1552]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1569]] pm0jazr4ww551telqrby4i8h2wd660v 0 49126 3974310 3969364 2026-07-24T21:11:59Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974310 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Germanica | significatio = “qui protegit cum consilio” | imago = Münzbach Pfarrkirche23.jpg | capitulum = [[Sanctus Raimundus de Pennaforte]], monachus Hispanicus }} {{res|Raimundus}}, sive {{res|Raymundus}}, vel {{res|Raymondus}},<ref>“Post haec dictus Raymondus intravit castellum Bassignanac”; ''Monumenta Historiae Patriae. Tomus tertius'' (Augustae Taurinorum, 1848): 808 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Scriptorum/8F7VibTXZDUC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Raymondus&pg=PA807&printsec=frontcover].</ref> aut {{res|Raimondus}},<ref>“Dominus Raimondus Isoardus Senescallus”; ''Il Giornale dantesco. Volumi 12-13'' (Florentiae, 1904): 156 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Il_Giornale_dantesco/u2cNAAAAIAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Raimondus&pg=RA1-PA156&printsec=frontcover].</ref> est nomen vel [[praenomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine. Antiquum nomen ''Raginmund'' e [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''ragin'' (“consilium”) et ''mund'' (“protectio”) componitur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/raymond Raymond]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> {{res|[[Raimunda]]}} et {{res|[[Ramona]]}} sunt formae muliebres praenominis. == Variationes aliis linguis == * [[Francogallice]], [[Theodisce]], [[Anglice]] : ''Raymond'' * [[Hispanice]] : ''Raimundo'' vel ''Ramón'' * [[Italice]] : ''Raimondo'' * [[Occitanice]] : ''Ramond'' * [[Polonice]] : ''Rajmund'' * [[Theodisce]] : ''Raimund'' * [[Vasconice]] : ''Ramuntcho'' (confer : [[Ramuntcho (Mythistoria)|Ramuntcho]], [[mythistoria]] [[Petrus Loti|Petri Loti]]). == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Raimundus de Pennaforte]] * [[Raimundus Toletanus]] === Comites Tolosae === * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Raimundus I (comes Tolosae)||fr|qid=Q1379074}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Raimundus II (comes Tolosae)||fr|qid=Q940165}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Raimundus III (comes Tolosae)||fr|qid=Q2222373}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Raimundus IV (comes Tolosae)||fr|qid=Q299612}} * [[Raimundus V (comes Tolosae)]] * [[Raimundus VI (comes Tolosae)]] * [[Raimundus VII (comes Tolosae)]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Raimundus Barre]] * [[Raimundus Bradbury]] * [[Raimundus Castilla]] * [[Raymundus Cunichius]] * [[Raimundus Karoblis]] * [[Raymundus Klibansky]] * [[Raimundus Lullus]] * [[Raimundus Montecuccoli]] * [[Raimundus Pereira]] * [[Raimundus Poincaré]] * [[Raimundus Rogerius Trencavelli]] * [[Raimundus de Miraval]] * [[Raimundus Herbertus Stetson]] * [[Raimundus Tomlinson]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] cqz3gkwgt9sci2z80hy1z6qqy68a8v9 0 51487 3974284 3973597 2026-07-24T20:40:18Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974284 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Mao Zedong}}, etiam {{res|Mao Tse-Tung}} ([[Sinice]] 毛澤東, natus prope {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Shaoshan||en|qid=Q838542}} die [[26 Decembris]] [[1893]]; mortuus [[Pechinum|Pechini]] die [[9 Septembris]] [[1976]]), fuit [[res novae|rerum novarum]] fautor et dux civilis [[Sinae (regio)|Sinensis]]. Ab anno [[1943]] usque ad [[mors|mortem]], [[Factio Communistae Sinensis|Factionem Communisticam Sinarum]] procuravit, quae ad gubernacula {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sinae Continentales|Reipublicae Sinensis Continentalis|en|qid=Q19188}} pervenit eo ducente, post eius victoriam in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Bellum Civile Sinense|Bello Civili Sinensi|en|qid=Q179975}} et post [[Respublica Popularis Sinensis|Rem Publicam Popularem Sinarum]] (cui Mao praefuit), anno [[1949]] conditam. Mao [[Marxismus|Marxismum]]-[[Leninismus|Leninismum]] "Sinazatum" creavit, cuius [[nomen proprium|nomen]] ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maoismus||en|qid=Q167651}}'' fuit, [[Stalinismus|Stalinismi]] similis, et dum gubernabat, [[agricultura]]m collectivam peperit cum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Magnus Saltus Prorsus|Magno Saltu Prorsus|en|qid=Q58715}}. Sinensis [[dictator]] [[foedus]] cum [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] creavit posteaque fregit, et [[Magna Culturae Conversio Proletariana|Rerum Mutationem Culturalem]] iaculatus est. Ad Mao creatio Sinae cohaesae et liberae ab externa dominatione attribuitur, primum post [[opii bellum]], et eodem tempore illi obiurgatur fuisse artificiose repressor, usus esse operibus coactis et excidium centenum milium [[agricola (munus)|agricolarum]] provocavisse, simul ac annonam ab anno [[1958]] ad [[1961]] et vim Rerum Mutationis Culturalis. Eo imperante ([[1949]]–[[1976]]), multa decies centena milia hominum non [[natura]] decesserunt. Notus erat in Sina qualis{{dubsig}} Quater Magnus: "Magnus Magister, Magnus Princeps, Magnus Dux, Magnus Gubernator" (伟大导师，伟大领袖，伟大统帅，伟大舵手). == De iuventute Mao == [[Fasciculus:Mao1927.jpg|thumb|upright=0.4|left|Mao anno [[1927]].]] Natus est in provincia [[Hunan]] ex [[familia]] agricolarum modice locupleti. [[Schola]]m frequentavit usque fuit [[tredecim]] annos natus, tunc in labore agricolo{{dubsig}} obligatus. Patriam domum reliquit post conflictum cum [[pater|patre]], atque [[Changxa|Changxae]], in [[caput (urbs)|capite]] provinciae, studuit. Notiones politicas occidentales novit, imprimis notiones [[Sun Yat-Sen]], ducis rei publicae. Mense Octobri anno [[1911]], revolutionarium [[bellum]] coepit contra [[Domus Manchu|domum Manchu]], quae in rempublicam dominabatur, et [[proelium|proelia]] usque ad Hunan pervenerunt: nomen Mao fuit inter conscriptos in [[exercitus|exercitu]] revolutionario ab initio rei publicae Sinensis anno [[1912]]. Ab anno [[1913]] usque ad [[1918]], Scholam Normalem provinciae Hunan frequentavit, et [[philosophia]]m, [[historia]]m, et [[litterae Sinenses|litteras Sinenses]] didicit. Studium et comprehensionem [[mens|mentis]] [[cultura occidentalis|occidentalis]] et administrationis rei publicae persecutus est. Dux [[iuvenis|iuvenum]] studiis deditis in compluribus societatibus factus est. [[Pechinum]] anno [[1919]] immigravit, ubi philosophiae et modi docendi studia coepit. In [[bibliotheca]] [[Universitas Pekinensis|universitaria]] operam dedit, et in [[Tu Hsiu Chen]] et [[Li Chao Ta|Lique Chao Ta]] incidit, conditores factionis communistae Sinensis. Interfuit anno [[1919]] "motibus 4 Maii" contra [[mores]] [[Iaponia|Iaponenses]], secundum consilium foederis [[Versaliae|Versaliarum]], [[regio]]num Sinensium quae antea fuerant [[Germania]]e; propter hoc adhaesit [[Placita Marxiana|Marxismo]]-Leninismo, et anno [[1921]] interfuit ad factionem communisticam Sinensem condendam. Subsequentibus annis perseveravit, contra directionem philosovieticam suorum comitum, pro agricolarum vi in rebus novis adquirendis. == De interventu in re militari == {{main|Secundum Bellum Sino-Iaponense}} [[Fasciculus:Mao1931.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Mao anno [[1931]].]] Anno [[1927]], [[Chiang Kai-shek]] rerum potitus est et contra communistas se vertit. Post suam seiunctionem a [[Kuomintang]], Mao Zedong motus rerum novarum in [[Hunan]] et Jangxi{{dubsig}} regionibus et agile corpus militare constituit ad defendendum cum celeribus gestis ab impetu veterum sociorum. [[Fasciculus:Mao1938a.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Mao anno [[1938]] ''On Protracted War''<ref>[http://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/mao/selected-works/volume-2/mswv2_09.htm ''De Bello Tracto''].</ref> scribit.]] Anno [[1934]], mense Octobri, Mao Zedong et exercitus suus ruperunt circuitum copiarum quas Kuomintang circum eos posuerat et processit septentrionem et orientem versus, ita [[Magnum Iter]] (1934-1935) ad Yanan urbem incipiendo, in Provincia [[Xansia]], quae mutata est in [[regio]]nem novam communistam. Haec mirabiles res gestae confirmaverunt eius [[libertas|libertatem]] a Kuomintang et Mao vir clarissimus Factionis Communistae Sinensis factus est. Die [[7 Iulii]] [[1937]], [[Iaponia|Iaponici]] Sinam invaserunt post "casum pontis Marci Poli", quod fuit initium belli mundani secundi in [[Asia]]. Ab anno [[1936]] usque ad annum [[1940]], Mao se argumentis communistarum pro-sovieticis opposuit et potuit suam opinionem imponere, a factione suos adversarios amovens. Anno [[1945]] Mao confirmatus est dux factionis, quia nominatus est praeses Comitatus Centralis anno 1945 apud conventionem factionis communisticae octavam. Post aggressionem Iaponicam, bello confecto, milites revolutionarii circiter decies centena milia numerabantur, et factio communista potestatem politicam habebat inter 90 000 000 Sinensium incolarum. Post impetum Iaponicum ([[1937]]) Factio Communista Sinensis et Kuomintang novum foedus fecerunt, sed post finem belli ([[1946]]) bellum civile ortum est inter communistas et nationalistas et prosecutum est usque ad annum [[1949]] cum clade Kuomintangis. == De praesidio civili == [[Fasciculus:Ji8, 3-1, Sino-Soviet Friendship, 1950.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Mao (dextra) [[Iosephus Stalin|Iosepho Stalin]] salutem dicit. [[Pittacium cursuale]] Sinarum (1950).]] Die primo Octobris [[1949]], Respublica Populi Sinensis proclamata est in foro Tienanmen Pechini. Mense Decembri Mao proclamatus est praeses civitatis. Anno [[1954]], nova constitutione promulgata, Mao Zedong confirmatus est praeses Reipublicae et iniit transitionem socialistam quae faceret Sinam tertiam potentiam mundi post Civitates Foederatas Americae et Unionem Sovieticam. Post solidationem potestatis, contra opinionem Sovieticam, Mao Zedong fidem coluit in civium ordinem luctationem excolens, frustra conans, inter annos [[1956]] et [[1957]], illi novam vim restituere beneficio libere loquendi. Hoc trames, sic, appellatus est "Campus Centum Florum." Inter annos [[1957]] et [[1958]], iniit politicam progressus, quae appellata est Magnus Saltus Prorsus et fundamentum habuit in universitate agricolarum et in magno industriae processu. Magnus Saltus in calamitatem rerum publicarum se vertit et Mao Zedong aliquis officiis motus est: anno [[1959]], Liu Shaoqi praesidentiam Reipublicae suscepit. Anno [[1966]], Mao ut dux factionis communistae sinensis propugnavit mutationem culturalem, qua voluit iuventutem reprehendere aspere, cum removerent eos, sodales factionis communistae, qui, cum viderentur locupletes, mittebantur ad agros, ut non se reputarent meliores quam agricolis. Klimax{{dubsig}} fuit [[1968]], itaque Mao iussit mutationem culturalem finire. Mutatio [[cultura]]lis factionem communistam sinensem debilitavit et initiis [[decennium 198|decenni 198]] conclusa est, cum [[Lin Piao]], fidelis foederatus Mao, mortuus est, dum, dicunt Sinenses, fugiebat ad Unionem Sovieticam, adversariam Rei Publicae Popularis Sinae. Sub imperio Mao Sina initiis decennii 198 amicitiam cum Civitatibus Foederatis Americae strinxit. Mao mortuus est anno [[1976]]. == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == {| cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" bgcolor="#f7f8ff" style="float:right; border:1px solid; margin:5px;" |- ! style="background:#ccf; border-top:1px solid; border-bottom:1px solid;" colspan="3" | De nomine Sinico |- | || Nomen || Nomen pro amicis |- |Trad. || 毛澤東 || 潤之¹ |- |Simpl. || 毛泽东|| 润之 |- |Pinyin || Máo Zédōng || Rùnzhī |- |Wade-Giles || Mao Tse-tung || Jun-chih |- |AFI || /mau̯ː˧˥ tsɤ˧˥.tʊŋ˥/ || /ʐuənː˥˩ tʂ̩˥/ |- | colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid;" | Cognomen: ''Mao'' |- | colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid;" | <small>in origine 詠芝 (咏芝) et deinde 润芝 in Xiangtan dialecto quod idem pronuntiatur.</small> |} * Andrew, Anita M., et John A. Rapp. [[2000]]. ''Autocracy and China's Rebel Founding Emperors: Comparing Chairman Mao and Ming Taizu.'' Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-8476-9580-5. * Becker, Jasper. [[1998]]. ''Hungry Ghosts: Mao's Secret Famine.'' Novi Eboraci: Holt Publishers. ISBN 0-8050-5668-8. * Chang, Jung, et Jon Halliday. [[2005]]. ''Mao: The Unknown Story.'' Novi Eboraci: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-42271-4. * Davin, Delia. [[2013]]. ''Mao: A Very Short Introduction.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-165403-9. * Feigon, Lee. [[2003]]. ''Mao: A Reinterpretation.'' Lanhamiae Terrae Mariae: Ivan R. Dee. ISBN 1-56663-522-5. * Keith, Schoppa R. [[2004]]. ''Twentieth Century in China: A History in Documents.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-973200-5. * Li, Zhisui. [[1994]]. ''The Private Life of Chairman Mao.'' Londinii: Chatto and Windus. ISBN 0-7011-4018-6. * MacFarquhar, Roderick, et Michael Schoenhals. [[2006]]. ''Mao's Last Revolution.'' Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-02332-3. * Mobo, Gao. [[2008]]. ''The Battle for China's Past: Mao and the Cultural Revolution.'' Londinii: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2780-X. * Schaik, Sam. [[2011]]. ''Tibet: A History.'' Portu Novo: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-15404-7. * Schram, Stuart R. [[1967]]. ''Mao Tse-Tung.'' Penguin. ISBN 0-14-020840-2. * Schwartz, Benjamin Isadore. [[1951]]. ''Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao.'' Cantabrigiae: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-12251-8. * Short, Philip. [[2001]]. [http://books.google.com/books?id=HQwoTtJ43_AC&dq=mao+a+life&ei=EU6QScfyKYK2kwT0zqg2 ''Mao: A Life.''] Owl Books. ISBN 0-8050-6638-1. * Spence, Jonathan D. [[1999]]. ''Mao Zedong.'' Novi Eboraci: Viking Press. ISBN 0-670-88669-6. * Sze, Arthur, ed. [[2010]]. ''Chinese Writers on Writing featuring Mao Zedong.'' Trinity University Press. * Terrill, Ross. [[1980]]. ''Mao: A Biography.'' Stanford University Press. ISBN 0-8047-2921-2. {{NexInt}} * [[Iter magnum]] * [[Porcina in braza rubra]] ==Nexus externi== {{fontes biographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Mao Zedong|Mao Zedong}} {{Principes rei publicae popularis Sinarum}} {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Homines}} {{Lifetime|1863|1947|Mao, Zedong}} [[Categoria:Atheistae]] [[Categoria:Auctores Sinici]] [[Categoria:Communismi fautores]] [[Categoria:Duces civitatum]] [[Categoria:Gubernatores civitatum]] [[Categoria:Mao Zedong|!]] [[Categoria:Marxistae]] [[Categoria:Poetae Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Politici Sinarum]] [[Categoria:Scriptores Sinarum]] qxyvd8dknu8hzes4thc8hphe5h4p3ch 0 51937 3974288 3936440 2026-07-24T20:47:00Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974288 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Quattuor Veritates Nobiles''' ([[Lingua Sanscritica|Sanscritice]]: ''catvāri āryasatyāni''; [[Lingua Palica|Palice]]: ''cattāri ariyasaccāni'') sunt una ex principalibus [[Buddhismus|Buddhismi]] doctrinis. Hae cognitiones, quas [[Gautama Buddha]] per experientia ''[[bodhi]]'' '[[humanitas|humanitatis]]' comprehendisse habetur (Nanamoli 1995:106), late tractant naturam [[dolor]]is, originem, cessationemque [[misericordia]]e, et viam quae ad talem [[nirvana (Buddhismus)|cessationem]] ab [[Octupla Via Nobilis|Octuplis Vis Nobilibus]] ducit. Quattuor Veritates Nobiles in antiquissimis Buddhismi libris, [[Regula Buddhismi Paliensis|regula Paliensi]] appellatis, saepissime dissertae sunt. [[Buddhismus Mahayanensis]] hanc doctrinam considerat solum praefatio pro animis imparati (Harvey 1990:92). Stricto sensu, ''veritates'' est conversio falsa, et ''realitates'' fortasse melius sit: antiquissimis in libris, hae sunt res, non dicta (Gethin 1998:60). == Fontes == * Bodhi, bhikkhu, trans. [[2000]]. ''The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Samyutta Nikaya.'' [[Bostonia]]e: Wisdom Publications. ISBN =0-86171-331-1. * Feer, Leon, ed. [[1976]]. ''The Samyutta Nikaya,'' vol, 5. [[Londinium|Londinii]]: Pali Text Society. * Gethin, Rupert. [[1988]]. ''Foundations of Buddhism''. [[Oxonia]]e: Oxford University Press. * Harvey, Peter. [[1990]]. ''Introduction to Buddhism''. [[Cantabrigia]]e: Cambridge University Press. * Nanamoli, bhikkhu, trans. [[1995]]. ''The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Majjhima Nikaya.'' Edidit bhikkhu Bodhi. [[Bostonia]]e: Wisdom Publications. ISBN 0-86171-072-X.} * Thanissaro, bhikkhu, trans. [[1997]]. ''Tittha Sutta: Sectarians'' ([[Anguttara Nikaya|AN]] 3.61). Captum [[12 Martii]] [[2007]] ex "Access to Insight" apud http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/an/an03/an03.061.than.html. * Warder, A. K. [[1970]]. ''Indian Buddhism.'' [[Dellium]]. * Yamamoto, Kosho. 1999–2000. ''The Mahayana Mahaparinirvana Sutra in 12 Volumes''. Edidit Tony Page. Nirvana Publications. {{NexInt}} * ''[[Dhammacakkappavattana sutta]]'' (Buttae prima contio) == Nexus externi == * Quartus decimus [[Dalai Lama]] de Quattuor Veritatibus Nobilibus in serie frustorum telehorasicorum apud youtube.com disserit: ** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXmdKWVirUA Part 1] ** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uoMJ2B3v1iU Part 2] ** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R3t0uMdPT6g Part 3] ** [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTs6HnSqHmo Part 4] * '''[http://Buddhism.2be.net/Four_Noble_Truths The Four Noble Truths]''' sicut in [http://Buddhism.2be.net Buddhist Encyclopedia]. * Apud ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org Access to Insight]:'' ** ''[http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/study/truths.html The Four Noble Truths: A Study Guide]'' (by Thanissaro Bhikkhu) ** ''Wings to Awakening [https://web.archive.org/web/20030403011508/http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/modern/wings/3h1.html Section 3.H.i: The Four Noble Truths]'' a Thanissaro Bhikkhu conversae) * Acroases ab Ajahn Sumedho factae: ** Apud [http://www.amaravati.org/ Amaravati Monastery]'s web: ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100726223123/http://www.amaravati.org/abm/english/documents/4noble2/index.html The Four Noble Truths]'' ** PDF version at ''[http://www.buddhanet.net/ Buddhanet.net]'': ''[http://www.buddhanet.net/filelib/pdf/4nobltru.zip The Four Noble Truths eBook]'' * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080514213714/http://www.buddhism.kalachakranet.org/4_noble_truths.html A View on the Four Noble Truths] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101129035115/http://myweb.cableone.net/subru/Buddhism.html ''The Light of Asia (Book Eight)''], poema in [[pentametro iambico]] ab [[Edwin Arnold, Eques|Edwine Arnold, Equite]]. * [http://www.metta.lk/tipitaka/2Sutta-Pitaka/3Samyutta-Nikaya/Samyutta5/55-Sacca-Samyutta/02-Dhammacakkappavattanavaggo-p.htm Quattuor Veritates Nobiles in Pali] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20101219064255/http://www.meditateinlondon.org.uk/buddhism-the-four-noble-truths.php Buddhismus: Quattuor Veritates Nobiles] * ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20100715070320/http://www.heartlandsangha.org/feeling.html The Feeling Buddha]''<!-- An alternate interpretation of the Four Noble Truths--> * [http://www.berzinarchives.com/sutra/sutra_level_4/list_16_4_noble_truths.html Sixteen Aspects of the Four Noble Truths] * [http://www.nirvanasutra.org.uk Nirvana Sutra]<!-- for full text of the ''Mahaparinirvana Sutra'' and link to other tathagatagarbha sutras (including the ''Angulimaliya Sutra'')--> * [http://jayarava.blogspot.com/2007/07/four-noble-truths.html Etymologia verbi Pāli ''ariyasacca''] {{reli-stipula}} <!--But not all Buddhistic beliefs & practices are religious? Some are nonreligiously ethical & technical?--> [[Categoria:Religio Buddhistica]] [[Categoria:Termini Buddhismi]] [[Categoria:Res enumeratae|4]] dqm0gnunca5ihbkd8yuatsloll7zlzi 0 53827 3974173 3725088 2026-07-24T12:55:05Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974173 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Provincia Bergomas''' sive '''ager Bergomatum'''<ref>Nuncupatio Latina in administratione provinciae hodiernae usitata</ref> ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''Provincia di Bergamo'') est [[Provincia Italiae|provincia]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 1.107.441<ref>[http://www.tuttitalia.it/lombardia/provincia-di-bergamo/ www.tuttitalia.it]</ref> incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] sita, cuius caput est [[Bergomum|Bergomi]] [[Urbs Italiae|urbs]] et cuius signum est '''BG'''. == Geographica politica== Fines provinciae a [[Padus|Padana]] planitie usque ad australem Orobiarum [[Alpes|Alpium]] latus, inter [[Addua]]m et [[Ollius|Ollium]] [[flumen|flumina]], extenditur. === Municipia Provinciae Bergomatis === Municipia in Provincia Bergomati, cum capite, '''242''' sunt. Urbes, oppida et communia provinciae Latine vocari possunt<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20160311074221/http://familysearch.org/learn/wiki/en/Diocese_of_Bergamo,_Italy:_Parish_Records Diocese of Bergamo, Italy: Parish ]</ref><ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=eodYAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=it&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false Memorie spettanti alla storia, al governo ed alla descrizione della città, e della campagna di Milano, ne' secoli bassi, Volume 9 (Google eBook) conte Giorgio Giulini, Stamperia di G. Bianchi, 1760]</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref>. {{Div col|cols=3}} # '''[[Bergomum]]''' (alia nomina: '''[[Bergamum]]''' et cetera), # [[Adraria Sancti Martini]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Adrara San Martino|Adrara San Martino]]''), # [[Adraria Sancti Rochi]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Adrara San Rocco|Adrara San Rocco]]''), # [[Albanum (Langobardia)|Albanum]] (alia nomina: [[Albanum Sancti Alexandri]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Albano Sant'Alessandro|Albano Sant'Alessandro]]''), # [[Albinum (Italia)|Albinum]] (alia nomina: [[Vicus Albinus]] et [[Vicus Albines]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Albino (Italia)|Albino]]''), # [[Almenum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Almè|Almè]]''), # [[Alzanum (Langobardia)|Alzanum]] (alia nomina: [[Altianum (Langobardia)|Altianum]]; olim: [[Praedium Alicianum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Alzano Lombardo|Alzano Lombardo]]''), # [[Ambiverum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ambivere|Ambivere]]''), # [[Antegnatum]] vel [[Antegnate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Antegnas]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Antegnate|Antegnate]]''), # [[Arcenum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Arcene|Arcene]]''), # [[Ardesium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ardesio|Ardesio]]''), # [[Arsagum (Provincia Bergomas)|Arsagum]] (alia nomina: [[Arsagum de Addua]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Arzago d'Adda|Arzago d'Adda]]''), # [[Averaria]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Averara|Averara]]''), # [[Aviaticum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Aviatico|Aviatico]]''), # [[Azzanum (Langobardia)|Azzanum]] (alia nomina: [[Azzanum Sancti Pauli]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Azzano San Paolo|Azzano San Paolo]]''), # [[Baniatica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bagnatica|Bagnatica]]''), # [[Barianum]] (alia nomina: [[Barizanum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bariano|Bariano]]''), # [[Barzana]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Barzana|Barzana]]''), # [[Bedulita]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bedulita|Bedulita]]''), # [[Berbenum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Berbenno|Berbenno]]''), # [[Bertium]] (alia nomina: [[Bertium Sancti Firmi]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Berzo San Fermo|Berzo San Fermo]]''), # [[Bientianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bianzano|Bianzano]]''), # [[Blellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Blello|Blello]]''), # [[Bolgarum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bolgare|Bolgare]]''), # [[Bolterium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Boltiere|Boltiere]]''), # [[Bonatum Superius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bonate Sopra|Bonate Sopra]]''), # [[Bonatum Inferius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bonate Sotto|Bonate Sotto]]''), # [[Bossicum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bossico|Bossico]]''), # [[Botanucum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bottanuco|Bottanuco]]''), # [[Bracha]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bracca|Bracca]]''), # [[Brantium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Branzi|Branzi]]''), # [[Bregnanum (Provincia Bergomas)|Bregnanum]] (alia nomina: [[Bregnanum Glareae Abduae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Brignano Gera d'Adda|Brignano Gera d'Adda]]''), # [[Brembatum]] vel [[Brembatum Inferius-Gradinianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Brembate|Brembate]]''), # [[Brembatum Superius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Brembate di Sopra|Brembate di Sopra]]''), # [[Brumanum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Brumano|Brumano]]''), # [[Brusaportum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Brusaporto|Brusaporto]]''), # [[Calcinatum (Provincia Bergomas)|Calcinatum]] vel [[Calcinate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Calcinas]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calcinate|Calcinate]]''), # [[Caluscum]] (alia nomina: [[Caluscum de Addua]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calusco d'Adda|Calusco d'Adda]]''), # [[Calventianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calvenzano|Calvenzano]]''), # [[Calzum]] (alia nomina: [[Chalcium]], [[Calzium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calcio (Italia)|Calcio]]''), # [[Camerata et Cornellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Camerata Cornello|Camerata Cornello]]''), # [[Canonica (Italia)|Canonica]] (alia nomina: [[Canonica de Addua]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Canonica d'Adda|Canonica d'Adda]]''), # [[Capizonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Capizzone|Capizzone]]''), # [[Capriatum-Fanum Sancti Gervasii]] vel [[Cabriatum-Fanum Sancti Gervasii]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Capriate San Gervasio|Capriate San Gervasio]]''), # [[Caprinum (Langobardia)|Caprinum]] (alia nomina: [[Caprinum Bergomensium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Caprino Bergamasco|Caprino Bergamasco]]''), # [[Caravagium]] (alia nomina: [[Caravacium]]; olim: [[Carraca]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Caravaggio|Caravaggio]]''), # [[Carona]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Carona (Italia)|Carona]]''), # [[Carvicum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Carvico|Carvico]]''), # [[Casaccia]] (alia nomina: [[Molognum-Molina Coloniolae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Casazza|Casazza]]''), # [[Casnicum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Casnigo|Casnigo]]''), # [[Cassilium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cassiglio|Cassiglio]]''), # [[Castionum (Provincia Bergomas)|Castionum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castione della Presolana|Castione della Presolana]]''), # [[Castra-Calepium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castelli Calepio|Castelli Calepio]]''), # [[Castrum (Langobardia)|Castrum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castro|Castro]]''), # [[Castrum Barbatae]] (alia nomina: [[Barbata (Italia)|Barbata]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Barbata|Barbata]]''), # [[Castrum Rozzonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castel Rozzone|Castel Rozzone]]''), # [[Cavernacum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cavernago|Cavernago]]''), # [[Caxiratum]] vel [[Caseriatum]] (alia nomina: [[Caxirate]] ''-atis'', [[Caseriate]] ''-atis''; deinde: [[Casirate de Addua]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Casirate d'Adda|Casirate d'Adda]]''), # [[Cazanum]] (alia nomina: [[Cazanum Sancti Andreae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cazzano Sant'Andrea|Cazzano Sant'Andrea]]''), # [[Cenatum Sancti Leonis]] (alia nomina: [[Cenatum Superius]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cenate Sopra|Cenate Sopra]]''), # [[Cenatum Sancti Martini]] (alia nomina: [[Cenatum Inferius]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cenate Sotto|Cenate Sotto]]''), # [[Cenum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cene|Cene]]''), # [[Cerete]] (''-is'') (alia nomina: [[Cerretum (Provincia Bergomas)|Cerretum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cerete|Cerete]]''), # [[Chiniolum Insulae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Chignolo d'Isola|Chignolo d'Isola]]''), # [[Cisanum (Langobardia)|Cisanum]] (alia nomina: [[Cisanum Bergomensium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cisano Bergamasco|Cisano Bergamasco]]''), # [[Ciseranum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ciserano|Ciserano]]''), # [[Cividatum]] vel [[Cividate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Cividas]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cividate al Piano|Cividate al Piano]]''), # [[Claudunum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Chiuduno|Chiuduno]]''), # [[Clusonium]] (alia nomina: [[Clausonium]], [[Clauso]] ''-onis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Clusone|Clusone]]''), # [[Colerum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Colere|Colere]]''), # [[Colonium (Provincia Bergomas)|Colonium]] (alia nomina: [[Colonium ad Sarium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cologno al Serio|Cologno al Serio]]''), # [[Colligiatum]] vel [[Colligiate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Colligias]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Colzate|Colzate]]''), # [[Comun Novum]] vel [[Commune Novum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Comun Nuovo|Comun Nuovo]]''), # [[Corna (Vallis Imania)|Corna]] (deinde [[Corna Vallis Imaniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Corna Imagna|Corna Imagna]]''), # [[Cornalba]] (alia nomina: [[Corna Alba]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cornalba|Cornalba]]''), # [[Costa (Mezatum)]] (alia nomina: [[Costa Mezati]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Costa di Mezzate|Costa di Mezzate]]''), # [[Costa (Vallis Imania)]] (alia nomina: [[Costa Vallis Imaniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Costa Valle Imagna|Costa Valle Imagna]]''), # [[Costa (Vallis Serina)]] (alia nomina: [[Costa Vallis Serinae]]; olim: [[Costa Sambusetae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Costa Serina|Costa Serina]]''), # [[Costa Vulpini]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Costa Volpino|Costa Volpino]]''), # [[Covum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Covo|Covo]]''), # [[Credarium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Credaro|Credaro]]''), # [[Curnum]] (alia nomina: [[Corniolus]], [[Cornus (Bergomum)|Cornus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Curno|Curno]]''), # [[Curtis Nova (Provincia Bergomas)|Curtis Nova]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cortenuova|Cortenuova]]''), # [[Cusium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cusio|Cusio]]''), # [[Dalmen]] (gen. ''Dalminis'') (alia nomina: [[Dalmina]], olim [[Almina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Dalmine|Dalmine]]''), # [[Dossena]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Dossena|Dossena]]''), # [[Endinum Gaianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Endine Gaiano|Endine Gaiano]]''), # [[Entraticum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Entratico|Entratico]]''), # [[Fanum Sanctae Brigitae (Italia)|Fanum Sanctae Brigitae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santa Brigida (Italia)|Santa Brigida]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Homoboni]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Omobono Terme|Sant'Omobono Terme]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Ioannis Albi]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Giovanni Bianco|San Giovanni Bianco]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Pauli de Argon]] (olim: [[Bucio]] ''- onis'', [[Bucio Sancti Pauli]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Paolo d'Argon|San Paolo d'Argon]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Peregrini (Italia)|Fanum Sancti Peregrini]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Pellegrino Terme|San Pellegrino Terme]]''), # [[Fara (Glarea Abdua)]] (alia nomina: [[Fara Glareae Abduae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fara Gera d'Adda|Fara Gera d'Adda]]''), # [[Fara Luana cum Sola]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fara Olivana con Sola|Fara Olivana con Sola]]''), # [[Filacum]] (alia nomina: [[Finis Laci]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Filago|Filago]]''), # [[Finum (Provincia Bergomas)|Finum]] (alia nomina: [[Finum Montis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fino del Monte|Fino del Monte]]''), # [[Fluranum]] (alia nomina: [[Florianum (Langobardia)|Florianum]], [[Florianum ad Sarium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fiorano al Serio|Fiorano al Serio]]''), # [[Fontanella]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fontanella (Italia)|Fontanella]]''), # [[Fontenum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fonteno|Fonteno]]''), # [[Fopolum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Foppolo|Foppolo]]''), # [[Forestum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Foresto Sparso|Foresto Sparso]]''), # [[Forum Novum (Langobardia)|Forum Novum]] (alia nomina: [[Forum Novum Sancti Ioannis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fornovo San Giovanni|Fornovo San Giovanni]]''), # [[Fuiplanum]] (alia nomina: [[Fuiplanum Vallis Imaniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fuipiano Valle Imagna|Fuipiano Valle Imagna]]''), # [[Gandellinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gandellino|Gandellino]]''), # [[Gandinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gandino|Gandino]]''), # [[Gandotium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gandosso|Gandosso]]''), # [[Gaverina]] (alia nomina: [[Gaverina et Planum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gaverina Terme|Gaverina Terme]]''), # [[Gazaniga]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gazzaniga|Gazzaniga]]''), # [[Gisalba]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ghisalba|Ghisalba]]''), # [[Gorlum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gorle|Gorle]]''), # [[Gornum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gorno|Gorno]]''), # [[Grasobeum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Grassobbio|Grassobbio]]''), # [[Gromulum a Monte]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Grumello del Monte|Grumello del Monte]]''), # [[Gromum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gromo|Gromo]]''), # [[Gronum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Grone|Grone]]''), # [[Gurgulacum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gorlago|Gorlago]]''), # [[Homum]] (alia nomina: [[Homum ad Brembium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Olmo al Brembo|Olmo al Brembo]]''), # [[Honorium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Onore (Italia)|Onore]]''), # [[Insula Fondrae]] (alia nomina: [[Fondra Trabuchellum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Isola di Fondra|Isola di Fondra]]''), # [[Issum (Italia)|Issum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Isso (Italia)|Isso]]''), # [[Laleum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lallio|Lallio]]''), # [[Larainica]] (alia nomina: [[Larianica]], [[Laranica]], [[Ranisium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ranica|Ranica]]''), # [[Leffis]] (alia nomina: [[Leufum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Leffe|Leffe]]''), # [[Lemen Sancti Bartholomaei]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Almenno San Bartolomeo|Almenno San Bartolomeo]]''), # [[Lemen Sancti Salvatoris]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Almenno San Salvatore|Almenno San Salvatore]]''), # [[Lenna]] (alia nomina: [[Alena]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lenna|Lenna]]''), # [[Levatum]] vel [[Levate (Italia)]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Levas]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Levate|Levate]]''), # [[Locatellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Locatello|Locatello]]''), # [[Locosiana]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Luzzana|Luzzana]]''), # [[Loverum (Provincia Bergomas)|Loverum]] (alia nomina: [[Loverium]]; olim [[Luarrum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lovere|Lovere]]''), # [[Luranum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lurano|Lurano]]''), # [[Madonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Madone|Madone]]''), # [[Mapellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mapello|Mapello]]''), # [[Martinengum]] (alia nomina: [[Mertinengum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Martinengo|Martinengo]]''), # [[Mediolacum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Medolago|Medolago]]''), # [[Merium Altum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mezzoldo|Mezzoldo]]''), # [[Mixanum]] (alia nomina: [[Misanum (Langobardia)|Misanum]], [[Mixanum Glareae Abduae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Misano di Gera d'Adda|Misano di Gera d'Adda]]''), # [[Moyum]] (alia nomina: [[Moyum de Calvis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Moio de' Calvi|Moio de' Calvi]]''), # [[Monasterolum]] (alia nomina: [[Monasterolum Castri]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monasterolo del Castello|Monasterolo del Castello]]''), # [[Monticellum (Provincia Bergomas)|Monticellum]] (alia nomina: [[Monticellus (Provincia Bergomas)|Monticellus]], [[Montellum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montello|Montello]]''), # [[Morengum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Morengo|Morengo]]''), # [[Mornicum (Provincia Bergomas)|Mornicum]] (alia nomina: [[Mornicum ad Sarium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mornico al Serio|Mornico al Serio]]''), # [[Mozanica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mozzanica|Mozzanica]]''), # [[Motium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mozzo (Italia)|Mozzo]]''), # [[Nimbrum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Nembro|Nembro]]''), # [[Oneta]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Oneta|Oneta]]''), # [[Orium (Provincia Bergomas)|Orium]] (alia nomina: [[Orium ad Sarium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Orio al Serio|Orio al Serio]]''), # [[Ornica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ornica|Ornica]]''), # [[Osium Inferius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Osio Sopra|Osio Sopra]]''), # [[Osium Superius]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Osio Sotto|Osio Sotto]]''), # [[Pagazzanum]] (alia nomina: [[Pagazanum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pagazzano|Pagazzano]]''), # [[Palatina]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Paladina|Paladina]]''), # [[Palazzagum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Palazzago|Palazzago]]''), # [[Paloscum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Palosco|Palosco]]''), # [[Parrum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Parre|Parre]]''), # [[Parzanica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Parzanica|Parzanica]]''), # [[Petrengum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pedrengo|Pedrengo]]''), # [[Pilia]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Peia|Peia]]''), # [[Piarium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piario|Piario]]''), # [[Platea Brembiana]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piazza Brembana|Piazza Brembana]]''), # [[Platea Turris]] vel [[Plax Turris]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piazzatorre|Piazzatorre]]''), # [[Plazolum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Piazzolo|Piazzolo]]''), # [[Plenicum]] (alia nomina: [[Plenegum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pianico|Pianico]]''), # [[Pons Aureoli]] (alia nomina: [[Pontirolum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pontirolo Nuovo|Pontirolo Nuovo]]''), # [[Pons Larianicae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ponteranica|Ponteranica]]''), # [[Pons Noxiae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ponte Nossa|Ponte Nossa]]''), # [[Pons Sancti Petri]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ponte San Pietro|Ponte San Pietro]]''), # [[Pontida]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pontida|Pontida]]''), # [[Pratalonga (Langobardia)|Pratalonga]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pradalunga|Pradalunga]]''), # [[Predorium]] (olim: [[Praedium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Predore|Predore]]''), # [[Premolum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Premolo|Premolo]]''), # [[Presetium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Presezzo|Presezzo]]''), # [[Pumenengum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pumenengo|Pumenengo]]''), # [[Punianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pognano|Pognano]]''), # [[Ransanicum]] (alia nomina: [[Ranzanicum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ranzanico|Ranzanico]]''), # [[Ripa Solti]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Riva di Solto|Riva di Solto]]''), # [[Rognum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rogno|Rogno]]''), # [[Romanum (Langobardia)|Romanum]] seu [[Romanus (Langobardia)|Romanus]] (olim: [[Rumanus]], deinde [[Romanus Langobardiae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Romano di Lombardia|Romano di Lombardia]]''), # [[Roncobellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roncobello|Roncobello]]''), # [[Roncula]] (alia nomina: [[Roncula Sancti Bernardi]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roncola (Italia)|Roncola]]''), # [[Rota (Vallis Imania)|Rota]] vel [[Rota Vallis Imaniae]] (etiam [[Rota Imaniae]]; olim: [[Rota Intus-Rota Floris]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rota d'Imagna|Rota d'Imagna]]''), # [[Rovetta]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rovetta|Rovetta]]''), # [[Sarnicum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sarnico|Sarnico]]''), # [[Scancium Roscianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Scanzorosciate|Scanzorosciate]]''), # [[Schilparium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Schilpario|Schilpario]]''), # [[Sedrina]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sedrina|Sedrina]]''), # [[Selvinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Selvino|Selvino]]''), # [[Seriatum]] vel [[Seriate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Serias]] ''-atis'', [[Seriatium]], [[Sariatum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Seriate|Seriate]]''), # [[Serina (Italia)|Serina]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Serina (Italia)|Serina]]''), # [[Solcia]] vel [[Soltia]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Solza|Solza]]''), # [[Soltum Collis]] (vel [[Soltum Esmatum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Solto Collina|Solto Collina]]''), # [[Songavatium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Songavazzo|Songavazzo]]''), # [[Sorisolum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sorisole|Sorisole]]''), # [[Spinonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Spinone al Lago|Spinone al Lago]]''), # [[Spiranum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Spirano|Spirano]]''), # [[Statianum (Langobardia)|Statianum]] (alia nomina: [[Stezanum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Stezzano|Stezzano]]''), # [[Strotia]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Strozza|Strozza]]''), # [[Submons (Langobardia)|Submons]] (''-ntis'') (alia nomina: [[Submontium (Langobardia)|Submontium]]; deinde [[Submons Ioannes XXIII]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII|Sotto il Monte Giovanni XXIII]]''), # [[Suerum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sovere|Sovere]]''), # [[Suiisium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Suisio|Suisio]]''), # [[Talegium (Italia)|Talegium]] (alia nomina: [[Tiletlum (Italia)|Tiletlum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Taleggio|Taleggio]]''), # [[Tabernula (Langobardia)|Tabernula]] (alia nomina: [[Tabernula Bergomas]], [[Tabernula Bergomensium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Tavernola Bergamasca|Tavernola Bergamasca]]''), # [[Telgatum]] vel [[Telgate]] (''-atis'') (alia nomina: [[Telgas]] ''-atis'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Telgate|Telgate]]''), # [[Ternum]] (alia nomina: [[Ternum Insulae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Terno d'Isola|Terno d'Isola]]''), # [[Turris Boldonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torre Boldone|Torre Boldone]]''), # [[Turris Pallavicinorum]] (alia nomina: [[Turris Pallavicina]]; olim: [[Vicus Florianus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torre Pallavicina|Torre Pallavicina]]''), # [[Turris Ruvarium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torre de' Roveri|Torre de' Roveri]]''), # [[Trescurium]] (alia nomina: [[Transcherium]] vel [[Trescurium de Balneis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Trescore Balneario|Trescore Balneario]]''), # [[Tresoltium Angelorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Carobbio degli Angeli|Carobbio degli Angeli]]''), # [[Trivillium]] (alia nomina: [[Trivilium]], [[Trevilium]], [[Tervillium]], [[Tres Villae (Langobardia)|Tres Villae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Treviglio|Treviglio]]''), # [[Treviolum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Treviolo|Treviolo]]''), # [[Ubialum Clanetium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ubiale Clanezzo|Ubiale Clanezzo]]''), # [[Ultracollum]] (alia nomina: [[Ultra Collum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Oltre il Colle|Oltre il Colle]]''), # [[Ultrasenda Alta]] (alia nomina: [[Ultra Senda Alta]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Oltressenda Alta|Oltressenda Alta]]''), # [[Urnianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Urgnano|Urgnano]]''), # [[Vallis Alguae]] (alia nomina: [[Algua]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Algua|Algua]]''), # [[Vallis Bondioni]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valbondione|Valbondione]]''), # [[Vallis Brembii]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valbrembo|Valbrembo]]''), # [[Vallis Brembilla (Italia)|Vallis Brembilla]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Val Brembilla (Italia)|Val Brembilla]]''), # [[Vallis Gullis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valgoglio|Valgoglio]]''), # [[Vallis Levis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valleve|Valleve]]''), # [[Vallis Negra]] (alia nomina: [[Vallis Nigra]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valnegra|Valnegra]]''), # [[Vallis Torta]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Valtorta|Valtorta]]''), # [[Vedeseta]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vedeseta|Vedeseta]]''), # [[Verdellinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Verdellino|Verdellino]]''), # [[Verdellum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Verdello|Verdello]]''), # [[Vertua]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vertova|Vertova]]''), # [[Vetianica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Zanica|Zanica]]''), # [[Viadanica]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Viadanica|Viadanica]]''), # [[Viculus Tabernulae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vigolo|Vigolo]]''), # [[Vicus Tertii]] (alia nomina: [[Burgus Tertii]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Borgo di Terzo|Borgo di Terzo]]''), # [[Viganum (Italia)|Viganum]] (alia nomina: [[Viganum Sancti Martini]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vigano San Martino|Vigano San Martino]]''), # [[Villa de Almeno]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villa d'Almè|Villa d'Almè]]''), # [[Villa Oneae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villa d'Ogna|Villa d'Ogna]]''), # [[Villa Ripae Abduae]] (alia nomina: [[Villa Abduae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villa d'Adda|Villa d'Adda]]''), # [[Villa Ripae Serii]] (alia nomina: [[Villa Sarii]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villa di Serio|Villa di Serio]]''), # [[Vicus Longus (Langobardia)|Vicus Longus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villongo|Villongo]]''), # [[Vicus Minor in Plebe Scalvi Vallis Deciae]] (vel simpliciter: [[Vicus Minor Vallis Deciae]], [[Vicus Minor Scalvi]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vilminore di Scalve|Vilminore di Scalve]]''), # [[Zandobium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Zandobbio|Zandobbio]]''), # [[Zonium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Zogno|Zogno]]''), # [[Zonum (Provincia Bergomas)|Zonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Azzone|Azzone]]''). {{Div col end}} === Fines=== [[Fasciculus:Comunità Montane BG.svg|300px|right|thumb|Communitates montaneae bergomates]] [[Fasciculus:Map - IT - GrandeBergamo.svg|300px|right|thumb|Bergamum magnum]] [[Fasciculus:GeraDAdda.png|300px|right|thumb|[[Glarea Abduae]]]] [[Fasciculus:Fosso bergamasco.png|300px|right|thumb|[[Fossum Bergomense]]]] ====Provinciae finitimae ==== * [[Provincia Sundriensis]], * [[Provincia Brixiana]], * [[Provincia Cremonensis]], * [[Urbs metropolitana Mediolanensis]] (''[[Provincia Mediolanensis]]''), * [[Provincia Modiciensis et Brigantina]], * [[Provincia Leucensis]]. ===Terrae=== * [[Ager Bergomas Imus]] seu [[Planities Bergomas]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bassa Bergamasca|Bassa Bergamasca]]''), * [[Ager Chalcianus]] seu [[Pagus Chalcianus]], * [[Communitas montanea Lacuum Bergomatium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Comunità montana dei Laghi Bergamaschi|Comunità montana dei Laghi Bergamaschi]]''), * [[Glarea Abduae]], * [[Insula Bergomas]], * [[Vallis Brembiana]], * [[Vallis Decia]] seu [[Vallis de Scalve]], * [[Vallis Imania]], * [[Vallis Sancti Martini]], * [[Vallis Sariana]]. == Geographia physica == === Morphologia === ===Colles=== * [[Vallis Calepii]] ==== Montes ==== * [[Langobardae Praealpes]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Prealpi Lombarde|Prealpi Lombarde]]''), * [[Orobiae Alpes]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Alpi Orobie|Alpi Orobie]]''), * [[Resegone]] sive [[Serrada mons]]. ==== Valles ==== * [[Vallis Averaria]] (vel [[Vallis Aurera]]), * [[Vallis Brembiana]], * [[Vallis Caballina]], * [[Vallis Camunnorum]] (''pars''), * [[Vallis Decia]] seu [[Vallis de Scalve]], * [[Vallis Imania]], * [[Vallis Sariana]], * [[Vallis Sancti Martini]], * [[Vallis Serina]], * [[Vallis Talegii]] (alia nomina: [[Vallis Tiletli]]). ====Transitūs==== * [[Transitus Sancti Marci]] ==== Planities ==== * [[Planities Padana]], === Hydrographia === ==== Flumina ==== * [[Abdua]] seu [[Addua]], * [[Brembius]] vel [[Brembus]], * [[Ollius]], * [[Sarius]] seu [[Sarrius]]. ==== Navicula ==== * [[Fossum Bergomense]], Italiane: ''Fosso bergamasco'', ==== Lacūs ==== * [[Sebinus lacus]], * [[Endini lacus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lago di Endine|Lago di Endine]]''), * [[Gaiani lacus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lago di Gaiano|Lago di Gaiano]]''), == Vecturae == === Aeroportus === * [[Aeroportus Bergomi-Orii ad Sarium]] seu [[Aeroportus Internationalis "Caravagius"]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Province of Bergamo|Provinciam Bergomatem}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20110308225954/http://www.provincia.bergamo.it/ Pagina officialis] {{geo-stipula}} {{Provinciae et consortiones Italiae}} [[Categoria:Provincia Bergomas|!]] [[Categoria:Bergomum]] 7ekhvnvrt1f0lsuitekaxozaxo6pi1a 0 55434 3974302 3969665 2026-07-24T21:04:42Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974302 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Hebraica | significatio = “palus” | imago = Sharon Corr @ Brussels Summer Festival 2012 (8269542975) (cropped).jpg | capitulum = [[Saron Corr]], musica Hibernica }} {{res|Saron}}, seu secundum morem Anglicum {{ires|Sharon}}, est praenomen et nomen originis [[lingua Hebraica|Hebraicae]]. In [[Israël]] praenomen et pueris et puellis datur, sed hodie in civitatibus linguae Anglicae solum puellis.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/sharon Sharon]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Nomen deducitur a שָׁרוֹן (''Šārôn''), ''Saron'' in [[Vulgata]] scripta, nomen [[campus|campi]] in litore Mediterraneo inter [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesaream]] et [[Ioppe]]n.<ref name=":02">Vide paginam [https://www.etymonline.com/word/Sharon ''Sharon''] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref>''R. p. Joan. Stephani Menochii ... Commentarii totius s. Scripturae ex optimis quibusque Authoribus collecti. Tomus primus'' (Lutetiae Parisiorum, 1719): 277 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/R_p_Joan_Stephani_Menochii_Commentarii_t/ooLEk0ElA8cC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Saron+nomen&pg=RA1-PA277&printsec=frontcover].</ref> Notissimus est versus [[Canticum Canticorum|Cantici Canticorum]] 2:1, “ego flos campi et lilium convallium”, hoc est “[[flos Saron]]”.<ref>Vulgata editio, Blue Letter Bible, “[http://www.blueletterbible.org/lang/lexicon/lexicon.cfm?Strongs=H8289&t=VUL numerus Strong H8289]”.</ref> == Mulieres == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Saron Corr||en|qid=Q235143}} * [[Saron Cohen]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Saron Stone||en|qid=Q62975}} * [[Sharon Tate]] == Etiam cognomen == * [[Ariel Šaron]] == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> [[Categoria:Cognomina Iudaeorum]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina et masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Hebraica]] oymju6fu7r9gftthvoqh9en807jqh9y 0 74667 3974327 3957113 2026-07-24T22:21:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974327 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Radioactive.svg|thumb|150px|[[Symbolum periculi]] materiem radiactivam significat.<!-- The [[Unicode]] encoding of this symbol is U+2622 ({{unicode|?}}) -->]] {{res|Radiactivitas}}<ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Nobel | nomen auctoris = Albertus | titulus = Dictionary of Medical Objects / Medizinisches Sachwörterbuch / Dictionnaire d’Objets Médicaux / Medicinae Rerum Verborum Index | annus = 1983 | pagina = 1302 | url paginae = https://page-one.springer.com/pdf/preview/10.1007/978-3-642-68912-3_94 | retrospectio paginae = 20260413183959 | domus editoria = [[Springer]] | locus = [[Berolinum|Berolini]], [[Heidelberga]]e | doi = 10.1007/978-3-642-68912-3_94 }}: “14183 ⁴⁰K-{{lectio|Radiactivitas}}”.</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Colmenárez Molina | nomen auctoris = Albertus Antonius | titulus = Metodología en la enseñanza de la lengua latina: método clásico | contextus = Revista Electrónica REDINE | volumen = 4 | fasciculus = 2 | tempus = 2012-10-31 | pagina = 138 | url = https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/redine/article/view/1352 | url forma pdf = https://revistas.uclave.org/index.php/redine/article/download/1352/642/1197 | domus editoria = Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado | locus = [[Barquisimeto]] | issn = 22447997 }}: “Lat. Iodum, radiactivum, {{lectio|radiactivitas}}, {{omissis}}”</ref> aut {{res|nucleus dissiliens vel tabescens}} sunt [[radiatio|radiationes]] (materiae particularum et energiae) ex instabilibus [[Nucleus atomi|atomorum nucleis]] sponte emissae quae ultra certum modum animantibus periculosae fiunt. Tales nuclei instabiles et compositionem suam mutantes ''mobiles'' vel ''radiactivi'' appellantur. Pariter [[atomus|atomi]], quibus nuclei radiactivi insunt, radiactivi nominantur. Plures atomi terrestres non sunt radiactivi, sed atomi qui numerum [[neutron|neutrorum]] habent supra aut infra numerum necessarium pro stabilitate exhibent radiactivitatem. Exempli gratia, [[Carbonium|carbonii]] atomus 6 [[proton]]es habet, saepius 6 quoque [[neutron]]es; numerus atomicus est ergo 12 et hunc isotopum "[[carbonium]]-12" nominamus. Sunt autem atomi carbonii qui 8 neutrones habent. Haec carboni varietas est "carbonium-14" et radiactiva est. Varietates eiusdem [[Elementum chemicum|elementi chemici]] quae non eundem neutronum numerum habent sunt ''[[isotopus|isotopi]].'' Exempli gratia, carbonium-12 et carbonium-14 sunt isotopi elementi carbonii. Homines radiactivitatem ad suam utilitatem accomodarunt tam militarem cum [[bomba atomica]], quod [[Societas Internationalis pro Energia Atomica]] prohibet, quam civilem in [[Reactrum nucleare|reactris nuclearibus]] quae [[Electricitas|electricitatem]] producunt aut in [[medicina nuclearis|medicina nucleari]]. Radiactivitatem primus descripsit [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel]] die [[24 Februarii]] [[1896]], deinde [[Maria Curie]], [[chemicus|chemica]] [[Polonia|Polona]] quae [[Lutetia]]e physicae studuit. == De radiactivitate inventa == Anno [[1896]], [[Antonius Henricus Becquerel|Henricus Becquerel]] physicus Francicus [[oxidum uranii]] supra [[Photographia|laminam photographicam]] tegumento opaco involutam forte reliquit. Nihilominus animadvertit maculas nigras in lamina apparuisse unde rem multum miratus collegit radiationis genus fuisse<ref>Jean-Louis Basdevant, «[https://journals.openedition.org/bibnum/848?lang=fr#quotation Henri Becquerel : découverte de la radioactivité] », ''Bibnum'', 2017. Pierre Radvanyi, Jacques Villain. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631070517300786 La découverte de la radioactivité]", ''Comptes Rendus Physique'', 2017: 544-550</ref>. Paulo post [[Maria Curie|Maria Sklodowska]] quae tum [[Doctoratus|doctoris gradum]] parabat ostendit ex uranii atomis quibuscumque moleculis insertis hanc radiationem oriri. Similem proprietatem et in [[radium|radio]], et in [[thorium|thorio]] et in [[Polonium|polonio]] invenit. Causa tamen adhuc ignota erat. At anno [[1898]], [[Ernestus Rutherford]] ex declinatione in [[Campus electricus|campo electrico]] perspecta tria radiationis genera distinxit quas α, β, γ appellavit. Radius qui ad polum negativum declinabat fuit [[particula alpha|alpha]], is qui ad polum positivum [[Particula beta|beta]], et tertius qui e recto itinere non declinabat [[Radiatio gamma|gamma]]. Post [[Nucleus atomi|atomi nucleum]] anno 1908 inventum ostendit particulas alpha e duobus neutronibus et duobus protonibus constare atque instar esse [[Helium|helii]] nuclei [[onus electricum|positive onerati]]; in particulis beta electrones maxima vi et celeritate e nucleo expulsos cognovit. == De praecipuis radiationum generibus == [[Fasciculus:Alpha Decay.svg|thumb|Nucleus gravis particulam alpha emittit.]] Cum structura nucleorum instabilium mutatur radiationes e nucleis emitti solent e quibus praecipuae sunt: * '''Particula alpha''' quae instar nuclei helii e duobus protonibus et duobus neutronibus constat, unde [[Massa atomica|massa atomica 4]] et [[onus electricum]] +2 quod notari potest {{chem|4|2|He|2+}} aut {{chem|4|2|α}}α aut plerumque simplicius α. Haec particula plerumque a gravioribus elementis emittitur ita ut isotopi uranii, exempli gratia, gradatim longo tempore isotopi [[Plumbum|plumbi]] fiant. Exemplum [[Reactio nuclearis|reactionis nuclearis]] ad radium in [[radon]] mutatum pertinens: {{chem|226|88|Ra|}} → {{chem|222|86|Rn|}} + α. Massa atomica quattuor unitatibus et numerus protonum duabus minuitur. * '''Particulae beta''' sunt electrones magna vi e nucleo expulsi dum neutrones in protones mutantur. Quia massam quasi nullam habent et onus electricum -1 notantur {{chem|0|-1|e}}e aut e^- aut β^- aut simplicius β. Ita reactio nuclearis qua [[tritium (chemia)|tritium]] in helium-3 mutatur sic scribitur: {{chem|3|1|H}} → {{chem|3|2|He|}} + {{chem|0|-1|e}}e. Sed post Rutherford etiam particulae β⁺ inventae sunt quae massam quasi nullam habent sed onus positivum +1 et antiparticulae nonnumquam dicuntur et notantur β⁺. Emittuntur cum protones in neutrones mutantur et '''[[positron|positrones]]''' (⁰₊₁e) vulgo dicuntur. Ita reactio nuclearis qua [[natrium]] in [[neon]]-22 mutatur sic scribitur: :{{chem|22|11|Na}} → {{chem|22|10|Ne|}} + ⁰₊₁e. [[Fasciculus:GammaDecay.jpg|thumb|Radiatio gamma energiam nuclei minuit.]] * '''[[Radiatio gamma]]''' est [[radiatio electromagnetica]] [[lux|luci]] similis sed maxima [[frequentia]] (inter 10¹⁷ et 10²⁰ [[hertz]]) et brevissima [[Longitudo undae|undae longitudine]] (circa 1 [[picometrum|pm]]). Nam nucleus atomi photonem unum emittit cum e statu energiae superiore in inferiorem velut quiescit et considit. Itaque radiatio gamma saepe simul cum radiatione alpha aut radiatione beta emittitur. * Minus frequenter etiam protones et neutrones e nucleo magna vi expelli possunt necnon antiparticulae, positrones et [[Antiproton|antiprotones]] (qui massam protonis habent sed onus negativum). Cum particula antiparticulae suae occurrit adnihilantur nec quidquam nisi energia remanet. == In biologia == Radisotopi (e.g. [[cobaltum]]-60) ad necandas [[cellula|cellulas]] cancrosas in [[radiotherapia]] adhibentur quia nimiae [[Radiatio ionizans|radiationis ionizantis]] quantitates animantibus graviter nocent: ambustiones, [[cancer|cancros]]<ref>Amy L. Sherborne, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124715008864 Mutational Analysis of Ionizing Radiation Induced Neoplasms]", ''Cell Reports'', 2015: 1915-1926</ref>, [[Mutatio genetica|mutationes geneticas]]<ref>Jeonghwan Youk et alii, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666979X24000260 Quantitative and qualitative mutational impact of ionizing radiation on normal cells]", ''Cell Genomics'', 2024: 100499.</ref>, radiorum morbum, mortem gignere solent<ref>INRS: [https://www.inrs.fr/risques/rayonnements-ionisants/effets-sur-la-sante.html De radiationibus et salute humana].</ref>. Non tamen aequaliter nocent: nam particulae alpha et neutrones magnae energiae vicies nocentiores aestimantur esse quam particulae beta et radiationes gamma. Quia graviores sunt et onus electricum duplex habent particulae alpha maxima damna efficiunt cum moleculas vehementer percutiunt et electrones abripiunt ut atomi helii fiant. Attamen nisi spiritu aut haustu ingestae intra corpus non facile intrant et iam vestibus aut [[cornu|cornea]] [[cutis]] parte sistuntur. Ingestae vero periculosissimae fiunt: exempli gratia [[plutonium]], elementum maxime toxicum et particulas alpha emittens, facile in Pu⁴⁺ oxidatur et locum [[Ferrum|Fe]]³⁺ in [[Os (anatomia ossis)|ossibus]] capit ubi [[Haematopoiesis|haematopoiesin]] impedit<ref>''[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5c584a2740f0b676d9455c62/Human_biokinetics_of_plutonium_a_compilation_of_experimental_data.pdf Human biokinetics of plutonium: a compilation of experimental data]'', Public England Health, 2018. Baikuntha P Aryal, "[https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3679905/ Plutonium Uptake and Distribution in Mammalian Cells: Molecular vs Polymeric Plutonium]", ''Int J Radiat Biol.'', 2011: 1023–1032.</ref>. Particulae beta facilius in corpus intrant circiter 1 [[Centimetrum|cm]] antequam sistantur sed massa paene nulla damna minora facit. Radii gamma facile corpus transeunt et [[Plumbum|plumbeo]] praesidio tantum arceri possunt. Fasciculus radiorum gamma in unum punctum proiectus cellulas necat<ref>Harvard Natural Sciences Lecture Demonstrations, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20201112020328/https://sciencedemonstrations.fas.harvard.edu/presentations/%CE%B1-%CE%B2-%CE%B3-penetration-and-shielding α, β, γ Penetration and Shielding]''.</ref>. Revera damnum e vi et [[Diuturni temporis|diuturnitate]] radiationis pendet. Nam omnes et semper sine maximo damno radiactivitati solitae et naturali obnoxii sumus, quae ex atomis nostri corporis oritur, imprimis e [[kalium|kalio]]-40 sed et e multis aliis isotopis ut carbonio-14<ref>"[https://www.polymedia.ch/fr/la-radioactivite-dans-le-corps-humain/ La radioactivité dans le corps humain]", ''Revue Polytechnique'', 2019.</ref>; item e radiis [[Cosmos|cosmicis]] qui [[Tellus (planeta)|Tellurem]] attingunt; item e saxis [[radon]]<ref>RadioProtect (2025): ''[https://www.radio-protect.com/post/les-concentrations-de-radon-dans-les-habitations-en-france Les concentrations de radon dans les habitations en France]''</ref> aliave elementa radiactiva includentibus (illae radiationes e solo emanant), postremo etiam pro circiter decima parte ex industria humana<ref>[https://www.openradiation.org/fr/la-radioactivite-ambiante La radioactivité ambiante]. Julien Bourdet, "[https://lejournal.cnrs.fr/articles/la-radioactivite-naturelle-moteur-dune-vie-souterraine-insoupconnee La radioactivité naturelle, moteur d'une vie souterraine insoupçonnée]", ''CNRS Le Journal'': 27.10.2021.</ref>. Itaque ad periculum aestimandum necesse est vim radiationis metiri. == De radiactivitatis mensura == Primum energiam in corpus radiatum inlatam metiti sunt quae 'dosis radiationis exhausta' dicitur et in [[iulium|iuliis]] per [[Chiliogramma|chiliogrammata]] (J/Kg) exprimitur. [[Unitas mensuralis|Unitas]] [[Systema internationale unitatum|SI]] dosis exhaustae est '''[[Gray (unitas)|gray]]''' (nota: Gy) quae 1 J/Kg valet. Olim alia unitas in usu erat quae 'rad' dicebatur atque centesimam partem unius gray valebat (10^-2). Sed ut damna biologica subtilius aestimentur mensura dosis peraequatae (nota H) adhibetur (unitas SI: '''[[Sievert (unitas)|sievert]]''': Sv) quae particulas et [[Textus (biologia)|textus]] distinguit: exempli gratia 1 gray particulae beta aut [[Photon|photonis]] gamma 1 [[Sievert (unitas)|sievert]] valet, sed 1 gray particulae alpha 20 sievert<ref>H = Q X dosis exhausta (Gy).</ref> valet quia damna multo maiora sunt. Radexpositio naturalis media cui obnoxii sumus 2 mSv<ref>Millisievert.</ref> per annum aestimatur. Ita gray quantitatem energiae, sievert autem periculum biologicum metitur. Celeritatem dissilientium (vel tabescentium) nucleorum aut [[Computatorium Geiger|computatorio Geiger]] cum [[gas]] [[argon]] (vel [[neon]]) [[ion|ionizatur]] strepente aut computatorio scintillatorio fulgura in substantia luminifera numerante metiri licet. Unitas systemate internationali praecepta est '''[[Becquerel (unitas)|becquerel]]''' (nota Bq). Becquerel unum = unus nucleus in quadam materia unoquoque [[Secundum|secundo]] semel dissiliens, hoc est radiationem emittens. Olim fuit alia unitas ''curie'' nomine (nota Ci) quae 3,7 X 10¹⁰ becquerel valebat, hoc est activitatem unius grammatis [[Radium|radii]]-226<ref>CRIIRAD, [https://www.criirad.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/CRIIRAD-Fiche-G2-Unites.pdf Trois unités pour la radioactivité et ses effets]. Tableau de conversion.fr.[https://www.tableau-de-conversion.fr/blog/becquerel-unite-radioactivite/ Unités de mesure. Découverte du becquerel : unité de mesure de la radioactivité], 2025.</ref>. Activitas radisotoporum evolvente tempore decrescit postquam pars instabilium nucleorum in atomos stabiles mutata est. Quam evolutionem [[Semivita biologica|semivitis]] metiri solemus, hoc est tempore necessario ut dimidia tantum pars atomorum radiactivorum in aliqua substantia initio praesentium reliqua sit. Semivita uniuscuiusque isotopi propria est. Exempli gratia semivita carbonii-14 5730 annos valet, semivita [[Iodum|iodi]]-131 8.05 dies. Quo brevior est semivita tanto maior est radiactivitas. Haec semivitarum constantia ad [[Archaeologia|archaeologicorum]] inventorum [[datatio|datationem]] adhibetur, imprimis per [[Computatio radiocarbonica|carbonium-14]]. == De usu humano == Radisotopi ad moleculas sequendas et reactiones chemicas investigandas adhibentur: exempli gratia si aqua oxygenio-18 signata uteris certior fies in [[Photosynthesis|photosynthesi]] oxygenium aquae non [[Carbohydratum|carbohydratis]] incorporari sed in atmosphaeram reici. Oxygenii atomi e [[Carbonii dioxidum|dioxido carbonii]] igitur in carbohydrata intrant. Item ad [[bacteria]] e cibis exterminanda<ref>AIEA, ''[https://www.iaea.org/fr/newscenter/news/en-quoi-consiste-lirradiation-des-aliments-et-pourquoi-est-ce-une-technique-importante En quoi consiste l’irradiation des aliments et pourquoi est-ce une technique importante]''</ref> aut ad energiam [[Astronavis|astronavibus]] ministrandam radiationes aptae sunt. Radisotopi longissimae semivitae ut uranium-238 aut kalium-40 ad saxorum datationem adhibentur, inter alia illorum quae e luna proveniunt. In [[Ergasterium atomicum|ergasteriis atomicis]] energia et electricitas producitur neutronibus in atomos graves et fissiles (uranium 233 et 235, [[plutonium]] 239) immittendis qui nucleos in minores partes secant. Et substantiae intrantes et intertrimenta vehementer radiactiva sunt, quae sepeliri post usum quam diligentissime cautissimeque oportet. Nihilominus per [[Millennium|millenia]] aetatibus futuris periculo erunt<ref>Julie Blanck, ''[https://theses.hal.science/tel-03436542/document Gouverner par le temps: la gestion des déchets radioactifs en France, entre changements organisationnels et construction de solutions techniques irréversibles (1950-2014)]'', Sciences Po, 2017. Sophie Poirot-Delpech et Laurence Raineau, «[https://journals.openedition.org/gradhiva/3777#article-3777 Le stockage géologique des déchets nucléaires : une anti-capsule temporelle] », ''Gradhiva'', 2018: 142-169. Leny Patinaux, ''[https://shs.cairn.info/revue-raison-presente-2021-4-page-61?lang=fr Enfouir les déchets nucléaires. Science et décisions face au temps]'', ''Raison présente'', 2021: 61-70</ref>. == Fons praecipuus == *Atkins, Jones, Laverman. ''Principes de chimie'', quarta editio, de Boeck, 2017 pp.747-776 (cap. 10A-10C). == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Pierre-Emmanuel Lévy, "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1279847925001144 Radioactivité, fission, fusion]", ''Médecine de Catastrophe - Urgences Collectives'', 2026: 5-10 *Julie Blanck, Leny Patinaux. "[https://lilloa.hal.science/hal-03330120v1/file/Blanck_Patinaux%20vf%20publi%C3%A9e.pdf Histoires et mémoires de deux centres de stockage de déchets nucléaires]", ''Socio-anthropologie'', 2020: 39-52. == Bibliographia == * Bertulani, Carlos A. [[2007]]. ''Nuclear Physics in a Nutshell.'' Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691125053 * [[Maria Curie|Curie, Marie]]. [[1904]]. ''[https://archive.org/details/recherchessurles00curi/page/n9/mode/2up Recherches sur les substances radioactives],'' editio altera. Lutetiae: Gauthier-Villars, Imprimeur-Libraire du bureau des longitudes, de l’école Polytechnique. * Ferguson, Charles D., Tahseen Kazi, et Judith Perera. [[2003]]. ''Commercial Radiation Sources: Surveying the Security Risks.'' Monterey: Monterey Institute of International Studies. ISBN 1885350066 * Oughton, Deborah H., et Valery Kashparov. [[2009]]. ''Radioactive Particles in the Environment.'' Dordrecht: Springer. ISBN 9789048129478 * Quimby, Edith H. [[1968]]. ''Radioactive Nuclides in Medicine and Biology,'' editio tertia. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Radioactivity|radiactivitatem}} {{NexInt}} * [[Actinium]] * ''[[Hibakusha]]'' * [[Leuchaemia]] * [[Physica nuclearis]] * [[Radiatio Cherenkov]] * [[Radiatio electromagnetica]] * [[Radiatio Roentgensis]] * [[Radiologia]] * [[Semiotica atomica]] [[Categoria:Physica nuclearis]] [[Categoria:Radiactivitas| ]] {{1000 paginae}} {{Myrias|Physica}} piszyxcnz58957hmeq2rn5xrjecdjn6 0 78910 3974345 3958349 2026-07-24T23:15:17Z LilyKitty 18316 de regula epsilon-delta 3974345 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Graph of example function.svg|thumb|250px|[[Graphum (mathematica)|Graphum]] cuiusdam [[functio differentiabilis|functionis differentiabilis]] continuaeque in [[intervallum (mathematica)|intervallo]] [-1,1.5] definitae:<br /> <center><math>\begin{align}&\scriptstyle f \colon [-1,1.5] \to [-1,1.5] \\ &\textstyle x \mapsto \frac{(4x^3-6x^2+1)\sqrt{x+1}}{3-x}\end{align}</math></center>]] '''Continuitas''' in [[topologia]] est [[functio]] [[numerus realis|realis]] [[functio|dominii]] <math>f: I\to\mathbb{R}</math> super [[Intervallum (mathematica)|intervallo]] reali <math>I\subseteq\mathbb{R}</math> continua est, si [[Graphum (mathematica)|graphum]] functionis <math>f</math> stilo non sublato describi potest. Pars [[mathematica]]e quae de functionibus continuis tractat est [[analysis]]; pars quae de rebus discretis tractat est [[mathematica discreta]], in qua sunt [[calculus coniunctionibus]] vel "ars combinatoria," [[arithmetica]] [[numerus integer|integrorum]], et [[probabilitas]]. == Definitio pro functionis realibus == Sunt duae definitiones continuitatis quae aequae sunt: # ''[[Argumentum epsilon-delta|Regula Epsilon-Delta]]''<ref>Harro Heuser, ''Lehrbuch der Analysis. Teil 1.'' 8. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1990. ISBN 3-519-12231-6. '''Definition 34.6'''</ref>:<math> f\colon D \to \R</math> ''continua in <math>x_0 \in D</math>'' est, si <br /> omnibus <math>\varepsilon>0</math> est <math>\delta > 0</math>, ut omnibus numeris dominii <math>x \in D</math>, qui obtemperent <br /> <math>|x - x_0| < \delta</math>, valeat <math>|f(x) - f(x_0)| < \varepsilon </math>. # ''Regula [[sequentia (mathematica)|sequentiarum]]''<ref>Harro Heuser, ''Lehrbuch der Analysis. Teil 1.'' 8. Auflage, B. G. Teubner, Stuttgart 1990. ISBN 3-519-12231-6. S. 212</ref>: <math> f\colon D\to \R</math> est ''continua in <math>x_0 \in D</math>'', si, cum quaelibet sequentia <math>(x_k)_{k\in\N}</math> <math>(x_k\in D)</math> posita est, quae ad <math>x_0</math> convergit, etiam <math>f(x_k)</math> ad <math>f(x_0)</math> convergit. Functio appellatur ''continua in <math>D</math>'', si est continua in locis omnibus dominii. Si est <math> x_0 \in D </math>, ubi functio continua non est, ibi ''discontinua'' appellatur. === Exempla === * Functiones <math>\sin\colon \R \to \R,\; x \mapsto \sin x</math> et <math>\cos \colon \R \to \R,\; x \mapsto \cos x</math> continuae sunt in <math>\R</math>. * [[Signum (functio)|Functio signi]] <math>\ \operatorname{sgn}(x)=\begin{cases}1\ , & x>0\ ,\\ 0\ , & x=0\ ,\\ -1\ , & x<0\ ,\end{cases}</math> <br /> in omnibus locis <math>x \in \R\setminus \{0\}</math> continua est, sed loco 0 discontinua: limes laevus est −1, dexter autem +1 ideoque [[Analysis#Limes|limes]] <math>\lim_{x\to 0}\,\operatorname{sgn}(x)</math> non est. * Functio Dirichlet *: <math>f: \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\ ,\ f(x) := \left\{\begin{array}{ll}1\ ,&x \in \mathbb{Q}\ ,\\0\ ,&x \in \mathbb{R} \setminus \mathbb{Q}\ ,\end{array}\right.</math> :ubique discontinua est. Illustratio functionum discontinuarum: <gallery> File:Jump discontinuity ladlag.svg|Functio discontinua File:Jump discontinuity caglad.svg|Functio quidem discontinua, sed tamen continua ''de laevo latere'' File:Jump discontinuity cadlag.svg|Functio quidem discontinua, sed tamen continua ''de dextro latere'' </gallery> == Definitio pro functionis spatiorum [[Topologia|topologicorum]] == Est defintio usitata: # ''Regula copiarum apertarum'': Sint <math>X</math>et <math>Y</math>spatia topologica, <math>f: X \rightarrow Y</math> functio et <math>x_0 \in X</math>. <math>f</math>continua in <math>x_0</math>est, si pro qualibet circumiecta <math>V</math> a <math>f(x_0)</math>est circumiecta <math>U</math>a <math>x_0</math>, ut <math>f(U) \subset V</math> sit.<ref>Harro Heuser, ''Lehrbuch der Analysis. Teil 2.'' 14. Auflage, Teubner 2012. ISBN 3-835-10208-7, pagina 230</ref> == Theoremata == * Si functiones <math> f </math> et <math> g </math> continuae in [[Analysis#Functio|dominio]] communi <math>D</math> sunt, tum et <math> f + g </math> et <math> f - g </math> et <math> f \cdot g </math> continuae super <math> D </math> sunt; si functioni g insuper nulli loci valoris 0 (id est: nullus est numerus <math> x_0 \in D </math> ut <math> g(x_0)=0 </math>) sint, tum et <math> \frac{f}{g} </math> continua est. * [[compositio (mathematica)|Compositio]] <math> f \circ g </math> duarum functionum continuarum est continua. * '''Continuitas functionis inversae''': :Si <math>I</math> est intervallum in <math>\mathbb{R}</math> et <math>f\colon I\rightarrow\mathbb R</math> est functio continua, rigide crescens aut cadens, tum imago intervalli <math>I</math> sub <math>f</math> est intervallum <math>J</math>, <br /><math>f\colon I\to J</math> est [[functio biiectiva|biiectiva]], et functio inversa <math>f^{-1}\colon J\to I</math> est continua. * '''Theorema valorum omnium acceptorum''': :Si <math>f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}</math> est functio continua, cui <math>a<b</math> et <math>f(a)<f(b)</math> valet, tum omnibus numeris <math>d\in[f(a),f(b)]</math> est <math>x\in[a,b]</math>, ut <math>f(x)=d</math> valeat. :Item in casu <math>f(a)>f(b)</math> et <math>d\in[f(b),f(a)]</math>. * '''Theorema extremitatum acceptarum''': : Si <math>f\colon[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}</math> est functio continua, tum sunt numeri <math>t,h\in[a,b]</math>, ut :: <math>f(t)\leq f(x)\leq f(h)</math> omnibus numeris <math>x\in[a,b]</math> valeat. {{NexInt}} * [[Analysis mathematica]] * [[Functio differentiabilis]] * [[Limes (mathematica)]] * [[Polynomium]] * [[Signum (functio)|Signum]] * [[Theoria copiarum]] * [[Topologia]] == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == * [http://mo.mathematik.uni-stuttgart.de/lexikon/S/stetigkeit.html nexus ad paginam theodiscam continuitatem explicantem] * [http://www.mathematik.de/ger/fragenantworten/erstehilfe/stetigkeit/stetigkeit.html mathematik.de – explicatio visualis regulae Epsilon-Delta]{{Nexus deficit|date=May 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Mathematica]] fikymabdx7d51oascy61r2a07xw3900 0 81183 3974168 3406841 2026-07-24T12:36:04Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974168 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Provincia Abellinas'''<ref>[[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plin.]] ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|nat.]]'' 3.105.</ref><ref>{{dizionario-latino}}</ref> (seu ''provincia Abellinensis'' ac ''provincia Abellini'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Provincia di Avellino|Provincia di Avellino]]'') est [[Provincia Italiae|provincia]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 430&thinsp;214<ref>[http://www.tuttitalia.it/campania/provincia-di-avellino/ www.tuttitalia.it]</ref> incolarum in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Campania]] sita, cuius caput est [[Abellinum]] et cuius signum est '''AV'''. == Historia == === Urbes antiquae === * [[Abella]], * [[Abellinum]], * [[Aequum Tuticum]], * [[Aquilonia (Laquedonia)]], * [[Compsa]], * [[Romulea]]. === Terrae historicae === * [[Ager Baianensis]], * [[Hirpinia]], * [[Samnium]], * [[Vallis Caudina]] seu Vallis Gaudina, * [[Vallum Lauri]] seu Vallum Lauretanum. == Geographia politica == Provincia Abellinas in [[Hirpinia]] regione [[Historia|historica]] ac [[Geographia|geographica]] Italiae sita est. === Municipia in provincia Abellinati === Municipia in provincia Abellinati, cum capite, '''118''' sunt. Urbes, oppida et municipia provinciae Latine vocari possunt. # '''[[Abellinum]]''' # [[Abella (Campania)|Abella]] (Italiane: ''Avella''), # [[Aeculanum]] seu Mirabella (alia nomina: Aeclanum, deinde Aquaputrida, Eclanum, Mirabella Aeculanea) (Italiane: ''Mirabella Eclano''), # [[Ayellum]] (alia nomina: Agellum, Agellum ad Sabatum) (Italiane: ''Aiello del Sabato''), # [[Alta Villa (Provincia Abellinas)|Alta Villa]] (alia nomina: Altavilla, Altavilla Hirpina) (Italiane: ''Altavilla Irpina''), # [[Andrecta]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Andretta|Andretta]]''), # [[Arianum (Campania)|Arianum]] (alia nomina: [[Arianum Hirpinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ariano Irpino|Ariano Irpino]]''), # [[Bajanum]] (alia nomina: [[Badianum (Campania)|Badianum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Baiano|Baiano]]''), # [[Balneoli]] (alia nomina: [[Balneoli Hirpini]], [[Batulum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bagnoli Irpino|Bagnoli Irpino]]''), # [[Bisacia]] (alia nomina: [[Bisacien]]; olim: [[Romulea]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bisaccia|Bisaccia]]''), # [[Bonetus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bonito|Bonito]]''), # [[Cairanum (Campania)|Cairanum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cairano|Cairano]]''), # [[Calabretum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calabritto|Calabritto]]''), # [[Caletrum]] (alia nomina: [[Caletrium]], olim [[Aletrium (Campania)|Aletrium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calitri|Calitri]]''), # [[Candida]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Candida (Italia)|Candida]]''), # [[Caprilia (Campania)|Caprilia]] (alia nomina: [[Caprilia Hirpina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Capriglia Irpina|Capriglia Irpina]]''), # [[Caput Sileris]] (alia nomina: [[Caput Sylaris]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Caposele|Caposele]]''), # [[Carbonaria (Provincia Abellinas)|Carbonaria]] vel [[Aquilonia (Carbonaria)|Aquilonia]] (alia nomina: [[Aquilonia Nova]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Aquilonia|Aquilonia]]''), # [[Carifium]] (alia nomina: [[Callifae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Carife|Carife]]''), # [[Casalium]] (alia nomina: [[Casalium de Sturno]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sturno|Sturno]]''), # [[Casearbor]] (alia nomina: [[Casalis Albulus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Casalbore|Casalbore]]''), # [[Cassanum (Campania)|Cassanum]] (alia nomina: [[Cassanum Hirpinum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cassano Irpino|Cassano Irpino]]''), # [[Castellum Baroniae]] (alia nomina: [[Castrum Baroniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castel Baronia|Castel Baronia]]''), # [[Castrum de Francis]] (seu [[Castrum Francorum (Abellinum)|Castrum Francorum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castelfranci|Castelfranci]]''), # [[Castrum Vetus (Abellinum)|Castrum Vetus]] (alia nomina: [[Castrum Vetus ad Calorem]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Castelvetere sul Calore|Castelvetere sul Calore]]''), # [[Cervinaria]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cervinara|Cervinara]]''), # [[Cesinalium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Cesinali|Cesinali]]''), # [[Clusanum (Campania)|Clusanum]] (alia nomina: [[Clusianum (Campania)|Clusianum]], [[Clusianum Sancti Dominici]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Chiusano di San Domenico|Chiusano di San Domenico]]''), # [[Compsa]] (alia nomina: [[Consa]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Conza della Campania|Conza della Campania]]''), # [[Contrata]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Contrada (Italia)|Contrada]]''), # [[Crypta Castanearia]] (alia nomina: [[Crypta Castagnaria]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Grottolella|Grottolella]]''), # [[Crypta Minarda]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Grottaminarda|Grottaminarda]]''), # [[Domicella]] (alia nomina: [[Domocella]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Domicella|Domicella]]''), # [[Fanum Sanctae Luciae de Serino]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santa Lucia di Serino|Santa Lucia di Serino]]''), # [[Fanum Sanctae Paulinae]] (alia nomina: [[Mons Sancti Felicis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santa Paolina|Santa Paolina]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Andreae Compsae]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Andreae Compsanorum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Andrea di Conza|Sant'Andrea di Conza]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Angeli ad Escas]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Angelo all'Esca|Sant'Angelo all'Esca]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Angeli de Langobardis]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Angeli de Lombardis]], [[Sancti Angeli Civitas]], [[Angelopolis ad Lombardum]], [[Fanum Sancti Angeli Lombardorum]], [[Santangellium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi|Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Angeli de Scala]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Angelo a Scala|Sant'Angelo a Scala]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Magni (Campania)|Fanum Sancti Magni]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Magni ad Calorem]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Mango sul Calore|San Mango sul Calore]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Martini in Valle Gaudina]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Martino Valle Caudina|San Martino Valle Caudina]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Michaelis de Serino]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Michele di Serino|San Michele di Serino]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Nicolai Baroniae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Nicola Baronia|San Nicola Baronia]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Potiti (Abellinum)|Fanum Sancti Potiti]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Potiti de Principato Ultra]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Potito Ultra|San Potito Ultra]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Sosii]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Sosii Baroniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Sossio Baronia|San Sossio Baronia]]''), # [[Fanum Sancti Stephani (Campania)|Fanum Sancti Stephani]] (alia nomina: [[Fanum Sancti Stephani Solis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Santo Stefano del Sole|Santo Stefano del Sole]]''), # [[Flumer]] (alia nomina: [[Flumarum]], [[Frumentum (Campania)|Frumentum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Flumeri|Flumeri]]''), # [[Fons Roseus]] (alia nomina: [[Fontana Rosae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Fontanarosa|Fontanarosa]]''), # [[Forinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Forino|Forino]]''), # [[Frequentum]] (alia nomina: [[Frequentium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Frigento|Frigento]]''), # [[Guardiae Langobardorum]] (alia nomina: [[Guardia Lombardorum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Guardia Lombardi|Guardia Lombardi]]''), # [[Hospidalectum]] (alia nomina: [[Hospitalis Montis Virgini]], [[Hospidalectum Alpinolense]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ospedaletto d'Alpinolo|Ospedaletto d'Alpinolo]]''), # [[Iesualdum]] (alia nomina: [[Jesualdum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gesualdo (Italia)|Gesualdo]]''), # [[Lapigium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lapio|Lapio]]''), # [[Laquedonia]] (alia nomina: [[Aquilonia]], [[Cedonia]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lacedonia|Lacedonia]]''), # [[Laurus (Italia)|Laurus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lauro (Italia)|Lauro]]''), # [[Locus Sanus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Luogosano|Luogosano]]''), # [[Manus Calceatorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Manocalzati|Manocalzati]]''), # [[Marzanum Nolanorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Marzano di Nola|Marzano di Nola]]''), # [[Miletus (Campania)|Miletus]] (alia nomina: [[Miletus Hirpinus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Melito Irpino|Melito Irpino]]''), # [[Merculianum]] (alia nomina: [[Mercurianum]] et [[Castrum Mercuriani]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mercogliano|Mercogliano]]''), # [[Mons Acutus (Campania)|Mons Acutus]] (alia nomina: [[Terra Montis Acuti]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montaguto|Montaguto]]''), # [[Mons Calvus (Campania)|Mons Calvus]] (alia nomina: [[Mons Calvus Hirpinus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montecalvo Irpino|Montecalvo Irpino]]''), # [[Mons Falcio]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montefalcione|Montefalcione]]''), # [[Mons Fortis (Provincia Abellinas)|Mons Fortis]] (alia nomina: [[Mons Fortis Hirpinus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monteforte Irpino|Monteforte Irpino]]''), # [[Mons Fredanus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montefredane|Montefredane]]''), # [[Mons Fuscolus]] (alia nomina: [[Mons Fusculi]], [[Mons Fuscus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montefusco|Montefusco]]''), # [[Mons Maranus]] (alia nomina: [[Mons Marranus]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montemarano|Montemarano]]''), # [[Mons Militum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montemiletto|Montemiletto]]''), # [[Mons Viridis (Italia)|Mons Viridis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monteverde|Monteverde]]''), # [[Montella]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montella|Montella]]''), # [[Montorium (Campania)|Montorium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montoro (Italia)|Montoro]]''), # [[Morra]] (alia nomina: [[Morra Hirpina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Morra De Sanctis|Morra De Sanctis]]''), # [[Munianum (Provincia Abellinas)|Munianum]] (alia nomina: [[Mugnanum (Provincia Abellinas)|Mugnanum]], [[Mungnanum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Mugnano del Cardinale|Mugnano del Cardinale]]''), # [[Muschianum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Moschiano|Moschiano]]''), # [[Nuscum]] (alia nomina: [[Nucras]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Nusco|Nusco]]''), # [[Oppidum Graecorum]] (alia nomina: [[Graeci (Italia)|Graeci]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Greci (Italia)|Greci]]''), # [[Oppidum Rotundorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rotondi|Rotondi]]''), # [[Pagum (Abellinum)|Pagum]] (alia nomina: [[Pagum Valli Lauri]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pago del Vallo di Lauro|Pago del Vallo di Lauro]]''), # [[Parolisium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Parolise|Parolise]]''), # [[Paternum (Campania)|Paternum]] (alia nomina: [[Paternopolis]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Paternopoli|Paternopoli]]''), # [[Petra Fusorum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pietradefusi|Pietradefusi]]''), # [[Petra Stornina]] (alia nomina: [[Petra Sturminea]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pietrastornina|Pietrastornina]]''), # [[Petrurium]] (alia nomina: [[Petrurium Hirpinum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Petruro Irpino|Petruro Irpino]]''), # [[Plancae (Italia)|Plancae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Chianche|Chianche]]''), # [[Prata (Abellinum)|Prata]] (alia nomina: [[Prata de Principatu Ultra]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Prata di Principato Ultra|Prata di Principato Ultra]]''), # [[Pratula Serra]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Pratola Serra|Pratola Serra]]''), # [[Pulcherenus]] (alia nomina: [[Polcarinum]], [[Pulcarinum]], deinde [[Villanova (Campania)]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villanova del Battista|Villanova del Battista]]''), # [[Quadrellae]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Quadrelle|Quadrelle]]''), # [[Quindecium]] (alia nomina: [[Quindecim (Italia)|Quindecim]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Quindici (Italia)|Quindici]]''), # [[Rocca Sancti Felicis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rocca San Felice|Rocca San Felice]]''), # [[Rocca Bascerana]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roccabascerana|Roccabascerana]]''), # [[Saltia]] (alia nomina: [[Saltia Hirpina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Salza Irpina|Salza Irpina]]''), # [[Sabinianum (Campania)|Sabinianum]] (alia nomina: [[Sabinianum Hirpinum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Savignano Irpino|Savignano Irpino]]''), # [[Scampitella]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Scampitella|Scampitella]]''), # [[Serinum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Serino|Serino]]''), # [[Sinerchia]] (alia nomina: [[Senerchia]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Senerchia|Senerchia]]''), # [[Sirignanum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sirignano|Sirignano]]''), # [[Solophra]] (alia nomina: [[Castrum Solofrae]] vel [[Solofra]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Solofra|Solofra]]''), # [[Sorbus (municipium Italiae)|Sorbus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sorbo Serpico|Sorbo Serpico]]''), # [[Spero]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sperone (Italia)|Sperone]]''), # [[Submons (Campania)|Submons]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Summonte|Summonte]]''), # [[Tauranum]] (alia nomina: [[Tauramina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Taurano|Taurano]]''), # [[Taurasium]] (alia nomina: [[Taurasia]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Taurasi|Taurasi]]''), # [[Terra Leonum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lioni|Lioni]]''), # [[Theora]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Teora|Teora]]''), # [[Torraiunum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torrioni|Torrioni]]''), # [[Torrella]] (alia nomina: [[Turrella]] ac [[Turrella Langobardorum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torella dei Lombardi|Torella dei Lombardi]]''), # [[Tripaldum]] (alia nomina: [[Atipaldum]], [[Atripalda]], [[Castellum Atropaldi]]; [[Sabathia]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Atripalda|Atripalda]]''), # [[Trivicum]] (alia nomina: [[Trivicus]], [[Vicus Baroniae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Trevico|Trevico]]''), # [[Tufus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Tufo (Italia)|Tufo]]''), # [[Turris Abellana]] (alia nomina: [[Turris Nucillae]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Torre Le Nocelle|Torre Le Nocelle]]''), # [[Vallata (Provincia Abellinas)|Vallata]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vallata|Vallata]]''), # [[Vallis Saccarda]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Vallesaccarda|Vallesaccarda]]''), # [[Venticanum]] (alia nomina: [[Castrum Venticani]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Venticano|Venticano]]''), # [[Villa Maina]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Villamaina|Villamaina]]''), # [[Vulturaria]] (alia nomina: [[Vulturaria Hirpina]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Volturara Irpina|Volturara Irpina]]''), # [[Zunculus]] === Fractiones === * [[Mons Virginis]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Montevergine (Mercogliano)|Montevergine]]''), === Fines === ==== Provinciae finitimae ==== * [[Provincia Beneventana]], * [[Urbs metropolitana Neapolitana]], * [[Provincia Salernitana]], * [[Provincia Fodiana]] ([[Apulia]]), * [[Provincia Potentina]] ([[Lucania]]). == Geographia physica == === Morphologia === ==== Montes ==== * [[Picentini Montes]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Monti Picentini|Monti Picentini]]''), * [[Terminius Mons]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Monte Terminio|Monte Terminio]]''), * [[Vergilianius Mons]] (seu [[Partenius Mons]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]] ''[[:it:Montevergine (montagna)|Montevergine]]''), === Hydrographia === ==== Flumina ==== * [[Aufidus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ofanto|Ofanto]]''), * [[Calor Beneventanus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Calore Irpino|Calore Irpino]]''), * [[Sabatus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sabato (fiume)|Sabato]]''), * [[Silarus]] (alia nomina: [[Silerus]], [[Siler]], [[Sylar]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sele|Sele]]''), ==== Lacus ==== * [[Compsanus Lacus]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Lago di Conza|Lago di Conza]]''), == Notae == <references/> {{NexInt}} * [[Samnium]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Province of Avellino|Provinciam Abellinatem}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20050121084216/http://www.provincia.avellino.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{geo-stipula}} {{Provinciae et consortiones Italiae}} [[Categoria:Provincia Abellinas|!]] [[Categoria:Abellinum]] moh1gdhuj7zg6pfk2eivqcap89ulszo 0 87699 3974270 3353233 2026-07-24T19:55:48Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974270 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bundesarchiv Bild 102-01258, Hugenberg, von Stephani und Seldte.jpg|thumb|Franciscus Seldte (ad dextram)]] '''Franciscus''' (Theod. ''Franz'') '''Seldte''' (natus [[29 Iunii]] [[1882]] [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]], mortuus [[1 Aprilis]] [[1947]] [[Furtha]]e) vir publicus [[Germania]]e et sodalis primo [[DNVP|Factionis Theodiscae Nationalis Popularis]] (DNVP) et postea factionis [[NSDAP]] erat. == Iuventus et munus == Pater eius fabricam aquae mineralis possidebat. Ipse Magdeburgi maturitatem adeptus, tirocinium mercatoris fecit atque deinde [[Brunsvicum|Brunsvici]] et [[Gryphisvalda]]e Chemiae studebat. Deinde fabricam patris iuvenis mortui diregebat. Ab anno [[1914]] [[primum bellum mundanum|primo bello mundano]] succenturio interfuit et anno [[1916]] graviter sauciatus bracchium laevum amisit. Deinde diurnarius belli laboravit. == Cursus honorum == Anno [[1918]], postquam [[Imperium Germanicum|monarchia Germaniae]] cecidit, Seldte cum aliis Foedus Militum Pugnantium Galea Chalybis ([[Theodisce]]: ''Bund der Frontkämpfer-Stahlhelm'') condidit. Praeterea etiam sodalis DNVP factus et decurio [[Magdeburgum|Magdeburgi]] electus est. Anno [[1931]] sodales [[NSDAP]] [[Adolphus Hitler|Adolpho Hitler]] duce et DNVP [[Hartsburgum|Hartsburgi]] coegit, ut una contra [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rem Publicam Vimarianam]] pugnarent. [[30 Ianuarii]] [[1933]] in consilio ministrorum Hitler [[Administer Imperii Laboris (Germania)|Administer Imperii Laboris]] nominatus est. Electione [[6 Martii]] 1933 etiam legatus [[Dieta Imperii Germanici]] electus est et, ut administer [[labor]]is, ad finem [[dictatura]]e Nazistae mansit. Mense Aprili 1933 factionem [[DNVP]] reliquit atque ad NSDAP accessit. Inter dictaturam Nazistarum Seldte auctoritas non magna fuit. [[23 Maii]] [[1945]] cum aliis administris consilii ministrorum [[Ludovicus Comes Schwerin de Krosigk|Schwerin de Krosigk]] ab alligatis captus est. Seldte, antequam [[belli scelus|belli scelerum]] accusatus est, in captivitate mortuus est. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/SeldteFranz/index.html Curriculum vitae in pagina Musei Theodisci Germanici (lingua Theodisca)] {{Administri Imperii Laboris (Germania)}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Hitler}} {{Consilium Ministrorum Schwerin de Krosigk}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Seldte, Franciscus}} [[Categoria:Nati 1882]] [[Categoria:Alumni Collegii Carolini]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Gryphiswaldensis]] [[Categoria:Administri Imperii Laboris (Germania)]] [[Categoria:Legati Dietae Imperii Germaniae (Res publica Vimariana)]] [[Categoria:Legati Dietae Imperii Germaniae (Dictatura Nazista)]] [[Categoria:Mortui 1947]] [[Categoria:Mortui captivi]] 90ngcda6xfr2x86uitgzko6q4likmad 0 100644 3974359 3315891 2026-07-25T00:06:24Z LilyKitty 18316 de origine nominis 3974359 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} <!-- Cave ne astronomicas huius textus mensuras emendes; e formula {{fn|Data Asteroidum 2000}} automatice inseruntur. --> {{Capsa asteroidis |Numerus = 2622 |Genus = Asteroides Cinguli Principalis |Epocha = {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|epocha}} }} |Axis = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|axis semimaior}} |Perihelion = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|perihelion}} |Aphelion = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|aphelion}} |Periodus = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|periodus}} |Anomalia = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|anomalia media}} |Inclinatio = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|inclinatio}} |Nodus = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|omega}} |Argumentum = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|argumentum}} |Eccentricitas = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|eccentricitas}} |Diametrum = |Massa = |Densitas = |Rotatio h = |Rotatio m = |Tholen = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|spectrum tholen}} |SMASS = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|spectrum smass}} |Magnitudo = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|magnitudo}} |Albedo = {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|albedo}} |Repertor = Ladislaus Brozek |Repertorbrevis = L. Brozek |Repertor2 = |Repertorbrevis2 = |Repertor3 = |Repertorbrevis3 = |Repertor4 = |Repertorbrevis4 = ; |Dies = {{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|repertum}} }} |Annus = {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|repertum}} }} |Designationes = 1981 CM, 1934 CH1, 1972 JJ1, 1972 KB, 1978 NR2, 1978 OD, 1979 WN }} '''2622 {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|nomen}}''',<ref>[[Nomina asteroidum]] iussu [[Unio Astronomica Internationalis|Unionis Astronomicae Internationalis]] imposita sunt.</ref> olim designationibus '''1981 CM''', '''1934 CH1''', '''1972 JJ1''', '''1972 KB''', '''1978 NR2''', '''1978 OD''', et '''1979 WN''' agnitus, est [[asteroides]] [[Systema Solare|systematis solaris]] nostri, [[Asteroides Cinguli Principalis|asteroidibus Cinguli Principalis]] attributus. [[Astronomia|Astronomis]] terrestribus [[magnitudo absoluta|magnitudinem absolutam]] {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|magnitudo}} monstrat. Die [[{{#time:j xg| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|repertum}} }}]] [[{{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|repertum}} }}]] a [[Ladislaus Brozek|Ladislao Brozek]], astronomo apud [[Observatorium Kleť]] versato, repertus est.<ref>{{Harvard MPC Discovery Circumstances}}</ref> In honorem [[Bernardus Bolzano|Bernaldi Bolzano]] nominatus est.<!-- Hic de origine nominis scribendum est. --> Rerum orbitalium ratio [[epocha (astronomia)|epochae]] {{#time:j xg Y| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|epocha}} }} constitit. Qua epocha 2622 {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|nomen}} per dies {{#expr: (365.25 * {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|periodus}}) round 0}} circa solem movebatur. Axem orbitalem habebat [[Unitas astronomica|unitatum astronomicarum]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|axis semimaior}} round 2}} et eccentricitatem {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|eccentricitas}} round 2}}, distans igitur a sole [[perihelion|quam minime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|perihelion}} round 2}}, [[aphelion|quam maxime]] unitatibus {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|aphelion}} round 2}}. [[Inclinatio orbitalis]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|inclinatio}} round 2}}[[gradus (mensura)|°]] reperiebatur, [[anomalia media]] {{#expr: {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|anomalia media}} round 2}}°. <!-- Discovered 1981-Feb-09 by Brozek, L. at Klet <b>Reference:</b> DISCOVERY.DB <b>Last Updated:</b> 2003-08-29 --> == Notae == <references/> == Nexus externi == {{NASA JPL|Data=[http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2622]}} {{systema solare nostrum}} [[Categoria:Asteroides anno {{#time:Y| {{Data Asteroidum 2000|2622|repertum}} }} reperti]] [[Categoria:Asteroides Cinguli Principalis]] tqmxk6kf7qjuu8d2yddkq8cba3qn3jr 0 101517 3974363 3732370 2026-07-25T00:12:18Z LilyKitty 18316 de eponymo 3974363 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Bernard Bolzano.jpg|thumb|Bernardus Bolzano]] ''' Bernardus Placidus Iohannes Nepomucus Bolzano''' ([[Praga]]e die [[5 Octobris]] [[1781]] patre oriundo e [[Italia]] natus; ibidem mortuus die [[18 Decembris]] [[1848]]) fuit [[presbyter]] [[Ecclesia Catholica|catholicus]], [[philosophus]] et [[mathematicus]]. Studium de [[functio]]ne et [[theoria numerorum]] fecit et celeber a duo [[theorema]]tis apud Bolzano. De philosophia, [[idealismus|idealismum]] [[Immanuel Kantius|Kantianum]] et [[Hegel]]ianum. Tamen [[pacifismus|pacifista]] fuit. Asteroides [[2622 Bolzano]] on eius honorem nominatus fuit. ==Nexus externi== * [http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Bolzano.html Biographia apud] Mc Tutor {{Ling|Anglice}} {{scien-bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1781|1848|Bolzano, Bernardus}} [[Categoria:Mathematici Cechiae]] [[Categoria:Philosophi]] [[Categoria:Presbyteri catholici]] rwfu7ncxx0i66zdd2py87ooozv0vxhf 0 114290 3974380 3771151 2026-07-25T01:05:46Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974380 wikitext text/x-wiki {{charta locatrix |Glocestriae |label=Yate |lat_deg =51 |lat_min =32 |lon_deg = -2| lon_min = -24 |position=left |background = |width=250 |float=right |caption= Oppidi collocatio in comitatu Glocestria }} '''Yate''' est oppidum comitatus [[Glocestria]]e in [[Anglia]] occidentali situm. Ibi [[nundinae]] tenebantur ab anno [[1218]].<ref>Samantha Letters, "[http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=40416 Gazetteer of Markets and Fairs in England and Wales to 1516]"</ref> [[Fasciculus:Yate.church.view.arp.jpg|thumb|left|Oppidum Yate e turre ecclesiae visum]] == Coniunctio communium == * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Germania]]) == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Yate}} == Bibliographia == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104032827/http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=51436#s29 Yate (St. Mary)]" in {{Lewis England}} * Welbore St. Clair Baddeley, ''The Place-Names of Gloucestershire: a handbook'' (Glevi: John Bellows, 1913) p. 169 [http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924030976504#page/n199/mode/2up Textus apud archive.org] {{Urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Loci habitati comitatus Glocestriae]] nwa4949fjmpqwurhunuy6wwwbazdmiz 0 114490 3974172 3891478 2026-07-24T12:51:54Z Indoctusbarbarus 212359 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 3974172 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}}{{latinitas|-5}} '''''Anticatones''''' libri amissi [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gai Iulii Caesaris]] sunt. Pauca fragmenta in operibus aliorum scriptorum tradita sunt. Post mortem [[Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis|Catonis]], [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]] suum librum ''Cato'' scripsit, in quo eum adversarium Caesaris valde laudavit; deinde Caesar ''Anticatones'' quasi responsum composuit. [[:fa:آنتی‌کاتو|(Persica → Latina)]] The Anticato erat bipertitus volumen, nunc deperditum, tractatus polemicus in Latin scripsit Iulius Caesar in Augusto 45 a.C.n. contra hostem politicum, Cato Minor. == De tractatu == Postquam Julius Caesar optimates, senatus et Pompeiani fautores, bello apud Thapsum (Apr. 46 a.C.n.), bello civili peractas vicit, Cato in Utica mortem sibi conscivit ne triumphi Caesaris videretur; Cato notus erat propugnator firmissimus petram optimatum commoda. Paucis post mensibus, quaedam opera in laudem Catonis Stoici et Optimatorum Martyris, politico argumento conscripta, et Optimatibus gratias agere quod factioni Caesaris adversaretur. Inter haec opera, unus, qui maxime attentus erat, tractatus, qui inscribitur Laus Catonis (Latine: De laudibus Catonis), quem Cicero mense Aprili anno 46 a.C.n. scripsit, hortante M. Iunio Bruto. [[:it:Anticato|(Italiano → Latina)]] Cicero de opere suo paulo post scripsit; "Nunquam scripsissem id metu temporum propitium [[Virtus|virtutis]], si non putarem scelestum te non paruisse [Bruto] qui me ad scribendum hortatus est et qui mihi tam caram memoriam excitavit. At certe testor me id opus scribere ausum, quod, quamvis invitus, a te rogatus essem. Cupio enim te accusare, quod mihi crimini sit oneris, quod mihi crimen afferri possit; grave in te cadit, et hoc in me acceptum cadit. (Cicero, [[De oratore|De Oratore]], 35). Iustitiae sonum, quo Cicero rationem scribendi politicam occultare conatus est, id procul dubio Caesaris in benevolentia, Bruti maxime cupiebat, appetebat. Cum Caesar Romam ex Africa rediisset die XXV mensis Iulii anno XLVI a.C.n., libellus Ciceronis libello iam late circumfusus est,[4][5] et Caesar, dum in expeditione Hispanica bellum Mundae finiret, anno 45 a.C.n.,[6] opus respondere decrevit. == Primum opus Caesaris == Primum in Ciceronis Laus Catonis oratione scriptum fuit ab A. Hirtio legato Caesaris iussu: opus, quod Cicero dicit in epistola ad Atticum suum die 9 maii, 45 a.C.n., detrectavit figuram Catonis, illi reprehensioni parcius et potius laudanti ipsius Ciceronis. Per idem tempus Brutus, ignotis de causis, textum quoque Catonis in laudem edidit, et Caesar ex [[Hispania]] primum judicium utriusque laudes misit. Caesar, quamquam utrosque risit auctores, laudabat Ciceronem in textu, ut ad eum suffragaretur. [[:fa:آنتی‌کاتو|(Persica → Latina)]] Postquam Caesar ex Africa Romam rediit, quinto decimo Kalendas Augusti anno, Cicero's treatise was probably well-known and circumled. Itaque Caesar, dum bellum civile in Hispania anno 45 a.C.n. sequeretur, scriberet tractatum in Catone, oppugnavit. Hic inscripsit duos tomos tractatus Anticatos (Anti-Cato vel Contra Catonem). [[:it:Anticato|(Italiano → Latina)]] Nullum fragmentum restat; sed ipse Ciceronem valde probabat, etsi Caesar in bellis scripserat. In opere, Caesar singulis argumentis a Cicerone adhibitis in laudem Catonis, quasi concursus oratorius aut "respondere pro tribunali", respondit. Irrisione maxime usus est Caesar, sed obliqua, Ciceronem in Laus sua ratione adoptasse, hominem ad divina, Epicureorum philosophiae morem, quam ipse Cicero, cum Catone, et bonae Romanae societatis parte, dissimilem Caesari contempsit.[11] Aeque ironica verba sunt, quibus Caesar invitavit lectores, ne nimis aspere de scribendo, de industria agile ac nitidum iudicaret: quibus Cicero respondit in Bruto totum corpus Caesaris laudans.[12] == Articuli Related [[:fa:آنتی‌کاتو|(Persica → Latina)]] == * De Bello Civili * Commentarii de bello Gallico * De Bello Alexandrino * V * Canfora, Luciano (1999). Giulio Cesare, il dittatore democratico. Laterza. p. 287. <nowiki>ISBN 88-420-5739-8</nowiki>. == References [[:fa:آنتی‌کاتو|(Persica → Latina)]] == * Vicipaediae conferentes. "Anticato". In Vicipaedia Italica die XX mensis Aprilis anno MMXXIII recognita. == Notae [[:it:Anticato|(Italiano → Latina)]] == * Canfora, p. CCLXXXV. * ^ De eo et de ambiguo rei publicae orientatione Caesar ipse dixit: "Brutus non scit quid velit, sed cupit fortiter" (Plutarch, Brutus, 6, 7). * ^ Canfora, p. CCLXXXVI. * ^ Canfora, p. CCLXXXVII. * ^ Tschiedel (p. 9) credit Ciceronis Laus Catonis venisse ad Caesarem cum iam in Hispania esset. * ^Suetonius, Caesar, 56, i5. * ^ XII, XL. * ^ Epistulae ad Atticum, XIIL 59, 1 . * ^ Plutarch, Caesar, III, IV. * ^ Tacitus, Annal, IV, 34, 4 . * ^ Lucretius, De rerum natura, i, 79^. * ^ 261-262. * Bibliographia * Fontes primi * Cicero, Brutus, Epistolae ad Atticum, Orator. * Plutarchi Vitae Parallelae, Bruti, Caesaris. * Suetonius, Vita Caesarum. * Tacitus, Annal. * Litterae historicae * Lucianus Canfora, Julius Caesar. Dictator Democraticus, Laterza, 2006, <nowiki>ISBN 88-420-8156-6</nowiki>. * H.J. Tschiedel, Caesares Anticato, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftlic == Nexus externi == * [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lsante01/Caesar/cae_anti.html Fragmenta] apud ''[[Bibliotheca Augustana]]'' [[Categoria:Libri deperditi]] [[Categoria:Gaius Iulius Caesar]] [[Categoria:Scripta 45 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Marcus Tullius Cicero]] [[Categoria:Bellum Civile (49-45 a.C.n.)]] [[Categoria:Libri de re politica]] 8rbu2oqgt7iblekjzwei2u7opcrmmav 3974219 3974172 2026-07-24T16:14:43Z IacobusAmor 1163 -6 3974219 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Vicificanda}} {{latinitas|-6}} '''''Anticatones''''' sunt amissi [[Gaius Iulius Caesar|Gaii Iulii Caesaris]] libri. Pauca fragmenta in operibus aliorum [[scriptor]]um tradita sunt. [[Marcus Porcius Cato Uticensis|Catone]] mortuo, [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]] librum ''Cato'' scripsit, in quo eum adversarium Caesaris valde laudavit; deinde Caesar ''Anticatones'' quasi responsum composuit. The{{dubsig}} Anticato erat bipertitus volumen, nunc deperditum, tractatus polemicus in Latin scripsit Iulius Caesar in Augusto 45 a.C.n. contra hostem politicum, Cato Minor. == De tractatu == Postquam Julius Caesar optimates, senatus et Pompeiani fautores, bello apud Thapsum (Apr. 46 a.C.n.), bello civili peractas vicit, Cato in Utica mortem sibi conscivit ne triumphi Caesaris videretur; Cato notus erat propugnator firmissimus petram optimatum commoda. Paucis post mensibus, quaedam opera in laudem Catonis Stoici et Optimatorum Martyris, politico argumento conscripta, et Optimatibus gratias agere quod factioni Caesaris adversaretur. Inter haec opera, unus, qui maxime attentus erat, tractatus, qui inscribitur Laus Catonis (Latine: De laudibus Catonis), quem Cicero mense Aprili anno 46 a.C.n. scripsit, hortante M. Iunio Bruto. Cicero de opere suo paulo post scripsit; "Nunquam scripsissem id metu temporum propitium [[Virtus|virtutis]], si non putarem scelestum te non paruisse [Bruto] qui me ad scribendum hortatus est et qui mihi tam caram memoriam excitavit. At certe testor me id opus scribere ausum, quod, quamvis invitus, a te rogatus essem. Cupio enim te accusare, quod mihi crimini sit oneris, quod mihi crimen afferri possit; grave in te cadit, et hoc in me acceptum cadit. (Cicero, [[De oratore|De Oratore]], 35). Iustitiae sonum, quo Cicero rationem scribendi politicam occultare conatus est, id procul dubio Caesaris in benevolentia, Bruti maxime cupiebat, appetebat. Cum Caesar Romam ex Africa rediisset die XXV mensis Iulii anno XLVI a.C.n., libellus Ciceronis libello iam late circumfusus est,[4][5] et Caesar, dum in expeditione Hispanica bellum Mundae finiret, anno 45 a.C.n.,[6] opus respondere decrevit. == Primum opus Caesaris == Primum in Ciceronis Laus Catonis oratione scriptum fuit ab A. Hirtio legato Caesaris iussu: opus, quod Cicero dicit in epistola ad Atticum suum die 9 maii, 45 a.C.n., detrectavit figuram Catonis, illi reprehensioni parcius et potius laudanti ipsius Ciceronis. Per idem tempus Brutus, ignotis de causis, textum quoque Catonis in laudem edidit, et Caesar ex [[Hispania]] primum judicium utriusque laudes misit. Caesar, quamquam utrosque risit auctores, laudabat Ciceronem in textu, ut ad eum suffragaretur. Postquam Caesar ex Africa Romam rediit, quinto decimo Kalendas Augusti anno, Cicero's treatise was probably well-known and circumled. Itaque Caesar, dum bellum civile in Hispania anno 45 a.C.n. sequeretur, scriberet tractatum in Catone, oppugnavit. Hic inscripsit duos tomos tractatus Anticatos (Anti-Cato vel Contra Catonem). Nullum fragmentum restat; sed ipse Ciceronem valde probabat, etsi Caesar in bellis scripserat. In opere, Caesar singulis argumentis a Cicerone adhibitis in laudem Catonis, quasi concursus oratorius aut "respondere pro tribunali", respondit. Irrisione maxime usus est Caesar, sed obliqua, Ciceronem in Laus sua ratione adoptasse, hominem ad divina, Epicureorum philosophiae morem, quam ipse Cicero, cum Catone, et bonae Romanae societatis parte, dissimilem Caesari contempsit.[11] Aeque ironica verba sunt, quibus Caesar invitavit lectores, ne nimis aspere de scribendo, de industria agile ac nitidum iudicaret: quibus Cicero respondit in Bruto totum corpus Caesaris laudans.[12] == Articuli Related == * De Bello Civili * Commentarii de bello Gallico * De Bello Alexandrino * V * Canfora, Luciano (1999). Giulio Cesare, il dittatore democratico. Laterza. p. 287. <nowiki>ISBN 88-420-5739-8</nowiki>. == References== * Vicipaediae conferentes. "Anticato". In Vicipaedia Italica die XX mensis Aprilis anno MMXXIII recognita. == Notae== * Canfora, p. CCLXXXV. * ^ De eo et de ambiguo rei publicae orientatione Caesar ipse dixit: "Brutus non scit quid velit, sed cupit fortiter" (Plutarch, Brutus, 6, 7). * ^ Canfora, p. CCLXXXVI. * ^ Canfora, p. CCLXXXVII. * ^ Tschiedel (p. 9) credit Ciceronis Laus Catonis venisse ad Caesarem cum iam in Hispania esset. * ^Suetonius, Caesar, 56, i5. * ^ XII, XL. * ^ Epistulae ad Atticum, XIIL 59, 1 . * ^ Plutarch, Caesar, III, IV. * ^ Tacitus, Annal, IV, 34, 4 . * ^ Lucretius, De rerum natura, i, 79^. * ^ 261-262. * Bibliographia * Fontes primi * Cicero, Brutus, Epistolae ad Atticum, Orator. * Plutarchi Vitae Parallelae, Bruti, Caesaris. * Suetonius, Vita Caesarum. * Tacitus, Annal. * Litterae historicae * Lucianus Canfora, Julius Caesar. Dictator Democraticus, Laterza, 2006, <nowiki>ISBN 88-420-8156-6</nowiki>. * H.J. Tschiedel, Caesares Anticato, Darmstadt, Wissenschaftlic == Nexus externi == * [http://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lsante01/Caesar/cae_anti.html Fragmenta] apud ''[[Bibliotheca Augustana]]'' [[Categoria:Libri deperditi]] [[Categoria:Gaius Iulius Caesar]] [[Categoria:Scripta 45 a.C.n.]] [[Categoria:Marcus Tullius Cicero]] [[Categoria:Bellum Civile (49-45 a.C.n.)]] [[Categoria:Libri de re politica]] gv33dn3gpid1zc1husp5y8w97x3ppci 0 123776 3974252 3973886 2026-07-24T19:04:46Z Pippobuono 54500 nomen latine 3974252 wikitext text/x-wiki Hic est index [[commune|communium]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] praefecturae [[Francia|Francicae]], cui subsunt communia 515 numero. [[Fasciculus:Vosges-Position.png|thumb|Situs praefecturae]] [[Fasciculus: Senones vu du Petit Paris.jpg|thumb|Despectus in ''[[ Senones ]]'']] {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88001 | 88270 | [[Les Ableuvenettes]] |- | 88002 | 88500 | [[Ahéville]] |- | 88003 | 88140 | [[Aingeville]] |- | 88004 | 88320 | [[Ainvelle (Vosegus)|Ainvelle]] |- | 88005 | 88110 | [[Allarmont]] |- | 88006 | 88500 | [[Ambacuria]] |- | 88007 | 88410 | [[Ameuvelle]] |- | 88008 | 88700 | [[Anglemont]] |- | 88009 | 88650 | [[Anould]] |- | 88010 | 88170 | [[Aouze]] |- | 88011 | 88380 | [[Arches (Vosegus)|Arches]] |- | 88012 | 88380 | [[Archettes]] |- | 88013 | 88170 | [[Aroffe]] |- | 88014 | 88430 | [[Arrentès-de-Corcieux]] |- | 88015 | 88300 | [[Attignéville]] |- | 88016 | 88260 | [[Attigny (Vosegus)|Attigny]] |- | 88017 | 88300 | [[Aulnois]] |- | 88018 | 88640 | [[Aumontzey]] |- | 88019 | 88300 | [[Autigny-la-Tour]] |- | 88020 | 88300 | [[Autreville (Vosegus)|Autreville]] |- | 88021 | 88700 | [[Autrey (Vosegus)|Autrey]] |- | 88022 | 88140 | [[Auzainvilliers]] |- | 88023 | 88500 | [[Avillers (Vosegus)|Avillers]] |- | 88024 | 88130 | [[Avrainville (Vosegus)|Avrainville]] |- | 88025 | 88630 | [[Avranville]] |- | 88026 | 88600 | [[Aydoilles]] |- | 88027 | 88330 | [[Badménil-aux-Bois]] |- | 88028 | 88460 | [[La Baffe]] |- | 88029 | 88240 | [[Bains-les-Bains]] |- | 88030 | 88270 | [[Bainville-aux-Saules]] |- | 88031 | 88170 | [[Balléville]] |- | 88032 | 88520 | [[Ban-de-Laveline]] |- | 88033 | 88210 | [[Ban-de-Sapt]] |- | 88106 | 88230 | [[Ban-sur-Meurthe-Clefcy]] |- | 88035 | 88640 | [[Barbey-Seroux]] |- | 88036 | 88300 | [[Barville (Vosegus)|Barville]] |- | 88037 | 88120 | [[Basse-sur-le-Rupt]] |- | 88038 | 88130 | [[Battexey]] |- | 88039 | 88500 | [[Baudricourt]] |- | 88040 | 88150 | [[Bayecourt]] |- | 88041 | 88270 | [[Bazegney]] |- | 88042 | 88700 | [[Bazien]] |- | 88043 | 88500 | [[Bazoilles-et-Ménil]] |- | 88044 | 88300 | [[Bazoilles-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88045 | 88300 | [[Beaufremont]] |- | 88046 | 88600 | [[Beauménil]] |- | 88047 | 88270 | [[Begnécourt]] |- | 88048 | 88370 | [[Bellefontaine (Vosegus)|Bellefontaine]] |- | 88049 | 88260 | [[Belmont-lès-Darney]] |- | 88050 | 88600 | [[Belmont-sur-Buttant]] |- | 88051 | 88800 | [[Belmont-sur-Vair]] |- | 88052 | 88260 | [[Belrupt]] |- | 88053 | 88210 | [[Belval (Vosegus)|Belval]] |- | 88054 | 88520 | [[Bertrimoutier]] |- | 88055 | 88450 | [[Bettegney-Saint-Brice]] |- | 88056 | 88500 | [[Bettoncourt]] |- | 88057 | 88490 | [[Le Beulay]] |- | 88058 | 88170 | [[Biécourt]] |- | 88059 | 88430 | [[Biffontaine]] |- | 88060 | 88500 | [[Blémerey (Vosegus)|Blémerey]] |- | 88061 | 88410 | [[Bleurville]] |- | 88062 | 88320 | [[Blevaincourt]] |- | 88063 | 88270 | [[Bocquegney]] |- | 88064 | 88600 | [[Bois-de-Champ]] |- | 88065 | 88260 | [[Bonvillet]] |- | 88066 | 88500 | [[Boulaincourt]] |- | 88068 | 88470 | [[La Bourgonce]] |- | 88069 | 88270 | [[Bouxières-aux-Bois]] |- | 88070 | 88130 | [[Bouxurulles]] |- | 88071 | 88270 | [[Bouzemont]] |- | 88073 | 88130 | [[Brantigny]] |- | 88074 | 88350 | [[Brechainville]] |- | 88075 | 88250 | [[La Bresse]] |- | 88076 | 88600 | [[Brouvelieures]] |- | 88077 | 88700 | [[Brû]] |- | 88078 | 88600 | [[Bruyères]] |- | 88079 | 88140 | [[Boloniacivilla]] |- | 88080 | 88700 | [[Bult]] |- | 88081 | 88540 | [[Bussang]] |- | 88082 | 88110 | [[Celles-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88083 | 88300 | [[Certilleux]] |- | 88084 | 88130 | [[Chamagne]] |- | 88085 | 88640 | [[Champdray]] |- | 88086 | 88600 | [[Ducis Campus|Champ-le-Duc]] |- | 88087 | 88000 | [[Chantraine (commune)|Chantraine]] |- | 88088 | 88240 | [[La Chapelle-aux-Bois]] |- | 88089 | 88600 | [[La Chapelle-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88090 | 88130 | [[Carpinia]] |- | 88091 | 88460 | [[Charmois-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88092 | 88270 | [[Charmois-l'Orgueilleux]] |- | 88093 | 88210 | [[Châtas]] |- | 88094 | 88330 | [[Châtel-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88095 | 88170 | [[Châtenois (Vosegus)|Châtenois]] |- | 88096 | 88410 | [[Châtillon-sur-Saône]] |- | 88097 | 88500 | [[Chauffecourt]] |- | 88098 | 88390 | [[Chaumousey]] |- | 88099 | 88150 | [[Chavelot]] |- | 88100 | 88500 | [[Chef-Haut]] |- | 88101 | 88460 | [[Cheniménil]] |- | 88102 | 88630 | [[Chermisey]] |- | 88103 | 88270 | [[Circourt]] |- | 88104 | 88300 | [[Circourt-sur-Mouzon]] |- | 88105 | 88410 | [[Claudon]] |- | 88107 | 88630 | [[Clérey-la-Côte]] |- | 88108 | 88240 | [[Le Clerjus]] |- | 88109 | 88120 | [[Cleurie]] |- | 88110 | 88700 | [[Clézentaine]] |- | 88111 | 88100 | [[Coinches]] |- | 88112 | 88490 | [[Colretum]] |- | 88113 | 88490 | [[Combrimont]] |- | 88114 | 88140 | [[Gundrecivilla]] |- | 88115 | 88430 | [[Corcieux]] |- | 88116 | 88310 | [[Cornimont]] |- | 88117 | 88170 | [[Courcelles-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88118 | 88630 | [[Coussey]] |- | 88119 | 88140 | [[Crainvilliers]] |- | 88120 | 88520 | [[La Croix-aux-Mines]] |- | 88121 | 88330 | [[Damas-aux-Bois]] |- | 88122 | 88270 | [[Damas-et-Bettegney]] |- | 88123 | 88320 | [[Damblain]] |- | 88124 | 88260 | [[Darney]] |- | 88125 | 88170 | [[Darney-aux-Chênes]] |- | 88126 | 88390 | [[Darnieulles]] |- | 88127 | 88700 | [[Deinvillers]] |- | 88128 | 88210 | [[Denipaire]] |- | 88129 | 88270 | [[Derbamont]] |- | 88130 | 88600 | [[Destord]] |- | 88131 | 88600 | [[Deycimont]] |- | 88132 | 88000 | [[Deyvillers]] |- | 88133 | 88000 | [[Dignonville]] |- | 88134 | 88000 | [[Dinozé]] |- | 88135 | 88460 | [[Docelles]] |- | 88136 | 88000 | [[Dogneville]] |- | 88137 | 88170 | [[Dolaincourt]] |- | 88138 | 88260 | [[Dombasle-devant-Darney]] |- | 88139 | 88500 | [[Dombasle-en-Xaintois]] |- | 88140 | 88140 | [[Dombrot-le-Sec]] |- | 88141 | 88170 | [[Dombrot-sur-Vair]] |- | 88144 | 88500 | [[Domèvre-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88142 | 88390 | [[Domèvre-sur-Avière]] |- | 88143 | 88330 | [[Domèvre-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88145 | 88600 | [[Domfaing]] |- | 88146 | 88800 | [[Domjulien]] |- | 88147 | 88390 | [[Dommartin-aux-Bois]] |- | 88148 | 88200 | [[Domnus Martinus (Romaricus Mons)]] |- | 88149 | 88260 | [[Dommartin-lès-Vallois]] |- | 88150 | 88170 | [[Dommartin-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88151 | 88270 | [[Donoparium]] |- | 88152 | 88600 | [[Dompierre (Vosegus)|Dompierre]] |- | 88153 | 88700 | [[Domptail]] |- | 88154 | 88630 | [[Domnum Remigium]] |- | 88155 | 88500 | [[Domvallier]] |- | 88156 | 88700 | [[Doncières]] |- | 88157 | 88220 | [[Dounoux]] |- | 88158 | 88510 | [[Éloyes]] |- | 88159 | 88650 | [[Entre-deux-Eaux]] |- | 88160 | 88000 | [[Spinalium]] |- | 88161 | 88260 | [[Escles]] |- | 88162 | 88260 | [[Esley]] |- | 88163 | 88130 | [[Essegney]] |- | 88164 | 88500 | [[Estrennes]] |- | 88165 | 88480 | [[Étival-Clairefontaine]] |- | 88166 | 88450 | [[Évaux-et-Ménil]] |- | 88167 | 88460 | [[Faucompierre]] |- | 88168 | 88700 | [[Fauconcourt]] |- | 88169 | 88600 | [[Fays (Vosegus)|Fays]] |- | 88170 | 88360 | [[Ferdrupt]] |- | 88171 | 88410 | [[Fignévelle]] |- | 88172 | 88600 | [[Fiménil]] |- | 88173 | 88130 | [[Florémont]] |- | 88174 | 88390 | [[Fomerey]] |- | 88175 | 88600 | [[Fontenay (Vosegus)|Fontenay]] |- | 88176 | 88240 | [[Fontenoy-le-Château]] |- | 88177 | 88530 | [[La Forge (Vosegus)|La Forge]] |- | 88178 | 88390 | [[Les Forges (Vosegus)|Les Forges]] |- | 88179 | 88320 | [[Fouchécourt (Vosegus)|Fouchécourt]] |- | 88180 | 88320 | [[Frain]] |- | 88181 | 88230 | [[Fraize]] |- | 88182 | 88490 | [[Frapelle]] |- | 88183 | 88630 | [[Frebécourt]] |- | 88184 | 88600 | [[Fremifontaine]] |- | 88185 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Grande]] |- | 88186 | 88500 | [[Frenelle-la-Petite]] |- | 88187 | 88270 | [[Frénois (Vosegus)|Frénois]] |- | 88188 | 88160 | [[Fresse-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88189 | 88350 | [[Fréville (Vosegus)|Fréville]] |- | 88190 | 88440 | [[Frizon]] |- | 88192 | 88270 | [[Gelvécourt-et-Adompt]] |- | 88193 | 88520 | [[Gemaingoutte]] |- | 88194 | 88170 | [[Gemmelaincourt]] |- | 88195 | 88140 | [[Gendreville]] |- | 88196 | 88400 | [[Gérardmer]] |- | 88197 | 88120 | [[Gerbamont]] |- | 88198 | 88430 | [[Gerbépal]] |- | 88199 | 88320 | [[Gignéville]] |- | 88200 | 88390 | [[Gigney]] |- | 88201 | 88390 | [[Girancourt]] |- | 88202 | 88500 | [[Gircourt-lès-Viéville]] |- | 88203 | 88600 | [[Girecourt-sur-Durbion]] |- | 88205 | 88340 | [[Girmont-Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88206 | 88170 | [[Gironcourt-sur-Vraine]] |- | 88208 | 88410 | [[Godoncourt]] |- | 88209 | 88190 | [[Golbey]] |- | 88210 | 88270 | [[Gorhey]] |- | 88212 | 88350 | [[Grand (Vosegus)|Grand]] |- | 88213 | 88490 | [[Magna Fossa]] |- | 88215 | 88210 | [[Grandrupt]] |- | 88214 | 88240 | [[Grandrupt-de-Bains]] |- | 88216 | 88600 | [[Grandvillers]] |- | 88218 | 88640 | [[Granges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88219 | 88630 | [[Greux]] |- | 88220 | 88410 | [[Grignoncourt]] |- | 88221 | 88240 | [[Gruey-lès-Surance]] |- | 88222 | 88600 | [[Gugnécourt]] |- | 88223 | 88450 | [[Gugney-aux-Aulx]] |- | 88224 | 88330 | [[Hadigny-les-Verrières]] |- | 88225 | 88220 | [[Hadol]] |- | 88226 | 88270 | [[Hagécourt]] |- | 88227 | 88300 | [[Hagnéville-et-Roncourt]] |- | 88228 | 88330 | [[Haillainville]] |- | 88229 | 88300 | [[Harchéchamp]] |- | 88230 | 88700 | [[Hardancourt]] |- | 88231 | 88800 | [[Haréville]] |- | 88232 | 88300 | [[Harmonville]] |- | 88233 | 88270 | [[Harol]] |- | 88234 | 88240 | [[Harsault]] |- | 88235 | 88240 | [[Hautmougey]] |- | 88236 | 88240 | [[La Haye (Vosegus)|La Haye]] |- | 88237 | 88270 | [[Hennecourt]] |- | 88238 | 88260 | [[Hennezel]] |- | 88239 | 88130 | [[Hergugney]] |- | 88240 | 88600 | [[Herpelmont]] |- | 88241 | 88170 | [[Houécourt]] |- | 88242 | 88300 | [[Houéville]] |- | 88243 | 88700 | [[Housseras]] |- | 88244 | 88430 | [[La Houssière]] |- | 88245 | 88210 | [[Hurbache]] |- | 88246 | 88500 | [[Hymont]] |- | 88247 | 88150 | [[Igney (Vosegus)|Igney]] |- | 88248 | 88320 | [[Isches]] |- | 88249 | 88300 | [[Jainvillotte]] |- | 88250 | 88550 | [[Jarménil]] |- | 88251 | 88700 | [[Jeanménil]] |- | 88252 | 88260 | [[Jésonville]] |- | 88253 | 88000 | [[Jeuxey]] |- | 88254 | 88500 | [[Jorxey]] |- | 88255 | 88630 | [[Jubainville]] |- | 88256 | 88640 | [[Jussarupt]] |- | 88257 | 88500 | [[Juvaincourt]] |- | 88258 | 88320 | [[Lamarche]] |- | 88259 | 88300 | [[Landaville]] |- | 88260 | 88130 | [[Langley (Vosegus)|Langley]] |- | 88261 | 88600 | [[Laval-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88262 | 88600 | [[Laveline-devant-Bruyères]] |- | 88263 | 88640 | [[Laveline-du-Houx]] |- | 88264 | 88270 | [[Légéville-et-Bonfays]] |- | 88265 | 88300 | [[Lemmecourt]] |- |} {| class="wikitable sortable" ! [[INSEE|Numerus INSEE]] ! [[Numerus cursualis]] ! [[Commune]] |- | 88266 | 88600 | [[Lépanges-sur-Vologne]] |- | 88267 | 88260 | [[Lerrain]] |- | 88268 | 88490 | [[Lesseux]] |- | 88269 | 88400 | [[Liézey]] |- | 88270 | 88350 | [[Liffol-le-Grand]] |- | 88271 | 88800 | [[Lignéville]] |- | 88272 | 88410 | [[Lironcourt]] |- | 88273 | 88000 | [[Longchamp (Vosegus)|Longchamp]] |- | 88274 | 88170 | [[Longchamp-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88275 | 88490 | [[Lubine]] |- | 88276 | 88490 | [[Lusse]] |- | 88277 | 88110 | [[Luvigny]] |- | 88278 | 88170 | [[Maconcourt]] |- | 88279 | 88270 | [[Madecourt]] |- | 88280 | 88450 | [[Madegney]] |- | 88281 | 88270 | [[Madonne-et-Lamerey]] |- | 88282 | 88240 | [[Le Magny (Vosegus)|Le Magny]] |- | 88283 | 88140 | [[Malaincourt]] |- | 88284 | 88650 | [[Mandray]] |- | 88285 | 88800 | [[Mandres-sur-Vair]] |- | 88286 | 88130 | [[Marainville-sur-Madon]] |- | 88287 | 88320 | [[Marey (Vosegus)|Marey]] |- | 88288 | 88270 | [[Maroncourt]] |- | 88289 | 88320 | [[Martigny-les-Bains]] |- | 88290 | 88300 | [[Martigny-les-Gerbonvaux]] |- | 88291 | 88410 | [[Martinvelle]] |- | 88292 | 88500 | [[Mattaincourt]] |- | 88293 | 88630 | [[Maxey-sur-Meuse]] |- | 88294 | 88150 | [[Mazeley]] |- | 88295 | 88500 | [[Mazirot]] |- | 88296 | 88140 | [[Médonville]] |- | 88297 | 88600 | [[Méménil]] |- | 88298 | 88700 | [[Ménarmont]] |- | 88302 | 88160 | [[Le Ménil]] |- | 88300 | 88210 | [[Ménil-de-Senones]] |- | 88299 | 88500 | [[Mansile in Sanctesio]] |- | 88301 | 88700 | [[Ménil-sur-Belvitte]] |- | 88303 | 88630 | [[Midrevaux]] |- | 88304 | 88500 | [[Mirecurtium]] |- | 88305 | 88630 | [[Moncel-sur-Vair]] |- | 88306 | 88210 | [[Le Mont]] |- | 88309 | 88800 | [[Monthureux-le-Sec]] |- | 88310 | 88410 | [[Monthureux-sur-Saône]] |- | 88307 | 88320 | [[Mont-lès-Lamarche]] |- | 88308 | 88300 | [[Mont-lès-Neufchâteau]] |- | 88311 | 88240 | [[Montmotier]] |- | 88312 | 88170 | [[Morelmaison]] |- | 88313 | 88330 | [[Moriville]] |- | 88314 | 88320 | [[Morizécourt]] |- | 88315 | 88600 | [[Mortagne (Vosegus)|Mortagne]] |- | 88316 | 88140 | [[Morville (Vosegus)|Morville]] |- | 88317 | 88210 | [[Moussey (Vosegus)|Moussey]] |- | 88318 | 88700 | [[Moyemont]] |- | 88319 | 88420 | [[Moyenmoutier]] |- | 88320 | 88100 | [[Nayemont-les-Fosses]] |- | 88321 | 88300 | [[Neocastrum (Francia)|Neocastrum]] |- | 88322 | 88600 | [[La Neuveville-devant-Lépanges]] |- | 88324 | 88170 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Châtenois]] |- | 88325 | 88800 | [[La Neuveville-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88326 | 88100 | [[Neuvillers-sur-Fave]] |- | 88327 | 88440 | [[Nomexy]] |- | 88328 | 88470 | [[Nompatelize]] |- | 88330 | 88260 | [[Nonville (Vosegus)|Nonville]] |- | 88331 | 88600 | [[Nonzeville]] |- | 88332 | 88800 | [[Norroy]] |- | 88333 | 88700 | [[Nossoncourt]] |- | 88334 | 88500 | [[Oëlleville]] |- | 88335 | 88500 | [[Offroicourt]] |- | 88336 | 88170 | [[Ollainville (Vosegus)|Ollainville]] |- | 88338 | 88700 | [[Ortoncourt]] |- | 88340 | 88700 | [[Padoux]] |- | 88341 | 88100 | [[Pair-et-Grandrupt]] |- | 88342 | 88330 | [[Pallegney]] |- | 88343 | 88800 | [[Parey-sous-Montfort]] |- | 88344 | 88350 | [[Pargny-sous-Mureau]] |- | 88345 | 88490 | [[La Petite-Fosse]] |- | 88346 | 88210 | [[La Petite-Raon]] |- | 88347 | 88270 | [[Petraficta (Vosegus)|Petraficta]] |- | 88348 | 88600 | [[Petreus Pons]] |- | 88349 | 88230 | [[Plenifesium]] |- | 88350 | 88170 | [[Pluvesia]] |- | 88351 | 88370 | [[Plumberae]] |- | 88352 | 88300 | [[Pomperra (Vosegus)|Pomperra]] |- | 88353 | 88260 | [[Pons iuxta Undinovilla]] |- | 88354 | 88500 | [[Pont-sur-Madon]] |- | 88355 | 88330 | [[Portus Caelorum]] |- | 88356 | 88600 | [[Les Poulières]] |- | 88357 | 88500 | [[Portus Suavis]] |- | 88358 | 88550 | [[Pouxeux]] |- | 88359 | 88600 | [[Prey (Vosegus)|Prey]] |- | 88360 | 88260 | [[Provenchères-lès-Darney]] |- | 88361 | 88490 | [[Provenchères-et-Colroy]] |- | 88362 | 88210 | [[Le Puid]] |- | 88363 | 88630 | [[Purneretum]] |- | 88364 | 88500 | [[Puzieux (Vosegus)|Puzieux]] |- | 88365 | 88270 | [[Racécourt]] |- | 88366 | 88170 | [[Radalli villa]] |- | 88367 | 88700 | [[Rambervilleriae]] |- | 88368 | 88500 | [[Rancuria]] |- | 88369 | 88160 | [[Romarici campus]] |- | 88370 | 88270 | [[Radonis curtis]] |- | 88371 | 88220 | [[Rapo ad Silvas]] |- | 88372 | 88110 | [[Rapo ad Stationem]] |- | 88373 | 88110 | [[Raon-sur-Plaine]] |- | 88374 | 88130 | [[Rapey]] |- | 88375 | 88520 | [[Raves (Vosegus)|Raves]] |- | 88376 | 88300 | [[Ribovilla]] |- | 88377 | 88410 | [[Rainharii villa]] |- | 88378 | 88450 | [[Regney]] |- | 88379 | 88330 | [[Ranconis curtis]] |- | 88380 | 88640 | [[Rehaupal]] |- | 88381 | 88260 | [[Relangia]] |- | 88382 | 88500 | [[Rimacuria]] |- | 88383 | 88200 | [[Romarici Mons]] |- | 88386 | 88100 | [[Remomeix]] |- | 88385 | 88800 | [[Romulficuria]] |- | 88387 | 88170 | [[Ramaldi villa]] |- | 88388 | 88390 | [[Renauvoid]] |- | 88389 | 88500 | [[Reparium]] |- | 88390 | 88320 | [[Roberticuria]] |- | 88391 | 88120 | [[Rochesson]] |- | 88394 | 88320 | [[Romania ad Silvas]] |- | 88395 | 88700 | [[Rotmundum]] |- | 88398 | 88600 | [[Les Rouges-Eaux]] |- | 88399 | 88460 | [[Le Roulier]] |- | 88400 | 88500 | [[Ruvera in Sanctesio]] |- | 88401 | 88170 | [[Roverium (Vosegus)|Roverium]] |- | 88402 | 88700 | [[Rovilla ad Quercus]] |- | 88403 | 88500 | [[Roserota]] |- | 88404 | 88320 | [[Roseriae supra Mosunam]] |- | 88406 | 88130 | [[Rugney]] |- | 88407 | 88630 | [[Ruppes]] |- | 88408 | 88360 | [[Rupt-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88409 | 88120 | [[Saint-Amé]] |- | 88411 | 88260 | [[Sanctus Basolimons]] |- | 88412 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Benedictus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Benedictus]] |- | 88413 | 88100 | [[Sanctus Deodatus (urbs)|Sanctus Deodatus]] |- | 88410 | 88700 | [[Sancta Barbara (Vosegus)|Sancta Barbara]] |- | 88418 | 88700 | [[Sancta Helena (Vosegus)|Sancta Helena]] |- | 88424 | 88100 | [[Sancta Margareta (Vosegus)|Sancta Margareta]] |- | 88415 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Stephanus ultra Mosellam]] |- | 88416 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Genesius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Genesius]] |- | 88417 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Gorgonius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Gorgonius]] |- | 88419 | 88210 | [[Saint-Jean-d'Ormont]] |- | 88421 | 88410 | [[Sanctus Iulianus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Iulianus]] |- | 88423 | 88650 | [[Sanctus Leonardus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Leonardus]] |- | 88425 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Mauricius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Mauricius]] |- | 88426 | 88560 | [[Saint-Maurice-sur-Moselle]] |- | 88427 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Memmius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Memmius]] |- | 88428 | 88470 | [[Saint-Michel-sur-Meurthe]] |- | 88429 | 88200 | [[Sanctus Nabor (Vosegus)|Sanctus Nabor]] |- | 88430 | 88140 | [[Sanctus Audoenus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Audoenus]] |- | 88431 | 88170 | [[Sanctus Paulus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Paulus]] |- | 88432 | 88700 | [[Sanctus Petrimons]] |- | 88433 | 88500 | [[Sanctus Pancratius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Pancratius]] |- | 88434 | 88800 | [[Sancti Remigii Mons (Vosegus)|Sancti Remigii Mons]] |- | 88435 | 88480 | [[Sanctus Remigius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Remigius]] |- | 88436 | 88210 | [[Sanctus Stephanus (Vosegus)|Sanctus Stephanus]] |- | 88437 | 88270 | [[Sanctus Valerius (Vosegus)|Sanctus Valerius]] |- | 88438 | 88470 | [[La Salle (Vosegus)|La Salle]] |- | 88439 | 88390 | [[Sanchey]] |- | 88440 | 88170 | [[Sandaucuria]] |- | 88441 | 88260 | [[Sans-Vallois]] |- | 88442 | 88120 | [[Sapois (Vosegus)|Sapois]] |- | 88443 | 88300 | [[Sartes]] |- | 88444 | 88210 | [[Le Saulcy]] |- | 88445 | 88580 | [[Salicetum (Vosegus)|Salicetum]] |- | 88446 | 88140 | [[Salsurae (Vosegus)|Salsurae]] |- | 88447 | 88290 | [[Salsuriae]] |- | 88448 | 88140 | [[Seivilla]] |- | 88449 | 88130 | [[Saviniacum (Vosegus)|Saviniacum]] |- | 88450 | 88320 | [[Senagda]] |- | 88451 | 88210 | [[Senonia (Vosegus)|Senonia]] |- | 88452 | 88260 | [[Senonges]] |- | 88453 | 88630 | [[Seromons]] |- | 88454 | 88600 | [[Sarcus (Vosegus)|Sarcus]] |- | 88455 | 88320 | [[Sirecuria]] |- | 88456 | 88320 | [[Serocourt]] |- | 88457 | 88630 | [[Seona (Vosegus)|Seona]] |- | 88458 | 88130 | [[Solicuria]] |- | 88459 | 88170 | [[Soncuria]] |- | 88460 | 88630 | [[Solicia]] |- | 88461 | 88140 | [[Serewavilla]] |- | 88462 | 88120 | [[Le Syndicat]] |- | 88463 | 88100 | [[Tinctorivus]] |- | 88464 | 88460 | [[Tendon (Vosegus)|Tendon]] |- | 88465 | 88150 | [[Tado]] |- | 88466 | 88800 | [[Tillia]] |- | 88467 | 88290 | [[Thiéfosse]] |- | 88468 | 88160 | [[Le Thillot]] |- | 88469 | 88500 | [[Tirocuria]] |- | 88470 | 88530 | [[Le Tholy]] |- | 88471 | 88410 | [[Les Thons]] |- | 88472 | 88260 | [[Thuillières]] |- | 88473 | 88320 | [[Tignécourt]] |- | 88474 | 88300 | [[Tellum (Vosegus)|Tellum]] |- | 88475 | 88320 | [[Toteleni curtis]] |- | 88476 | 88500 | [[Totoni villa]] |- | 88477 | 88350 | [[Trampodium]] |- | 88478 | 88300 | [[Tranculfi villa]] |- | 88479 | 88240 | [[Trémonzey]] |- | 88480 | 88130 | [[Ubexy]] |- | 88481 | 88220 | [[Uriménil]] |- | 88482 | 88140 | [[Eurivilla]] |- | 88483 | 88390 | [[Ursiniacum]] |- | 88484 | 88220 | [[Usminga]] |- | 88485 | 88140 | [[La Vacheresse-et-la-Rouillie]] |- | 88486 | 88120 | [[Vainiacum]] |- | 88487 | 88340 | [[Le Val-d'Ajol]] |- | 88488 | 88270 | [[Valefridicurtis]] |- | 88489 | 88270 | [[Vallis Regia (Vosegus)|Vallis Regia]] |- | 88490 | 88800 | [[Vallis Regia Sicca]] |- | 88491 | 88260 | [[Tres Valesii]] |- | 88492 | 88230 | [[Le Valtin]] |- | 88493 | 88450 | [[Varmonzey]] |- | 88494 | 88500 | [[Vaubexy]] |- | 88495 | 88000 | [[Waldinivilla]] |- | 88496 | 88140 | [[Valdonis curtis (Vosegus)|Valdonis curtis]] |- | 88497 | 88330 | [[Wauxoncuria]] |- | 88498 | 88200 | [[Vecoux]] |- | 88499 | 88270 | [[Velotte-et-Tatignécourt]] |- | 88500 | 88310 | [[Ventron]] |- | 88501 | 88210 | [[Le Vermont]] |- | 88502 | 88600 | [[Vervezelle]] |- | 88503 | 88110 | [[Vexaincourt]] |- | 88504 | 88170 | [[Vicherey]] |- | 88505 | 88430 | [[Vienville]] |- | 88506 | 88210 | [[Vieux-Moulin (Vosegus)|Vieux-Moulin]] |- | 88507 | 88500 | [[Villers (Vosegus)|Villers]] |- | 88508 | 88270 | [[Ville-sur-Illon]] |- | 88509 | 88150 | [[Villoncourt]] |- | 88510 | 88320 | [[Villotte]] |- | 88511 | 88350 | [[Villouxel]] |- | 88512 | 88600 | [[Viménil]] |- | 88513 | 88450 | [[Vincey]] |- | 88514 | 88170 | [[Viocourt]] |- | 88515 | 88260 | [[Vioménil]] |- | 88516 | 88800 | [[Vittel]] |- | 88517 | 88260 | [[Viviers-le-Gras]] |- | 88518 | 88500 | [[Viviers-lès-Offroicourt]] |- | 88519 | 88470 | [[La Voivre (Vosegus)|La Voivre]] |- | 88520 | 88240 | [[Les Voivres]] |- | 88521 | 88700 | [[Vomécourt]] |- | 88522 | 88500 | [[Vomécourt-sur-Madon]] |- | 88523 | 88170 | [[Vouxey]] |- | 88524 | 88140 | [[Vrécourt]] |- | 88525 | 88500 | [[Vroville]] |- | 88526 | 88520 | [[Wisembach]] |- | 88527 | 88700 | [[Xaffévillers]] |- | 88528 | 88460 | [[Xamontarupt]] |- | 88529 | 88130 | [[Xaronval]] |- | 88530 | 88220 | [[Scatiniacum]] |- | 88531 | 88400 | [[Xonrupt-Longemer]] |- | 88532 | 88330 | [[Zincourt]] |} {{Indices communium praefecturarum Franciae}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi|!]] kp2rz02rs8n8ii1fh0v50l98o0eu02p 0 123927 3974347 3641664 2026-07-24T23:16:43Z LilyKitty 18316 de continuitate 3974347 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Argumentum epsilon-delta''' est definitio [[limes_(mathematica)|limitis]], in [[mathematica]]. Definitio dicit: :<math>\lim_{x \rightarrow a} f(x) = b</math> significat :<math>\forall \epsilon>0 \exists \delta>0\ \text{ut}\ 0<|x-a| < \delta \Rightarrow |f(x)-b| < \epsilon</math> Hoc est, si vis valorem f(x) esse prope [[quantitas variabilis|quantitatem]] b, modo elege valorem x qui sit satis prope [[valor]]em a.<ref>G. H. Hardy, ''Course in Pure Mathematics,'' 8a ed., Cambridge, 1952, p. 177</ref> Exempli gratia, quid sit <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow 2} x^2</math> rogamus. Estne 4? Si <math>|x^2 - 4| < \epsilon</math>, deinde scimus vel <math>(x^2 - 4) < \epsilon</math> (si x² > 4) vel <math>(4 - x^2) < \epsilon</math> (si x² < 4). Casus primus: si <math>x^2 - 4 < \epsilon</math>, deinde <math>(x + 2)(x - 2) < \epsilon</math>, et <math>x - 2 < \frac{\epsilon}{x + 2}</math>. (Quod x est prope 2, licet dicere x + 2 > 0.) Et, si x² > 4, scimus x > 2. Casus alter: si <math>4 - x^2 < \epsilon</math>, deinde <math>(2 + x)(2 - x) < \epsilon</math>, tum <math>2 - x < \frac{\epsilon}{2 + x}</math>, hoc est <math>-(x - 2) < \frac{\epsilon}{x + 2}</math>, et hic est casus ubi x < 2. Habemus ergo: <math>|x - 2| < \frac{\epsilon}{x + 2}</math>, quod est &delta;. Si vis x² esse proximum 4, igitur, valorem x elege sicut quantitas &delta; est satis parva. Si vis habere x² inter 3.99 et 4.01, &epsilon; = 0.01. Tum <math>2 - x < \frac{\epsilon}{x + 2} = \frac{0.01}{x + 2} < x - 2</math>. Si x = 2.1, <math>\frac{0.01}{x + 2} = 1/410</math>, et <math>x^2 \approx 4.0098</math>, ut voluisti. Et limes est 4. Functio dicitur [[continuitas (mathematica)|continua]] si, omnibus x in eius dominio, <math>\lim_{x \rightarrow a} = f(a)</math>. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} *[[Carolus Weierstraß]] *[[Continuitas (mathematica)|Continuitas]] *[[Epsilon]] *[[Delta]] [[Categoria:Analysis]] hvk1bb5drgaoch57l3tgojni7qgldrr 0 124164 3974446 3520176 2026-07-25T11:16:45Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974446 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Rocha Sancti Stephani''' (alia nomina: ''Rocca Sancti Stephani'' ac ''Arx Sancti Stephani'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rocca Santo Stefano|Rocca Santo Stefano]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] circiter 1&thinsp;034 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Latium|Latio]] et in [[Provincia Romana]] situm. Incolae ''Rochatani'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == * [[Oppidum Afile]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Affile|Affile]]''), * [[Civitella (Roma)]] (interdum fortasse [[Vitellia]], deinde [[Belecre]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bellegra|Bellegra]]''), * [[Cantoranum]] ([[Cantherianum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Canterano|Canterano]]''), * [[Giranum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Gerano|Gerano]]''), * [[Sublacum]] ([[Sublaqueum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Subiaco|Subiaco]]''). {{NexInt}} * [[Latium]], * [[Provincia Romana]], * [[Roma]] (''urbs''). * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160714170707/http://www.comune.roccasantostefano.rm.it/ Situs publicus (Italice)] {{CommuniaCat|Rocca Santo Stefano|Rocham Sancti Stephani}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Map of comune of Rocca Santo Stefano (province of Rome, region Lazio, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Romana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Romae Capitis]] e82bfe9emj30loopihkndn2m0f1glq9 0 126442 3974381 3947432 2026-07-25T01:07:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974381 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Ioannes Egon''' (''Hans Egon'') '''Engell''' (natus [[15 Novembris]] [[1897]] [[Selmerstorpium|Selmerstorpii]] (Theodisce ''Selmsdorf'') (in Megalopoli), mortuus [[16 Augusti]] [[1974]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae inferioris]] [[Salzdetfordium|Salzdetfordii]]) vir publicus [[Germania|Germanicus]] et sodalis factionis primo [[NSDAP]], postea BHE fuit. == Iuventus et munus == Pater eius fundum administrabat. Ipse [[Berolinum|Berolini]] et [[Rostochium|Rostochii]] scholam frequentabat et anno [[1914]] testimonium maturitatis accepit. Sua sponte eodem anno ad [[primum bellum mundanum]] miles accessit et anno [[1915]] a [[Russia|Russicis]] captus est. Ab anno [[1919]] Berolini, [[Lipsia]]e atque [[Monachium|Monachii]] rebus politicis studebat. Ab anno [[1921]] ipse fundum in Megalopolis administrabat. Post [[secundum bellum mundanum]] ab [[Unio Sovietica|Unione Sovietica]] ei fundum demptum et ipse expulsus est et in Saxoniam Inferiorem venit, ubi minister publicus laboravit. == Cursus honorum == Engell ab anno [[1931]] sodalis nazistarum et ab anno [[1932]] legatus ad senatum terrae [[Megalopolis-Suerinum|Megalopolis-Suerini]] fuit. Mense Iunio [[1933]] administer rei agrariae et [[9 Augusti]] praeses nibistrorum{{dubsig}} huius civitatis factus est. Postquam nazistae Megalopolim Suerinum cum [[Megalopolis-Strelicia|Megalopoli-Strelicia]] consociaverunt, Engell et praeses ministrorum novae [[Megalopolis (civitas)|Megalopolis]] nominatus est. Die [[26 Octobris]] [[1934]] a magistratu se abdicare coactus est, anno [[1937]] etiam e factione exclusus est. Ab anno [[1952]] ad [[1968]] pro factione BHE (Foedus expulsorum) legatus ad diaetam circuli [[Hildesia]]e fuit et ab anno [[1953]] ad [[1957]] etiam legatus [[Dieta Foederalis Germaniae|Diaetae Foederalis Germaniae]] fuit<ref>Beate Behrens, Mit Hitler zur Macht, Aufstieg des Nationalsozialismus in Mecklenburg und Lübeck 1922 - 1933, Rostochii 1998, p. 172</ref>. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.bundesarchiv.de/cocoon/barch/0000/z/z1960a/kap1_5/para2_38.html Biographia brevis in pagina actorum consilii ministrorum Foederalis Germaniae (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{Praesides Ministrorum Megapolis-Suerini}} {{Praesides Ministrorum Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris}} {{Lifetime|1897|1974|Engell, Ioannes Egon}} [[Categoria:Participes primi belli mundani]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Lipsiensis]] [[Categoria:Alumni universitatum et scholarum Berolinensium]] [[Categoria:Alumni Universitatis Monacensis]] [[Categoria:Praesides Ministrorum Megapolis-Suerini]] [[Categoria:Praesides ministrorum Megapolis et Pomeraniae Citerioris]] [[Categoria:Legati Diaetae foederalis Germaniae]] l5pif6xc01075t0tdxnaejnmes0ca8a 0 135508 3974169 3768157 2026-07-24T12:40:08Z IacobusAmor 1163 3974169 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Table of Natural History, Cyclopaedia, Volume 2.jpg|thumb|Rabula historiae naturalis in ''[[Cyclopaedia, or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences|Cyclopaedia]]'' vulgatae (1728).]] [[Fasciculus:Buffon 1707-1788.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Georgius Ludovicus Leclerc de Buffon|Georgius Ludovicus Leclerc, comes de Buffon]]<!-- best remembered for his ''Histoire naturelle''}}, a 44 volume encyclopedia describing everything known about the natural world.-->]] '''Historia naturalis''' est [[investigatio scientifica]] [[planta]]rum vel [[animal]]ium, <!--in?--> rationibus studii plus ad [[observatio]]nes quam [[experimentum|experimenta]] tendens, quae investigationes praecipue in [[periodicum scientificum|periodicis scientificis]]<!--academic journals--> editas comprehendit.<ref name="Natural History">[http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=natural+history Natural History] WordNet Search, princeton.edu.</ref> Inter [[scientiae naturae|scientias naturae]] historia naturalis est systematicum cuiuslibet categoriae rerum vel [[organismus|organismorum]] naturalium studium.<ref name="isbn0-19-861271-0">{{Citation |author=Brown, Lesley |title=The New shorter Oxford English dictionary on historical principles |publisher=Clarendon |location=Oxford [Eng.] |year=1993 |pages= |isbn=0198612710}}.</ref> Exempli gratia [[geobiologia]] ingenium vere multidisciplinarium{{dubsig}} habet, quod eruditos doctrinasque multarum [[Scientia (ratio)|scientiarum]] propriarum commiscet.<!-- =combining scientists and scientific knowledge of many specialty sciences--> Qui historiae naturali studet, naturalista vel historicus naturalis appellatur. == Historia == Historia naturalis cum [[Aristoteles|Aristotele]] et aliis [[philosophus|philosophis]] antiquis, qui diversitatem mundi naturalis investigaverunt, coepit. Doctrina historiae naturalis post antiquitatem classicam persistit, et eruditi [[Europa]]ei [[saeculum 15|saeculo quinto decimo]] viventes in ''[[Naturalis historia (Plinius)|Historiam Naturalem]]'' [[Gaius Plinius Secundus|Plinii]] bene adsueti sunt. A tempore [[Graecia antiqua|Graecorum antiquorum]] usque ad conatus [[Carolus Linnaeus|Caroli Linnaei]] et aliorum naturalistarum [[saeculum 18|saeculi duodevicensimi]], praecipua historiae naturalis opinio erat [[scala naturae]]<!--Great Chain of Being-->, conlocatio notionum, quae [[minerale|mineralia]], [[vegetabilis|vegetabilia]], primigeniora [[animal]]ia, et multipliciores formas [[vita]]e per gradus "perfectionis" auxerunt, nostrae [[species (taxinomia)|speciei]] fastigium imponentes. [[Liber (litterae)|Liber]] ''[[De Materia Medica]]'' [[Pedanius Dioscorides|Dioscoridis]] antiquissimum et pretiosissimum historiae [[botanica]]e opus saepe habetur.<ref>Gulsel M. Kavalali, ''[http://books.google.com/books?id=AoWtF1ruQJsC&pg=PA15&dq&hl=en#v=onepage&q=&f=false Urtica: therapeutic and nutritional aspects of stinging nettles]'' (CRC Press, 2003), 15. ISBN 041530833X.</ref> [[Lingua Graeca|Graecum]] [[Aristoteles|Aristotelis]] ''[[Opera Biologica|Operum Biologicorum]]'' chirographum, [[ConstantinopolisConstantinopoli]] medio [[saeculum 9|saeculo nono]] descriptum et in [[Collegium Corporis Christi|Collegio Corporis Christi]] [[Oxonia]]e conservatum, probabiliter est veterrimum verborum chirographum, quae scientiam [[biologia]]e condiderunt.<ref name="natural">"[http://www.historyofscience.com/G2I/timeline/index.php?category=Natural+History Natural History Timeline."] HistoryofScience.com.</ref> ==Societates == [[Vocabulum]] ''historia naturalis'' solum, vel aliquando una cum ''[[archaeologia]],'' est nomen multarum [[societas humana|societates]] historiae naturalis [[civitas|civitatis]], [[regio]]nis, et loci quae [[data]] de [[avis|avibus]] ([[ornithologia]]), [[mammalia|mammalibus]] (mammalogia), [[insecta|insectis]] ([[entomologia]]), [[fungi]]s ([[mycologia]]), et [[planta|plantis]] ([[botanice]]) conservant. Quibus etiam partes [[microscopium|microscopiis]] utentes et [[geologia]]m tractantes sunt. {{NexInt}} {{div col|3}} *[[Aevum geologicum]] *[[Biologia]] *[[Botanice]] *[[Circumiecta naturalia]] *[[Documentarium naturae]] *[[Ethologia]] *[[Evolutionaria vitae historia]] *[[Historia scientiae]] *[[Magna Historia]] *[[Mythus Telluris planae]] *[[Natura]] *[[Naturalismus (philosophia)]] *[[Oecologia]] *[[Oecosystema]]<!-- *[[Natural landscape]]--> *[[Palaeontologia]] *[[Philosophia naturalis]] *[[Scientia naturalis]] *[[Scriptura de natura]] *[[Studium naturae]] *[[Systema naturae]] *[[Taxinomia]] *[[Tempora evolutionis]] *[[Vita praehistorica]] *[[Zoologia]]<!-- *''[[Terra: The Nature of Our World]]'' (video podcast)--> {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references/> == Bibliographia == *Allen, David Elliston. [[1994]]. ''The Naturalist in Britain: A Social History.'' Princetoniae: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691036322. *Anstey, Peter. [[2011]]. "[https://web.archive.org/web/20110809125036/https://blogs.otago.ac.nz/emxphi/2011/01/two-forms-of-natural-history/ Two Forms of Natural History]", ''[http://blogs.otago.ac.nz/emxphi/ Early Modern Experimental Philosophy]'', 17 Ianuarii. *Atran, Scott. [[1990]]. ''Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science| publisher.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521438711. *Kohler, Robert E. [[2002]]. ''Landscapes and Labscapes: Exploring the Lab-Field Border in Biology.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. *Mayr, Ernst. [[1982]]. ''The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance.'' Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. *Rainger, Ronald, Keith R. Benson, et Jane Maienschein, eds. [[1988]]. ''The American Development of Biology.'' Philadelphiae: University of Pennsylvania Press. ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Natural history|Historiam naturalem}} *[http://esapubs.org/bulletin/current/history_links_list.htm ''A History of the Ecological Sciences,''] liber a Francisco N. Egerton scriptus {{DEFAULTSORT:Historia naturalis}} [[Categoria:Biologia]] [[Categoria:Historia naturalis| ]] [[Categoria:Historia scientiae]] [[Categoria:Scientia terrae]] 1jgcpw7s4ha1ban4x5em9oimdnhvzb1 0 146125 3974243 3741787 2026-07-24T18:46:52Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974243 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Carnevaleputignano0902.jpg|thumb|[[Carnelevarium]] Puteani celebratum]] [[Fasciculus:Carnevaleputignano carri.jpg|thumb|[[Carnelevarium]] Puteani celebratum]] '''Puteanum'''<ref name="Sacco">"''Putignano'': Puteanum, Putinianum, & Putimnianum": {{Sacco}} {{Google Books|4EVkhIl-TN4C|vol. 4 p. 358}}</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> ([[Italiane]] ''Putignano'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] circiter 27&thinsp;390 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Apulia]] et in [[Urbs metropolitana Barensis|Urbe metropolitana Barensi]] situm. Incolae ''Puteanenses'' appellantur. == Geographia == * [[Murgesii montes]] == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Conversanensis-Monopolitana]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === ''Bacano, Chiancarosa, Gorgo di Mola, Marchione, Parco Grande, San Michele, San Michele in Monte Laureto, San Pietro Piturno'' == Municipia finitima == * [[Casalis Sancti Michaelis]] * [[Castellana]] * [[Castellum Nucum]] * [[Cupersanum]] * [[Ioia (Apulia)|Ioia]] * [[Silva Arboris Belli]] * [[Turium]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Fontes geographici}} {{CommuniaCat|Putignano|Putinianum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100728075318/http://www.comuneputignano.it/ Situs publicus] [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Barensi]] k7ishloq96gkstwh65mhpx9k0vl0prf 0 154412 3974436 3893556 2026-07-25T09:04:21Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974436 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Videdis|Ripa (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Ripa Budonis'''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120228182529/http://www.italiapedia.it/</ref> seu '''Ripa Butinorum'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Ripa de Brittonis''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref><ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120228182529/http://www.italiapedia.it/</ref> ac ''Ripa Budonia''<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20120228182529/http://www.italiapedia.it/</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Ripabottoni|Ripabottoni]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 600 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Molisium|Molisina]] ac in [[Provincia Campobassensis|Provincia Campobassensi]] situm. Incolae ''Ripenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Nomina vici == Nomina vici in aevo medio novoque fuerunt: ''Ripa Gotorum'', ''Ripa de Brunualdo'', ''Ripa de Brittonis'', ''Ripa de Grimisaldo'', ''Ripambudinana'', ''Ripa Budonia'', ''Ripa li Bottuni'', ''Ripa Prettoni'' et ''Ripafrancona''. == Municipia finitima == * [[Arx Calela]] (seu [[Arx Calena]], [[Arx Kalenae]], deinde [[Casa Arcalenda]], [[Casalis de Calenda]] ac [[Casacalenda]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Casacalenda|Casacalenda]]''), * [[Biniferum]] (seu [[Venefrum]], [[Benefrum]], [[Bonefrum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Bonefro|Bonefro]]''), * [[Campus Laeti]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Campolieto|Campolieto]]''), * [[Castrum Monachi Leonis]] (deinde [[Castrum Monacilionis]] ac [[Monacellium]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Monacilioni|Monacilioni]]''), * [[Fanum Sancti Heliae ad Planisium]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Sant'Elia a Pianisi|Sant'Elia a Pianisi]]''), * [[Morronum]] (olim [[Maronum]] ac [[Murronum]], deinde [[Morronum Samniticum]]) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Morrone del Sannio|Morrone del Sannio]]''), * [[Providentum]] ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Provvidenti|Provvidenti]]''). {{NexInt}} * [[Molisium]], * [[Provincia Campobassensis]], * [[Samnium]], * [[Campus Bassus]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20120206202147/http://www.comune.ripabottoni.cb.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Ripabottoni|Ripam Budonis}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Ripabottoni (province of Campobasso, region Molise, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii Ripae Budonis in Provincia Campobassensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Campi Bassi]] 1qg9zcavjd9ubq5npuz58jvhvxrc4ti 0 159876 3974368 3973215 2026-07-25T00:28:57Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974368 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1922]] conditus est. Caput circuli [[Hamala]] urbs est, quae autem annis [[1923]] - [[1973]] ad circulum non pertinuit. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HM.svg|300px|right|Communia in Hamelensi et Petrimontensi]] Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis 8 communia habet. Haec sunt: * [[Artlissa]] * [[Munimeri]] (Theodisce ''Bad Münder'') * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'') (Bad Pyrmont) * [[Coppenbrügge]] * [[Vallis Ambrae]] (Emmerthal) * [[Hamala]] (Hameln) * [[Vicus Vetus Hassicus]] (Hessisch Oldendorf) * [[Salzhemmendorf]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hamala-Petrimons]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1922]] e780oz1y8v2ux4ti1pi6hdyrebswcd7 0 160174 3974366 3601616 2026-07-25T00:26:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974366 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Petrimons'''<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> vel '''Aquae Petrimontanae'''<ref>Linde, L. von der (1915). ''De thermis et salubritate Aquarum Petrimontanarum: Dissertatio geographica-medica''. Typis Officinae Regiae.</ref> vel '''Pyrmontium'''<ref>Leuckfeld, J. G. (1710). ''Antiquitates Walckenredenses: De comitibus de Spiegelberg et Pyrmont''. Ex officina Hertzeriana.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bad Pyrmont'') oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis|Circulo Hamelensi et Petrimontensi]] est. == Historia == Petrimons iam saeculo 12 ex arce [[Archidioecesis Coloniensis|archiepiscopi Coloniae]] condita ab anno [[1815]] caput principatus [[Waldecum-Pyrmontum|Waldeci-Pyrmonti]] erat. Qui ab anno [[1868]] a [[Borussia]] administratus est. Anno [[1914]] urbs fontibus salubribus ornata nomen "Aquae Petrimontanae" accepit. Anno [[1922]] suffragio constitutum est, quod oppidum ad Borussiam adiungendum esset: A die [[1 Aprilis]] [[1923]] Petrimons ad Circulum Hamelensem et Petrimontensem pertinet. ==Homines illustres== *[[Udalricus Matthias]], mathematicus ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] 68fobrbddt6ueqdwj13h34qsj51ieyz 0 163291 3974378 3973508 2026-07-25T01:03:11Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974378 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Hildesiensis''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Augusti]] [[1977]] e circulis duobus et urbe Hildesia conditus est, quae etiam caput circuli est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HI.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Hildesiensis]] Circulus Hildesiensis 40 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref>, oppidum (19.919) * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> (7892) * [[Bockenem]], Stadt (10.464) * [[Diekholzen]] (6656) * [[Elze]], oppidum (8868) * [[Giesen]] (9786) * [[Harsum]] (11.663) * [[Hildesia]], urbs (102.584) * [[Holle]] (7255) * [[Nordstemmen]] (12.410) * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth''), urbs (13.525) * [[Sarstedt]], oppidum (18.482) * [[Schellerten]] (8138) * [[Söhlde]] (7855) * [[Duingen (commune generale)|Duingen]] (5207, commune generale) ** [[Coppengrave]] (658) ** [[Duingen]] (2875) ** [[Hoyershausen]] (484) ** [[Marienhagen]] (791) ** [[Weenzen]] (399) * [[Freden (commune generale)|Freden]] (4772, commune generale) ** [[Everode]] (479) ** [[Freden]] (3035) ** [[Landwehr]] (515) ** [[Winzenburg]] (743) * [[Gronau (commune generale)|Gronau]] (13.737, commune generale) ** [[Banteln]] (1563) ** [[Betheln]] (1008) ** [[Brüggen]] (890) ** [[Despetal]] (1335) ** [[Eime]] (2696) ** [[Gronau]], oppidum (5117) ** [[Rheden]] (1128) * [[Lamspringe (commune generale)|Lamspringe]] (5759, commune generale) ** [[Harbarnsen]] (611) ** [[Lamspringe]] (2972) ** [[Neuhof]] (413) ** [[Sehlem]] (914) ** [[Woltershausen]] (849) * [[Sibbesse (commune generale)|Sibbesse]] (6094, commune generale) ** [[Adenstedt]] (1010) ** [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> (915) ** [[Eberholzen]] (609) ** [[Sibbesse]] (2619) ** [[Westfeld]] (941) ==Notae= <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hildesiensis]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] jsmqj4umezuqmlxz95ba4s03069m6ie 3974379 3974378 2026-07-25T01:03:47Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 /* =Notae */ 3974379 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Hildesiensis''', pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], die [[1 Augusti]] [[1977]] e circulis duobus et urbe Hildesia conditus est, quae etiam caput circuli est. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HI.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Hildesiensis]] Circulus Hildesiensis 40 communia habet, quae partim ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec dunt: * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref>, oppidum (19.919) * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> (7892) * [[Bockenem]], Stadt (10.464) * [[Diekholzen]] (6656) * [[Elze]], oppidum (8868) * [[Giesen]] (9786) * [[Harsum]] (11.663) * [[Hildesia]], urbs (102.584) * [[Holle]] (7255) * [[Nordstemmen]] (12.410) * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth''), urbs (13.525) * [[Sarstedt]], oppidum (18.482) * [[Schellerten]] (8138) * [[Söhlde]] (7855) * [[Duingen (commune generale)|Duingen]] (5207, commune generale) ** [[Coppengrave]] (658) ** [[Duingen]] (2875) ** [[Hoyershausen]] (484) ** [[Marienhagen]] (791) ** [[Weenzen]] (399) * [[Freden (commune generale)|Freden]] (4772, commune generale) ** [[Everode]] (479) ** [[Freden]] (3035) ** [[Landwehr]] (515) ** [[Winzenburg]] (743) * [[Gronau (commune generale)|Gronau]] (13.737, commune generale) ** [[Banteln]] (1563) ** [[Betheln]] (1008) ** [[Brüggen]] (890) ** [[Despetal]] (1335) ** [[Eime]] (2696) ** [[Gronau]], oppidum (5117) ** [[Rheden]] (1128) * [[Lamspringe (commune generale)|Lamspringe]] (5759, commune generale) ** [[Harbarnsen]] (611) ** [[Lamspringe]] (2972) ** [[Neuhof]] (413) ** [[Sehlem]] (914) ** [[Woltershausen]] (849) * [[Sibbesse (commune generale)|Sibbesse]] (6094, commune generale) ** [[Adenstedt]] (1010) ** [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> (915) ** [[Eberholzen]] (609) ** [[Sibbesse]] (2619) ** [[Westfeld]] (941) ==Notae== <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Hildesiensis]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] qr15g2x4hwilpo1srqjzt5kexlagh13 0 163449 3974372 3505335 2026-07-25T00:52:38Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] ad [[Salzdetfordium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505335 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Bad Salzdetfurth''' oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1194]] locus primo nomine '' Detfurth'' in actis descripta est. Diu (ad annum [[1992]]) hic sal e terra edfodiebatur. Itaque mox ''Salzdetfurth'' nominatus est. Ab anno [[1856]] homines fontibus oppidi salutem petunt. Itaque nunc "Bad" (lat. ''Aquae'') vocatur. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] jrg0glazmnfc8o827ukbpfoipbbba14 3974377 3974372 2026-07-25T00:59:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974377 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Salzdetfordium'''<ref>Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. Goettingae: Dieterich.</ref> seu '''Detforde'''<ref name="H">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1908). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Von 1261 bis 1310'' (Vol. 3). Hannoverae et Lipsiae: Hahn'sche Buchhandlung. </ref> seu '''Salzedetvorde'''<ref name="H"/> seu '''Salinae Detfordenses'''<ref name="K">Kayser, K. (1884). ''Chronik des im Fürstentum Hildesheim belegenen Sol- und Fichtennadel-Badeorts Salzdetfurth''. Hannoverae: Opus ipso ab auctore editum.</ref> seu '''Aquae Detfordenses'''<ref name="K"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'') urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Hildesiensis|Circulo Hildesiensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1194]] Salzdetfordium primo nomine ''Detfurth'' in actis descriptum est. Diu (ad annum [[1992]]) hic sal e terra edfodiebatur. Itaque mox "Salzdetfordium" nominatus est. Ab anno [[1856]] homines fontibus oppidi salutem petunt. Itaque nunc "Bad" (Latine ''Aquae'') vocatur. == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] dm1w48z2qny1j7uqzcfr0vl5h47jb0f 0 169184 3974374 3739363 2026-07-25T00:54:47Z Grufo 64423 {{Titulus italicus}} etc. 3974374 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus|lingua=it}} [[Fasciculus:Incipit Gattopardo.jpg|thumb|Sic [[manuscriptum]] operis incipit.]] {{ores|Il gattopardo}} (‘[[acinonyx jubatus]]’) est clara mythistoria de [[Unificatio Italiae|Unificatione Italiae]] a [[scriptor]]e [[Italia|Italico]] [[Iosephus Tomasi di Lampedusa|Iosepho Tomasi di Lampedusa]] anno [[1958]] edita. Anno [[1959]] huius operis gratia Tomasi di Lampedusa [[Praemium Strega]] accepit. Ex hac fabula [[moderator cinematographicus]] [[Italia|Italicus]] [[Luchinus Visconti (moderator cinematographicus)|Luchinus Visconti]] anno [[1963]] pelliculam fecit sub eodem titulo (vide '' [[Il Gattopardo (pellicula)|Il Gattopardo]]''). {{NexInt}} * [[Il gattopardo (pellicula)]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Il Gattopardo|Il gattopardo}} {{Lit-stipula}} [[Categoria:Litterae Italianae]] [[Categoria:Italiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Mythistoriae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1958]] [[Categoria:Iosephus Tomasi di Lampedusa]] fg0zkw3xm2livglq9t10ct597bb2ffq 0 169718 3974449 3522285 2026-07-25T11:56:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974449 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Rognanum'''<ref>[http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/ www.lombardiabeniculturali.it]</ref> {{victio|Rognanum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rognano|Rognano]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in Regione [[Langobardia]], in [[Provincia Papiensis|Provincia Papiensi]] ac in [[Ager Papiensis|Agro Papiensi]] (specialiter in ''Agro Papiensi Superno'') situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]], * [[Provincia Papiensis]], * [[Ager Papiensis]], * [[Papia]] (urbs). == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070927032631/http://www.comune.rognano.pv.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Rognano|Rognanum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Rognano (province of Pavia, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Papiensi. Imago:Pavese.GIF|Collocatio Agri Papiensis in Provincia Papiensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Papiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia in Agro Papiensi]] l2a8kc4uma09mwex5gvsr4yepmfgnpe 0 170516 3974442 3595350 2026-07-25T11:06:25Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974442 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Villa-fornace-rocca-de-giorgi-italy-DSC6019.jpg|thumb|Rocca Georgiorum]] '''Rocca Georgiorum'''<ref>''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854</ref> (alia nomina: ''Rocha Georgiorum'', ''Rocha Firella'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rocca de' Giorgi|Rocca de' Giorgi]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in Regione [[Langobardia]], in [[Provincia Papiensis|Provincia Papiensi]] ac in [[Ultrapadus Papiensis|Agro Ultrapadano Papiensi]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]], * [[Provincia Papiensis]], * [[Ultrapadus Papiensis]], * [[Papia]] (urbs). == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160908194459/http://www.comune.roccadegiorgi.pv.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Rocca de' Giorgi|Roccam Georgiorum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Rocca de' Giorgi (province of Pavia, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Papiensi. Imago:Oltrepò pavese.GIF|Collocatio Agri Ultrapadani Papiensis in Provincia Papiensi. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Papiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia in Ultrapado Papiensi]] bpntidtyjt4xf0fmqd12y1hhqs7hlfb 0 171434 3974265 3973191 2026-07-24T19:43:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974265 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Gottingae''',<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]]. == Historia == Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus Northeim|Northeim]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit<ref>[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]] Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> (6449 incolae) * [[Bovenden]] (13.381) * [[Duderstadium]] (Theod. ''Duderstadt'', 21.609) * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]] (''Friedland'', 11.395) * [[Gilicha]] (''Gleichen'', 9163) * [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus]] (Theod.: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] (''Hannoversch Münden'', 24.390) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Rosdorf]] (12.005) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Staufenberg]] (8080) * [[Walkenried]] (4666) * [[Dransfeld (commune generale)|Dransfeld]], commune generale (9158) ** [[Bühren]] (527) ** [[Dransfeld]] (4010) ** [[Jühnde]] (1062) ** [[Niemetal]] (1596) ** [[Scheden]] (1963) * [[Gieboldehausen (commune generale)|Gieboldehausen]], commune generale (13.890) ** [[Bilshausen]] (2348) ** [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] (767) ** [[Gieboldehausen]] (3944) ** [[Krebeck]] (1116) ** [[Obernfeld]] (972) ** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883) ** [[Rollshausen]] (901) ** [[Rüdershausen]] (868) ** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612) ** [[Wollershausen]] (479) * [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]], commune generale (7282) ** [[Ebergötzen]] (1790) ** [[Landolfshausen]] (1132) ** [[Seeburg]] (1601) ** [[Seulingen]] (1369) ** [[Waake]] (1390) * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes (commune generale)|Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingerode]] (417) ** [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (4177) ** [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet: * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962) * [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]] * [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]] * [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]] * [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] i2gy5rl1drsklrzeu9ibwe7xkoh4yfj 3974358 3974265 2026-07-24T23:56:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974358 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Gottingae''',<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] est [[Gottinga]]. == Historia == Circulus Gottingae anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Anno 2012 disputabatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus Northeim|Northeim]] et [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Osteroda]] coniungendus esset. Postquam Northeim e actionibus se recessit, consilium circuli Gottingae die [[6 Martii]] [[2013]] constituit, ut cum solo circulo Osteroda circulus Gottingae coniungendus sit<ref>[http://www.landkreis-goettingen.de/pics/medien/1_1362642492/2013_03_06_EILMELDUNG_Kreistag_beschliesst_Fusion.pdf Nuntius circuli Gottingae die 6 Martii 2013 promulgata]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] Osteroda ad Gottingam circulum adiuncta est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities_in_GÖ-2016.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Gottingae]] Circulus Gottingensis 39 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> (6449 incolae) * [[Bovenden]] (13.381) * [[Duderstadium]] (Theod. ''Duderstadt'', 21.609) * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedlandia]] (''Friedland'', 11.395) * [[Gilicha]] (''Gleichen'', 9163) * [[Gottinga]] (''Göttingen'', 121.364) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (8824) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theodisce: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] (''Hannoversch Münden'', 24.390) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Rosdorf]] (12.005) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Staufenberg]] (8080) * [[Walkenried]] (4666) * [[Dransfeld (commune generale)|Dransfeld]], commune generale (9158) ** [[Bühren]] (527) ** [[Dransfeld]] (4010) ** [[Jühnde]] (1062) ** [[Niemetal]] (1596) ** [[Scheden]] (1963) * [[Gieboldehausen (commune generale)|Gieboldehausen]], commune generale (13.890) ** [[Bilshausen]] (2348) ** [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] (767) ** [[Gieboldehausen]] (3944) ** [[Krebeck]] (1116) ** [[Obernfeld]] (972) ** [[Rhumspringe]] (1883) ** [[Rollshausen]] (901) ** [[Rüdershausen]] (868) ** [[Wollbrandshausen]] (612) ** [[Wollershausen]] (479) * [[Radolfshausen (commune generale)|Radolfshausen]], commune generale (7282) ** [[Ebergötzen]] (1790) ** [[Landolfshausen]] (1132) ** [[Seeburg]] (1601) ** [[Seulingen]] (1369) ** [[Waake]] (1390) * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes (commune generale)|Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingerode]] (417) ** [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (4177) ** [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Gottingensis coniunctiones cum aliis pagis Europae habet: * [[Stegelicium-Zelendorfium]], ab anno 1962) * [[Stroud]] ([[Glocestria]]), ab anno [[1951]] * [[Surisna]] (praefectura [[Alta Sequanae]]), ab anno [[1959]] * [[Hackney (Londinium)|Hackney]] ([[Londinium]]), ab anno [[1973]] * [[Albensis Comitatus]] ([[Hungaria]]), ab anno [[2000]] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gottingae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] e6e2rzb649q3y15gjxi3uk6c0bdzlg4 0 173271 3974264 3899195 2026-07-24T19:41:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974264 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes''', ab anno [[1946]] pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] erat. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus Northeim|Northeim]] et [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingae]] coniungendus sit. Anno [[2013]] constitutum est, ut circulus Osteroda die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] cum [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingensi]] circulo coniungatur<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200812014359/https://www.focus.de/regional/goettingen/kommunen-auch-goettingen-gibt-gruenes-licht-fuer-landkreis-fusion-mit-osterode_aid_1084473.html focus.de die 28 Augusti 2013]</ref>. Die [[31 Octobris]] [[2016]] dissolutus et ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OHA.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Osteroda]] Circulus Osteroda 16 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus]] (Theod.: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (commune generale) (8824) ** [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (2336) ** [[Badenhausen]] (1886) ** [[Eisdorf]] (1706) ** [[Gittelde]] (1910) ** [[Windhausen]] (986) * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes (commune generale)|Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingerode]] (417) ** [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (4177) ** [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Walkenried (commune generale)|Walkenried]] (commune generale) (4666) ** [[Walkenried]] (2252) ** [[Wieda]] (1341) ** [[Zorge]] (1073) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Osterode coniunctionem cum [[Scarburgum|Scarburgo]] in [[Isuria Septentrionalis|Isuria Septentrionali]] constituit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Osterode am Harz|Osteroda ad Harthicos montes}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217171603/http://landkreis-osterode.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osteroda circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae antiqui Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2016]] t0nq0vfnytgyq7bym7ltoplz98hlxo7 3974357 3974264 2026-07-24T23:55:49Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974357 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes''', ab anno [[1946]] pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] erat. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus Northeim|Northeim]] et [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingae]] coniungendus sit. Anno [[2013]] constitutum est, ut circulus Osteroda die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] cum [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingensi]] circulo coniungatur<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200812014359/https://www.focus.de/regional/goettingen/kommunen-auch-goettingen-gibt-gruenes-licht-fuer-landkreis-fusion-mit-osterode_aid_1084473.html focus.de die 28 Augusti 2013]</ref>. Die [[31 Octobris]] [[2016]] dissolutus et ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OHA.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Osteroda]] Circulus Osteroda 16 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theod.: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Sathsa]] vel '''Aquae Sathsieneses''' (''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (commune generale) (8824) ** [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (2336) ** [[Badenhausen]] (1886) ** [[Eisdorf]] (1706) ** [[Gittelde]] (1910) ** [[Windhausen]] (986) * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes (commune generale)|Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingerode]] (417) ** [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (4177) ** [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Walkenried (commune generale)|Walkenried]] (commune generale) (4666) ** [[Walkenried]] (2252) ** [[Wieda]] (1341) ** [[Zorge]] (1073) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Osterode coniunctionem cum [[Scarburgum|Scarburgo]] in [[Isuria Septentrionalis|Isuria Septentrionali]] constituit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Osterode am Harz|Osteroda ad Harthicos montes}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217171603/http://landkreis-osterode.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osteroda circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae antiqui Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2016]] phjtc2ws3zlysuljjv6iau9bv4objoe 3974371 3974357 2026-07-25T00:46:14Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974371 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes''', ab anno [[1946]] pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] erat. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Hodie disputatur, an circulus cum finitimis [[Circulus Northeim|Northeim]] et [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingae]] coniungendus sit. Anno [[2013]] constitutum est, ut circulus Osteroda die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] cum [[Circulus Gottingae|Gottingensi]] circulo coniungatur<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200812014359/https://www.focus.de/regional/goettingen/kommunen-auch-goettingen-gibt-gruenes-licht-fuer-landkreis-fusion-mit-osterode_aid_1084473.html focus.de die 28 Augusti 2013]</ref>. Die [[31 Octobris]] [[2016]] dissolutus et ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20161101125654/http://www.ndr.de/nachrichten/niedersachsen/braunschweig_harz_goettingen/Landkreise-Osterode-und-Goettingen-fusionieren,kreisfusion160.html ndr.de die 1 Novembris 2016]</ref>. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OHA.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Osteroda]] Circulus Osteroda 16 communia habet, quae maxima parte ad "communia generalia" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinden") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> (Theod.: ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz''), urbs (11.080 incolae) * [[Hertzberga ad Harthicos montes]], urbs (13.573) * [[Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]] (''Osterode am Harz''), urbs (22.987) * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa''), urbs (7634) * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (commune generale) (8824) ** [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') (2336) ** [[Badenhausen]] (1886) ** [[Eisdorf]] (1706) ** [[Gittelde]] (1910) ** [[Windhausen]] (986) * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes (commune generale)|Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (commune generale) (7606) ** [[Elbingerode]] (417) ** [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] (4177) ** [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] (1078) ** [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] (1934) * [[Walkenried (commune generale)|Walkenried]] (commune generale) (4666) ** [[Walkenried]] (2252) ** [[Wieda]] (1341) ** [[Zorge]] (1073) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Osterode coniunctionem cum [[Scarburgum|Scarburgo]] in [[Isuria Septentrionalis|Isuria Septentrionali]] constituit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Osterode am Harz|Osteroda ad Harthicos montes}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20141217171603/http://landkreis-osterode.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osteroda circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae antiqui Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2016]] 7hv4qk5nze0szorgwisty7440ln128w 0 173311 3974352 3505455 2026-07-24T23:45:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus]] ad [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505455 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadLauterberg2008.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus orientis partis Lauterbergensis urbis]] '''Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus''' (Theod. ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'') est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Lauterbergum etiam vici Barbis, Bartolfelde atque Osterhagen pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 164.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Lauterbergensis oppidi in [[Topographia Germaniae]] a [[Matthaeus Merian Senior|Matthaeo Merian Seniore]] saeculo 17 depictus]] Anno [[1183]] Castellum Lutterbergum aedificatum est, ex quo oppidum conditum est. A saeculo 16 ad usque annum [[2007]] ars metallica exercebatur. Ab anno [[1802]] Lauterberg pars [[Borussia]]e atque ab anno [[1807]] [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] oppidum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]], ad quem commune adhuc pertinuit, ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Lauterberg im Harz|Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus}} * [http://www.badlauterberg.de Pagina urbis Aquarum Lauterbergensium in Harthicis montibus (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris|Lauterbergenses Aquae]] 8ovv7nk7vizhss3it439vcjppusjjei 3974354 3974352 2026-07-24T23:51:24Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974354 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadLauterberg2008.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus orientis partis Lauterbergensis urbis]] '''Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis'''<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> seu '''Lutterberga'''<ref>Mabillon, J. (1713). ''Annales Ordinis Sancti Benedicti: Occidentalium Monachorum Patriarchae'' (Vol. 5). Robustel. </ref> seu '''Lutterburgum'''<ref name="S">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1862). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 3). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> seu '''Lauterburgum'''<ref name="S"/> (Theodisce ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Lauterbergum etiam vici Barbis, Bartolfelde atque Osterhagen pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 164.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Lauterbergensis oppidi in [[Topographia Germaniae]] a [[Matthaeus Merian Senior|Matthaeo Merian Seniore]] saeculo 17 depictus]] Anno [[1183]] Castellum Lutterbergum aedificatum est, ex quo oppidum conditum est. A saeculo 16 ad usque annum [[2007]] ars metallica exercebatur. Ab anno [[1802]] Lauterberg pars [[Borussia]]e atque ab anno [[1807]] [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] oppidum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]], ad quem commune adhuc pertinuit, ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Lauterberg im Harz|Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis}} * [http://www.badlauterberg.de Pagina urbis Aquarum Lauterbergensium in Montibus Harthicis (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris|Lauterbergenses Aquae]] c0roa59t1iffs8u8kflo2k74mjh2ltc 3974355 3974354 2026-07-24T23:53:27Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974355 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadLauterberg2008.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus orientis partis Lauterbergensis urbis]] '''Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis'''<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> seu '''Lutterberga'''<ref>Mabillon, J. (1713). ''Annales Ordinis Sancti Benedicti: Occidentalium Monachorum Patriarchae'' (Vol. 5). Robustel. </ref> seu '''Lutterburgum'''<ref name="S">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1862). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 3). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> seu '''Lauterburgum'''<ref name="S"/> (Theodisce ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Aquas Lauterbergenses etiam vici Barbis, Bartolfelde atque Osterhagen pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 164.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Lauterbergensis urbis in [[Topographia Germaniae]] a [[Matthaeus Merian Senior|Matthaeo Merian Seniore]] saeculo 17 depictus.]] Anno [[1183]] Castellum Lutterbergum aedificatum est, ex quo oppidum conditum est. A saeculo 16 ad usque annum [[2007]] ars metallica exercebatur. Ab anno [[1802]] Aquae Lauterbergenses pars [[Borussia]]e atque ab anno [[1807]] [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] oppidum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]], ad quem commune adhuc pertinuit, ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Lauterberg im Harz|Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis}} * [http://www.badlauterberg.de Pagina urbis Aquarum Lauterbergensium in Montibus Harthicis (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris|Lauterbergenses Aquae]] ba5g39ya63bvpgojk48c805f8syjajr 3974356 3974355 2026-07-24T23:54:06Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974356 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadLauterberg2008.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus orientis partis Lauterbergensis urbis]] '''Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis'''<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> seu '''Lutterberga'''<ref>Mabillon, J. (1713). ''Annales Ordinis Sancti Benedicti: Occidentalium Monachorum Patriarchae'' (Vol. 5). Robustel. </ref> seu '''Lutterburgum'''<ref name="S">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1862). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 3). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> seu '''Lauterburgum'''<ref name="S"/> (Theodisce ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Aquas Lauterbergenses etiam vici Barbis, Bartolfelde atque Osterhagen pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Braunschweig Lüneburg (Merian) 164.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Lauterbergensis urbis in [[Topographia Germaniae]] a [[Matthaeus Merian Senior|Matthaeo Merian Seniore]] saeculo 17 depictus.]] Anno [[1183]] Castellum Lutterbergum aedificatum est, ex quo oppidum conditum est. A saeculo 16 ad usque annum [[2007]] ars metallica exercebatur. Ab anno [[1802]] Aquae Lauterbergenses pars [[Borussia]]e atque ab anno [[1807]] [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] oppidum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], deinde ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]], ad quem commune adhuc pertinuit, ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Lauterberg im Harz|Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis}} * [http://www.badlauterberg.de Pagina urbis Aquarum Lauterbergensium in Montibus Harthicis (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris|Lauterbergenses Aquae]] 0y4rjgbgtex5nly7mlrny2y9qyxnv5m 0 173312 3974370 3505456 2026-07-25T00:44:08Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974370 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bad Sachsa Panorama.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Sathsae]] '''Sathsa'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bad Sachsa'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. Ad Sathsam etiam vici Tettenborn, Neuhof atque Steina pertinent. == Historia == Anno [[1229]] Sathsa primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1648]] [[Pax Westphalica|Pace Westphalica]] Sathsa ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad Borussiam pertinuit. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur, ab anno [[1905]] Aquae Sathienses vocabatur. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Die [[1 Novembris]] [[2016]] circulus [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]], ad quem commune adhuc pertinuit, ad [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulum Gottingae]] adiunctus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Sachsa|Sathsam}} * [http://stadt.bad-sachsa.de/ Pagina urbis Sathsae (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] lderb21kk7hsif8p50gkn1akw1ho7kk 0 173314 3974375 2286793 2026-07-25T00:57:56Z Xqbot 9619 rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]] 3974375 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]] m53mc3fjshr17xqtgq6hlg2g4o1o84z 0 173481 3974257 3733212 2026-07-24T19:25:05Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Grund (commune generale)]] ad [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3733212 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Bad Grund''' erat commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] communia ad Bad Grund pertinentes in novum commune coniunctae sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Bad Grund communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Communia ad Bad Grund pertinentes == * [[Bad Grund]] urbs * [[Badenhausen]] * [[Eisdorf]] * [[Gittelde]] * [[Windhausen]] == Historia == Anno [[1973]] communis generale Bad Grund conditum est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] omnia communia eius in commune unum [[Bad Grund]] coniuncta sunt. == Nota == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia antiqua Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 72w6ywsvubdkj21r8go8yx3hgevhp70 3974259 3974257 2026-07-24T19:32:01Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974259 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Grundensis Civitas Metallica'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') erat commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] communia ad Grundensem Civitatem Metallicam pertinentia in novum commune coniunctae sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Communia ad Grundensem Civitatem Metallicam pertinentia == * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'') * [[Badenhausen]] * [[Eisdorf]] * [[Gittelde]] * [[Windhausen]] == Historia == Anno [[1973]] commune generale Grundensis Civitas Metallica conditum est. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] omnia communia eius in commune unum [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica|Grundensem Civitatem Metallicam]] coniuncta sunt. == Nota == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia antiqua Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1973]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] sx44vc9y7h5h0tlo64l23872lcq6re1 0 173502 3974253 3882293 2026-07-24T19:14:47Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadGrund2.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Antonii]] '''Bad Grund''' est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Anno [[1317]] Bad Grund primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1532]] immunitatem a [[Gittelde]] oppido accepit. Tum possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] fuit: Anno [[1788]] a [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] ad [[Ducatus Electoralis Brunsvicum-Luneburgum|Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgum]] transiit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090313065113/http://www.knesebeckschacht.de/letztelore-03.html Pagina de lege anni 1788 (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur, ab anno [[1916]] titulum ''Bad'' (Lat: ''Aquae'') accepit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1973]] caput est [[Bad Grund (commune generale)|Bad Grund]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis ([[Badenhausen]], [[Eisdorf]], [[Gittelde]], [[Windhausen]]) cum Bad Grund in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Bad Grund communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Sexta pars communis est vicus Willensen, qui antea ad Eisdorf pertinuit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Bad Grund|Bad Grund}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914090415/http://www.bad-grund-harz.de/ Pagina urbis Bad Grund (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] 5pdwiq19k332ylzgrtaq77q1595qyne 3974254 3974253 2026-07-24T19:19:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Grund]] ad [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974253 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadGrund2.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Antonii]] '''Bad Grund''' est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Anno [[1317]] Bad Grund primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1532]] immunitatem a [[Gittelde]] oppido accepit. Tum possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] fuit: Anno [[1788]] a [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] ad [[Ducatus Electoralis Brunsvicum-Luneburgum|Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgum]] transiit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090313065113/http://www.knesebeckschacht.de/letztelore-03.html Pagina de lege anni 1788 (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur, ab anno [[1916]] titulum ''Bad'' (Lat: ''Aquae'') accepit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1973]] caput est [[Bad Grund (commune generale)|Bad Grund]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis ([[Badenhausen]], [[Eisdorf]], [[Gittelde]], [[Windhausen]]) cum Bad Grund in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Bad Grund communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Sexta pars communis est vicus Willensen, qui antea ad Eisdorf pertinuit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Bad Grund|Bad Grund}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914090415/http://www.bad-grund-harz.de/ Pagina urbis Bad Grund (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] 5pdwiq19k332ylzgrtaq77q1595qyne 3974256 3974254 2026-07-24T19:23:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974256 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:BadGrund2.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Antonii.]] '''Grundensis Civitas Metallica'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Grund'') est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Gottingae|Circulo Gottingae]]. == Historia == Anno [[1317]] Grundensis Civitas Metallica primo in actis descripta est. Anno [[1532]] immunitatem a [[Gittelde]] oppido accepit. Tum possessio [[Guelfi|Guelforum]] fuit: Anno [[1788]] a [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] ad [[Ducatus Electoralis Brunsvicum-Luneburgum|Ducatum Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgum]] transiit<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090313065113/http://www.knesebeckschacht.de/letztelore-03.html Pagina de lege anni 1788 (lingua Theodisca)]</ref>. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] pertinuit. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur, ab anno [[1916]] titulum ''Bad'' (Lat: ''Aquae'') accepit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est et ab anno [[1973]] caput est [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae]] ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Grund'') communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis ([[Badenhausen]], [[Eisdorf]], [[Gittelde]], [[Windhausen]]) cum Grundensi Civitate Metallica in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. Sexta pars communis est vicus Willensen, qui antea ad Eisdorf pertinuit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Bad Grund|Grundensem Civitatem Metallicam}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20100914090415/http://www.bad-grund-harz.de/ Pagina urbis Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae (lingua Theodisca)] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] 2hjstsnosy8uj0c61d9o3nv1dzvdywe 0 173503 3974260 3882294 2026-07-24T19:34:01Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974260 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Badenhausen Kirche Bonifatius W.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Bonifatii]] '''Badenhausen''' erat commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. Ad Badenhausen etiam vicus Oberhütte pertinet. == Historia == Anno [[968]] Badenhausen primo in actis [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottonis I]] imperatoris descripta est. Postea pars [[Ducatus Brunsvici]] fuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat et ab anno [[1973]] pars erat [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis cum [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica|Grundensi Civitate Metallica]] in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090424210348/http://www.bad-grund-harz.de/badenhausen/index.html Pagina communis generalis Grundensi Civitate Metallica de Badenhausen] * [http://www.wib-badenhausen.de/ Pagina privata de Badenhausen] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 7lizcudkdeqarytvylcazyqfyxfujo2 0 173505 3974263 3733240 2026-07-24T19:39:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974263 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Eisdorf''' erat commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. Ad Eisdorf etiam vicus Willensen pertinuit. == Historia == Anno [[953]] Eisdorf primo in actis [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottonis I]] imperatoris descripta est. Postea pars [[Ducatus Electoralis Brunsvicum-Luneburgum|Ducati Electoralem Brunsvicum-Luneburgum]] fuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Annis [[1815]] - [[1866]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], tum ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat et ab anno [[1973]] pars [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis cum [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica|Grundensi Civitate Metallica]] in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [http://www.eisdorf.de/ Pagina Eisdorf] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 0r091jmz23y9hchcgd9khxbf8jdmskt 0 173550 3974262 3812239 2026-07-24T19:38:00Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974262 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Gittelde''' erat commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. Ad Gittelde etiam vicus Teichhütte pertinuit. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Gittelde2.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Sancti Iohannis]] Anno [[953]] Gittelde primo in actis [[Otto I (imperator)|Ottonis I]] imperatoris descripta est. Postea pars Ducati Brunsvici-Guelpherbyti fuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Deinde ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], tum ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunssvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris erat et ab anno [[1973]] pars [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis cum Grundensi Civitate Metallica in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20150926024823/http://gittelde.de/ Pagina communis generalis Gittelde] * [http://www.heimat-und-geschichtsverein-gittelde.de/ Pagina Societatis Patriae et historiae Gittelde] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] lpycqeskpuimrlpv4tb4c7uxlhdhycd 0 173563 3974261 3890420 2026-07-24T19:36:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974261 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Windhausen''' erat commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Osteroda ad Harthicos montes|Circulo Osteroda ad Harthicos montes]]. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Windhausen1.jpg|thumb|left|Ecclesia Protestantica Windhausen]] Anno [[1234]] Windhausen primo in actis descripta est. Postea pars Ducati Brunsvici-Guelpherbyti fuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Deinde ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]] et post annum [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris et ab anno [[1973]] pars erat [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)|Grundensis Civitatis Metallicae]] communis generalis. Die [[1 Martii]] [[2013]] alia communia eius communis generalis cum Grundensi Civitate Metallica in unum oppidum coniuncta sunt<ref>[http://samtgemeindebadgrund.de/pics/download/1_1343894055/Gesetz_ueber_die_Neubildung_der_Gemeinde_Bad_Grund___Harz__.pdf Lex de Grundensi Civitate Metallica communi condenda (lingua Theodisca)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=November 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Windhausen (Grundensis Civitas Metallica)}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20090317090548/http://bad-grund-harz.de/windhausen/index.html Pagina de Windhausen scripta] == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Urbes antiquae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] [[Categoria:Dissoluta 2013]] 410ejszndk7mfvbbgsi4dsoc0h5u7js 0 173726 3974269 3501196 2026-07-24T19:54:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974269 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Goslariensis''', nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1885]] conditus est. Caput circuli urbs [[Goslaria]] est. == Historia == Circulus Osteroda anno [[1885]] constitutus est. Anno [[1945]] ad terram Hannoveram transiit, ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. == Communia circuli == [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in GS.svg|300px|right|Communia in Circulo Goslariensi]] Circulus Osteroda 10 communia habet, quae partim ad "commune generale" (Theodisce "Samtgemeinde") coniuncta sunt. Haec sunt: * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'') urbs (21.813 incolae) * [[Braunlage]] oppidum (6280) * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] oppidum (15.769) * [[Goslaria]] oppidum (50.681) * [[Langelsheim]] oppidum (12.105) * [[Liebenburg]] commune (8620) * [[Sesa]] (Germ.: ''Seesen'') oppidum (20.034) * [[Lutter am Barenberge (commune generale)|Lutter am Barenberge]] commune generale (4098) ** [[Hahausen]] (841) ** [[Lutter am Barenberge]] (2290) ** [[Wallmoden]] (967) == Coniunctiones pagorum == Circulus Goslariensis coniunctionem cum ''Trzebnicki circulo'' in [[Silesia Inferior]]e constiuit. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Goslar|Circulus Goslariensis}} * [http://www.landkreis-goslar.de/ Pagina interretialis circuli] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Goslariensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] bphaswk4aepfinhhkhsn0eglyyd6tqe 0 173756 3974267 3505474 2026-07-24T19:51:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974267 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bad Harzburg um 1900.jpg|thumb|left|Aspectus Hartsburgi anno 1900]] '''Hartsburgum'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'') est urbs [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]]. Ad Hartsburgum etiam vici Bettingerode, Bündheim, Eckertal, Göttingerode, Harlingerode, Schlewecke atque Westerode pertinent. == Historia == Anno [[916]] hoc in loco ecclesia aedificata est. Annis [[1066]] - [[1068]] ibi castellum Hartsburgum (Theodisce ''Harzburg'') ab [[Henricus IV (imperator)|Henrico IV]] imperatore erectum est. Urbs postea ad Ducatum Brunsvicum-Guelpherbytum pertinuit. Anno [[1569]] fons salis in Hartsburgo oppido repertus est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum iterum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum]], post annum [[1918]] [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. A saeculo 19 curationes praebentur, ab anno [[1892]] Aquae Hartsburgienses vocabatur. Die [[11 Octobris]] [[1931]] in Hartsburgo [[Adolphus Hitler]] et duces factionum extremae dextrae convenerunt, ubi consilia ad [[Res Publica Vimariana|Rem Publicam Vimarianam]] delendam ceperunt, quem ad finem pactionem dictam ''Harzburger Front'' inierunt. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. == Cives clari == === Mortui === * [[Anscharius de Hindenburg]] (1883 - 1960), praesidis [[Paulus de Hindenburg|Pauli de Hindenburg]] filius. * [[Theodericus Klagges]] (1891 - 1971), rerum politicarum peritus factionis [[NSDAP]]; praeses ministrorum [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] 1933 - 1945. * [[Gualterius Darré]] (1895 - 1953), rerum politicarum peritus factionis [[NSDAP]]. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Bad Harzburg|Hartsburgum}} * [http://www.stadt-bad-harzburg.de Pagina urbis Hartsburgi (lingua Theodisca)] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] [[Categoria:Thermae Saxoniae Inferioris]] g9o2qky97tvd7d4e76lk1u2kl7aley9 0 174922 3974197 3501197 2026-07-24T14:29:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974197 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WF.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Guelpherbytensi]] '''Circulus Guelpherbytensis''', nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] anno [[1831]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Brunsvicum]] terram pertinuit. Caput circuli urbs [[Guelpherbytum]] est. == Communia circuli == 32 communia huius circuli magna parte in "communia generalia" coniuncti sunt: * [[Cremlingen]] (12.831 incolae) * [[Guelpherbytum]] urbs (53.353) * [[Schladen-Werla]] (8869) * [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale (10.479) ** [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891) ** [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] (2314) ** [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649) ** [[Haverlah]] (1558) ** [[Heere]] (1155) ** [[Sehlde]] (912) * [[Elm-Asse (commune generale)|Elm-Asse]] (18.816) ** [[Denkte]] (3023) ** [[Dahlum]] (722) ** [[Hedeper]] (540) ** [[Kissenbrück]] (1770) ** [[Kneitlingen]] (823) ** [[Remlingen (Saxonia Inferior)|Remlingen]] (1813) ** [[Roklum]] (460) ** [[Schöppenstedt]] oppidum (5.319, sedes administrationis) ** [[Semmenstedt]] (649) ** [[Uehrde]] (947) ** [[Vahlberg]] (781) ** [[Winnigstedt]] (761) ** [[Wittmar]] (1208) * [[Oderwald (commune generale)|Oderwald]] commune generale (6839) ** [[Börßum]] (2791, sedes administrationis) ** [[Cramme]] (952) ** [[Dorstadt]] (668) ** [[Flöthe]] (1181) ** [[Heiningen (Saxonia Inferior)|Heiningen]] (664) ** [[Ohrum]] (583) * [[Sickte (commune generale)|Sickte]] commune generale (10.308) ** [[Dettum]] (1174) ** [[Erkerode]] (1000) ** [[Evessen]] (1297) ** [[Sickte]] (5792) ** [[Veltheim (Ohe)|Veltheim]] (1045) == Coniunctiones pagorum == * Circulus vetus Brunsvicum anno [[1965]] coniunctionem cum [[Cachan]] in [[Francia]] constituit, quam etiam nunc circulus novus colit. * Cum Powiat Wrzesiński in [[Polonia]] circulus anno [[2001]] coniunctionem coepit. * Rhondda Cynon Taf in [[Cambria]] ab anno [[1992]] cum circulo Guelpherbytensi coniunctione coniunctus est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Wolfenbüttel|Circulus Guelpherbytensis}} * [http://www.lk-wolfenbuettel.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Gulpherbytensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1831]] oqpiulzna9wybirktvm8u50w4qv7ief 0 175115 3974186 3505490 2026-07-24T14:17:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baddeckenstedt (commune generale)]] ad [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3505490 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Baddeckenstedt''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1974]] commune generale Baddeckenstedt conditum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt. == Communia ad Baddeckenstedt pertinentes == * [[Baddeckenstedt]] (2891 incolae, sedes administrationis) * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] (2314) * [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649) * [[Haverlah]] (1558) * [[Heere]] (1155) * [[Sehlde]] (912) {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] kq6jcfo1znfyn4et0t3vnzaalsmqyi7 3974189 3974186 2026-07-24T14:19:54Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974189 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Baddekenstedium'''<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> seu '''Badekenstedium'''<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|circulo Guelpherbytensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1974]] commune generale Baddekenstedium conditum est, cum vici infra descripti coniuncti sunt. == Communia ad Baddeckenstedt pertinentes == * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') (2891 incolae, sedes administrationis) * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] (2314) * [[Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Elbe]] (1649) * [[Haverlah]] (1558) * [[Heere]] (1155) * [[Sehlde]] (912) ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] pd9ehbw5ajz2mmzu79p1zw3iblmpa23 0 175143 3974170 3444598 2026-07-24T12:41:57Z IacobusAmor 1163 3974170 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Blason_Ternas.svg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Communis [[vexillum]] ]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 62809.png|thumb|Communis tabula.]] '''Ternas''' est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 135 incolarum (anno [[2009]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Fretum Calisii|Freti Calisii]] in provincia [[Septentrio et Fretum|Septentrioni et Freto]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Freti Calisii]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Ternas|Ternas}} * {{INSEE commune|62809|de=Ternas}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Freti Gallici]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Freti Gallici]] 5q7z615p0ous1ynkbcilyw1c3hd6wgj 0 175687 3974178 3850251 2026-07-24T14:08:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baddeckenstedt]] ad [[Baddekenstedium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3850251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Baddeckenstedt''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Baddeckenstedt etiam vici Binder, Oelber am weißen Wege, Rhene atque Wartjenstedt pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Schloss Oelber (view from the south).jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in parte Oelber situm]] Baddeckenstedt die [[4 Iulii]] [[1109]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1275]] vicus ad [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Dioecesin Hildesiensem]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1523]] locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Anno [[1643]] ad Hildesiam revertebat. Anno [[1802]] [[Borussia]] possessionem ecclesiae sumpsit, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Baddeckenstedt pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Cum hoc anno [[1866]] iterum ad Borussiam pervenit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] sedes administrationis [[Baddeckenstedt (commune generale)|Baddeckenstedt]] communis generalis est. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis Baddeckenstedt] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] n4igl842bw6yb8xpfikpsjsu4oyohwa 3974182 3974178 2026-07-24T14:12:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974182 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Baddekenstedium'''<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> seu '''Badekenstedium'''<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'') est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Baddekenstedium etiam vici Binder, Oelber am weißen Wege, Rhene atque Wartjenstedt pertinent. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Schloss Oelber (view from the south).jpg|thumb|left|Castellum in parte Oelber situm]] Baddekenstedium die [[4 Iulii]] [[1109]] primo in actis descriptum est. Ab anno [[1275]] vicus ad [[Dioecesis Hildesiensis|Dioecesin Hildesiensem]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1523]] locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est. Anno [[1643]] ad Hildesiam revertebat. Anno [[1802]] [[Borussia]] possessionem ecclesiae sumpsit, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Baddekenstedium pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Cum hoc anno [[1866]] iterum ad Borussiam pervenit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] sedes administrationis [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedii]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018"/> communis generalis est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 11]] 7odqpwo0wy4amo90bydpff49t56l088 0 175698 3974194 3505504 2026-07-24T14:24:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974194 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Burgdorf''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Burgdorf etiam vici Berel, Hohenassel, Nordassel atque Westerlinde pertinent. == Historia == Burgdorf anno [[1243]] nomine ''Borchtorp'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Burgdorf pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Burgdorf (Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)|Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 13]] 2ax910nk03q94c433g7li5pzlie6xhb 0 175743 3974445 3522592 2026-07-25T11:11:32Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974445 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Rocca Vallis Obscurae'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Rocca Mariae Piae'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rocca Pia|Rocca Pia]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|Municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Aquilana]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> === Sententia === Sententia municipalis est: ''UNIVERSITAS ROCCAE VALLIS OBSCURAE''. == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Aquilana]], * [[Aquila (Italia)|Aquila]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130509225140/http://www.comune.roccapia.aq.it/ Situs Publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} {{CommuniaCat|Rocca Pia (comune, Italy)|Roccam Vallis Obscurae}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of Rocca Pia (province of L'Aquila, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Aquilana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Aquilae]] 3bvxh1wxk9el8h7blns45u3tk04foeu 0 175820 3974196 3505505 2026-07-24T14:26:57Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974196 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Kirche Gustedt Elbe.jpg|thumb|left|Gustedt]] [[Fasciculus:Kirche Klein Elbe.jpg|thumb|left|Klein Elbe]] '''Elbe''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Elbe e vicis Groß Elbe, Klein Elbe atque Gustedt constat. == Historia == Elbe anno [[1132]] nomine ''Elvethe'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Elbe pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]], ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum Hannoveranum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Elbe (Lower Saxony)|Elbe (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] bddf99g881iyjao9pxrg36x28vdgbci 0 175915 3974195 3505506 2026-07-24T14:25:51Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974195 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Haverlah''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. Ad Haverlah vici Steinlah ac Söderhof pertinent. == Historia == Haverlah anno [[941]] primo in actis descriptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Haverlah pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]], ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum Hannoveranum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1941]] cum [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] pars [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] et anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad Circulum Guelpherbytensem et [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 0120cyao9udvqvwhhifrdmf0f47ef8q 0 175930 3974193 3505507 2026-07-24T14:24:02Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974193 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Heere''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Jägerturm.jpg|thumb|left|Turris venatorum apud Heere sita]] Heere die [[7 Februarii]] [[1131]] nomine ''Herre'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Heere pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]], ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum Hannoveranum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1941]] cum [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] pars [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] et anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad Circulum Guelpherbytensem et [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 12]] pfxyznxz95wqtd80cowv7yl69128v1f 0 175937 3974190 3505508 2026-07-24T14:22:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974190 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Sehlde''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Guelpherbytensis|Circulo Guelpherbytensi]] situm. == Historia == Sehlde anno [[941]] nomine ''Selida'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea locus possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] facta est, sed annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] Sehlde pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]], ab anno [[1814]] pars [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regni Hannoverani]] erat. Anno [[1866]] ut totum Regnum Hannoveranum ad [[Borussia]]m pervenit. Anno [[1941]] cum [[Circulus Goslariensis|Circulo Goslariensi]] pars [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rei Publicae Brunsvici]] et anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris factum est. Ab anno [[1974]] ad Circulum Guelpherbytensem et [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)|Baddekenstedium]] commune generale pertinet. == Nexus externi == {{commonscat}} * [http://www.baddeckenstedt.de/ Pagina communis generalis Baddekenstedii] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 06mkuaebytwtb8tsunyk9e93ut3g7xe 0 176951 3974360 3803806 2026-07-25T00:08:26Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974360 wikitext text/x-wiki {{disambig2|urbe Italica|Iesuitam et poetam|Renatus Rapinus}}{{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Rapinus'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false ''Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco'' Di Francesco Sacco.]</ref> {{victio|Rapinus|i|m}}, etiam '''Rapinum''' ([[Italiane]] ''Rapino''), est [[oppidum]] et [[commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia|Italicum]], in [[Provincia Teatina]] [[Regio Italiae|Regionis]] [[Aprutium|Aprutii]] situm. {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]] * [[Teate]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Rapino|Rapinum}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20161008115916/http://rapino.net/ Situs interretialis communis proprius.] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}}. == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Map of comune of Rapino (province of Chieti, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Teatina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Teatis]] 5pyxojmhwl9e352la7j7yxjuq9n2a31 0 176958 3974444 3595363 2026-07-25T11:10:13Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974444 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Roccaspinalveti.jpg|thumb|Rocca Spinalvetus]] '''Rocca Spinalvetus'''<ref>[http://books.google.it/books?id=4EVkhIl-TN4C&printsec=frontcover&hl=it#v=onepage&q&f=false Dizionario geografico-istorico-fisico del regno di Napoli, composto dall'Abate Francesco sacco - Di Francesco Sacco]</ref> (alia nomina: ''Roccha Spinalveti, Roccha Spina Olveta'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Roccaspinalveti|Roccaspinalveti]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Aprutium|Aprutio]] et in [[Provincia Teatina]] situm. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Aprutium]], * [[Provincia Teatina]], * [[Teate]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == {{communiaCat|Roccaspinalveti|Roccam Spinalvetus}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20140103230913/http://comuneroccaspinalveti.it/ Situs publicus] {{Ling|Lingua Italiana{{!}}Italiane}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Image:Map of comune of Roccaspinalveti (province of Chieti, region Abruzzo, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium Municipii in Provincia Teatina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Teatis]] jg4hp8mzx0pss2y5lkd6ykly9rcifh1 0 178140 3974391 3501199 2026-07-25T01:33:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974391 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in HE.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Helmstadiensi]] '''Circulus Helmstadiensis''', nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[1833]] conditus est et ad annum [[1918]] ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]] et ad [[1946]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit, nunc autem ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Helmstadium]] est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Büddenstedt]] (2709 incolae) * [[Helmstadium]] urbs (''Helmstedt'') (23.686) * [[Luttera Regalis]] urbs (''Königslutter'') (15.666) * [[Lehre]] (11.466) * [[Scahuningi]] urbs (''Schöningen'') (11.847) * [[Grasleben (commune generale)|Grasleben]] commune generale (4661) ** [[Grasleben]], sedes administrationis (2441) ** [[Mariental]] (977) ** [[Querenhorst]] (536) ** [[Rennau]] (707) * [[Heeseberg (commune generale)|Heeseberg]] commune generale (4003) ** [[Beierstedt]] (406) ** [[Gevensleben]] (658) ** [[Ingeleben]] (407) ** [[Jerxheim]] (1140) ** [[Söllingen]] (656) ** [[Twieflingen]] (736) * [[Nord-Elm (commune generale)|Nord-Elm]] commune generale (5.792) ** [[Frellstedt]] (826) ** [[Räbke]] (683) ** [[Süpplingen]] (1739) ** [[Süpplingenburg]] (656) ** [[Warberg]] (854) ** [[Wolsdorf]] (1034) * [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]] commune generale (12.232) ** [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959) ** [[Danndorf]] (2106) ** [[Grafhorst]] (982) ** [[Groß Twülpstedt]] (2620) ** [[Velpke]] (4565) == Coniunctio pagorum == * Powiat Wejherowski ([[Polonia]]) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat|Landkreis Helmstedt|Circulus Helmstadiensis}} * [http://www.helmstedt.de/ Pagina interretialis] {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Helmstadiensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1833]] nj6wiz7pj8i9znrixft8mrgpjofnp1t 0 178889 3974390 3505545 2026-07-25T01:32:05Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974390 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Velpke''' commune generale [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] in [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|circulo Helmstadiensi]] est. == Historia == Anno [[1974]] commune generale Velpke conditum est. Sedes administrationis [[Velpke]] est. == Communia ad Velpke pertinentes == * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'') (1959 incolae) * [[Danndorf]] (2106) * [[Grafhorst]] (982) * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] (2620) * [[Velpke]], sedes administrationis (4565) ==Notae== <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia generalia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1974]] 5rndm7e7cvbu70inmx9yvz1i79m0nd6 0 179528 3974387 3711853 2026-07-25T01:25:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bahrdorf]] ad [[Bardorpium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3711853 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Bahrdorf''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Ad commune etiam vici Mackendorf, Rickensdorf, Saalsdorf pertinent. Bahrdorf ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]]. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Mackendorf Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia in vico Mackendorf sita]] Bahrdorf anno [[973]] nomine ''Bardorp'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130716035952/http://www.velpke.de/samtgemeinde-und-doerfer/bahrdorf/index.html Pagina communis generalis Velpke de Bahrdorf scripta] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] oa0pbv005z8tfnjhmw7t2rwo40nblwj 3974389 3974387 2026-07-25T01:30:43Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974389 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Bardorpium'''<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> seu '''Bahrdorfium'''<ref name="Sudendorf 1859"/> seu '''Bardorp'''<ref name="U">Udolph, J. (1998). ''Der Weserraum im Spiegel der Ortsnamenforschung''. In ''J. Udolph (Ed.), Ortsnamen des Elbe-Weser-Dreiecks'' (p. 45–68). Walter de Gruyter. </ref> seu '''Bardorpe'''<ref name="U"/> est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et ad [[Circulus Helmstadiensis|Circulum Helmstadiensem]] pertinet. Ad commune etiam vici Mackendorf, Rickensdorf, Saalsdorf pertinent. Bardorpium ab anno [[1974]] pars est communis generalis [[Velpke (commune generale)|Velpke]]. == Historia == [[Fasciculus:Mackendorf Kirche.JPG|thumb|left|Ecclesia in vico Mackendorf sita]] Bardorpium anno [[973]] nomine ''Bardorp'' primo in actis descriptum est. Postea possessio [[Guelfi|Guelphorum]] factum est. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Ducatus Brunsvici|Ducatum Brunsvici]], ab anno [[1918]] ad [[Res Publica Brunsvicum|Rem Publicam Brunsvicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{Commonscat}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130716035952/http://www.velpke.de/samtgemeinde-und-doerfer/bahrdorf/index.html Pagina communis generalis Velpke de Bardorpio scripta] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita saeculo 10]] 1abp33vodgp0t3vwsaosnve7m9sp12d 0 184634 3974376 2546634 2026-07-25T00:58:06Z Xqbot 9619 rectificatio redirectionis duplicis → [[Bodendicum]] 3974376 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bodendicum]] cooslhajbcce4nb8r6crrqx09rw3uxt 0 197255 3974217 3933993 2026-07-24T16:06:55Z Andrew Dalby 1084 colin 3974217 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L1}} {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Clusius exoticorum tp.jpg|thumb|Caroli Clusii '''''Exoticorum libri decem''''' (Antverpiae, 1605)]] '''''Exoticorum libri decem''''' est collectaneum botanicum et zoologicum [[Latine]] conscriptum, [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]] anno [[1605]] a [[Carolus Clusius|Carolo Clusio]] editum. Titulus plenus sic legitur: ''Exoticorum libri decem: quibus animalium, plantarum, aromatum, aliorumque peregrinorum fructuum historiae describuntur:''. Hoc opere Clusius cum observationibus emendationibusque suis coniunxit opera ab aliis scripta, videlicet: * [[Garcias ab Horto]], ''[[Aromatum apud Indos nascentium historia|Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia]]'' (1563) * [[Nicolaus Monardes]], ''[[Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia|Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales]]'' (1565–1574) * [[Christophorus a Costa]], ''[[Aromatum et medicamentorum in orientali India nascentium historia|Tractado delas drogas y medicinas de las Indias orientales]]'' (1578) * [[Petrus Bellonius]], ''[[Observationes (Bellonius)|Observations]]'' (1553) Adduntur insuper scripta breviora [[Prosper Alpinus|Prosperi Alpini]]. Opera Garciae, Monardis et Acostae, a Clusio ipso Latine conversa, iam antea separatim divulgata erant. Clusius enim Garciae dialogum (titulo pristino ''Colóquios dos simples e drogas he cousas medicinais da Índia'') anno 1567 Latine verterat. Opus Monardes (titulo pristino ''Historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales'') anno 1574 ex editione Hispanica 1569-1571 verterat, sed anno 1605 versionem longiorem, ex editione Hispanica anni 1574 auctam, edidit. Opus Acostae ''Tractado de las drogas y medicinas de las Indias orientales'' anno 1582 Latine verterat. ''Observationes'' Bellonii anno 1589 Latine versae erant. [[Antonius Colin]] opera Prosperi Alpini, Garciae ab Horto, Nicolai Monardes et Christophori a Costa e versionibus Clusii Latinis [[Francogallice]] rursus convertit anno [[1602]] sub titulo ''Histoire des drogues''; anno [[1619]] editionem alteram divulgavit. == Bibliographia == * Florike Egmond, ''The World of Carolus Clusius: Natural History in the Making, 1550-1610''. Londinii: Pickering & Chatto, 2010 [https://zodml.org/sites/default/files/%5BFlorike_Egmond%5D_The_World_of_Carolus_Clusius_Nat_0.pdf Textus]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} * Friedrich Wilhelm Tobias Hunger, ''Charles de L’Escluse (Carolus Clusius): Nederlandsch kruidkundige, 1526-1609''. 2 voll. Hagae Comitum: Nijhoff, 1927-43 * Sachiko Kusukawa, "Uses of pictures in printed books: the case of Clusius’ Exoticorum libri decem" in Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftizer, Robert Visser, edd., ''Carolus Clusius, Towards a Cultural History of a Renaissance Naturalist'' (Amstelodami: Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen, 2007) pp. 201-225 [https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114414/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/wp-content/HSSN/2007-8-Carolus%20Clusius.pdf Textus versionis praeliminaris] * Peter Mason, "Americana in the Exoticorum libri decem" in Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftizer, Robert Visser, edd., ''Carolus Clusius, Towards a Cultural History of a Renaissance Naturalist'' (Amstelodami: Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen, 2007) pp. 201-225 [https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114414/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/wp-content/HSSN/2007-8-Carolus%20Clusius.pdf Textus versionis praeliminaris] * Brian W. Ogilvie, ''The Science of Describing: Natural History in Renaissance Europe''. Chicagine: University of Chicago Press, 2006 == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20130929151938/http://docnum.u-strasbg.fr/cdm/ref/collection/coll13/id/28876 Exoticorum libri decem] apud bibliothecam [[Universitas Argentoratensis|universitatis Argentoratensis]]; [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000811387 apud ''Internet Archive''] * {{Google Books|fZWjwCvs3dYC|Exoticorum libri decem}} {{Aromata}} [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]] [[Categoria:Libri botanici]] [[Categoria:Libri zoologici]] [[Categoria:Belgicae scripta]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1605]] [[Categoria:Carolus Clusius]] q2c53ruzmpbjcsolat89exfwodrguvc 0 199110 3974440 3614057 2026-07-25T11:01:43Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974440 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Roboretum (discretiva)}} {{capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipio Roure.JPG|thumb|Curia municipalis '''Roboreti Pinaroliorum''']] '''Roboretum Pinaroliorum'''<ref>''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> ([[Italiane]]: ''Roure'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] 811 incolarum ([[2018]]), in [[Regio Italiae|regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Taurinensis|provincia Taurinensi]] situm. Incolae ''Roboretenses'' appellantur. == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Roure (Italy)|Roboretum Pinaroliorum}} {{Fontes geographici}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20070606090802/http://www.comune.roure.to.it/ Pagina officialis] {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in Urbe metropolitana Taurinensi]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Occitanae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Italica Linguae Francogallicae]] n27o33csas8qcifzjcml4hma1tlgi71 0 199581 3974443 3595352 2026-07-25T11:06:57Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974443 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Rocca grimalda alto.jpg|thumb|Rocca Grimaldia]] '''Rocca Grimaldia'''<ref name=":0">{{Goffredo Casalis}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{Ambrogio}}</ref> (alia nomina: ''Roccha Vallis Urbarum''<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1" />, ''Urba Cortis''<ref>{{Graesse}}</ref>) ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Rocca Grimalda|Rocca Grimalda]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Alexandrina]] situm. Incolae ''Roccenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == Municipium in [[Ager Uvadensis|Agro Uvadensi]], parte [[Mons Ferratus Superior|Montis Ferrati Superioris]], iacet. == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Pedemontium]] (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Alexandrina Statiellorum|Provinciam Alexandrinam Statiellorum]], * [[Alexandria Statiellorum|Alexandriam Statiellorum]] seu [[Alexandria a Palea|Alexandriam a Palea]] (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20080120001910/http://www.comuneroccagrimalda.it/ Pagina officialis] {{CommuniaCat|Rocca Grimalda|Roccam Grimaldiam}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Cartina muta provincia al.JPG|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Alexandrina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Alexandriae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Agri Uvadensis]] h0f38fs5fi3aopn8s18w82ztyvi7ofi 0 199609 3974167 3525315 2026-07-24T12:35:12Z IacobusAmor 1163 3974167 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} '''Masium'''<ref>''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref> {{victio|Masium|ii|n}} (alia nomina<ref>''DIZIONARIO GEOGRAFICO'' - Di GOFFREDO CASALIS, Voll. V.V., Torino 1833-1854</ref><ref>Nomi d'Italia - AAVV, De Agostini</ref>: ''Maxium'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Masio|Masio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Pedemontium|Pedemontio]] et in [[Provincia Alexandrina]] situm. Incolae ''Masienses'' appellantur. == Nomina alia == Nomina alia fuerunt: ''Massius'' (anno [[899]]), ''Villa Masias'' ([[959]]), ''Maxius'' (1081), ''Villa Maxias'' ([[959]]), ''Masius'' ([[960]]), ''Maxus'' ([[960]]), ''Castrum de Maxias'' ([[961]]), ''Mascius'' ([[1024]]), ''Maxium'' ([[1169]]), Mazum ([[1191]]), ''Maxia'' ([[1195]]), ''Maço'' ([[1235]]), ''Maxa'' ([[1203]]), ac ''Masius''. {{NexInt}} * [[Alexandria Statiellorum]] seu [[Alexandria a Palea]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Masio|Masium}} * [http://www.comune.Masio.al.it/ Situs interretialis communis proprius.] == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Imago:Cartina muta provincia al.JPG|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Alexandrina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Alexandriae]] puztcd9xwx0ullv09vyilf52m0y93tg 0 203795 3974213 3680044 2026-07-24T15:23:14Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum */ 3974213 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flavius Anthemius''' (natus saeculo 4, mortuus post annum [[414]]) vir publicus Romanus erat. == Familia == Pater eius Simplicius, avus [[Flavius Philippus]], consul anni [[348]] erat. Filius [[ Flavius Anthemius Isidorus]] [[praefectus praetorio]], nepos eius [[Anthemius (imperator)|Anthemius]] imperator erat. == Cursus honorum == Anno [[386]] legatus ad Persas missus est. Ante annum [[400]] Anthemius '' comes sacrarum largitionum'' et deinde ''magister officiorum'' erat. Anno [[405]] una cum [[Flavius Stilicho|Flavio Stilichone]] II [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Eodem anno praefectus praetorio [[Praefectura Orientis|per Orientem]] nominatus est et, postquam [[Arcadius]] imperator anno [[408]] mortuus est, quasi tutor imperatoris [[Theodosius II|Theodosii II]] fuit. Foedere pacem cum [[Regnum Sassanidarum|Regno Sassanidarum]] confirmavit et anno [[409]] [[Hunni|Hunnos]] sub rege Uldino pepulit. [[Fasciculus:Theodosian Walls in Constantinople. Gate of Springs (Silivri) 1.jpg|thumb|left|Muri Theodosiani ab Anthemio exstructi]] [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolin]] Muris Theodosianis munivit. Anno 414 [[Aelia Pulcheria]] soror maior Theodosii II nova tutrix imperatoris facta est et Anthemius in actis non iam descriptus est. Aut mortuus est aut magistratos amisit<ref>[[Der Neue Pauly]], T. 1, c. 729 - 730</ref>. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Stilicho|Flavio Stilichone]] II| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|saeculo 5|Anthemius, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] p4z5anxplvnc3dj3cdom27u9ud4v867 3974215 3974213 2026-07-24T15:43:48Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Cursus honorum */ 3974215 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Flavius Anthemius''' (natus saeculo 4, mortuus post annum [[414]]) vir publicus Romanus erat. == Familia == Pater eius Simplicius, avus [[Flavius Philippus]], consul anni [[348]] erat. Filius [[ Flavius Anthemius Isidorus]] [[praefectus praetorio]], nepos eius [[Anthemius (imperator)|Anthemius]] imperator erat. == Cursus honorum == Anno [[386]] legatus ad Persas missus est. Ante annum [[400]] Anthemius '' comes sacrarum largitionum'' et deinde ''magister officiorum'' erat. Anno [[405]] una cum [[Flavius Stilicho|Flavio Stilichone]] II [[consul|consulatum]] gessit. Eodem anno praefectus praetorio [[Praefectura Orientis|per Orientem]] nominatus est et, postquam [[Arcadius]] imperator anno [[408]] mortuus est, quasi tutor imperatoris [[Theodosius II|Theodosii II]] fuit. Foedere pacem cum [[Regnum Sassanidarum|Regno Sassanidarum]] confirmavit et anno [[409]] [[Hunni|Hunnos]] sub rege Uldino pepulit. [[Fasciculus:Theodosian Walls in Constantinople. Gate of Springs (Silivri) 1.jpg|thumb|left|Muri Theodosiani ab Anthemio exstructi]] [[Constantinopolis|Constantinopolin]] Muris Theodosianis munivit. Anno 414 [[Aelia Pulcheria]] soror maior Theodosii II nova tutrix imperatoris facta est et Anthemius in actis non iam descriptus est. Aut mortuus est aut magistratus amisit<ref>[[Der Neue Pauly]], T. 1, c. 729 - 730</ref>. == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references /></div> {{Index consulum sub principatu electorum| praedecessores=[[Honorius (imperator)|Imp. Caesar Flavius Honorius Augustus]] VI et [[Aristaenetus]]| annus= 405<br />cum<br />[[Flavius Stilicho|Flavio Stilichone]] II| successores=[[Arcadius|Imp. Caesar Flavius Arcadius Augustus]] VI et [[Anicius Flavius Petronius Probus]]}} {{Lifetime|saeculo 4|saeculo 5|Anthemius, Flavius}} [[Categoria:Praefecti Praetorio]] nd5imjubu9uspaf5cflrr4663136vcx 0 205336 3974176 3433930 2026-07-24T13:20:57Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974176 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus: Blason_ville_fr_Saint-Denis_%28Aude%29.svg|thumb|200 px|Saint-Denis: vexillum]] [[Fasciculus: Map commune FR insee code 11339.png|thumb|left|250px|Saint-Denis: communis tabula]] ''' Saint-Denis''' ([[Occitanice]] ''Sant Danís'') est commune [[Francia|Francicum]] 494 incolarum (anno [[2010]]) praefecturae [[Atax (praefectura Franciae)|Atacis]] in regione australi [[Occitania et Ruscino]]ne. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Atacis]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Saint-Denis (Aude)|Saint-Denis}} * {{INSEE commune|11339|de=Saint-Denis}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Ataxis]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Ataxis]] 3dcr66la1mgmb3ufyalpic3uswtxd9r 0 206394 3974321 3965329 2026-07-24T21:27:28Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974321 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Katyusha Rocket Launcher - Artillery Museum - St. Petersburg - Russia.jpg|thumb|300px]] {{res|Katjuša}} ([[Russice]] Катюша, [[pronuntiatus Russicus]] [kɐˈtʲʉʂə], forma diminutiva nominis [[Catharina]]{{safesubst:Annotatio cum paginis creandis|1=Saepe de {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Katjuša (cantilena)|cantilena notissima|ru|qid=Q18288}} [[Matthaeus Blanter|Matthaei Blanter]] et [[Michael Isakovskij|Michaelis Isakovskij]], cuius versio Latina [https://www.podomatic.com/podcasts/auditiunculae/episodes/2019-05-25T03_21_38-07_00 hic] inveniri potest, nominari putatur.|2=Q18288}}) est {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|tormenta rochetarum||en|qid=Q167682}}, in [[Unio Rerum Publicarum Sovieticarum Socialisticarum|Unione Sovietica]] aedificata et ab [[annus|anno]] [[1939]] ad hodiernum adhibita, et primum in [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Bello Magno Patrio]] (Fronte Orientali [[Secundum bellum mundanum|Secundi Belli Mundani]]) adhibita. [[Fasciculus:Katyusha rockets closeup.jpg|thumb|300px|Despectus propinquus ''BM-13 Katjuša'' in [[ZIS-6]].]] [[Fasciculus:RIAN archive 303890 A battery of Katyusha during the 1941-1945 Great Patriotic War.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Cohors tormentaria]] ''Katjuša'' in vires [[Germania|Germanicas]] iaculatur in [[Pugna Stalingradensis|Pugna Stalingradensi]] [[Bellum Magnum Patrium|Magni Belli Patrii]] (Frontis Orientalis [[Secundum Bellum Mundanum|Secundi Belli Mundani]] die [[6 Octobris]] [[1942]].]] ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Katyusha|''Katjušam''}} [[Categoria:Arma nociva]] [[Categoria:Bellum Magnum Patrium]] [[Categoria:Unio Sovietica]] {{mili-stipula}} bzxymlutjsob98ph703e70gbdyd03wo 0 206791 3974437 3970833 2026-07-25T09:39:32Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974437 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Riz Ortolani''' (natus '''Riziero Ortolani''' [[Pisaurum|Pisauri]] die [[25 Martii]] [[1926]]; [[Roma]]e die [[23 Ianuarii]] [[2014]] mortuus) fuit [[musica]]e pro pelliculis illustris [[compositor]] [[Italia]]nus. == Nexus externi == * {{Imdb name|0006221}} * [http://www.rizortolani.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=38 Ortolani pagina interretialis]{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} apud rizortolani.com * [http://www.lastampa.it/2014/01/23/spettacoli/musica/addio-al-compositore-riz-ortolani-Xg3WlJFbvmYlf5TymsVrzJ/pagina.html Laudatio Riziero Ortolani in: La Stampa]{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime |1926 |2014|Ortolani, Riz}} [[Categoria:Compositores Italiae]] gipokzmuelwcr6tzia5trzj6dsmqa17 0 216135 3974201 3974070 2026-07-24T14:40:42Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974201 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Heiligenberg und des Hoyer Hausarchivs...'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bad Essen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Gandersheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Grund]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Harzburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Iburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Laer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Lauterberg im Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Nenndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Pyrmont]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Sachsa]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Zwischenahn]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Bahrdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bahrenborstel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bakum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balge]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balje]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Baltrum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Banteln]] * [[Bardowick]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barendorf]] * [[Bargstedt (Niedersachsen)|Bargstedt]] * [[Barnstedt]] * [[Barnstorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barsinghausen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Barßel]] * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Lüneburg)</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Uelzen)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Barver]] * [[Barwedel]] * [[Basdahl]] * [[Bassum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bawinkel]] * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorf]] * [[Beckedorf]] * [[Beckeln]] * [[Beedenbostel]] * [[Beesten]] * [[Beierstedt]] * [[Belm]] * [[Belum]] * [[Bendestorf]] * [[Berge (Niedersachsen)|Berge]] * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Bergen]] <small>(Lkr.Celle)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bergen an der Dumme]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bergfeld]] * [[Berne]] * [[Bersenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Berumbur]] * [[Betheln]] * [[Betzendorf]] * [[Bevern (Landkreis Holzminden)|Bevern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Beverstedt]] * [[Bienenbüttel]] * [[Bilshausen]] * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III II 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen et Chronica Regia'' (Vol. II). Helmestadii: Typis Georgii Wolfgangi Hammii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnen]] * [[Bippen]] * [[Bispingen]] * [[Bissendorf]] * [[Bleckede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Blender (Landkreis Verden)|Blender]] * [[Bliedersdorf]] * [[Blomberg (circulus Widmundensis)|Blomberg]] * [[Bockenem]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bockhorn (Friesland)|Bockhorn]] * [[Bockhorst]] * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] * [[Bodenwerder]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Boffzen]] * [[Böhme (Niedersachsen)|Böhme]] * [[Bohmte]] * [[Boitze]] * [[Bokensdorf]] * [[Bomlitz]] * [[Börger]] * [[Borkum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Börßum]] * [[Borstel (Landkreis Diepholz)|Borstel]] * [[Bösel]] * [[Bötersen]] * [[Bothel]] * [[Bovenden]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Brackel]] * [[Bramsche]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Braunlage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Breddenberg]] * [[Breddorf]] * [[Bremervörde]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Brest (Niedersachsen)|Brest]] * [[Brevörde]] * [[Brietlingen]] * [[Brinkum (Stuhr)|Brinkum]] * [[Brockel]] * [[Bröckel]] * [[Brockum]] * [[Brome]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brunsvicum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Brüggen (Leine)|Brüggen]] * [[Buchholz (bei Stadthagen)|Buchholz]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz (Aller)]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz in der Nordheide]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bückeburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bücken]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Büddenstedt]] * [[Bühren]] * [[Bülkau]] * [[Bülstedt]] * [[Bunde]] * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] <small>(Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)</small> * '''[[Burgdorf]]''' <small>(Region Hannover)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Burgwedel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Burweg]] * [[Butjadingen]] * [[Buxtehude]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cadenberge]] * [[Calberlah]] * [[Cappel (Niedersachsen)|Cappel]] * [[Cappeln (Oldenburg)]] * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Clenze]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Colnrade]] * [[Coppenbrügge]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Coppengrave]] * [[Cramme]] * [[Cremlingen]] * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dahlem (Niedersachsen)|Dahlem]] * [[Dahlenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dahlum]] * [[Damme (Dümmer)|Damme]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Damnatz]] * [[Danndorf]] * [[Dannenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dassel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dedelstorf]] * [[Deensen]] * [[Deinste]] * [[Deinstedt]] * [[Delligsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Denkte]] * [[Derental]] * [[Dersum]] * [[Despetal]] * [[Detern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dettum]] * [[Deutsch Evern]] * [[Dickel]] * [[Didderse]] * [[Diekholzen]] * [[Dielmissen]] * [[Diepenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Dohren]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Dollern]] * [[Dornum]] * [[Dörpen]] * [[Dorstadt]] * [[Dorum]] * [[Dörverden]] * [[Dötlingen]] * [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]] * [[Drakenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Drangstedt]] * [[Dransfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Drebber]] * [[Drentwede]] * [[Drestedt]] * [[Drochtersen]] * [[Düdenbüttel]] * [[Duderstadt]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Duingen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dünsen]] * [[Dunum]] {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebergötzen]] * [[Eberholzen]] * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echem]] * [[Edemissen]] * [[Edewecht]] * [[Egestorf]] * [[Eggermühlen]] * [[Ehra-Lessien]] * [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]] * [[Eickeloh]] * [[Eicklingen]] * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eime]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Eimen]] * [[Eimke]] * [[Einbeck]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]] * [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]] * [[Eldingen]] * [[Elmlohe]] * [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]] * [[Elsfleth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Elze]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Embsen]] * [[Emda]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Emlichheim]] * [[Emmendorf]] * [[Emmerthal]] * [[Emsbüren]] * [[Emstek]] * [[Emtinghausen]] * [[Engden]] * [[Engelschoff]] * [[Erkerode]] * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Esche]] * [[Eschede]] * [[Eschershausen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Esens]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Essel]] * [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]] * [[Esterwegen]] * [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] <small>(Weser)</small> * [[Everode]] * [[Eversmeer]] * [[Evessen]] * [[Eydelstedt]] * [[Eyendorf]] * [[Eystrup]] {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farven]] * [[Faßberg]] * [[Filsum]] * [[Fintel]] * [[Firrel]] * [[Flögeln]] * [[Flöthe]] * [[Frankenfeld]] * [[Freden]] * [[Fredenbeck]] * [[Freiburg/Elbe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Freistatt]] * [[Frellstedt]] * [[Freren]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Fresenburg]] * [[Friedeburg]] * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]] * [[Friesoythe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Fürstenau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Furstenberga]] {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesee]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Gandesbergen]] * [[Garbsen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Garlstorf]] * [[Garrel]] * [[Garstedt]] * [[Gartow]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Geeste]] * [[Geestland]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gehrde]] * [[Gehrden]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Georgsdorf]] * [[Georgsmarienhütte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gerdau]] * [[Gersten]] * [[Getelo]] * [[Gevensleben]] * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Geversdorf]] * [[Gieboldehausen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Giesen]] * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilten]] * [[Glandorf]] * [[Gleichen]] * [[Gnarrenburg]] * [[Gödenstorf]] * [[Göhrde]] * [[Goldenstedt]] * [[Gölenkamp]] * [[Golmbach]] * [[Gorleben]] * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorst]] * [[Grasberg]] * [[Grasleben]] * [[Grethem]] * [[Gronau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Groß Berßen]] * [[Großefehn]] * [[Großenkneten]] * [[Großenwörden]] * [[Großheide]] * [[Groß Ippener]] * [[Groß Meckelsen]] * [[Groß Oesingen]] * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] * [[Grünendeich]] * [[Guderhandviertel]] * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusborn]] * [[Gyhum]] {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorf]] * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hage]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Hagen im Bremischen]] * [[Hagenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagermarsch]] * [[Hahausen]] * [[Halbemond]] * [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] <small>(b.Neuenhaus)</small> * [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] <small>(Montes Visurgis)</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hambergen]] * [[Hambühren]] * [[Hämelhausen]] * [[Hamersen]] * [[Hammah]] * [[Handeloh]] * [[Handorf]] * [[Handrup]] * [[Hankensbüttel]] * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hann. Münden]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Hanstedt (Circulus Uelzen)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Harbarnsen]] * [[Hardegsen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haren (Amisia)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Harmstorf]] * [[Harpstedt]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsefeld]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsum]] * [[Hasbergen]] * [[Haselünne]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haßbergen]] * [[Hassel (Weser)]] * [[Hassendorf]] * [[Haste]] * [[Hatten]] * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Häuslingen]] * [[Haverlah]] * [[Hechthausen]] * [[Hedeper]] * [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]] * [[Heemsen]] * [[Heere]] * [[Heeslingen]] * [[Heeßen]] * [[Hehlen]] * [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]] * [[Heinade]] * [[Heinbockel]] * [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]] * [[Heinsen]] * [[Hellwege]] * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsen]] * [[Helvesiek]] * [[Hemmingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemsbünde]] * [[Hemslingen]] * [[Hemsloh]] * [[Hepstedt]] * [[Herzberg am Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Herzlake]] * [[Hesel]] * [[Hespe]] * [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Heuerßen]] * [[Heyen]] * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissen]] * [[Hilkenbrook]] * [[Hillerse]] * [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Himbergen]] * [[Himmelpforten]] * [[Hinte]] * [[Hipstedt]] * [[Hittbergen]] * [[Hitzacker]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hodenhagen]] * [[Höhbeck]] * [[Hohenhameln]] * [[Hohne]] * [[Hohnhorst]] * [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]] * [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]] * [[Holenberg]] * [[Holle]] * [[Hollenstedt]] * [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] * [[Hollnseth]] * [[Holste]] * [[Holtgast]] * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtland]] * [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]] * [[Hoogstede]] * [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Horneburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]] * [[Hoya]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hoyerhagen]] * [[Hoyershausen]] * [[Hude (Oldenburg)]] * [[Hüde]] * [[Hülsede]] * [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]] * [[Hüven]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Ihlienworth]] * [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]] * [[Ilsede]] * [[Ingeleben]] * [[Isenbüttel]] * [[Isernhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Isterberg]] * [[Itterbeck]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]] * [[Jameln]] * [[Jelmstorf]] * [[Jembke]] * [[Jemgum]] * [[Jerxheim]] * [[Jesteburg]] * [[Jork]] * [[Jühnde]] * [[Juist]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorf]] * [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]] * [[Kalefeld]] * [[Karwitz]] * [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] * [[Kettenkamp]] * [[Kirchbrak]] * [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]] * [[Kirchgellersen]] * [[Kirchlinteln]] * [[Kirchseelte]] * [[Kirchtimke]] * [[Kirchwalsede]] * [[Kissenbrück]] * [[Klein Berßen]] * [[Klein Meckelsen]] * [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]] * [[Kneitlingen]] * [[Köhlen]] * [[Königsmoor]] * [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] * [[Krebeck]] * [[Krummendeich]] * [[Krummhörn]] * [[Kührstedt]] * [[Küsten]] * [[Kutenholz]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laar]] * [[Laatzen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Lachendorf]] * [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]] * [[Lähden]] * [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]] * ''[[Lamspringe]]'' * [[Lamstedt]] * [[Landesbergen]] * [[Landolfshausen]] * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Langeoog]] * [[Langlingen]] * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerder]] * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lünne]] * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhaus]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Pohle]] * [[Polle]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spelle]] * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Stadtoldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] pagq2pli4v0hwdz74u144n6hetbbaf3 3974244 3974201 2026-07-24T18:47:58Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974244 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Heiligenberg und des Hoyer Hausarchivs...'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bad Essen]] <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Gandersheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Grund]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Harzburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Iburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Laer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Lauterberg im Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Nenndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Pyrmont]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Sachsa]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Zwischenahn]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Bahrdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bahrenborstel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bakum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balge]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balje]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Baltrum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Banteln]] * [[Bardowick]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barendorf]] * [[Bargstedt (Niedersachsen)|Bargstedt]] * [[Barnstedt]] * [[Barnstorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barsinghausen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Barßel]] * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Lüneburg)</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Uelzen)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Barver]] * [[Barwedel]] * [[Basdahl]] * [[Bassum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bawinkel]] * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorf]] * [[Beckedorf]] * [[Beckeln]] * [[Beedenbostel]] * [[Beesten]] * [[Beierstedt]] * [[Belm]] * [[Belum]] * [[Bendestorf]] * [[Berge (Niedersachsen)|Berge]] * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Bergen]] <small>(Lkr.Celle)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bergen an der Dumme]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bergfeld]] * [[Berne]] * [[Bersenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Berumbur]] * [[Betheln]] * [[Betzendorf]] * [[Bevern (Landkreis Holzminden)|Bevern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Beverstedt]] * [[Bienenbüttel]] * [[Bilshausen]] * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III II 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen et Chronica Regia'' (Vol. II). Helmestadii: Typis Georgii Wolfgangi Hammii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnen]] * [[Bippen]] * [[Bispingen]] * [[Bissendorf]] * [[Bleckede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Blender (Landkreis Verden)|Blender]] * [[Bliedersdorf]] * [[Blomberg (circulus Widmundensis)|Blomberg]] * [[Bockenem]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bockhorn (Friesland)|Bockhorn]] * [[Bockhorst]] * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] * [[Bodenwerder]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Boffzen]] * [[Böhme (Niedersachsen)|Böhme]] * [[Bohmte]] * [[Boitze]] * [[Bokensdorf]] * [[Bomlitz]] * [[Börger]] * [[Borkum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Börßum]] * [[Borstel (Landkreis Diepholz)|Borstel]] * [[Bösel]] * [[Bötersen]] * [[Bothel]] * [[Bovenden]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Brackel]] * [[Bramsche]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Braunlage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Breddenberg]] * [[Breddorf]] * [[Bremervörde]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Brest (Niedersachsen)|Brest]] * [[Brevörde]] * [[Brietlingen]] * [[Brinkum (Stuhr)|Brinkum]] * [[Brockel]] * [[Bröckel]] * [[Brockum]] * [[Brome]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brunsvicum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Brüggen (Leine)|Brüggen]] * [[Buchholz (bei Stadthagen)|Buchholz]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz (Aller)]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz in der Nordheide]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bückeburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bücken]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Büddenstedt]] * [[Bühren]] * [[Bülkau]] * [[Bülstedt]] * [[Bunde]] * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] <small>(Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)</small> * '''[[Burgdorf]]''' <small>(Region Hannover)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Burgwedel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Burweg]] * [[Butjadingen]] * [[Buxtehude]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cadenberge]] * [[Calberlah]] * [[Cappel (Niedersachsen)|Cappel]] * [[Cappeln (Oldenburg)]] * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Clenze]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Colnrade]] * [[Coppenbrügge]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Coppengrave]] * [[Cramme]] * [[Cremlingen]] * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dahlem (Niedersachsen)|Dahlem]] * [[Dahlenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dahlum]] * [[Damme (Dümmer)|Damme]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Damnatz]] * [[Danndorf]] * [[Dannenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dassel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dedelstorf]] * [[Deensen]] * [[Deinste]] * [[Deinstedt]] * [[Delligsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Denkte]] * [[Derental]] * [[Dersum]] * [[Despetal]] * [[Detern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dettum]] * [[Deutsch Evern]] * [[Dickel]] * [[Didderse]] * [[Diekholzen]] * [[Dielmissen]] * [[Diepenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Dohren]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Dollern]] * [[Dornum]] * [[Dörpen]] * [[Dorstadt]] * [[Dorum]] * [[Dörverden]] * [[Dötlingen]] * [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]] * [[Drakenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Drangstedt]] * [[Dransfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Drebber]] * [[Drentwede]] * [[Drestedt]] * [[Drochtersen]] * [[Düdenbüttel]] * [[Duderstadt]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Duingen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dünsen]] * [[Dunum]] {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebergötzen]] * [[Eberholzen]] * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echem]] * [[Edemissen]] * [[Edewecht]] * [[Egestorf]] * [[Eggermühlen]] * [[Ehra-Lessien]] * [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]] * [[Eickeloh]] * [[Eicklingen]] * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eime]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Eimen]] * [[Eimke]] * [[Einbeck]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]] * [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]] * [[Eldingen]] * [[Elmlohe]] * [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]] * [[Elsfleth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Elze]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Embsen]] * [[Emda]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Emlichheim]] * [[Emmendorf]] * [[Emmerthal]] * [[Emsbüren]] * [[Emstek]] * [[Emtinghausen]] * [[Engden]] * [[Engelschoff]] * [[Erkerode]] * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Esche]] * [[Eschede]] * [[Eschershausen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Esens]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Essel]] * [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]] * [[Esterwegen]] * [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] <small>(Weser)</small> * [[Everode]] * [[Eversmeer]] * [[Evessen]] * [[Eydelstedt]] * [[Eyendorf]] * [[Eystrup]] {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farven]] * [[Faßberg]] * [[Filsum]] * [[Fintel]] * [[Firrel]] * [[Flögeln]] * [[Flöthe]] * [[Frankenfeld]] * [[Freden]] * [[Fredenbeck]] * [[Freiburg/Elbe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Freistatt]] * [[Frellstedt]] * [[Freren]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Fresenburg]] * [[Friedeburg]] * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]] * [[Friesoythe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Fürstenau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Furstenberga]] {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesee]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Gandesbergen]] * [[Garbsen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Garlstorf]] * [[Garrel]] * [[Garstedt]] * [[Gartow]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Geeste]] * [[Geestland]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gehrde]] * [[Gehrden]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Georgsdorf]] * [[Georgsmarienhütte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gerdau]] * [[Gersten]] * [[Getelo]] * [[Gevensleben]] * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Geversdorf]] * [[Gieboldehausen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Giesen]] * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilten]] * [[Glandorf]] * [[Gleichen]] * [[Gnarrenburg]] * [[Gödenstorf]] * [[Göhrde]] * [[Goldenstedt]] * [[Gölenkamp]] * [[Golmbach]] * [[Gorleben]] * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorst]] * [[Grasberg]] * [[Grasleben]] * [[Grethem]] * [[Gronau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Groß Berßen]] * [[Großefehn]] * [[Großenkneten]] * [[Großenwörden]] * [[Großheide]] * [[Groß Ippener]] * [[Groß Meckelsen]] * [[Groß Oesingen]] * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] * [[Grünendeich]] * [[Guderhandviertel]] * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusborn]] * [[Gyhum]] {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorf]] * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hage]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Hagen im Bremischen]] * [[Hagenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagermarsch]] * [[Hahausen]] * [[Halbemond]] * [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] <small>(b.Neuenhaus)</small> * [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] <small>(Montes Visurgis)</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hambergen]] * [[Hambühren]] * [[Hämelhausen]] * [[Hamersen]] * [[Hammah]] * [[Handeloh]] * [[Handorf]] * [[Handrup]] * [[Hankensbüttel]] * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hann. Münden]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Hanstedt (Circulus Uelzen)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Harbarnsen]] * [[Hardegsen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haren (Amisia)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Harmstorf]] * [[Harpstedt]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsefeld]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsum]] * [[Hasbergen]] * [[Haselünne]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haßbergen]] * [[Hassel (Weser)]] * [[Hassendorf]] * [[Haste]] * [[Hatten]] * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Häuslingen]] * [[Haverlah]] * [[Hechthausen]] * [[Hedeper]] * [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]] * [[Heemsen]] * [[Heere]] * [[Heeslingen]] * [[Heeßen]] * [[Hehlen]] * [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]] * [[Heinade]] * [[Heinbockel]] * [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]] * [[Heinsen]] * [[Hellwege]] * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsen]] * [[Helvesiek]] * [[Hemmingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemsbünde]] * [[Hemslingen]] * [[Hemsloh]] * [[Hepstedt]] * [[Herzberg am Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Herzlake]] * [[Hesel]] * [[Hespe]] * [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Heuerßen]] * [[Heyen]] * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissen]] * [[Hilkenbrook]] * [[Hillerse]] * [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Himbergen]] * [[Himmelpforten]] * [[Hinte]] * [[Hipstedt]] * [[Hittbergen]] * [[Hitzacker]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hodenhagen]] * [[Höhbeck]] * [[Hohenhameln]] * [[Hohne]] * [[Hohnhorst]] * [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]] * [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]] * [[Holenberg]] * [[Holle]] * [[Hollenstedt]] * [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] * [[Hollnseth]] * [[Holste]] * [[Holtgast]] * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtland]] * [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]] * [[Hoogstede]] * [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Horneburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]] * [[Hoya]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hoyerhagen]] * [[Hoyershausen]] * [[Hude (Oldenburg)]] * [[Hüde]] * [[Hülsede]] * [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]] * [[Hüven]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Ihlienworth]] * [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]] * [[Ilsede]] * [[Ingeleben]] * [[Isenbüttel]] * [[Isernhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Isterberg]] * [[Itterbeck]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]] * [[Jameln]] * [[Jelmstorf]] * [[Jembke]] * [[Jemgum]] * [[Jerxheim]] * [[Jesteburg]] * [[Jork]] * [[Jühnde]] * [[Juist]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorf]] * [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]] * [[Kalefeld]] * [[Karwitz]] * [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] * [[Kettenkamp]] * [[Kirchbrak]] * [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]] * [[Kirchgellersen]] * [[Kirchlinteln]] * [[Kirchseelte]] * [[Kirchtimke]] * [[Kirchwalsede]] * [[Kissenbrück]] * [[Klein Berßen]] * [[Klein Meckelsen]] * [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]] * [[Kneitlingen]] * [[Köhlen]] * [[Königsmoor]] * [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] * [[Krebeck]] * [[Krummendeich]] * [[Krummhörn]] * [[Kührstedt]] * [[Küsten]] * [[Kutenholz]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laar]] * [[Laatzen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Lachendorf]] * [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]] * [[Lähden]] * [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]] * ''[[Lamspringe]]'' * [[Lamstedt]] * [[Landesbergen]] * [[Landolfshausen]] * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Langeoog]] * [[Langlingen]] * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerder]] * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lünne]] * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhaus]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Pohle]] * [[Polle]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spelle]] * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Stadtoldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] e1m0kr4xqyw35tli0b0ce1i9rmo7i29 3974247 3974244 2026-07-24T18:53:31Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974247 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Heiligenberg und des Hoyer Hausarchivs...'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bad Gandersheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Grund]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Harzburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Iburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Laer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Lauterberg im Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Nenndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Pyrmont]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Sachsa]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Zwischenahn]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Bahrdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bahrenborstel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bakum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balge]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balje]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Baltrum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Banteln]] * [[Bardowick]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barendorf]] * [[Bargstedt (Niedersachsen)|Bargstedt]] * [[Barnstedt]] * [[Barnstorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barsinghausen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Barßel]] * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Lüneburg)</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Uelzen)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Barver]] * [[Barwedel]] * [[Basdahl]] * [[Bassum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bawinkel]] * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorf]] * [[Beckedorf]] * [[Beckeln]] * [[Beedenbostel]] * [[Beesten]] * [[Beierstedt]] * [[Belm]] * [[Belum]] * [[Bendestorf]] * [[Berge (Niedersachsen)|Berge]] * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Bergen]] <small>(Lkr.Celle)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bergen an der Dumme]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bergfeld]] * [[Berne]] * [[Bersenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Berumbur]] * [[Betheln]] * [[Betzendorf]] * [[Bevern (Landkreis Holzminden)|Bevern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Beverstedt]] * [[Bienenbüttel]] * [[Bilshausen]] * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III II 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen et Chronica Regia'' (Vol. II). Helmestadii: Typis Georgii Wolfgangi Hammii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnen]] * [[Bippen]] * [[Bispingen]] * [[Bissendorf]] * [[Bleckede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Blender (Landkreis Verden)|Blender]] * [[Bliedersdorf]] * [[Blomberg (circulus Widmundensis)|Blomberg]] * [[Bockenem]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bockhorn (Friesland)|Bockhorn]] * [[Bockhorst]] * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] * [[Bodenwerder]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Boffzen]] * [[Böhme (Niedersachsen)|Böhme]] * [[Bohmte]] * [[Boitze]] * [[Bokensdorf]] * [[Bomlitz]] * [[Börger]] * [[Borkum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Börßum]] * [[Borstel (Landkreis Diepholz)|Borstel]] * [[Bösel]] * [[Bötersen]] * [[Bothel]] * [[Bovenden]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Brackel]] * [[Bramsche]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Braunlage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Breddenberg]] * [[Breddorf]] * [[Bremervörde]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Brest (Niedersachsen)|Brest]] * [[Brevörde]] * [[Brietlingen]] * [[Brinkum (Stuhr)|Brinkum]] * [[Brockel]] * [[Bröckel]] * [[Brockum]] * [[Brome]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brunsvicum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Brüggen (Leine)|Brüggen]] * [[Buchholz (bei Stadthagen)|Buchholz]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz (Aller)]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz in der Nordheide]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bückeburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bücken]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Büddenstedt]] * [[Bühren]] * [[Bülkau]] * [[Bülstedt]] * [[Bunde]] * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] <small>(Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)</small> * '''[[Burgdorf]]''' <small>(Region Hannover)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Burgwedel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Burweg]] * [[Butjadingen]] * [[Buxtehude]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cadenberge]] * [[Calberlah]] * [[Cappel (Niedersachsen)|Cappel]] * [[Cappeln (Oldenburg)]] * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Clenze]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Colnrade]] * [[Coppenbrügge]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Coppengrave]] * [[Cramme]] * [[Cremlingen]] * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dahlem (Niedersachsen)|Dahlem]] * [[Dahlenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dahlum]] * [[Damme (Dümmer)|Damme]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Damnatz]] * [[Danndorf]] * [[Dannenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dassel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dedelstorf]] * [[Deensen]] * [[Deinste]] * [[Deinstedt]] * [[Delligsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Denkte]] * [[Derental]] * [[Dersum]] * [[Despetal]] * [[Detern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dettum]] * [[Deutsch Evern]] * [[Dickel]] * [[Didderse]] * [[Diekholzen]] * [[Dielmissen]] * [[Diepenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Dohren]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Dollern]] * [[Dornum]] * [[Dörpen]] * [[Dorstadt]] * [[Dorum]] * [[Dörverden]] * [[Dötlingen]] * [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]] * [[Drakenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Drangstedt]] * [[Dransfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Drebber]] * [[Drentwede]] * [[Drestedt]] * [[Drochtersen]] * [[Düdenbüttel]] * [[Duderstadt]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Duingen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dünsen]] * [[Dunum]] {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebergötzen]] * [[Eberholzen]] * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echem]] * [[Edemissen]] * [[Edewecht]] * [[Egestorf]] * [[Eggermühlen]] * [[Ehra-Lessien]] * [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]] * [[Eickeloh]] * [[Eicklingen]] * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eime]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Eimen]] * [[Eimke]] * [[Einbeck]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]] * [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]] * [[Eldingen]] * [[Elmlohe]] * [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]] * [[Elsfleth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Elze]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Embsen]] * [[Emda]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Emlichheim]] * [[Emmendorf]] * [[Emmerthal]] * [[Emsbüren]] * [[Emstek]] * [[Emtinghausen]] * [[Engden]] * [[Engelschoff]] * [[Erkerode]] * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Esche]] * [[Eschede]] * [[Eschershausen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Esens]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Essel]] * [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]] * [[Esterwegen]] * [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] <small>(Weser)</small> * [[Everode]] * [[Eversmeer]] * [[Evessen]] * [[Eydelstedt]] * [[Eyendorf]] * [[Eystrup]] {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farven]] * [[Faßberg]] * [[Filsum]] * [[Fintel]] * [[Firrel]] * [[Flögeln]] * [[Flöthe]] * [[Frankenfeld]] * [[Freden]] * [[Fredenbeck]] * [[Freiburg/Elbe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Freistatt]] * [[Frellstedt]] * [[Freren]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Fresenburg]] * [[Friedeburg]] * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]] * [[Friesoythe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Fürstenau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Furstenberga]] {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesee]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Gandesbergen]] * [[Garbsen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Garlstorf]] * [[Garrel]] * [[Garstedt]] * [[Gartow]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Geeste]] * [[Geestland]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gehrde]] * [[Gehrden]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Georgsdorf]] * [[Georgsmarienhütte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gerdau]] * [[Gersten]] * [[Getelo]] * [[Gevensleben]] * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Geversdorf]] * [[Gieboldehausen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Giesen]] * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilten]] * [[Glandorf]] * [[Gleichen]] * [[Gnarrenburg]] * [[Gödenstorf]] * [[Göhrde]] * [[Goldenstedt]] * [[Gölenkamp]] * [[Golmbach]] * [[Gorleben]] * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorst]] * [[Grasberg]] * [[Grasleben]] * [[Grethem]] * [[Gronau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Groß Berßen]] * [[Großefehn]] * [[Großenkneten]] * [[Großenwörden]] * [[Großheide]] * [[Groß Ippener]] * [[Groß Meckelsen]] * [[Groß Oesingen]] * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] * [[Grünendeich]] * [[Guderhandviertel]] * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusborn]] * [[Gyhum]] {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorf]] * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hage]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Hagen im Bremischen]] * [[Hagenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagermarsch]] * [[Hahausen]] * [[Halbemond]] * [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] <small>(b.Neuenhaus)</small> * [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] <small>(Montes Visurgis)</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hambergen]] * [[Hambühren]] * [[Hämelhausen]] * [[Hamersen]] * [[Hammah]] * [[Handeloh]] * [[Handorf]] * [[Handrup]] * [[Hankensbüttel]] * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hann. Münden]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Hanstedt (Circulus Uelzen)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Harbarnsen]] * [[Hardegsen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haren (Amisia)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Harmstorf]] * [[Harpstedt]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsefeld]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsum]] * [[Hasbergen]] * [[Haselünne]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haßbergen]] * [[Hassel (Weser)]] * [[Hassendorf]] * [[Haste]] * [[Hatten]] * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Häuslingen]] * [[Haverlah]] * [[Hechthausen]] * [[Hedeper]] * [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]] * [[Heemsen]] * [[Heere]] * [[Heeslingen]] * [[Heeßen]] * [[Hehlen]] * [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]] * [[Heinade]] * [[Heinbockel]] * [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]] * [[Heinsen]] * [[Hellwege]] * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsen]] * [[Helvesiek]] * [[Hemmingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemsbünde]] * [[Hemslingen]] * [[Hemsloh]] * [[Hepstedt]] * [[Herzberg am Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Herzlake]] * [[Hesel]] * [[Hespe]] * [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Heuerßen]] * [[Heyen]] * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissen]] * [[Hilkenbrook]] * [[Hillerse]] * [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Himbergen]] * [[Himmelpforten]] * [[Hinte]] * [[Hipstedt]] * [[Hittbergen]] * [[Hitzacker]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hodenhagen]] * [[Höhbeck]] * [[Hohenhameln]] * [[Hohne]] * [[Hohnhorst]] * [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]] * [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]] * [[Holenberg]] * [[Holle]] * [[Hollenstedt]] * [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] * [[Hollnseth]] * [[Holste]] * [[Holtgast]] * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtland]] * [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]] * [[Hoogstede]] * [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Horneburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]] * [[Hoya]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hoyerhagen]] * [[Hoyershausen]] * [[Hude (Oldenburg)]] * [[Hüde]] * [[Hülsede]] * [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]] * [[Hüven]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Ihlienworth]] * [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]] * [[Ilsede]] * [[Ingeleben]] * [[Isenbüttel]] * [[Isernhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Isterberg]] * [[Itterbeck]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]] * [[Jameln]] * [[Jelmstorf]] * [[Jembke]] * [[Jemgum]] * [[Jerxheim]] * [[Jesteburg]] * [[Jork]] * [[Jühnde]] * [[Juist]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorf]] * [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]] * [[Kalefeld]] * [[Karwitz]] * [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] * [[Kettenkamp]] * [[Kirchbrak]] * [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]] * [[Kirchgellersen]] * [[Kirchlinteln]] * [[Kirchseelte]] * [[Kirchtimke]] * [[Kirchwalsede]] * [[Kissenbrück]] * [[Klein Berßen]] * [[Klein Meckelsen]] * [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]] * [[Kneitlingen]] * [[Köhlen]] * [[Königsmoor]] * [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] * [[Krebeck]] * [[Krummendeich]] * [[Krummhörn]] * [[Kührstedt]] * [[Küsten]] * [[Kutenholz]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laar]] * [[Laatzen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Lachendorf]] * [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]] * [[Lähden]] * [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]] * ''[[Lamspringe]]'' * [[Lamstedt]] * [[Landesbergen]] * [[Landolfshausen]] * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Langeoog]] * [[Langlingen]] * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerder]] * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lünne]] * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhaus]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Pohle]] * [[Polle]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spelle]] * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Stadtoldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] aedd4qxsacknxy4tkn3vjuxsqlhyizq 3974281 3974247 2026-07-24T20:07:01Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974281 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch: Archiv des Klosters Heiligenberg und des Hoyer Hausarchivs...'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Bad Laer]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Lauterberg im Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Nenndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Pyrmont]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Sachsa]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bad Zwischenahn]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Bahrdorf]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bahrenborstel]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Bakum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balge]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Balje]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Baltrum]] <small>([[Theodisce]] ''''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''''; [[Saxonice]] '''')</small> * [[Banteln]] * [[Bardowick]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barendorf]] * [[Bargstedt (Niedersachsen)|Bargstedt]] * [[Barnstedt]] * [[Barnstorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barsinghausen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Barßel]] * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Lüneburg)</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Uelzen)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Barver]] * [[Barwedel]] * [[Basdahl]] * [[Bassum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bawinkel]] * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorf]] * [[Beckedorf]] * [[Beckeln]] * [[Beedenbostel]] * [[Beesten]] * [[Beierstedt]] * [[Belm]] * [[Belum]] * [[Bendestorf]] * [[Berge (Niedersachsen)|Berge]] * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Bergen]] <small>(Lkr.Celle)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bergen an der Dumme]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bergfeld]] * [[Berne]] * [[Bersenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Berumbur]] * [[Betheln]] * [[Betzendorf]] * [[Bevern (Landkreis Holzminden)|Bevern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Beverstedt]] * [[Bienenbüttel]] * [[Bilshausen]] * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III II 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen et Chronica Regia'' (Vol. II). Helmestadii: Typis Georgii Wolfgangi Hammii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnen]] * [[Bippen]] * [[Bispingen]] * [[Bissendorf]] * [[Bleckede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Blender (Landkreis Verden)|Blender]] * [[Bliedersdorf]] * [[Blomberg (circulus Widmundensis)|Blomberg]] * [[Bockenem]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bockhorn (Friesland)|Bockhorn]] * [[Bockhorst]] * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] * [[Bodenwerder]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Boffzen]] * [[Böhme (Niedersachsen)|Böhme]] * [[Bohmte]] * [[Boitze]] * [[Bokensdorf]] * [[Bomlitz]] * [[Börger]] * [[Borkum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Börßum]] * [[Borstel (Landkreis Diepholz)|Borstel]] * [[Bösel]] * [[Bötersen]] * [[Bothel]] * [[Bovenden]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Brackel]] * [[Bramsche]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Braunlage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Breddenberg]] * [[Breddorf]] * [[Bremervörde]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Brest (Niedersachsen)|Brest]] * [[Brevörde]] * [[Brietlingen]] * [[Brinkum (Stuhr)|Brinkum]] * [[Brockel]] * [[Bröckel]] * [[Brockum]] * [[Brome]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brunsvicum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Brüggen (Leine)|Brüggen]] * [[Buchholz (bei Stadthagen)|Buchholz]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz (Aller)]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz in der Nordheide]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bückeburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bücken]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Büddenstedt]] * [[Bühren]] * [[Bülkau]] * [[Bülstedt]] * [[Bunde]] * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] <small>(Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)</small> * '''[[Burgdorf]]''' <small>(Region Hannover)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Burgwedel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Burweg]] * [[Butjadingen]] * [[Buxtehude]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cadenberge]] * [[Calberlah]] * [[Cappel (Niedersachsen)|Cappel]] * [[Cappeln (Oldenburg)]] * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Clenze]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Colnrade]] * [[Coppenbrügge]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Coppengrave]] * [[Cramme]] * [[Cremlingen]] * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dahlem (Niedersachsen)|Dahlem]] * [[Dahlenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dahlum]] * [[Damme (Dümmer)|Damme]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Damnatz]] * [[Danndorf]] * [[Dannenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dassel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dedelstorf]] * [[Deensen]] * [[Deinste]] * [[Deinstedt]] * [[Delligsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Denkte]] * [[Derental]] * [[Dersum]] * [[Despetal]] * [[Detern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dettum]] * [[Deutsch Evern]] * [[Dickel]] * [[Didderse]] * [[Diekholzen]] * [[Dielmissen]] * [[Diepenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Dohren]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Dollern]] * [[Dornum]] * [[Dörpen]] * [[Dorstadt]] * [[Dorum]] * [[Dörverden]] * [[Dötlingen]] * [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]] * [[Drakenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Drangstedt]] * [[Dransfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Drebber]] * [[Drentwede]] * [[Drestedt]] * [[Drochtersen]] * [[Düdenbüttel]] * [[Duderstadt]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Duingen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dünsen]] * [[Dunum]] {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebergötzen]] * [[Eberholzen]] * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echem]] * [[Edemissen]] * [[Edewecht]] * [[Egestorf]] * [[Eggermühlen]] * [[Ehra-Lessien]] * [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]] * [[Eickeloh]] * [[Eicklingen]] * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eime]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Eimen]] * [[Eimke]] * [[Einbeck]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]] * [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]] * [[Eldingen]] * [[Elmlohe]] * [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]] * [[Elsfleth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Elze]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Embsen]] * [[Emda]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Emlichheim]] * [[Emmendorf]] * [[Emmerthal]] * [[Emsbüren]] * [[Emstek]] * [[Emtinghausen]] * [[Engden]] * [[Engelschoff]] * [[Erkerode]] * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Esche]] * [[Eschede]] * [[Eschershausen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Esens]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Essel]] * [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]] * [[Esterwegen]] * [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] <small>(Weser)</small> * [[Everode]] * [[Eversmeer]] * [[Evessen]] * [[Eydelstedt]] * [[Eyendorf]] * [[Eystrup]] {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farven]] * [[Faßberg]] * [[Filsum]] * [[Fintel]] * [[Firrel]] * [[Flögeln]] * [[Flöthe]] * [[Frankenfeld]] * [[Freden]] * [[Fredenbeck]] * [[Freiburg/Elbe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Freistatt]] * [[Frellstedt]] * [[Freren]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Fresenburg]] * [[Friedeburg]] * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]] * [[Friesoythe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Fürstenau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Furstenberga]] {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesee]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesbergen]] * [[Garbsen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Garlstorf]] * [[Garrel]] * [[Garstedt]] * [[Gartow]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Geeste]] * [[Geestland]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gehrde]] * [[Gehrden]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Georgsdorf]] * [[Georgsmarienhütte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gerdau]] * [[Gersten]] * [[Getelo]] * [[Gevensleben]] * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Geversdorf]] * [[Gieboldehausen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Giesen]] * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilten]] * [[Glandorf]] * [[Gleichen]] * [[Gnarrenburg]] * [[Gödenstorf]] * [[Göhrde]] * [[Goldenstedt]] * [[Gölenkamp]] * [[Golmbach]] * [[Gorleben]] * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorst]] * [[Grasberg]] * [[Grasleben]] * [[Grethem]] * [[Gronau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Groß Berßen]] * [[Großefehn]] * [[Großenkneten]] * [[Großenwörden]] * [[Großheide]] * [[Groß Ippener]] * [[Groß Meckelsen]] * [[Groß Oesingen]] * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grünendeich]] * [[Guderhandviertel]] * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusborn]] * [[Gyhum]] {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorf]] * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hage]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Hagen im Bremischen]] * [[Hagenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagermarsch]] * [[Hahausen]] * [[Halbemond]] * [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] <small>(b.Neuenhaus)</small> * [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] <small>(Montes Visurgis)</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hambergen]] * [[Hambühren]] * [[Hämelhausen]] * [[Hamersen]] * [[Hammah]] * [[Handeloh]] * [[Handorf]] * [[Handrup]] * [[Hankensbüttel]] * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hann. Münden]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Hanstedt (Circulus Uelzen)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Harbarnsen]] * [[Hardegsen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haren (Amisia)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Harmstorf]] * [[Harpstedt]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsefeld]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsum]] * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasbergen]] * [[Haselünne]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haßbergen]] * [[Hassel (Weser)]] * [[Hassendorf]] * [[Haste]] * [[Hatten]] * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Häuslingen]] * [[Haverlah]] * [[Hechthausen]] * [[Hedeper]] * [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]] * [[Heemsen]] * [[Heere]] * [[Heeslingen]] * [[Heeßen]] * [[Hehlen]] * [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]] * [[Heinade]] * [[Heinbockel]] * [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]] * [[Heinsen]] * [[Hellwege]] * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsen]] * [[Helvesiek]] * [[Hemmingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemsbünde]] * [[Hemslingen]] * [[Hemsloh]] * [[Hepstedt]] * [[Herzberg am Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Herzlake]] * [[Hesel]] * [[Hespe]] * [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Heuerßen]] * [[Heyen]] * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissen]] * [[Hilkenbrook]] * [[Hillerse]] * [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Himbergen]] * [[Himmelpforten]] * [[Hinte]] * [[Hipstedt]] * [[Hittbergen]] * [[Hitzacker]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hodenhagen]] * [[Höhbeck]] * [[Hohenhameln]] * [[Hohne]] * [[Hohnhorst]] * [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]] * [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]] * [[Holenberg]] * [[Holle]] * [[Hollenstedt]] * [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] * [[Hollnseth]] * [[Holste]] * [[Holtgast]] * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtland]] * [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]] * [[Hoogstede]] * [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Horneburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]] * [[Hoya]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hoyerhagen]] * [[Hoyershausen]] * [[Hude (Oldenburg)]] * [[Hüde]] * [[Hülsede]] * [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]] * [[Hüven]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ihlienworth]] * [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]] * [[Ilsede]] * [[Ingeleben]] * [[Isenbüttel]] * [[Isernhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Isterberg]] * [[Itterbeck]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]] * [[Jameln]] * [[Jelmstorf]] * [[Jembke]] * [[Jemgum]] * [[Jerxheim]] * [[Jesteburg]] * [[Jork]] * [[Jühnde]] * [[Juist]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorf]] * [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]] * [[Kalefeld]] * [[Karwitz]] * [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] * [[Kettenkamp]] * [[Kirchbrak]] * [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]] * [[Kirchgellersen]] * [[Kirchlinteln]] * [[Kirchseelte]] * [[Kirchtimke]] * [[Kirchwalsede]] * [[Kissenbrück]] * [[Klein Berßen]] * [[Klein Meckelsen]] * [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]] * [[Kneitlingen]] * [[Köhlen]] * [[Königsmoor]] * [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] * [[Krebeck]] * [[Krummendeich]] * [[Krummhörn]] * [[Kührstedt]] * [[Küsten]] * [[Kutenholz]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laar]] * [[Laatzen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Lachendorf]] * [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]] * [[Lähden]] * [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]] * ''[[Lamspringe]]'' * [[Lamstedt]] * [[Landesbergen]] * [[Landolfshausen]] * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Langeoog]] * [[Langlingen]] * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerder]] * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lünne]] * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhaus]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Pohle]] * [[Polle]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spelle]] * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Stadtoldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] hiqx8et0xwlzpsupvr4mjd73lo824x8 3974407 3974281 2026-07-25T02:17:22Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974407 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in Lower Saxony.svg|thumb|500px|Urbes et communia Saxoniae Inferioris.]] '''Index urbium, oppidorum et communium in [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxonia Inferiore]]''' omnia [[commune|communia]] (Theodisce ''Gemeinden''), consociationes communium (Theodisce ''Gemeindeverbände'') atque loca nulli communium adscripta (Theodisce ''gemeindefreien Gebiete''), quae hodie in [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terra]] [[Germania|Germanica]] [[Saxonia Inferior]]e exstant, complectitur. Postremae mutationes finium territorialium in Saxonia Inferiore [[1 Novembris|Kalendis Novembribus]] anni [[2021]] effectae sunt. Ex eo tempore [[Saxonia Inferior]] 939 communium et 25 loca nulli communi adscripta (quorum duo habitantur) habet. Quibus e communibus 159 titulo [[urbs|urbis]] (Theodisce ''Stadt'') et 49 titulo [[oppidum|oppidi]] (Theodisce ''Flecken'') utuntur. Praeterea nonnullae proprietates exstant secundum communium administrationem: Nam 939 communia in 289 communia unitaria et 650 communia membra dividuntur; quae vero in universum 114 consociationes communium constituunt, ut munera communiter administrent. Hae consociationes communium ipsa communia non sunt, sed foedera cooperationis, quae aut ex regione aut ex communitate in qua sedes administrationis sita est nomen accipiunt. Quapropter in Saxonia Inferiore idem nomen tam communi quam consociationi communium tribui potest. Agitur tamen de duobus corporibus iuridicis distinctis, quae proprias repraesentationes atque propria munera habent. Praeterea, propter magnitudinem suam, nonnullae communium et consociationes communium peculiarem rationem cum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulo terrae]] (Theodisce ''Landkreis'') habent: * Decem urbes statum iuridicum [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli urbani]] (Theodisce ''kreisfreien Stadt'') obtinent, nulli circulo terrae subiiciuntur atque omnia sua munera exercent. * Septem urbes statum iuridicum urbis magnae sui iuris (Theodisce ''Große selbständige Stadt'') obtinent atque multa, sed non omnia, munera circuli terrae cui adscribuntur exercent. * 61 communium et tria communia generalia (Theodisce ''Samtgemeinden'') statum iuridicum communis sui iuris (Theodisce ''Selbständige Gemeinde'') obtinent atque quaedam munera districtus cui adscribuntur exercent. * 861 ceterae communium nullam peculiarem rationem cum circulo terrae cui adscribuntur habent. === A === {{div col|3}} * [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Obbens'')</small> * [[Acheimum]]<ref name="Grote III 1877">Grote, H. (1877). ''Münzstudien: Geschichte der älteren Münzen und Urkunden des Bisthums Verden'' (Vol. VIII). Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Achim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Achem'')</small> * [[Achestedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Axstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ax'')</small> * [[Adelebsenum]]<ref name="Funck 1736">Funck, J. N. (1736). ''Disputatio Academica de Voluntaria Morte Judaeorum et Gentilium sub Praesidio S. R. I. Libero Baroni de Adelebsen Dedicata''. Rintelii: Typis Johannis Friderici Enax.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelebsen'')</small> * [[Adenebutla]]<ref name="Pischke 1998">Pischke, G. (Ed.) (1998). ''Das Lehnsregister der Edelherren von Meinersen: Edition und historische Untersuchung der mittelalterlichen Besitzurkunden'' (Documentum anni MCCXX). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Adenbüttel'')</small> * [[Adenhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahnsen'')</small> * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Adendörp'')</small> * [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Affinghausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Affinghusen'' seu ''Affjehusen'')</small> * [[Alrebekesa]]<ref name="Oven 1872">Oven, A. von (Ed.) (1872). ''Urkundenbuch des Herzogthums Lüneburg: Diplomata, chartae et registra historica saeculi XII (Documentum anni MCXCVII de venditione praedii Alrebekesae)'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Carl Rümpler.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahnsbeck'')</small> * [[Ahusium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ahusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Parochiarum ditionis Corbeiensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahusen'')</small> * [[Alfelda]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfeld''; [[Saxonice]] ''Allefelle'')</small> * [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfhausen'')</small> * [[Algermissenum]]<ref name="Hoogeweg III 1903">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1903). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et privilegia de Algermisseno)'' (Vol. III). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Algermissen'')</small> * [[Almstedium]]<ref name="Hoogeweg II 1901">Hoogeweg, H. (Ed.) (1901). ''Urkundenbuch des Hochstifts Hildesheim und seiner Bischöfe: Quellen und Darstellungen zur Geschichte Niedersachsens (Monimenta historica et registra de Almstedio)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahn’sche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Almstedt'')</small> * [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ahlerstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohlers'')</small> * [[Alvstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759">Pratje, J. H. (1759). ''Historische Nachrichten von den ehemaligen vicedominis in ditione Bremensi:...''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Alfstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Alfs'' seu ''Alfst'')</small> * [[Amelinghusium]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amelinghausen''; [[lingua Saxonica|Boreosaxonice]] ''Amekhusen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Amelkusen'')</small> * [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ankum'')</small> * [[Andervenia]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Andervenne'')</small> * [[Andorlangia]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Anderlingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Annerlingen'')</small> * [[Antiqua Medingha]]<ref name="Homeyer X 2006">Homeyer, J. (Ed.) (2006). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Medingen: Lüneburger Urkundenbuch (Monimenta historica saeculi XIV de parochia Medinghae) (Vol. X)''. Hannoverae, in Germania: Hahnsche Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Altenmedingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ohmein'')</small> * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Aap'')</small> * [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Apelern'')</small> * [[Appelium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Appel'')</small> * [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]<ref name="Mirus 1826">Mirus, A. (1826). ''De salubritate aquarum lauterbergensium in montibus harthicis sitarum''. Typis Regiis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Lauterberg im Harz'')</small> * [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich; et: Macard, H. M. (1805). ''De usu salutari fontium salinorum in territorio Hildesiensi sitorum''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'')</small> * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'')</small> * [[Aroldishusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Arholzen'')</small> * [[Artlenburgum]]<ref name="Baring 1746"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Artlenburg'')</small> * [[Artlissa]]<ref name="Mader 1664">Mader, J. J. (1664). ''Antiquitates Brunsvicenses: De antiquis parochiis Saxonum et finibus dioecesis Mindensis (Caput de parochia Artlissa)''. Helmestadii: Typis Henningi Mulleri.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Aerzen'': quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Ärzen'')</small> * [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Agathenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Gothenborg'')</small> * [[Ascalingium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlden'')</small> * [[Asanthorpium]]<ref name="Vogell 1856">Vogell, A. (Ed.) (1856). ''Urkundenbuch des Bisthums Verden y des Collegiatstifts Bardewick: Chartae, diplomata et monumenta historica saeculi XIII...''. Hannoverae: Hahn’sche Hofbuchhandlung.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus Harburgensis|Circulo Harburgensi]]<ref name="Landkreis Harburg">Fingitur nomen "Circulus Harburgensis" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Harburg'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum substantivum "circulus" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Harburgum]]" -ad quod gentilicium "Harburgensis-e" refertur-.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> <small>(in [[Circulus terrae Diepholtia|Circulo terrae Diepholtia]]<ref name="Landkreis Diepholz">Fingitur nomen "Circulus terrae Diepholtia" -Theodisce ''Landkreis Diepholz'' nuncupatum- sic: Latinum syntagma "circulus terrae" Theodiscum substantivum ''Landkreis'' (secundum ''Lexicon Latinum Hodiernum'', auctore Petro Lucusaltiano Latinophilo) vertit, et de Latino toponymo "[[Diepholtia]]", vide {{Hofmannus}}.</ref>)</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Asendorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Asendörp'')</small> * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'')</small> * [[Astanholteremarki-Scirnbeki]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Osterholz-Scharmbeck''; [[Saxonice]] ''Oosterholt-Scharmbeek'')</small> * [[Auricum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auricum]]<ref name="Emmius 1616">Emmius, U. (1616). ''Rerum Frisicarum Historia''. [[Lugdunum Batavorum|Lugduni Batavorum]]: Elzevier.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Aurich''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Aurk''; [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Auerk'')</small> {{div col end}} === B === {{div col|3}} * [[Badberga]]<ref name="-berga">Germanica toponyma cum suffixis ''-berg'' aut ''-berge'' aut ''-bergen'' aut ''-berghe'' plerumque latinizari solent addito suffixo latinizato "-berga-ae", quamquam huius suffixi variantes inveniri possunt. Exempli gratiā: [[Amberga]], [[Annaberga]], [[Arensberga]], [[Asschaberga]], [[Bamberga]], [[Berga]], [[Blancoberga]], [[Bobbinberga]], [[Brunsberga]], [[Cassonberga]], [[Coloberga]], [[Eversberga]], [[Freiberga]] apud {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Badbergen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Badbern'')</small> * [[Baddekenstedium]]<ref name="Casemir & Menzel & Ohainski X 2018">Casemir, K., Menzel, F., & Ohainski, U. (2018). ''Die Ortsnamen des Landkreises Wolfenbüttel und der Stadt Salzgitter (Niedersächsisches Ortsnamenbuch, Teil X)''. Verlag für Regionalgeschichte.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Baddeckenstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Barkenstäe'')</small> * [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'')</small> * [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'')</small> * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'')</small> * [[Bardorpium]]<ref name="Sudendorf 1859">Sudendorf, H. (Ed.) (1859). ''Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande'' (Vol. 1). Carl Rümpler Verlag.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrdorf'')</small> * [[Bardowick]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barendorf]] * [[Bargstedt (Niedersachsen)|Bargstedt]] * [[Barnstedt]] * [[Barnstorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Barsinghausen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Barßel]] * [[Barum (Luneburgum)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Lüneburg)</small> * [[Barum (Circulus Uelzen)|Barum]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Barver]] * [[Barwedel]] * [[Basdahl]] * [[Bassum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bawinkel]] * [[Bebenhusa (Saxonia Inferior)|Bebenhusa]]<ref name="Ahlfeldt 2010">Ahlfeldt, J. (Ed.) (2010). ''Regnum Francorum Online: Traditio Fuldenses''. Francia-Ahlfeldt Project.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bevensen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bämsen'' seu ''Bemsen'')</small> * [[Beckdorf]] * [[Beckedorf]] * [[Beckeln]] * [[Beedenbostel]] * [[Beesten]] * [[Beierstedt]] * [[Belm]] * [[Belum]] * [[Bendestorf]] * [[Berge (Niedersachsen)|Berge]] * [[Berga (Circulus Cellensis)|Bergen]] <small>(Lkr.Celle)</small> <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bergen an der Dumme]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'')</small> * [[Bergfeld]] * [[Berne]] * [[Bersenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Berumbur]] * [[Betheln]] * [[Betzendorf]] * [[Bevern (Landkreis Holzminden)|Bevern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Beverstedt]] * [[Bienenbüttel]] * [[Bilshausen]] * [[Binethemum]]<ref name="Meiborn III II 1688">Meibom, H. (1688). ''Rerum Germanicarum Tomi III: Dissertationen et Chronica Regia'' (Vol. II). Helmestadii: Typis Georgii Wolfgangi Hammii.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bentheim'')</small> * [[Binnen]] * [[Bippen]] * [[Bispingen]] * [[Bissendorf]] * [[Bleckede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Blender (Landkreis Verden)|Blender]] * [[Bliedersdorf]] * [[Blomberg (circulus Widmundensis)|Blomberg]] * [[Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> * [[Bockenem]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bockhorn (Friesland)|Bockhorn]] * [[Bockhorst]] * [[Bodendicum]]<ref name="Brosius 1985">Brosius, D. (1985). ''Aus der Geschichte der Burg Bodenteich''. Ecomed Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Bodenteich''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bonndiek'')</small> * [[Bodenfelde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bodensee (Saxonia Inferior)|Bodensee]] * [[Bodenwerder]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Boffzen]] * [[Böhme (Niedersachsen)|Böhme]] * [[Bohmte]] * [[Boitze]] * [[Bokensdorf]] * [[Bomlitz]] * [[Börger]] * [[Borkum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Börßum]] * [[Borstel (Landkreis Diepholz)|Borstel]] * [[Bösel]] * [[Bötersen]] * [[Bothel]] * [[Bovenden]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brachia (Germania)|Brachia]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Brake''; [[Saxonice]] ''Braak'' seu ''Broak'')</small> * [[Brackel]] * [[Bramsche]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Braunlage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Breddenberg]] * [[Breddorf]] * [[Bremervörde]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Brest (Niedersachsen)|Brest]] * [[Brevörde]] * [[Brietlingen]] * [[Brinkum (Stuhr)|Brinkum]] * [[Brockel]] * [[Bröckel]] * [[Brockum]] * [[Brome]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Brunsvicum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Brüggen (Leine)|Brüggen]] * [[Buchholz (bei Stadthagen)|Buchholz]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz (Aller)]] ? <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Buchholz in der Nordheide]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bückeburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Bücken]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Büddenstedt]] * [[Bühren]] * [[Bülkau]] * [[Bülstedt]] * [[Bunde]] * [[Burgdorf (Circulus Guelpherbytensis)|Burgdorf]] <small>(Landkreis Wolfenbüttel)</small> * '''[[Burgdorf]]''' <small>(Region Hannover)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Burgwedel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Burweg]] * [[Butjadingen]] * [[Buxtehude]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === C === {{div col|3}} * [[Cadenberge]] * [[Calberlah]] * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'')</small> * [[Cappel (Niedersachsen)|Cappel]] * [[Cappeln (Oldenburg)]] * [[Cella (Germania)|Cella]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Celle'')</small> * [[Clausthal-Zellerfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Clenze]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Cloppenburgum]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Cloppenburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cloppenborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Kloppenbuurich'')</small> * [[Colnrade]] * [[Coppenbrügge]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Coppengrave]] * [[Cramme]] * [[Cremlingen]] * [[Cuxhavia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Cuxhaven''; [[Saxonice]] ''Cuxhoben'')</small> {{div col end}} === D === {{div col|3}} * [[Dahlem (Niedersachsen)|Dahlem]] * [[Dahlenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dahlum]] * [[Damme (Dümmer)|Damme]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Damnatz]] * [[Danndorf]] * [[Dannenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dassel]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dedelstorf]] * [[Deensen]] * [[Deinste]] * [[Deinstedt]] * [[Delligsen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Delmenhorstium]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Denkte]] * [[Derental]] * [[Dersum]] * [[Despetal]] * [[Detern]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dettum]] * [[Deutsch Evern]] * [[Dickel]] * [[Didderse]] * [[Diekholzen]] * [[Dielmissen]] * [[Diepenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Diepholz''; [[Saxonice]] ''Deefholt'')</small> * [[Dinklage]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dissen am Teutoburger Wald]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Dohren (Emsland)|Dohren]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Dohren]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Dollern]] * [[Dornum]] * [[Dörpen]] * [[Dorstadt]] * [[Dorum]] * [[Dörverden]] * [[Dötlingen]] * [[Drage (Elbe)|Drage]] * [[Drakenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Drangstedt]] * [[Dransfeld]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Drebber]] * [[Drentwede]] * [[Drestedt]] * [[Drochtersen]] * [[Düdenbüttel]] * [[Duderstadt]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Duingen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Dünsen]] * [[Dunum]] {{div col end}} === E === {{div col|3}} * [[Ebbestorpium]]<ref name="Jaitner 1985">Jaitner, K. (Ed.) (1985). ''Urkundenbuch des Klosters Ebstorf (Lüneburger Urkundenbuch, 14. Abteilung)''. Lax Verlag.</ref> <small>[[oppidum]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ebstörp'')</small> * [[Ebergötzen]] * [[Eberholzen]] * [[Ebersdorfium (Saxonia Inferior)|Ebersdorfium]]<ref name="Ebersdorfium">Theodiscum toponymum ''Ebersdorf' in Latinam "Ebersdorfium" verti solet. V.gr. vide [https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Ebersdorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Eversdörp'')</small> * [[Echem]] * [[Edemissen]] * [[Edewecht]] * [[Egestorf]] * [[Eggermühlen]] * [[Ehra-Lessien]] * [[Ehrenburg (Niedersachsen)|Ehrenburg]] * [[Eickeloh]] * [[Eicklingen]] * [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'')</small> * [[Eime]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Eimen]] * [[Eimke]] * [[Einbeck]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Elbe (Niedersachsen)|Elbe]] * [[Elbingerode (bei Herzberg am Harz)|Elbingerode]] * [[Eldingen]] * [[Elmlohe]] * [[Elsdorf (Niedersachsen)|Elsdorf]] * [[Elsfleth]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Elze]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Embsen]] * [[Emda]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Emlichheim]] * [[Emmendorf]] * [[Emmerthal]] * [[Emsbüren]] * [[Emstek]] * [[Emtinghausen]] * [[Engden]] * [[Engelschoff]] * [[Erkerode]] * [[Ermelstorpium]]<ref name="Pratje 1759"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Armstorf''; [[Saxonice]] ''Armsdörp'')</small> * [[Esche]] * [[Eschede]] * [[Eschershausen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Esens]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Essel]] * [[Essen (Oldenburgum)]] * [[Esterwegen]] * [[Estorf (Landkreis Stade)|Estorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Estorf (Weser)|Estorf]] <small>(Weser)</small> * [[Everode]] * [[Eversmeer]] * [[Evessen]] * [[Eydelstedt]] * [[Eyendorf]] * [[Eystrup]] {{div col end}} === F === {{div col|3}} * [[Fallingbostela]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Bad Fallingbostel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Fambossel'')</small> * [[Fardium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Verden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Veern'')</small> * [[Farven]] * [[Faßberg]] * [[Filsum]] * [[Fintel]] * [[Firrel]] * [[Flögeln]] * [[Flöthe]] * [[Frankenfeld]] * [[Freden]] * [[Fredenbeck]] * [[Freiburg/Elbe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Freistatt]] * [[Frellstedt]] * [[Freren]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Fresenburg]] * [[Friedeburg]] * [[Friedlandia (Saxonia Inferior)|Friedland]] * [[Friesoythe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Fürstenau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Furstenberga]] {{div col end}} === G === {{div col|3}} * [[Ganderkesee]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Gandershemium]]<ref>[http://books.google.fi/books?id=6kwBAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA27&lpg=PA27&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=_NMr2DmhUK&sig=CXPUuuKZ8W03AC7uB3YlYYNscJ4&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false R. p. Hertenberger: ''Historia pragmatica universalis, sacra et profana''], p.27; [http://books.google.fi/books?id=yScyAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=Gandershemium&source=bl&ots=ZoGX4tZRRD&sig=8fUZc6grFgYD0jN-twVcDyzarYI&hl=fi&sa=X&ei=7z7WUrfrO8iC4gTGxoGYCw&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Gandershemium&f=false ''Acta Sanctorum, Junii'' (1698-1717), cit. in ''A Companion to Hrotsvit of Gandersheim (fl. 960)''], p. 58 n.103.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Gandersheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ganderssen'')</small> * [[Gandesbergen]] * [[Garbsen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Garlstorf]] * [[Garrel]] * [[Garstedt]] * [[Gartow]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Geeste]] * [[Geestland]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gehrde]] * [[Gehrden]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Georgsdorf]] * [[Georgsmarienhütte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Gerdau]] * [[Gersten]] * [[Getelo]] * [[Gevensleben]] * [[Gevera]]<ref name="Egli 1893"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Jever'')</small> * [[Geversdorf]] * [[Gieboldehausen]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Giesen]] * [[Gifhorna]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Gifhorn'')</small> * [[Gilten]] * [[Glandorf]] * [[Gleichen]] * [[Gnarrenburg]] * [[Gödenstorf]] * [[Göhrde]] * [[Goldenstedt]] * [[Gölenkamp]] * [[Golmbach]] * [[Gorleben]] * [[Goslaria]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Goslar''; [[Saxonice]] ''Goslär'')</small> * [[Gottinga]]<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=kkM-AAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=gottingensis&lr=&cd=14#v=onepage&q=&f=false Libri Googles].</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Göttingen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Chöttingen'')</small> * [[Grafhorst]] * [[Grasberg]] * [[Grasleben]] * [[Grethem]] * [[Gronau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Groß Berßen]] * [[Großefehn]] * [[Großenkneten]] * [[Großenwörden]] * [[Großheide]] * [[Groß Ippener]] * [[Groß Meckelsen]] * [[Groß Oesingen]] * [[Groß Twülpstedt]] * [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus E-M">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050913 ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 2. E-M''].</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Grund'')</small> * [[Grünendeich]] * [[Guderhandviertel]] * [[Guelpherbytum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfenbüttel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfenbüttel'')</small> * [[Gusborn]] * [[Gyhum]] {{div col end}} === H === {{div col|3}} * [[Hademstorf]] * [[Haga Schauenburgi]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stadthagen'')</small> * [[Hage]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagen am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Hagen im Bremischen]] * [[Hagenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Hagermarsch]] * [[Hahausen]] * [[Halbemond]] * [[Halle (comitatus Binethensis)|Halle]] <small>(b.Neuenhaus)</small> * [[Halle (Holtisminni)|Halle]] <small>(Montes Visurgis)</small> * [[Halvesbostel]] * [[Hamala]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hameln'')</small> * [[Hambergen]] * [[Hambühren]] * [[Hämelhausen]] * [[Hamersen]] * [[Hammah]] * [[Handeloh]] * [[Handorf]] * [[Handrup]] * [[Hankensbüttel]] * [[Hannovera]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[caput (urbs)|caput]] [[Terra foederalis (Germania)|terrae foederalis]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hannover''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hannober'')</small> * [[Hann. Münden]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Hanstedt (Circulus Uelzen)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Lkr.Uelzen)</small> * [[Hanstedt (Nordheide)|Hanstedt]] <small>(Nordheide)</small> * [[Harbarnsen]] * [[Hardegsen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haren (Amisia)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Harmstorf]] * [[Harpstedt]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsefeld]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Harsum]] * [[Hartsburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Harzburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Harzeborg'')</small> * [[Hasbergen]] * [[Haselünne]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Haßbergen]] * [[Hassel (Weser)]] * [[Hassendorf]] * [[Haste]] * [[Hatten]] * [[Hattorf ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Häuslingen]] * [[Haverlah]] * [[Hechthausen]] * [[Hedeper]] * [[Heede (Emsland)|Heede]] * [[Heemsen]] * [[Heere]] * [[Heeslingen]] * [[Heeßen]] * [[Hehlen]] * [[Heidenau (Saxonia Inferior)|Heidenau]] * [[Heinade]] * [[Heinbockel]] * [[Heiningen (Niedersachsen)|Heiningen]] * [[Heinsen]] * [[Hellwege]] * [[Helmstadium]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Helmstedt''; [[Saxonice]] ''Helmstidde'')</small> * [[Helpsen]] * [[Helvesiek]] * [[Hemmingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hemsbünde]] * [[Hemslingen]] * [[Hemsloh]] * [[Hepstedt]] * [[Herzberg am Harz]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Herzlake]] * [[Hesel]] * [[Hespe]] * [[Hessisch Oldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Heuerßen]] * [[Heyen]] * [[Hildesia]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Hildesheim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Hilmessen'' seu ''Hilmssen'')</small> * [[Hilgermissen]] * [[Hilkenbrook]] * [[Hillerse]] * [[Hilter am Teutoburger Wald]] * [[Himbergen]] * [[Himmelpforten]] * [[Hinte]] * [[Hipstedt]] * [[Hittbergen]] * [[Hitzacker]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hodenhagen]] * [[Höhbeck]] * [[Hohenhameln]] * [[Hohne]] * [[Hohnhorst]] * [[Hohnstorf (Albis)]] * [[Holdorf (Niedersachsen)|Holdorf]] * [[Holenberg]] * [[Holle]] * [[Hollenstedt]] * [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] * [[Hollnseth]] * [[Holste]] * [[Holtgast]] * [[Holtisminni]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Holzminden''; [[Saxonice]] ''Holtsminne'')</small> * [[Holtland]] * [[Holzen (bei Eschershausen)|Holzen]] * [[Hoogstede]] * [[Hörden ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Horneburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Horstedt (Niedersachsen)|Horstedt]] * [[Hoya]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Hoyerhagen]] * [[Hoyershausen]] * [[Hude (Oldenburg)]] * [[Hüde]] * [[Hülsede]] * [[Husum (bei Nienburg)|Husum]] * [[Hüven]] {{div col end}} === I === {{div col|3}} * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig'')</small> * [[Ihlienworth]] * [[Ihlow (Frisia Orientalis)|Ihlow]] * [[Ilsede]] * [[Ingeleben]] * [[Isenbüttel]] * [[Isernhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Isterberg]] * [[Itterbeck]] {{div col end}} === J === {{div col|3}} * [[Jade (Saxonia Inferior)|Jade]] * [[Jameln]] * [[Jelmstorf]] * [[Jembke]] * [[Jemgum]] * [[Jerxheim]] * [[Jesteburg]] * [[Jork]] * [[Jühnde]] * [[Juist]] {{div col end}} === K === {{div col|3}} * [[Kakenstorf]] * [[Kalbe (Niedersachsen)|Kalbe]] * [[Kalefeld]] * [[Karwitz]] * [[Katlenburg-Lindau]] * [[Kettenkamp]] * [[Kirchbrak]] * [[Kirchdorf (bei Sulingen)|Kirchdorf]] * [[Kirchgellersen]] * [[Kirchlinteln]] * [[Kirchseelte]] * [[Kirchtimke]] * [[Kirchwalsede]] * [[Kissenbrück]] * [[Klein Berßen]] * [[Klein Meckelsen]] * [[Kluse (Emsland)|Kluse]] * [[Kneitlingen]] * [[Köhlen]] * [[Königsmoor]] * [[Kranenburg (Oste)|Kranenburg]] * [[Krebeck]] * [[Krummendeich]] * [[Krummhörn]] * [[Kührstedt]] * [[Küsten]] * [[Kutenholz]] {{div col end}} === L === {{div col|3}} * [[Laar]] * [[Laatzen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Lachendorf]] * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'')</small> * [[Lage (Saxonia Inferior)|Lage]] * [[Lähden]] * [[Lahn (Hümmling)|Lahn]] * ''[[Lamspringe]]'' * [[Lamstedt]] * [[Landesbergen]] * [[Landolfshausen]] * [[Landwehr (Gemeinde)|Landwehr]] * [[Langelsheim]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * '''[[Langen (bei Bremerhaven)|Langen]]''' <small>(b.Bremerhaven)</small> * [[Langen (Emsland)|Langen]] <small>(Emsland)</small> * [[Langendorf (Elbe)|Langendorf]] * [[Langenhagen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Langeoog]] * [[Langlingen]] * [[Langwedel (Weser)|Langwedel]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lastrup]] * [[Lathen]] * [[Lauenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenbrück]] * [[Lauenförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lauenhagen]] * [[Leese]] * [[Leezdorf]] * [[Lehe (Emsland)|Lehe]] * [[Lehre (Niedersachsen)|Lehre]] * [[Lehrte]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Leiferde]] * [[Lembruch]] * [[Lemförde]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Lemgow]] * [[Lemwerder]] * [[Lengede]] * [[Lengenbostel]] * [[Lengerich (Emsland)|Lengerich]] * [[Lenne (Niedersachsen)|Lenne]] * [[Leri]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Leer''; [[lingua Saxonica|Orientofrisosaxonice]] ''Läär''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lier'')</small> * [[Liebenau (Niedersachsen)|Liebenau]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Liebenburg]] * [[Lilienthal]] * [[Lindern (Oldenburg)]] * [[Lindhorst]] * [[Lindwedel]] * [[Lingen (Ems)]] <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Linsburg]] * [[Lintig]] * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Westerstede''; [[Saxonice]] ''Westerstäe'')</small> * [[Lohne (Oldenburg)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Löningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Lorup]] * [[Loxstedt]] * [[Lübberstedt]] * [[Lübbow]] * [[Luchovia]]<ref name="Luchovia">Vide [https://ia801403.us.archive.org/28/items/antiquitatessele00keys/antiquitatessele00keys.pdf ''Antiquitates selectae septentrionales et Celticae''], ubi dicitur "(...) De Venedicis aut Germanicis prope Luchoviam effossis Epistola ''Georgii Frid, Mithofii'' data Luchovia d. 17. Maji 1691 (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüchow''; [[Polabice]] ''Ljauchüw'')</small> * [[Luckau (Saxonia Inferior)|Luckau]] * [[Lüder (Lüneburger Heide)|Lüder]] * [[Lüdersburg]] * [[Lüdersfeld]] * [[Lüerdissen]] * [[Luhden]] * [[Luneburgum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>magna urbs sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Lüneburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Lümborg'' seu ''Lünborg''; [[Lingua Saxonica antiqua|Palaeosaxonice]] ''Hliuni'')</small> * [[Lünne]] * [[Lütetsburg]] * ''[[Lutter am Barenberge]]'' * [[Luttera Regalis]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Königslutter am Elm'')</small> {{div col end}} === M === {{div col|3}} * [[Maasen]] * [[Marienhafe]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Marienhagen]] * [[Mariental (Niedersachsen)|Mariental]] * [[Marklohe]] * [[Marl (Dümmer)|Marl]] * [[Marschacht]] * [[Martfeld]] * [[Marxen]] * [[Mechtersen]] * [[Meerbeck]] * [[Meine]] * [[Meinersen]] * [[Melbeck]] * [[Melle]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Mellinghausen]] * [[Menslage]] * [[Meppea]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Meppen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Möppen'')</small> * [[Merzen]] * [[Messenkamp]] * [[Messingen]] * [[Midlum (Land Wursten)|Midlum]] * [[Misselwarden]] * [[Mittelnkirchen]] * [[Mittelstenahe]] * [[Moisburg]] * [[Molbergen]] * [[Moormerland]] * [[Moorweg]] * [[Moringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Müden (Alara)]] * [[Mulsum (Land Wursten)|Mulsum]] * [[Mundia Hannoverana]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Munimeri]]<ref name="Dronke 1844">Dronke, E. F. J. (Ed.) (1844). ''Traditiones et Antiquitates Fuldenses: Chartae et registra historica saeculi IX''. Fuldense: Typis Müllerianis.</ref> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Münder am Deister''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Münner'')</small> * [[Munster (Örtze)|Munster]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === N === {{div col|3}} * [[Nahrendorf]] * [[Natendorf]] * [[Neetze]] * [[Negenborn]] * [[Nenndorf (circulus Widmundensis)|Nenndorf]] * [[Neubörger]] * [[Neu Darchau]] * [[Neuenhaus]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Altes Land)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Altes Land)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (bei Bassum)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(b.Bassum)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Land Hadeln)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Land Hadeln)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Landkreis Osnabrück)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lkr.Osnabrück)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen (Lüneburger Heide)|Neuenkirchen]] <small>(Lüneb.Heide)</small> * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] * [[Neuharlingersiel]] * [[Neuhaus (Oste)]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Neuhof (Landkreis Hildesheim)|Neuhof]] * [[Neukamperfehn]] * [[Neulehe]] * [[Neuschoo]] * [[Neustadt am Rübenberge]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Neu Wulmstorf]] * [[Niederlangen]] * [[Niedernwöhren]] * [[Niemetal]] * [[Nienhagen (Landkreis Celle)|Nienhagen]] * [[Nienstädt]] * [[Norden]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordenham]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Norderney]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Nordholz]] * [[Nordleda]] * [[Nordsehl]] * [[Nordstemmen]] * [[Nörten-Hardenberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Northemium]]<ref name="Nothemium">Vide [https://mateo.uni-mannheim.de/camenahist/wassenberg1/Wassenberg_florus.html ''FLORUS GERMANICUS''] , ubi dicitur "(...) Et VVolferbytum, Northemium, Steinbruggam, Nienburgum (...) Primo vere Tillius tribunos suos Northemium misit (...) Caesaeriani Northemium expugnant (...)".</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Northeim''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nuurten'')</small> * [[Northorna]]<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nordhorn''; [[Saxonice]] ''Nothoorn'' seu ''Notthoarn'' seu ''Netthoarn'' seu ''Noordhoorn'')</small> * [[Nortmoor]] * [[Nortrup]] * [[Nottensdorf]] * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Nienburg/Weser''; [[Saxonice]] ''Näinborg'' seu ''Nienborg'' seu ''Neenborg'' seu ''Negenborg'')</small> {{div col end}} === O === {{div col|3}} * [[Oberlangen]] * [[Oberndorf (Oste)|Oberndorf]] * [[Obernfeld]] * [[Obernholz]] * [[Obernkirchen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ochtersum]] * [[Odisheim]] * [[Oederquart]] * [[Oerel]] * [[Oetzen]] * [[Ohne]] * [[Ohrum]] * [[Oldenburgum]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Oldendorf (Landkreis Stade)|Oldendorf]] <small>(Lkr.Stade)</small> * [[Oldendorf (Luhe)]] * [[Osloß]] * [[Osnabruga]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Osnabrück''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Ossenbrääch''; [[Saxonice]] et [[Lingua Saxonica|Westfalice]] ''Ossenbrügge'')</small> * [[Osteel]] * [[Osten (Oste)|Osten]] * [[Osterbruch]] * [[Ostercappeln]] * [[Ostereistedt]] * [[Osterode am Harz]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Osterwald]] * [[Ostrhauderfehn]] * [[Ottenstein (Niedersachsen)|Ottenstein]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Otter]] * [[Otterndorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Ottersberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Ovelgönne]] * [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Auhagen'')</small> * [[Oyten]] {{div col end}} === P === {{div col|3}} * [[Padingbüttel]] * [[Papenburg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Parsau]] * [[Pattensen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Pegestorf]] * [[Pennigsehl]] * [[Petrimons]]<ref name="Perizonius 1758">Perizonius, J. (1758). ''Compendium historiarum antiquissimarum, civilium et ecclesiasticarum, usque ad seculum decimum octavum: Cum appendice de ducatu Westphaliae et comitatu Petrimontano''. Ex officina Wetsteniana.</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Pyrmont''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Puurmont'')</small> * [[Pohle]] * [[Polle]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Pollhagen]] * [[Poynum]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Peine''; [[Saxonice]] ''Paane''; [[Lingua Theodisca alta recens|Protoneoaltotheodisce]] ''Peina'')</small> * [[Praefectura Neohusana]]<ref name="Grupen II 1742">Grupen, C. U. (1742). ''Disceptationes Forenses cum Observationibus Juris: De originibus et iurisdictione praefecturarum ditionis Brunsvicensis (Caput de Praefectura Neohusana)'' (Vol. II). Hannoverae: Förster.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Amt Neuhaus'')</small> * [[Prezelle]] * [[Prinzhöfte]] {{div col end}} === Q === {{div col|3}} * [[Quakenbrück]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Quendorf]] * [[Querenhorst]] * [[Quernheim]] {{div col end}} === R === {{div col|3}} * [[Räbke]] * [[Radbruch]] * [[Raddestorf]] * [[Rastdorf]] * [[Rastede]] * [[Rätzlingen (Niedersachsen)|Rätzlingen]] * [[Rechtsupweg]] * [[Reeßum]] * [[Regesbostel]] * [[Rehburg-Loccum]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rehden]] * [[Rehlingen]] * [[Reinstorf]] * [[Remlingen (Niedersachsen)|Remlingen]] * [[Renkenberge]] * [[Rennau]] * [[Reppenstedt]] * [[Rethem (Aller)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rhade]] * [[Rhauderfehn]] * [[Rhede (Ems)]] * [[Rheden (Niedersachsen)|Rheden]] * [[Rhumspringe]] * [[Ribbesbüttel]] * [[Riede (Landkreis Verden)|Riede]] * [[Rieste]] * [[Ringe]] * [[Ringstedt]] * [[Rinteln]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Ritterhude]] * [[Rodenberg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Rodewald]] * [[Rohrsen]] * [[Roklum]] * [[Rollshausen]] * [[Römstedt]] * [[Ronnenberg]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Rosche]] * [[Rosdorf]] * [[Rosengarten (Landkreis Harburg)|Rosengarten]] * [[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]<ref name="Rotenburgum ad Wemmam">De Latino toponymico syntagmate "[[Rotenburgum ad Wemmam]]" -ad quod Latinum gentilicium "Rotenburgensis-e" refertur-, vide homonymas urbes apud {{Graesse}} et {{Hofmannus}}. De hydronymo "[[Wemma]]", etiam vide {{Graesse}}.</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Rotenburg''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Rotenburg an der Wümme''; [[Saxonice]] ''Rodenborg'')</small> * [[Rötgesbüttel]] * [[Rüdershausen]] * [[Rühen]] * [[Rullstorf]] {{div col end}} === S === {{div col|3}} * [[Sachsenhagen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sagterlandia]]<ref name="BOV 2013">Bischöfliches Offizialat Vechta (2013). ''Findbuch des Offizialatsarchivs Vechta: Altes Archiv (Abteilung A: Saterlandia, Kirchliche Unterlagen, Akte A 8: „Informatio de Sagterlandia“ aus dem Jahre 1710)''. Vechtae, in Germania: Bischöfliches Offizialat.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Saterland''; quoque [[Theodisce]] ''Sagterland''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Seelterlound'')</small> * [[Salis Cancellum]]<ref name="Cellarius 1703"/> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Salzgitter''; [[Saxonice]] ''Soltgitter'')</small> * [[Salzbergen]] * [[Salzdetfordium]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Salzdetfurth'')</small> * [[Salzhausen]] * [[Salzhemmendorf]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Samern]] * [[Sandbostel]] * [[Sande (Frisia)|Sande]] * [[Sarstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Sassenburg]] * [[Sathsa]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>[[urbs]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Sachsa'')</small> * [[Sauensiek]] * [[Schapen]] * [[Scharnebeck]] * [[Scheden]] * [[Scheeßel]] * [[Schellerten]] * [[Schiffdorf]] * [[Schladen-Werla]] * [[Schnackenburg]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schnega]] * [[Schneverdingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Scholen]] * [[Schönewörde]] * [[Schöningen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schöppenstedt]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schortens]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Schüttorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Schwaförden]] * [[Schwanewede]] * [[Schwarme]] * [[Schwarmstedt]] * [[Schweindorf]] * [[Schweringen]] * [[Schwerinsdorf]] * [[Schwienau]] * [[Schwülper]] * [[Seeburg (Niedersachsen)|Seeburg]] * [[Seedorf (bei Zeven)|Seedorf]] * [[Seelze]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seesen]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Seevetal]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Seggebruch]] * [[Sehlde]] * [[Sehlem (Niedersachsen)|Sehlem]] * [[Sehnde]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Selsingen]] * [[Semmenstedt]] * [[Seulingen]] * [[Sibbesse]] * [[Sickte]] * [[Siedenburg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Sittensen]] * [[Soderstorf]] * [[Sögel]] * [[Söhlde]] * [[Söllingen (Niedersachsen)|Söllingen]] * [[Soltau]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Soltendieck]] * [[Sottrum]] * [[Spahnharrenstätte]] * [[Spelle]] * [[Spiekeroog]] * [[Sprakensehl]] * [[Springe]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Stadae]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Stade''; [[Saxonice]] ''Stood'')</small> * [[Stadlandia]]<ref>Ioannes Iustus Wynkelman, [https://books.google.com/books?id=WvgaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA617&lpg=PA617&dq=statlandia+saxonia&source=bl&ots=Ysl9JI4L06&sig=2y6x3I38sU3-RcrP0HtnSkUxssI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCwQ6AEwA2oVChMIwqiv-NWMxgIVQgmSCh2CZwDj#v=onepage&q=statlandia%20saxonia&f=false ''Notitia historico-politica veteris Saxo-Westphaliae finitimarumque regionum,''] 1667:277.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Stadland'')</small> * [[Stadtoldendorf]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Staffhorst]] * [[Staufenberg]] * [[Stavern]] * [[Stedesdorf]] * [[Steimbke]] * [[Steinau (Niedersachsen)|Steinau]] * [[Steinfeld (Oldenburg)]] * [[Steinhorst (Niedersachsen)|Steinhorst]] * [[Steinkirchen (Altes Land)|Steinkirchen]] * [[Stelle]] * [[Stemmen (Landkreis Rotenburg)|Stemmen]] * [[Stemshorn]] * [[Steyerberg]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Stinstedt]] * [[Stöckse]] * [[Stoetze]] * [[Stolzenau]] * [[Stuhr]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Südbrookmerland]] * [[Suderburg]] * [[Südergellersen]] * [[Südheide]] * [[Sudwalde]] * [[Suhlendorf]] * [[Sulingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Süpplingen]] * [[Süpplingenburg]] * [[Süstedt]] * [[Sustrum]] * [[Surwold]] * [[Suthfeld]] * [[Syke]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === T === {{div col|3}} * [[Tappenbeck]] * [[Tarmstedt]] * [[Tespe]] * [[Thedinghausen]] * [[Thomasburg]] * [[Thuine]] * [[Tiddische]] * [[Tiste]] * [[Toppenstedt]] * [[Tostedt]] * [[Tosterglope]] * [[Trebel]] * [[Tülau]] * [[Twieflingen]] * [[Twist (Emsland)|Twist]] * [[Twistringen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === U === {{div col|3}} * [[Uchte]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Uehrde]] * [[Uelsen]] * [[Uetze]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Ulsena]]<ref name="Graesse"/> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Uelzen''; quoque [[Saxonice]] ''Ülz’n'')</small> * [[Ummern]] * [[Undeloh]] * [[Upgant-Schott]] * [[Uplengen]] * [[Uslar]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Utarp]] {{div col end}} === V === {{div col|3}} * [[Vahlberg]] * [[Vahlbruch]] * [[Vahlde]] * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Auetal'')</small> * [[Varel]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Varrel]] * [[Vastorf]] * [[Vechelde]] * [[Velpke]] * [[Veltheim (Ohe)]] * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Vechta''; [[Saxonice]] ''Vechte'')</small> * [[Vicus Adelaidis]]<ref name="ALF 2016">Academia Latinitati Fovendae (2016). ''Commentarii Academiae Latinitati Fovendae: De novis parochiis et communibus Saxoniae Inferioris textus'' (Vol. XXIV). Romae: Herder.</ref> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Adelheidsdorf'')</small> * [[Vierden]] * [[Vierhöfen]] * [[Vildhusia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wildeshausen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wilshusen'')</small> * [[Visbek]] * [[Visselhövede]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Vögelsen]] * [[Vollersode]] * [[Voltlage]] * [[Vordorf]] * [[Vorwerk (Niedersachsen)|Vorwerk]] * [[Vrees]] {{div col end}} === W === {{div col|3}} * [[Waake]] * [[Waddeweitz]] * [[Wagenfeld]] * [[Wagenhoff]] * [[Wahrenholz]] * [[Walchum]] * [[Walkenried]] * [[Wallenhorst]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wallmoden]] * [[Walsrode]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wangelnstedt]] * [[Wangerland]] * [[Wangerooge]] * [[Wanna]] * [[Warberg]] * [[Wardenburg]] * [[Warmsen]] * [[Warpe]] * [[Wasbüttel]] * [[Wathlingen]] * [[Wedemark]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Weener]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Weenzen]] * [[Wehrbleck]] * [[Welle]] * [[Wendeburg]] * [[Wendisch Evern]] * [[Wennigsen]] * [[Wenzendorf]] * [[Werdum]] * [[Werlte]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Werpeloh]] * [[Wesendorf]] * [[Weste (Niedersachsen)|Weste]] * [[Westergellersen]] * [[Westerholt]] * [[Westertimke]] * [[Westerwalsede]] * [[Westfeld (Niedersachsen)|Westfeld]] * [[Westoverledingen]] * [[Wetschen]] * [[Wettrup]] * [[Weyhausen]] * [[Weyhe]] <small>commune sui iuris</small> * [[Wieda]] * [[Wiedensahl]] <small>[[oppidum]]</small> * [[Wiefelstede]] * [[Wielen]] * [[Wienhausen]] * [[Wiesmoor]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wietmarschen]] * [[Wietze]] * [[Wietzen]] * [[Wietzendorf]] * [[Wilhelmshaven]] <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wilstedt]] * [[Wilsum]] * [[Wingst]] * [[Winkelsett]] * [[Winnigstedt]] * [[Winsen (Aller)]] * [[Winsenia]]<ref name="Büttner">Büttner, D. S. (1710). ''Rudera Diluvii Testes, i.e. Zeichnung und Abbildung derer Columnarum Sceletonum''. Gottfried Zimmermann.</ref> <small>(ad [[Luya]]m<ref name="Graesse"/>)</small> <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Winsen'')</small> * [[Winzenburg]] * [[Wippingen]] * [[Wirdum]] * [[Wischhafen]] * [[Wistedt]] * [[Witmundia]]<ref>E.g., [[Ioannes Luyts|Ioannis Luyts]] ''Introductio ad Geographiam novam et veterem'', Ultraiecti 1692, [https://books.google.fr/books?id=_o0YP3-9VTMC&pg=PA281&dq=Witmundia&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjShLT7vdDrAhVJw4sKHZLLCokQ6AEwAnoECAMQAg#v=onepage&q=Witmundia&f=false p. 281].</ref> <small>[[urbs]] et [[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circuli terrae]] [[caput (urbs)|caput]]</small> <small>([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wittmund'')</small> * [[Wittingen]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Wittmar]] * [[Wittorf]] * [[Wohnste]] * [[Wolfsburgum]]<ref>Vide nomini arcis: Samuel Pufendorfus, ''Commentariorum de rebus Suecicis libri XXVI'' {{Google Books|lV1PAAAAcAAJ|pag. 457 et 475}}, ''Nova Acta Eruditorum'' {{Google Books|eGFlITDJFSMC|pag. 487}}, Lipsiae, anno 1756, ac ''Itininerarium Thomae Carve, Tipperariensis'' ([https://archive.org/details/itinerariumthom00kerngoog/page/n182 pag. 108]).</ref> <small>[[Index circulorum Germanicorum|circulus urbanus]] et [[urbs]]</small> </small> <small>([[Theodisce]] ''Wolfsburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Wulfsborg''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Wolfsbuurich'')</small> * [[Wollbrandshausen]] * [[Wollershausen]] * [[Wölpinghausen]] * [[Wolsdorf]] * [[Woltersdorf (Wendland)|Woltersdorf]] * [[Woltershausen]] * [[Worpswede]] * [[Wremen]] * [[Wrestedt]] * [[Wriedel]] * [[Wulfsen]] * [[Wulften ad Harthicos montes]] * [[Wunstorf]] <small>commune sui iuris et [[urbs]]</small> * [[Wustrow (Saxonia Inferior)]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> {{div col end}} === Z === {{div col|3}} * [[Zernien]] * [[Zetel]] * [[Zeven]] <small>[[urbs]]</small> * [[Zorge]] {{div col end}} ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris|!]] e4utq9xa1hz8w7xxjl47ntfdey1o1oy 0 227414 3974429 3571194 2026-07-25T05:24:22Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974429 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Remedello Sopra castello.jpg|thumb|Castrum Remetelli Superioris]] '''Remetellum'''<ref>[http://brixiasacra.it/PDF_Brixia_Sacra/monografie%20e%20miscellanee/BS_2006_3.pdf BRIXIA SACRA - MEMORIE STORICHE DELLA DIOCESI DI BRESCIA - II. Bassa centrale e orientale]</ref> {{victio|Remetellum|i|n}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Remedello|Remedello]]'') est [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 3&thinsp;370 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Provincia Brixiana]] situm. Incolae ''Remetellenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == Municipium in [[Ager Brixianus Imus Orientalis|Agro Brixiano Imo Orientali]] situm. == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * [[Remetellum Inferius]] ''Remedello Sotto'' * [[Remetellum Superius]] ''Remedello Sopra''. == Municipia finitima == {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]] (''regio''), * [[Provincia Brixiana]], * [[Ager Brixianus Imus Orientalis]] (''terra''), * [[Brixia]] (''urbs''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20060204223246/http://www.comune.remedello.bs.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Remedello|Remetellum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Remedello (province of Brescia, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Brixiana. Fasciculus:Bassa_Bresciana.gif|Collocatio Agri Brixiani Imi in Provincia Brixiana. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Brixiae]] [[Categoria:Municipia Agri Brixiani Imi Orientalis]] 9oqmsoy5tftypv39825qzc5ivxscimx 0 227622 3974412 3828754 2026-07-25T02:30:37Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974412 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Antarctic-Overview-Map-EN.tif|thumb|Regio Antarctica.]] [[Fasciculus:SPSM.05.jpg|thumb|{{Creanda|en|Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station|Statio Amundsen-Scott}}<!--, the [[geographic South Pole]] is signposted in the background-->.]] [[Fasciculus:Mt Herschel, Antarctica, Jan 2006.jpg|thumb|{{Creanda|en|Moubray Bay|Sinus Moubray}} et {{Creanda|en|Mount Herschel|Mons Herschel}}, Antarctica Orientalis.]] [[Fasciculus:Grytviken museum.jpg|thumb|Museum Grytviken in {{Creanda|en|South Georgia|Georgia Australia|Georgia Australi}}.]] '''Regio Antarctica''' est {{Creanda|en|Polar regions of Earth|regio polaris}}, accurate [[regio]] circa [[polus australis|polem australem]] [[tellus|telluris]], adversus [[Arctica|regionem Arcticam]] circa [[polus septentrionalis|polum septentrionalem]] patens. Regio [[continens|continentem]] [[Antarctica]]m ac {{Creanda|en|Ice shelf|pluteus glaciei|pluteos glaciei}}, [[aqua]]s, et [[insula]]s in [[Oceanus Australis|Oceano Australi]] ad australem versus {{Creanda|en|Antarctic Convergence|Convergentia Antarctica|Convergentiam Antarcticam}} iacentes comprehendit.<ref>[http://www.scar.org/ Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR)]</ref> Regio 20 centesimas [[Hemisphaerium Australe|hemisphaerii australis]] amplectitur, quarum 5.5 centesimae<!-- (14 million km²)--> est [[superficies|superficialis]] [[continens|continentis]] [[area (geometria)|area]]. ==Vita fera== Varia [[animalia]] in Antarctica saltem partem anni [[habitatio|habitant]], inter quae sunt:<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/about_antarctica/wildlife/index.php|title=Antarctic Wildlife|publisher=Natural Environment Research Council - British Antarctic Survey}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.csiro.au/Portals/Education/Kids/Read-it/Polar-eyes/About-Antarctica/Antarctic-wildlife.aspx|title=Antarctic wildlife|publisher=Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation|author=Vanessa Woods|date=14 Octobris 2011}}.</ref> *[[Pinnipedia]] *[[Sphenisciformes]] *''{{Creanda|en|Anthus antarcticus|Anthus antarcticus}}'' [[Georgia Australis|Georgiae Australis]] *[[Diomedeidae]] *''{{Creanda|en|Thalassoica antarctica|Thalassoica antarctica}}'' *[[Cetacea]] *[[Pisces]], sicut {{Creanda|en|Notothenioidei|Notothenioidei}}, ''{{Creanda|en|Dissostichus mawsoni|Dissostichus mawsoni}}'' *{{Creanda|en|Squid|Teuthida}}, inter quae ''[[Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni]]'' *''{{Creanda|en|Euphausia superba|Euphausia superba}}'' {{NexInt}} *[[Circulus Antarcticus]]<!-- '''Insulsae:''' *[[South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands]] *[[Bouvet Island]] *[[Kerguelen Islands]] *[[Heard Island and McDonald Islands]] *[[South Orkney Islands]] *[[South Shetland Islands]] *[[Peter I Island]] *[[Scott Island]] *[[Balleny Islands]]--> ==Notae== <div class="references-small"><references/></div> ==Bibliographia== *Krupnik, Igor, Michael A. Lang, et Scott E. Miller, eds. [[2009]]. [http://www.sil.si.edu/smithsoniancontributions/proceedings/sc_RecordSingle.cfm?series=IPY&toplevel=1 ''Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science.''] Vasingtoniae: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. {{Wide image|061212-nordkapp.jpg|600px|Navis<!--Cruise--> ante [[Insula Petermann|Insulam Petermann]].<!--with the [[Kiev Peninsula]] of [[Graham Land]] in the background.-->}} ==Nexus externi== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090106182938/http://www.heritage-antarctica.org/AHT/HistoryHutPointCrew/ Antarctic Heritage Trusts,] www.heritage-antarctica.org *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120330163717/http://www.bsae2012.co.uk/ British Services Antarctic Expedition 2012,] www.bsae2012.co.uk *[http://www.cep.aq/ Committee for Environmental Protection of Antarctica,] www.cep.aq *[http://www.ats.aq/ Secretariatus Foederis Antarctici,] www.ats.aq<!-- *[http://www.ccamlr.org/ CCAMLR Commission] *[http://www.iaato.org/ International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators] *[http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/the_antarctic_convergence Map of the Antarctic Convergence] *[http://www.subantarctic.org.uk/ The South Atlantic and Subantarctic Islands]--> {{coord|90|00|S|00|00|W|region:AQ_type:landmark_source:kolossus-dewiki|display=title}} [[Categoria:Regio Antarctica| ]] oiwph5f4dgpj589v8gzztb1065v9nw4 0 239123 3974403 3170342 2026-07-25T02:13:10Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974403 wikitext text/x-wiki '''Insulae Frisicae Orientales''' (Germanice ''Ostfriesische Inseln'') grex 32 insularum in [[Mare Germanicum|Mari Germanico]] exacte in [[Mare Frisium|Mari Frisio]] situs est. Omnes insulae, quae inter quinque et decem chilometra a litore [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] distant, ad [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniam Inferiorem]] pertinent. == Insulae habitatae == [[Fasciculus:Ostfriesische-Inseln 2plus.jpg|500px|thumb|left|Insulae Frisicae Orientales a satellita visae<br /><small>1.&nbsp;Borkum 2.&nbsp;Kachelotplate 3.&nbsp;Lütje Hörn 4.&nbsp;Memmert 5.&nbsp;Juist 6.&nbsp;Norderney 7.&nbsp;Baltrumum 8.&nbsp;Langeoog 9.&nbsp;Spiekeroog 10.&nbsp;Wangerooge 11.&nbsp;Minsener Oog 12.&nbsp;Mellum</small>]] Septem insulae habitatae sunt, quae ab occidente ad orientalem nominantur: * [[Borkum]] commune [[Circulus Lerensis|Circuli Lerensis]]) * [[Juist]] (commune [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]]) * [[Norderney]] (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Baltrumum]] (commune Circuli Auriaci) * [[Langeoog]] (commune [[Circulus Widmundensis|Circuli Widmundensis]]) * [[Spiekeroog]] (commune Circuli Widmundensis) * [[Wangerooge]] (commune [[Circulus Frisicus|Circuli Frisici]]) == Insulae non habitatae == Alii minores non habitatae sunt, in iis est: * [[Memmert]], quae insula ad [[Aurich (circulus)|Circulum Aurich]] pertinet. * [[Lütje Hörn]], quae insula ad [[Circulus Lerensis|Circulum Lerensem]] pertinet. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.ostfriesische-inseln.de/ Pagina communis insularum administrationum] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Saxonia Inferior]] [[Categoria:Mare Germanicum]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] in0i832rbh6mpoe7fhpiw2afbp47vd8 0 239135 3974384 3973724 2026-07-25T01:15:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974384 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in WST.svg|thumb|Communia in circulo Ammerlandensi.]] '''Circulus Ammerlandensis'''<ref name="Egli 1893">Egli, J. J. (1893). ''Nomina Geographica: Sprach- und Sacherklärung von 42000 Geographischen Namen aller Erdräume''. [[Lipsia]]e: Friedrich Brandstetter.</ref> (Germanice ''Landkreis Ammerland''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1933]] conditus est et ad annum [[1946]] ad [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Liberam Civitatem Oldenburgensem]] pertinuit et deinde ad Saxoniam Inferiorem. Caput circuli urbs [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]] est. == De rebus gestis == Circulus anno [[1933]] nomine "magistratus Ammerlandensis" (''Amt Ammerland'') conditus est et ab anno [[1939]] "Circulus Ammerlandensis" nominatus est. Anno [[1946]] ad cum toto civitate Oldenburgensi ad Saxoniam Inferiorem transiit. Anno [[1938]] et [[1974]] numerus communium in circulo alteratus est. Annis [[1977]] ad usque [[1980]], cum [[Circulus Frisicus]] dissolutus est, [[Bockhorn]], [[Varel]] atque [[Zetel]] communia ad Circulum Ammerlandensem pertinuerunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt hodie communia huius circuli: * [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]]<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Zwischenahn''; [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] ''Twiskenoan'' seu ''Boad Twiskenoan''; [[Saxonice]] ''Twüschenahn'') (27.866 incolae) * [[Locus Occidentalis (Saxonia Inferior)|Locus Occidentalis]] (caput circuli, 21.919) * [[Edewecht]] (21.291) * [[Rastede]] (21.259) * [[Wiefelstede]] (15.453) * [[Apenum]]<ref name="Baring 1746">Baring, E. (1746). ''Succincta Hannoverae et ditionum vicinarum Notitia Historica: De antiquis pagis, ditionibus, gigerictis et parochiis ubi de Amelinghusio agitur''. Hanoverae: Typis Nicolae Försteri.</ref> (11.077) == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Ammerland|Circulum Ammerlandensem}} * [http://www.ammerland.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris|Circulus Ammerlandensis]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1933]] ksbj4e27fj5ygi2o1mox3qai4iadait 0 239238 3974382 3936700 2026-07-25T01:11:49Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974382 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Bad_Zwischenahn_Luftbild.JPG|thumb|left|Aquae Zwischenahnenses ex aere visae]] [[Fasciculus:Zwischenahn_-_zwischenahner_meer.JPG|thumb|left|Visus ab oppido ad [[Mare Zwischenahnense]]<ref name="Stieler 1683">Stieler, Casparo; ''Epithetorum selectorum brevissima delineatio''. Ienae: Typis Johannis Wertheri, 1683.</ref>]] '''Aquae Zwischenahnenses'''<ref name="Statisitakamt Nord 2025">Statistikamt Nord (Editio Latina). ''Catalogus Urbium et Communium Germaniae''. Hamburgi, 2025.</ref> (Theodisce ''Bad Zwischenahn'') est commune sui iuris [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et pars [[Circulus Paludosoterrensis|Circuli Paludosoterrensis]]. Ad Aquas Zwischenahnenses et [[vicus|vici]] Specken, Ekern, Dänikhorst, Ohrwege, Rostrup I et II, Elmendorf, Helle, Aschhausen, Kayhausen, Kayhauserfeld, Petersfehn I et II, Wehnen, Ofen atque Westerholtsfelde pertinent. == Historia == Aquarum Zwischenahnensium vicus anno [[1124]] primo in actis descriptus est, quo anno etiam conditus esse videtur. Postea Aquae Zwischenahnenses a comitibus [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Oldenburgensibus]] regnatae sunt. Annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuerunt. Ab anno [[1815]] Aquae Zwischenahnenses iterum ad Magnum Ducatum Oldenburgensem traditae sunt, qui post annum [[1918]] res publica facta est. Anno [[1919]] titulum "''Aquae''" (Theodisce ''Bad'') acceperunt. Anno [[1933]] Aquae Zwischenahnenses pars novi Circuli Paludosoterrensis factae sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.bad-zwischenahn.de/ www.bad-zwischenahn.de] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Condita 1124]] 22en0zy3enj0c993b43ehbzqwijgglt 0 239254 3974385 3937265 2026-07-25T01:16:56Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974385 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:St_Petri_Kirche.jpg|thumb|left|Vetus Forum et Ecclesia Sancti Petri]] [[Fasciculus:Westerstede Rhodo 10.JPG|thumb|left|Curia Loci Occidentalis]] '''Locus Occidentalis'''<ref name="Cellarius 1703">Cellarius, C. (1703). ''Geographia Antiqua iuxta et Nova''. Ienae: Bielckius.</ref> (Theodisce ''Westerstede'') est oppidum [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]] et sedes administrationis [[Circulus Ammerlandensis|Circuli Ammerlandensis]]. Ad Locum Occidentalem et [[vicus|vici]] Burgforde, Eggeloge, Felde, Fikensolt, Garnholt, Gießelhorst, Halsbek, Halstrup, Hollriede, Hollwege mit Hollwegerfeld, Hüllstede, Ihausen, Ihorst, Karlshof, Linswege, Linswegerfeld, Mansie, Lindern, Moorburg, Neuengland, Ocholt, Ocholterfeld, Ollenharde, Petersfeld, Tarbarg, Torsholt, Westerloy, Westerloyerfeld, Westerstederfeld pertinent. == Historia == Locus Occidentalis vicus anno [[1123]] primo in actis descriptus est, quo anno etiam conditus esse videtur. Postea [[Aquae Zwischenahnenses]] a comitibus [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis|Oldenburgensibus]] regnatae sunt. Annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Locus Occidentalis iterum ad Magnum Ducatum Oldenburgensem traditus est, qui post annum [[1918]] res publica factus est. Anno [[1933]] Locus Occidentalis caput novi Circuli Ammerlandensis factus est. Ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1977]] ius oppidi accepit. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.westerstede.de/ www.westerstede.de] ==Notae== <references /> [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] p9okxe655dzrszg1b90krgdgs9ta6eh 0 239885 3974404 3932213 2026-07-25T02:14:25Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974404 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in AUR.svg|thumb|Communia in Auriaco Circulo.]] '''Circulus Auriacum'''<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Landkreis Aurich''), nunc pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est. Usque ad annum [[1945]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit, et ex anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. [[Caput (urbs)|Caput]] circuli est [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] urbs.<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}</ref> == Historia == Ager circuli ab anno [[1815]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1885]] circulus conditus est. Ab anno [[1946]] pars Saxoniae Inferioris est. Anno [[1977]], [[ager]] antiqui circuli Norden{{dubsig}} cum Auriaco consociatus est. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Auriacum (Saxonia Inferior)|Auriacum]] (oppidum, caput circuli, 40&thinsp;637 incolae) * [[Baltrumum]]<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[lingua Frisica|Sagterlandice]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Baltrum'') (insula, 564) * [[Dornum]] (4525) * [[Großefehn]] (13&thinsp;646) * [[Großheide]]{{dubsig}} (8563) * [[Hinte]]{{dubsig}} (6906) * [[Schola Dei]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus N-Z">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050914?p=27&cq=M%C3%BCnchen&lang=de ''Orbis latinus: Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 3. N-Z''].</ref> (sedes administrationis: Ihlowerfehn) (12&thinsp;139) * [[Juist]]{{dubsig}} (insula, 1540) * [[Krummhörn]]{{dubsig}} (12&thinsp;228) * [[Norden]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum, 24&thinsp;887) * [[Norderney]]{{dubsig}} (insula et oppidum, 5845) * [[Südbrookmerland]]{{dubsig}} (18&thinsp;509) * [[Wiesmoor]]{{dubsig}} (oppidum 12&thinsp;887) * [[Brookmerland (commune generale)|Brookmerland]]{{dubsig}} commune generale (13&thinsp;204) ** [[Leezdorf]]{{dubsig}} (1859) ** [[Marienhafe]]{{dubsig}} (sedes administrationis, 2253) ** [[Osteel]]{{dubsig}} (2201) ** [[Rechtsupweg]]{{dubsig}} (2060) ** [[Upgant-Schott]]{{dubsig}} (3802) ** [[Wirdum]]{{dubsig}} (1029) * [[Hage (commune generale)|Hage]] commune generale (10&thinsp;978) ** [[Berumbur]] (2620) ** [[Hage]] (sedes administrationis, 6162) ** [[Hagermarsch]] (445) ** [[Halbemond]] (993) ** [[Lütetsburg]] (758) * Ager ad commune non pertinens: ** [[Memmert]] (insula, 5,17 km² non habitata) ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Aurich|Circulum Auriacum}} [http://www.landkreis-aurich Situs interretialis Auriaci proprius.]{{Nexus deficit|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Circulus Auriacum}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] f74loe0sp8w6l0ueoiq1v1v6w9qb4xz 0 239888 3974397 3861536 2026-07-25T02:03:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baltrum]] ad [[Baltrumum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3861536 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Baltrum (view from the west).jpg|thumb|left|Baltrum insula ex occidente visum.]] [[Fasciculus:Baltrum_1805.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula geographica insulae Baltrum anno 1805 confecta.]] '''Baltrum''' est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Aurich (circulus)|Circuli Aurich]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Flugplatz Baltrum.JPG|thumb|left|Aeroportus Baltrum]] Ab anno [[1949]] ad annum [[1985]] ferroviaria parva merces transportavit. Aeroportus parvus in insula est, autocineta prohibita sunt. Cives et peregrinatores navibus traiectoribus in insulam portantur. == Historia == Baltrum anno [[1398]] nomine "„Balteringe“" primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Baltrum [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Baltrum ad circulum Aurich et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.baltrum.de/ Pagina officialis communis Baltrum] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/baltrum/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Baltrum visitantium] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] h2cm860stcw8rcdsww4ml23fox0mtzq 3974400 3974397 2026-07-25T02:08:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974400 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Baltrum (view from the west).jpg|thumb|left|Baltrumum insula ex occidente visum.]] [[Fasciculus:Baltrum_1805.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula geographica insulae Baltrumi anno 1805 confecta.]] '''Baltrumum'''<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> seu '''Balteringa'''<ref name="F">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Erster Band (787–1470)''. W. Haynel.</ref> seu '''Baltringa'''<ref name="F"/> est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Flugplatz Baltrum.JPG|thumb|left|Aeroportus Baltrumensis.]] Ab anno [[1949]] ad annum [[1985]] ferroviaria parva merces transportavit. Aeroportus parvus in insula est, autocineta prohibita sunt. Cives et peregrinatores navibus traiectoribus in insulam portantur. == Historia == Baltrumum anno [[1398]] nomine "„Balteringe“" primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Baltrumum [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Baltrumum ad circulum Auriacum et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.baltrum.de/ Pagina officialis communis Baltrumi] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/baltrum/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Baltrumum visitantium] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] iwxoxpyysn8s056ypv6k45o1g4cyrge 3974401 3974400 2026-07-25T02:09:28Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974401 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Baltrum (view from the west).jpg|thumb|left|Baltrumum insula ex occidente visum.]] [[Fasciculus:Baltrum_1805.jpg|thumb|left|Tabula geographica insulae Baltrumi anno 1805 confecta.]] '''Baltrumum'''<ref name="Wiarda III 1792">Wiarda, T. D. (1792). ''Ostfriesische Geschichte: Von den ältesten Zeiten bis zum Jahre 1648'' (Vol. 3). August Friedrich Winter.</ref> seu '''Balteringa'''<ref name="F">Friedländer, E. (Ed.) (1878). ''Ostfriesisches Urkundenbuch: Erster Band (787–1470)''. W. Haynel.</ref> seu '''Baltringa'''<ref name="F"/> est commune [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], insula ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Circulus Auriacum|Circuli Auriaci]] est. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Flugplatz Baltrum.JPG|thumb|left|Aeroportus Baltrumensis.]] Ab anno [[1949]] ad annum [[1985]] ferroviaria parva merces transportavit. Aeroportus parvus in insula est, autocineta prohibita sunt. Cives et peregrinatores navibus traiectoribus in insulam portantur. == Historia == Baltrumum anno [[1398]] nomine "„Balteringe“" primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis [[1744]] - [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Baltrumum [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Baltrumum ad circulum Auriacum et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.baltrum.de/ Pagina officialis communis Baltrumi] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/baltrum/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Baltrumum visitantium] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] clalb8tnxjhvpxmm2cr1cmnkn6iirur 0 239901 3974405 3862830 2026-07-25T02:15:13Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974405 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Juist (view from the east).jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Despectus in Juist insulam ex occidente.]] [[Fasciculus:Juist_1805.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|[[Tabula geographica]] insulae Juist anno [[1805]] confecta. Tum insula fluctu magno divisa erat.]] [[Fasciculus:Restaurant_und_Tower_Flughafen.JPG|thumb|[[Popina sellariola]] et [[turris]] aeroportus Juist.]] '''Juist''' est [[insula]] et [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], ad [[Insulae Frisicae Orientales|Insulas Frisicas Orientales]] pertinens et pars [[Aurich (circulus)|Circuli Aurich]]. == Commeatus == Parvus [[aeroportus]] in insula est; [[autocinetum|autocineta]] prohibentur. Cives et [[peregrinator]]es [[navis traiectoria|navibus traiectoriis]] in insulam navigant, ubi [[carrus|carribus]] [[equus|equorum]] vehuntur. == Historia == Juist anno [[1398]] primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis ab [[1744]] ad [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Juist [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Juist ad circulum Aurich et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.gemeinde-juist.de/ Situs interretialis communis proprius.] * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170628093407/http://www.juist.de/zauberinsel/reisefuehrer/historisches.html Historia insulae Juist apud Juist.de.] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/Juist/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Baltrumum visitantium]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] 0huk5ahbijmej8i8qyrbiutmbrnj4v2 0 240100 3974402 3861760 2026-07-25T02:10:49Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974402 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Aerial image of Norderney (view from the west).jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Norderney insula ex occidente visum.]] [[Fasciculus:Norderney_1805.jpg|thumb|upright=0.6|left|Tabula geographica insulae Norderney anno 1805 confecta.]] '''Norderney''' est [[commune]] [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], [[insula]] ad [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiam Orientalem]] pertinens et pars [[Aurich (circulus)|Circuli Aurich]]. In insula duo vici siti sunt: Fischerhafen et Nordhelmsiedlung. == Commeatus == [[Fasciculus:Leuchtturm_Norderney.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|Pharus Aeroportus [[Baltrumum|Baltrumensis]].]] Ab anno [[1913]] ad annum [[1947]] ad [[ferroviaria]] marina [[merx|merces]] militares transportavit. Parvus [[aeroportus]] in insula est, sed et autocineta admissa sunt. Cives et [[peregrinator]]es [[navis traiectoris|navibus traiectoribus]] in insulam portantur. == Historia == Norderney anno [[1398]] primo in actis desciptum est. Primo pars [[Frisia orientalis|Frisiae Orientalis]] fuit. Annis ab [[1744]] ad [[1806]] insula ad [[Borussia]]m, deinde ad [[Nederlandia]]m, annis [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1815]] Norderney [[Regnum Hannoveranum|Regno Hannoverano]] traditum est, quod anno [[1866]] a Borussia occupatum est. Saeculo 19 [[Periegesis]] coepit, cum hospites insulam ad se lavandum et aere maris fruendum visitabant. Ab anno [[1885]] Norderney ad circulum Aurich et ab anno [[1946]] ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet. Nunc hic multi hospites amoenitate [[Mare Germanicum|Maris Germanici]] fruuntur. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat}} * [http://www.stadt-norderney.de/ www.stadt-norderney.de Pagina officialis communis Baltrumi] * [http://www.nordwestreisemagazin.de/norderney/index.htm Pagina peregrinatorum Norderney visitantium] * [http://www.norderney-tour.de/ Alia pagina periegesis] [[Categoria:Communia Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Insulae Germaniae]] [[Categoria:Insulae Maris Germanici]] [[Categoria:Frisia orientalis]] e10nh7kr6u28fbf6h6d745y0nljyimu 0 253835 3974322 3971144 2026-07-24T21:32:27Z Grufo 64423 3974322 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:A Fragment of Biography of Bu Zhi History Books of Three Kingdoms 01 2012-12.JPG|thumb|Vita [[Bu Zhi]] ex opere ''Sanguo zhi'' in libro manuscripto in [[Dunhuang]] reperto servata]] {{ores|Sānguó zhì}} sive litteris Sinicis 三國志 (scilicet {{ores|Documenta trium regnorum}}) est opus [[historiae Sinarum dynasticae|historicum Sinarum]] de rebus gestis regnorum [[Cao Wei]], [[Shu Han]] et [[Sun Wu]] quae inter annos [[220]] et [[280]] floruerunt. Saeculo III exeunte ex historiis singulorum regnorum a [[Chen Shou]] confectum esse dicitur. Fons fuerit operis mythistorici ''[[三國演義|Sānguó yǎnyì]]'' saeculis XIII-XIV confecti. ''Sanguo zhi'', litteris 360&nbsp;000 compositum, in tres libros divisum est qui ad regna singula pertinent. Liber primus (魏書 “liber Wei”) triginta volumina comprehendit (quorum undevicesimum vitas [[Guan Lu]] aliorumque [[samanaeus|samanaeorum]] continet). Liber secundus (蜀書 “liber Shu”) volumina quindecim, liber tertius (吳書 “liber Wu”) volumina viginti. Eruditus [[Pei Songzhi]] anno [[429]] libros ''Sanguo zhi'' commentario suo, e variis textibus hodie magna parte perditis extracto, magnopere auxit, additis autem interdum rebus dubiis vel incertis. Haec recensio aucta, titulo ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|三國志注|Sanguozhi zhu|en|qid=Q10865592}}'' “Documenta trium regnorum annotata”, hodie in serie [[Historiae Sinarum dynasticae|historiarum viginti quattuor dynasticarum]] recepta est. == Bibliographia == * Robert Joe Cutter, William Gordon Crowell, interprr., ''Empresses and Consorts: Selections from Chen Shou's Records of the Three States With Pei Songzhi's Commentary''. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1999 * Kenneth J. DeWoskin, interpr., ''Doctors, Diviners and Magicians of Ancient China: biographies of fang-shih''. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press, 1983 * Kenneth H. J. Gardiner, “[http://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART001736807#none Chinese Accounts of Koguryŏ and its Neighbours]” in ''Review of Korean Studies'' vol. 15 (2015) pp. 99-113 {{NexInt}} *[[Himiko]] == Nexus externi == * [[s:zh:三國志|Textus]] apud Vicifontem Sinicum {{Ling|Sinice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20211107101602/http://chinesenotes.com/sanguozhi.html Textus] apud ''Chinese Notes'' {{Ling|Sinice}} [[Categoria:Scripta saeculo 3]] [[Categoria:Historiae Sinarum dynasticae]] [[Categoria:Sericae scripta]] 7ei2oj0x2490p98yrduxdz2c4uyapua 0 257000 3974438 3764273 2026-07-25T09:41:57Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974438 wikitext text/x-wiki {{pro pagina discretiva vide|Robecum (discretiva)}} {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Robecco d'Oglio - villa Barni della Scala - vista notturna.jpg|thumb|Robecum (Provincia Cremonensis)]] '''Robecum'''<ref name="graesse">{{Graesse}}}</ref> {{victio|Robecum|i|n}} (alia nomina: ''Robechum Castrum''<ref name="graesse" />, ''Rubeccum'') ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:Robecco d'Oglio|Robecco d'Oglio]]'') est [[oppidum]] [[Italia]]e et [[Commune Italiae|municipium]], circiter 2&thinsp;400 incolarum, in [[Regio Italiae|Regione]] [[Langobardia]] et in [[Provincia Cremonensis|Provincia Cremonensi]] situm. Incolae ''Robecenses'' appellantur. == Insigne == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' </gallery> == Clari cives == === Nati === * Ruginus de Monasterolo * Antonius Gallarati ([[1451]]) == Aedificia egregia == * Villa Barni della Scala == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Dioecesis Cremonensis]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Fractiones === * ''Monasterolo'', * ''Gallarano''. == Municipia finitima == ''Corte de' Cortesi con Cignone, Corte de' Frati, Olmeneta, Pontevico (BS), Pozzaglio ed Uniti, Verolavecchia (BS)''. {{NexInt}} * [[Langobardia]]m (''regionem''), * [[Provincia Cremonensis|Provinciam Cremonensem]], * [[Cremona]]m (''urbem''), * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [https://web.archive.org/web/20170727170631/http://www.comune.robeccodoglio.cr.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Robecco d'Oglio|Robecum}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Fasciculus:Map of comune of Robecco d'Oglio (province of Cremona, region Lombardy, Italy).svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Provincia Cremonensi. Imago:Railway Line Brescia-Cremona Ponte sull Oglio 20080820.jpg|Pons ferriviarius. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Municipia in provincia Cremonae]] fhqbz383ulwkcw8yel0ywxsanmpkdib 0 258179 3974304 3725267 2026-07-24T21:05:20Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974304 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Quetiapinum''' |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Quetiapine.svg|200px|Quetiapinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Quetiapine-from-xtal-3D-balls.png|200px|Quetiapinum]] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{chem|C|21|H|25|N|3|O|2|S}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 383.5099 g/mol |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5002 5002] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://web.archive.org/web/20190124041313/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01224 DB01224] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|N05AH|04}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Tempus semivitae biologicum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 7 h <br />Norquetiapinum: 9-12 h |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [[iecur|iecore]] (hepaticus):<br />[[CYP3A4]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolitus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | Norquetiapinum<br />(N-Desalcylquetiapinum) |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[ren]]ibus (73%),<br />[[Faeces|faecibus]] (20%) |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os |- | style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a698019.html a698019] {{Ling|Anglice}} |} '''Quetiapinum''' est substantia antipsychotica et propterea [[medicamentum]], quod cogitari potest, ad therapiam [[schizophrenia]]rum, interruptionum bipolarium<ref>Anglice: ''bipolar disorder''; hic formae fem. pluralis, quia haec diagnosis duas interruptiones saltim postulat</ref> sicut [[Depressio (psychiatria)|depressionum]] velut [[delirium|delirii]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hawkins SB, Bucklin M, Muzyk AJ |title=Quetiapine for the treatment of delirium |journal=J Hosp Med |year=2013 |volume=8 |issue=4 |pages=215-20 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23468358}}.</ref>. Interdum [[insomnia]]e quoque adhibetur, quamquam usus illius non ubilibet approbatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Gugger JJ, Cassagnol M |title=Low-dose quetiapine is not a benign sedative-hypnotic agent |journal=Am J Addict |year=2008 |volume=17(5) |pages=454-5 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18770092}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Tak LM, van Berlo-van de Laar IR, Doornbos B |title=Geen quetiapine bij slaapstoornissen |journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd |year=2013 |volume=157 |pages=A5740 |url=https://www.ntvg.nl/artikelen/geen-quetiapine-bij-slaapstoornissen}} {{Ling|Batavice}}.</ref>. == Historia == Ab anno [[1970]] diversae substantiae antipsychoticae ''atypica'' quoque vocatae sunt, primo enim [[Clozapinum]]. Haec "atypica", cum [[Olanzapinum|Olanzapino]] (1971, demum in usu [[medicus|medici]] ab 1996), cum [[Receptorium dopamini D2|receptoria D₂]] tum [[Receptorium 5-HT1A serotonini|receptoria serotonini 5-HT_1A]] obsidentes, praeterea minius effectus adversaria ostendentes. Anno [[1985]] [[dibenzothiazepinum|dibenzothiazepino]] derivata Quetiapinum, simul Clozapino Olanzapinoque simile sed cum grege adiecto, divulgatum est.<ref>{{cite book |author=Raviña E |title=The Evolution of drug discovery, Wiley-VCH |year=2010}}.</ref> == Synthesis == Synthesis Quetiapini ab uno dibenzothiazepinonorum orditur. Ad fabricandum [[dibenzothiazepinum]] primo [[lactamum]] cum phosphoryl chlorido tractatur. Deinde per substitutionem nucleophilicam molecula lateraliter additur. [[Fasciculus:Quetiapine syn.png|600px|center|Synthesis moleculi]] == Natura Quetiapini == === Natura chemica === Quetiapinum est thiazepinum. Nomen [[Unio internationalis chemiae purae applicatae|IUPAC]] suum est 2-(2-(4-dibenzo[b,f][1,4]thiazepine-11-yl-1-piperazinyl)ethoxy)ethanol, quod est thiazepinum (anulus chemicus cum [[Sulphur|sulphure]] et [[Nitrogenium|nitrogenio]] et quinque [[atomus|atomis]] [[Carbonium|carboniorum]]), cum duobus anulis aromatici ([[benzenum]]) et piperazino (anulus heterocyclus cum duobus [[atomus|atomis]] nitrogeniorum) et [[Ethanol|ethanolo]]. Quetiapinum est substantia [[Albus|alba]] et [[Crystallum|crystallina]], [[massa molaris]] sua 383.5099 g/mol. === Natura pharmacologica === Quetiapinum est medicamentum cum virtutibus antipsychoticis et antidepressivis. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codex ATC]] est {{ATC|N05AH|04}}. === Pharmacodynamica === {| class="wikitable floatright" style="font-size:small;" |- ! [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]] !! Quetiapini affinitas<br />ligandi, ''K''_i (nM)<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20131108013656/http://pdsp.med.unc.edu/pdsp.php</ref>!! Norquetiapini affinitas<br />ligandi, ''K''_i (nM) !! Actio |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D1|dopamini D₁]] || 712<ref name="JENSEN">{{cite journal |authors= Jensen NH, Rodriguiz RM, Caron MG, Wetsel WC, Rothman RB, Roth BL |title= N-Desalkylquetiapine, a Potent Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor and Partial 5-HT_1A Agonist, as a Putative Mediator of Quetiapine's Antidepressant Activity |journal= Neuropsychopharmacology |year=2008 |volume=33 |pages=2303-12 |url=http://www.nature.com/articles/1301646}}.</ref> - 994.5 || 99.8 (receptorium [[Rattus|ratti]]) || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D2|D₂]] || 245<ref name="JENSEN" /> - 379 || 196 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D2|D_2L]] || 712<ref name="JENSEN" /> || || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D2|D_2S]] || 390<ref name="JENSEN" /> || || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D3|D₃]] || 340 || - || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium dopamini D4|D₄]] || 1,202<ref name="JENSEN" /> - 2,019 || 1297 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 1A|5-HT_1A]] || 394.2 || 45 || antagonista partialis |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 2A|5-HT_2A]] || 118 || 48 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 2C|5-HT_2C]] || 1,843 || 107 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 4|5-HT₄]] || nondum determinata|| nondum determinata || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 6|5-HT₆]] || 33 / 1,864 || - || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium serotonini 7|5-HT₇]] || 307 || 76 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-1|α_1A]] || 22 || 144 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-1|α_1B]] || 14.6 || 46.4 (receptorium [[Rattus|ratti]]) || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-2A|α_2A]] || 3,630 || 237 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum alpha-2C|α_2C]] || 28.85 || - || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum beta-1|ß₁]] || > 10,000 || > 10,000 || nondum inquisita |- | [[Receptorium adrenergicum beta-2|ß₂]] || > 10,000 || > 10,000 || nondum inquisita |- | [[receptorium histamini H1|H₁]] || 6.9 || 3.5 || antagonista |- | [[receptorium histamini H2|H₂]] || 41.24 || - || antagonista |- | H₃ || >10,000 || >10,000 || nondum inquisita |- | H₄ || >10,000 || >1,660 || nondum inquisita |- | [[Receptorium muscarinicum M1 acetylcholini|M₁]] || 489 - 858 || 38.3 (receptorium [[Rattus|ratti]]) || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium muscarinicum M2 acetylcholini|M₂]] || 1,339 - 1,631.5 || 453 || nondum inquisita |- | [[Receptorium muscarinicum M3 acetylcholini|M₃]] || 1,631.5 - >10,000 || 23 || antagonista |- | [[Receptorium muscarinicum M4 acetylcholini|M₄]] || 542 || 110 || nondum inquisita |- | [[Receptorium muscarinicum M5 acetylcholini|M₅]] || 1,942 || 23 || antagonista |- | [[Transportator Serotonini|SERT]] || >10000<ref name="JENSEN" /> || 927 || situm obsidens |- | [[Transportator noradrenalini|NET]] || >10000<ref name="JENSEN" /> || 12 || situm obsidens |} Mementote et Quetiapinum et metabolitum suum Norquetiapinum effectus pharmacologicos exercere. Quetiapinum potissime [[receptorium histamini H1|receptoria H₁]], praeterea [[metabolitus]] activus Norquetiapinum (quod est N-Desalcylquetiapinum) receptoria D₂ et [[Transportator Noradrenalini|noradrenalini transportatorem]] (breve: ''NET'', inhibitio noradrenalini<ref>noradrenalinum = norepinephrinum</ref> reabsorptionis) et receptoria 5-HT_2A serotonini et 5-HT_2c serotonini obsidet. ==== Receptorium histamini 1 ==== Antagonista [[receptorium histamini|receptoriorum H₁]] (H1R) ut Quetiapinum lassitudinem, famis incrementum efficit<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Sato H, Ito C, Hiraoka K, Tashiro M, Shibuya K, H1 Funaki Y, Yoshikawa T, Iwata R, Matsuoka H, Yanai K |title=Histamine H1 receptor occupancy by the new-generation antipsychotics olanzapine and quetiapine: a positron emission tomography study in healthy volunteers |journal=Psychopharmacology (Berl) |year=2015 |volume=232 |issue=19 |pages=3497-505 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26146015}}.</ref>. === Pharmacocinetica === [[Tempus semivitae biologicum]] <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}}</math>.<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00658.html</ref> circa 7 h (norquetiapinum 9-12 h) est. Excretio est per urinas (73%) et biles (20%). == Effectus Quetiapini == Cum uso Quetiapini animum advertere ad [[Effectus adversus|effectus secundarios]] et interactiones necesse est. === Effectus secundarii === Exempla sunt: '''[[Adversa drogae reactio#Crebritas|Saepissmime]]''' (>10%) {{div col|1}} * [[Xerostomia|Siccitas oris]] (xerostomia) * [[Vertigo (symptoma)|Vertigo]], dysequilibrium, (prae-)syncope * [[Cephalalgia|Capitis dolor]] (cephalalgia) * [[Somnolentia (symptoma)|Somnolentia]] {{div col end}} '''[[Adversa drogae reactio#Crebritas|Saepe]]''' (1%-10%) {{div col|3}} * [[Hypertensio|Pressio sanguinis nimia]] * [[Hypotensio orthostatica]] * [[Tachycardia|Pulsus celer]] * [[Hypercholesterolaemia|Cholesteroli copiae nimiae]] in sanguine * [[Hypertriglycerinaemia|Triglyceridorum copiae nimiae]] in sanguine * [[Dolor abdominalis (symptoma)|Dolor abdominalis]] * Dysphagia * [[Fatigatio (symptoma)|Fatigatio]] * [[Insomnia]] {{div col end}} '''Alia''' (<1%) {{div col|3}} * Symptomata extrapyramidalia * [[Hyponatraemia]] * [[Intervallum QT]] prolongatum<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hasnain M, Vieweg WV, Howland RH, Kogut C, Breden Crouse EL, Koneru JN, Hancox JC, Digby GC, Baranchuk A, Deshmukh A, Pandurangi AK |title=Quetiapine, QTc interval prolongation, and torsade de pointes: a review of case reports |journal=Ther Adv Psychopharmacol |volume=4(3) |year=2014 |pages=130-8 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25057346?dopt=Abstract}}.</ref> * [[Incrementum ponderis|Ponderis incrementum]] {{div col end}} === Interactiones === Cum Quetiapinum subtratum enzymi [[CYP3A4]] esset, inhibitores CYP3A4 effectus Quetiapini augere possint, inductores invicem diminuere, per exemplum: {| class="wikitable" |- | colspan=3| <center>Pharmaca cum effectibus Quetiapini substrati</center> |- | Inhibitores cum '''Quetiapini''' effectibus '''fortioribus''' || Inductores cum '''Quetiapini''' effectibus '''minoribus''' |- style="vertical-align: top;" | {{CYP3A4 Inhibitores}} | {{CYP3A4 Inductores}} |} == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Antipsychotica]] [[Categoria:Intervallum QT prolongatum]] tcli41tuezb3r5ptrsjxpwisgenp6dd 0 263046 3974228 3973478 2026-07-24T16:34:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974228 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kwas glutaminowy.svg|thumb|150px|Acidum glutamicum]] '''Receptorium glutamati''' est [[receptorium neurotransmissoris]] [[Membrana cellulae|membranae]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynapticae]] quorundam [[Neuron|neuronum]] insitum atque [[acidum glutamicum|acido glutamico]] (glutamato)<ref>[[Basis (chemia)|Basis]] coniugata acidi glutamici.</ref> [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissore]] excitatorio cerebri primo stimulatum<ref>http://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/receptors/ Receptoria Glutamati, Universitas [[Bristolium|Bristolii]]] {{Ling|Anglice}} </ref>. Haec receptoria in receptoria ''ionotropica'', ipsa canales [[cation|cationtium]] moventia, et ''metabotropica'', [[Proteinum G|proteino G]] alteros canales moderantia, dividuntur. Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati tres familiae notae sunt: [[Receptorium AMPA|receptoria ''AMPA'']], receptoria ''kainati'', [[Receptorium NMDA|receptoria ''NMDA'']]. Receptoria glutamati metabotropica quoque in tres greges (''I''-''II''-''III'') dividuntur. Glutamato aliisque stimulis aptis stimulati [[Neuron|neurones]] receptoria glutamati portantes, qui magnum momentum in [[Communicatio (informatica)|communicatione inter neurones]] et [[memoria]] creanda et discendi facultate et mentis computationibus habent, responsum aptum in cellula sua gignunt. {{Verba obscura|Et partes [[excitotoxicitas|excitotoxicitatis]] centrales receptoriorum glutamati et praevalentia ipsorum in systemate nervoso centrali cum morbis [[Neurodegeneratio|neurodegenerativis]] attribuuntur, nihilo setius autem attribuere suspiciuntur}}. [[Anticorpus|Autoanticorpora]] contra receptoria eadem pluribus morbis coniuncta sunt veluti {{Verba obscura|singulae formae [[Morbus comitialis|morbi comitialis]]}}, [[Lupus erythematodes|lupi erythematodis]], [[Ictus (morbus)|ictuum]]. == Species == {| class="wikitable" | '''Species''' || '''Nomen''' || '''Agonistae<ref>Agonista = αγωνιστής {{Ling|Graece}}</ref>''' |- | rowspan="3" align="center" | ionotropicae || Receptoria NMDA || NMDA |- | Receptoria Kainati || Kainatum |- | Receptoria AMPA || AMPA |- | align="center" | metabotropicae || mGluR || [[L-AP4]], [[ACPD]], [[Acidum quisqualicum|L-QA]]<ref>Ohashi H, Maruyama T, Higashi-Matsumoto H, Nomoto T, Nishimura S, Takeuchi (2002). A novel binding assay for metabotropic glutamate receptors using [3H] L-quisqualic acid and recombinant receptors. Z Naturforsch [C] 57 (3–4): 348–55</ref> |} === Ionotropicae === Subunitates receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati cum [[genum|genis]] suis:<ref name="din1">{{cite journal |authors=Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF | title = The glutamate receptor ion channels | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–61 |date=March 1999 | pmid = 10049997 | doi = }}</ref><ref name = "pmid11735224">{{cite journal |authors=Andersson O, Stenqvist A, Attersand A, von Euler G | title = Nucleotide sequence, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of genes encoding the human NMDA receptor subunits NR3A and NR3B | journal = Genomics | volume = 78 | issue = 3 | pages = 178–84 |date=December 2001 | pmid = 11735224 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2001.6666}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Familia receptoriorum ! Subunitas (nomenclatura prior) ! [[Genum]] ! [[Chromosoma]]<br/>(humanum) |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | [[receptorium AMPA|AMPA]] | GluA1 (GluR₁) | ''[[GRIA1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 5 (homo)|5q33]] |- | GluA2 (GluR₂) | ''[[GRIA2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 4 (homo)|4q32-33]] |- | GluA3 (GluR₃) | ''[[GRIA3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma X (homo)|Xq25-26]] |- | GluA4 (GluR₄) | ''[[GRIA4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q22-23]] |- | rowspan="5" align="center" | [[receptorium kainati|Kainatum]] | GluK1 (GluR₅) | ''[[GRIK1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 21 (homo)|21q21.1-22.1]] |- | GluK2 (GluR₆) | ''[[GRIK2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6q16.3-q21]] |- | GluK3 (GluR₇) | ''[[GRIK3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 1 (homo)|1p34-33]] |- | GluK4 (KA-1) | ''[[GRIK4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q22.3]] |- | GluK5 (KA-2) | ''[[GRIK5]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19q13.2]] |- | rowspan="7" align="center" | [[receptorium NMDA|NMDA]] | GluN1(NR1) | ''[[GRIN1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 9 (homo)|9q34.3]] |- | GluN2A (NR2A) | ''[[GRIN2A]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 16 (homo)|16p13.2]] |- | GluN2B (NR2B) | ''[[GRIN2B]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 12 (homo)|12p12]] |- | GluN2C (NR2C) | ''[[GRIN2C]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 17 (homo)|17q24-25]] |- | GluN2D (NR2D) | ''[[GRIN2D]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19q13.1qter]] |- | GluN3A (NR3A) | ''[[GRIN3A]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 9 (homo)|9q31.1]] |- | GluN3B (NR3B) | ''[[GRIN3B]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19p13.3]] |} === Metabotropicae === [[Mammalia|Mammalium]] receptoria metabotropica glutamati mGluR# nominantur, tres greges sunt: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Grex ! [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]] ! [[Genum]] ! [[Chromosoma]]<br/>(humanum) ! Effectus |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 1 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 1 glutamati|mGluR₁]] | ''[[GRM1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6q24]] | Incrementum Ca²⁺ in [[cytoplasma]]te. |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 5 glutamati|mGluR₅]] | ''[[GRM5]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q14.3]] | Liberatio K⁺ ex cellula canalibus ionticis K⁺ |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 2 glutamati|mGluR₂]] | ''[[GRM2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 3 (homo)|3p21.2]] | rowspan="2" | Inhibitio adenylyl cyclasis, decrementum cAMP |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 3 glutamati|mGluR₃]] | ''[[GRM3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 7 (homo)|7q21.1-q21.2]] |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | 3 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 4 glutamati|mGluR₄]] | ''[[GRM4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6p21.3]] | rowspan="4" | Incrementum canalium ionticorum Ca²⁺, cum influxu Ca²⁺ intra cellulam<ref name="con1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conn PJ, etal | title = Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia motor circuit | journal = Nature Reviews Neuroscience | volume = 6 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–98 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16276355 | doi = 10.1038/nrn1763}}</ref> |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 6 glutamati|mGluR₆]] | ''[[GRM6]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 5 (homo)|5q35]] |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 7 glutamati|mGluR₇]] | ''[[GRM]]7'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 3 (homo)|3p26-p25]] |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 8 glutamati|mGluR₈]] | ''[[GRM8]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 7 (homo)|7q31.3-q32.1]] |} == Notae == <div class="references-small"><references/></div> == Plura legere si cupis == *Stephen Traynelis et alii. "[https://pharm.emory.edu/dingledine/documents/trayneleisetal2010glurev.pdf Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function]", ''Pharmacological Reviews'' 2010, 62(3):405-96 {{NexInt}} * [[Psychopharmacologia]] * [[Transportator glutamati]] [[Categoria:Systema nervosum|G]] [[Categoria:Systema glutamatergicum (glutamatum)]] [[Categoria:Receptoria neurotransmissoria|G]] [[Categoria:Receptoria glutamati]] m1kjuxnqvfnuwym2r7jhxi86nt4shbg 3974229 3974228 2026-07-24T16:35:29Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974229 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kwas glutaminowy.svg|thumb|150px|Acidum glutamicum]] '''Receptorium glutamati''' est [[receptorium neurotransmissoris]] [[Membrana cellulae|membranae]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynapticae]] quorundam [[Neuron|neuronum]] insitum atque [[acidum glutamicum|acido glutamico]] (glutamato)<ref>[[Basis (chemia)|Basis]] coniugata acidi glutamici.</ref> [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissore]] excitatorio cerebri primo stimulatum<ref>http://www.bristol.ac.uk/synaptic/receptors/ Receptoria Glutamati, Universitas [[Bristolium|Bristolii]]] {{Ling|Anglice}} </ref>. Haec receptoria in receptoria ''ionotropica'', ipsa canales [[cation|cationtium]] moventia, et ''metabotropica'', [[Proteinum G|proteino G]] alteros canales moderantia, dividuntur. Receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati tres familiae notae sunt: [[Receptorium AMPA|receptoria ''AMPA'']], receptoria ''kainati'', [[Receptorium NMDA|receptoria ''NMDA'']]. Receptoria glutamati metabotropica quoque in tres greges (''I''-''II''-''III'') dividuntur. Glutamato aliisque stimulis aptis stimulati [[Neuron|neurones]] receptoria glutamati portantes, qui magnum momentum in [[Communicatio (informatica)|communicatione inter neurones]] et [[memoria]] creanda et discendi facultate et mentis computationibus habent, responsum aptum in cellula sua gignunt. {{Verba obscura|Et partes [[excitotoxicitas|excitotoxicitatis]] centrales receptoriorum glutamati et praevalentia ipsorum in systemate nervoso centrali cum morbis [[Neurodegeneratio|neurodegenerativis]] attribuuntur, nihilo setius autem attribuere suspiciuntur}}. [[Anticorpus|Autoanticorpora]] contra receptoria eadem pluribus morbis coniuncta sunt veluti {{Verba obscura|singulae formae [[Morbus comitialis|morbi comitialis]]}}, [[Lupus erythematodes|lupi erythematodis]], [[Ictus (morbus)|ictuum]]. == Species == {| class="wikitable" | '''Species''' || '''Nomen''' || '''Agonistae<ref>Agonista = αγωνιστής {{Ling|Graece}}</ref>''' |- | rowspan="3" align="center" | ionotropicae || Receptoria NMDA || NMDA |- | Receptoria Kainati || Kainatum |- | Receptoria AMPA || AMPA |- | align="center" | metabotropicae || mGluR || [[L-AP4]], [[ACPD]], [[Acidum quisqualicum|L-QA]]<ref>Ohashi H, Maruyama T, Higashi-Matsumoto H, Nomoto T, Nishimura S, Takeuchi (2002). A novel binding assay for metabotropic glutamate receptors using [3H] L-quisqualic acid and recombinant receptors. Z Naturforsch [C] 57 (3–4): 348–55</ref> |} === Ionotropicae === Subunitates receptoriorum ionotropicorum glutamati cum [[genum|genis]] suis:<ref name="din1">{{cite journal |authors=Dingledine R, Borges K, Bowie D, Traynelis SF | title = The glutamate receptor ion channels | journal = Pharmacol. Rev. | volume = 51 | issue = 1 | pages = 7–61 |date=March 1999 | pmid = 10049997 | doi = }}</ref><ref name = "pmid11735224">{{cite journal |authors=Andersson O, Stenqvist A, Attersand A, von Euler G | title = Nucleotide sequence, genomic organization, and chromosomal localization of genes encoding the human NMDA receptor subunits NR3A and NR3B | journal = Genomics | volume = 78 | issue = 3 | pages = 178–84 |date=December 2001 | pmid = 11735224 | doi = 10.1006/geno.2001.6666}}</ref> {| class="wikitable" |- ! Familia receptoriorum ! Subunitas (nomenclatura prior) ! [[Genum]] ! [[Chromosoma]]<br/>(humanum) |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | [[receptorium AMPA|AMPA]] | GluA1 (GluR₁) | ''[[GRIA1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 5 (homo)|5q33]] |- | GluA2 (GluR₂) | ''[[GRIA2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 4 (homo)|4q32-33]] |- | GluA3 (GluR₃) | ''[[GRIA3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma X (homo)|Xq25-26]] |- | GluA4 (GluR₄) | ''[[GRIA4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q22-23]] |- | rowspan="5" align="center" | [[receptorium kainati|Kainatum]] | GluK1 (GluR₅) | ''[[GRIK1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 21 (homo)|21q21.1-22.1]] |- | GluK2 (GluR₆) | ''[[GRIK2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6q16.3-q21]] |- | GluK3 (GluR₇) | ''[[GRIK3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 1 (homo)|1p34-33]] |- | GluK4 (KA-1) | ''[[GRIK4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q22.3]] |- | GluK5 (KA-2) | ''[[GRIK5]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19q13.2]] |- | rowspan="7" align="center" | [[receptorium NMDA|NMDA]] | GluN1(NR1) | ''[[GRIN1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 9 (homo)|9q34.3]] |- | GluN2A (NR2A) | ''[[GRIN2A]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 16 (homo)|16p13.2]] |- | GluN2B (NR2B) | ''[[GRIN2B]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 12 (homo)|12p12]] |- | GluN2C (NR2C) | ''[[GRIN2C]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 17 (homo)|17q24-25]] |- | GluN2D (NR2D) | ''[[GRIN2D]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19q13.1qter]] |- | GluN3A (NR3A) | ''[[GRIN3A]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 9 (homo)|9q31.1]] |- | GluN3B (NR3B) | ''[[GRIN3B]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 19 (homo)|19p13.3]] |} === Metabotropicae === [[Mammalia|Mammalium]] receptoria metabotropica glutamati mGluR# nominantur, tres greges sunt: {| class="wikitable" |- ! Grex ! [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptorium]] ! [[Genum]] ! [[Chromosoma]]<br/>(humanum) ! Effectus |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 1 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 1 glutamati|mGluR₁]] | ''[[GRM1]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6q24]] | Incrementum Ca²⁺ in [[cytoplasma]]te. |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 5 glutamati|mGluR₅]] | ''[[GRM5]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 11 (homo)|11q14.3]] | Liberatio K⁺ ex cellula canalibus ionticis K⁺ |- | rowspan="2" align="center" | 2 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 2 glutamati|mGluR₂]] | ''[[GRM2]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 3 (homo)|3p21.2]] | rowspan="2" | Inhibitio adenylyl cyclasis, decrementum cAMP |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 3 glutamati|mGluR₃]] | ''[[GRM3]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 7 (homo)|7q21.1-q21.2]] |- | rowspan="4" align="center" | 3 | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 4 glutamati|mGluR₄]] | ''[[GRM4]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 6 (homo)|6p21.3]] | rowspan="4" | Incrementum canalium ionticorum Ca²⁺, cum influxu Ca²⁺ intra cellulam<ref name="con1">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conn PJ, etal | title = Metabotropic glutamate receptors in the basal ganglia motor circuit | journal = Nature Reviews Neuroscience | volume = 6 | issue = 10 | pages = 787–98 | year = 2005 | pmid = 16276355 | doi = 10.1038/nrn1763}}</ref> |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 6 glutamati|mGluR₆]] | ''[[GRM6]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 5 (homo)|5q35]] |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 7 glutamati|mGluR₇]] | ''[[GRM]]7'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 3 (homo)|3p26-p25]] |- | [[Receptorium metabotropicum 8 glutamati|mGluR₈]] | ''[[GRM8]]'' | align="center" | [[Chromosoma 7 (homo)|7q31.3-q32.1]] |} == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Stephen Traynelis et alii. "[https://pharm.emory.edu/dingledine/documents/trayneleisetal2010glurev.pdf Glutamate Receptor Ion Channels: Structure, Regulation, and Function]", ''Pharmacological Reviews'' 2010, 62(3):405-96 {{NexInt}} * [[Psychopharmacologia]] * [[Transportator glutamati]] [[Categoria:Systema nervosum|G]] [[Categoria:Systema glutamatergicum (glutamatum)]] [[Categoria:Receptoria neurotransmissoria|G]] [[Categoria:Receptoria glutamati]] h9xp0294gd8194lwderba7cy3cocbtx 0 266649 3974227 3936705 2026-07-24T16:30:49Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3974227 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Monardes Dos libros 1565 tp.jpg|thumb|''Dos libros'' (1565): titulus]] [[Fasciculus:Monardes Historia medicinal 1580 tp.png|thumb|''Primera, segunda y tercera partes ...'' (1574): titulus]] [[Fasciculus:Monardes - 1574 - De simplicibus medicamentis - UB Radboud Uni Nijmegen - 208278206 01 title page.jpg|thumb|''De simplicibus medicamentis'' (1574): titulus]] '''''Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia''''' est titulus Latinus operis cuiusdam a [[Nicolaus Monardes|Nicolao Monarde]] medico [[Hispalis|Hispalensi]] anno [[1565]] Hispanice scripti, annis [[1571]] iterumque [[1574]] aucti, in multas linguas et sub multis titulis divulgati. Auctor hoc opere plantas medicinasque in [[America]] repertas, [[Europa|Europaeis]] utiles, describit, quas ille, Americae oceanique expers, a descriptionibus aliorum et speciminibus ad Hispalim importatis tantum cognovit. Versionem Latinam [[Carolus Clusius]] primum anno [[1574]], recensione ultima anno [[1605]] divulgavit. == Index capitulorum == Has res continent editio Hispanica 1574 editioque Latina 1605 (''Exoticorum'' p. 295 ff.): <div style="font-size:90%;"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !data-sort-type="number"|fol. !''Historia medicinal'' 1574 (''Dos libros'' 1565) !data-sort-type="number"|cap. !''Simplicium medicamentorum historia'' 1605 !Species principales |- |2r |'''Prima parte''' (1565 f. 1r) | | | |- |2v |''Del anime y copal'' (1565 f. 4r) |1 |De [[copal]] et anime |''[[Protium copal]]'', ''[[Bursera copallifera]]'', ''[[Hymenaea courbaril]]'', ''[[Vateria indica]]'' |- |3v |''De la tacamahaca'' (1565 f. 6r) |2 |De tacamahaca |''[[Calophyllum tacamahaca]]'', ''[[Ferula gummosa]]'' |- |5r |''De la caraña'' (1565 f. 8v) |3 |De caraña |''[[Bursera acuminata]]'' |- |6r |''Del azeyte de la higuera del Infierno'' (1565 f. 10r) |4 |Oleum cicinum, Ricinus Americus |''[[Jatropha curcas]]'' |- |7v |''Del betumen'' (1565 f. 12v) |5 |Bitumen | |- |7v |''Del liquidambar y azeyte de liquidambar'' (1565 f. 13r) |8 |Liquid-ambar et eius oleum |''[[Liquidambar styraciflua]]'' |- |9r |''Del balsamo'' (1565 f. 15v) |9<br />16<br />17 |Balsamum<br />Herba Ioannis Infantis<br />Radices venenis adversantes |''[[Myroxylon peruiferum]]'', ''[[Monarda]]'' sp., ''[[Vincetoxicum hirundinaria]]'' |- |12v |''Del guayacan y palo sancto'' (1565 f. 22r) |20 |Guayacan |''[[Guaiacum officinale]]'', ''[[Guaiacum sanctum]]'' |- |16r |''De la china'' (1565 f. 28v) |21 |China |''[[Smilax china]]'' |- |18v |''De la çarçaparilla'' (1565 f. 33r) |22 |Çarça-parilla |''[[Smilax aristolochiifolia]]'' |- |22v |''De la piedra de sangre y de la yjada'' (1565 f. 40r) |31<br />32<br />33<br />36 |Lapis nephriticus<br />Lapis tiburonum<br />Lapis caymanum<br />Lapis sanguinalis | |- |24r |''Del palo para los males de los riñones y de urina'' (1565 f. 42v) |27 |Lignum ad renum affectiones et urinae incommoda | |- |24v |''De la pimienta de las Indias'' (1565 f. 43v) |54 |[[Capsicum (fructus)|Piper]] |''[[Capsicum (genus)|Capsicum]]'' spp. |- |25r |''De la caña fistola'' (1565 f. 45r) |44 |Cassia solutiva |''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' |- |26r |''De las avellanas purgativas'' (1565 f. 46r) |47 |Avellanae purgatrices |''[[Jatropha multifida]]'', ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' |- |26v |''De los piñones purgativos'' (1565 f. 47r) |48 |Nuclei pinei cathartici | |- |27v |''De las havas purgativas'' (1565 f. 48r) |49 |Fabae purgatrices |''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' |- |28r |''De la leche del pinipinichi'' (1565 f. 49v) |50 |Lac pinipinichi |''[[Convolvulus mechoacana]]'' |- |28v |''Del mechoacan'' (1565 f. 50r) |51 |Mechoacan |''[[Ipomoea purga]]'' |- |37v |''Del sulphur bivo'' (1565 f. 66v) |56<br />57 |Sulphur vivum<br />Ad erysipelas | |- |38v |''Del palo aromatico'' (1565 f. 68r) |26 |Lignum aromaticum |''[[Bursera graveolens]]'' |- |41r |'''Segunda parte''' | | | |- |41r |''Del tabaco y de sus grandes virtudes'' |14 |Tabaco |''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' |- |51v |''Del arbol que traen de la Florida llamado sassafras'' |24 |Sassafras |''[[Sassafras albidum]]'' |- |65r |''Del carlo sancto, rayz trayda de Nueva España'' |23 |Carlo sancto |''[[Carapichea ipecacuanha]]''? |- |67v |''De las cuentas que se llaman de Sancta Elena'' |59 |Radix S. Helenae |''[[Dorstenia contrajerva]]'' |- |69r |''Del guacatane'' |61 |Guacatane |''[[Teucrium canadense]]'' |- |69v |''De la cevadilla'' |55 |Cevadilla |''[[Schoenocaulon officinale]]'' |- |73r |''Al muy magnifico señor, mi señor Doctor Monardes, medico en Sevilla''<ref>Auctore "''Pedro de Osma y de Xara y Zejo''"</ref> |75 |Epistola ad D. Nicolaum Monardum |''[[Schinus molle]]'' |- |78v |''El dragon''<ref>Rubrica in aliis editionibus: ''De la sangre del drago''</ref> |38<br />39<br />40 |Sanguis draconis<br />Gummi ad podagram<br />Fructus dysentericus |''[[Pterocarpus officinalis]]'', ''[[Clusia rosea]]'' |- |81r |''El armadillo'' |37 |Armadillo | |- |83r |''Flor del mechoacan'' |51 | | |- |84r |''Fructo del balsamo'' |9 | | |- |86r |''Pimienta luenga'' |54 | |''[[Piper aduncum]]'' |- |88r |''De la çarçaparrilla de Guayaquil'' |22 | | |- |91v |''Del ambar gris'' |7 |Ambarum | |- |98r |'''Tercera parte''' | | | |- |98r |''De la canela de nuestras Indias'' |25 |Canella Novi orbis |''[[Canella winterana]]'' |- |99r |''Del gengibre'' |18 |Zingiber |''[[Zingiber officinale]]'' |- |100r |''Del ruybarbo de Indias'' |19 |Rhabarbarum Americanum | |- |100v |''De las piñas'' |63 |Strobilus seu nux pinea |''[[Ananas comosus]]'' |- |101v |''De las guayavas'' |64 |Guayavas |''[[Psidium guajava]]'' |- |102r |''De los cachos'' |30 |Cachos | |- |102v |''De las flores de sangre'' |69 |Flos sanguineus |''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' |- |103r |''Una corteza de un arbol para reumas'' |43 |Arboris cortex ad rheumatismos |''[[Senna marilandica]]'' |- |103v |''Del pacal'' |58 |Pacal | |- |103v |''Del payco'' |28 |Payco herba | |- |104r |''Yerva para mal de riñones'' |29 |Herba ad renum morbos utilis | |- |104r |''De la fruta que se cria debaxo de tierra'' |60 |Fructus sub terra nascens | |- |104v |''Del fruto llamado leucoma'' |41<br />42 |Leucoma fructus<br />Cortex ad alvi profluvia |''[[Pouteria sapota]]'', ''[[Simarouba amara]]'' |- |105r |''De las cuentas xaboneras'' |65 |Saponariae sphaerulae | |- |105v |''De los cangrejos de aquella tierra'' |77 |Cancri Peruani | |- |106r |''De los cardones'' |67 |Cardui |''[[Agave americana]]'' |- |106r |''De la yerva para quebrados'' |72 |Herba ad rupturas utilis | |- |106v |''De la bervena'' |73 |Verbena |''[[Verbena officinalis]]'' |- |107v |''Del mastuerço'' |70 |Nasturtium Peruanum |''[[Tropaeolum minus]]'' |- |108r |''De la lechuguilla silvestre'' |71 |Lactuca silvestris pumila | |- |108r |''Del licor llamado ambia'' |11<br />12 |Liquor ambia<br />Resina abiegna |''[[Abies balsamea]]'' |- |108v |''Del arbol que muestra si uno a de morir o bivir'' |74 |Herba mortem aut vitam in morbis praenuncians | |- |109r |''De la granadilla'' |66 |Granadilla |''[[Passiflora ligularis]]'' |- |109v |''De la yerva del sol'' |68 |Herba solis |''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' |- |110r |''De un betumen que se saca debaxo de tierra'' |6 |Bitumen fossile | |- |110v |''De las piedras bezaares del Peru'' |34 |Lapis bezaar Peruanus | |- |113v |''De las higueras del Peru'' |62 |Ficus Peruana |''[[Crescentia cujete]]''? |- |114r |''De la coca'' |52 |Coca |''[[Erythroxylon coca]]'' |- |115r |''De los colores diversos de tierra'' |76 |Terrae varii colores | |- |115v |''Del caçaui'' |53 |Caçaui |''[[Manihot esculenta]]'' |- |117v |''De los cañutos para el asma'' |15 |Tubuli ad asthma utiles | |- |118r |''Del carlo sancto'' |23 | | |- |119r |''De la piedra para la madre'' |35 |Lapis ad uteri suffocationes utilis | |- |119r |''De la caña fistola en conserva'' |45<br />46 |De cassia solutiva condita<br />Fructus cholagogus | |- |121r |''Del balsamo de Tolu'' |10<br />13 |Balsamum de Tolu<br />Resina Carthaginensis |''[[Myroxylon balsamum]]'' |} </div> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1565 : ''Dos libros. El uno trata de todas las cosas que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de medicina ... El otro libro trata de dos medicinas maravillosas que son contra todo veneno ...''. Hispali: Hernando Diaz [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002448-001 Textus apud archive.org] * 1569 : ''Dos libros, el uno que trata de todas las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de la medicina, y el otro que trata de la piedra bezaar, y de la yerva escuerçonera''. Hispali: Hernando Diaz {{Google Books|QdDf4rAzcgEC}} * 1571 : ''Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de la medicina; do se trata del tabaco, y de la sassafras, y del carlo sancto, y de otras muchas yervas y plantas, simientes, y licores que agora nuevamente han venido de aquellas partes, de grandes virtudes y maravillosos effectos''. Hispali: Alonso Escrivano {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC}} * 1574 : ''Primera, segunda y tercera partes de la historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven en medicina; Tratado de la piedra bezaar, y dela yerva escuerçonera; Diálogo de las grandezas del hierro, y de sus virtudes medicinales'' {{Google Books|pEHeQNiTzA0C}} * 1580 : nova impressio [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710175952/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4807 Textus] {{Google Books|bLRrIIPYfk0C}} ; Versio Latina a Carolo Clusio facta * 1574 : ''De simplicibus medicamentis ex occidentali India delatis quorum in medicina usus est'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003541627 Textus] * 1579 : ''Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum, quorum in medicina usus est, historia'' {{Google Books|58VbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1582 : nova impressio una cum operibus [[Garcias ab Orta|Garciae ab Orta]] et [[Christophorus Acosta|Christophori Acosta]] edita {{Google Books|ss1bAAAAQAAJ}} * 1593 : nova impressio [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753003634646#page/313/mode/2up Textus separatus] * 1605 : nova recensio in opere ''[[Exoticorum libri decem]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000811387#page/295/mode/2up Textus] ; Versiones aliae * 1577 ([[Ioannes Frampton|John Frampton]], interpr.) : ''Ioyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii (ex editione Hispanica 1565 versa) [https://search.wellcomelibrary.org/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1093319 citatio huius editionis] ** nova editio 1580 (ex editione Hispanica 1574 aucta) {{Google Books|OatkAAAAcAAJ}} ** nova editio 1596 [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810678 Textus] ** nova editio 1925 (editore [[Stephanus Gaselee|Stephano Gaselee]]) : ''Joyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii * 1602 ([[Antonius Colin|Anthoine Colin]], interpr.) : ''Histoire des simples medicamens apportés des Terres neuves, desquels on se sert en la medecine''. Lugduni: Jean Pillehotte; [http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX17002 Textus (situs difficilis)]; [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002571-001 p. 343 sqq. tantum] {{Google Books|vIvxO2Sit_AC|p. 502 sqq. tantum}} [https://archive.org/details/histoiredessimpl00mona Editio 1619] * 1895 (Karl Stünzner, interpr.) : ''Die Schrift des Monardes über die Arzneimittel Americas nach der lateinischen Übertragung des Clusius... übersetzt und erläutert''. Halis: Max Niemeyer [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000753829 Textus] ; Eruditio * María Águeda Moreno Moreno, "El corpus indiano de materia herbaria de Nicolás Monardes y su recepción en los diccionarios bilingües (español-lenguas europeas, ss. XVI-XVIII)" in ''Alfinge'' vol. 26 (2014) pp. 117-145 * C. R. Boxer, ''Two pioneers of tropical medicine: Garcia d'Orta and Nicolás Monardes''. Londinii: Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963 * Francisco Guerra, ''Nicolás Bautista Monardes, su vida y su obra, ca. 1493-1588''. Mexicopoli, 1961 * "Monardes, Nicolás Bautista (n.Sevila ca. 1493; m. en Sevilla, 1588)" in José M. López Piñero et al., ''Diccionario Histórico de la Ciencia Moderna en España'' vol. 2 (Barcinone: Ediciones Península, 1983) * José Pardo Tomás, "Two glimpses of America from a distance: Carolus Clusius and Nicolás Monardes" in Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftizer, Robert Visser, edd., ''Carolus Clusius, Towards a Cultural History of a Renaissance Naturalist'' (Amstelodami: Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen, 2007) pp. 179-199 [https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114414/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/wp-content/HSSN/2007-8-Carolus%20Clusius.pdf Textus versionis praeliminaris] [[Categoria:Scripta 1565]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1574]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Carolus Clusius]] 6x54jjj74p2lkrji9eh9gwkpnbqpc5g 3974248 3974227 2026-07-24T18:54:27Z Andrew Dalby 1084 /* Bibliographia */ 3974248 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Monardes Dos libros 1565 tp.jpg|thumb|''Dos libros'' (1565): titulus]] [[Fasciculus:Monardes Historia medicinal 1580 tp.png|thumb|''Primera, segunda y tercera partes ...'' (1574): titulus]] [[Fasciculus:Monardes - 1574 - De simplicibus medicamentis - UB Radboud Uni Nijmegen - 208278206 01 title page.jpg|thumb|''De simplicibus medicamentis'' (1574): titulus]] '''''Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum historia''''' est titulus Latinus operis cuiusdam a [[Nicolaus Monardes|Nicolao Monarde]] medico [[Hispalis|Hispalensi]] anno [[1565]] Hispanice scripti, annis [[1571]] iterumque [[1574]] aucti, in multas linguas et sub multis titulis divulgati. Auctor hoc opere plantas medicinasque in [[America]] repertas, [[Europa|Europaeis]] utiles, describit, quas ille, Americae oceanique expers, a descriptionibus aliorum et speciminibus ad Hispalim importatis tantum cognovit. Versionem Latinam [[Carolus Clusius]] primum anno [[1574]], recensione ultima anno [[1605]] divulgavit. == Index capitulorum == Has res continent editio Hispanica 1574 editioque Latina 1605 (''Exoticorum'' p. 295 ff.): <div style="font-size:90%;"> {| class="wikitable sortable" !data-sort-type="number"|fol. !''Historia medicinal'' 1574 (''Dos libros'' 1565) !data-sort-type="number"|cap. !''Simplicium medicamentorum historia'' 1605 !Species principales |- |2r |'''Prima parte''' (1565 f. 1r) | | | |- |2v |''Del anime y copal'' (1565 f. 4r) |1 |De [[copal]] et anime |''[[Protium copal]]'', ''[[Bursera copallifera]]'', ''[[Hymenaea courbaril]]'', ''[[Vateria indica]]'' |- |3v |''De la tacamahaca'' (1565 f. 6r) |2 |De tacamahaca |''[[Calophyllum tacamahaca]]'', ''[[Ferula gummosa]]'' |- |5r |''De la caraña'' (1565 f. 8v) |3 |De caraña |''[[Bursera acuminata]]'' |- |6r |''Del azeyte de la higuera del Infierno'' (1565 f. 10r) |4 |Oleum cicinum, Ricinus Americus |''[[Jatropha curcas]]'' |- |7v |''Del betumen'' (1565 f. 12v) |5 |Bitumen | |- |7v |''Del liquidambar y azeyte de liquidambar'' (1565 f. 13r) |8 |Liquid-ambar et eius oleum |''[[Liquidambar styraciflua]]'' |- |9r |''Del balsamo'' (1565 f. 15v) |9<br />16<br />17 |Balsamum<br />Herba Ioannis Infantis<br />Radices venenis adversantes |''[[Myroxylon peruiferum]]'', ''[[Monarda]]'' sp., ''[[Vincetoxicum hirundinaria]]'' |- |12v |''Del guayacan y palo sancto'' (1565 f. 22r) |20 |Guayacan |''[[Guaiacum officinale]]'', ''[[Guaiacum sanctum]]'' |- |16r |''De la china'' (1565 f. 28v) |21 |China |''[[Smilax china]]'' |- |18v |''De la çarçaparilla'' (1565 f. 33r) |22 |Çarça-parilla |''[[Smilax aristolochiifolia]]'' |- |22v |''De la piedra de sangre y de la yjada'' (1565 f. 40r) |31<br />32<br />33<br />36 |Lapis nephriticus<br />Lapis tiburonum<br />Lapis caymanum<br />Lapis sanguinalis | |- |24r |''Del palo para los males de los riñones y de urina'' (1565 f. 42v) |27 |Lignum ad renum affectiones et urinae incommoda | |- |24v |''De la pimienta de las Indias'' (1565 f. 43v) |54 |[[Capsicum (fructus)|Piper]] |''[[Capsicum (genus)|Capsicum]]'' spp. |- |25r |''De la caña fistola'' (1565 f. 45r) |44 |Cassia solutiva |''[[Senna alexandrina]]'' |- |26r |''De las avellanas purgativas'' (1565 f. 46r) |47 |Avellanae purgatrices |''[[Jatropha multifida]]'', ''[[Moringa oleifera]]'' |- |26v |''De los piñones purgativos'' (1565 f. 47r) |48 |Nuclei pinei cathartici | |- |27v |''De las havas purgativas'' (1565 f. 48r) |49 |Fabae purgatrices |''[[Mucuna pruriens]]'' |- |28r |''De la leche del pinipinichi'' (1565 f. 49v) |50 |Lac pinipinichi |''[[Convolvulus mechoacana]]'' |- |28v |''Del mechoacan'' (1565 f. 50r) |51 |Mechoacan |''[[Ipomoea purga]]'' |- |37v |''Del sulphur bivo'' (1565 f. 66v) |56<br />57 |Sulphur vivum<br />Ad erysipelas | |- |38v |''Del palo aromatico'' (1565 f. 68r) |26 |Lignum aromaticum |''[[Bursera graveolens]]'' |- |41r |'''Segunda parte''' | | | |- |41r |''Del tabaco y de sus grandes virtudes'' |14 |Tabaco |''[[Nicotiana tabacum]]'' |- |51v |''Del arbol que traen de la Florida llamado sassafras'' |24 |Sassafras |''[[Sassafras albidum]]'' |- |65r |''Del carlo sancto, rayz trayda de Nueva España'' |23 |Carlo sancto |''[[Carapichea ipecacuanha]]''? |- |67v |''De las cuentas que se llaman de Sancta Elena'' |59 |Radix S. Helenae |''[[Dorstenia contrajerva]]'' |- |69r |''Del guacatane'' |61 |Guacatane |''[[Teucrium canadense]]'' |- |69v |''De la cevadilla'' |55 |Cevadilla |''[[Schoenocaulon officinale]]'' |- |73r |''Al muy magnifico señor, mi señor Doctor Monardes, medico en Sevilla''<ref>Auctore "''Pedro de Osma y de Xara y Zejo''"</ref> |75 |Epistola ad D. Nicolaum Monardum |''[[Schinus molle]]'' |- |78v |''El dragon''<ref>Rubrica in aliis editionibus: ''De la sangre del drago''</ref> |38<br />39<br />40 |Sanguis draconis<br />Gummi ad podagram<br />Fructus dysentericus |''[[Pterocarpus officinalis]]'', ''[[Clusia rosea]]'' |- |81r |''El armadillo'' |37 |Armadillo | |- |83r |''Flor del mechoacan'' |51 | | |- |84r |''Fructo del balsamo'' |9 | | |- |86r |''Pimienta luenga'' |54 | |''[[Piper aduncum]]'' |- |88r |''De la çarçaparrilla de Guayaquil'' |22 | | |- |91v |''Del ambar gris'' |7 |Ambarum | |- |98r |'''Tercera parte''' | | | |- |98r |''De la canela de nuestras Indias'' |25 |Canella Novi orbis |''[[Canella winterana]]'' |- |99r |''Del gengibre'' |18 |Zingiber |''[[Zingiber officinale]]'' |- |100r |''Del ruybarbo de Indias'' |19 |Rhabarbarum Americanum | |- |100v |''De las piñas'' |63 |Strobilus seu nux pinea |''[[Ananas comosus]]'' |- |101v |''De las guayavas'' |64 |Guayavas |''[[Psidium guajava]]'' |- |102r |''De los cachos'' |30 |Cachos | |- |102v |''De las flores de sangre'' |69 |Flos sanguineus |''[[Tropaeolum majus]]'' |- |103r |''Una corteza de un arbol para reumas'' |43 |Arboris cortex ad rheumatismos |''[[Senna marilandica]]'' |- |103v |''Del pacal'' |58 |Pacal | |- |103v |''Del payco'' |28 |Payco herba | |- |104r |''Yerva para mal de riñones'' |29 |Herba ad renum morbos utilis | |- |104r |''De la fruta que se cria debaxo de tierra'' |60 |Fructus sub terra nascens | |- |104v |''Del fruto llamado leucoma'' |41<br />42 |Leucoma fructus<br />Cortex ad alvi profluvia |''[[Pouteria sapota]]'', ''[[Simarouba amara]]'' |- |105r |''De las cuentas xaboneras'' |65 |Saponariae sphaerulae | |- |105v |''De los cangrejos de aquella tierra'' |77 |Cancri Peruani | |- |106r |''De los cardones'' |67 |Cardui |''[[Agave americana]]'' |- |106r |''De la yerva para quebrados'' |72 |Herba ad rupturas utilis | |- |106v |''De la bervena'' |73 |Verbena |''[[Verbena officinalis]]'' |- |107v |''Del mastuerço'' |70 |Nasturtium Peruanum |''[[Tropaeolum minus]]'' |- |108r |''De la lechuguilla silvestre'' |71 |Lactuca silvestris pumila | |- |108r |''Del licor llamado ambia'' |11<br />12 |Liquor ambia<br />Resina abiegna |''[[Abies balsamea]]'' |- |108v |''Del arbol que muestra si uno a de morir o bivir'' |74 |Herba mortem aut vitam in morbis praenuncians | |- |109r |''De la granadilla'' |66 |Granadilla |''[[Passiflora ligularis]]'' |- |109v |''De la yerva del sol'' |68 |Herba solis |''[[Helianthus annuus]]'' |- |110r |''De un betumen que se saca debaxo de tierra'' |6 |Bitumen fossile | |- |110v |''De las piedras bezaares del Peru'' |34 |Lapis bezaar Peruanus | |- |113v |''De las higueras del Peru'' |62 |Ficus Peruana |''[[Crescentia cujete]]''? |- |114r |''De la coca'' |52 |Coca |''[[Erythroxylon coca]]'' |- |115r |''De los colores diversos de tierra'' |76 |Terrae varii colores | |- |115v |''Del caçaui'' |53 |Caçaui |''[[Manihot esculenta]]'' |- |117v |''De los cañutos para el asma'' |15 |Tubuli ad asthma utiles | |- |118r |''Del carlo sancto'' |23 | | |- |119r |''De la piedra para la madre'' |35 |Lapis ad uteri suffocationes utilis | |- |119r |''De la caña fistola en conserva'' |45<br />46 |De cassia solutiva condita<br />Fructus cholagogus | |- |121r |''Del balsamo de Tolu'' |10<br />13 |Balsamum de Tolu<br />Resina Carthaginensis |''[[Myroxylon balsamum]]'' |} </div> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == ; Editiones * 1565 : ''Dos libros. El uno trata de todas las cosas que traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de medicina ... El otro libro trata de dos medicinas maravillosas que son contra todo veneno ...''. Hispali: Hernando Diaz [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002448-001 Textus apud archive.org] * 1569 : ''Dos libros, el uno que trata de todas las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de la medicina, y el otro que trata de la piedra bezaar, y de la yerva escuerçonera''. Hispali: Hernando Diaz {{Google Books|QdDf4rAzcgEC}} * 1571 : ''Segunda parte del libro des las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven al uso de la medicina; do se trata del tabaco, y de la sassafras, y del carlo sancto, y de otras muchas yervas y plantas, simientes, y licores que agora nuevamente han venido de aquellas partes, de grandes virtudes y maravillosos effectos''. Hispali: Alonso Escrivano {{Google Books|yP19XmWVSMwC}} * 1574 : ''Primera, segunda y tercera partes de la historia medicinal de las cosas que se traen de nuestras Indias Occidentales, que sirven en medicina; Tratado de la piedra bezaar, y dela yerva escuerçonera; Diálogo de las grandezas del hierro, y de sus virtudes medicinales'' {{Google Books|pEHeQNiTzA0C}} * 1580 : nova impressio [https://web.archive.org/web/20140710175952/http://bibdigital.rjb.csic.es/ing/Libro.php?Libro=4807 Textus] {{Google Books|bLRrIIPYfk0C}} ; Versio Latina a Carolo Clusio facta * 1574 : ''De simplicibus medicamentis ex occidentali India delatis quorum in medicina usus est'' [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753003541627 Textus] * 1579 : ''Simplicium medicamentorum ex novo orbe delatorum, quorum in medicina usus est, historia'' {{Google Books|58VbAAAAQAAJ}} * 1582 : nova impressio una cum operibus [[Garcias ab Orta|Garciae ab Orta]] et [[Christophorus Acosta|Christophori Acosta]] edita {{Google Books|ss1bAAAAQAAJ}} * 1593 : nova impressio [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753003634646#page/313/mode/2up Textus separatus] * 1605 : nova recensio in opere ''[[Exoticorum libri decem]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/mobot31753000811387#page/295/mode/2up Textus] ; Versiones aliae * 1575 : ''Delle Cose Che Vengono portate dall'Indie Occidentali pertinenti all'vso della Medicina''. Venetiis: Giordano Ziletti; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10186579 pars prima]; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10186580 pars secunda] * 1577 ([[Ioannes Frampton|John Frampton]], interpr.) : ''Ioyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii (ex editione Hispanica 1565 versa) [https://search.wellcomelibrary.org/iii/encore/record/C__Rb1093319 citatio huius editionis] ** nova editio 1580 (ex editione Hispanica 1574 aucta) {{Google Books|OatkAAAAcAAJ}} ** nova editio 1596 [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000810678 Textus] ** nova editio 1925 (editore [[Stephanus Gaselee|Stephano Gaselee]]) : ''Joyfull newes out of the newe founde worlde''. Londinii * 1602 ([[Antonius Colin|Anthoine Colin]], interpr.) : ''Histoire des simples medicamens apportés des Terres neuves, desquels on se sert en la medecine''. Lugduni: Jean Pillehotte; [http://www.manioc.org/patrimon/BBX17002 Textus (situs difficilis)]; [https://archive.org/details/hin-wel-all-00002571-001 p. 343 sqq. tantum] {{Google Books|vIvxO2Sit_AC|p. 502 sqq. tantum}} [https://archive.org/details/histoiredessimpl00mona Editio 1619] * 1895 (Karl Stünzner, interpr.) : ''Die Schrift des Monardes über die Arzneimittel Americas nach der lateinischen Übertragung des Clusius... übersetzt und erläutert''. Halis: Max Niemeyer [https://archive.org/details/mobot31753000753829 Textus] ; Eruditio * María Águeda Moreno Moreno, "El corpus indiano de materia herbaria de Nicolás Monardes y su recepción en los diccionarios bilingües (español-lenguas europeas, ss. XVI-XVIII)" in ''Alfinge'' vol. 26 (2014) pp. 117-145 * C. R. Boxer, ''Two pioneers of tropical medicine: Garcia d'Orta and Nicolás Monardes''. Londinii: Wellcome Historical Medical Library, 1963 * Francisco Guerra, ''Nicolás Bautista Monardes, su vida y su obra, ca. 1493-1588''. Mexicopoli, 1961 * "Monardes, Nicolás Bautista (n.Sevila ca. 1493; m. en Sevilla, 1588)" in José M. López Piñero et al., ''Diccionario Histórico de la Ciencia Moderna en España'' vol. 2 (Barcinone: Ediciones Península, 1983) * José Pardo Tomás, "Two glimpses of America from a distance: Carolus Clusius and Nicolás Monardes" in Florike Egmond, Paul Hoftizer, Robert Visser, edd., ''Carolus Clusius, Towards a Cultural History of a Renaissance Naturalist'' (Amstelodami: Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen, 2007) pp. 179-199 [https://web.archive.org/web/20161009114414/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/wp-content/HSSN/2007-8-Carolus%20Clusius.pdf Textus versionis praeliminaris] [[Categoria:Scripta 1565]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1574]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] [[Categoria:Hispaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Libri de medicamentis]] [[Categoria:Carolus Clusius]] 75dant8e2bu7op3hvuvra5kh6pk9kqb 0 267096 3974392 3973765 2026-07-25T01:42:54Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974392 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in DH.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Diepholtia]] '''Circulus terrae Diepholtia'''<ref name="Hofmannus">{{Hofmannus}}.</ref> (Germanice ''Landkreis Diepholz''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est et circulis pristinis comitatibus Diepholtia<ref name="Hofmannus"/> et Hoya. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit. Anno [[1803]] cum toto Ducato a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Imperii Francici]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1977]] circulus conditus est (vide supra). == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Bassum]], oppidum (15.768 incolae) * [[Diepholtia]]<ref name="Hofmannus"/>, caput circuli (16.692) * [[Stuhr]] (33.083) * [[Sulingen]], oppidum (12.681) * [[Syke]], oppidum (24.018) * [[Twistringen]], oppidum (12.219) * [[Wagenfeld]] (7102) * [[Weyhe]] (30.388) * [[Altes Amt Lemförde (commune generale)|Altes Amt Lemförde]] (8211) ** Brockum (1021) ** Hüde (1131) ** Lembruch (1148) ** Lemförde (sedes administrationis, 3105) ** Marl (718) ** Quernheim (424) ** Stemshorn (664) * [[Barnstorf (commune generale)|Barnstorf]] (12.016) ** Barnstorf (sedes administrationis, 6292) ** Drebber (2971) ** Drentwede (994) ** Eydelstedt (1759) * [[Bruchhausen-Vilsen (commune generale)|Bruchhausen-Vilsen]] (16.971) ** [[Asenthorpium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855">Hodenberg, W. von (Ed.) (1855). ''Hoyer Urkundenbuch:'' (Vol. I). Hannoverae: Jänecke Verlag.</ref> (2919) ** Bruchhausen-Vilsen (sedes administrationis, 8837) ** Martfeld (2681) ** Schwarme (2534) * [[Kirchdorf (commune generale)|Kirchdorf]] (7444) ** [[Bergenborstelium]]<ref name="Hodenberg 1855"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bahrenborstel''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bornbössel'' seu ''Boornbössel'') (1134) ** Barenburg (1242) ** Freistatt (632) ** Kirchdorf (sedes administrationis, 2145) ** Varrel (1504) ** Wehrbleck (787) * [[Rehden (commune generale)|Rehden]] (5887) ** Barver (1049) ** Dickel (462) ** Hemsloh (563) ** Rehden (sedes administrationis, 2055) ** Wetschen (1758) * [[Schwaförden (commune generale)|Schwaförden]] (6892) ** [[Affinghusia]]<ref name="Rathlef 1766">Rathlef, E. L. (1766). ''Geschichte der Grafschaften Hoya und Diepholz: Monimenta diplomatica et antiquitates ditionis Affinghusiae'' (Vol. I). Bremae: Försterischen Buchhandlung.</ref> (832) ** Ehrenburg (1510) ** Neuenkirchen (1163) ** Scholen (808) ** Schwaförde (sedes administrationis, 1523) ** Sudwalde (1056) * [[Siedenburg (commune generale)|Siedenburg]] (4604) ** Borstel (1249) ** Maasen (469) ** Mellinghausen (1075) ** Siedenburg (sedes administrationis, 1278) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Diepholz|Circulum Diepholtiam}} * [http://www.diepholz.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Diepholz circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] 01zt5aeltob56fwb8z0kfsvjqvljjjr 0 267154 3974394 3973092 2026-07-25T01:51:51Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974394 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in NI.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Neoburgensi]] '''Circulus Neoburgensis Visurgensis''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Nienburg/Weser''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli maxima ex parte ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Electoratu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1807]] ad [[1813]] pars [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erat. Tum ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinent et anno [[1977]] fines hodiernas accipit == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncti sunt: * [[Nova Urbs (Saxonia Inferior)|Nova Urbs]], Germanice ''Nienburg/Weser'', caput circuli (31.193 incolae) * [[Rehburg-Loccum]], Oppidum (10.154) * [[Steyerberg]] (5262) * [[Comitatus Hoya (commune generale)|Comitatus Hoya]] commune generale (16.757) ** [[Bücken]] (2139) ** [[Eystrup]] (3251) ** [[Gandesbergen]] (478) ** [[Hämelhausen]] (571) ** [[Hassel (Visurgis)]] (1856) ** [[Hilgermissen]] (2181) ** [[Hoya]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (3.772) ** [[Hoyerhagen]] (953) ** [[Schweringen]] (800) ** [[Warpe]] (756) * [[Heemsen (commune generale)|Heemsen]] commune generale (6.019) ** [[Drakenburg]] (1734) ** [[Haßbergen]] (1559) ** [[Heemsen]] (1706) ** [[Rohrsen]], sedes administrationis (1020) * [[Liebenau (commune generale)|Liebenau]] commune generale (5.950) ** [[Binnen]] (1010) ** [[Liebenau]], sedes administrationis (3688) ** [[Pennigsehl]] (1252) * [[Marklohe (commune generale)|Marklohe]] commune generale (8.349) ** [[Balga Cortis]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Balge'') (1752) ** [[Marklohe]], sedes administrationis (4432) ** [[Wietzen]] (2165) * [[Mittelweser (commune generale)|Mittelweser]] commune generale (15.830) ** [[Estorf]] (1668) ** [[Husum (Neoburgum)|Husum]] (2338) ** [[Landesbergen]] (2730) ** [[Leese]] (1638) ** [[Stolzenau]], sedes administrationis (7456) * [[Steimbke (commune generale)|Steimbke]] commune generale (7.186) ** [[Linsburg]] (922) ** [[Rodewald]] (2496) ** [[Steimbke]], sedes administrationis (2466) ** [[Stöckse]] (1302) * [[Uchte (commune generale)|Uchte]] commune generale (13.932) ** [[Diepenau]] (3883) ** [[Raddestorf]] (1886) ** [[Uchte]] (4882) ** [[Warmsen]] (3281) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Nienburg/Weser|Circulum Neoburgensem}} * [http://www.lk-nienburg.de/ Pagina officialis] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Neoburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] syaylry1aknyct0ujcfnuurau7oku1k 0 267392 3974249 3973714 2026-07-24T18:54:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974249 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]] '''Circulus Osnabrugae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Osnabrück''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae) * [[Bad Iburg]], oppidum (10.548) * [[Bad Laer]] (9268) * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] (7839) * [[Belm]] (13.581) * [[Bissendorf]] (14.370) * [[Bohmte]] (12.637) * [[Bramsche]], oppidum (36.013) * [[Dissen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]], oppidum (9390) * [[Georgsmarienhütte]], oppidum (31.520) * [[Glandorf]] (6664) * [[Hagen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (13.475) * [[Hasbergen]] (10.901) * [[Hilter ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (10.243) * [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039) * [[Ostercappeln]] (9566) * [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018) * [[Artland (commune generale)|Artland]] commune generale (22.839) ** [[Badbergen]] (4572) ** [[Menslage]] (2462) ** [[Nortrup]] (2960) ** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845) * [[Bersenbrück (commune generale)|Bersenbrück]] commune generale (28.870) ** [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> (3910) ** [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> (7314) ** [[Bersenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (8315) ** [[Eggermühlen]] (1703) ** [[Gehrde]] (2504) ** [[Kettenkamp]] (1688) ** [[Rieste]] (3436) * [[Fürstenau (commune generale)|Fürstenau]] commune generale (15.873) ** [[Berge]] (3518) ** [[Bippen]] (2945) ** [[Fürstenau]], oppidum et sedes administraionis (9410) * [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162) ** [[Merzen]] (3921) ** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498) ** [[Voltlage]] (1743) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}} * [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] s7vhhkw13ecgebi9thllaen0bwwe272 3974276 3974249 2026-07-24T20:04:38Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974276 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]] '''Circulus Osnabrugae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Osnabrück''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae) * [[Bad Laer]] (9268) * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] (7839) * [[Belm]] (13.581) * [[Bissendorf]] (14.370) * [[Bohmte]] (12.637) * [[Bramsche]], oppidum (36.013) * [[Dissen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]], oppidum (9390) * [[Georgsmarienhütte]], oppidum (31.520) * [[Glandorf]] (6664) * [[Hagen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (13.475) * [[Hasbergen]] (10.901) * [[Hilter ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (10.243) * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> <<small>([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548) * [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039) * [[Ostercappeln]] (9566) * [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018) * [[Artland (commune generale)|Artland]] commune generale (22.839) ** [[Badbergen]] (4572) ** [[Menslage]] (2462) ** [[Nortrup]] (2960) ** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845) * [[Bersenbrück (commune generale)|Bersenbrück]] commune generale (28.870) ** [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> (3910) ** [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> (7314) ** [[Bersenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (8315) ** [[Eggermühlen]] (1703) ** [[Gehrde]] (2504) ** [[Kettenkamp]] (1688) ** [[Rieste]] (3436) * [[Fürstenau (commune generale)|Fürstenau]] commune generale (15.873) ** [[Berge]] (3518) ** [[Bippen]] (2945) ** [[Fürstenau]], oppidum et sedes administraionis (9410) * [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162) ** [[Merzen]] (3921) ** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498) ** [[Voltlage]] (1743) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}} * [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] aj40lviedbz31sa2g2432muaounixbd 3974277 3974276 2026-07-24T20:04:59Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974277 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]] '''Circulus Osnabrugae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Osnabrück''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae) * [[Bad Laer]] (9268) * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] (7839) * [[Belm]] (13.581) * [[Bissendorf]] (14.370) * [[Bohmte]] (12.637) * [[Bramsche]], oppidum (36.013) * [[Dissen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]], oppidum (9390) * [[Georgsmarienhütte]], oppidum (31.520) * [[Glandorf]] (6664) * [[Hagen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (13.475) * [[Hasbergen]] (10.901) * [[Hilter ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (10.243) * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548) * [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039) * [[Ostercappeln]] (9566) * [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018) * [[Artland (commune generale)|Artland]] commune generale (22.839) ** [[Badbergen]] (4572) ** [[Menslage]] (2462) ** [[Nortrup]] (2960) ** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845) * [[Bersenbrück (commune generale)|Bersenbrück]] commune generale (28.870) ** [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> (3910) ** [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> (7314) ** [[Bersenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (8315) ** [[Eggermühlen]] (1703) ** [[Gehrde]] (2504) ** [[Kettenkamp]] (1688) ** [[Rieste]] (3436) * [[Fürstenau (commune generale)|Fürstenau]] commune generale (15.873) ** [[Berge]] (3518) ** [[Bippen]] (2945) ** [[Fürstenau]], oppidum et sedes administraionis (9410) * [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162) ** [[Merzen]] (3921) ** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498) ** [[Voltlage]] (1743) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}} * [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] papx17j7l49dqa2szyozxhd22wn8hct 3974351 3974277 2026-07-24T23:39:21Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974351 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]] '''Circulus Osnabrugae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Osnabrück''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae) * [[Bad Rothenfelde]] (7839) * [[Belm]] (13.581) * [[Bissendorf]] (14.370) * [[Bohmte]] (12.637) * [[Bramsche]], oppidum (36.013) * [[Dissen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]], oppidum (9390) * [[Georgsmarienhütte]], oppidum (31.520) * [[Glandorf]] (6664) * [[Hagen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (13.475) * [[Hasbergen]] (10.901) * [[Hilter ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (10.243) * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548) * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'') (9268) * [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039) * [[Ostercappeln]] (9566) * [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018) * [[Artland (commune generale)|Artland]] commune generale (22.839) ** [[Badbergen]] (4572) ** [[Menslage]] (2462) ** [[Nortrup]] (2960) ** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845) * [[Bersenbrück (commune generale)|Bersenbrück]] commune generale (28.870) ** [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> (3910) ** [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> (7314) ** [[Bersenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (8315) ** [[Eggermühlen]] (1703) ** [[Gehrde]] (2504) ** [[Kettenkamp]] (1688) ** [[Rieste]] (3436) * [[Fürstenau (commune generale)|Fürstenau]] commune generale (15.873) ** [[Berge]] (3518) ** [[Bippen]] (2945) ** [[Fürstenau]], oppidum et sedes administraionis (9410) * [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162) ** [[Merzen]] (3921) ** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498) ** [[Voltlage]] (1743) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}} * [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 2wi4lc8ligzinmlmdjbp4sa34ogs3zu 3974369 3974351 2026-07-25T00:36:35Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974369 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in OS.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Osnabrugensi]] '''Circulus Osnabrugae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Osnabrück''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1803]] ad [[Ducatus Luneburgensis|Ducatum Luneburgensem]] pertinuit. Anno [[1805]] cum toto Ducatu a copiis [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Francicis]] occupatum est. Ab anno [[1810]] ad [[1813]] ad [[Primum Imperium Francicum|Franciam]] pertinuit. Ab anno [[1814]] ad [[Regnum Hannoveranum]], ab anno [[1866]] ad [[Borussia]]m pertinuit. Anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1974]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communia generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Assena]]<ref name="Philippi & Bar 1892">Philippi, F., & Bär, M. (Eds.) (1892). ''Osnabrücker Urkundenbuch: Die Urkunden der Jahre 772-1200'' (Vol. 1). Verein für Geschichte und Landeskunde von Osnabrück. </ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Essen'') (15.263 incolae) * [[Belm]] (13.581) * [[Bissendorf]] (14.370) * [[Bohmte]] (12.637) * [[Bramsche]], oppidum (36.013) * [[Campus Rufus]]<ref name="Stüve 1789"/> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Rothenfelde'') (7839) * [[Dissen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]], oppidum (9390) * [[Georgsmarienhütte]], oppidum (31.520) * [[Glandorf]] (6664) * [[Hagen ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (13.475) * [[Hasbergen]] (10.901) * [[Hilter ad saltum Teutoburgensem]] (10.243) * [[Iburgum]]<ref name="Von Schaten 1714">Von Schaten, N. (1714). ''Monumenta Osnabrugensia ex historia romana, francica, saxonicaque eruta''. Typis Jodoci Henrici Meyer.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Iburg''; [[Saxonice]] ''Bad Ibig'' seu ''Ibig''), urbs (10.548) * [[Laerium]]<ref name="Stüve 1789">Stüve, J. E. (1789). ''Beschreibung des Fürstenthums Osnabrück mit einigen Urkunden''. Kißling.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Laer'') (9268) * [[Melle]], oppidum(46.039) * [[Ostercappeln]] (9566) * [[Wallenhorst]] (23.018) * [[Artland (commune generale)|Artland]] commune generale (22.839) ** [[Badbergen]] (4572) ** [[Menslage]] (2462) ** [[Nortrup]] (2960) ** [[Quakenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (12.845) * [[Bersenbrück (commune generale)|Bersenbrück]] commune generale (28.870) ** [[Alfhusium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> (3910) ** [[Anchemium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/> (7314) ** [[Bersenbrück]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (8315) ** [[Eggermühlen]] (1703) ** [[Gehrde]] (2504) ** [[Kettenkamp]] (1688) ** [[Rieste]] (3436) * [[Fürstenau (commune generale)|Fürstenau]] commune generale (15.873) ** [[Berge]] (3518) ** [[Bippen]] (2945) ** [[Fürstenau]], oppidum et sedes administraionis (9410) * [[Neuenkirchen (commune generale)|Neuenkirchen]] commune generale (10.162) ** [[Merzen]] (3921) ** [[Neuenkirchen]], sedes administrationis * (4498) ** [[Voltlage]] (1743) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Osnabrück|Circulum Osnabrugensem}} * [http://landkreis-osnabrueck/ Pagina officialis]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{geo-stipula}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Osnabrugensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] c1evfklvl2cbkcwcoqozb65myihwleg 0 267412 3974395 3973726 2026-07-25T01:57:28Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974395 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} '''Circulus Stadae''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Stade''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1885]] conditus est et finibus mutatis ad diem hodiernum exstat. == De rebus gestis == Ager circuli ab anno [[1719]] ad [[Electoratus Brunsvici-Luneburgi|Electoratum Brunsvici-Luneburgi]] pertinuit, post [[Bella Coalitionum|Bella Napoleonica]] ad novum [[Regnum Hannoveranum]]. Ab anno [[1866]] pars [[Borussia]]e fuit. Anno [[1932]] fines circuli auctae sunt. Ab anno [[1946]] circulus ad Saxoniam Inferiorem pertinet et anno [[1972]] fines hodiernas accipit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Buxtehude]], urbs Hanseatica (40.173 incolae) * [[Drochtersen]] (11.292) * [[Jork]] (12.050) * [[Stadae]] caput circuli et urbs Hanseatica (46.378) * [[Abensium (commune generale)|Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705">Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et pagis ditionis Rotenburgensis (Caput de parochia Ahusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiqua parochia Alfhusii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis et Comitatus Lingensis (Caput de parochia Anderveniae)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Brunsvicensis et Lunaeburgensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis et parochiis ditionis Osnabrugensis (Caput de antiquo archidiaconatu Anchemii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1705). ''Chronicon Ducatus Bremensis et Verdensis: De ecclesiis, archidiaconatuis, decimis et pagis ditionis Stadiensis (Caput de parochia Abensii)''. Cellis: Typis Holmerianis.</ref> commune generale (8958) ** [[Abensium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1705"/>, sedes administrationis (3945) ** [[Beckdorf]] (2660) ** [[Sauensiek]] (2353) * [[Fredenbeck (commune generale)|Fredenbeck]] commune generale (12.704) ** [[Deinste]] (1999) ** [[Fredenbeck]], sedes administrationis (6072) ** [[Kutenholz]] (4633) * [[Harsefeld (commune generale)|Harsefeld]] commune generale (20.929) ** [[Alorstedium]]<ref name="Pratje 1758">Pratje, J. H. (1758). ''Historische Nachrichten von dem ehemaligen berühmten Closter Harsefeld: Monumenta ac documenta saeculi XII ubi de decimis Alorstedii agitur''. Stadae: Typis H. C. Götheli.</ref> (5273) ** [[Bargstedt]] (1987) ** [[Brest]] (795) ** [[Harsefeld]], sedes administrationis (12.874) * [[Horneburg (commune generale)|Horneburg]] commune generale (12.388) ** [[Arx Agathae]]<ref name="Kochen 1724">Kochen, J. H. (1724). ''Introductio in Historiam Ducatus Bremensis y Verdensis: Accesserunt diplomata varia et descriptio Arcis Agathae et ditionis Stadiensis''. Stadae: Typis Caspari Holmii.</ref> (1180) ** [[Bliedersdorf]] (1717) ** [[Dollern]] (2034) ** [[Horneburg]], sedes administrationis (6026) ** [[Nottensdorf]] (1431) * [[Lühe (commune generale)|Lühe]] commune generale (9844) ** [[Grünendeich]] (1871) ** [[Guderhandviertel]] (1111) ** [[Hollern-Twielenfleth]] (3360) ** [[Mittelnkirchen]] (1076) ** [[Neuenkirchen]] (838) ** [[Steinkirchen]], sedes administrationis (1588) * [[Nordkehdingen (commune generale)|Nordkehdingen]] commune generale (7375) ** [[Balga]]<ref name="Udolph 1994">Udolph, J. (1994). ''Namenkundliche Studien zum Germanenproblem'' (Reallexikon der Germanischen Altertumskunde, Ergänzungsbände 9). Walter de Gruyter.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] et [[Saxonice]] ''Balje'') (1017) ** [[Friburgum ad Albim]] (''Freiburg/Elbe'') (1872) ** [[Krummendeich]] (490) ** [[Oederquart]] (1040) ** [[Wischhafen]] (2956) * [[Oldendorf-Himmelpforten (commune generale)|Oldendorf-Himmelpforten]] commune generale (17.963) ** [[Burweg]] (1007) ** [[Düdenbüttel]] (990) ** [[Engelschoff]] (763) ** [[Estorf]] (1428) ** [[Großenwörden]] (454) ** [[Hammah]] (3066) ** [[Heinbockel]] (1420) ** [[Himmelpforten]], sedes administrationis (5127) ** [[Kranenburg]] (726) ** [[Oldendorf]] (2982) == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Stade|Circulum Stadae}} * [http://www.landkreis-stade.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Stadae circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1885]] 97yspvfwoz4qo9a78qf2g5xt7fonr5n 0 267419 3974200 3973781 2026-07-24T14:40:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974200 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]] '''Circulus Theorosburgensis''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Schaumburg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Bocensis]] (Germ. ''Bückeburg'') oppidum (19.182) * [[Haga Schauenburgi]] (Germ. ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814) * [[Obernkirchen]], oppidum (9196) * [[Rinteln]] (25.187) * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> (Germ. ''Auetal'') (6315 incolae) * [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715) ** [[Ahnsen]] (1045) ** [[Buchholz]] (724) ** [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480) ** [[Heeßen]] (1385) ** [[Luhden]] (1081) * [[Lindhorst (commune generale)|Lindhorst]] commune generale (7796) ** [[Beckedorf]] (1442) ** [[Heuerßen]] (938) ** [[Lindhorst]], sedes administrationis (4351) ** [[Lüdersfeld]] (1065) * [[Nenndorf (commune generale)|Nenndorf]] commune generale (16.960) ** [[Bad Nenndorf]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (10.649) ** [[Haste]] (2749) ** [[Hohnhorst]] (2076) ** [[Suthfeld]] (1486) * [[Niedernwöhren (commune generale)|Niedernwöhren]] commune generale (8115) ** [[Lauenhagen]] (1338) ** [[Meerbeck]] (1965) ** [[Niedernwöhren]], sedes administrationis (1978) ** [[Nordsehl]] (730) ** [[Pollhagen]] (1104) ** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000) * [[Nienstädt (commune generale)|Nienstädt]] commune generale Nienstädt (10.111) ** [[Helpsen]], sedes administrationis (1944) ** [[Hespe]] (2058) ** [[Nienstädt]] (4566) ** [[Seggebruch]] (1543) * [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562) ** [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> (Germ. ''Apelern'') * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> (2470) (Germ. ''Adendorf'') ** [[Hülsede]] (1049) ** [[Lauenau]] (4100) ** [[Messenkamp]] (744) ** [[Pohle]] (851) ** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348) * [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253) ** [[Hagenburg]] (4494) ** [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> (Germ. ''Auhagen'') (1274) ** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911) ** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}} * [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] 4m92wmdp9v0r3k4clwe4oo5ggskpixf 3974361 3974200 2026-07-25T00:09:31Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974361 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]] '''Circulus Theorosburgensis''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Schaumburg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Bocensis]] (Germ. ''Bückeburg'') oppidum (19.182) * [[Haga Schauenburgi]] (Germ. ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814) * [[Obernkirchen]], oppidum (9196) * [[Rinteln]] (25.187) * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> (Germ. ''Auetal'') (6315 incolae) * [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715) ** [[Ahnsen]] (1045) ** [[Buchholz]] (724) ** [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480) ** [[Heeßen]] (1385) ** [[Luhden]] (1081) * [[Lindhorst (commune generale)|Lindhorst]] commune generale (7796) ** [[Beckedorf]] (1442) ** [[Heuerßen]] (938) ** [[Lindhorst]], sedes administrationis (4351) ** [[Lüdersfeld]] (1065) * [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> commune generale (16.960) ** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649) ** [[Haste]] (2749) ** [[Hohnhorst]] (2076) ** [[Suthfeld]] (1486) * [[Niedernwöhren (commune generale)|Niedernwöhren]] commune generale (8115) ** [[Lauenhagen]] (1338) ** [[Meerbeck]] (1965) ** [[Niedernwöhren]], sedes administrationis (1978) ** [[Nordsehl]] (730) ** [[Pollhagen]] (1104) ** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000) * [[Nienstädt (commune generale)|Nienstädt]] commune generale Nienstädt (10.111) ** [[Helpsen]], sedes administrationis (1944) ** [[Hespe]] (2058) ** [[Nienstädt]] (4566) ** [[Seggebruch]] (1543) * [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562) ** [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> (Germ. ''Apelern'') * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> (2470) (Germ. ''Adendorf'') ** [[Hülsede]] (1049) ** [[Lauenau]] (4100) ** [[Messenkamp]] (744) ** [[Pohle]] (851) ** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348) * [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253) ** [[Hagenburg]] (4494) ** [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> (Germ. ''Auhagen'') (1274) ** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911) ** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}} * [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] mysn79jqyshplwmdgq5sxwszy6gq7yp 3974362 3974361 2026-07-25T00:10:44Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974362 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in SHG.svg|300px|right|Communia in circulo Theorosburgensi]] '''Circulus Theorosburgensis''' (Germanice ''Landkreis Schaumburg''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1977]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Pars agri circuli ad annum [[1946]] ad civitatem [[Schaumburgum-Lippia]]m pertinuit. Alia pars comitatus Schaumburgum ad [[Electoratus Hassiae|Electoratum Hassiae]] pertinuit. Annis [[1807]] - [[1813]] hae regiones partes [[Regnum Westphaliae|Regni Westphaliae]] erant. Anno [[1866]] [[Borussia]] electoratum Hassiae ad se adiunxit. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1977]] circuli Schaumburgum-Lippia et Comitatus Schaumburgum ad hodiernum circulum coniuncti sunt. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli, quae partim ad communi generalia coniuncta sunt: * [[Bocensis]] (Germ. ''Bückeburg'') oppidum (19.182) * [[Haga Schauenburgi]] (Germ. ''Stadthagen''), caput circuli (21.814) * [[Obernkirchen]], oppidum (9196) * [[Rinteln]] (25.187) * [[Vallis Augae]]<ref name="SLH 1988">Societas Latina Hannoverana (1988). ''Fasciculi geographici et historici: De parvis provinciis ditionis Hannoveranae et Schaumburgensis''. Hannoverae: Typis Exscripsit Libraria Scripturarum.</ref> (Germ. ''Auetal'') (6315 incolae) * [[Eildissum (commune generale)|Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865">Stumpf-Brentano, K. F. (Ed.) (1865). ''Die Reichskanzler vornehmlich des X., XI. und XII. Jahrhunderts: Acta Imperii Selecta'' (Vol. 2). [[Aeni Pons (Austria)|Aeni Ponte]]: Wagner'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen'') commune generale (6715) ** [[Ahnsen]] (1045) ** [[Buchholz]] (724) ** [[Eildissum]]<ref name="Stumpf-Brentano II 1865"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Eilsen''; [[Saxonice]] ''Ahlsen''), sedes administrationis (2480) ** [[Heeßen]] (1385) ** [[Luhden]] (1081) * [[Lindhorst (commune generale)|Lindhorst]] commune generale (7796) ** [[Beckedorf]] (1442) ** [[Heuerßen]] (938) ** [[Lindhorst]], sedes administrationis (4351) ** [[Lüdersfeld]] (1065) * [[Aquae Nendorpenses (commune generale)|Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805"/> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf'') commune generale (16.960) ** [[Aquae Nendorpenses]]<ref name="Marcard 1805">Marcard, H. M. (1805). ''De salubritate aquarum nendorpensium et de earum usu in morbis chronicis''. [[Goettinga]]e: Dieterich.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bad Nenndorf''), urbs et sedes administrationis (10.649) ** [[Haste]] (2749) ** [[Hohnhorst]] (2076) ** [[Suthfeld]] (1486) * [[Niedernwöhren (commune generale)|Niedernwöhren]] commune generale (8115) ** [[Lauenhagen]] (1338) ** [[Meerbeck]] (1965) ** [[Niedernwöhren]], sedes administrationis (1978) ** [[Nordsehl]] (730) ** [[Pollhagen]] (1104) ** [[Wiedensahl]] (1000) * [[Nienstädt (commune generale)|Nienstädt]] commune generale Nienstädt (10.111) ** [[Helpsen]], sedes administrationis (1944) ** [[Hespe]] (2058) ** [[Nienstädt]] (4566) ** [[Seggebruch]] (1543) * [[Rodenberg (commune generale)|Rodenberg]] commune generale (15.562) ** [[Apleremum]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703">Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis: De ecclesiis parochialibus et ditione antiqua oppidi Adenhusii''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri; et: Schlegel, J. C. (1703). ''Chronica Parochiarum ditionis Mindensis et Hildesiensis:...''. Mindae: Typis Johannis Meyeri.</ref> (Germ. ''Apelern'') * [[Adenthorpium]]<ref name="Höhbaum 1876">Höhbaum, K. (Ed.) (1876). ''Hansisches Urkundenbuch: Monumenta Germaniae Historica e codicibus diplomaticis Bremensibus et Luneburgensibus'' (Vol. I). Halis Saxonum: Typis Orphanotrophei.</ref> (2470) (Germ. ''Adendorf'') ** [[Hülsede]] (1049) ** [[Lauenau]] (4100) ** [[Messenkamp]] (744) ** [[Pohle]] (851) ** [[Rodenberg]], oppidum et sedes administrationis (6348) * [[Sachsenhagen (commune generale)|Sachsenhagen]] commune generale (9253) ** [[Hagenburg]] (4494) ** [[Ovenhagium]]<ref name="Schlegel 1703"/> (Germ. ''Auhagen'') (1274) ** [[Sachsenhagen]], opppidum et sedes administrationis (1911) ** [[Wölpinghausen]] (1574) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] == Nexus externi == {{commonscat|Landkreis Schaumburg|Circulum Theorosburgensem}} * [http://www.schaumburg.de/ Pagina officialis] == Notae == <references /> {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Theorosburgensis circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1977]] seun06ey8hcsbze4w4fo9gjxr54b7u0 0 267449 3974393 3973141 2026-07-25T01:47:07Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 3974393 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa subdivisionis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Municipalities in VEC.svg|200px|right|Communia in circulo Vetha]] '''Circulus Vetha'''<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref> (Germanice ''Landkreis Vechta''), pars [[Saxonia Inferior|Saxoniae Inferioris]], anno [[1814]] conditus est. == De rebus gestis == Ager huius circuli ab anno [[1252]] ad [[Dioecesis Monasteriensis|principatum episcopatus Monasterium]] pertinuit. Anno [[1801]] copiae [[Borussia]]e invaserunt. Anno [[1803]] pars [[Ducatus Oldenburgensis]] factus est. Annis ab [[1810]] ad [[1814]] [[Primum Imperium Francicum]] eam regionem usurpavit. Anno [[1814]] magistratus Vethae conditus et anno [[1939]] circulus Vetha nominatus est. Anno [[1946]] tota regio pars Saxoniae Inferioris facta est. Anno [[1974]] circulus Vetha fines hodiernas accepit. == Communia circuli == Haec sunt communia huius circuli: * [[Bochorna]]<ref name="Graesse">{{Graesse}}.</ref> ([[Theodisce]] ''Bakum'')</small> (6123 incolae) * [[Damme]], oppidum (16.872) * [[Dinklage]], oppidum (12.914) * [[Goldenstedt]] (9572) * [[Holdorf]] (6816) * [[Lohne]], oppidum (26.060) * [[Neuenkirchen-Vörden]] (8392) * [[Steinfeld]] (9903) * [[Vetha]]<ref name="Orbis Latinus A-D">[https://www.bavarikon.de/object/bav:BSB-MDZ-00000BSB00050912?p=1&cq=Antonius%20%E3%80%88de%20Brixia%E3%80%89&lang=de ''Orbis latinus : Lexikon lateinischer geographischer Namen des Mittelalters und der Neuzeit / 1. A-D''].</ref>, caput circuli (31.558) * [[Visbek]] (9656) {{NexInt}} * [[Index circulorum et liberarum urbium Saxoniae Inferioris]] ==Notae== <references /> == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Landkreis Vechta|Circulum Vetham}} * [http://www.landkreis-vechta.de/ Pagina officialis] {{Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Vechta circulus}} [[Categoria:Circuli terrae Saxoniae Inferioris]] [[Categoria:Constituta 1814]] ck2agg45xk8ekhgmmgjjsxl5rwhpo7m 0 272027 3974164 3795628 2026-07-24T12:03:10Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974164 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ Propofolum |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Propofol.svg|200px|Propofolum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Propofol molecule ball.png|200px|Propofolum]] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | C₁₂H₁₈O |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 178.271 g/mol |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/4943 4943] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://web.archive.org/web/20170809171228/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB00818 DB00818] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Codex ATC]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|N01AX|10}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Initium efficiendi || style="font-size: 85%" | 15-30 [[Secundum|s]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Continuatio efficiendi || style="font-size: 85%" | 5-10 [[Minutum|min]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Tempus semivitae biologicum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 2-24 h |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | in [[iecur|iecore]] (hepaticus): coniugatione |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | intra venam |} '''Propofolum''' est [[narcoticum]] et [[medicamentum]] in [[anaesthesiologia]] adhibitum. Initium suum efficiendi celerrimum, continuatio brevissimum. == Natura Propofoli == === Natura chemica === Propofolum est [[alkylophenolum]]. Nomen [[Unio internationalis chemiae purae applicatae|IUPAC]] suum est 2,6-di-iso-propylo-phenolum, quod est anulus aromaticus ([[benzenum]]) cum duobus gregis [[propanum|(iso)propani]]. Propofolum est [[liquor]] sine [[color]]e; [[massa molaris]] sua 178.271 g/mol. Cum in [[aqua]] insolubilis esset, in [[oleum]] [[soia]]e misceri potest. === Natura pharmacologica === Propofolum est [[medicamentum]] cum virtutibus hypnoticis. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codex ATC]] est {{ATC|N01AX|10}}. === Pharmacodynamica === Propofolum receptoria GABA_A, ideo effectus [[neurotransmissor]]is [[GABA]] augens, obsidet. === Pharmacocinetica === [[Tempus semivitae biologicum]] <math>t_{\frac{1}{2}}</math>.<ref>http://goldbook.iupac.org/B00658.html</ref> 1.5-23 h est. Metabolismus in [[iecor]]e per coniugationem fit. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Anaesthetica]] ih3n3i42cnt7bp3at60vqlesjv6iwoz 0 272583 3974175 3821994 2026-07-24T13:18:37Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974175 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidata}} [[Fasciculus:Pozza e Vigo di Fassa.jpg|thumb|Despectus in Pozzam et Vicum Fasciae]] '''Fanum Sancti Ioannis Fasciae'''{{Convertimus}} ([[Lingua Italiana|Italiane]]: ''[[:it:San Giovanni di Fassa|San Giovanni di Fassa]]'') est [[Commune Italiae|municipium]] [[Italia]]e, circiter 3.528 incolarum, in [[Libera Provincia Tridentina|Provincia Tridentina]] situm.Incolae ''Ioannenses'' appellantur Municipium pertinet ad [[Communitas Fasciensis|Communitatem Fasciensem]], cuius caput est. == Insignia == <gallery> Fasciculus:Corona di comune.svg|''[[Municipium Italiae]]'' Fasciculus:Flag of Ladinia.svg|''[[Ladinia]]'' </gallery> == Geographia == * [[Vallis Fasciensis]] == Ethnográphia == Gentes Ioannenses [[Lingua Ladina (Dolomiana)|linguam ladinam]] loquuntur. == Historia == Die [[1 Ianuarii]] [[2018]] municipium [[Pozza]]e se coniunxit cum municipiis [[Vicus Fasciae|Vici Fasciae]] ut constituiret [[Municipia iuncta Italiae|municipium novum]] Sancti Ioannis Fasciae. == Ecclesia Catholica Romana == * [[Archidioecesis Tridentina]] == Fractiones, vici et loci in municipio == === Municipia abrogata === * [[Pozza]], * [[Vicus Fasciae]]. === Fractiones === * [[Pozza]] (''sedes municipalis''), * [[Vicus Fasciae]], '' Costa, Larzonei, Monzon, Passo Carezza, Pera, Pozza, Ronch, San Giovanni, Tamion, Vallonga''. == Municipia finitima == '' Canazei, Mazzin, Moena, Nova Levante (BZ), Rocca Pietore (BL), Soraga di Fassa, Tires (BZ)'' {{NexInt}} * [[Tridentinum-Athesia Superior/Tirolis Meridionalis|Tridentinum-Athesiam Superiorem/Tirolem Meridionalem]] (''regionem'') * [[Libera Provincia Tridentina|Liberam Provinciam Tridentinam]] seu [[Tridentinum]] (''provinciam'' ac ''terram'') * [[Communitas Fasciensis|Communitatem Fasciensem]] (''communitatem vallis''), * [[Tridentum]] (''urbem''), * [[Municipia iuncta Italiae]], * [[Municipium Italiae]]. == Nexus externi == * [http://www.comune.senjandifassa.tn.it/ Situs publicus] {{CommuniaCat|Sèn Jan di Fassa|Fanum Sancti Ioannis Fasciae}} == Pinacotheca == <gallery> Imago:Map of comune of San Giovanni di Fassa (province of Trento, region Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy) 2023.svg|Collocatio finium municipii in Libera Provincia Tridentina. Imago:Comunità TN - Posizione11.png|Collocatio communinatis vallis, quae pertinet ad municipio, in Libera Provincia Tridentina. </gallery> == Notae == <references /> {{urbs-stipula}} [[Categoria:Fanum Sancti Ioannis Fasciae| ]] thvaqb18x2cx4st5m6kx7e9ma0hvi4v 0 274065 3974171 3874061 2026-07-24T12:51:13Z Indoctusbarbarus 212359 /* growthexperiments-addlink-summary-summary:3|0|0 */ 3974171 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of ireland.jpg|thumb|''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando'' Hiberniam totam comprehendit et repraesentat, et septentrionem et meridiem]] '''Associatio Esperantica Hiberniae''' (Esperantice: ''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando/EAI'', Hibernice: ''Cumann Esperanto na hÉireann'', [[Lingua Anglica|Anglice]]: ''Esperanto Association of Ireland'') [[Hibernia]]e officialis [[lingua Esperantica|esperantistarum]] sodalitas est uniens Hiberniam utramque. Cooperationes artae ex anno 1970 fiunt cum [[Universalis Societas Esperantica|Universali Societate Esperantica/UEA]]. ==Historia== Grex esperantistarum primus convenit [[Dublinum|Dublini]] inde ab anno 1905 cui nomen ''Grupo Esperantista Dublino''. Anno 1907 fundata est associatio Esperantica praeside E.E. Fournier d’Albe. In praesidio sedebat etiam Iosephus M. Plunkett qui cum sex collegis anno 1916 proclamationem de Hibernica Republica erigenda subscripserat. [[primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] vita Esperantica viva quasi in sopore fuit. Postea Manfred Douglas Dublinensium scriba operam revivificationis assumpsit. Anno 1925 facta est restructio. Annis inter 1925 et 1930 emolumentum sodalicium felix progressum est. Cursus, conventiculos, praelectiones instituerunt. Periodicum quoque habebant cui titulus "Irlanda Esperantisto", quo tempore sectio Esperantica instaurata est apud Societatem linguarum recentium. Ibi praeconia multa pro Esperanticis facere fas erat. Anno 1927 officialis Lorcán Ó hUiginn membrum associationis factum est, mox et eius praeses honorarius et legatus Hiberniae in conventibus internationalibus. Commentarios duos edi iussit, "La Kolombo" et "Irlando Vokas"; eodem tempore [[Unio Internationalis Esperantistarum Catholicorum|catholici esperantistae]] multum agebant. Neutrales esperantistae et catholici (congregati apud ''Irlanda Ligo de Katolikaj Esperantistoj/ILKE'') amicaliter et iugiter pro re bona operam dabant. Annos inter 1934 et 1935 illos Liam Kirk ''aetatem auream'' appellavit, ubi labor linguisticus efficax et iucunditas communis inter esperantistas culta feliciter coibant. In Ballina esperantista iuvenis Liam Ó Cuirc circulum condidit et scientiam de Esperanticis divulgavit. Nemo dubitaverit quin circulus iste totius Europae maxime occidentalis fuisset. Liam secretarius et praeses Associationis Esperanticae Hibernicae creatus est. [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] ligamenta cum Europa rupit labore nationali pergente. Anno 1953 multi tirones cursibus in associationis domu habitis interfuerunt. Anno 1969 congressum communem celebraverunt esperantistae Hiberniae et [[Britannia Maior|Britanniae Maioris]], quem hospites nationum XIII gaudio magno frequentaverunt. ==Nomen novum aetati novae== Anno 1970 nova reorganizatio facta est; nomen quoque mutaverunt - itaque ''Irlanda Esperanto-Asocio'' fiebat ''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando''. Arcarius et posterior praesidens fuit Christophorus Fettes, [[Marcus Fettes|Marci Fettes]] avunculus. Progressus usque annum 2000 sat felix fuit numero membrorum vix crescente. Anno 1989, post Universalem congressum [[Brightonia|Bristelmestunae]] celebratum ad conventum alterum Dublinum vocaverunt, quam petitionem haud pauci exaudiverunt. Peregrinorum multitudo in Hibernia aucta est [[oeconomia]] florente. Quorum nonnulli ideam transnationalem Esperanticam diligunt, ut motio Hibernorum esperantistarum magis magisque internationalis fiat. Velut ubique etiam in Hibernia [[interrete]] partes gravissimas in rebus Esperanticis agit agetque. ==Nexus externi== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180409012104/http://www.esperanto.ie/ Situs proprius multlinguis] [[categoria:Lingua Esperantica]] [[categoria:Hibernia]] [[categoria:Societates linguisticae]] [[categoria:Constituta 1907]] d4kvc9j91z1qds4yl1jz33gokra7tzy 3974223 3974171 2026-07-24T16:19:30Z IacobusAmor 1163 3974223 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Map of ireland.jpg|thumb|''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando'' Hiberniam totam comprehendit et repraesentat, et septentrionem et meridiem]] '''Associatio Esperantica Hiberniae''' (Esperantice ''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando/EAI''; [[Hibernice]] ''Cumann Esperanto na hÉireann''; [[Anglice]] ''Esperanto Association of Ireland'') est [[Hibernia]]e officialis{{dubsig}} [[lingua Esperantica|esperantistarum]] sodalitas, coniugens Hiberniam utramque. Cooperationes artae ex anno 1970 fiunt cum [[Universalis Societas Esperantica|Universali Societate Esperantica/UEA]]. ==Historia== Grex esperantistarum primus [[Dublinum|Dublini]] inde ab anno 1905 convenit, cui nomen ''Grupo Esperantista Dublino''. Anno 1907 fundata est associatio Esperantica, praeside E. E. Fournier d’Albe. In praesidio sedebat etiam Iosephus M. Plunkett, qui cum sex collegis anno 1916 proclamationem de Hibernica Republica erigenda subscripserat. [[primum bellum mundanum|Primo bello mundano]] vita Esperantica viva quasi in sopore fuit. Postea Manfredus Douglas Dublinensium scriba operam revivificationis assumpsit. Anno 1925 facta est restructio. Annis inter 1925 et 1930 emolumentum sodalicium felix progressum est. Cursus, conventiculos, praelectiones instituerunt. [[Periodicum]] quoque habebant, cui titulus "Irlanda Esperantisto", quo tempore sectio Esperantica instaurata est apud Societatem linguarum recentium. Ibi praeconia multa pro Esperanticis facere fas erat. Anno 1927 officialis{{dubsig}} Lorcán Ó hUiginn membrum associationis factum est, mox et eius praeses honorarius et legatus Hiberniae in conventibus internationalibus. Commentarios duos edi iussit, "La Kolombo" et "Irlando Vokas"; eodem tempore [[Unio Internationalis Esperantistarum Catholicorum|catholici esperantistae]] multum agebant. Neutrales esperantistae et catholici (congregati apud ''Irlanda Ligo de Katolikaj Esperantistoj/ILKE'') amicaliter et iugiter pro re bona operam dabant. Annos inter 1934 et 1935 illos Liam Kirk ''aetatem auream'' appellavit, ubi labor linguisticus efficax et iucunditas communis inter esperantistas culta feliciter coibant. In Ballina esperantista iuvenis Liam Ó Cuirc circulum condidit et scientiam de Esperanticis divulgavit. Nemo dubitaverit quin circulus iste totius Europae maxime occidentalis fuisset. Liam secretarius et praeses Associationis Esperanticae Hibernicae creatus est. [[Secundum bellum mundanum]] ligamenta cum Europa rupit labore nationali pergente. Anno 1953 multi tirones cursibus in associationis domu habitis interfuerunt. Anno 1969 congressum communem celebraverunt esperantistae Hiberniae et [[Britannia Maior|Britanniae Maioris]], quem hospites nationum XIII gaudio magno frequentaverunt. ==Nomen novum aetati novae== Anno 1970 nova reorganizatio facta est; nomen quoque mutaverunt - itaque ''Irlanda Esperanto-Asocio'' fiebat ''Esperanto-Asocio de Irlando''. Arcarius et posterior praesidens fuit Christophorus Fettes, [[Marcus Fettes|Marci Fettes]] avunculus. Progressus usque annum 2000 sat felix fuit numero membrorum vix crescente. Anno 1989, post Universalem congressum [[Brightonia|Bristelmestunae]] celebratum ad conventum alterum Dublinum vocaverunt, quam petitionem haud pauci exaudiverunt. Peregrinorum multitudo in Hibernia aucta est [[oeconomia]] florente. Quorum nonnulli ideam transnationalem Esperanticam diligunt, ut motio Hibernorum esperantistarum magis magisque internationalis fiat. Velut ubique etiam in Hibernia [[interrete]] partes gravissimas in rebus Esperanticis agit agetque. ==Nexus externi== *[https://web.archive.org/web/20180409012104/http://www.esperanto.ie/ Situs proprius multlinguis] [[Categoria:Lingua Esperantica]] [[categoria:Hibernia]] [[categoria:Societates linguisticae]] [[categoria:Constituta 1907]] dn0d81lvv1g25f7y0yzbeebnbcqo8eb 0 274393 3974425 3943929 2026-07-25T05:02:45Z ~2026-41218-68 212564 3974425 wikitext text/x-wiki {{charta locatrix |Bulgariae physicalis |label=''Durankulak'' |lat_deg =43 |lat_min =40 |lon_deg =28 | lon_min =32 |position=left |background = |mark = Brown pog.svg |width=300 |float=right |caption= Situs in Bulgaria }} '''Locus archaeologicus Durankulak''' (Bulgarice Археологически резерват „Дуранкулак“) in agris oppidi hodierni [[Durankulak|eiusdem nominis]] iacet ad [[litus]] [[aestuarium|aestuarii]] Durankulak, quod in [[pontus Euxinus|pontum Euxinum]] defluit. Ruinae oppidi [[Neolithicum|neolithici]], [[necropolis]] [[Chalcolithicum|chalcolithica]], [[templum]]que [[dea]]e [[Cybele|Cybelae]] aevi [[Hellenisticum|Hellenistici]] ibi visitantur. Effossionibus archaeologicis multos annos praefuit [[Henrietta Todorova]]<ref>Bisserka Gaydarska, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082156/http://antiquity.ac.uk/tributes/todorova.html Henrieta Todorova, 25 February 1933–12 April 2015: Appreciation]" in ''Antiquity''.</ref>, [[Ioannes Vaisov]]. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Sofia - Skeleton from the Durankulak Necropolis.jpg|thumb|Sepultura millennii V a.C.n. e necropoli Durankulak. [[Museum Nationale Historicum (Serdica)|Museum Nationale Historicum]] [[Serdica]]e]] [[Fasciculus:Durankulak lake E31.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Ruinae oppidi neolithici iuxta litus aestuarii Durankulak effossae]] * Elisaveta Bozhilova, Spasimir Tonkov, "Palaeoecological studies in Lake Durankulak" in ''Ann. Univ. Sofia Fac. Biol.'' 2:76 (1985) pp. 25–30 * Elisaveta Bozhilova, Spasimir Tonkov, "Towards the vegetation and settlement history of the southern Dobrudza coastal region, north-eastern Bulgaria: a pollen diagram from Lake Durankulak" in ''Vegetation History and Archaeobotany'' vol. 7 (1998) pp. 141–148 * Noah V. Honch et al., "[http://iansa.eu/papers/IANSA-2013-02-honch_onlinefirst.pdf West Pontic Diets: A Scientific Framework for Understanding the Durankulak and Varna I Cemeteries, Bulgaria]" in ''Interdisciplinaria archaeologica'' vol. 4 (2013) * Noah V. Honch et al., "A palaeodietary investigation of carbon (14C/14C) and nitrogen (14C/14C) in human and animal bones from the Copper Age necropoleis of Varna and Durankulak, Bulgaria" in ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' vol. 33 (2006) pp. 1493–1504 * Igor Manzura, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170510153058/http://www.iianthropology.org/files/IgorDurankulak.pdf The Proto-Bronze Age Cemetery at Durankulak: a look from the east]" in Lolita Nikolova, John Fritz, Jude Higgins, edd., ''Prehistoric Archaeology & Anthropological Theory and Education. RPRP 6-7'' (2005) pp. 51-55 * E. Marinova, "The new pollen core Lake Durankulak-3: a contribution to the vegetation history and human impact in Northeastern Bulgaria" in S. Tonkov, ed., ''Aspects of Palynology and Palaeoecology: Festschrift in honor of Elissaveta Bozilova'' (Serdicae: Pensoft, 2003) pp. 279–288 * E. Marinova, J. Atanassova, "Anthropogenic impact on vegetation and environment during the Bronze Age in the area of Lake Durankulak, NE Bulgaria: Pollen, microscopic charcoal, non-pollen palynomorphs and plant macrofossils" in ''Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology'' vol. 3 (2006) pp. 165–178 * Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20180920194319/http://mgu.bg/geoarchmin/naterials/59Ognjanova-Rumenova.pdf Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology: the use of diatom analysis in archaeology]" in R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova, edd., ''Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy: Proceedings of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008'' (Serdicae: Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”, 2008) pp. 291-294 * Henrieta Todorova, "Ausgrabungen in Durankulak, Bezirk Tolbuchin (Bulgarien), in der Periode 1975 – 1981" in ''Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte'' vol. 52 (1983) pp. 77-89 * Henrieta Todorova, ed., ''Durankulak, vol. 1''. Serdicae: Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1989 * Henrieta Todorova, ed., ''Durankulak, Band II: Die prähistorischen Gräberfelder von Durankulak''. 2 fascc. Serdicae et Berolini, 2002 * Henrieta Todorova, T. Dimov, "Ausgrabungen in Durankulak 1974–1987" in ''Varia Archaeologica Hungarica'' vol. 2 (1989) pp. 291–306 * Spasimir Tonkov, Elena Marinova, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Elissaveta Bozhilova, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160820172739/http://elenamarinova.net/publications/Tonkov_etal_inpress_2013.pdf Holocene palaeoecology and human-environmental interactions at the coastal Black Sea Lake Durankulak, northeastern Bulgaria]" in ''Quaternary International'' (2013) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Durankulak archaeological complex|locum archaeologicum Durankulak}} {{Coord|43|40|9|N|28|31|56|E|display=title}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180909134302/http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/durankulak-lake-paleolithic-neolithic-settlement-durankulak-bulgaria/ Pagina] apud ''Archaeology in Bulgaria'' [[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Bulgariae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati neolithici]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati aetatis aëneae]] [[Categoria:Sepulturae]] kj7bzta19rl2nbvvcyfd6br1tsz68ct 3974447 3974425 2026-07-25T11:33:46Z IacobusAmor 1163 ~ 3974447 wikitext text/x-wiki {{charta locatrix |Bulgariae physicalis |label=''Durankulak'' |lat_deg =43 |lat_min =40 |lon_deg =28 | lon_min =32 |position=left |background = |mark = Brown pog.svg |width=300 |float=right |caption= Situs in Bulgaria }} '''Locus archaeologicus Durankulak''' ([[Bulgarice]] Археологически резерват „Дуранкулак“) in agris oppidi hodierni [[Durankulak|eiusdem nominis]] iacet ad [[litus]] [[aestuarium|aestuarii]] Durankulak, quod in [[pontus Euxinus|pontum Euxinum]] defluit. Ruinae oppidi [[Neolithicum|neolithici]], [[necropolis]] [[Chalcolithicum|chalcolithica]], [[templum]]que [[dea]]e [[Cybele|Cybelae]] aevi [[Hellenisticum|Hellenistici]] ibi visitantur. Effossionibus [[archaeologia|archaeologicis]] multos annos praefuit [[Henrietta Todorova]]<ref>Bisserka Gaydarska, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20150905082156/http://antiquity.ac.uk/tributes/todorova.html Henrieta Todorova, 25 February 1933–12 April 2015: Appreciation]" in ''Antiquity''.</ref> et [[Ioannes Vaisov]]. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == [[Fasciculus:Sofia - Skeleton from the Durankulak Necropolis.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Sepultura|Ossa sepulta]] millennii V a.C.n. in necropoli Duranculaciana. [[Museum Nationale Historicum (Serdica)|Museum Nationale Historicum]] [[Serdica]]e.]] [[Fasciculus:Durankulak lake E31.jpg|thumb|upright=1|Ruinae oppidi neolithici iuxta litus aestuarii Durankulak effossae.]] * Elisaveta Bozhilova, Spasimir Tonkov, "Palaeoecological studies in Lake Durankulak." ''Ann. Univ. Sofia Fac. Biol.'' 2: 76 (1985): 25–30. * Elisaveta Bozhilova, Spasimir Tonkov, "Towards the vegetation and settlement history of the southern Dobrudza coastal region, north-eastern Bulgaria: a pollen diagram from Lake Durankulak." ''Vegetation History and Archaeobotany'' 7 (1998): 141–148. * Noah V. Honch et al., "[http://iansa.eu/papers/IANSA-2013-02-honch_onlinefirst.pdf West Pontic Diets: A Scientific Framework for Understanding the Durankulak and Varna I Cemeteries, Bulgaria]" in ''Interdisciplinaria archaeologica'' vol. 4 (2013) * Noah V. Honch et al., "A palaeodietary investigation of carbon (14C/14C) and nitrogen (14C/14C) in human and animal bones from the Copper Age necropoleis of Varna and Durankulak, Bulgaria" in ''Journal of Archaeological Science'' vol. 33 (2006) pp. 1493–1504 * Igor Manzura, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20170510153058/http://www.iianthropology.org/files/IgorDurankulak.pdf The Proto-Bronze Age Cemetery at Durankulak: a look from the east]" in Lolita Nikolova, John Fritz, Jude Higgins, edd., ''Prehistoric Archaeology & Anthropological Theory and Education. RPRP 6-7'' (2005) pp. 51-55 * E. Marinova, "The new pollen core Lake Durankulak-3: a contribution to the vegetation history and human impact in Northeastern Bulgaria" in S. Tonkov, ed., ''Aspects of Palynology and Palaeoecology: Festschrift in honor of Elissaveta Bozilova'' (Serdicae: Pensoft, 2003) pp. 279–288 * E. Marinova, J. Atanassova, "Anthropogenic impact on vegetation and environment during the Bronze Age in the area of Lake Durankulak, NE Bulgaria: Pollen, microscopic charcoal, non-pollen palynomorphs and plant macrofossils" in ''Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology'' vol. 3 (2006) pp. 165–178 * Nadja Ognjanova-Rumenova, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20180920194319/http://mgu.bg/geoarchmin/naterials/59Ognjanova-Rumenova.pdf Palaeoenvironment and Archaeology: the use of diatom analysis in archaeology]" in R. I. Kostov, B. Gaydarska, M. Gurova, edd., ''Geoarchaeology and Archaeomineralogy: Proceedings of the International Conference, 29-30 October 2008'' (Serdicae: Publishing House “St. Ivan Rilski”, 2008) pp. 291-294 * Henrieta Todorova, "Ausgrabungen in Durankulak, Bezirk Tolbuchin (Bulgarien), in der Periode 1975 – 1981" in ''Nachrichten aus Niedersachsens Urgeschichte'' vol. 52 (1983) pp. 77-89 * Henrieta Todorova, ed., ''Durankulak, vol. 1''. Serdicae: Bulgarian Academy of Science, 1989 * Henrieta Todorova, ed., ''Durankulak, Band II: Die prähistorischen Gräberfelder von Durankulak''. 2 fascc. Serdicae et Berolini, 2002 * Henrieta Todorova, T. Dimov, "Ausgrabungen in Durankulak 1974–1987" in ''Varia Archaeologica Hungarica'' vol. 2 (1989) pp. 291–306 * Spasimir Tonkov, Elena Marinova, Mariana Filipova-Marinova, Elissaveta Bozhilova, "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160820172739/http://elenamarinova.net/publications/Tonkov_etal_inpress_2013.pdf Holocene palaeoecology and human-environmental interactions at the coastal Black Sea Lake Durankulak, northeastern Bulgaria]" in ''Quaternary International'' (2013) == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Durankulak archaeological complex|locum archaeologicum Durankulak}} {{Coord|43|40|9|N|28|31|56|E|display=title}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20180909134302/http://archaeologyinbulgaria.com/durankulak-lake-paleolithic-neolithic-settlement-durankulak-bulgaria/ Pagina] apud ''Archaeology in Bulgaria'' [[Categoria:Loci archaeologici Bulgariae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati aetatis aëneae]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati neolithici]] [[Categoria:Sepulturae]] 2irhjk411ao4w1de0kugnsn0obn5dog 0 274990 3974230 3961557 2026-07-24T16:45:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974230 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] jhjupuj42ho6zxxoirpt7b2au74b2lr 3974231 3974230 2026-07-24T16:55:11Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974231 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] ohbbx9nlmdt1ci7xxnzh8vwt3c0en4c 3974232 3974231 2026-07-24T17:09:39Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974232 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] oiplb8l0xyqjpvdmhz211198a1d4ag3 3974233 3974232 2026-07-24T17:12:10Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 3974233 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] 04nnz133paecksuqvs7x5joe1zy45o4 3974234 3974233 2026-07-24T17:15:56Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974234 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trens in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] ko789jezjjo786phinulzawu19fydxh 3974236 3974234 2026-07-24T17:16:13Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974236 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] glh1bijdqbqvtwlh6rsml16j6b31ugu 3974237 3974236 2026-07-24T17:18:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974237 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 *Bruno Lemes Marques et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763420304826 Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior]", ''Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews'', 2020: 97-110 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] kadezvqbruqy36n50wavqxdiqf2wsux 3974238 3974237 2026-07-24T17:21:19Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Nexus externi */ 3974238 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 *Bruno Lemes Marques et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763420304826 Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior]", ''Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews'', 2020: 97-110 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant *[https://www.insb.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/role-de-la-glycine-excitatrice-dans-le-controle-de-ladaptation-emotionnelle-lenvironnement Rôle de la glycine excitatrice dans le contrôle de l'adaptation émotionnelle à l'environnement], CNRS Biologie, 2019 [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] 1f8vwzazrxqsns7remefbgrf6b05o66 3974239 3974238 2026-07-24T17:24:42Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974239 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 *Bruno Lemes Marques et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763420304826 Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior]", ''Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews'', 2020: 97-110 *Rocío Salceda, "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.947563/full Glycine neurotransmission: Its role in development]", ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2022 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant *[https://www.insb.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/role-de-la-glycine-excitatrice-dans-le-controle-de-ladaptation-emotionnelle-lenvironnement Rôle de la glycine excitatrice dans le contrôle de l'adaptation émotionnelle à l'environnement], CNRS Biologie, 2019 [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] mlo5qyx3t1fcrhfsej028k8x4yy84kd 3974240 3974239 2026-07-24T17:27:58Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974240 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 *Bruno Lemes Marques et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763420304826 Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior]", ''Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews'', 2020: 97-110 *Luca Raiteri, "[https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/7/1518 Interactions Involving Glycine and Other Amino Acid Neurotransmitters: Focus on Transporter-Mediated Regulation of Release and Glycine–Glutamate Crosstalk]", ''Biomedicines'', 2024: 1518 *Rocío Salceda, "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.947563/full Glycine neurotransmission: Its role in development]", ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2022 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant *[https://www.insb.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/role-de-la-glycine-excitatrice-dans-le-controle-de-ladaptation-emotionnelle-lenvironnement Rôle de la glycine excitatrice dans le contrôle de l'adaptation émotionnelle à l'environnement], CNRS Biologie, 2019 [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] cgi97z4pjbv4lxr14rsrfivxav8zxxm 3974242 3974240 2026-07-24T18:43:25Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Notae */ 3974242 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Glycin - Glycine.svg|thumb|<small>L</small>-glycinum unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis proteinorum in organismis.]] '''<small>L</small>-glycinum''' sive '''<small>L</small>-glycina''' (abbreviatura [[IUPAC]]:'''Gly''' vel '''G''') est α-[[aminoacidum]] [[Formula chemica|formulae chemicae]] NH₂-CH₂-COOH et simul unum aminoacidorum viginti formationis [[proteinum|proteinorum]] in [[organismus|organismis]]<ref>PubChem [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/L-glycine de glycino].</ref>. In organismo vivo glycinum munere [[Neurotransmissor|neurotransmissoris]] quoque fungitur. == De neurotransmissore == In [[Systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] glycinum est secundus neurotransmissor inhibens post [[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]] (nota GABA). Imprimis in [[Medulla spinalis|medulla dorsali]] frequens invenitur. Ex [[serinum (aminoacidum)|serino]] synthetizatur et in [[Vesicula synaptica|vesiculas synapticas]] per eosdem [[Transportator neurotransmissoris|transportatores]] VIAAT atque GABA cumulatur. [[Receptorium neurotransmissoris|Receptoria glycini]] in [[Membrana cellulae|membrana]] [[Synapsis chemica|postsynaptica]] insita [[Canalis ionticus|canalem]] [[anion|aniontibus]] Cl- permeabilem moderantur quae [[Ligandus (biochemia)|ligando]] glycino aperiuntur. Tum [[chlorum]] in cellulam intrat [[Tensio electrica|tensionem]] transmembraneam augens (ita creatio potentiae actionis difficilior fit). Postquam in rimam synapticam emissum est glycinum per transportatores ad hoc a proximis cellulis celeriter reciperatur ne signa inter neurones remanendo polluat. Receptorium ionotropum glycini eius [[antagonista]] [[Strychnina|strychnina]] obstruitur. {{NexInt}} * [[Neurotransmissor]] == Notae == [[Fasciculus:Glycine receptor StructureAgonistsAntagonists.jpg|thumb|[[Agonista (biochemia)|Agonistae]] et [[Antagonista|antagonistae]] glycini (a). Structura [[Polymerum|pentamerica]] receptorii glycini (b).]] <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Volker Eulenburg et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0968000405000940 Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission]", Trends in biochemical sciences, 2002: 325-333 *Bruno Lemes Marques et alii. "[https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763420304826 Neurobiology of glycine transporters: From molecules to behavior]", ''Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews'', 2020: 97-110 *Luca Raiteri, "[https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/7/1518 Interactions Involving Glycine and Other Amino Acid Neurotransmitters: Focus on Transporter-Mediated Regulation of Release and Glycine–Glutamate Crosstalk]", ''Biomedicines'', 2024: 1518 *Rocío Salceda, "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.947563/full Glycine neurotransmission: Its role in development]", ''Frontiers in Neuroscience'', 2022 == Nexus externi == * [[Vicimedia Communia|Vicimedia communia]] plura habent quae ad [https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Glycine glycinum] spectant *[https://www.insb.cnrs.fr/fr/cnrsinfo/role-de-la-glycine-excitatrice-dans-le-controle-de-ladaptation-emotionnelle-lenvironnement Rôle de la glycine excitatrice dans le contrôle de l'adaptation émotionnelle à l'environnement], CNRS Biologie, 2019 [[Categoria:Acida aminica]] [[Categoria:Neurotransmissores]] mzu2dj91opxqkyf2yyyqa9qxhipg36k 0 276355 3974364 3957366 2026-07-25T00:20:38Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974364 wikitext text/x-wiki {{cautio}} {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Rasagilinum''' |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.2314553.html 2314553] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3052776 3052776] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://web.archive.org/web/20181027220603/https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB01367 DB01367] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Rasagiline2DCSD.svg|200px|Rasagilinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Rasagiline3DanJ.gif|200px| Rasagilinum]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica]] || style="font-size: 85%" |{{chem|C|12|H|13|N}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 171.238 g/mol |- ! colspan="2" | Natura pharmacologica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Codex ATC || style="font-size: 85%" | {{ATC|N04BD|02}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Semivita biologica]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 3 h |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Metabolismus]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [[iecur|iecore]] (hepaticus):<br />[[CYP1A2]] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Excretio || style="font-size: 85%" | [[ren]]ibus, [[Faeces|faecibus]] |- ! colspan="2" | Ad usum therapeuticum |- | style="font-size: 85%" | Applicatio || style="font-size: 85%" | per os |- | style="font-size: 85%" | MedlinePlus || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a606017.html a606017] {{Ling|Anglice}} |} '''Rasagilinum''' est [[medicamentum pharmaceuticum]] et inhibitor [[monoaminorum oxidasis B]] irreversibilis<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Oldfield V., Keating G. M., Perry C. M. |title=Rasagiline: a review of its use in the management of Parkinson's disease |journal=Drugs |year=2007 |volume=67 |issue=12 |pages=1725-47 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17683172}}</ref>. Substantia in [[morbus Parkinson|morbo Parkinson]] tractando et maturo<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hattori N., Takeda A., Takeda S., Nishimura A., Kitagawa T., Mochizuki H., Nagai M., Takahashi R. |title=Rasagiline monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease: A phase 3, randomized study in Japan |journal=Parkinsonism Relat Disord |year=2018 |volume= |issue= |pages=doi: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.08.024 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30205936}}</ref> et in cursibus progressivis. == Natura Rasagilini == === Natura chemica === Nomen suum est (R)-N-prop-2-inyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-aminum. [[Massa molaris]] sua 171.238 g/mol. === Natura pharmacologica === Rasagilinum est [[monoaminorum oxidasis B|MAO-B]] inhibitor irreversibilis et medicamentum therapia morbi Parkinson et maturi et progressivi. [[Systema classificationis Anatomicum Therapeuticum Chemicumque|Codex ATC]] est {{ATC|N04BD|02}}. Inhibitio monoaminorum oxidasis B potentissima est, etenim quinquies, decies quam [[Selegilinum|Selegilino]]. == Effectus Rasagilini == === Interactiones === Consumptio simul Rasagilini et cuiusvis inhibitoris reabsorptionis serotonini (per exemplum: [[sertralinum]]) periculo [[syndroma serotonini|syndromae serotonini]] causa saepe non commendatur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Hébant B., Guillaume M., Desbordes M., Gaillon G., Maltête D., Lefaucheur R. |title=Combination of paroxetine and rasagiline induces serotonin syndrome in a parkinsonian patient |journal=Rev Neurol (Paris) |year=2016 |volume=172 |issue=12 |pages=788-9 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27838092}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |authors=Duval F., Flabeau O., Razafimahefa J., Spampinato U., Tison F. |title=Encephalophaty associated with rasagiline and sertraline in Parkinson's disease: possible serotonin syndrome |journal=Mov Disord |year=2013 |volume=28 |issue=10 |pages=1464 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23495033}}</ref>, quamquam investigatio Canadiensis syndroma serotoni raro esse dixit, donec doses inhibitoris reabsorptionis serotonini parve deligantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Aboukarr A., Giudice M. |title=Interaction between Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors |journal=Can J Hosp Pharm |year=2018 |volume=71 |issue=3 |pages=196-207 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29955193}}</ref>. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Morbus Parkinson]] == Nexus externi == * Fabrizio Stocchi: [https://www.parkinson.it)/interviste/il-sogno-di-una-terapia-che-rallenti-la-progressione-della-malattia-di-parkinson-sta-diventando-realta.html Eritne somnus therapiae ad morbum tardandum verum?]{{Nexus deficit|date=April 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (oratio), {{Ling|Italice}} [[Categoria:Monoaminorum oxidasis inhibitores]] [[Categoria:Medicamenta antiparkinsoniana]] t3081uubsmpjzu8g57s0e0svptgtxai 0 276886 3974224 3974013 2026-07-24T16:28:51Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974224 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Cell GABA Receptor.png|thumb|'''Receptorii GABA''' subtypus A est receptorium ionotropicum.]] '''Receptoria GABA''' sunt grex [[receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoriorum neurotransmissoris]], quae in [[vertebrata|vertebratorum]] [[systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] ab [[neurotransmissor]]e inhibente [[GABA]] stimulantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Watanabe M., Maemura K., Kanbara K., Tamayama T., Hayasaki H. |title=GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs |journal=International Revue of Cytology |year=2002 |volume=213 |issue= |pages=1-47 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837891}}</ref>. Adhuc tres classes inventae sunt: [[receptorium GABAA|Receptoria GABA_A]] ac [[receptorium GABAA-rho|receptoria GABA_A-ρ]] ''ionotropicae'' enim et [[Receptorium GABAB|receptoria GABA_B]] ''proteino G copulata''. Nimirum velocitates eorundem divertunt: Cum ionotropica celeriora essent, ita proteino G copulatum GABA_B tardius est. Per receptoria GABA in vertebratorum systemate nervoso centrali operationes inhibentes principales<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Tobin A. J. |title=Molecular biology of GABAA receptors |journal=FASEB journal |year=1990 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1469-80 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2155149/}}</ref> excellunt. Praeterea receptoriis GABA in [[iecur|iecoris]] [[hepatocytus|hepatocytis]] quoque et [[cholangiocytus|cholangiocytis]] [[ductus biliaris|ductūs biliaris]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Wang S., Zhang L., Liu C., Lu W. Y. |title=Protective roles of hepatic GABA signaling in liver injury |journal=International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology |year=2017 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=153-6 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209452}}</ref> functiones enim, velut in [[pancreas|pancreate]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dong H., Kumar M., Zhang Y., Gyulkhandanyan A., Xiang Y. Y., Ye B., Perrella J., Hyder A., Zhang N., Wheeler M., Lu W. Y., Wang Q. |title=Gamma-aminobutyric acid up- and downregulates insulin secretion from beta cells in concert with changes in glucose concentration |journal=Diabetologia |year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=697-705 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447058}}</ref>, sunt. [[Fasciculus:GABA.png|thumb|[[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]], "GABA" abbreviatum]] == Receptoria GABA_A == Quodque receptorium GABA_A est [[canalis ionticus]] imprimis [[Chlorum|chlori]] ({{chem|Cl|-}}), proinde ''ionotropicum'' receptorium.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Sieghart W. |title=International Union of Pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update |journal=Pharmacol Rev |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=243-60 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847512/}}.</ref> Subunitates receptorii variae, quo quinque partes (heteropentamero) sunt, descriptae sunt. Alkaloidum [[bicucullinum]] antagonista selectivus competitivusque haec receptoria inhibit. == Agonistae == {{main|Agonista (biochemia)}} * [[Diazepamum]] (non selectivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Atack J. R. |title=The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics |journal=Expert Opin Investig Drugs |year=2005 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=601-18 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15926867}}</ref> * [[Muscimolum]] agonista selectivus receptorii GABA_A est. == Antagonistae == * [[Bicucullinum]] (GABA_A, selectivus et competitivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Curtis D. R., Duggan A. W., Felix D., Johnston G. A. |title=Bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA and synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord of the cat |journal=Brain research |year=1971 |month=Sep |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=69-96 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4398801/}}{{doi|10.1016/0006-8993(71)90156-9}}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Paul S. Miller & A. Radu Aricescu, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13293 Crystal structure of a human GABA_A receptor]", ''Nature'', 2014(512): 270–275 *Roshan Puthenkalam et alii. "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00044/full Structural Studies of GABAA Receptor Binding Sites: Which Experimental Structure Tells us What?]", ''Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience'', 2016: 9-44 Roshan Puthenkalam 1 {{NexInt}} * [[Anxietas]] * [[Benzodiazepinum]] [[Categoria:Receptoria neurotransmissoria]] [[Categoria:Receptoria ionotropica]] [[Categoria:Receptoria proteino G copulata]] 5emwkagljnpasyhmf8qfr0xrbc0co7k 3974225 3974224 2026-07-24T16:29:02Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974225 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Cell GABA Receptor.png|thumb|'''Receptorii GABA''' subtypus A est receptorium ionotropicum.]] '''Receptoria GABA''' sunt grex [[receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoriorum neurotransmissoris]], quae in [[vertebrata|vertebratorum]] [[systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] ab [[neurotransmissor]]e inhibente [[GABA]] stimulantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Watanabe M., Maemura K., Kanbara K., Tamayama T., Hayasaki H. |title=GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs |journal=International Revue of Cytology |year=2002 |volume=213 |issue= |pages=1-47 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837891}}</ref>. Adhuc tres classes inventae sunt: [[receptorium GABAA|Receptoria GABA_A]] ac [[receptorium GABAA-rho|receptoria GABA_A-ρ]] ''ionotropicae'' enim et [[Receptorium GABAB|receptoria GABA_B]] ''proteino G copulata''. Nimirum velocitates eorundem divertunt: Cum ionotropica celeriora essent, ita proteino G copulatum GABA_B tardius est. Per receptoria GABA in vertebratorum systemate nervoso centrali operationes inhibentes principales<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Tobin A. J. |title=Molecular biology of GABAA receptors |journal=FASEB journal |year=1990 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1469-80 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2155149/}}</ref> excellunt. Praeterea receptoriis GABA in [[iecur|iecoris]] [[hepatocytus|hepatocytis]] quoque et [[cholangiocytus|cholangiocytis]] [[ductus biliaris|ductūs biliaris]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Wang S., Zhang L., Liu C., Lu W. Y. |title=Protective roles of hepatic GABA signaling in liver injury |journal=International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology |year=2017 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=153-6 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209452}}</ref> functiones enim, velut in [[pancreas|pancreate]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dong H., Kumar M., Zhang Y., Gyulkhandanyan A., Xiang Y. Y., Ye B., Perrella J., Hyder A., Zhang N., Wheeler M., Lu W. Y., Wang Q. |title=Gamma-aminobutyric acid up- and downregulates insulin secretion from beta cells in concert with changes in glucose concentration |journal=Diabetologia |year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=697-705 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447058}}</ref>, sunt. [[Fasciculus:GABA.png|thumb|[[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]], "GABA" abbreviatum]] == Receptoria GABA_A == Quodque receptorium GABA_A est [[canalis ionticus]] imprimis [[Chlorum|chlori]] ({{chem|Cl|-}}), proinde ''ionotropicum'' receptorium.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Sieghart W. |title=International Union of Pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update |journal=Pharmacol Rev |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=243-60 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847512/}}.</ref> Subunitates receptorii variae, quo quinque partes (heteropentamero) sunt, descriptae sunt. Alkaloidum [[bicucullinum]] antagonista selectivus competitivusque haec receptoria inhibit. == Agonistae == {{main|Agonista (biochemia)}} * [[Diazepamum]] (non selectivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Atack J. R. |title=The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics |journal=Expert Opin Investig Drugs |year=2005 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=601-18 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15926867}}</ref> * [[Muscimolum]] agonista selectivus receptorii GABA_A est. == Antagonistae == * [[Bicucullinum]] (GABA_A, selectivus et competitivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Curtis D. R., Duggan A. W., Felix D., Johnston G. A. |title=Bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA and synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord of the cat |journal=Brain research |year=1971 |month=Sep |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=69-96 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4398801/}}{{doi|10.1016/0006-8993(71)90156-9}}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Paul S. Miller & A. Radu Aricescu, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13293 Crystal structure of a human GABA_A receptor]", ''Nature'', 2014(512): 270–275 *Roshan Puthenkalam et alii. "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00044/full Structural Studies of GABAA Receptor Binding Sites: Which Experimental Structure Tells us What?]", ''Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience'', 2016: 9-44 {{NexInt}} * [[Anxietas]] * [[Benzodiazepinum]] [[Categoria:Receptoria neurotransmissoria]] [[Categoria:Receptoria ionotropica]] [[Categoria:Receptoria proteino G copulata]] dqryxdnlnzx0cjnd708yky9h13fjmz2 3974226 3974225 2026-07-24T16:29:45Z Marcus Terentius Bibliophilus 2059 /* Plura legere si cupis */ 3974226 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Cell GABA Receptor.png|thumb|'''Receptorii GABA''' subtypus A est receptorium ionotropicum.]] '''Receptoria GABA''' sunt grex [[receptorium neurotransmissoris|receptoriorum neurotransmissoris]], quae in [[vertebrata|vertebratorum]] [[systema nervosum centrale|systemate nervoso centrali]] ab [[neurotransmissor]]e inhibente [[GABA]] stimulantur<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Watanabe M., Maemura K., Kanbara K., Tamayama T., Hayasaki H. |title=GABA and GABA receptors in the central nervous system and other organs |journal=International Revue of Cytology |year=2002 |volume=213 |issue= |pages=1-47 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11837891}}</ref>. Adhuc tres classes inventae sunt: [[receptorium GABAA|Receptoria GABA_A]] ac [[receptorium GABAA-rho|receptoria GABA_A-ρ]] ''ionotropicae'' enim et [[Receptorium GABAB|receptoria GABA_B]] ''proteino G copulata''. Nimirum velocitates eorundem divertunt: Cum ionotropica celeriora essent, ita proteino G copulatum GABA_B tardius est. Per receptoria GABA in vertebratorum systemate nervoso centrali operationes inhibentes principales<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Tobin A. J. |title=Molecular biology of GABAA receptors |journal=FASEB journal |year=1990 |volume=4 |issue=5 |pages=1469-80 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2155149/}}</ref> excellunt. Praeterea receptoriis GABA in [[iecur|iecoris]] [[hepatocytus|hepatocytis]] quoque et [[cholangiocytus|cholangiocytis]] [[ductus biliaris|ductūs biliaris]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Wang S., Zhang L., Liu C., Lu W. Y. |title=Protective roles of hepatic GABA signaling in liver injury |journal=International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology |year=2017 |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=153-6 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29209452}}</ref> functiones enim, velut in [[pancreas|pancreate]]<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Dong H., Kumar M., Zhang Y., Gyulkhandanyan A., Xiang Y. Y., Ye B., Perrella J., Hyder A., Zhang N., Wheeler M., Lu W. Y., Wang Q. |title=Gamma-aminobutyric acid up- and downregulates insulin secretion from beta cells in concert with changes in glucose concentration |journal=Diabetologia |year=2006 |volume=49 |issue=4 |pages=697-705 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16447058}}</ref>, sunt. [[Fasciculus:GABA.png|thumb|[[Acidum γ-aminobutyricum]], "GABA" abbreviatum]] == Receptoria GABA_A == Quodque receptorium GABA_A est [[canalis ionticus]] imprimis [[Chlorum|chlori]] ({{chem|Cl|-}}), proinde ''ionotropicum'' receptorium.<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Olsen R. W., Sieghart W. |title=International Union of Pharmacology. LXX. Subtypes of gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: classification on the basis of subunit composition, pharmacology, and function. Update |journal=Pharmacol Rev |year=2008 |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=243-60 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2847512/}}.</ref> Subunitates receptorii variae, quo quinque partes (heteropentamero) sunt, descriptae sunt. Alkaloidum [[bicucullinum]] antagonista selectivus competitivusque haec receptoria inhibit. == Agonistae == {{main|Agonista (biochemia)}} * [[Diazepamum]] (non selectivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Atack J. R. |title=The benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A) receptors as a target for the development of novel anxiolytics |journal=Expert Opin Investig Drugs |year=2005 |volume=14 |issue=5 |pages=601-18 |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15926867}}</ref> * [[Muscimolum]] agonista selectivus receptorii GABA_A est. == Antagonistae == * [[Bicucullinum]] (GABA_A, selectivus et competitivus)<ref>{{cite journal |authors=Curtis D. R., Duggan A. W., Felix D., Johnston G. A. |title=Bicuculline, an antagonist of GABA and synaptic inhibition in the spinal cord of the cat |journal=Brain research |year=1971 |month=Sep |volume=32 |issue=1 |pages=69-96 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4398801/}}{{doi|10.1016/0006-8993(71)90156-9}}</ref> == Notae == <references /> == Plura legere si cupis == *Paul S. Miller & A. Radu Aricescu, "[https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13293 Crystal structure of a human GABA_A receptor]", ''Nature'', 2014(512): 270–275 *Roshan Puthenkalam et alii. "[https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/molecular-neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnmol.2016.00044/full Structural Studies of GABA_A Receptor Binding Sites: Which Experimental Structure Tells us What?]", ''Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience'', 2016: 9-44 {{NexInt}} * [[Anxietas]] * [[Benzodiazepinum]] [[Categoria:Receptoria neurotransmissoria]] [[Categoria:Receptoria ionotropica]] [[Categoria:Receptoria proteino G copulata]] gxqjsizj2h3r3jxcuuxic7a6bga2iim 0 278720 3974430 3754290 2026-07-25T07:08:30Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974430 wikitext text/x-wiki {{L}} [[Imago:Maps of Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve.svg|thumb|Reservatum Sichote-Alinense in tabula colore viridi depictum]] '''Reservatum Sichote-Alinense'''<ref>Medvedeva, L.A. (1984). De Sirodotia suecica Kylin in reservato Sichote-Alinensi inventa notula. ''Novitates Systematicae Plantarum non Vascularium'' 24, 58–61.[https://web.archive.org/web/20220307164733/https://www.binran.ru/files/journals/NSNR/1987_24/NSNR_1987_24_content.pdf])</ref> ([[Russice]] Сихотэ-Алинский заповедник, [[translitteratio|tr.]] ''Sichotè-Alinskij zapovednik'') vel plenius '''Reservatum publicum naturae biosphaerae Sichote-Alinense Abramovianum''' ([[Russice]] Сихотэ-Алинский государственный природный биосферный заповедник имени К. Г. Абрамова, [[translitteratio|tr.]] ''Sichotè-Alinskij gosudarstvennyj prirodnyj biosfernyz zapovednik imeni K.G. Abramova'') est reservatum naturale in [[Oriens Extremus Russiae|Oriente Extremo Russiae]], in partibus orientali ac media iugi [[Sichote-Alin]]ensis situm, ad [[territorium Maritimum]] [[Foederatio Russica|Foederationis Russica]]e pertinens. Die [[10 Februarii]] [[1935]] conditum, anno [[2001]] a [[UNESCO]] in indicem obiectorum [[Patrimonium totius mundi|patrimonii totius mundi]] inclusum est, et ab anno [[2006]] in honorem unius e conditoribus et praefecti sui primi Constantini Abramov vocatur. Area reservati nunc est 401 600 [[hectarium|ha]] (4016 km²). ==Nota== <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Sikhote-Alin Nature Reserve}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20181231152633/http://xn--80apbllt6f.xn--p1ai/ Situs officialis interretialis reservati Sichote-Alinensis] {{ling|Russice}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026154934/https://bigenc.ru/biology/text/3667036 Pagina de reservato Sichote-Alinensi ''Encyclopaediae Russicae Magnae''] {{ling|Russice}} [[Categoria:Loci hereditatis mundialis in Russia]] [[Categoria:Oriens Extremus Russiae]] [[Categoria:Territorium Maritimum]] [[Categoria:Condita 1935]] [[Categoria:Reservata Russiae|Sichote-Alinense]] 6igpxyy6vlth1zv8njx3nj5kaswy4ef 0 282233 3974241 3695604 2026-07-24T18:37:53Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 0 sources and tagging 1 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974241 wikitext text/x-wiki {| class="wikitable floatright" |+ '''Purinum''' |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Purin num2.svg|200px|Purinum]] |- | style="text-align: center" colspan="2" | [[Fasciculus:Purine-3D-balls.png|200px|Purinum]] |- ! colspan="2" | Cognitores |- | style="font-size: 85%" | ''[[ChemSpider]]'' || style="font-size: 85%" | [http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.1015.html 1015] |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[DrugBank]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB02377 DB02377]{{Nexus deficit|date=July 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[PubChem]] || style="font-size: 85%" | [https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1044 1044] |- ! colspan="2" | Natura chemica |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Formula chemica|Formula summarum]] || style="font-size: 85%" | {{chem|C|5|H|4|N|4}} |- | style="font-size: 85%" | [[Massa molaris]] || style="font-size: 85%" | 120.115 g/mol |- |} '''Purinum''' est in [[chemia]] [[heterocyclus (chemia)|compositum heterocyclicum]] et aromaticum ex [[atomus|atomis]] [[nitrogenium|nitrogenii]] quattuor compositum. Structura heterocyclica fusione compositis eisdem heterocyclicis anulorum [[pyrimidinum|pyrimidini]] et [[imidazolum|imidazoli]]. Simul est pars [[basis nucleici acidi|nucleobasium]] [[adeninium|adeninii]] et [[guaninium|guaninii]]. Purinum est substantia parentalis gregis compositorum purinorum. == Natura guanini == Nomen [[IUPAC]] est 9H-purinum. <gallery> Fasciculus:Pyrimidine 2D aromatic full.svg|[[Pyrimidinum]] Fasciculus:Imidazole 2D full aromatic.svg|[[Imidazolum]] Fasciculus:Desoxyguanosin.svg|Deoxyguanosinum, intra [[ADN]] Fasciculus:Desoxyadenosin.svg|Deoxyadenosinum. Fasciculus:Koffein - Caffeine.svg|[[Caffeinum]] Fasciculus:Theophyllin - Theophylline.svg|[[Theophyllinum]] </gallery> {{NexInt}} * [[ADN]] == Nexus externi == * [https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/120-73-0 1H-Purinum]" apud ''ToxNet'' [[Categoria:Composita cyclica]] [[Categoria:Purina|!]] ejcemtzwmvr9xxnftdxsb1ymnpo8uqp 0 287038 3974439 3516271 2026-07-25T09:46:44Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974439 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidata}} '''Robertus Accornero''' (natus die [[9 Martii]] [[1957]] [[Eporedia]]e [[Italia]]e) est [[actor]] [[theatrum|theatralis]] et [[Actor|histrio]] [[Televisio|televisivus]] Italicus.<ref>[http://artistsunitedforanimals.org/roberto-accornero.html Roberto Accornero - Artists United for Animals]</ref>;<ref>[https://www.fctp.it/actor_item.php?id=3916 Roberto Accornero]</ref>;<ref>[https://www.comingsoon.it/personaggi/roberto-accornero/3220/biografia/ Roberto Accornero Attore]</ref>;<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20200320000349/https://www.ge-agency.com/management/roberto-accornero/ Roberto Accornero]</ref> == Radiophonia == * [[2001]] ''Sam Torpedo'' - [[Rai Radio 3]] * [[2008]] ''La fabbrica di polli'' - [[Rai Radio 3]] == Notae == <references /> == Nexus externus == {{bio-stipula}} {{Lifetime|1957||Accornero, Robertus}} [[Categoria:Actores Italiae]] [[Categoria:Cinematographia]] exfgrayzab5wfo7v4ltp0x3f7z60m3o 0 288715 3974311 3967216 2026-07-24T21:12:47Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974311 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Persica | significatio = “homo optimae reputationis” | imago = Plate of Khosrow I Anushirvan.jpg | capitulum = [[Chosroës I]], rex Sassanidarum }} {{res|Chosroës}} est nomen atque praenomen masculinum originis Persicae ([[Persice]] خسرو, ''Ḫosrau''; [[Avestane]] ''Husravah'', ''Husrava''), ut videtur e vocabulis Avestanis ''hu'' ('bene', 'optime') atque ''sravah'' ('[[fama]]') ductum.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/khosrau/submitted Khosrau]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Anglice]]'': Khosrau * ''[[Armenice]]'': Խոսրով (''Xosrov'') * ''[[Catalanice]]'': Cosroes * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Khosrô * ''[[Italiane]]'': Cosroe * ''[[Polonice]]'': Chosrow * ''[[Russice]]'': Хосров (''Chosrov'') * ''[[Turcice]]'': Hüsrev == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Amir Chosroës Dehlavī]] === Reges Armeniae === * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Chosroës I (rex Armeniae)|Chosroës I|hy|qid=Q2689762}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Chosroës II (rex Armeniae)|Chosroës II|hy|qid=Q2206497}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Chosroës III (rex Armeniae)|Chosroës III|hy|qid=Q2015048}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Chosroës IV (rex Armeniae)|Chosroës IV|hy|qid=Q2388558}} === Reges Sassanidarum === * [[Chosroës I]] * [[Chosroës II]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Chosroës Dusi||it|qid=Q3695226}}, pictor == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] hx7r5v7anf2fsz309xwbd5mu8cf5rmu 0 288745 3974305 3969535 2026-07-24T21:06:10Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974305 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “sapiens gloriosus” | imago = Nationaltheater B3 Sophokles-Tondo.jpg | capitulum = [[Sophocles]], poëta tragicus Graecus antiquus }} {{res|Sophocles}} ({{pns|clis|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum Graecum, quod e vocabulis σοφός 'sapiens' et κλέος 'gloria' originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/sophocles Sophocles]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref name=":02">Vide paginam ''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Sophocles Sophocles]'' apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> == In linguis frequentibus formae == * [[Francogallice]]: Sophocle * [[Graece]]: Σοφοκλῆς (''Sophoklês'') * [[Hispanice]]: Sófocles * [[Hungarice]]: Szophoklész * [[Italiane]]: Sofocle * [[Polonice]]: Sofokles == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Sophocles]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == *[[Sophocles Benizelus]] *{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sophocles Schortsianites||el|qid=Q352741}} == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[2921 Sophocles]], asteroides [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] enlp1kvi2qdk87n4lh3ii0a4mgg9d4j 0 289053 3974289 3970333 2026-07-24T20:47:18Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974289 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = ignota | imago = Rijksmuseum van Oudheden 016.jpg | capitulum = Protome poëtae tragici Graeci antiqui [[Euripides | Euripidis]] }} {{res|Euripides}} ({{pns|pidis|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum originis Graecae ([[Graece]] Ευριπίδης), fortasse [[patronymicum]] e nomine [[Fretum|freti]] [[Euripus|Euripi]] (inter Boeotiam Euboeamque) ductum, quia suffixum ''-ides'' (ἴδης) est patronymicum Graecum.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. "[https://www.behindthename.com/name/euripides Euripides]". {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Euripides]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == *{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Euripides Bacirtzes||el|qid=Q707200}} *{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Euripides L. Eurybiades||en|qid=Q63991422}} *[[Euripides Stylianides]] == Papiliones == * ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hypercompe euripides||en|qid=Q13310687}}'' == Notae == <references /> == Nexus interni == * [[2930 Euripides]], asteroides [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 4d5477q7nyc3t6wf9cydncf2knigtfx 0 289118 3974298 3969871 2026-07-24T20:55:51Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974298 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “gloria circumdatus” | imago = Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 125.png | capitulum = [[Pericles]], vir politicus Graecus antiquus }} {{res|Pericles}} ({{pns|clis|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum Graecum antiquum ([[Graece]] Περικλῆς): e vocabulis περί ('circa') atque κλέος ('gloria') originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/pericles Pericles]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref name=":02">Vide paginam ''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Pericles Pericles]'' apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Dacoromanice]]'': Pericle * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Périclès * ''[[Hungarice]]'': Periklész * ''[[Italiane]]'': Pericle * ''[[Lusitane]]'': Péricles * ''[[Polonice]]'': Perykles * ''[[Slovenice]]'': Periklej * ''[[Theodisce]]'': Perikles == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Pericles]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Iunior||el|qid=Q1372571}}, filius Periclis et Aspasiae == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Cacuses||el|qid=Q1335985}} * [[Pericles Ducati]], archaeologus * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Giannopulus||el|qid=Q3375388}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Pierracos Mauromichales||el|qid=Q456079}} == In operibus artificiosis == ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' ('Pericles, princeps Tyri') est comoedia dramaturgi Anglici [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Gulielmi Shakesperii]], ante 1608 scripta. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] iks2h3r2gdu5prxxpg711m13pt3n64a 3974299 3974298 2026-07-24T20:56:49Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina discretiva nominis|Pagina discretiva nominis]]}} 3974299 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “gloria circumdatus” | imago = Illustrerad Verldshistoria band I Ill 125.png | capitulum = [[Pericles]], vir politicus Graecus antiquus }} {{res|Pericles}} ({{pns|clis|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum Graecum antiquum ([[Graece]] Περικλῆς): e vocabulis περί ('circa') atque κλέος ('gloria') originem ducit.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/pericles Pericles]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref name=":02">Vide paginam ''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Pericles Pericles]'' apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Dacoromanice]]'': Pericle * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Périclès * ''[[Hungarice]]'': Periklész * ''[[Italiane]]'': Pericle * ''[[Lusitane]]'': Péricles * ''[[Polonice]]'': Perykles * ''[[Slovenice]]'': Periklej * ''[[Theodisce]]'': Perikles == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Pericles]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Iunior||el|qid=Q1372571}}, filius Periclis et Aspasiae == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Cacuses||el|qid=Q1335985}} * [[Pericles Ducati]], archaeologus * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Giannopulus||el|qid=Q3375388}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Pericles Pierracos Mauromichales||el|qid=Q456079}} == In operibus artificiosis == ''[[Pericles, Prince of Tyre]]'' ('Pericles, princeps Tyri') est comoedia dramaturgi Anglici [[Gulielmus Shakesperius|Gulielmi Shakesperii]], ante 1608 scripta. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] qvtsj2jkgzp7xq7pj7u52e0kcw210iw 0 290458 3974307 3969492 2026-07-24T21:08:03Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974307 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “vita” | imago = Zoé Talon, comtesse du Cayla.jpg | capitulum = [[Zoë Talon]], nobilis mulier Francogallica atque amasia regis Ludovici XVIII | dies = 2 Maii }} {{res|Zoë}} est nomen atque [[praenomen]] femininum originis Graecae ([[Graece]] Ζωή), quod “vitam” significat.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/zoe Zoe]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Anglice]]'': Zoe, Zoë, Zoey * ''[[Batavice]]'': Zoë * ''[[Dacoromanice]]'': Zoia * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Zoé * ''[[Hispanice]]'': Zoe * ''[[Lusitanice]]'': Zoé * ''[[Polonice]]'': Zoja * ''[[Russice]]'': Зоя (''Zoja'') == Quae hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Zoë]] == Quae hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Zoë Carbonopsina||el|qid=Q218215}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Zoë Demetracu||el|qid=Q3561322}}, bascaudaria * [[Zoë Deschanel]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Zoë Kosmodem'janskaja||ru|qid=Q229062}} * [[Zoe Lofgren]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Zoë Talon||fr|qid=Q227101}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[1793 Zoya]], asteroides [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Anglica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Batava]] fw25ndwyfg9axgn6jzxji07xq1qnsnd 0 290796 3974296 3970058 2026-07-24T20:53:34Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974296 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “qui abducit” | imago = Kunsthistorisches Museum,Apelles.jpg | capitulum = Sculptura pictoris Graeci antiqui [[Apelles | Apellis]], Vindobonae sita | dies = 22 Aprilis }} {{res|Apelles}} ({{pns|is|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum originis Graecae ([[Graece]] Ἀπελλῆς), ut videtur forma [[Dorica (lingua Graeca)|Dorica]] nominis ''[[Apollo (nomen)|Apollinis]]'',<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/apelles Apelles]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> seu e vocabulo ἀπειλή ('minax') ductum. == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Catalanice]]'': Apel·les * ''[[Croatice]]'': Apel * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Apelle * ''[[Hispanice]]'': Apeles * ''[[Hungarice]]'': Apéllesz * ''[[Italiane]]'': Apelle * ''[[Lusitanice]]'': Apeles * ''[[Russice]]'': Апеллес (''Apelles'') == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Apelles]], praeclarus pictor * [[Sanctus Apelles]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Apelles Mestres i Oñós||ca|qid=Q2858166}}, scriptor == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] ezy1rb1zarc7bc08o28x3pkqpjg0w5k 3974300 3974296 2026-07-24T20:57:05Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina discretiva nominis|Pagina discretiva nominis]]}} 3974300 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “qui abducit” | imago = Kunsthistorisches Museum,Apelles.jpg | capitulum = Sculptura pictoris Graeci antiqui [[Apelles | Apellis]], Vindobonae sita | dies = 22 Aprilis }} {{res|Apelles}} ({{pns|is|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum originis Graecae ([[Graece]] Ἀπελλῆς), ut videtur forma [[Dorica (lingua Graeca)|Dorica]] nominis ''[[Apollo (nomen)|Apollinis]]'',<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/apelles Apelles]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> seu e vocabulo ἀπειλή ('minax') ductum. == In linguis frequentibus formae == * ''[[Catalanice]]'': Apel·les * ''[[Croatice]]'': Apel * ''[[Francogallice]]'': Apelle * ''[[Hispanice]]'': Apeles * ''[[Hungarice]]'': Apéllesz * ''[[Italiane]]'': Apelle * ''[[Lusitanice]]'': Apeles * ''[[Russice]]'': Апеллес (''Apelles'') == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Apelles]], praeclarus pictor * [[Sanctus Apelles]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Apelles Mestres i Oñós||ca|qid=Q2858166}}, scriptor == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] b3h8ummg4heuplquv3d7zpnj2tsizco 0 294611 3974328 3827534 2026-07-24T22:23:59Z InternetArchiveBot 139091 Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 3974328 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Latinitas|-2}} {{caveneconfundas|Cosmica radiatio micrometrica primordialis}} [[Fasciculus:VERITAS array.jpg|thumb|[[VERITAS]], copia [[telescopium|telescopiorum]] aeriorum Cherenkovianorum.]] [[Fasciculus:Cosmic ray flux versus particle energy.svg|thumb|[[Fluxus]] cosmicus contra [[energia]]m [[particula]]rum in summa [[tellus|telluris]] [[atmosphaera]].]] [[Fasciculus:Hard-component-muon-868x1024.png|thumb|upright=1.5|''Laeva:'' muon ex radiis cosmicis per cameram nubilam transiens per parvum [[angulus|angulum]] in media lamina [[metallum|metallica]] dispergitur et cameram relinquit. ''Dextra:'' muon ex radiis cosmicis multam energiam post laminam transiendam amittit.<!--as indicated by the increased curvature of the track in magnetic field.-->]] [[Fasciculus:ESO-VLT-Laser-phot-33a-07.jpg|thumb|[[Via lactea]] radiationem cosmicam continenter in terram transmittit.]] '''Radiatio cosmica''' est [[radiatio]] ex [[particula|particulis]] altissimae energiae vel fasciculis talium particularum, [[proton]]is, [[electron]]is, [[atomus|atomisque]] [[ion]]tis oneratis composita, quae per [[spatium]] paene [[celeritas lucis|celeritate lucis]] moventur. A nostro [[sol]]e et [[via lactea]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Sharma|first=Shatendra|title=Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=[[2008]]|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=978-81-317-1924-4|page=478.}}</ref> atque a [[galaxias|galaxiis]] remotis<ref>{{cite news|title=Detecting cosmic rays from a galaxy far, far away|date=21 Septembris 2017|website=Science Daily|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/09/170921141257.htm|access-date=26 Decembris 2017.}}</ref> emanat. In [[atmosphaera telluris]] in radiationem cosmicam ''secundariam'' [[electromagnetismus|electomagneticam]] convertitur. Nonnumquam ''deiectus atmosphericus extensus'' [[superficies|superficiem]] [[tellus|terrae]] tangit. Haec radiato a [[Victor F. Hess|Victore Hess]] anno [[1912]] inventa est. Radiatione expositio hominum volatibus repetitis trans viam polarem ineuntibus pericula est.{{dubsig}} {{NexInt}} * [[Patricius M.S. Blackett]] * [[Polus arcticus]] * [[Polus australis]] == Notae == <references/> == Bibliographia == * Anderson, C. D., et S. H. Neddermeyer. [[1936]]. "Cloud Chamber Observations of Cosmic Rays at 4300 Meters Elevation and Near Sea-Level." ''Physics Review'' 50 (4): 263–71. Bibcode:1936PhRv...50..263A. {{doi|10.1103/physrev.50.263}}. * Boezio, M., et al. [[2000]]. "Measurement of the flux of atmospheric muons with the CAPRICE94 apparatus." ''Physics Review'' D. 62 (3): 032007. arXiv:hep-ex/0004014. Bibcode:2000PhRvD..62c2007B. {{doi|10.1103/physrevd.62.032007}}. * Carlson, Per, et Alessandro De Angelis. [[2011]]. "Nationalism and internationalism in science: the case of the discovery of cosmic rays." ''European Physical Journal'' H. 35 (4): 309–29. arXiv:1012.5068. Bibcode:2010EPJH...35..309C. {{doi|10.1140/epjh/e2011-10033-6}}. S2CID 7635998. * Clay, R., et B. Dawson. [[1997]]. ''Cosmic Bullets.'' Londinii: Allen & Unwin. ISBN 1-86448-204-4. * De Angelis, Alessandro, et Mario Pimenta. [[2018]]. ''Introduction to particle and astroparticle physics (multimessenger astronomy and its particle physics foundations).'' Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-78181-5. ISBN 978-3-319-78181-5. * Gaisser, T. K. [[1990]]. ''Cosmic Rays and Particle Physics.'' Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-32667-2. * Grieder, P. K. F. [[2001]]. ''Cosmic Rays at Earth: Researcher's Reference Manual and Data Book.'' Elsevier. ISBN 0-444-50710-8. * Hillas, A. M. [[1972]]. ''Cosmic Rays.'' Oxoniae: Pergamon Press. ISBN 0-08-016724-1. * Harrison, R. G., et D. B. Stephenson. [[2006]]. "Detection of a galactic cosmic ray influence on clouds." ''Geophysical Research Abstracts'' 8: 07661. SRef-ID: 1607-7962/gra/EGU06-A-07661. * Kremer, J.; et al. [[1999]]. "Measurement of Ground-Level Muons at Two Geomagnetic Locations." ''Physics Revire.'' Lett. 83 (21): 4241–44. Bibcode:1999PhRvL..83.4241K. {{doi|10.1103/physrevlett.83.4241}}. * Neddermeyer, S. H., et C. D. Anderson. [[1937]]. "Note on the Nature of Cosmic-Ray Particles." ''Physics Review'' 51 (10): 884–6. Bibcode:1937PhRv...51..884N. {{doi|10.1103/physrev.51.884}}. * Ngobeni, M. D. [[2006]]. "Aspects of the modulation of cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere. Thesis MSc, Northwest University (Potchefstroom campus), Africa Australis. * Ngobeni, M. D., et M. S. Potgieter. [[2007]]. "Cosmic ray anisotropies in the outer heliosphere." ''Advances in Space Research.'' * Perkins, D. [[2003]]. ''Particle Astrophysics.'' Oxoniae: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-850951-0. * Rolfs, C. E., et S. R. William. [[1988]]. ''Cauldrons in the Cosmos.'' Sicagi: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-72456-5. * Rossi, B. B. [[1964]]. ''Cosmic Rays.'' Novi Eboraci: McGraw-Hill. * Walt, Martin. [[1994]]. ''Introduction to Geomagnetically Trapped Radiation.'' ISBN 0-521-43143-3. * Taylor, M., et M. Molla. [[2010]]. "Towards a unified source-propagation model of cosmic rays." Publications of the. Astronomical Society Pac.'' 424: 98. Bibcode:2010ASPC..424...98T. * Ziegler, J. F. [[1981]]. "The Background in Detectors Caused by Sea Level Cosmic Rays." ''Nuclear Instruments and Methods'' 191 (1): 419–24. Bibcode:1981NIMPR.191..419Z. {{doi|10.1016/0029-554x(81)91039-9}}. == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Cosmic rays|radiationem cosmicam}} {{wikiquote}} * Amsler, C., et al. [[2008]]. [http://pdg.lbl.gov/2008/reviews/cosmicrayrpp.pdf "Particle Data Group review of Cosmic Rays" (PDF).] ''Physics Letters'' B667, 1. * Aspera Europaea. [https://web.archive.org/web/20141116032423/http://www.aspera-eu.org/ Porta interretialis.] * Aspera Europaea. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725021529/http://astroparticle.aspera-eu.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=111&Itemid=107 Animatio de radiis cosmicis apud astroparticle.org.] * BBC News. [[2003]]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/2868041.stm "Cosmic rays find uranium."] * BBC News. [[2004]]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3710735.stm "Physicists probe ancient pyramid."] * BBC News. [[2005]]. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4282657.stm "Rays to nab nuclear smugglers."] * Bernlöhr, Konrad. [http://www.mpi-hd.mpg.de/hfm/CosmicRay/Showers.html "Introduction to Cosmic Ray Showers."] * Frey, Lothar. [[2012]]. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xcMbmj-lBEg "Cosmic rays and electronic devices."] Pellicula YouTube, SpaceUp Stuttgart. * Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics. [http://www.hap-astroparticle.org/ Situs proprius.] * NASA. [http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/features/bios/christian/anomalous.html "Anomalous cosmic ray hydrogen spectra from Voyager 1 and 2."] * NASA (Cosmicopia). [https://web.archive.org/web/19990302090247/http://helios.gsfc.nasa.gov/acr.html "Anomalous Cosmic Rays."] * NASA. [[2005]]. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090202181706/http://science.nasa.gov/headlines/y2005/07oct_afraid.htm?list84849 "Who's Afraid of a Solar Flare? Solar activity can be surprisingly good for astronauts,"] 7 Octobris 2005 apud Science@NASA. * Padilla, Antonio. "Where do Cosmic Rays come from?" [https://web.archive.org/web/20170720154150/http://www.sixtysymbols.com/videos/cosmic_rays.htm ''Sixty Symbols,''] commentarius a Brady Haran pro [[Universitas Nottinghamensis|Universitate Nottinghamensi]] editus. * Parker, Eugene. [http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=shielding-space-travelers "Shielding Space Travelers."] ''[[Scientific American]].'' *[https://web.archive.org/web/20090905052323/http://www.int.washington.edu/PHYS554/winter_2004/chapter8_04.pdf Review of Cosmic Rays] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905052323/http://www.int.washington.edu/PHYS554/winter_2004/chapter8_04.pdf |date=5 September 2009 }} *[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xJtSWdT598k "Muon detector in use at Smithsonian Air and Space Museum."] Pellicula YouTube. * [https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160746/http://sol.spacenvironment.net/~ARMAS/index.html "ARMAS, Real-time cosmic-ray radiation measurements at aviation altitudes."] {{Myrias|Physica}} [[Categoria:Astronomia]] 10pg7i9afz2ocpc189bzmjhtwgl5bb3 0 302000 3974317 3967018 2026-07-24T21:18:42Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974317 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Hebraica | significatio = “vide filium” | imago = Ruben Dario retrato BNC 1892.jpg | capitulum = [[Ruben Darío]], diurnarius Nicaraguensis }} {{res|Ruben}} ([[Hebraice]] רְאוּבֵן ''Rəʾūven''; [[Graece]] Ῥουβήν) est [[nomen proprium|nomen]] atque [[praenomen]] [[mas]]culinum Hebraicum. Ex [[vocabulum|vocabulis]] Hebraicis ''reu'', 'vide' ([[imperativus]] verbi ''raʾa'', רָאָה), et ''ben'' (בֵּן, '[[filius]]') ducitur.<ref name=":0">Vide paginam [https://www.etymonline.com/word/Reuben Reuben] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref><ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/reuben Reuben]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ruben (persona Biblica)|Ruben|d|qid=Q625661}}, persona [[Biblia Sacra|Biblica]] === Reges Armeniae === * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ruben I (rex Armeniae)|Ruben I|hy|qid=Q2299851}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ruben II (rex Armeniae)|Ruben II|hy|qid=Q614187}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ruben Iii (rex Armeniae)|Ruben Iii|hy|qid=Q992945}} == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Ruben Bonifaz Nuño]] * [[Ruben Chapman]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ruben Darío||es|qid=Q173767}} * [[Ruben Fenton]] * [[Ruben Fonseca]] * [[Ruben Hinojosa]] * [[Ruben Rivlin]] * [[Ruben Salazar Gómez]] * [[Ruben Serrano Calvo]] == Notae == <references /> ==Nexus externi== {{CommuniaCat|Ruben (given name)}} [[Categoria:Praenomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Batava]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Danica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Francogallica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Norvegica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Suecica]] 0sorz6l4ubnzxd2rwj74u4rjv6smaok 10 307873 3974342 3826262 2026-07-24T22:52:02Z Grufo 64423 /* Ulteriora si cupis */ 3974342 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} Utere hac formula ut ex tribus numeris diem scribas. Si diem per singulum argumentum interpretandum scribere vis (secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVici <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#time:...|...}}</syntaxhighlight> intellegit – de illa [[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|Anglice legere potes]]), vide formulam {{fsn|Dies planus}}. Si scriptionem humana temporis cum scriptione machinaria eiusdem temporis nectere vis (per codicem HTML <code>&lt;time datetime="''inscriptio machinaria''"&gt;''inscriptio humana''&lt;/time&gt;</code>), vide formulas {{fn|Dies}} et {{fn|Tempus}}. == De usu == ; Syntaxis : <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus 3|numerus diei|numerus mensis|numerus anni}}</syntaxhighlight> Utere formula sine argumentis si diem hodiernum ostendere vis. === Exempla === * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus 3|22|4|1983}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus 3|22|4|1983}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus 3|17|11}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus 3|17|11}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus 3|17}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus 3|17}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus 3}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{dies}} {{Summarium formulae | exitus = stringa | invocationes = substitutio, transclusio }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia]] * [[:Categoria:Formulae typographicae]] * {{fn|Dies planus}} * {{Fn|Tempus forma plana}} * {{fn|Dies}} * {{fn|Tempus}} * {{Fn|Circa anno}} * {{Fn|Nota temporis}} * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|#time]]:...&#125;&#125; et &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23timel|#timel]]:...&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Magic words#CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN|CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN]]&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae typographicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae temporales|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> cbr2lijr9ot17ae4b05wksq2vf3bfhd 10 308593 3974341 3826263 2026-07-24T22:51:41Z Grufo 64423 /* Ulteriora si cupis */ 3974341 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis}} Utere hac formula ut quendam diem per singulum argumentum interpretandum scribas (secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVici <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#time:...|...}}</syntaxhighlight> intellegit – de illa [[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|Anglice legere potes]]). Si diem ex tribus numeris scribere vis, vide formulam {{fsn|Dies planus 3}}. Si scriptionem humana temporis cum scriptione machinaria eiusdem temporis nectere vis (per codicem HTML <code>&lt;time datetime="''inscriptio machinaria''"&gt;''inscriptio humana''&lt;/time&gt;</code>), vide formulas {{fn|Dies}} et {{fn|Tempus}}. == De usu == Haec formula unum argumentum tantum acceptat, secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVici <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#time:...|...}}</syntaxhighlight> intellegit (de illa [[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|Anglice legere potes]]). Per iussum <code><nowiki>{{</nowiki>#time:d F Y|''syntaxis probanda''<nowiki>|la}}</nowiki></code> experimentandum formas aptas invenire potes. * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|now}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|now}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|+2 hours}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|+2 hours}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|2019-05-16T17:05:43+02:00}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|2019-05-16T17:05:43+02:00}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|@1692481640}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|@1692481640}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1970-01-01 00:16:39}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1970-01-01 00:16:39}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|@999}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|@999}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1970-01-01 00:16:40}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1970-01-01 00:16:40}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|@1000}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|@1000}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1000}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1000}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1970-01-01 02:46:39}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1970-01-01 02:46:39}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|@9999}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|@9999}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|9999}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|9999}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1970-01-01 02:46:40}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1970-01-01 02:46:40}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|@10000}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|@10000}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|10000-4-15}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|10000-4-15}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1 Jan 6}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1 Jan 6}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1 Jan 06}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1 Jan 06}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1 Jan 006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1 Jan 006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1 Jan 0006}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1 Jan 0006}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|January 1}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|January 1}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|June}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|June}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|2003}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|2003}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|June 2003}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|June 2003}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|1959}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|1959}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|195909}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|195909}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|January 0 2008}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|January 0 2008}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|February 29 2008}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|February 29 2008}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|February 29 2007}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|February 29 2007}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Dies planus|now -1 months}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Dies planus|now -1 months}} {{Summarium formulae | exitus = stringa | invocationes = substitutio, transclusio }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{fn|Dies planus 3}} * {{Fn|Tempus forma plana}} * {{fn|Dies}} * {{fn|Tempus}} * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|#time]]:...&#125;&#125; et &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23timel|#timel]]:...&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Magic words#CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN|CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN]]&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae typographicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae temporales|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> njfyu8hp8cmblpf1ro815qjgm20jjnd 10 309012 3974340 3951888 2026-07-24T22:50:51Z Grufo 64423 /* Ulteriora si cupis */ 3974340 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula in locum notae HTML substituta|time}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} Utere hac formula ut quandam scriptionem humana temporis cum scriptione machinaria eiusdem temporis nectas (per codicem HTML <code>&lt;time datetime="''inscriptio machinaria''"&gt;''inscriptio humana''&lt;/time&gt;</code>). Si plus cognoscere vis, vide: {{cite web | url = https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/text-level-semantics.html#the-time-element | title = The '''time''' element | author = Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group | website = HTML Standard | access-date = [[9 Septembris]] [[2023]] }}. == De usu == Argumenta {{para|1}} et {{para|forma}} syntaxin accipiunt quam iussus MediaVici <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{#time:...|...}}</syntaxhighlight> intellegit (de illa [[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|Anglice legere potes]]). Si omittuntur, haec duo argumenta legentur {{para|1|now}} et {{para|forma|<nowiki>[[j xg]] [[Y]] H:i:s</nowiki>}}. Si argumentum {{para|2}} datur, argumentum {{para|forma}} ignorabitur. * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{tempus}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:tempus}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|<<nowiki>time datetime="</nowiki>{{#time:Y-m-d\TH:i:sP|now}}">{{#time:[[j xg]] [[Y]] H:i:s|now}}</time>}} *:: ↳ {{tempus}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{tempus|2023-01-15 13:23:04}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:tempus|2023-01-15 13:23:04}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|<<nowiki>time datetime="</nowiki>{{#time:Y-m-d\TH:i:sP|2023-01-15 13:23:04}}">{{#time:[[j xg]] [[Y]] H:i:s|2023-01-15 13:23:04}}</time>}} *:: ↳ {{tempus|2023-01-15 13:23:04}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{tempus|2015-04-09 17:48:31|forma=[[j xg]] [[Y]]}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:tempus|2015-04-09 17:48:31|forma=[[j xg]] [[Y]]}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|<<nowiki>time datetime="</nowiki>{{#time:Y-m-d\TH:i:sP|2015-04-09 17:48:31}}">{{#time:[[j xg]] [[Y]]|2015-04-09 17:48:31}}</time>}} *:: ↳ {{tempus|2015-04-09 17:48:31|forma=[[j xg]] [[Y]]}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{tempus|1998-11-21 09:22:49|2=Cum haec pagina scriberetur}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:tempus|1998-11-21 09:22:49|Cum haec pagina scriberetur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{vvt|<<nowiki>time datetime="</nowiki>{{#time:Y-m-d\TH:i:sP|1998-11-21 09:22:49}}">Cum haec pagina scriberetur</time>}} *:: ↳ {{tempus|1998-11-21 09:22:49|Cum haec pagina scriberetur}} Argumenta {{para|style}} et {{para|class}} addi possunt ad CSS peculiare definiendum. == De formula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula quandam scriptionem humana temporis cum scriptione machinaria eiusdem temporis nectit.", "params": { "1": { "label": "Tempus", "description": "Tempus ostendendum (secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVici {{#time:...|...}} intellegit)", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "2023-01-15 13:23:04" }, "2": { "label": "Verba ostendenda", "description": "Verba substituta in locum temporis ostenti", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Cum haec pagina scriberetur" }, "forma": { "label": "Forma", "description": "Forma ostenta (secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVici {{#time:...|...}} intellegit – si argumentum ‘|2=’ datur hoc argumentum ignorabitur)", "type": "string", "required": false, "default": "[[j xg]] [[Y]] H:i:s", "example": "[[j xg]] [[Y]]" }, "nota": { "label": "Nota", "description": "Attributio HTML ‘title’", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "Roma condita est" }, "ancora": { "label": "Ancora", "description": "Attributio HTML ‘id’", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "lorem-ipsum" }, "class": { "label": "HTML class", "description": "Attributio HTML “class”", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "tempus-vicipaedianum" }, "style": { "label": "CSS", "description": "Attributio HTML “style”", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "color: grey; background-color: yellow;" } } }</templatedata> {{Summarium formulae | exitus = vicitextus | invocationes = substitutio, transclusio }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Vicipaedia:De orthographia]] * [[Auxilium:HTML in vicitextu]] * [[:Categoria:Formulae typographicae]] * {{Fn|Tempus forma plana}} * {{Fn|Dies}} * {{Fn|Dies planus}} * {{Fn|Dies planus 3}} * {{Fn|Circa anno}} * {{Fn|Nota temporis}} * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|#time]]:...&#125;&#125; et &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23timel|#timel]]:...&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Magic words#CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN|CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN]]&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * {{Fn|Indicium ostentum}} * {{Fn|Indicium tacitum}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae scholiasticae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae typographicae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae data machinaria in vicitextu praebentes|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae temporales|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> iwhd364wompk6m299zb40uvt9cwybh2 10 309321 3974338 3943262 2026-07-24T22:49:03Z Grufo 64423 3974338 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Compendia formulae|autotransl|autotranslata}} Utere hac formula cum quaedam pagina videatur a translatione machinaria oriri. Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Translationes machinariae]] numerabuntur, atque iussum MediaVicialem <code>{{nim|__NOINDEX__}}</code> invocabunt, ne machinis quaesitoriis proscribantur. Postremo, ab octavo die post tempus Vicipaedianum quod argumentum {{para|tempus|<nowiki>{{subst:t}}</nowiki>}} statuit, aut ab octavo die post ultimam recensionem si argumentum {{para|tempus|<nowiki>{{subst:t}}</nowiki>}} omittitur, in [[:Categoria:Correctiones neglectae]] quoque numerabuntur. Si haud cuncta pagina sed caput vel pauci versus tantum videntur esse autotranslati, utere formula {{Fn|Pars autotranslata}}. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pagina autotranslata}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pagina autotranslata|tempus={{subst:t}}}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagina autotranslata|propositum=exhibitio}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pagina autotranslata|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pagina autotranslata|tempus={{subst:t}}|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagina autotranslata|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]|propositum=exhibitio}} == De formula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula paginam machinā translatam indicat.", "params": { "fons": { "label": "Fons", "description": "Fons verisimilis quem machina interpretata est", "type": "content", "example": "[[:en:AlexNet]]", "required": false }, "tempus": { "label": "Tempus", "description": "Scribe “{{subst:t}}” aut omitte argumentum", "type": "number", "autovalue": "{{subst:t}}", "required": false } } }</templatedata> == Synonyma == * {{Fn|Autotransl}} * {{Fn|Autotranslata}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae | Translationes machinariae | Correctiones neglectae }} * [[:Categoria:Latinitas]] * [[:Categoria:Versiones nondum recensae]] * {{Fn|Pars autotranslata}} * {{Fn|Pagina absurda}} * {{Fn|Pagina spammifera}} * {{Fn|Non Latine}} * {{Fn|Latinitas}} * {{Fn|Urna Latinitatis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de rebus corrigendis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Latinitas|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae machinas quaesitorias deterrent ne paginas indicent|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> psvrckbgx5ze9a311n08veadn2ncn92 10 309322 3974339 3943268 2026-07-24T22:49:25Z Grufo 64423 3974339 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula transitoria}} {{Compendia formulae|autotranslp}} Utere hac formula cum pars vel caput paginae videatur a translatione machinaria oriri. Paginae quae hac formula utuntur in [[:Categoria:Translationes machinariae]] numerabuntur. Postremo, ab octavo die post tempus Vicipaedianum quod argumentum {{para|tempus|<nowiki>{{subst:t}}</nowiki>}} statuit, aut ab octavo die post ultimam recensionem si argumentum {{para|tempus|<nowiki>{{subst:t}}</nowiki>}} omittitur, in [[:Categoria:Correctiones neglectae]] quoque numerabuntur. Si haud pauci versus tantum sed cuncta pagina videtur esse autotranslata, utere formula {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}}. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pars autotranslata}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pars autotranslata|tempus={{subst:t}}}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pars autotranslata|propositum=exhibitio}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pars autotranslata|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]}}</syntaxhighlight> vel <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pars autotranslata|tempus={{subst:t}}|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pars autotranslata|fons=[[:en:AlexNet]]|propositum=exhibitio}} == De formula adhibenda == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula partem paginae machinā translatam indicat.", "params": { "fons": { "label": "Fons", "description": "Fons verisimilis quem machina interpretata est", "type": "content", "example": "[[:en:AlexNet]]", "required": false }, "tempus": { "label": "Tempus", "description": "Scribe “{{subst:t}}” aut omitte argumentum", "type": "number", "autovalue": "{{subst:t}}", "required": false } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae | Translationes machinariae | Correctiones neglectae }} * [[:Categoria:Latinitas]] * [[:Categoria:Versiones nondum recensae]] * {{Fn|Pagina autotranslata}} * {{Fn|Non Latine}} * {{Fn|Latinitas}} * {{Fn|Urna Latinitatis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae partes paginarum afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de rebus corrigendis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Latinitas|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae partes paginarum afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> j0jm3ati8shtro2q1fs9b5pxtz94gnt 0 309800 3974312 3967146 2026-07-24T21:13:55Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974312 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Germanica | significatio = fortasse “corvus” | imago = Bernardo Strozzi - St Roch - WGA21932.jpg | capitulum = [[Sanctus Rochus]] | dies = 16 Augusti }} {{res|Rochus}} ({{pns|i|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine, quod probabiliter e [[Vocabulum|vocabulo]] ''hrouh'', scilicet “[[corvus]]”, ducitur.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/rocco Rocco]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Nomen est duorum sanctorum Ecclesiae Catholicae atque usitatum est apud Italicos ([[Italice]] ''Rocco''), Hispanicos Lusitanosque ([[Hispanice]] ac [[Lusitanice]] ''Roque''). == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Rochus Monspessulanus]], sanctus Francogallicus == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Rochus González Garza]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rochus González de Santa Cruz||pt|qid=Q245621}}, sanctus * [[Rochus Habitzky]] * [[Rochus Hunt]] * [[Rochus Kaboré]] * [[Rochus Pietrantonio]] * [[Rochus Santa Cruz]] * [[Rochus Siffredi]] == In operibus artificiosis == ''[[Rocco e i suoi fratelli]]'' (''Rochus et fratres eius'') est pellicula a moderatore cinematographico Italico [[Luchinus Visconti (moderator cinematographicus)|Luchino Visconti]] anno 1960 creata. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Fanum Sancti Rochi (discretiva)]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Batava]] sauusqydltt6heqtdxkgezg1ww9jvwy 3974346 3974312 2026-07-24T23:16:04Z Grufo 64423 “Rochus et fratres eius” → “Rochus et fratres sui” 3974346 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Germanica | significatio = fortasse “corvus” | imago = Bernardo Strozzi - St Roch - WGA21932.jpg | capitulum = [[Sanctus Rochus]] | dies = 16 Augusti }} {{res|Rochus}} ({{pns|i|m}}) est nomen atque [[praenomen]] masculinum, Germanica origine, quod probabiliter e [[Vocabulum|vocabulo]] ''hrouh'', scilicet “[[corvus]]”, ducitur.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/rocco Rocco]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Nomen est duorum sanctorum Ecclesiae Catholicae atque usitatum est apud Italicos ([[Italice]] ''Rocco''), Hispanicos Lusitanosque ([[Hispanice]] ac [[Lusitanice]] ''Roque''). == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Rochus Monspessulanus]], sanctus Francogallicus == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Rochus González Garza]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Rochus González de Santa Cruz||pt|qid=Q245621}}, sanctus * [[Rochus Habitzky]] * [[Rochus Hunt]] * [[Rochus Kaboré]] * [[Rochus Pietrantonio]] * [[Rochus Santa Cruz]] * [[Rochus Siffredi]] == In operibus artificiosis == {{Op|[[Rocco e i suoi fratelli]]}} (‘Rochus et fratres sui’) est pellicula a moderatore cinematographico Italico [[Luchinus Visconti (moderator cinematographicus)|Luchino Visconti]] anno 1960 creata. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Fanum Sancti Rochi (discretiva)]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Batava]] 39xg7t2kases05sgbq3buygjbeb2tbq 0 309806 3974306 3969494 2026-07-24T21:07:14Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974306 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Latina | significatio = “mulier Sabinae” | imago = Popea Sabina, retrato de autor anónimo.jpg | capitulum = [[Poppaea Sabina]], imperatrix Romana }} {{res|Sabina}} ({{pns|ae|f}}) fuit nomen femininum Romanum antiquum; temporibus recentioribus est [[praenomen]]. E nomine territorii gentium [[Sabini|Sabinorum]] originem ducit.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/sabina Sabina]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> Forma masculina est {{res|[[Sabinus]]}}. == Quae hoc nomen habuerint == *[[Sabina Romana|Sabina]], sancta Romana *[[Poppaea Sabina]], uxor Neronis *[[Vibia Sabina]] == Quae hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Sabina Bergmann-Pohl]] * [[Sabina Bätzing-Lichtenthäler]] * [[Sabina Dittmar]] * [[Sabina Guzzanti]] * [[Sabina Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Sabina Špil'rejn||ru|qid=Q232336}} * [[Sabina Trenner]] * [[Sabina Welserin]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[665 Sabine]], asteroides * [[Sabina (terra)|Sabina]], terra Sabinorum * [[Sabine Comitatus]] * [[Sabine Paroecia]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Bohemica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Dacoromanica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Hispanica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Italica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Lusitana]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Russica]] 4vwx7d54lmzxwq51pl5ir3pmeyssf52 0 309852 3974315 3967068 2026-07-24T21:16:29Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974315 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Germanica | significatio = “saepes pugnae” | imago = Delpech - Hildegard of the Vinzgau.jpg | capitulum = [[Hildegarda (Caroli Magni uxor) | Hildegarda]], regina coniunx Francorum | dies = 17 Septembris }} {{res|Hildegardis}}, vel {{res|Hildegarda}},<ref>“Dirigensque continuo in Franciam ibidem apud se Papiam adduci fecit suam coniugem excellentissimam Hildegardam reginam et nobilissimos filios”; ''La Civiltà Cattolica, vol. 54'' (Romae, 1863): 677 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/La_Civilt%C3%A0_cattolica/sKzFYXzZykcC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Hildegardam&pg=PA677&printsec=frontcover].</ref> est [[Nomen proprium|nomen]] et [[praenomen]] femininum, Germanica origine, quod e [[Vocabulum|vocabulis]] ''hild'' (‘pugna’) et ''gard'' (‘[[saepes]]’) ducitur.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. ‘[https://www.behindthename.com/name/hildegard Hildegard]’. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Mulieres == * [[Hildegarda (Caroli Magni uxor)]] * [[Hildegardis Bingensis]] * [[Hildegardis Dresen]] * [[Hildegarda Fässler]] * [[Hildegarda-Carola Puwak]] * [[Hildegardis Schaeder]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hildegardis Trabant||de|qid=Q1415773}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[898 Hildegard]], asteroides [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] osc766l7dyw1cubwtoo6nso36jzeibw 10 313944 3974290 3922392 2026-07-24T20:48:10Z Grufo 64423 Forma plena 3974290 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula numquam substituenda}} {{Compendia formulae|disnomen}} Pone hanc formulam summis in paginis discretivis. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Pagina discretiva nominis}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Pagina discretiva nominis|propositum=exhibitio}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Paginae de nominibus discretivae}} * [[Vicipaedia:Discretio]] * [[:Categoria:Formulae discretivae]] * {{Fn|Capsa discretiva}} * {{Fn|Pagina discretiva}} * {{Fn|Vide discretivam}} * {{Fn|Videdis}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae cunctas paginas afficiunt|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae]] [[Categoria:Formulae paginarum discretivarum|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 77orrodx3k44vanf2fu6jg6mccfz267 0 314299 3974309 3969383 2026-07-24T21:09:58Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974309 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Hebraica | significatio = fortasse “amata” et “mulier Magdalae nata” | imago = Saint Mary Magdalen dei Pazzi. Etching by G. Fabbri, 1757. Wellcome V0032624.jpg | capitulum = [[Sancta Maria Magdalena de Pazzis]], monacha Italica | dies = 22 Iulii }} {{res|Maria Magdalena}}, vel {{res|Maria Magdalene}}<ref>“Mariam Magdalene et foeminam criminosam unam singularem foeminam esse, a Maria sorore Marthae distinctam”; Vespasianus Giordani, ''Dizionario universale della Sacra Bibbia Vulgata, Volume 2'' (Venetiis, 1854): 1191 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Dizionario_universale_della_Sacra_Bibbia/WJ8uTadQKP0C?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Mariam+Magdalenem&pg=PA1191&printsec=frontcover].</ref> ([[Graece]] Μαρία Μαγδαληνή), est [[Nomen proprium|nomen]] femininum quod e nomina [[Hebraice|Hebraica]] ''[[Maria]]'' atque ''[[Magdalena]]'' componitur. In [[Novum Testamentum|novo Testamento]], [[Maria Magdalena]] est praeclara discipula [[Iesu]], ex urbe Iudaica [[Magdala]] oriunda:<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/magdalene Magdalene]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> Eius [[dies festus]] celebratur die 22 Iulii. == Mulieres == * [[Sancta Maria Magdalena]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maria Magdalena Bull||no|qid=Q15980566}} * [[Maria Magdalena Dietrich]] * [[Ioanna Maria Magdalena Goebbels]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maria Magdalena Morelli||it|qid=Q3847408}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Maria Magdalena de Pazzis||it|qid=Q242040}} * [[Iohanna Maria Magdalena van Tilburg]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Maria-Magdalenen-Gymnasium Breslau]] [[Categoria:Nomina composita]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Dacoromanica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Hispanica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Norvegica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Polonica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Suecica]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Theodisca]] 406ms3ry8ldnoa2hvo3f13m07u1og4p 2 314478 3974406 3973792 2026-07-25T02:16:05Z Grufo 64423 3974406 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notae caducae | titulus = Memoranda | pagina = /notae }} [[Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/|Subpaginae]]: * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Facienda|Facienda]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Experimenta|Experimenta]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Tabularium|Tabularium]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Annotationes|Annotationes]] == Annotationes == * [[:Categoria:Categoriae exploratoriae]] * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/6d93921797f12b82dea25f3a9ce40cd3008a66f0/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mw.lua#L208-L511 newFrame]</code> * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/703942affa454493cfcc240d41eeb81ac10c9c03/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/LuaEngine.php#L687-L689 newChildFrame]</code> * {{Nexus planus | 1 = //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=intitle%3Acategory&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%22fields%22%3A%7B%22intitle%22%3A%22category%22%7D%7D&ns8=1 | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Anglicae }} * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/design-tokens/color.html Color _ Codex] * {{Nexus cum parametris | search = intitle:category | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | advancedSearch-current = {"fields":{"intitle":"category"}<nowiki />} | ns8 = 1 | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Latinae }} * {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae documentationis quae &#123;&#123;Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae&#125;&#125; requirunt | search = insource:/\{{!}}\s*!\s*\]\]/i | limit = 500 | offset = 0 | ns10 = 1 | sort = last_edit_desc | searchToken = d52ms0m5mhbjrlausqohxllfv }} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{safesubst:/i|Annotationes cui est <code>safesubst:</code>|ns=0,1,10,100,101,11,118,119,12,13,14,15,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,828,829,9|limes=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{subst:/i|Annotationes cui est <code>subst:</code>|ns=0,1,10,100,101,11,118,119,12,13,14,15,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,828,829,9|limes=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:params/i|Ubi modulus Params adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|limes=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} == De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum == * [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio” – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T419100|Pass the target of the redirect as $1 to MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text – Phabricator]] * [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] * [[MediaWiki:Editnotice-0]] * [[Specialis:Nexus ad paginam/Alkinum]] * [[MediaWiki:Hf-nsheader-Adumbratio]] * [[MediaWiki:Top-notice-ns-118]] * [[MediaWiki:Draft header]] * [[MediaWiki:Namespacenotice-118]] == Alia == * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Edit notice]] * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Sitenotice]] * [[Mw:Extension:PageNotice]] * [[phab:T405104|Consider linting/deprecating blank template parameter names – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T430383|Introduce a parser function that allows editors to define a maximum cache validity interval for a page – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431913|TemplateData's custom format does not support the tab character – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431938|Add support for :focus-within when the content model is “sanitized-css” – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431940|Allow TemplateData to specify the intended template invocation method – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T432542|Add a returnType field to TemplateData – Phabricator]] 3dotgx7szb1a2pt38jmzkfxbqixpud3 3974415 3974406 2026-07-25T02:34:04Z Grufo 64423 3974415 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Notae caducae | titulus = Memoranda | pagina = /notae }} [[Specialis:Praefixa/{{FULLPAGENAME}}/|Subpaginae]]: * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Facienda|Facienda]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Experimenta|Experimenta]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Tabularium|Tabularium]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Lorem ipsum|Lorem ipsum]] * [[Usor:Grufo/Officina/Annotationes|Annotationes]] == Annotationes == * [[:Categoria:Categoriae exploratoriae]] * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/6d93921797f12b82dea25f3a9ce40cd3008a66f0/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/lualib/mw.lua#L208-L511 newFrame]</code> * <code>[https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki-extensions-Scribunto/blob/703942affa454493cfcc240d41eeb81ac10c9c03/includes/Engines/LuaCommon/LuaEngine.php#L687-L689 newChildFrame]</code> * {{Nexus planus | 1 = //en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=intitle%3Acategory&title=Special%3ASearch&profile=advanced&fulltext=1&advancedSearch-current=%7B%22fields%22%3A%7B%22intitle%22%3A%22category%22%7D%7D&ns8=1 | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Anglicae }} * [https://doc.wikimedia.org/codex/latest/design-tokens/color.html Color _ Codex] * {{Nexus cum parametris | search = intitle:category | profile = advanced | fulltext = 1 | advancedSearch-current = {"fields":{"intitle":"category"}<nowiki />} | ns8 = 1 | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Nomina categoriarum systematis Vicipaediae Latinae }} * {{Nexus cum parametris | 1 = Specialis:Quaerere | 2 = Paginae documentationis quae &#123;&#123;Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae&#125;&#125; requirunt | search = insource:/\{{!}}\s*!\s*\]\]/i | limit = 500 | offset = 0 | ns10 = 1 | sort = last_edit_desc | searchToken = d52ms0m5mhbjrlausqohxllfv }} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{safesubst:/i|Annotationes cui est <code>safesubst:</code>|ns=0,1,10,100,101,11,118,119,12,13,14,15,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,828,829,9|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/\<ref[^>\/]*\>[^<]*\{\{subst:/i|Annotationes cui est <code>subst:</code>|ns=0,1,10,100,101,11,118,119,12,13,14,15,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,828,829,9|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} * {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:params/i|Ubi modulus Params adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} == De novo spatio nominali adumbrationum == * [[phab:T418706|New “Draft” namespace for lawiki: “Adumbratio” – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T419100|Pass the target of the redirect as $1 to MediaWiki:Move-redirect-text – Phabricator]] * [[MediaWiki:Noarticletext]] * [[MediaWiki:Editnotice-0]] * [[Specialis:Nexus ad paginam/Alkinum]] * [[MediaWiki:Hf-nsheader-Adumbratio]] * [[MediaWiki:Top-notice-ns-118]] * [[MediaWiki:Draft header]] * [[MediaWiki:Namespacenotice-118]] == Alia == * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Edit notice]] * [[Mw:Manual:Interface/Sitenotice]] * [[Mw:Extension:PageNotice]] * [[phab:T405104|Consider linting/deprecating blank template parameter names – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T430383|Introduce a parser function that allows editors to define a maximum cache validity interval for a page – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431913|TemplateData's custom format does not support the tab character – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431938|Add support for :focus-within when the content model is “sanitized-css” – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T431940|Allow TemplateData to specify the intended template invocation method – Phabricator]] * [[phab:T432542|Add a returnType field to TemplateData – Phabricator]] 6ar2ovnntqe0vzsu4jguhprsqmd5og5 10 321090 3974344 3952598 2026-07-24T22:53:26Z Grufo 64423 3974344 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula numquam substituenda|...}} {{Lua|Modulus:Params}} Haec formula, '''in paginis disputationis''' tantum adhibenda, conexionem quandam intra Vicipaedianos et rem tractatam indicat. Paginae disputationis quae hanc formulam ostendunt in [[:Categoria:Disputationes paginarum cum usoribus conexis]] numerantur. Si tuum nomen uspiam in hac formula scriptum est, formulam {{Fn|Non iudex in mea causa}} tuo spatio nominali addere potes. == De usu == '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Auctores conexi | ustrix = Lavinia993 | fideiussor = {{subst:REVISIONUSER}} | tempus = {{subst:t}} | recensio = {{subst:REVISIONID:{{subst:SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}} }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Auctores conexi | ustrix = Lavinia993 | fideiussor = UsorExemplaris | tempus = 2003-11-30 | recensio = 529 | propositum = exhibitio }} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Auctores conexi|u1=Alexander1533|u2=Lavinia993|u3=CarpeDiem3571|u4=Flavia1966}}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Auctores conexi|u1=Alexander1533|u2=Lavinia993|u3=CarpeDiem3571|u4=Flavia1966|propositum=exhibitio}} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Auctores conexi | usor 1 = Alexander1533 | ustrix 2 = Lavinia993 | ustrix usorve 3 = CarpeDiem3571 | ustrix 4 = Flavia1966 }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Auctores conexi | usor 1 = Alexander1533 | ustrix 2 = Lavinia993 | ustrix usorve 3 = CarpeDiem3571 | ustrix 4 = Flavia1966 | propositum = exhibitio }} {{Ast}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Auctores conexi | fideiustrix = Alix99 | tempus = 2003-11-30 | recensio = 529 | annotatio = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. | usor 1 = Alexander1533 | ustrix 2 = Lavinia993 | recensuit 2 = paginam | agnitio 2 = 529 | u 3 = CarpeDiem3571 | recensuit 3 = nihil | agnitio 3 = videatur disputationem apud Meta-Vici | interdictio 3 = globalis | postilla 3 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres. | ustrix 4 = Flavia1966 | agnitio 4 = 529 | ante agnitionem 4 = 528 }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Auctores conexi | fideiustrix = Alix99 | tempus = 2003-11-30 | recensio = 529 | annotatio = Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. | usor 1 = Alexander1533 | ustrix 2 = Lavinia993 | recensuit 2 = paginam | agnitio 2 = 529 | u 3 = CarpeDiem3571 | recensuit 3 = nihil | agnitio 3 = videatur disputationem apud Meta-Vici | interdictio 3 = globalis | postilla 3 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres. | ustrix 4 = Flavia1966 | agnitio 4 = 529 | ante agnitionem 4 = 528 | propositum = exhibitio }} == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula, in paginis disputationis tantum adhibenda, conexionem quandam intra Vicipaedianos et rem tractatam indicat.", "params": { "u 1": { "label": "Usor 1", "aliases": [ "u1", "u", "usor ustrixve 1", "usor ustrixve", "ustrix usorve 1", "ustrix usorve", "usor 1", "usor", "ustrix 1", "ustrix" ], "description": "Nomen primi conexi usoris ustricisve – ad sexum inspiciendum iussus MediaVicialis ‘{{GENDER:}}’ adhibetur; si fallitur ‘|usor 1=’ genus masculinum, ‘ustrix 1=’ genus femininum, atque ‘u1=’ genus ignotum suadebit", "type": "string", "required": true, "example": "Alexander1533" }, "recensuit 1": { "label": "Recensuit 1", "aliases": [ "recensuit" ], "description": "Utrum primus usor ustrixve paginam coniunctam vel aliud affecerit necne – scribe ‘|recensuit 1=paginam’ aut ‘|recensuit 1=nihil’ aut omitte; argumento omisso ‘|recensuit 1=paginam’ legetur", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "nihil" }, "agnitio 1": { "label": "Agnitio 1", "aliases": [ "agnitio" ], "description": "Numerus recensionis quo primus usor conexionem professus est, aut textus cum nexibus qui agnitionem explicat", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "529" }, "ante agnitionem 1": { "label": "Ante agnitionem 1", "aliases": [ "ante agnitionem" ], "description": "Dummodo ‘|agnitio 1=’ sit numerus, hoc argumentum numerum recensionis referre potest quae professionem conexionis praecedit – argumento omisso ‘prev’ legetur", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "528" }, "interdictio 1": { "label": "Interdictio 1", "aliases": [ "interdictio" ], "description": "Utrum usor sit obstructus in perpetuum necne (interdictiones caducae omittendae sunt) – scribe ‘|interdictio 1=globalis’ aut ‘|interdictio 1=Vicipaediana’ aut ‘|interdictio 1=paginalis’ aut ‘|interdictio 1=nulla’", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "Alexander1533" }, "postilla 1": { "label": "Postilla 1", "aliases": [ "postilla" ], "description": "Aliud de primo usore", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres." }, "u 2": { "label": "Usor 2", "aliases": [ "u2", "usor ustrixve 2", "ustrix usorve 2", "usor 2", "ustrix 2" ], "description": "Nomen secundi conexi usoris ustricisve – ad sexum inspiciendum iussus MediaVicialis ‘{{GENDER:}}’ adhibetur; si fallitur ‘|usor 2=’ genus masculinum, ‘ustrix 2=’ genus femininum, atque ‘u2=’ genus ignotum suadebit", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "Lavinia993" }, "recensuit 2": { "label": "Recensuit 2", "description": "Utrum secundus usor ustrixve paginam coniunctam vel aliud affecerit necne – scribe ‘|recensuit 2=paginam’ aut ‘|recensuit 2=nihil’ aut omitte; argumento omisso ‘|recensuit 2=paginam’ legetur", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "nihil" }, "agnitio 2": { "label": "Agnitio 2", "description": "Numerus recensionis quo secundus usor conexionem professus est, aut textus cum nexibus qui agnitionem explicat", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "529" }, "ante agnitionem 2": { "label": "Ante agnitionem 2", "description": "Dummodo ‘|agnitio 2=’ sit numerus, hoc argumentum numerum recensionis referre potest quae professionem conexionis praecedit – argumento omisso ‘prev’ legetur", "type": "number", "required": false, "example": "528" }, "interdictio 2": { "label": "Interdictio 2", "description": "Utrum usor sit obstructus in perpetuum necne (interdictiones caducae omittendae sunt) – scribe ‘|interdictio 2=globalis’ aut ‘|interdictio 2=Vicipaediana’ aut ‘|interdictio 2=paginalis’ aut ‘|interdictio 2=nulla’", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "Alexander2533" }, "postilla 2": { "label": "Postilla 2", "description": "Aliud de secundo usore", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres." }, "u 3": { "label": "Usor 3", "aliases": [ "u3", "usor ustrixve 3", "ustrix usorve 3", "usor 3", "ustrix 3" ], "description": "Et cetera", "type": "string", "required": false, "example": "CarpeDiem3571" }, "fideiussor": { "label": "Fideiussor", "aliases": [ "fideiustrix" ], "description": "Ustrix usorve qui paginam inspexit", "type": "string", "required": false, "autovalue": "{{subst:REVISIONUSER}}", "example": "Alix99" }, "tempus": { "label": "Tempus", "description": "Tempus recensionis inspectae (secundum syntaxin quam iussus MediaVicialis ‘{{#time:}}’ intellegit)", "type": "string", "required": false, "autovalue": "{{subst:t}}", "example": "2003-11-30" }, "recensio": { "label": "Recensio", "description": "Numerus recensionis inspectae", "type": "number", "required": false, "autovalue": "{{subst:REVISIONID:{{subst:SUBJECTPAGENAME}}}}", "example": "529" }, "annotatio": { "label": "Annotatio", "description": "Annotatio de auctoribus conexis", "type": "content", "required": false, "example": "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet." } } }</templatedata> == Subformulae auxiliares == * &#123;&#123;{{rel|Formula:Auctores conexi/conexio}}&#125;&#125; == Synonyma == * {{Fn|Auctrices conexae}} * {{Fn|Auctor conexus}} * {{Fn|Auctrix conexa}} == Ulteriora si cupis == {{Categoriae vestigatoriae formulae|Disputationes paginarum cum usoribus conexis}} * [[:Categoria:Formulae disputationis]] * {{Fsn|Nuntium de pagina conexa}} * {{Fn|Pagina infeste propagata}} * {{Fn|Pagina spammifera}} * {{Fn|Notiones disputatae}} * {{Fn|Facienda}} * {{Fn|Non iudex in mea causa}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae seorsos versus creant|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae monituum nuntiorumque|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Capsae disputationis|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae quae nexus ad usores praebent|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ce1agpjenqfhzpzqjr6k0ex39cxnnhr 0 321240 3974426 3952701 2026-07-25T05:03:35Z ~2026-41218-68 212564 3974426 wikitext text/x-wiki {{res|Ioannes Augustini filius Vaisov}} ([[Bulgarice]] Иван Августинов Вайсов; natus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Piešťany|Piešťany|sk|qid=Q321074}} die [[26 Februarii]] [[1957]]) est [[archaeologus]] [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]], in investigationibus [[praehistoria]]e [[Paeninsula Balcanica|Balcanicae]] versatus, praesertim aetatum [[Neolithicum|Neolithicae]] et [[Chalcolithicum|Aeneolithicae]] in Europa Meridionali-Orientali. == Vita == Vaisov Piešťanis in [[Slovacia]] natus est. Archaeologiam apud [[Universitas Comeniana Bratislavensis|Universitatem Comenianam Bratislavensem]] studuit, ubi gradum [[doctor philosophiae|doctoris philosophiae]] consecutus est.<ref name="uk-absolvent">{{Cite web | url = https://absolventi.uniba.sk/ | title = Ivan Avgustinov Vajsov | publisher = Universitas Comeniana Bratislaviensis | location = Bratislava | language = sk | access-date = 2 Februarii 2026 }}</ref> Ab anno [[1982]] apud Institutum Nationale Archaeologicum cum Museo Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae (NAIM–BAN) laborat, in sectione praehistoriae operam scientificam praestans.<ref>[https://naim.bg/bg/content/person/700/0/321/ Pagina officialis Instituti Nationalis Archaeologici cum Museo apud BAN]</ref> == Investigatio scientifica == Investigationes Ivani Vaisovii ad processus neolithizationis, transitionem a Neolithico ad Aeneolithicum, necnon ad initia metallurgiae in Europa Meridionali-Orientali pertinent. Opera eius saepe in contextu comparativo Balcanico atque Aegaeo tractantur, praesertim in studiis de structura sociali communitatum praehistoricarum et de cultura materiali. Contributiones eius in synthesiis archaeologicis recentioribus adhibentur, quae evolutionem culturalem regionis inter V et IV millennium a.C.n. tractant.<ref>Krauß, R. ‘‘Dynamics of Neolithisation in South-eastern Europe’’. Vindobonae: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2023.</ref><ref>Hansen, S. (ed.). ‘‘Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea’’. Bonnae, 2015.</ref> == Receptio academica == Studia Vaisovii in litteris archaeologicis internationalibus regulariter citantur, praesertim in disputationibus de interpretatione plasticae anthropomorphae, de differentiatione sociali, atque de mutationibus culturalibus aetatis Aeneolithicae in Balcanis. Opera eius adhibentur in investigationibus comparativis de figurinis praehistoricis et de symbolismo culturae materialis Neolithicae et Aeneolithicae.<ref>Nanoglou, S. “Representing people, constituting worlds: multiple ‘Neolithics’ in the Southern Balkans”. ‘‘Documenta Praehistorica’’ XXXVI (2009), 283–297.</ref><ref>Bailey, D. W. ‘‘Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic’’. Londinii–Neo Eboraci, 2005.</ref><ref>Müller, M. (2015). On the Distribution of Different Types of Anthropomorphic Figurines of the Copper Age on the Eastern Balkan Peninsula and the Lower Danube Valley. – In: S. Hansen, P. Raczky, A. Anders, A. Reingruber (eds.), Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea. Chronologies and Technologies from the 6th to 4th Millennium BC. International Workshop Budapedst 2012 (Bonn 2015), 353–367</ref> == Opera selecta == * Vajsov, I. Die frühesten Metalldolche Südost- und Mitteleuropas. ‘‘Praehistorische Zeitschrift’’ 68 (1993), 103–145. * Todorova, H.; Vajsov, I. Der kupferzeitliche Schmuck Bulgariens. Stutgardiae: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001. [[Categoria:Archaeologi]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Nati 1957]] 4cgpeka3pzb6e7mgw4ud52icfl5iu8g 3974427 3974426 2026-07-25T05:05:13Z ~2026-41218-68 212564 3974427 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina non annexa}} {{res|Ioannes Augustini filius Vaisov}} ([[Bulgarice]] Иван Августинов Вайсов; natus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Piešťany|Piešťany|sk|qid=Q321074}} die [[26 Februarii]] [[1957]]) est [[archaeologus]] [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]], in investigationibus [[praehistoria]]e [[Paeninsula Balcanica|Balcanicae]] versatus, praesertim aetatum [[Neolithicum|Neolithicae]] et [[Chalcolithicum|Aeneolithicae]] in Europa Meridionali-Orientali. == Vita == Vaisov Piešťanis in [[Slovacia]] natus est. Archaeologiam apud [[Universitas Comeniana Bratislavensis|Universitatem Comenianam Bratislavensem]] studuit, ubi gradum [[doctor philosophiae|doctoris philosophiae]] consecutus est.<ref name="uk-absolvent">{{Cite web | url = https://absolventi.uniba.sk/ | title = Ivan Avgustinov Vajsov | publisher = Universitas Comeniana Bratislaviensis | location = Bratislava | language = sk | access-date = 2 Februarii 2026 }}</ref> Ab anno [[1982]] apud Institutum Nationale Archaeologicum cum Museo Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae (NAIM–BAN) laborat, in sectione praehistoriae operam scientificam praestans.<ref>[https://naim.bg/bg/content/person/700/0/321/ Pagina officialis Instituti Nationalis Archaeologici cum Museo apud BAN]</ref> == Investigatio scientifica == Investigationes Ivani Vaisovii ad processus neolithizationis, transitionem a Neolithico ad Aeneolithicum, necnon ad initia metallurgiae in Europa Meridionali-Orientali pertinent. Opera eius saepe in contextu comparativo Balcanico atque Aegaeo tractantur, praesertim in studiis de structura sociali communitatum praehistoricarum et de cultura materiali. Contributiones eius in synthesiis archaeologicis recentioribus adhibentur, quae evolutionem culturalem regionis inter V et IV millennium a.C.n. tractant.<ref>Krauß, R. ‘‘Dynamics of Neolithisation in South-eastern Europe’’. Vindobonae: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2023.</ref><ref>Hansen, S. (ed.). ‘‘Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea’’. Bonnae, 2015.</ref> == Receptio academica == Studia Vaisovii in litteris archaeologicis internationalibus regulariter citantur, praesertim in disputationibus de interpretatione plasticae anthropomorphae, de differentiatione sociali, atque de mutationibus culturalibus aetatis Aeneolithicae in Balcanis. Opera eius adhibentur in investigationibus comparativis de figurinis praehistoricis et de symbolismo culturae materialis Neolithicae et Aeneolithicae.<ref>Nanoglou, S. “Representing people, constituting worlds: multiple ‘Neolithics’ in the Southern Balkans”. ‘‘Documenta Praehistorica’’ XXXVI (2009), 283–297.</ref><ref>Bailey, D. W. ‘‘Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic’’. Londinii–Neo Eboraci, 2005.</ref><ref>Müller, M. (2015). On the Distribution of Different Types of Anthropomorphic Figurines of the Copper Age on the Eastern Balkan Peninsula and the Lower Danube Valley. – In: S. Hansen, P. Raczky, A. Anders, A. Reingruber (eds.), Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea. Chronologies and Technologies from the 6th to 4th Millennium BC. International Workshop Budapedst 2012 (Bonn 2015), 353–367</ref> == Opera selecta == * Vajsov, I. Die frühesten Metalldolche Südost- und Mitteleuropas. ‘‘Praehistorische Zeitschrift’’ 68 (1993), 103–145. * Todorova, H.; Vajsov, I. Der kupferzeitliche Schmuck Bulgariens. Stutgardiae: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001. [[Categoria:Archaeologi]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Nati 1957]] gee7tswa2aos0eyzlukx725k4zzoon2 3974428 3974427 2026-07-25T05:05:42Z ~2026-41218-68 212564 3974428 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa hominis Vicidatorum}} {{res|Ioannes Augustini filius Vaisov}} ([[Bulgarice]] Иван Августинов Вайсов; natus {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Piešťany|Piešťany|sk|qid=Q321074}} die [[26 Februarii]] [[1957]]) est [[archaeologus]] [[Bulgaria|Bulgaricus]], in investigationibus [[praehistoria]]e [[Paeninsula Balcanica|Balcanicae]] versatus, praesertim aetatum [[Neolithicum|Neolithicae]] et [[Chalcolithicum|Aeneolithicae]] in Europa Meridionali-Orientali. == Vita == Vaisov Piešťanis in [[Slovacia]] natus est. Archaeologiam apud [[Universitas Comeniana Bratislavensis|Universitatem Comenianam Bratislavensem]] studuit, ubi gradum [[doctor philosophiae|doctoris philosophiae]] consecutus est.<ref name="uk-absolvent">{{Cite web | url = https://absolventi.uniba.sk/ | title = Ivan Avgustinov Vajsov | publisher = Universitas Comeniana Bratislaviensis | location = Bratislava | language = sk | access-date = 2 Februarii 2026 }}</ref> Ab anno [[1982]] apud Institutum Nationale Archaeologicum cum Museo Academiae Scientiarum Bulgaricae (NAIM–BAN) laborat, in sectione praehistoriae operam scientificam praestans.<ref>[https://naim.bg/bg/content/person/700/0/321/ Pagina officialis Instituti Nationalis Archaeologici cum Museo apud BAN]</ref> == Investigatio scientifica == Investigationes Ivani Vaisovii ad processus neolithizationis, transitionem a Neolithico ad Aeneolithicum, necnon ad initia metallurgiae in Europa Meridionali-Orientali pertinent. Opera eius saepe in contextu comparativo Balcanico atque Aegaeo tractantur, praesertim in studiis de structura sociali communitatum praehistoricarum et de cultura materiali. Contributiones eius in synthesiis archaeologicis recentioribus adhibentur, quae evolutionem culturalem regionis inter V et IV millennium a.C.n. tractant.<ref>Krauß, R. ‘‘Dynamics of Neolithisation in South-eastern Europe’’. Vindobonae: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2023.</ref><ref>Hansen, S. (ed.). ‘‘Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea’’. Bonnae, 2015.</ref> == Receptio academica == Studia Vaisovii in litteris archaeologicis internationalibus regulariter citantur, praesertim in disputationibus de interpretatione plasticae anthropomorphae, de differentiatione sociali, atque de mutationibus culturalibus aetatis Aeneolithicae in Balcanis. Opera eius adhibentur in investigationibus comparativis de figurinis praehistoricis et de symbolismo culturae materialis Neolithicae et Aeneolithicae.<ref>Nanoglou, S. “Representing people, constituting worlds: multiple ‘Neolithics’ in the Southern Balkans”. ‘‘Documenta Praehistorica’’ XXXVI (2009), 283–297.</ref><ref>Bailey, D. W. ‘‘Prehistoric Figurines: Representation and Corporeality in the Neolithic’’. Londinii–Neo Eboraci, 2005.</ref><ref>Müller, M. (2015). On the Distribution of Different Types of Anthropomorphic Figurines of the Copper Age on the Eastern Balkan Peninsula and the Lower Danube Valley. – In: S. Hansen, P. Raczky, A. Anders, A. Reingruber (eds.), Neolithic and Copper Age between the Carpathians and the Aegean Sea. Chronologies and Technologies from the 6th to 4th Millennium BC. International Workshop Budapedst 2012 (Bonn 2015), 353–367</ref> == Opera selecta == * Vajsov, I. Die frühesten Metalldolche Südost- und Mitteleuropas. ‘‘Praehistorische Zeitschrift’’ 68 (1993), 103–145. * Todorova, H.; Vajsov, I. Der kupferzeitliche Schmuck Bulgariens. Stutgardiae: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2001. [[Categoria:Archaeologi]] [[Categoria:Homines vivi]] [[Categoria:Nati 1957]] 1mp31cg2i3h28kyiyfze5et425g5h5f 0 321547 3974301 3969854 2026-07-24T21:03:00Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}}; +{{[[Formula:Opus|opus]]}} 3974301 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Anglica | significatio = “(mulier) Iulii” | imago = Official portrait of Gillian Keegan crop 2.jpg | capitulum = [[Gilliana Keegan]], mulier politica Britannica }} {{res|Gilliana}},<ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Gross | nomen 1 = Nicolaus | titulus = OPPROBRIUM BLASPHEMIAE. Britannica gubernatio prohibere vult, ne magistra verberetur | tempus = 2007-12-04 | domus editoria = Ephemeris | url = http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/inorbe.php?id=347 }}: “Magistratûs Sudaniani nunc magistram {{lectio|Gillianam}} Gibbons accusaverunt.”</ref><ref>{{Opus | cognomen 1 = Gross | nomen 1 = Nicolaus | titulus = “Casus ursularius” - Magistram Britannam domum revertisse | annus = 2007 | domus editoria = Ephemeris | url = http://www.alcuinus.net/ephemeris/archi2007/nuntius.php?id=368 }}: “{{lectio|Gilliana}} Gibbons magistra in Sudaniâ propter ‘Casum Ursularium’ condemnata revertit in Magnam Britanniam.”</ref> vulgo ''Gillian'' seu ''Jillian'', est [[praenomen]] femininum, forma antiquior praenominis [[Anglica|Anglici]] ''Juliana'' ([[Iuliana]]) quae in usu ab [[Aera mediaevalis|aera mediaevali]] est.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/gillian Gillian]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref name=":02">Vide paginam ''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Gillian Gillian]'' apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> ''Gill'' atque ''Jill'' formae hypocoristicae nominis sunt.<ref name=":0" /> == Mulieres == * [[Gilliana Biden]] * [[Gilliana Johnson]] * [[Gilliana Keegan]] * [[Gilliana Merron]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Gilliana Murray||en|qid=Q2128520}} == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] eiaivm29iuuc7af8z8xjabf9ljecmkk 4 322505 3974165 3973284 2026-07-24T12:24:46Z MediaWiki message delivery 62628 /* Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) */ nova pars 3974165 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:10, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:45, 21 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> c52zsyz5mg6s0nmo5g1xqwosvej7x4g 3974166 3974165 2026-07-24T12:32:20Z IacobusAmor 1163 /* Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) */ 3974166 wikitext text/x-wiki __NEWSECTIONLINK__<nowiki />[[Categoria:Vicipaedia]][[Categoria:Fora Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]]{{Capsa paginae|1= Haec pagina nuntios technicos qui e [[MediaVici]] proveniunt praebet. Vide etiam [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2016|nuntios anni 2016]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2017|nuntios anni 2017]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2018|nuntios anni 2018]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2019|nuntios anni 2019]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2020|nuntios anni 2020]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2021|nuntios anni 2021]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2022|nuntios anni 2022]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2023|nuntios anni 2023]], [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2024|nuntios anni 2024]] et [[Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|nuntios anni 2025]]. }} == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-03</span> == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Tech News: 2026-03|Nuntia ad novum annum mota --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W03"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the current work of Community Tech team on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W372|Multiple watchlists]] project, the display of [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]] will be updated as a first step towards multiple watchlists. Additionally, the pagination on [[Special:Search|Search]] will be updated too, as a part of the work on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W186|Revamp pagination / page navigation]] wish. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411596] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] is a MediaWiki [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that lets you see your watchlists from different wikis on the same page. It was recently updated to look more like the regular [[Special:Watchlist|Watchlist]], such as preparing it for temporary accounts in IP masking (including rerouting user links to contributions pages), making page titles bold, and opening links in edit summaries and tags in new browser tabs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398361][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T298919][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T273526][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T286309] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where global blocks did not have the option to disable sending emails, has now been fixed, and will be available for use in the week of January 13. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401293] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Citation tool|VisualEditor citation tool]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] now support "map" as a reference type. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411083] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.10|MediaWiki]]/[[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/03|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W03"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:32, 12 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29907192 --> == Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 == {{Accepta|Vicipaedia:Nuntii Technici/2025|Thank You for Last Year – Join Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Nuntium ad novum annum motum --[[Usor:Grufo|Grufo]]}} Dear Wikimedia communities, We hope you are doing well, and we wish you a happy New Year. ''Last year, we captured light. This year, we’ll capture legacy.'' In 2025, communities around the world shared the glow of Ramadan nights and the warmth of collective iftars. In 2026, ''Wiki Loves Ramadan'' is expanding, bringing more stories, more cultures, and deeper global connections across Wikimedia projects. We invite you to explore the ''Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026'' [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Meta page]] to learn how you can participate and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026/Participating communities|sign up]] your community. 📷 ''Photo campaign on '' [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026|Wikimedia Commons]] If you have questions about the project, please refer to the FAQs: * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ/|Meta-Wiki]] * [[c:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Wiki Loves Ramadan/FAQ|Wikimedia Commons]] ''Early registration for updates is now open via the '''[[m:Special:RegisterForEvent/2710|Event page]]''''' ''Stay connected and receive updates:'' * [https://t.me/WikiLovesRamadan Telegram channel] * [https://lists.wikimedia.org/postorius/lists/wikilovesramadan.lists.wikimedia.org/ Mailing list] We look forward to collaborating with you and your community. '''The Wiki Loves Ramadan 2026 Organizing Team''' 19:45, 16 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29879549 --> == Feminism and Folklore 2026 starts soon == <div style="border:8px maroon ridge;padding:6px;"> [[File:Feminism and Folklore 2026 logo.svg|centre|550px|frameless]] ::<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> ;Invitation to Organize Feminism and Folklore 2026 Dear Wiki Community, We are pleased to invite Wikimedia communities, affiliates, and independent contributors to organize the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026]]''' writing competition on your local Wikipedia. The international campaign will run from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and aims to improve coverage of feminism, women’s histories, gender-related topics, and folk culture across Wikipedia projects. ;About the Campaign '''Feminism and Folklore''' is a global writing initiative that complements the '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki Loves Folklore 2026|Wiki Loves Folklore]]''' photography competition. While Wiki Loves Folklore focuses on visual documentation, this writing campaign addresses the '''gender gap on Wikipedia''' by improving encyclopedic content related to folk culture and marginalized voices. ;What Can Participants Write About? Communities can contribute by creating, expanding, or translating articles related to: * Folk festivals, rituals, and celebrations * Folk dances, music, and traditional performances * Women and queer figures in folklore * Women in mythology and oral traditions * Women warriors, witches, and witch-hunting narratives * Fairy tales, folk stories, and legends * Folk games, sports, and cultural practices Participants may work from curated article lists or generate new article suggestions using campaign tools. ;How to Sign Up as an Organizer Organizers are requested to complete the following steps to register their community: # Create a local project page on your wiki [[:m:Feminism and Folklore/Sample|(see sample)]] # Set up the campaign using the '''CampWiz''' tool # Prepare a local article list and clearly mention: #* Campaign timeline #* Local and international prizes # Request a site notice from local administrators [[:mr:Template:SN-FNF|(see sample)]] # Add your local project page and CampWiz link to the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta project page]]''' ;Campaign Tools The Wiki Loves Folklore Tech Team has introduced tools to support organizers and participants: * '''Article List Generator by Topic''' – Helps identify articles available on English Wikipedia but missing in your local language Wikipedia. The tool allows customized filters and provides downloadable article lists in CSV and wikitable formats. * '''CampWiz''' – Enables communities to manage writing campaigns effectively, including jury-based evaluation. This will be the third year CampWiz is officially used for Feminism and Folklore. Both tools are now available for use in the campaign. '''[https://tools.wikilovesfolklore.org/ Click here to access the tools]''' ;Learn More & Get Support For detailed information about rules, timelines, and prizes, please visit the '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 project page]]'''. If you have any questions or need assistance, feel free to reach out via: * '''[[:m:Talk:Feminism and Folklore 2026/Project Page|Meta talk page]]''' * Email us using details on the contact page. ;Join Us We look forward to your collaboration and coordination in making Feminism and Folklore 2026 a meaningful and impactful campaign for closing gender gaps and enriching folk culture content on Wikipedia. Thank you and best wishes, '''[[:m:Feminism and Folklore 2026|Feminism and Folklore 2026 International Team]]''' ---- ''Stay connected:'' [[File:B&W Facebook icon.png|link=https://www.facebook.com/feminismandfolklore/|30x30px]]&nbsp; [[File:B&W Twitter icon.png|link=https://twitter.com/wikifolklore|30x30px]] </div></div> == Invitation to Host Wiki Loves Folklore 2026 in Your Country == <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <div style="text-align: center; width: 100%;">''{{int:please-translate}}''</div> [[File:Wiki Loves Folklore Logo.svg|right|150px|frameless]] Hello everyone, We are delighted to invite Wikimedia affiliates, user groups, and community organizations worldwide to participate in '''Wiki Loves Folklore 2026''', an international initiative dedicated to documenting and celebrating folk culture across the globe. ;About Wiki Loves Folklore '''Wiki Loves Folklore''' is an annual international photography competition hosted on Wikimedia Commons. The campaign runs from '''1 February to 31 March 2026''' and encourages photographers, cultural enthusiasts, and community members to contribute photographs that highlight: * Folk traditions and rituals * Cultural festivals and celebrations * Traditional attire and crafts * Performing arts, music, and dance * Everyday practices rooted in folk heritage Through this campaign, we aim to preserve and promote diverse folk cultures and make them freely accessible to the world. [[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026|Project page on Wikimedia Commons]] ; Host a Local Edition As we celebrate the '''eight edition''' of Wiki Loves Folklore, we warmly invite communities to organize a local edition in their country or region. Hosting a local campaign is a great opportunity to: * Increase visibility of your region’s folk culture * Engage new contributors in your community * Enrich Wikimedia Commons with high-quality cultural content '''[[:c:Commons:Wiki_Loves_Folklore_2026/Organize|Sign up to organize]]:''' If your team prefers to organize the competition in ''either February or March only'', please feel free to let us know. If you are unable to organize, we encourage you to share this opportunity with other interested groups or organizations in your region. ;Get in Touch If you have any questions, need support, or would like to explore collaboration opportunities, please feel free to contact us via: * The project Talk pages * Email: '''support@wikilovesfolklore.org''' We are also happy to connect via an online meeting if your team would like to discuss planning or coordination in more detail. Warm regards, '''The Wiki Loves Folklore International Team''' </div> [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 13:21, 18 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Tiven2240@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery/Wikipedia&oldid=29228188 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-04</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W04"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The tray shown on [[Special:Diff|Special:Diff]] in mobile view has been redesigned. It is now collapsed by default, and incorporates a link to undo the edit being viewed, making it easier for mobile editors and reviewers to take action while keeping the interface uncluttered. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402297] * [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|The Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now automatically determines the text direction (ensuring correct display of sites with unusual domain names) and shows detailed descriptions for log actions. Later this week, a new permanent link for page creations and CSS classes for each entry element will be added. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T412505][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T287929][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262768][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414135] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the previously observed issue in Vector 2022, where anchor link targets were obscured by the sticky header, has now been addressed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406114] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As mentioned in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2025/44|October 2025 deprecation announcement]], MediaWiki Interfaces team will begin sunsetting all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the MediaWiki REST API the week of January 26. Changes are expected to roll out to all wikis on or before January 30th. All API users currently calling them are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. Both endpoint variations can be found, compared, and tested using the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox]. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in Phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * Interactive reference documentation for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia REST API|Wikimedia REST API]] has moved. Requests to API docs previously hosted through [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/RESTBase|RESTBase]] (e.g.: <code dir=ltr>https://en.wikipedia.org/api/rest_v1/</code>) are now redirected to the [[w:en:Special:RestSandbox|REST Sandbox]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|WMF Wikidata Platform team]] (WDP) has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|January 2026 newsletter]]. It includes updates on the legacy full-graph endpoint decommissioning, the User-Agent policy change, the monthly Blazegraph migration office hours, and efforts to reduce regressions caused by the legacy endpoint shutdown. As a reminder, you can [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global message delivery/Targets/WDP team updates|subscribe to the WDP newsletter]]! * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026|Wikimedia Hackathon Northwestern Europe 2026]] will take place on 13-14 March 2026 in Arnhem, the Netherlands. Applications opened mid-December and will close soon or when capacity is reached. It's a two-day, technically oriented hackathon bringing together Wikimedians from the region. Hope to see you there! '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/04|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W04"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:29, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29943403 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Annual review of the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> I am writing to you to let you know the annual review period for the Universal Code of Conduct and Enforcement Guidelines is open now. You can make suggestions for changes through 9 February 2026. This is the first step of several to be taken for the annual review. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Annual review/2026|Read more information and find a conversation to join on the UCoC page on Meta]]. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] (U4C) is a global group dedicated to providing an equitable and consistent implementation of the UCoC. This annual review was planned and implemented by the U4C. For more information and the responsibilities of the U4C, [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Code of Conduct/Coordinating Committee/Charter|you may review the U4C Charter]]. Please share this information with other members in your community wherever else might be appropriate. -- In cooperation with the U4C, [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]])<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> 21:01, 19 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=29905753 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-05</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W05"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia Foundation invites comments on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Year1 Reflections and Proposed Way Forward 2026 Update|proposed future]] of the [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] until 28 February. * All users with registered accounts can now use passkeys for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Two-factor authentication|two-factor authentication]] (2FA). Passkeys are a simple way to log in without using a second device. They verify the user's identity using a fingerprint, face scan, or a PIN code. To set up a passkey, first set up a regular 2FA method. Currently, to log in with a passkey, users must also use a password. Later this quarter, passwordless login will allow users to log in with a single click and a passkey. Users with advanced rights will also be required to have 2FA enabled. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. * Unregistered contributors on blocked IPs or blocked IP ranges can now interact on-wiki to appeal a block by creating a temporary account to appeal a block on the user talk page, unless the "prevent this user from editing their own talk page" is enabled. This solves the problem of logged-out users unable to use the default unblock process via user talk page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398673] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:20}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:20|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) methods description on the management page has been updated. It is now clearer and easier for users to understand and make use of. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T332385] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new AbuseFilter variable, <code>account_type</code>, has been added to provide a reliable way to determine the account type being created in the <code>createaccount</code> and <code>autocreateaccount</code> actions. As part of this change, the variable <code>accountname</code> has been renamed to <code>account_name</code>, and <code>accountname</code> is now deprecated. Edit filter managers should update any filters that use hardcoded account type checks or the deprecated variable. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414049] * Image thumbnails that are requested in non-standard sizes, and using non-standard methods such as direct requests to <code dir=ltr><nowiki>upload.wikimedia.org/…</nowiki></code> will stop working in the near future. This change is to prevent ongoing external abuse by web-scrapers and bots. Some users with custom CSS/JS, Interface Admins who can fix gadgets and local skins, and Tool-authors, will need to update their code to use standard thumbnail sizes. [[phab:T414805|Details, search-links, and examples of how to fix them, are available in the task]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.13|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/05|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W05"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:17, 26 Ianuarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=29969530 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-06</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W06"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The "{{int:pageinfo-toolboxlink}}" feature, which gives validating information about a page ([{{fullurl:{{FULLPAGENAME}}|action=info}} example]), now automatically includes a table of contents. If there is a local [[{{ns:8}}:Pageinfo-header]] page created by individual users, it can now be removed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T363726] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, VisualEditor previously added bold or italic formatting inside link descriptions, making the wikicode complex. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409669] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * There was no XML dump on 20 January. Additionally, from now on, dumps will be generated once per month only. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414389] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team removed support for all transform endpoints containing a trailing slash from the [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/API:REST%20API MediaWiki REST API]. All API users currently calling those endpoints are encouraged to transition to the non-trailing slash versions. If you have questions or encounter any problems, please file a ticket in phabricator to the [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/project/view/6931/ #MW-Interfaces-Team board]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.14|MediaWiki]] '''Weekly highlight''' * Users are reminded that the Wikimedia Foundation has shared some guiding questions for the July 2026–June 2027 Annual Plan on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027/Product & Technology OKRs|Meta]] and ''[[diffblog:2025/12/10/shaping-wikimedia-foundations-2026-2027-annual-goals-key-questions-for-the-wikimedia-movement/|Diff]]''. These focus on global trends, faster and healthier experimentation, better support for newcomers, strengthening editors and advanced users, improving collaboration across projects, and growing and retaining readership. Feedback and ideas are welcome on the [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Annual Plan/2026-2027|talk page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/06|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W06"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:43, 2 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30000986 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-07</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W07"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] Logged-in contributors who manage large or complex watchlists can now organise and filter watched pages in ways that improve their workflows with the new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|Watchlist labels]] feature. By adding custom labels (for example: pages you created, pages being monitored for vandalism, or discussion pages) users can more quickly identify what needs attention, reduce cognitive load, and respond more efficiently. This improves watchlist usability, especially for highly active editors. * A new feature available on [[Special:Contributions|Special:Contributions]] shows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts|temporary accounts]] that are likely operated by the same person, and so makes patrolling less time-consuming. Upon checking contributions of a temporary account, users with access to temporary account IP addresses can now see a view of contributions from the related temporary accounts. The feature looks up all the IPs associated with a given temporary account within the data retention period and shows all the contributions of all temporary accounts that have used these IPs. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Trust and Safety Product/Temporary Accounts#February 2026: Improvements to the patroller tooling|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415674] * When editors preview a wikitext edit, the reminder box that they are only seeing a preview (which is shown at the top), now has a grey/neutral background instead of a yellow/warning background. This makes it easier to distinguish preview notes from actual warnings (for example, edit conflicts or problematic redirect targets), which will now be shown in separate warning or error boxes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414742] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] continues to improve — it now properly supports more than one Wikibase site, for example both [[d:|Wikidata]] and [[testwikidata:|testwikidata]]. In addition, issues regarding text direction have been fixed for users who prefer Wikidata or other Wikibase sites in right-to-left (RTL) languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415440][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415458] * The automatic "magic links" for ISBN, RFC, and PMID numbers have been [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic links|deprecated in wikitext since 2021]] due to inflexibility and difficulties with localization. Several wikis have successfully replaced RFC and PMID magic links with equivalent external links, but a template was often required to replace the functionality of the ISBN magic link. There is now a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Magic words#isbn|built-in parser function]] <code dir=ltr><nowiki>{{#isbn}}</nowiki></code> available to replace the basic functionality of the ISBN magic link. This makes it easier for wikis who wish to migrate off of the deprecated magic link functionality to do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T145604] * Two new wikis have been created: ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q35401|Jju]] ([[w:kaj:|<code>w:kaj:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413283] ** a {{int:project-localized-name-group-wikipedia}} in [[d:Q1186896|Nawat]] ([[w:ppl:|<code>w:ppl:</code>]]) [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413273] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new global user group has been created: [[{{int:grouppage-local-bot}}|{{int:group-local-bot}}]]. It will be used internally by the software to allow community bots to bypass rate limits that are applied to abusive [[w:en:Web scraping|web scrapers]]. Accounts that are approved as bots on at least one Wikimedia wiki will be automatically added to this group. It will not change what user permissions the bot has. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415588] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.15|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference Spring 2026|MediaWiki Users and Developers Conference, Spring 2026]] will be held March 25–27 in Salt Lake City, USA. This event is organized by and for the third-party MediaWiki community. You can propose sessions and register to attend. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/AZBWVI46SDEB65PGR5J6E4TYOQQEZXM7/] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W07"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 23:29, 9 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30026671 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-08</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W08"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Site Reliability Engineering|SRE Team]] will be performing a cleanup of Wikimedia's [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Etherpad|Etherpad]] instance, the web-based editor for real-time collaborative document editing. All pads will be permanently deleted after 30 April, 2026 – if there are still migration projects in progress at that point the team can revisit the date on a case by case basis. Please create local backups of any content you wish to keep, as deleted data cannot be recovered. This cleanup helps reduce database size and minimize infrastructure footprint. Etherpad will continue to support real-time collaboration, but long-term storage should not be expected. Additional cleanups may occur in the future without prior notice. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415237] '''Updates for editors''' * The Information Retrieval team will be launching an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|Android mobile app experiment]] that tests hybrid search capabilities which can handle both semantic and keyword queries. The improvement of on-platform search will enable readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. The experiment will first be launched on Greek Wikipedia in late February, followed by English, French, and Portuguese in March. [https://diff.wikimedia.org/2026/01/08/semantic-search-making-it-easier-to-find-the-information-readers-want/ Read more] on Diff blog. [https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Readers/Information_Retrieval] * The Reader Growth team will run [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/WE3.10.2 Mobile Table of Contents|an experiment]] for mobile web users, that adds a table of contents and automatically expands all article sections, to learn more about navigation issues they face. The test will be available on Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Indonesian, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. * Previously, site notices ([[{{ns:8}}:Sitenotice]] and [[{{ns:8}}:Anonnotice]]) would only render on the desktop site. Now, they will render on all platforms. Users on mobile web will now see these notices and be informed. Site administrators should be prepared to test and fix notices on mobile devices to avoid interference with articles. To opt out, interface admins can add <code dir="ltr">#siteNotice { display: none; }</code> to [[{{ns:8}}:Minerva.css]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T138572][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416644] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:19}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:19|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue on [[Special:RecentChanges|Special:RecentChanges]] has been fixed. Previously, clicking hide in the active filters caused the "view new changes since…" button to disappear, though it should have remained visible. The button now behaves as expected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T406339] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * New documentation is now available to help editors debug on-site search features. It supports troubleshooting when pages do not appear in results, when ranking seems unexpected, and when you need to inspect what content is being indexed, helping make search behavior easier to understand and analyze. [[mw:Help:CirrusSearch/Debug|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T411169] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.16|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/08|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W08"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:16, 16 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30086330 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-09</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W09"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Reference Check|Reference Check]] has been deployed to English Wikipedia, completing its rollout across all Wikipedias. The feature prompts newcomers to add a citation before publishing new content, helping reduce common citation-related reverts and improve verifiability. In A/B testing, the impact was substantial: newcomers shown Reference Check were approximately 2.2 times more likely to include a reference on desktop and about 17.5 times more likely on mobile web. [https://analytics.wikimedia.org/published/reports/editing/reference_check_ab_test_report_final_2025.html] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:InterwikiSorting|InterwikiSorting extension]], which allowed for the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Interwiki sorting order|sorting of interwiki links]], has been undeployed from Wikipedia. As a result, editors who had enabled interwiki link sorting in non-compact mode (full list format) will now see links reordered. The links moving forward will be listed in the alphabetical order of language code. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T253764] * Later this week, people who are editing a page-section using the mobile visual editor, will notice a new "Edit full page" button. When tapped, you will be able to edit the entire article. This helps when the change you want to make is outside the section you initially opened. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T387175][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T409112] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|The Reader Experience team]] is inviting editors to assess whether dark mode should still be considered "beta" on their wiki, based on their experience of how well it functions on desktop and mobile. If the feature is deemed mature, editors can update the interface messages in <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:skin-theme-description</code> and <code dir=ltr>MediaWiki:Vector-night-mode-beta-tag</code> to indicate that dark mode is ready and no longer considered beta. * The improved [[mw:Wikimedia_Apps/Team/iOS/Activity_Tab|Activity tab]] which displays user-insights is now available to all users of the Wikipedia iOS app (version 7.9.0 and later). Following earlier A/B testing that showed higher account creation among users with access to the feature, it has been rolled out to 100% of users along with some updates. The Activity tab now shows your edited articles in the timeline, offers editing impact insights like contribution counts and article view trends, and customization options to improve in-app experience for users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, a bug that prevented [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:DiscussionTools|DiscussionTools]] from working on mobile has now been fixed, restoring full functionality. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415303] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on one page. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] that makes this possible continues to improve. The latest upgrade is the inclusion of a [[mw:Extension:GlobalWatchlist#hook|new hook]], <code dir=ltr>ext.globalwatchlist.rebuild</code>, which fires after each watchlist rebuild. This allows you to run gadgets and user scripts for the Special page. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T275159] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.17|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/09|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W09"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:03, 23 Februarii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30119102 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-10</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W10"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikipedia 25 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments|Birthday mode]] is now live on Betawi, Breton, Chinese, Czech, Dutch, English, French, Gorontalo, Indonesian, Italian, Luxembourgish, Madurese, Sicilian, Spanish, Thai, and Vietnamese Wikipedias! This limited-time campaign feature celebrates 25 years of Wikipedia with a birthday mascot, Baby Globe. When turned on, Baby Globe is shown on [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments/article configuration|~2,500 articles]], waiting to be discovered by readers. Communities can choose to turn Birthday mode on by getting consensus from their community and asking an admin to enable the feature and customize it via [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikipedia 25/Easter egg experiments#Community Configuration Demo|community configuration]] on the local wiki. '''Updates for editors''' * [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new feature to re-use references with different details has been released to Swedish Wikipedia, Polish Wikipedia and [[:phab:T418209|a couple of other wikis]]. You can [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#test|try the feature]] on these projects or on testwiki and [https://en.wikipedia.beta.wmcloud.org/wiki/Sub-referencing betawiki]. Learnings from the first pilot wiki German Wikipedia have been [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing/Learnings|published in a report]]. Reach out to the Wikimedia Deutschland team if you are [[:m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#Pilot wikis|interested in becoming a pilot wiki]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check#Paste check|Paste Check]] will become available at all Wikipedias this week. The feature prompts newcomers who are pasting text they are not likely to have written into VisualEditor to consider whether doing so risks a copyright violation. Paste Check [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Tags|tags]] all edits where it is shown for potential review. Local administrators can configure various aspects of the feature via [[{{#special:EditChecks}}]]. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Paste Check#A/B Experiment|Research]] across 22 wikis found that Paste Check resulted in an 18% decrease in relative reverted-edits compared to the control group. Translators can [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-visualeditor-ve-mw-editcheck&filter=&optional=1&action=translate help to localize] this and related features. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] will be standardizing the user menu in the top right for all mobile users so that it is closer to the desktop experience. Currently this user menu is only visible to users with Advanced Mobile Controls (AMC) turned on. The only change is that a couple buttons previously in the left-side menu will move to the top right for users who do not have AMC turned on. This change is expected to go out March 9 and seeks to improve the user interface. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413912] * Starting in the week of March 2, the emails sent out when an email address was added, removed, or changed for an account will switch to a substantially nicer and clearer HTML email from the prior plaintext one. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T410807] * Notifications are currently limited to 2,000 historic entries per user, and extend back to 2013 when the feature was released. This is going to be changed to only store Notifications from the last 5 years, but up to 10,000 of them. This will help with long-term infrastructure health and help to prevent more recent notifications from disappearing too soon. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]] which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page continues to see improvements. The latest update improves label usage experience. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:GlobalWatchlist|extension]] now allows activating the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Language#Fallback languages|language fallback system]] for Wikidata items without labels in the viewed language, and showing those labels in the user’s preferred Wikidata language if no <code dir=ltr>uselang=</code> URL parameter is provided. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373686][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416111] * The Wikipedia Android team has started a beta test of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Information Retrieval/Phase 1|hybrid search]] on Greek Wikipedia. Hybrid search capabilities can handle both semantic and keyword queries enabling readers to find what they’re looking for directly on Wikipedia more easily. * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Currently, 2FA is required to use the group, but not to be a member of it. Given that this model still has some vulnerabilities, the situation will [[phab:T418580|gradually change in March]]. Members of these groups will be unable to disable last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the second half of March, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. This applies to: CentralNotice administrators, checkusers, interface administrators, suppressors, Wikidata staff, Wikifunctions staff, WMF Office IT and WMF Trust & Safety. Nothing will change for other users. See the linked task for deployment schedule. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418580] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue preventing users from creating an instance in [https://www.wikibase.cloud/ Wikibase.cloud] has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416807] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], over the next month the Wikimedia Foundation will implement global API rate limits across our APIs. In early March, stricter limits will be applied to unidentified requests from outside Toolforge/WMCS and API requests that are made from web browsers. In April, higher limits will be applied to identified traffic. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The Wikidata Query Service Linked Data Fragment (LDF) endpoint will be decommissioned in February. This endpoint served limited traffic, which was successfully migrated to other data access methods that were better suited to support existing use cases. The hardware used to support the LDF endpoint will be reallocated to support the ongoing backend migration efforts. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415696] * The new Parsoid parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], improving platform sustainability and making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. Parsoid is now the default parser on 488 WMF wikis (268 Wikipedias), now covering more than 10% of all Wikipedia page views. * The process and criteria for [[Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Enterprise#Access|requesting exceptional access]] to the high volume feed of the ''Wikimedia Enterprise'' APIs (at no cost for mission-aligned usecases), [[m:Talk:Wikimedia Enterprise#Exceptional access criteria|have now been published]]. This is to provide more thorough and clearer documentation for users. * [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/ Tech Blog], the blog dedicated to the Wikimedia technical community [https://techblog.wikimedia.org/2026/02/24/a-tech-blog-diff/ will be migrating] to [[diffblog:|Diff]], the community news and event blog. The migration should be complete in April 2026, after which new posts will be accepted for publishing. Readers will be able to access posts – old and new – on the landing page at https://diff.wikimedia.org/techblog. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.18|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/10|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W10"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 17:51, 2 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30137798 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-11</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W11"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. * Last week, all wikis had 2 hours of read-only time, and extended unavailability for user-scripts and gadgets. This was due to a security incident which has since been resolved. Work is ongoing to prevent re-occurrences. For current information please see the [[m:Steward's noticeboard#Statement on Meta about today's user script security incident|post on the Stewards' noticeboard]] ([[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Product and Technology/Product Safety and Integrity/March 2026 User Script Incident|translations]]). '''Updates for editors''' * Users facing multiple blocks on mobile will now see the reasons for each block separately, instead of a generic message. This helps them understand why they are blocked and what steps they can take to resolve the issue. For example, users affected for using common VPNs (such as [[Special:MyLanguage/Apple iCloud Private Relay|iCloud Private Relay]]) will receive clearer guidance on what they need to do to start editing again. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T357118] * Later this week, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] will become available as a beta feature within the visual editor at all Wikipedias. This feature proactively suggests various types of actions that people can consider taking to improve Wikipedia articles, and learn about related guidelines. The feature is locally configurable, and can also be locally expanded with custom Suggestions. Current settings can be seen at [[Special:EditChecks]] and there are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators %E2%80%93 local customization|instructions for how administrators can customize]] the links to point to local guidelines. The feature is connected to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Edit check|Edit check]] which suggests improvements while someone is writing new content. In the future, the Editing team plans to evaluate the feature's impact with newcomers through a controlled experiment. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T404600] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where the cursor became misaligned during the use of CodeMirror’s syntax highlighting, which makes wikitext and code easier to read, has now been fixed. This problem specifically affected users who defined a font rule in a custom stylesheet while creating a new topic with DiscussionTools. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418793] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * API rate limiting update: To help ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]], global API rate limits will be applied this week to requests without a compliant User-Agent that originate from outside Toolforge/WMCS and to unauthenticated requests made from web browsers. Higher limits will be applied to identified traffic in April. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]]. * The new GraphQL API has been released. The API was developed as a flexible alternative to select features of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS), to improve developer experience and foster adaptability, and efficient data access. Try it out and [[d:Wikidata:Wikibase GraphQL#Feedback and development|give feedback]]. You can also [https://greatquestion.co/wikimediadeutschland/GraphQLAPI/apply sign up for usability tests]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group|PTAC Unsupported Tools Working Group]] continued improvements to [[commons:Special:MyLanguage/Commons:Video2commons#|Video2Commons]] in February, with fixes addressing authentication errors, large-file handling, task queue visibility, and clearer upload behavior. Work is still ongoing in some areas, including changes related to deprecated server-side uploads. Read [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/Unsupported Tools Working Group#February 2026|this update]] to learn more. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.19|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Article Guidance team invites experienced Wikipedia editors from selected [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators#Collaborators|pilot wikis]] and interested contributors from other Wikipedias to fill out this questionnaire which is available in [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfmLeVWnxmsCbPoI_UF2jyRcn73WRGWCVPHzerXb4Cz97X_Ag/viewform English], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSd6rzr4XXQw8r4024fE3geTPFe13M_6w7Mitj-YJi0sOlWTAw/viewform?usp=header Arabic], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSdok3-RfB18lcugYTUMGkpwmqG_8p760Wv4dCXitOXOszjUDw/viewform?usp=header Bengali], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSfjTfYp4jEo0akA4B1e-Nfg3QZPCudUjhJzHzzDi6AHyAaMGA/viewform?usp=header Japanese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScteVoI29Aue4xc72dekk-6RYtvmMgQxzMI900UOawrFrSTWg/viewform?usp=header Portuguese], [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSetdxnYwL3ub2vqA7awCg5hJZPMIYcDPaiTe12rY9h0GYnVlw/viewform?usp=header Persian], and [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLScNvfJF-Ot-4pzA4qAN771_0QDJ4Li19YcUsaTgSKW8Nc7U_Q/viewform?usp=header Turkish]. Your answers will help the team customize guidance for less experienced editors and help them learn community policies and practices while creating an article. Learn more [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|on the project page]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/11|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W11"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:52, 9 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30213008 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-12</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W12"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature, also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], has been used for wikitext syntax highlighting since November 2024. It will be promoted out of beta by May 2026 in order to bring improvements and new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Features|features]] to all editors who use the standard syntax highlighter. If you have any questions or concerns about promoting the feature out of beta, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|please share]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * Some changes to local user groups are performed by stewards on Meta-Wiki and logged there only. Now, interwiki rights changes will be logged both on Meta-Wiki and the wiki of the target user to make it easier to access a full record of user's rights changes on a local wiki. Past log entries for such changes will be backfilled in the coming weeks. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T6055] * On wikis using [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Flagged Revisions|Flagged Revisions]], the number of pending changes shown on [[{{#Special:PendingChanges}}]] previously counted pages which were no longer pending review, because they have been removed from the system without being reviewed, e.g. due to being deleted, moved to a different namespace, or due to wiki configuration changes. The count will be correct now. On some wikis the number shown will be much smaller than before. There should be no change to the list of pages itself. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T413016] * Wikifunctions composition language has been rewritten, resulting in a new version of the language. This change aims to increase service stability by reducing the orchestrator's memory consumption. This rewrite also enables substantial latency reduction, code simplification, and better abstractions, which will open the door to later feature additions. Read more about [[f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-11|the changes]]. * Users can now sort search results alphabetically by page title. The update gives an additional option to finding pages more easily and quickly. Previously, results could be sorted by Edit date, Creation date, or Relevance. To use the new option, open 'Advanced Search' on the search results page and select 'Alphabetically' under 'Sorting Order'. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T403775] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:28}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:28|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented UploadWizard on Wikimedia Commons from importing files from Flickr has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419263] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * A new special page, [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}]], has been created to list transcluded pages that are flagged as containing lint errors to help users discover them easily. The list is sorted by the number of transclusions with errors. For example: [[{{#special:LintTemplateErrors}}/night-mode-unaware-background-color]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T170874] * Users of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature have been using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages, for some time now. Along with promoting CodeMirror 6 out of beta, the plan is to replace CodeEditor as the standard editor for these content models by May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help talk:Extension:CodeMirror|Feedback or concerns are welcome]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] JavaScript modules will soon be upgraded to CodeMirror 6. Leading up to the upgrade, loading the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror</code> or <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.lib</code> modules from gadgets and user scripts was deprecated in July 2025. The use of the <code dir=ltr>ext.CodeMirror.switch</code> hook was also deprecated in March 2025. Contributors can now make their scripts or gadgets compatible with CodeMirror 6. See the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror#Gadgets and user scripts|migration guide]] for more information. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T373720] * The MediaWiki Interfaces team is expanding coverage of REST API module definitions to include [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:REST API/Extensions|extension APIs]]. REST API modules are groups of related endpoints that can be independently managed and versioned. Modules now exist for [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T414470 GrowthExperiments] and [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419053 Wikifunctions] APIs. As we migrate extension APIs to this structure, documentation will move out of the main MediaWiki OpenAPI spec and REST Sandbox view, and will instead be accessible via module-specific options in the dropdown on the [https://test.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:RestSandbox REST Sandbox] (i.e., [[{{#Special:RestSandbox}}]], available on all wiki projects). * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto|Scribunto]] extension provides different pieces of information about the wiki where the module is being used via the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual|mw.site]] library. Starting last week, the library also provides a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Scribunto/Lua reference manual#mw.site.wikiId|way]] of accessing the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Manual:Wiki ID|wiki ID]] that can be used to facilitate cross-wiki module maintenance. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T146616] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.20|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Coolest Tool Award|2026 Coolest Tool Award]] celebrating outstanding community tools, is now open for nominations! Nominate your favorite tool using the [https://wikimediafoundation.limesurvey.net/435684?lang=en nomination survey] form by 23 March 2026. For more information on privacy and data handling, please see the [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Coolest_Tool_Award_2026_Survey_Privacy_Statement|survey privacy statement]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/12|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W12"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:35, 16 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30260505 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-13</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W13"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia site users can now log in without a password using passkeys. This is a secure method supported by fingerprint, facial recognition, or PIN. With this change, all users who opt for passwordless login will find it easier, faster, and more secure to log in to their accounts using any device. The new passkey login option currently appears as an autofill suggestion in the username field. An additional [[phab:T417120|"Log in with passkey" button]] will soon be available for users who have already registered a passkey. This update will improve security and user experience. The [[c:File:Passwordless_login_screencast.webm|screen recording]] demonstrates the passwordless login process step by step. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/Server switch|All wikis will be read-only]] for a few minutes on Wednesday, 25 March 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1774450800 15:00 UTC]. This is for the datacenter server switchover backup tests, [[wikitech:Deployments/Yearly calendar|which happen twice a year]]. During the switchover, all Wikimedia website traffic is shifted from one primary data center to the backup data center to test availability and prevent service disruption even in emergencies. '''Updates for editors''' * Wikimedia site users can now export their notifications older than 5 years using a [[toolforge:echo-chamber|new Toolforge tool]]. This will ensure that users retain their important notifications and avoid them being lost based on the planned change to delete notifications older than 5 years, as previously announced. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T383948] * Wikipedia editors in Indonesian, Thai, Turkish, and Simple English now have access to Special:PersonalDashboard. This is an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Moderator Tools/Dashboard|early version of an experience]] that introduces newer editors to patrolling workflows, making it easier for them to move from making edits to participating in more advanced moderation work on their project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402647] * The [[Special:Block]] now has two minor interface changes. Administrators can now easily perform indefinite blocks through a dedicated radio button in the expiry section. Also, choosing an indefinite expiry provides a different set of common reasons to select from, which can be changed at: [[MediaWiki:Ipbreason-indef-dropdown]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T401823] * Mobile editors [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#Logged-out|at several wikis]] can now see an improved logged-out edit warning, thanks to the recent updates from the Growth team. These changes released last week are part of ongoing efforts and tests to enhance [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|account creation experience on mobile]] and then increase participation. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T408484] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:36}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:36|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the bug that prevented mobile web users from seeing the block information when affected by multiple blocks has been fixed. They can now see messages of all the blocks currently affecting them when they access Wikipedia. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Images built using Toolforge will soon get the upgraded buildpacks version, bringing support for newer language versions and other upstream improvements and fixes. If you use Toolforge Build Service, review the recent [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/cloud-announce@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/EMYTA32EV2V5SQ2JIEOD2CL66YFIZEKV/ cloud-announce email] and update your build configuration as necessary to ensure your tools are compatible. [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Help:Toolforge/Building_container_images&oldid=2392097#Buildpack_environment_upgrade_process][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T380127] * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal] documentation wiki will shut down in June 2026. API keys created on the API Portal will continue to work normally. api.wikimedia.org endpoints will be deprecated gradually starting in July 2026. Documentation on the API Portal is moving to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.21|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] is considering improvements to [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names|automatically generated reference names in VisualEditor]]. Please check out the [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Proposed solutions|proposed solutions]] and participate in the [[m:Talk:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/VisualEditor automatic reference names#Request for comment|request for comment]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/13|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W13"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:50, 23 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30268305 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-14</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W14"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Beta version of [[abstract:|Abstract Wikipedia]] a new Wikimedia project which is language-independent, was launched last week. The project allows communities to build Wikipedia articles in their native language, which can be readily accessed by other users in their own languages. The wiki is powered by instructions from Wikifunctions and also based on structured content from Wikidata. [[:f:Special:MyLanguage/Wikifunctions:Status updates/2026-03-26|Read more]]. '''Updates for editors''' * The Growth team is running an A/B test to evaluate a clearer, more user-friendly message that promotes account creation on wikis. Currently when logged-out mobile users begin editing, they see a jarring warning message that can feel abrupt and discouraging. This also presents temporary account editing as the default rather than encouraging account creation. The test is running on ten Wikipedias, including Arabic, French, Spanish and German. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#2. Improve logged-out warning message (T415160)|Read more]]. * The Wikimedia Apps team is inviting feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Future of Editing on the Mobile Apps|how editing should work on the Wikipedia mobile apps]]. The discussion focuses on improving how users access editing tools when they tap "Edit". This is part of a broader effort to convert readers who develop an interest in editing, to access a more user-friendly pathway to start contributing. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:45}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:45|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where citation fetching from the large newspaper archive [https://www.newspapers.com Newspapers.com] was no longer working, due to a block in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Citoid|Citoid]] requests, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419903] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.22|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/14|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W14"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:25, 30 Martii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30329462 --> == Join the sixth Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia! == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> [[File:Ukraine’s Cultural Diplomacy Month on Wikipedia 2026.png|right|250px|thumb|link=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%27s_Cultural_Diplomacy_Month_2026|Join our campaign!]] {{int:please-translate}} Dear Wikipedians! [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Ukraine|Wikimedia Ukraine]], in cooperation with the [[:en:Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine|MFA of Ukraine]] and [[:en:Ukrainian Institute|Ukrainian Institute]], has launched the sixth edition of writing challenge "'''[[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month]]'''", which lasts from '''1st April''' until '''30th April 2026'''. The initiative aims to promote knowledge about Ukrainian culture abroad by creating and improving Wikipedia articles in multiple languages. This year marks the sixth edition of the campaign, which will focus on contemporary culture, making today’s artistic voices and practices more visible to international audiences. 🧩'''How to participate?''' Choose an article from the suggested list → Write an article in your language, or improve an existing one according to the rules → Add your contribution to the contest page and calculate your points → Win prizes and receive a certificate of participation → Become a promoter of truthful knowledge about Ukraine. 🧩'''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|Check our main page for more information]]'''. '''If you are interested in coordinating long-term community engagement for the campaign and becoming a local ambassador, we would love to hear from you! Please let us know your interest.''' If not, then we encourage you to translate the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|landing page of the contest]] and [https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MessageGroupStats?group=Centralnotice-tgroup-UCDM2026banner&messages=&language=en&x=D banner] into your own language. Also, we set up a [[:m:CentralNotice/Request/Ukraine's Cultural Diplomacy Month 2026|banner]] to notify users of the possibility to participate in this challenge! [[:m:User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)]] ([[:m:User talk:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)|talk]]) 04:35, 1 April 2026 (UTC) </div> <!-- Message sent by User:OlesiaLukaniuk (WMUA)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:OlesiaLukaniuk_(WMUA)/list_of_wikis&oldid=28552112 --> == Action Required: Update templates/modules for electoral maps (Migrating from P1846 to P14226) == Hello everyone, This is a notice regarding an ongoing data migration on Wikidata that may affect your election-related templates and Lua modules (such as <code>Module:Itemgroup/list</code>). '''The Change:'''<br /> Currently, many templates pull electoral maps from Wikidata using the property [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]], combined with the qualifier [[:d:Property:P180|P180]]: [[:d:Q19571328|Q19571328]]. We are migrating this data (across roughly 4,000 items) to a newly created, dedicated property: '''[[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]]'''. '''What You Need To Do:'''<br /> To ensure your templates and infoboxes do not break or lose their maps, please update your local code to fetch data from [[:d:Property:P14226|P14226]] instead of the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] + [[:d:Property:P180|P180]] structure. A [[m:Wikidata/Property Migration: P1846 to P14226/List|list of pages]] was generated using Wikimedia Global Search. '''Deadline:'''<br /> We are temporarily retaining the old data on [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] to allow for a smooth transition. However, to complete the data cleanup on Wikidata, the old [[:d:Property:P1846|P1846]] statements will be removed after '''May 1, 2026'''. Please update your modules and templates before this date to prevent any disruption to your wiki's election articles. Let us know if you have any questions or need assistance with the query logic. Thank you for your help! [[User:ZI Jony|ZI Jony]] using [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 17:11, 3 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:ZI Jony@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Non-Technical_Village_Pumps_distribution_list&oldid=29941252 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-15</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W15"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents|CampaignEvents extension]] now includes a new group goal-setting feature, enabling organizers to set and track event goals such as the number of articles created and participating contributors in real time. Similarly, participants can work toward shared targets and see their collective impact as the event unfolds. The feature is now available on all Wikimedia wikis. Learn more in [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CampaignEvents/Registration/Collaborative contributions#Goal setting|the documentation]]. * [[File:Maki-gift-15.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Wishlist item]] The new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Watchlist labels|watchlist labels]] feature (announced in [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/07|Tech News 2026-07]]) is now available via VisualEditor, the source editor, and the 'watchstar' (or watch link, for skins that don't have a star icon). Previously it was only possible to assign labels via [[Special:EditWatchlist|EditWatchlist]]. In all three places it is a new field following the expiry field. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:23}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:23|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where talk pages on mobile with Parsoid are unusable after empty section headers, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|sub-referencing feature]], which lets editors add details to an existing reference without duplicating it, will be gradually rolled out to [[phab:T414094|more wikis]] later this year. Wikis using the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]] gadget are encouraged to update their version (typically at [[m:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js|MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js]] as shown [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?diff=1344408362 here]) to ensure compatibility. Other reference-related gadgets may also be affected. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416304] * All Wikinews editions will be closed and switched to read-only mode on 4 May 2026. Content will remain accessible, but no new edits or articles can be added. This closure was approved by the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation following extended discussions. [[m:Wikimedia Foundation Board noticeboard#Board of Trustees Approves Closure of Wikinews|Read more]]. * The [[:mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Action API|Action API]] has had several formats for requested output. One of them, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>format=php</nowiki></code></bdi>, is being removed soon. Please ensure your scripts or bots use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/API:Data formats#Output|JSON format]]. This removal should affect very few scripts and bots. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T118538] * The [[Special:NamespaceInfo|Special:NamespaceInfo]] page now includes namespace aliases. For example "WP" for the "Project" ("Wikipedia") namespace on the German Wikipedia. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T381455] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.23|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/15|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W15"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:18, 6 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30362761 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-16</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W16"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Experienced editors are invited to [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Main_Page test] the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature, designed to help less-experienced editors create well-structured, policy-compliant Wikipedia articles. Testing instructions are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide|available]]. Also, after reviewing [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance the outlines], please provide feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Article guidance|project talk page]]. Based on your input, the feature will be refined and transferred to the pilot Wikipedias to translate and adapt. Check out [[c:File:Article Guidance workflow demo - April 2026.webm|the video]] explaining the feature. '''Updates for editors''' * On most wikis, all autoconfirmed users can now use [[Special:ChangeContentModel|Special:ChangeContentModel]] page to [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:ChangeContentModel|create new pages with custom content models]], such as mass message lists, making custom page formats more accessible. Check [[Special:ListGroupRights|Special:ListGroupRights]] for the status of your wiki. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T248294] * The Growth team has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account_Creation_Experiments|account creation experiment]] to evaluate whether adding an account creation button to the mobile web header increases new account registrations and encourages more mobile users to contribute to the wikis. The experiment is currently live on Hindi, Indonesian, Bengali, Thai, and Hebrew Wikipedia, and targets 10% of logged-out mobile web users. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where VisualEditor could get stuck loading on Windows devices with animations turned off, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T382856] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting later this week, {{int:group-abusefilter}} who have the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]] beta feature enabled will have [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] as the editor at [[Special:AbuseFilter|Special:AbuseFilter]]. This is part of the broader effort to make the user experience more consistent across all editors. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T399673][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * Tools and bots that access the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Notifications/API|Notifications API]] (<bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>action=query&meta=notifications</nowiki></code></bdi>) will need to update their OAuth or BotPassword grants to also include access to private notifications. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421991] * Due to a library upgrade, listings on category pages may be displayed out of order starting on Monday, 20th April. A migration script will be run to correct this, and will take hours to days depending on the size of the wiki (up to a week for English Wikipedia). [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T422544] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.24|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/16|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W16"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 15:18, 13 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30380527 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-17</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W17"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * After two years of development, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|{{int:codemirror-beta-feature-title}}]], also known as [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror 6]], is to be promoted out of beta on Tuesday, April 21. It brings better code and wikitext readability, reduction in typing errors, and other [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|benefits]] to all users of the standard syntax highlighter. A huge thank you to volunteer [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/p/Bhsd/ Bhsd] who developed many of the new features, including [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Code folding|code folding]], [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Autocompletion|autocompletion]], and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror#Linting|linting]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T259059] * A major update to the Wikipedia app for iOS is now rolling out, redesigning the interface to align with Apple's latest "Liquid Glass" visual design. [https://apps.apple.com/us/app/wikipedia/id324715238 Download the latest version] and explore the update. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading lists]] is a feature which allows readers to save articles to a list for reading later. This feature is now in beta on Arabic, French, Indonesian, Vietnamese, and Chinese Wikipedias and by default for all new accounts on all Wikipedias. * An experiment which explores extending [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews|Page Previews to mobile web]] will be launched in the week of April 20 on Arabic, English, French, Italian, Polish, and Vietnamese Wikipedias. Page Previews are pop-ups that display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and a link to open the full article of a blue link, thereby improving content discovery. The feature is already available on desktop and in the apps. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/List of experiments in Product and Technology#Template|Read more about this experiment and others]]. * On several wikis, logged-in editors who haven't [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email confirmation|confirmed their email addresses]] can now see a banner encouraging them to do so. Having the email address confirmed allows a user to restore access to the account if they lose it. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security#Encouraging users to confirm their email addresses|Learn more]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T421366] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:15}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:15|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where editing very large wiki pages in the 2017 wikitext editor caused slow loading, preview and scrolling lag, and performance issues when selecting, cutting, or pasting content, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T184857] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As part of the promotion of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] from a beta feature, all users will use [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeMirror|CodeMirror]] instead of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:CodeEditor|CodeEditor]] for syntax highlighting when editing JavaScript, CSS, JSON, Vue and Lua content pages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T419332] * The <code>mirrors.wikimedia.org</code> service for Debian and Ubuntu users will sunset and stop working on May 15. The resources for the service will be replaced with new and better options. Some users may need to switch to a different server which should take about a minute. [https://lists.wikimedia.org/hyperkitty/list/wikitech-l@lists.wikimedia.org/thread/LJYRIS4WB66HIRCAO4GIDTXCMDVZRBMA/ You can read more]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416707] * The <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> table will be removed from [[wikitech:Help:Wiki Replicas|wikireplicas]]. If your tools or queries access <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>image</nowiki></code></bdi> or <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>oldimage</nowiki></code></bdi> directly, please update them to use the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>file</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>filerevision</nowiki></code></bdi> table before 28 May. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T28741] * Following the recent implementation of global API rate limits on unidentified traffic, the Wikimedia Foundation will continue efforts to ensure [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]] by applying global limits to identified API traffic beginning the last week of April. These limits are intentionally set as high as possible to minimise impact on the community. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Attribution API|Attribution API]] is now available as a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Stability policy|beta]]. The API fetches information for crediting Wikimedia articles and media files wherever they are used. Reference documentation is available through the REST Sandbox special page available on all Wikimedia wikis (such as the [https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?api=attribution.v0-beta&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST sandbox on English Wikipedia]). Share your feedback on the [[mw:Talk:Attribution API|project talk page]]. * There is no new MediaWiki version this week. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/17|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W17"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 14:59, 20 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30432763 --> == Request for comment (global AI policy) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies for writing in English. {{int:Please-translate}} A [[:m:Requests for comment/Artificial intelligence policy|request for comment]] is currently being held to decide on a global AI policy. {{int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[Usor:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]] ([[Disputatio Usoris:MediaWiki message delivery|disputatio]]) 00:58, 26 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30424282 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-18</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W18"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * There is a change in how new users are autoconfirmed that will improve anti-vandalism protection. Currently, users who have had an account for a few days and made a few edits are automatically added to the [[{{int:grouppage-autoconfirmed/{{CONTENTLANGUAGE}}}}|{{int:group-autoconfirmed}}]] group. This configuration tends to be exploited by some vandals, who create accounts and start to use them only after some time. To mitigate this, the configuration will be updated next week so that – for the purpose of becoming autoconfirmed – the account age will be counted from their first edit, instead of registration date. The numeric value of the age threshold will remain the same. This change will be deployed only to wikis which require at least one edit as part of the autoconfirmation conditions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418484] * All Wikipedia users with new accounts and those who activated the "automatically enable most beta features" option in their preference can now use the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|reading lists]] beta feature to save articles for later reading. This helps organize reading interests in one place for convenient access. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the issue where infobox images have huge padding in Firefox, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423676] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * As a reminder, the global API rate limits will be applied this week to identified API traffic. This is to help ensure [[mw:MediaWiki Product Insights/Responsible Reuse|fair use of infrastructure]]. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki should not be affected for now. However, all developers are advised to follow updated best practices. For more information, including the actual rate limits, see [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits]] and [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits/FAQ|Frequently Asked Questions]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.26|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/18|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W18"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 18:05, 27 Aprilis 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30458046 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-19</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W19"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] team invites experienced editors of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Pilot wikis and collaborators|pilot Wikipedias]]—Arabic, Bangla, Japanese, Portuguese, Persian, Turkish, Simple English, Spanish, and French—to help translate and adapt [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Category:Pages_using_article_guidance sample outlines]. These outlines will guide editors in creating clear, well-structured, and policy-compliant articles when using [https://b24e11a4f1.catalyst.wmcloud.org/wiki/Special:NewArticle the feature] once it is launched in May 2026. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|Simple instructions]] on how to translate and adapt the outlines are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council|Product and Technology Advisory Council]] has published [[:m:Special:MyLanguage/Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|draft recommendations]] on a model that affiliates can follow when contributing to the technical space. Community members are invited to provide feedback on the recommendation until May 8th [[:m:Talk:Product and Technology Advisory Council/May 2026 draft PTAC recommendation for feedback|on the talk page]]. * The number of available thumbnail size preferences in MediaWiki is being reduced to three standardized options—Small (180px), Regular (250px), and Large (400px), as part of ongoing efforts to improve performance and reduce strain on thumbnail services. As a result, existing preferences will be mapped to the nearest new size (for example, smaller selections like 120px or 150px will render at 180px, while larger ones like 300px or 360px will render at 400px). The preferences interface will soon be updated to reflect these changes, and users who wish to opt out or provide feedback can do so. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424909] * From now on, even when a permission expires automatically, users will receive an Echo notification similar to the standard notification for permission changes. There is a difference between this and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Global reminder bot|Global reminder bot]] in that the latter reminds users a week ''before'' the rights are due to expire, so that they can renew the rights. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, the problem where the ULS language selector in [[m:Special:Translate|Special:Translate]] would scroll vertically when it shouldn't, has been resolved. Previously, when users opened the "Translate to English" dropdown and typed certain inputs, the dialog would scroll vertically by a few pixels even when there was enough space to display all results. The dropdown no longer shifts unnecessarily when filtering languages. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T358864] * The [[m:Special:GlobalWatchlist|Global Watchlist]], which lets you view your watchlists from multiple wikis on a single page, continues to improve. For example, watchlists for Wikibase sites such as [[:d:|Wikidata]] now support [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:EntitySchema|EntitySchema]] elements for better tracking. The Live Updates mode now refreshes the special page every 60 seconds to comply with the updated [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] for improved real-time responsiveness. Additionally, a directionality bug that displayed links as "changes 3" instead of "3 changes" in mixed-direction lists has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T415450][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424422][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418091] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The second phase of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|global API rate limits]] has been rolled out to reduce the [[diffblog:2026/03/26/quo-vadis-crawlers-progress-and-whats-next-on-safeguarding-our-infrastructure/|impact of AI crawlers]] and ensure fair, sustainable access to Wikimedia resources, prioritising human and mission-aligned traffic. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits#Limits|Limits]] have been shifted from per-hour to per-minute, producing smoother traffic patterns and more predictable API load. Community users are not expected to be affected, and no action is required. Early indications show some User-Agent-based requestors are adjusting behaviour, and around 64% of automated API traffic has been identified. Monitoring continues, and Wikimedia Enterprise remains available for commercial support. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.46/wmf.27|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/19|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W19"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:42, 4 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30498077 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-20</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W20"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Community Tech has published [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/How to write a good wish|new guidance]] explaining how wishes on Community Wishlist are triaged and prioritized. The documentation is intended to help contributors write stronger proposals by clarifying the factors that influence prioritization decisions. Beyond vote counts, the guidance highlights considerations such as potential impact on the community when determining which wishes move forward. '''Updates for editors''' * The Reader Growth team is launching an experiment to test a new [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader_Growth/Share_Card|Share Card feature]] that allows readers to create visually engaging cards from Wikipedia articles or selected article sections and share them online, with each card linking back to the original article to help expand readership and article discovery. The mobile-only A/B test will be available to a portion of readers on Arabic, Chinese, French, Vietnamese, and English Wikipedia to better understand reading and sharing habits, and is scheduled to begin the week of May 18 and run for four weeks. * The Android and iOS Wikipedia apps recently released the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/25th_Birthday_Reading_Challenge|25-day reading challenge]] into Beta, as part of efforts to drive reader engagement by encouraging users to complete reading milestones. To track their reading streak during the challenge, App users can add a widget featuring Baby Globe to their home screen. The challenge officially begins May 11. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:17}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:17|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the global preference for enabling syntax highlighting in wikitext could unexpectedly disable itself after being turned on, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425286] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Octicons-tools.svg|12px|link=|alt=|Advanced item]] The ResourceLoader module <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mediawiki.ui.input</nowiki></code></bdi>, deprecated since [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2023/39|September 2023]], will be removed this week. There is a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Migrating_from_MediaWiki_UI|guide for migrating from MediaWiki UI to Codex]] for any tools that use it. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T420125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.2|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/20|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W20"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 19:20, 11 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30524429 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-21</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W21"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The Abstract Wikipedia team has identified five potential pilot wikis to assess their interest in adopting abstract articles on their wikis. The pilots are Malayalam, Bengali, Dagbani, Arabic, and Indonesian Wikipedia. The feedback period will be open until May 22. If your community is interested in becoming a pilot, [[m:Talk:Abstract Wikipedia|let us know on Meta]]. '''Updates for editors''' * An experiment to show [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|Reading Lists]] to logged-out readers on mobile web will launch on May 18 across German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu Wikipedias, and will run for one month. The effort supports broader goals of helping readers save and organize articles for later reading, while encouraging habits that could lead to future Wikipedia contributions. * To support a bookmark button in the Reading List beta feature, the "Tools > Action" menu has been updated to display icons, including the watch star indicator that helps editors identify temporarily watched articles. The icons now also match those used on mobile, improving consistency across platforms. The change is currently limited to the actions menu and mainly affects editors with privileged user rights. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T426008] * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] was released as an [[w:en:A/B test|A/B test]] for newcomer editors on the mobile website at [[phab:T421189|~15 Wikipedias]]. The experiment will measure the impact that Suggestion Mode has on the proportion of newcomer mobile web edit sessions that result in constructive (un-reverted) article edits. The experiment will also evaluate the feature's impact on editor retention, and monitor changes in revert and block rates. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue in the Wikipedia Android app where images could sometimes fail to load after opening a recommended reading list notification, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T418231] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata Platform|Wikidata Platform team]] has published its [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/Backend Replacement|backend replacement recommendation]] and accompanying [[wikitech:Wikidata Query Service/WDQS Architecture re-design|technical architecture]] for the migration of the Wikidata Query Service (WDQS) away from Blazegraph. Feedback is invited until May 25th 2026, especially on potential gaps and impacts on advanced use cases. Wikidata community members and WDQS users are also encouraged to help identify high-impact tools and workflows that may need attention on [[d:Wikidata:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update/High-Impact Use Cases|this page]]. Feedback can be shared on the [[d:Wikidata talk:SPARQL query service/WDQS backend update|Migration talk page]] or during the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Blazegraph Migration Office Hours|next office hour]]. See the [[d:Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Wikidata Platform team/Newsletter|WDP team newsletter]] for more details. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.3|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * On English, French, Japanese, and a few other Wikipedias, there was a [[diffblog:2025/09/02/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha/|trial of hCaptcha]], a third-party bot detection service. The trial showed that hCaptcha effectively detects and deters some bad-faith automated activity, on its own and by giving [[w:en:Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)/Archive 225#Introducing SuggestedInvestigations|checkusers and stewards]] signals to look into. Because the results were positive, hCaptcha will be rolled out across all wikis over the next few weeks. [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Anti-abuse signals/hCaptcha|See the hCaptcha project page]] for technical information about the implementation and privacy protections. [[diffblog:2026/05/04/better-detecting-bots-and-replacing-our-captcha-part-2/|Learn more]]. * The latest Community Tech update is now available, with progress across several Community Wishlist initiatives, including Reading Lists expansion from the mobile app to the website, new language support for "Who Wrote That" and the Personal Dashboard, improvements to 3D rendering and Charts, and upcoming work on talk page sorting, audio playback, and editing workflows. The update also shares current priorities, wishlist status trends, and opportunities for community feedback on future focus areas and the Wikimedia Foundation’s 2026–2027 Annual Plan. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 13, 2026: Latest updates from the Community Tech team|Read the full newsletter for details]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/21|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W21"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 20:21, 18 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30539262 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-22</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W22"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Following a [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments#LOWM|successful account creation experiment]], an improved logged-out edit warning message will be deployed to all Wikimedia wikis in the first week of June. The change will only affect logged-out users on mobile web who open an editing session. The updated experience is designed to encourage account creation more clearly, while still allowing users to edit with temporary accounts. Results from the experiment showed a significant increase in account creation, with a 27% relative lift among users shown the updated message. As expected, as more people funnel into account creation, temporary accounts decreased by a relative 16%. The experiment did not show any significant changes in constructive edit rates or other monitored contributor metrics. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424595] '''Updates for editors''' * For security reasons, members of certain user groups are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Mandatory two-factor authentication for users with some extended rights|required to have two-factor authentication]] (2FA) enabled. Members of these groups will be unable to disable the last 2FA method on their account, and it will be impossible to add users without 2FA to these groups. Users will still be able to add new authentication methods or remove them, as long as at least one method is continuously enabled. In the next few weeks, users without 2FA will be removed from these groups. Notably, this applies to bureaucrats. See the linked tasks for deployment schedules. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423119][https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423120] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes|WMDE Technical Wishes]] will run an [[w:en:A/B testing|A/B test]] on [[:phab:T415904|10 wikis]], testing [[m:WMDE Technical Wishes/References/Reference Previews|potential improvements for Reference Previews]]. The experiment will run for ~2 weeks at the end of May / beginning of June and will affect 10% of desktop readers on the participating wikis. * After two successful experiments, the Reader Growth team is rolling out an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature for all Wikipedias on mobile on May 25. This means that anyone who has all beta features on by default will start to see this feature, and others can check the box to turn it on in their preferences. The beta feature will include a carousel of all an article's images at the top of the article, with controls for editors to [[mw:Readers/Reader_Growth/Image_Browsing#Phase_2.1_beta_feature|exclude images from the article's carousel or to exclude an article from the feature entirely]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:30}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:30|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, three dimensional STL files were being rendered incorrectly by the media viewer 3D extension which is now fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T416723] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The legacy CSS classes <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>tright</nowiki></code></bdi> have been replaced with <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> as the former do not work consistently across all MediaWiki platforms, notably mobile web and mobile apps. Projects relying on these classes are encouraged to review related usage and plan for migration. Please note that <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatleft</nowiki></code></bdi> and <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>floatright</nowiki></code></bdi> may also be deprecated in future, although there are currently no plans to do so. [[phab:T426452|Read more]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.4|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/22|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W22"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:51, 25 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Quiddity (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30584502 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Vote now in the 2026 U4C election</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="announcement-content" /> Eligible voters are asked to participate in the 2026 [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee|Universal Code of Conduct Coordinating Committee]] election. More information–including an eligibility check, voting process information, candidate information, and a link to the vote–are available on Meta at the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Universal_Code_of_Conduct/Coordinating_Committee/Election/2026|2026 Election information page]]. The vote closes on 2 June 2026 at [https://zonestamp.toolforge.org/1780358400 00:00 UTC]. Please vote if your account is eligible. Results will be available by 14 June 2026. -- In cooperation with the U4C,<section end="announcement-content" /> </div> [[m:User:Keegan (WMF)|Keegan (WMF)]] ([[m:User talk:Keegan (WMF)|talk]]) 17:14, 27 Maii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Keegan (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-23</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W23"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] is conducting an experiment to show the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists|reading lists]] feature, which is still in development, to logged-out mobile readers to test whether it encourages account creation at a higher rate compared to the watchstar button. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/Reading lists#Experiment timeline|experiment]] was launched on May 18th on German, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, Polish, Dutch, Turkish, and Urdu wikis, and it will run for a month. * The Wikimedia Apps team released [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|Phase 1]] of the redesigned Home Feed to the Android Beta app. The new Home Feed includes a refreshed "Community" tab and a personalized "For You" tab featuring daily updated reading recommendations. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve content discovery and create more engaging learning experiences in the Wikipedia apps. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:18}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:18|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where images could fail to load for some suggested edits on [[w:Special:Homepage|Special:Homepage]], leaving the thumbnail stuck in a loading state, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T424048] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.5|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/23|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W23"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:08, 1 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30613639 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-24</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W24"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * Wikimedia Enterprise has increased the free usage limits for its API offerings. The monthly request limit for the On-demand API has increased from 5,000 to 50,000 requests, while the Snapshot API limit has increased from 15 to 30 requests per month. In addition, Structured Contents snapshots are now available for free accounts. These changes expand access to Wikimedia Enterprise data for developers, researchers, and organizations using Wikimedia content. [https://enterprise.wikimedia.com/blog/enhanced-free-api] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Explore Feed Refresh/Phase 1|refreshed Explore Feed]], now called the Home Feed, is rolling out to 50% of users of the Wikipedia Android app. The Home Feed helps readers discover relevant content through two new tabs: ''Community'' and ''For You''. The Community tab provides a scrollable feed of curated content and updates from the broader Wikimedia community and movement, while the ''For You'' tab offers a full-screen, swipeable experience that shows content tailored to a user's interests. The redesign is part of a broader effort to improve discovery and enhance the learning experience in the Wikipedia app. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Apps/Team/iOS/"Which came first?" Game|Which came first?]] daily trivia game is now available in the beta version of the Wikipedia iOS app in English, German, French, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Arabic, Chinese, and Turkish. The game uses historical events from Wikipedia's "On This Day" content and challenges readers to guess which of two events happened first. The game was previously released on Android. Communities interested in making the game available in their languages can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Apps/Team/Games#Game availability by language|read the instructions and requirements]]. * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]], a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details, will begin rolling out to Wikimedia wikis following a successful pilot phase. Deployment will start on 8 June for most [[wikitech:Deployments/Train#Wednesday|Group 1 wikis]] and French Wikipedia, with additional Wikipedia language editions receiving the feature over the coming months. Communities are encouraged to prepare by checking for [https://translatewiki.net/w/i.php?title=Special%3ATranslate&group=ext-cite&language=en&action_source=search&filter=%21translated&optional=1&action=translate untranslated Cite extension messages] in their language and reviewing any use of [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reference Tooltips|Reference Tooltips]], which may require [[:phab:T416304#11668731|updates]] to support the new functionality. Wikis using [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Reference Previews|Reference Previews]] do not need to take any action. Communities may also wish to create the ''cite-tracking-category-ref-details'' [[Special:TrackingCategories|tracking category]] as a hidden category using <code><nowiki>__HIDDENCAT__</nowiki></code> (or a dedicated template), and connect it to the corresponding Wikidata item [[d:Q129764848]]. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T425662] * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Mobile page previews#Experimentation|Page Previews experiment]] on mobile web has concluded. The team decided not to roll out the feature after the results showed no statistically significant impact on reader retention, as the primary success metric was retention improvement. Page Previews, which are already available on desktop and in the apps, display a thumbnail, lead paragraph, and link to the full article when readers tap a blue link. The experiment tested this experience on mobile web across six Wikipedias. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Codex/Design/Icons|user interface icon library]] will be [[phab:T399175|updated later this week or next week]]. Most of the ~300 icons have been slightly refined and ~30 new icons have been added. These changes improve the icons to make them more consistent and comprehensible, and provide more visual balance when they are used in groups. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector|Universal Language Selector]] (ULS) interface in MediaWiki, which helps users select content in other languages, has been updated. The new version improves speed and accessibility, and users of Wikimedia projects can now pin languages for quicker language switching. The deployment to Wikimedia sites will happen gradually in the coming weeks. You can test it now as a beta feature by selecting [[Special:Preferences#mw-prefsection-betafeatures|beta features]] in your profile preferences and share your feedback on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Universal Language Selector/New ULS|the project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:21}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:21|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the Pageviews Analysis dashboard on pageviews.wmcloud.org stopped updating graph data in May 2026, affecting all users, has been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427171] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * The function signature for <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> has been simplified. Developers can now pass a configuration object instead of a list of positional parameters when creating portlet links. The previous function signature remains supported for backwards compatibility. For example, instead of: <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', '#', 'Stub', 'ca-stubtag', 'Add a stub tag to this page');</nowiki></code></bdi> use <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>mw.util.addPortletLink('p-cactions', { href: '#', text: 'Stub', id: 'ca-stubtag', tooltip: 'Add a stub tag to this page' });</nowiki></code></bdi>. Script maintainers are encouraged to review existing uses of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>addPortletLink()</nowiki></code></bdi> and update them where appropriate. This change will be available on all wikis from 11 June. Thanks to community volunteer Gerges for contributing this improvement. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427945] * '''Community Wishlist discussion''': Product & Technology [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates#May 20, 2026: Community Tech becomes a program|introduced changes]] meant to increase the number and complexity of wishes fulfilled, including the disbanding of the Community Tech team. They are [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|engaging in discussions]] about a [[m:Talk:Community Wishlist#Proposed direction for Wishlist|proposed direction for the wishlist]] from community members. Includes ways to structure annual voting, better tracking of wishes, removing focus areas, and [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/Updates|staffing updates]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.6|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/24|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W24"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 21:29, 8 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30650573 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-25</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W25"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth|Reader Growth team]] has launched an [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|Image Browsing]] beta feature on the mobile web version of all Wikipedias. The feature shows an image carousel at the top of articles with 3 or more images. Editors can configure this feature with the following controls: to hide a specific image from a page, either use <code>class=notpageimage</code> excluding it from thumbnail previews, or <code>class=noviewer</code> excluding it from MediaViewer. The carousel can also be disabled from a page entirely, with the magic word <code><nowiki>__NOMEDIAVIEWERCAROUSEL__</nowiki></code>. To submit feedback or flag bugs, please visit the [[mw:Talk:Readers/Reader Growth/Image Browsing|project page]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Tables#class="wikitable"|Wikitables]] can now be [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Sortable tables#Forcing the initial sort direction|sorted in descending order]] on the first click by adding <code dir=ltr>data-sort-order="desc"</code> to the header cell. Previously, by default, clicking a column header for the first time sorts it in ascending order. This addition to a Wikitable gives it more control and flexibility, while the default behavior for subsequent clicks remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T398416] '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance|Article guidance]] feature is currently being tested with some editors creating new articles on the Simple English, French, and Turkish Wikipedias. The experiment will soon begin on the Arabic and Bangla Wikipedias as well. [[w:simple:Special:NewArticle|This feature]] gives editors community-curated guidance to help them create articles that follow community standards. Experienced editors can continue creating or adapting outlines for specific article types that are commonly created by less experienced contributors. The outlines guide less experienced editors in creating high-quality articles. A quick guide to markups used in outlines can be found on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance/Test feature guide#Markups in outlines|this page]]. [[w:simple:Wikipedia:Article Guidance|Example outlines]] that can be adapted and instructions for how to adapt them are on [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Article guidance#Adapting a sample outline in a Wikipedia|this section]] of the project page. * Wikis that wish to replace the "indefinitely" button in Special:Block for temporary accounts (for example, wikis that block temporary users only until account expiration) will be able to do so by creating [[MediaWiki:ipb-indefinite-expiry-temporary-account]] with the block duration they want. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427125] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:41}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:41|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * By the end of June, a valid user-agent string will be required for automated dumps downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. This [[phab:T400119|extends enforcement]] of the long standing [[foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services will not change. * The roll out of global [[mw:Wikimedia APIs/Rate limits|API rate limits]] is now complete, with limits enforced across all APIs and at the documented levels for all groups. Bots running in Toolforge/WMCS or with the bot user right on any wiki remain exempt. All bots should continue to follow the documented best practices to avoid being rate limited. * The [https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page API Portal wiki] will be read only starting this week (June 15-18). The following week (June 22-25), all API Portal wiki URLs will redirect to [[mw:Wikimedia APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. Learn more on the [[wikitech:API Portal/Deprecation|project page]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.7|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * On June 17th at 6pm UTC the WMF will be holding Discord call focused on a code review. We've heard through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Developer Satisfaction Survey/2026|Developer Satisfaction Survey]] that volunteers are struggling with code review and we'd like to discuss these experiences with the goal of surfacing workable solutions. You can join the call [https://discord.gg/wikipedia?event=1514727511102062664 via the Wikimedia Community Discord server]. * The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Conferencia Wikimedia de América Latina 2026|Latin American Wikimedia Conference]] will host a regional hackathon that will bring together the Wikimedia movement’s technical community including developers, system administrators, data scientists, and users with extended rights. Interested technical contributors can [https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSf4osJzTHBJjQbYJk7TMVEJjTEQv7IgtsUDfP-o-qTgeRQQxw/viewform apply for a scholarship] to participate until June 21 at midnight (Bolivia time, UTC-4). * Sign up for Wikimania Team Challenges to join this special event. The Team challenges will take place online and in person from July 21 to 22, before Wikimania conference. Everyone is welcome, regardless of skills or Wikimania registration. Teams will work on 10 important challenges supporting the Wikimedia community. For details, visit [[wmania:Special:MyLanguage/2026:Team challenges|the Team Challenges page]] and [https://wikimedia.eventyay.com/wm/teamchallenges/ register there]. Registration closes on June 20th at 11pm UTC. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W25"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:48, 15 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:UOzurumba (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30689604 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-26</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W26"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translations]] are available. '''Weekly highlight''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth features]] are [[phab:T418115|now available at Wikidata]]. This update enables access to Mentorship ([[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship|if configured]]), Impact module, the Help Panel, and a simplified Newcomer Homepage (without Suggested Edits). Wikidata administrators are still configuring the features through Community Configuration. '''Updates for editors''' * The special page [[{{#special:RangeCalculator}}]] has been created. It allows users to find an IP range without needing to rely on external tools. Until now, this tool was only available to CheckUsers. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T268429] * [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing|Sub-referencing]] is a new MediaWiki feature that allows editors to reuse references with different details. It will be deployed to most small and medium-sized Wikipedia language versions on June 23. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/WMDE Technical Wishes/Sub-referencing#deployment|FAQ]] lists possible actions to take on your wiki to support the deployment. Check the [[:phab:T414094|rollout plan]] for the next deployment steps. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428902] * Starting next week, users will get a notification when they are blocked or unblocked from editing, or if this block changes. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T100974] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:32}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:32|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting next week, abuse filters that are set to "require CAPTCHA verification" will begin to also affect users with the <code>skipcaptcha</code> right, which includes most autoconfirmed users. Bots are exempted. This change only affects edits that trigger an abuse filter. The <code>skipcaptcha</code> right will continue to exempt users from having to solve CAPTCHAs in the ordinary course of using the wikis. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T402595] * Reference documentation for the [[wikitech:Machine_Learning/LiftWing/API|Lift Wing API]] has moved from the API Portal to the interactive [https://wikitech.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?api=lift-wing&title=Special%3ARestSandbox REST Sandbox]. * The API Portal wiki is now closed. For API documentation, see [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_APIs|Wikimedia APIs on mediawiki.org]]. All API Portal wiki URLs (https://api.wikimedia.org/wiki/) will redirect to the mediawiki.org page starting June 22. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427537] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.8|MediaWiki]] '''Meetings and events''' * Join an online call on 25 June at 2:30pm UTC to meet the current Wikimedia interns for [[mw:Google_Summer_of_Code/2026|Google Summer of Code]] and [[mw:Outreachy/Round_32|Outreachy]]. Interns will provide an overview of their projects and a brief demo of their work so far. Attendees are encouraged to [[mw:event:Google_Summer_of_Code/Summer_2026_June_Internship_open_session|share ideas and connections in their community]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/26|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W26"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:04, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Trizek (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30722494 --> == RFC about AI-generated content in Wikimedia Commons == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">Apologies for writing in English, please help translate this message to your language. You are invited to participate in a [[c:Commons:Requests for comment/Policy update for AI content|request for comment on Wikimedia Commons about a policy update for AI content]]. This may affect files that are uploaded to Wikimedia Commons for use on this project. Thank you. [[m:User:Codename Noreste|Codename Noreste]] ([[m:User talk:Codename Noreste|disputatio]])</bdi> 17:11, 23 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Codename Noreste@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Deployment of Legal and Safety Contacts Link in the Footer of Your Wiki</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="Message"/> '''Legal & Safety Contacts''' Hello community, the Wikimedia Foundation has provided a [[wmf:Special:MyLanguage/Legal:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contact Information|single legal and safety contact page]], to be linked in the footer of your wiki, to ensure access to accurate legal information. This is a regulatory requirement. We have already rolled out links to English, German, Italian, Spanish and other wikis and we will deploy to your wiki soon. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia_Foundation_Legal_and_Safety_Contacts_FAQ|Please read more on the project page]] and leave any comments in this thread or on the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:Wikimedia Foundation Legal and Safety Contacts FAQ|talk page]]. <section end="Message"/> </div> -- [[User:Sannita (WMF)|User:Sannita (WMF)]] ([[User talk:Sannita (WMF)|talk]]) 13:29, 25 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:Sannita (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Sannita_(WMF)/Mass_sending_test&oldid=30731267 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-27</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W27"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * As part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Contributors/Account Creation Experiments|Account Creation Experiments]], the Growth team tested adding a user account icon in the mobile web header for logged-out users, providing direct access to "Create account" and "Log in" actions. The experiment increased account creation by about 20% without negatively affecting edit quality or constructive edit rates. The feature will now be rolled out to all Wikimedia Foundation wikis on mobile web in the first week of July. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428220] * After a [[phab:T426248|successful experiment]], logged-in users who did not [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Email_confirmation|confirm their email address]] when their account was created see a new banner asking them to complete that process. This helps reduce the risk that users get locked out of their account, and makes account email addresses overall more reliable. This is part of the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Product Safety and Integrity/Account Security|Account Security]] project. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T428292] * An update to [[Special:Search|Search]] is refining how the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> behaves when used to exclude results. Previously, using <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> with negation could unintentionally broaden search results by adding the namespaces included in the search scope, leading to confusing behavior for users expecting a straightforward exclusion filter. With the update, <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>-prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> will now strictly exclude matching page titles as intended and may display a warning if the relevant namespace has not been explicitly selected. The behavior of <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>prefix:</nowiki></code></bdi> without negation however remains unchanged. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T427443] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:33}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:33|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where reviewers using the Page Curation toolbar were not automatically subscribed to talk page discussions they started has now been fixed. Reviewers will now receive notifications when someone replies to those discussions. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T329346] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Starting June 29th, automated downloads from the dumps.wikimedia.org website will be subject to the [[Foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Wikimedia Foundation User-Agent Policy|user-agent policy]]. Automated requests that provide a generic or empty user-agent will be blocked. Access to dumps through Wikimedia Cloud Services remains unaffected. This is a follow up to the announcement made in the [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/25|2026/25 issue of Tech News]]. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.9|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/27|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W27"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 11:47, 29 Iunii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30744833 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-28</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W28"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:34}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:34|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the search bar results on Wikidata, showed English results instead of using the correct language fallback for users of language variants, has now been fixed. Search suggestions will now follow the expected language fallback chain. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T429769] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * In preparation for [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Event:Celebrate Women|Celebrate Women campaign]] planned for March 2027, the Wikimedia Foundation’s [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Wikimedia Foundation/Advancement/Community Growth/Content Enablement|Content Enablement team]] has launched a 22-question survey to better understand technical contributions by women+ (anyone who identifies as a woman) across Wikimedia projects. The survey takes approximately 15–20 minutes to complete and will remain open until 20 July 2026. The [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Celebrate Women/Technical contributions survey|questions]] are also available on-wiki for review in advance. * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Extension:Score|Score extension]] now supports rendering music scores as SVG images in addition to PNG, addressing a long-standing [[:phab:T49578|feature request]] and resolving historical image quality issues. Both formats are now provided to clients, with PNG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>src</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute and SVG in the <bdi lang="zxx" dir="ltr"><code><nowiki>srcset</nowiki></code></bdi> attribute. * The new [[wikitech:Parsoid|Parsoid]] parser [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Parsoid/Parser_Unification/Updates|continues to be deployed to additional wikis]], making it easier to introduce new reading and editing features. It was enabled on French Wikipedia, bringing total progress to covering 78.9% of Wikipedia page views. Rollout to English Wikipedia desktop will progress through this week. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.10|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Hackathon 2026 [[diffblog:2026/06/29/wikimedia-hackathon-2026-building-collaborating-and-shaping-the-future-together/|recap blog post]] is now live. It highlights the projects, sessions, and social activities from this year’s event, and shares initial plans for the 2027 Wikimedia Hackathon. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/28|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W28"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 13:56, 6 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30773578 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-29</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W29"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone|Revise Tone]] helps newcomers identify passages in Wikipedia articles that may contain non-encyclopedic language and encourages them to consider revising the tone. The feature was [[w:en:A/B_testing|A/B tested]] on the Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Wikipedias, where newcomer task completion rates [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Revise_Tone#Experiment_Results|increased by 38.7%]] compared to the default Copyedit task, with no decrease in edit quality. The test ended on July 9, and the feature is now available for everyone on these wikis, configurable via Community Configuration. [[phab:T426364|The plan]] is to release Revise Tone to more wikis. * The community configuration that allows [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Growth/Mentorship#Automated mentor list cleanup|automatic removal of inactive mentors]] based on configurable criteria will be enabled on Thursday 16, [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Deployment|on some wikis]] to keep mentor lists up to date. Mentors are experienced contributors who opt in to help new users on-wiki through the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Growth/Feature summary|Growth Features]]. Administrators can now prepare the settings via [[w:Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship|Special:CommunityConfiguration/Mentorship]]; they will take effect starting Thursday. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:38}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:38|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where some users of the Wikipedia Android app were logged out immediately after signing in, preventing them from staying logged in and editing pages, has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T316916] '''Updates for technical contributors''' * Editing a page via user scripts or gadgets was causing watchlist labels that the user had assigned to that page to reset. This has now been fixed. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T423778] * To work around a Safari bug (see [[phab:T425211]]), on Parsoid-enabled wikis, wikilink hrefs now use absolute urls instead of protocol-relative urls. REST API output remains unchanged and continue to use protocol-relative urls. Gadgets, user scripts, bots, and CSS might need to be adapted if they relied on the presence of protocol-relative urls in wikilink hrefs. [https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T431358] * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.11|MediaWiki]] '''In depth''' * The Wikimedia Foundation’s Experiment Platform Team has published a blog post reflecting on its first year of structured experimentation. It highlights successful experiments such as Paste Check, Reference Check, and Tone Check, which improved editing outcomes and have been rolled out to more users, as well as experiments that did not lead to product changes. [[diffblog:2026/07/07/moving-the-needle-how-we-test-new-ideas-across-wikimedia-projects|Read more]]. '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/29|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W29"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 16:10, 13 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30804401 --> == <span lang="en" dir="ltr">Tech News: 2026-30</span> == <div lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section begin="technews-2026-W30"/><div class="plainlinks"> Latest '''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|tech news]]''' from the Wikimedia technical community. Please tell other users about these changes. Not all changes will affect you. [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translations]] are available. '''Updates for editors''' * The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Reader/Reader Experience|Reader Experience team]] has incorporated community feedback around the placement of watchstar and watchlist buttons for the [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Readers/Reader Experience/WE3.3.4 Reading lists|Reading Lists beta feature]], which would allow for saving articles for later reading – a [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Community Wishlist/W102|wishlist item]] to bring the functionality to web. Editors are invited to enable the beta feature to test it out and [[phab:T426453|share their thoughts]]. * [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|Suggestion Mode]] offers edit suggestions within the VisualEditor for improving Wikipedia articles. [[Special:EditChecks|All suggestions]] are [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#For administrators – local customization|community-configurable]]. The [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/TextMatch|TextMatch]] feature is a way for volunteers to create custom local suggestions. The feature searches in articles for strings of text, and now includes support for regular expressions. This gives volunteers greater precision and flexibility over the kinds of local suggestions they can create. Note: Suggestions [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Edit check/Configuration#:~:text=maximumEditcount|can be targeted]] based on the edit count of the person editing as well as other aspects of the page. You can [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Help:Suggestion mode#Create custom local types of Suggestions|find examples from other communities]] for inspiration, including TextMatches that detect: typos, grammar-errors, potential advertisements, clichés, incorrect dash or hyphen usage, non-specific time keywords, outdated names, and more. Any [[mw:Special:MyLanguage/Talk:VisualEditor/Suggestion Mode|feedback]] is appreciated. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] View all {{formatnum:27}} community-submitted {{PLURAL:27|task|tasks}} that were [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Recently resolved community tasks|resolved last week]]. For example, an issue where the SVG Translate tool could use an outdated version of a file, causing existing translations to be overwritten when new ones were uploaded, has now [[phab:T430577|been fixed]]. Overall, in the last quarter from April – June 2026 about 337 community tasks were resolved by the Wikimedia Foundation. '''Updates for technical contributors''' * On Parsoid-enabled wikis, Parsoid now renders a maximum of 1,250 images per page. A new tracking category, "media-limit-reached", will be soon made available to identify pages where this limit is reached, making it easier to find content whose media output may have been restricted during rendering. See [[phab:T430854]] for more information and to provide feedback. * [[File:Reload icon with two arrows.svg|12px|link=|class=skin-invert|Recurrent item]] Detailed code updates later this week: [[mw:MediaWiki 1.47/wmf.12|MediaWiki]] '''''[[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News|Tech news]]''' prepared by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/Writers|Tech News writers]] and posted by [[m:Special:MyLanguage/User:MediaWiki message delivery|bot]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News#contribute|Contribute]]&nbsp;• [[m:Special:MyLanguage/Tech/News/2026/30|Translate]]&nbsp;• [[m:Tech|Get help]]&nbsp;• [[m:Talk:Tech/News|Give feedback]]&nbsp;• [[m:Global message delivery/Targets/Tech ambassadors|Subscribe or unsubscribe]].'' </div><section end="technews-2026-W30"/> </div> <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr">[[User:MediaWiki message delivery|MediaWiki message delivery]]</bdi> 05:45, 21 Iulii 2026 (UTC) <!-- Message sent by User:STei (WMF)@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_message_delivery/Targets/Tech_ambassadors&oldid=30836091 --> == Request for comment (the future of Abstract Wikipedia) == <bdi lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> Apologies if this has not yet been translated into your wiki's language. {{int:Please-translate}} You are invited to voice your opinions in a [[:m:Requests for comment/The future of Abstract Wikipedia|request for comment about the future of Abstract Wikipedia]]. {{Int:Feedback-thanks-title}} [[:m:User:Kowal2701|Kowal2701]] ([[:m:User talk:Kowal2701|talk]]) 12:24, 24 Iulii 2026 (UTC) </bdi> <!-- Message sent by User:DreamRimmer@metawiki using the list at https://meta.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Distribution_list/Global_message_delivery&oldid=30513860 --> 6xrk2c6n6un203sbo1mepa3d0yth6dl 0 324405 3974348 3957749 2026-07-24T23:36:02Z Grufo 64423 De annotationibus; minora 3974348 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Utar contra vitia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLII reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli. mel proponunt alii, fel supponunt melli, pectus subest ferreum deaurate pelli et leonis spolium induunt aselli. Disputat cum animo facies rebellis, mel ab ore profluit, mens est plena fellis; non est totum melleum, quod est instar mellis, facies est alia pectoris quam pellis. Vitium in opere, virtus est in ore, tegunt picem animi niveo colore, membra dolent singula capitis dolore et radici consonat ramus in sapore. Roma mundi caput est, sed nil capit mundum, quod pendet a capite, totum est immundum; trahit enim vitium primum in secundum, et de fundo redolet, quod est iuxta fundum. Roma capit singulos et res singulorum, Romanorum curia non est nisi forum. ibi sunt venalia iura senatorum, et solvit contraria copia nummorum. In hoc consistorio si quis causam regat suam vel alterius, hoc inprimis legat: nisi det pecuniam, Roma totum negat; qui plus dat pecunie, melius allegat. Romani capitulum habent in decretis, ut petentes audiant manibus repletis. dabis, aut non dabitur, petunt, quando petis, qua mensura seminas, et eadem metis. Munus et petitio currunt passu pari, opereris munere, si vis operari; Tullium ne timeas, si velit causari: Nummus eloquentia gaudet singolari. Nummis in hac curia non est qui non vacet; crux placet, rotunditas et albedo placet; et cum totum placeat et Romanos placet, ubi nummus loquitur, et lex omnis tacet. Si quo grandi munere bene pascas manum, frustra quis obiceret vel Iustinianum vel Sanctorum canones, quia tamquam vanum transeunt has paleas et imbursant granum. Solam avaritiam Rome nevit Parca: parcit danti munera, parco non est parca, nummus est pro numine et pro Marco marca, et est minus celebris ara quam sit arca. Cum ad papam veneris, habe pro constanti: non est locus pauperi, soli favet danti, vel si munus prestitum non sit aliquanti, respondet: «hec tibia non est michi tanti.» Papa, si rem tangimus, nomen habet a re: quicquid habent alii, solus vult papare, vel si verbum gallicum vis apocopare, «paies! paies!» dist li mot, si vis impetrare. Porta querit, chartula querit, bulla querit, papa querit, etiam cardinalis querit, omnes querunt, et si des - si quid uni deerit, totum mare salsum est, tota causa perit. Das istis, das aliis, addis dona datis, et cum satis dederis, querunt ultra satis; o vos burse turgide, Romam veniatis: Rome viget physica bursis constipatis. Predantur marsupium singuli paulatim, magna, maior, maxima preda fit gradatim. quid irem per singula? colligam summatim: omnes bursam strangulant, et exspirat statim. Bursa tamen Tityi iecur imitatur: fugit res, ut redeat, perit, ut nascatur. et hoc pacto loculum Roma depredatur, ut, cum totum dederit, totus impleatur. Redeunt a curia capite cornuto; ima tenet Iupiter, celum habet Pluto, et accedit dignitas animali bruto tamquam gemma stercori vel pictura luto. Divites divitibus dant, ut sumant ibi, et occurrunt munera relative sibi. lex est ista celebris, quam fecerunt scribi: «Si tu michi dederis, ego dabo tibi.»<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen satiriсum, celeberrimo poëtae [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualtero de Castellione]] adscriptum, acerrimam reprehensionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et avaritiae ecclesiasticae exhibet. Auctor, metaphoris animalium et medicinae utens, describit quomodo hypocrisis et simonia in urbe [[Roma|Roma]] dominentur, ubi species externa virtutis interiorem corruptionem tegit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> Argumentum praecipue in potestatem pecuniae (personificatae ut ''Nummus'') vertitur, quae leges, canones [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] et iustitiam ipsam superat. Per ludos verborum (sicut etymologia popularis vocabuli “Papa” a manducando o “papare”) et allusiones ad [[Marcus (evangelista)|Marcum]] argenteum, poëta deplorat statum Ecclesiae, ubi pauperes excluduntur et sola munera aditum ad gratiam apostolicam patefaciunt.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] aut saltem eius schola composuisse videtur, acerrimam praebet denuntiationem contra avaritiam venalitatemque [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]]. Auctor argumentis ex fabulis antiquis haustis utitur, clericos asinis comparans qui leonina pelle se induunt; quae imago, iam ab [[Aesopus|Aesopo]] (†267) tradita et ab [[Avianus|Aviano]] repetita, hypocrisiam denotat eorum quorum vultus a corde discrepat. Haec simulatio verba [[Sallustius|Sallustii]] in ''[[De Catilinae coniuratione]]'' (X, 5) plane resonat, ubi scriptor antiquus dicit ambitionem homines falsos fieri cogere et aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252">{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250–252.</ref> In carmine totum corpus ecclesiasticum morbo laborare videtur, nam sicut in aliis carminibus (v.g. CB 34, 2) legitur, omnia membra ex capitis dolore patiuntur. Similitudo biblica de radice et ramis ex [[Epistula ad Romanos]] (XI, 16) hic invertitur ad statum corruptionis describendum: si enim radix immunda est, rami quoque vitio inquinantur, sicut postea etiam [[Laurentius Valla]] in opere ''De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione'' (XXIX, 94) confirmavit. Critica haec ad parodiam iuris et evangelii procedit, ubi mandata divina ad pecuniam vertuntur: sententiae biblicae de mensura reddenda (Lc VI, 38) et de seminante qui metit (II Cor IX, 6) usurpantur ut significent solum eum audiri qui plenis manibus supplicet.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Eloquentia antiqua, cuius symbolum est [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], coram pecuniae vi tacet; secundum sententiam ex [[Liber Ecclesiasticus|Ecclesiastico]] (XIII, 28) desumptam, divite loquente omnes silere coguntur. Iudices vero, qui [[Corpus Iuris Civilis]] [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] sequi deberent, leges tamquam paleam inutilem neglegunt, triticum iustitiae spernentes. Poëta ludis verbis utitur ad corruptionem ecclesiae demonstrandam, marcas (monetam Germanicam) sancto Marco praeferens, et etymologiam facetam vocis “papa” fingens. Fatum hominum non iam a [[Parcae|Parcis]] antiquis regi videtur, sed a metallis pretiosis.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Denique conditio mundi per inversionem valorum describitur: per ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|adynaton||en|qid=Q380217}}'' quoddam, [[Iuppiter]] in tartaro clauditur dum [[Pluto (deus)|Pluto]]—qui saepe cum Plutu, deo divitiarum, confunditur—in caelo regnat. Reditus a Curia non cum gloria sed cum “cornibus” (quae deum [[Mithras|Mithram]] revocant) fingitur, et res sacrae foedantur sicut margaritae ante porcos missae vel tabulae pictae in luto iacentes. Omnia haec sub regula parodica “do ut des” concluduntur, ubi promissio evangelica “date et dabitur vobis” in merum commercium mutatur.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In hac investigatione, elementa musica carminis cuius titulus est {{Op|Utar contra vitia}} per artem palaeographicam examinantur. Quamvis hoc carmen in manuscripto dicto {{Op|Carmina Burana}} (München, BSB, Clm 4660) sine notatione superlineari servetur, structura eius metrica, quae in undeviginti vel viginti strophis goliardicis constat (forma 4×oˋooˋooˋoo–|oˋooˋooˋo), comparationem palaeographicam cum aliis fontibus musicis sicut contrafactis sinit. Investigatio palaeographica indicat hunc metrum communem et regularem aptum fuisse melodiis praeexistentibus, quarum exempla inveniuntur in cantione Gallica {{Op|Veine pleine de douçour|lingua=fr}} (RS 1970a) et in carmine {{Op|Apris ai qu'en chantant plour|lingua=fr}} (RS 2010). Hae fontes, in manuscriptis [[saeculum 13|saeculi XIII]] (sicut London, BL, Arundel 248 vel Paris, BNF, Fr. 846) servati, structuram plerumque litanicam ostendunt, ubi eadem melodia cum paucis variationibus pro quolibet versu repetitur, quod proprium erat strophis goliardicis antiquis.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42">{{Opus | titulus = Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli - CB 42 | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/042utar.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-30 | publiser = Examen Apium }}.</ref> Palaeographia comparativa horum contrafactorum demonstrat quomodo melodiae ad usum clericorum vagantium accommodatae sint, praesertim cum in codice Arundel 248 nota quaedam pro extensione ultimi versūs inveniatur, more qui dicitur ''cum auctoritas''. In aliis codicibus, velut in Parisinis Fr. 847 et N.a.f. 1050, notationis lineamenta ricalcantur super versus carminis, naturam rhythmicam trochaicam confirmantia quae ex tetrametro classico derivatur. Ergo, etsi carmen CB 42 nuda verba praebet, analysis palaeographica aliorum coevorum codicum permittit restitutionem verisimilem soni et rhythmi huius invectivae contra curiam Romanam.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42" /> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] htxeepb6tw8dmmqnb5oo1kncc692kdv 3974349 3974348 2026-07-24T23:36:35Z Grufo 64423 3974349 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Utar contra vitia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLII reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli. mel proponunt alii, fel supponunt melli, pectus subest ferreum deaurate pelli et leonis spolium induunt aselli. Disputat cum animo facies rebellis, mel ab ore profluit, mens est plena fellis; non est totum melleum, quod est instar mellis, facies est alia pectoris quam pellis. Vitium in opere, virtus est in ore, tegunt picem animi niveo colore, membra dolent singula capitis dolore et radici consonat ramus in sapore. Roma mundi caput est, sed nil capit mundum, quod pendet a capite, totum est immundum; trahit enim vitium primum in secundum, et de fundo redolet, quod est iuxta fundum. Roma capit singulos et res singulorum, Romanorum curia non est nisi forum. ibi sunt venalia iura senatorum, et solvit contraria copia nummorum. In hoc consistorio si quis causam regat suam vel alterius, hoc inprimis legat: nisi det pecuniam, Roma totum negat; qui plus dat pecunie, melius allegat. Romani capitulum habent in decretis, ut petentes audiant manibus repletis. dabis, aut non dabitur, petunt, quando petis, qua mensura seminas, et eadem metis. Munus et petitio currunt passu pari, opereris munere, si vis operari; Tullium ne timeas, si velit causari: Nummus eloquentia gaudet singolari. Nummis in hac curia non est qui non vacet; crux placet, rotunditas et albedo placet; et cum totum placeat et Romanos placet, ubi nummus loquitur, et lex omnis tacet. Si quo grandi munere bene pascas manum, frustra quis obiceret vel Iustinianum vel Sanctorum canones, quia tamquam vanum transeunt has paleas et imbursant granum. Solam avaritiam Rome nevit Parca: parcit danti munera, parco non est parca, nummus est pro numine et pro Marco marca, et est minus celebris ara quam sit arca. Cum ad papam veneris, habe pro constanti: non est locus pauperi, soli favet danti, vel si munus prestitum non sit aliquanti, respondet: «hec tibia non est michi tanti.» Papa, si rem tangimus, nomen habet a re: quicquid habent alii, solus vult papare, vel si verbum gallicum vis apocopare, «paies! paies!» dist li mot, si vis impetrare. Porta querit, chartula querit, bulla querit, papa querit, etiam cardinalis querit, omnes querunt, et si des - si quid uni deerit, totum mare salsum est, tota causa perit. Das istis, das aliis, addis dona datis, et cum satis dederis, querunt ultra satis; o vos burse turgide, Romam veniatis: Rome viget physica bursis constipatis. Predantur marsupium singuli paulatim, magna, maior, maxima preda fit gradatim. quid irem per singula? colligam summatim: omnes bursam strangulant, et exspirat statim. Bursa tamen Tityi iecur imitatur: fugit res, ut redeat, perit, ut nascatur. et hoc pacto loculum Roma depredatur, ut, cum totum dederit, totus impleatur. Redeunt a curia capite cornuto; ima tenet Iupiter, celum habet Pluto, et accedit dignitas animali bruto tamquam gemma stercori vel pictura luto. Divites divitibus dant, ut sumant ibi, et occurrunt munera relative sibi. lex est ista celebris, quam fecerunt scribi: «Si tu michi dederis, ego dabo tibi.»<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen satiriсum, celeberrimo poëtae [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualtero de Castellione]] adscriptum, acerrimam reprehensionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et avaritiae ecclesiasticae exhibet. Auctor, metaphoris animalium et medicinae utens, describit quomodo hypocrisis et simonia in urbe [[Roma|Roma]] dominentur, ubi species externa virtutis interiorem corruptionem tegit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> Argumentum praecipue in potestatem pecuniae (personificatae ut ''Nummus'') vertitur, quae leges, canones [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] et iustitiam ipsam superat. Per ludos verborum (sicut etymologia popularis vocabuli “Papa” a manducando o “papare”) et allusiones ad [[Marcus (evangelista)|Marcum]] argenteum, poëta deplorat statum Ecclesiae, ubi pauperes excluduntur et sola munera aditum ad gratiam apostolicam patefaciunt.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] aut saltem eius schola composuisse videtur, acerrimam praebet denuntiationem contra avaritiam venalitatemque [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]]. Auctor argumentis ex fabulis antiquis haustis utitur, clericos asinis comparans qui leonina pelle se induunt; quae imago, iam ab [[Aesopus|Aesopo]] (†267) tradita et ab [[Avianus|Aviano]] repetita, hypocrisiam denotat eorum quorum vultus a corde discrepat. Haec simulatio verba [[Sallustius|Sallustii]] in ''[[De Catilinae coniuratione]]'' (X, 5) plane resonat, ubi scriptor antiquus dicit ambitionem homines falsos fieri cogere et aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252">{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250–252.</ref> In carmine totum corpus ecclesiasticum morbo laborare videtur, nam sicut in aliis carminibus (v.g. CB 34, 2) legitur, omnia membra ex capitis dolore patiuntur. Similitudo biblica de radice et ramis ex [[Epistula ad Romanos]] (XI, 16) hic invertitur ad statum corruptionis describendum: si enim radix immunda est, rami quoque vitio inquinantur, sicut postea etiam [[Laurentius Valla]] in opere ''De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione'' (XXIX, 94) confirmavit. Critica haec ad parodiam iuris et evangelii procedit, ubi mandata divina ad pecuniam vertuntur: sententiae biblicae de mensura reddenda (Lc VI, 38) et de seminante qui metit (II Cor IX, 6) usurpantur ut significent solum eum audiri qui plenis manibus supplicet.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Eloquentia antiqua, cuius symbolum est [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], coram pecuniae vi tacet; secundum sententiam ex [[Liber Ecclesiasticus|Ecclesiastico]] (XIII, 28) desumptam, divite loquente omnes silere coguntur. Iudices vero, qui [[Corpus Iuris Civilis]] [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] sequi deberent, leges tamquam paleam inutilem neglegunt, triticum iustitiae spernentes. Poëta ludis verbis utitur ad corruptionem ecclesiae demonstrandam, marcas (monetam Germanicam) sancto Marco praeferens, et etymologiam facetam vocis “papa” fingens. Fatum hominum non iam a [[Parcae|Parcis]] antiquis regi videtur, sed a metallis pretiosis.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Denique conditio mundi per inversionem valorum describitur: per ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|adynaton||en|qid=Q380217}}'' quoddam, [[Iuppiter]] in tartaro clauditur dum [[Pluto (deus)|Pluto]]—qui saepe cum Plutu, deo divitiarum, confunditur—in caelo regnat. Reditus a Curia non cum gloria sed cum “cornibus” (quae deum [[Mithras|Mithram]] revocant) fingitur, et res sacrae foedantur sicut margaritae ante porcos missae vel tabulae pictae in luto iacentes. Omnia haec sub regula parodica “do ut des” concluduntur, ubi promissio evangelica “date et dabitur vobis” in merum commercium mutatur.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In hac investigatione, elementa musica carminis cuius titulus est {{Op|Utar contra vitia}} per artem palaeographicam examinantur. Quamvis hoc carmen in manuscripto dicto {{Op|Carmina Burana}} (München, BSB, Clm 4660) sine notatione superlineari servetur, structura eius metrica, quae in undeviginti vel viginti strophis goliardicis constat (forma 4×oˋooˋooˋoo–|oˋooˋooˋo), comparationem palaeographicam cum aliis fontibus musicis sicut contrafactis sinit. Investigatio palaeographica indicat hunc metrum communem et regularem aptum fuisse melodiis praeexistentibus, quarum exempla inveniuntur in cantione Gallica {{Op|Veine pleine de douçour|lingua=fr}} (RS 1970a) et in carmine {{Op|Apris ai qu'en chantant plour|lingua=fr}} (RS 2010). Hae fontes, in manuscriptis [[saeculum 13|saeculi XIII]] (sicut London, BL, Arundel 248 vel Paris, BNF, Fr. 846) servati, structuram plerumque litanicam ostendunt, ubi eadem melodia cum paucis variationibus pro quolibet versu repetitur, quod proprium erat strophis goliardicis antiquis.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42">{{Opus | titulus = Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli - CB 42 | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/042utar.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-30 | domus editoria = Examen Apium }}.</ref> Palaeographia comparativa horum contrafactorum demonstrat quomodo melodiae ad usum clericorum vagantium accommodatae sint, praesertim cum in codice Arundel 248 nota quaedam pro extensione ultimi versūs inveniatur, more qui dicitur ''cum auctoritas''. In aliis codicibus, velut in Parisinis Fr. 847 et N.a.f. 1050, notationis lineamenta ricalcantur super versus carminis, naturam rhythmicam trochaicam confirmantia quae ex tetrametro classico derivatur. Ergo, etsi carmen CB 42 nuda verba praebet, analysis palaeographica aliorum coevorum codicum permittit restitutionem verisimilem soni et rhythmi huius invectivae contra curiam Romanam.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42" /> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] e1d0hvq7o17uibwia1j28qd2t7qogob 3974350 3974349 2026-07-24T23:37:05Z Grufo 64423 3974350 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus ad litteram}} {{Pagina principalis|Index Carminum Buranorum}} {{Carmen Carminum Buranorum | titulus = | imago = | descriptio = | categoria = | numerus = | auctor = | argumenta = | tempus = | lingua = | contextus = | praecedens = | sequens = }} {{lres|Utar contra vitia}} est initium [[carmen|carminis]] a [[Goliardia|discipulis vagantibus]] [[Latinitas medii aevi|Latine]] scripti, quod in codice [[Carmina Burana|Carminum Buranorum]] sub numero XLII reperitur.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28">{{Opus | titulus = De correctione hominum 26-28 | url = https://www.hs-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cmo4.html }}.</ref> == Textus == {{Versus numerati| Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli. mel proponunt alii, fel supponunt melli, pectus subest ferreum deaurate pelli et leonis spolium induunt aselli. Disputat cum animo facies rebellis, mel ab ore profluit, mens est plena fellis; non est totum melleum, quod est instar mellis, facies est alia pectoris quam pellis. Vitium in opere, virtus est in ore, tegunt picem animi niveo colore, membra dolent singula capitis dolore et radici consonat ramus in sapore. Roma mundi caput est, sed nil capit mundum, quod pendet a capite, totum est immundum; trahit enim vitium primum in secundum, et de fundo redolet, quod est iuxta fundum. Roma capit singulos et res singulorum, Romanorum curia non est nisi forum. ibi sunt venalia iura senatorum, et solvit contraria copia nummorum. In hoc consistorio si quis causam regat suam vel alterius, hoc inprimis legat: nisi det pecuniam, Roma totum negat; qui plus dat pecunie, melius allegat. Romani capitulum habent in decretis, ut petentes audiant manibus repletis. dabis, aut non dabitur, petunt, quando petis, qua mensura seminas, et eadem metis. Munus et petitio currunt passu pari, opereris munere, si vis operari; Tullium ne timeas, si velit causari: Nummus eloquentia gaudet singolari. Nummis in hac curia non est qui non vacet; crux placet, rotunditas et albedo placet; et cum totum placeat et Romanos placet, ubi nummus loquitur, et lex omnis tacet. Si quo grandi munere bene pascas manum, frustra quis obiceret vel Iustinianum vel Sanctorum canones, quia tamquam vanum transeunt has paleas et imbursant granum. Solam avaritiam Rome nevit Parca: parcit danti munera, parco non est parca, nummus est pro numine et pro Marco marca, et est minus celebris ara quam sit arca. Cum ad papam veneris, habe pro constanti: non est locus pauperi, soli favet danti, vel si munus prestitum non sit aliquanti, respondet: «hec tibia non est michi tanti.» Papa, si rem tangimus, nomen habet a re: quicquid habent alii, solus vult papare, vel si verbum gallicum vis apocopare, «paies! paies!» dist li mot, si vis impetrare. Porta querit, chartula querit, bulla querit, papa querit, etiam cardinalis querit, omnes querunt, et si des - si quid uni deerit, totum mare salsum est, tota causa perit. Das istis, das aliis, addis dona datis, et cum satis dederis, querunt ultra satis; o vos burse turgide, Romam veniatis: Rome viget physica bursis constipatis. Predantur marsupium singuli paulatim, magna, maior, maxima preda fit gradatim. quid irem per singula? colligam summatim: omnes bursam strangulant, et exspirat statim. Bursa tamen Tityi iecur imitatur: fugit res, ut redeat, perit, ut nascatur. et hoc pacto loculum Roma depredatur, ut, cum totum dederit, totus impleatur. Redeunt a curia capite cornuto; ima tenet Iupiter, celum habet Pluto, et accedit dignitas animali bruto tamquam gemma stercori vel pictura luto. Divites divitibus dant, ut sumant ibi, et occurrunt munera relative sibi. lex est ista celebris, quam fecerunt scribi: «Si tu michi dederis, ego dabo tibi.»<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> }} == Descriptio == Hoc carmen satiriсum, celeberrimo poëtae [[Gualterus de Castellione|Gualtero de Castellione]] adscriptum, acerrimam reprehensionem [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]] et avaritiae ecclesiasticae exhibet. Auctor, metaphoris animalium et medicinae utens, describit quomodo hypocrisis et simonia in urbe [[Roma|Roma]] dominentur, ubi species externa virtutis interiorem corruptionem tegit.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> Argumentum praecipue in potestatem pecuniae (personificatae ut ''Nummus'') vertitur, quae leges, canones [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] et iustitiam ipsam superat. Per ludos verborum (sicut etymologia popularis vocabuli “Papa” a manducando o “papare”) et allusiones ad [[Marcus (evangelista)|Marcum]] argenteum, poëta deplorat statum Ecclesiae, ubi pauperes excluduntur et sola munera aditum ad gratiam apostolicam patefaciunt.<ref name="de-correctione-hominum-26-28"/> == Investigatio critica == Hoc carmen, quod [[Gualterus de Castellione]] aut saltem eius schola composuisse videtur, acerrimam praebet denuntiationem contra avaritiam venalitatemque [[Curia Romana|Curiae Romanae]]. Auctor argumentis ex fabulis antiquis haustis utitur, clericos asinis comparans qui leonina pelle se induunt; quae imago, iam ab [[Aesopus|Aesopo]] (†267) tradita et ab [[Avianus|Aviano]] repetita, hypocrisiam denotat eorum quorum vultus a corde discrepat. Haec simulatio verba [[Sallustius|Sallustii]] in ''[[De Catilinae coniuratione]]'' (X, 5) plane resonat, ubi scriptor antiquus dicit ambitionem homines falsos fieri cogere et aliud clausum in pectore, aliud in lingua promptum habere.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252">{{qc|Rossi, 2006}}, pp. 250–252.</ref> In carmine totum corpus ecclesiasticum morbo laborare videtur, nam sicut in aliis carminibus (v.g. CB 34, 2) legitur, omnia membra ex capitis dolore patiuntur. Similitudo biblica de radice et ramis ex [[Epistula ad Romanos]] (XI, 16) hic invertitur ad statum corruptionis describendum: si enim radix immunda est, rami quoque vitio inquinantur, sicut postea etiam [[Laurentius Valla]] in opere ''De falso credita et ementita Constantini donatione'' (XXIX, 94) confirmavit. Critica haec ad parodiam iuris et evangelii procedit, ubi mandata divina ad pecuniam vertuntur: sententiae biblicae de mensura reddenda (Lc VI, 38) et de seminante qui metit (II Cor IX, 6) usurpantur ut significent solum eum audiri qui plenis manibus supplicet.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Eloquentia antiqua, cuius symbolum est [[Marcus Tullius Cicero|Cicero]], coram pecuniae vi tacet; secundum sententiam ex [[Liber Ecclesiasticus|Ecclesiastico]] (XIII, 28) desumptam, divite loquente omnes silere coguntur. Iudices vero, qui [[Corpus Iuris Civilis]] [[Iustinianus I|Iustiniani]] sequi deberent, leges tamquam paleam inutilem neglegunt, triticum iustitiae spernentes. Poëta ludis verbis utitur ad corruptionem ecclesiae demonstrandam, marcas (monetam Germanicam) sancto Marco praeferens, et etymologiam facetam vocis “papa” fingens. Fatum hominum non iam a [[Parcae|Parcis]] antiquis regi videtur, sed a metallis pretiosis.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> Denique conditio mundi per inversionem valorum describitur: per ''{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|adynaton||en|qid=Q380217}}'' quoddam, [[Iuppiter]] in tartaro clauditur dum [[Pluto (deus)|Pluto]]—qui saepe cum Plutu, deo divitiarum, confunditur—in caelo regnat. Reditus a Curia non cum gloria sed cum “cornibus” (quae deum [[Mithras|Mithram]] revocant) fingitur, et res sacrae foedantur sicut margaritae ante porcos missae vel tabulae pictae in luto iacentes. Omnia haec sub regula parodica “do ut des” concluduntur, ubi promissio evangelica “date et dabitur vobis” in merum commercium mutatur.<ref name="rossi-2006-pp250-252" /> == Investigatio palaeographica musica == In hac investigatione, elementa musica carminis cuius titulus est {{Op|Utar contra vitia}} per artem palaeographicam examinantur. Quamvis hoc carmen in manuscripto dicto {{Op|Carmina Burana}} (München, BSB, Clm 4660) sine notatione superlineari servetur, structura eius metrica, quae in undeviginti vel viginti strophis goliardicis constat (forma 4×oˋooˋooˋoo–|oˋooˋooˋo), comparationem palaeographicam cum aliis fontibus musicis sicut contrafactis sinit. Investigatio palaeographica indicat hunc metrum communem et regularem aptum fuisse melodiis praeexistentibus, quarum exempla inveniuntur in cantione Gallica {{Op|Veine pleine de douçour|lingua=fr}} (RS 1970a) et in carmine {{Op|Apris ai qu'en chantant plour|lingua=fr}} (RS 2010). Hae fontes, in manuscriptis [[saeculum 13|saeculi XIII]] (sicut London, BL, Arundel 248 vel Paris, BNF, Fr. 846) servati, structuram plerumque litanicam ostendunt, ubi eadem melodia cum paucis variationibus pro quolibet versu repetitur, quod proprium erat strophis goliardicis antiquis.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42">{{Opus | titulus = Utar contra vitia carmine rebelli – CB 42 | contextus = Carmina Burana: ricerche sulla musica | url = https://www.examenapium.it/carmina/0-eds/042utar.html | tempus inspectionis = 2026-04-30 | domus editoria = Examen Apium }}.</ref> Palaeographia comparativa horum contrafactorum demonstrat quomodo melodiae ad usum clericorum vagantium accommodatae sint, praesertim cum in codice Arundel 248 nota quaedam pro extensione ultimi versūs inveniatur, more qui dicitur ''cum auctoritas''. In aliis codicibus, velut in Parisinis Fr. 847 et N.a.f. 1050, notationis lineamenta ricalcantur super versus carminis, naturam rhythmicam trochaicam confirmantia quae ex tetrametro classico derivatur. Ergo, etsi carmen CB 42 nuda verba praebet, analysis palaeographica aliorum coevorum codicum permittit restitutionem verisimilem soni et rhythmi huius invectivae contra curiam Romanam.<ref name="examen-apium-cb-42" /> == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * {{Ecce citatio | id = Rossi, 2006 | c = {{Opus | cognomen redactoris = Rossi | nomen redactoris = Petrus Victorius | titulus = Carmina Burana. Testo latino a fronte | annus = 2006 | annus primae editionis = 1989 | editio = 8 | locus = [[Mediolanum|Mediolani]] | domus editoria = Tascabili Bompiani | isbn = 88-452-5307-4 | lingua = it }} }} {{Carmina Burana}} [[Categoria:Index Carminum Buranorum]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae mediaevales]] ez3650mbw2pmi6ajoqpfwipqid5vg7v 0 325825 3974318 3966936 2026-07-24T21:20:01Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974318 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = “qui gloriam extendit” et aliae | imago = Tokugawa Yoshinobu by oil painting.jpg | capitulum = [[Ioxinobus Tokugawa]], ultimus xogun dynastiae Tokugawarum }} {{res|Ioxinobus}},<ref>“[...] licet tota civitas Cubota, ipse etiam Tonus {{lectio|Ioxinobus}} omni conatu contenderent, id sibi persuadere, non tamen se vel latum unguem à fide Christi abscessurum”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 30 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> seu {{res|Yoxinobus}},<ref>“Cum Xogun mandasset plurimos Christianos in Iendo affici supplicio, versabatur in eius aula Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus”; Ioannes Giram, Mutius Vitellescus, ''Historia laponensis anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Moguntiae, 1628): 29 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Lettera_annua_del_Giappone_dell_anno_162/hzwxyhoUHjoC?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=Yoxinobus&pg=PA29&printsec=frontcover].</ref> sive {{res|Ioxinobu}}<ref>“Anno 1623, sæniente adeò in Christianos Xoguno, erat in eodem palatio Ioxinobu Xataquedone Regni Deuani Toparcha”; ''Litterae Annuae Iaponiae Anni M.DC.XXIV.'' (Dilingae, 1628): 52 [https://www.google.it/books/edition/Litterae_Annvae_Iaponiae_Anni_M_DC_XXIV/jcZnAAAAcAAJ?hl=it&gbpv=1&dq=deuani&pg=PA52&printsec=frontcover].</ref> (indeclinabile), vulgo ''Yoshinobu'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] よしのぶ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 栄 (''yoshi'', id est 'gloria'), seu 吉 (''yoshi'', id est 'bona fortuna') atque 伸 (''nobu'', 'extendere') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yoshinobu Yoshinobu]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Ioxinobus Ishii]] * [[Ioxinobus Minowa]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Takeda Yoxinobus||ja|qid=Q837273}}, filius Takedae Xinguen * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Ioxinobus Tokugawa||ja|qid=Q287657}} * [[Yoxinobus Xadaquedonus]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] ncujasmkocxinciiprm6od1wxqtwra8 0 325837 3974319 3966931 2026-07-24T21:21:09Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974319 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = “heros felicitatis” et aliae | imago = Hashi-Yukio-2.jpg | capitulum = [[Yukius Hashi]], actor et cantor Iaponicus }} {{res|Yukius}},<ref>{{Opus|cognomen 1=Ciarrocchi|nomen 1=Victorius|titulus=DE YUKIO MISHIMA (14.01.1925 - 25.11.1970)|annus=2005|domus editoria=Ephemeris|url=http://ephemeris.alcuinus.net/archi2005/biographiae/mishima/index.php}}: “Etiam aliqui homines litterarum Iaponicarum parum aut nihilum docti forsitan quis fuerit Kimitakus Hiraoka, cui nomen vulgatius {{lectio|Yukius Mishima}}, haud ignorent.”</ref> vulgo ''Yukio'', est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in alphabeto [[hiragana]] ゆきお scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 幸 (''yuki'', id est 'felicitas'), atque 雄 (''o'', 'heros') sive 男 (''o'', 'vir') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/yukio Yukio]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Yukius Edano||ja|qid=Q732087}} * [[Yukius Goto]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Yukius Hashi||ja|qid=Q3124805}} * [[Yukius Hatoyama]] * [[Yukius Mishima]] * [[Yukius Shimomura]] * [[Yukius Tsuda]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[5513 Yukio]], asteroides [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 4ctkp3tocbyw6ub5hw3i24mhoaipacc 0 325852 3974316 3967064 2026-07-24T21:17:35Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974316 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Graeca | significatio = “bonum nuntium” | imago = VangelisElGrecopremiereDE2.jpg | capitulum = [[Evangelus Papathanasiu]], compositor Graecus }} {{res|Evangelus}} ([[Neograece]] Ευάγγελος sive Ευαγγέλης) est [[praenomen]] masculinum Graecum, e nomine [[Evangelium|Evangelii]] ductum, cuius significatio “bonum nuntium” est: e vocabulis ''eu'' (εὖ, 'bene') atque ''àngelma'' (ἄγγελμα, 'nuntium') originem ducit.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/evangelos Evangelos]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> {{res|Vangeles}} (Neograece Βαγγέλης) est alia forma nominis in usu apud Graecos.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/vangelis Vangelis]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> {{res|Evangelia}} (vulgo Ευαγγελία) est forma muliebris praenominis.<ref>''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/evangelia Evangelia]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> == Homines == * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Evangelus Aberof||el|qid=Q562162}} * [[Evangelus Apostolaces]] * [[Evangelus Benizelus]] * [[Evangelus Moutsopoulos]] * [[Evangelus Papathanasiu]], qui vulgo dicitur 'Vangelis' == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 4onl51khwcmtth7njx6bm35k7qmfq0a 0 325858 3974313 3967076 2026-07-24T21:14:56Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974313 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Britonica | significatio = “dignus pugnae” | imago = Hervé Nguetchouang.jpg | capitulum = [[Herveus Nguetchouang]], actor Cammaruniensis }} {{res|Herveus}}, sive {{res|Harveus}}, est [[cognomen]], nomen [[praenomen|praenomenque]] masculinum ([[Francogallice]] ''Hervé''; [[Anglice]] ''Harvey''), quod ab antiquo nomine [[Britonice|Britonico]] ''Hoiarnviu'' sive ''Haerviu'' ducitur:<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/harvey Harvey]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> ut videtur ''Haerviu'' e vocabulis ''hoiarn'' ('[[ferrum]]'),<ref name=":0" /> aut ''air'' ('pugna'),<ref name=":02">Vide paginam [https://www.etymonline.com/word/Harvey Harvey] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> atque ''viu'', sive ''vy'' ('dignus'),<ref>K. M. Sheard, ''Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names'' (2011): 270 [https://books.google.it/books?hl=it&id=FVyHTUQnnBgC&q=harvey#v=snippet&q=harvey&f=false]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> originem ducit. == Qui hoc cognomen habuerint == *[[Gulielmus Harveus]] == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Herveus Bituricensis]], sanctus * [[Lee Herveus Oswald]] * [[Samuel Herveus Shapiro]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Herveus J. Alter]] * [[Herveus Lavan Cliburn]] * [[Herveus Gosselin]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Herveus Milk||en|qid=Q17141}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Herveus Nguetchouang||fr|qid=Q107419713}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[4278 Harvey]], asteroides * [[Harvey Comitatus]] * [[Saint-Hervé]], commune Franciae [[Categoria:Cognomina]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] r6ptt1olyp5yugsmkenwcdy4z2z1s6i 3974314 3974313 2026-07-24T21:15:34Z Grufo 64423 3974314 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Britonica | significatio = “dignus pugnae” | imago = Hervé Nguetchouang.jpg | capitulum = [[Herveus Nguetchouang]], actor Cammaruniensis }} {{res|Herveus}}, sive {{res|Harveus}}, est [[cognomen]], nomen [[praenomen|praenomenque]] masculinum ([[Francogallice]] ''Hervé''; [[Anglice]] ''Harvey''), quod ab antiquo nomine [[Britonice|Britonico]] ''Hoiarnviu'' sive ''Haerviu'' ducitur:<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/harvey Harvey]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> ut videtur ''Haerviu'' e vocabulis ''hoiarn'' (‘[[ferrum]]’),<ref name=":0" /> aut ''air'' (‘pugna’),<ref name=":02">Vide paginam [https://www.etymonline.com/word/Harvey Harvey] apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref> atque ''viu'', sive ''vy'' (‘dignus’),<ref>K. M. Sheard, ''Llewellyn's Complete Book of Names'' (2011): 270 [https://books.google.it/books?hl=it&id=FVyHTUQnnBgC&q=harvey#v=snippet&q=harvey&f=false]. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> originem ducit. == Qui hoc cognomen habuerint == *[[Gulielmus Harveus]] == Qui hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Herveus Bituricensis]], sanctus * [[Lee Herveus Oswald]] * [[Samuel Herveus Shapiro]] == Qui hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Herveus J. Alter]] * [[Herveus Lavan Cliburn]] * [[Herveus Gosselin]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Herveus Milk||en|qid=Q17141}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Herveus Nguetchouang||fr|qid=Q107419713}} == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[4278 Harvey]], asteroides * [[Harvey Comitatus]] * [[Saint-Hervé]], commune Franciae [[Categoria:Cognomina]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] 2xo9kko31rqrox7ai0obbq9fecjntw7 0 326485 3974303 3969650 2026-07-24T21:05:20Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974303 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Latina | significatio = “paulus" atque “aemulus” | imago = Paul Émile Chabas - photo Henri Manuel.jpg | capitulum = [[Paulus Aemilius Chabas]], pictor Francogallicus }} {{res|Paulus Aemilius}} est nomen masculinum, quod e nominibus Latinis ''[[Paulus (nomen)|Paulo]]'' atque ''[[Paulus (nomen)|Aemilio]]'' componitur. Probabiliter in honorem ducis Romani antiqui [[Lucius Aemilius Paullus Macedonicus|Lucii Aemilii Paulli]] victoris [[Macedones|Macedonum]] adhibetur (sed cognomen eius ''Paullus'', non ''Paulus'', erat).<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/paulus Paulus]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Paulus Aemilius Bécat]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Paulus Aemilius Chabas||fr|qid=Q964791}} * [[Benedictus Paulus Aemilius Clapeyron]] * [[Paulus Aemilius Escobar Gaviria]] * [[Paulus Aemilius Janson]] * [[Paulus Aemilius Lecoq de Boisbaudran]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Paulus Aemilius Sfrondratus||it|qid=Q2518867}}, cardinalis * [[Paulus Aemilius Taviani]] * [[Paulus Aemilius de Souza]] == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Nomina composita]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] sscas707fvu5dcgumezij9hcd9hb6c7 0 326503 3974297 3970053 2026-07-24T20:54:46Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974297 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{disnomen}} {{Nomen | genus = Femininum | origo = Normannica | significatio = “nobilis” | imago = Carolyn Rodrigues-Birkett (cropped).jpg | capitulum = [[Carolina Allison Rodrigues]], mulier politica Guianensis }} {{ires|Alison}}, sive {{ires|Allison}}, vel {{ires|Allyson}}, est [[cognomen]], nomen atque [[praenomen]] femininum Anglicum, deminutivum antiqui nominis [[Normannice|Normannici]] ''Aalis'' ([[Alicia]]).<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/gillian Alison - 1]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}.</ref><ref name=":02">Vide paginam ''[https://www.etymonline.com/word/Alison Alison]'' apud ''Online Etymology Dictionary''. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Quae vel qui hoc cognomen habuerint == * [[Iacobus Allison]] * [[June Allyson]] == Quae hoc nomen habuerint == * [[Carolina Allison Rodrigues]] * [[Taylor Alison Swift]] == Quae hoc praenomen habuerint == * [[Alison Bechdel]] * [[Alison Lurie]] * [[Allison Janney]] * [[Alison Redford]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Alison Van Uytvanck||nl|qid=Q1976217}} == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Cognomina Anglica]] [[Categoria:Nomina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina feminina]] axv08tfmrywzw45v7o6pbr7xj9ivg8d 0 326539 3974294 3970127 2026-07-24T20:52:22Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974294 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = “heros militaris" et aliae | imago = Navy Commander Hirose Takeo by Kobayashi Kiyochika Detail.jpg | capitulum = [[Takeo Hirose]], [[navarchus]] Iaponicus. }} {{ires|Takeo}} est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in [[alphabetum|alphabeto]] [[hiragana]] たけお scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 武 (''take'', id est 'res militaris'), atque 雄 (''o'', 'heros') sive 夫 (''o'', 'vir' vel 'maritus') derivatur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/takeo Takeo]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Takeo Fukuda]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Takeo Hirose||ja|qid=Q711769}} * [[Takeo Miki]] * [[Takeo Takahashi]] * [[Takeo Wakabayashi]] == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Takeo (urbs)|Takeo|ja|qid=Q877220}}, urbs Iaponica [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] 7cnde7onkuxm0cc6wvxs2q00fdptp2t 0 326550 3974291 3970279 2026-07-24T20:49:13Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974291 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = variae | imago = Yakusho Koji from “Actor in Focus Koji YAKUSHO" at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2018 (31747026708).jpg | capitulum = [[Kōji Yakusho]], actor Iaponicus }} {{res|Kōji}} est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in [[alphabetum|alphabeto]] [[hiragana]] こうじ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 浩 (''kō'', id est 'prosper'), seu 幸 (''kō'', 'felicitas') sive 康 (''kō'', 'pax') atque 二 (''ji'', 'duo'), vel 次 (''ji'', 'proximus'), componitur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ko23ji Kōji]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Koji Funamoto]] * [[Kōji Kondō]] * [[Koji Kondo (pedilusor)]] * [[Koji Miyata]] * [[Koji Nakata]] * [[Koji Noguchi]] * [[Koji Sasaki]] * [[Koji Tanaka]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Yakusho||ja|qid=Q975146}} * [[Koji Yamase]] == In operibus artificiosis == {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Kabuto||en|qid=Q1096018}} (vulgo 兜 甲児, ''Kabuto Kōji'') est magna persona in [[manga]] ''[[Mazinger Z]]'' ab auctore [[Gō Nagai]] anno 1972 creato. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[8286 Kouji]], [[asteroides]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] g5a59vogwiet0o1n5ufk1j14nj0mxnu 3974292 3974291 2026-07-24T20:49:42Z Grufo 64423 3974292 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = variae | imago = Yakusho Koji from "Actor in Focus Koji YAKUSHO" at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2018 (31747026708).jpg | capitulum = [[Kōji Yakusho]], actor Iaponicus }} {{res|Kōji}} est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in [[alphabetum|alphabeto]] [[hiragana]] こうじ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 浩 (''kō'', id est 'prosper'), seu 幸 (''kō'', 'felicitas') sive 康 (''kō'', 'pax') atque 二 (''ji'', 'duo'), vel 次 (''ji'', 'proximus'), componitur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ko23ji Kōji]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Koji Funamoto]] * [[Kōji Kondō]] * [[Koji Kondo (pedilusor)]] * [[Koji Miyata]] * [[Koji Nakata]] * [[Koji Noguchi]] * [[Koji Sasaki]] * [[Koji Tanaka]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Yakusho||ja|qid=Q975146}} * [[Koji Yamase]] == In operibus artificiosis == {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Kabuto||en|qid=Q1096018}} (vulgo 兜 甲児, ''Kabuto Kōji'') est magna persona in [[manga]] ''[[Mazinger Z]]'' ab auctore [[Gō Nagai]] anno 1972 creato. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[8286 Kouji]], [[asteroides]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] slynv0hcgdsflxzcmwebvhyld2xwcf5 3974295 3974292 2026-07-24T20:52:45Z Grufo 64423 3974295 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Pagina discretiva nominis}} {{Nomen | genus = Masculinum | origo = Iaponica | significatio = variae | imago = Yakusho Koji from "Actor in Focus Koji YAKUSHO" at Opening Ceremony of the Tokyo International Film Festival 2018 (31747026708).jpg | capitulum = [[Kōji Yakusho]], actor Iaponicus }} {{ires|Kōji}} est [[praenomen]] masculinum [[Iaponice|Iaponicum]] (in [[alphabetum|alphabeto]] [[hiragana]] こうじ scriptum).<ref name=":0" /> Inter varias uniones, praenomen e [[kanji]] 浩 (''kō'', id est 'prosper'), seu 幸 (''kō'', 'felicitas') sive 康 (''kō'', 'pax') atque 二 (''ji'', 'duo'), vel 次 (''ji'', 'proximus'), componitur.<ref name=":0">''Behind the Name'', s.v. “[https://www.behindthename.com/name/ko23ji Kōji]”. {{Ling|Anglice}}</ref> == Homines == * [[Koji Funamoto]] * [[Kōji Kondō]] * [[Koji Kondo (pedilusor)]] * [[Koji Miyata]] * [[Koji Nakata]] * [[Koji Noguchi]] * [[Koji Sasaki]] * [[Koji Tanaka]] * {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Yakusho||ja|qid=Q975146}} * [[Koji Yamase]] == In operibus artificiosis == {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Kōji Kabuto||en|qid=Q1096018}} (vulgo 兜 甲児, ''Kabuto Kōji'') est magna persona in [[manga]] ''[[Mazinger Z]]'' ab auctore [[Gō Nagai]] anno 1972 creato. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[8286 Kouji]], [[asteroides]] [[Categoria:Praenomina masculina]] [[Categoria:Praenomina Iaponica]] 94kozcw3k5i79ozp0xmjhezxe26vc0s 0 326692 3974216 3973484 2026-07-24T15:57:01Z Neander 1973 3974216 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Kinema-Junpo-1967-March-late-2.jpg|thumb|Scaena pelliculae Godardianae {{Op|Pierrot le fou}} ([[1967]])]] [[Fasciculus: François Truffaut (1963).jpg|thumb|Franciscus Truffaut (a sinistra) imprimendae pelliculae interest (anno 1963).]] {{ires|Nova unda Francica}} ([[Francogallice]] ‘la Nouvelle vague’) fuit genus cinematographicum {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|cinematographia Francica|pellicularum Francicarum|fr|qid=Q242080}}, quod fere ad [[anni 1960|annos 1960]] pertinuit. Sed origo motūs ponenda est in anno [[1959]], quo duae pelliculae exemplares — ''[[Les Quatre cents coups (pellicula 1959)|Les Quatre cents coups]] a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] diposita, et {{Op|{{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Hiroshima, mon amour (pellicula 1959)|Hiroshima, mon amour|fr|qid=Q283036}}}} ab [[Alanus Resnais|Alano Resnais]] facta — in lucem editae sunt. Praeterea addenda est ''[[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]]'' a [[Ioannes Lucas Godard|Ioanne Luca Godard]] anno [[1960]] disposita. Illi tres dispositores auctores Novae undae habentur. Aliae auctores insignes sunt [[Claudius Chabrol]], [[Iacobus Rivette]], [[Ericus Rohmer]], [[Ludovicus Malle]], [[Agnes Varda]]. == De cinematographandi ratione == Pelliculae novas exprimendi rationes induerunt, inter quas cinematographandi diuturnitatem aliquot minutorum (sicut nota illa viae constipatio in pellicula Godardiana ''[[Week-end (pellicula 1967)|Week-end]]''). Pelliculae etiam themata [[exsistentialismus|exsistentialistica]] habuerunt, quae hominem singularem in conspectum adducebant et absurditatem existentiae humanae adprobabant. Non solum themata et expressiones magni momenti erant, sed etiam cinematographandi modus. Dispositores Novae undae Francicae saepe in urbe pelliculas imprimebant et se a consilio pellicularum in [[officina cinematographica]] faciendarum distabant. Maximeque levitate machinarum et luminum et sonorum usi sunt. Plures Novae undae pelliculae profluentia motuum agnoscuntur, saepe in scaenis, ubi cinematographus personas pelliculae Parisiis per vias ambulantes sequitur. Pelliculae Novae undae opibus parvis cinematographari solebant, et quidem saepe in aedibus amicorum dispositoris. Et grex cinematographorum et catervae histrionum saepe ex eodem circulo amicorum orti sunt. Dispositores apparatus ex tempore usu recipiebant, sicut [[currus emptorius|currum emptorium]], quo suggestu mobili machinae cinematographicae utebantur. Sumptus etiam difficultates adferebant, et parsimoniae conatus pellicularum in nova genera cinematographica consecuti sunt, ​​sicut nonnullae scaenae in pellicula Godardiana ''À bout de souffle'' "sectiones saltatorias" (''jump cuts'') tenorem narrationis interrumpentes habent, quia uno longo [[captus (cinematographia)|captu]] cinematographatae sunt et partes ad narrationem non pertinentes simpliciter excisae sunt. == Influxio Novae undae in cinematographiam internationalem == Nova unda magnopere in cinematographiam [[CFA|Americanam]] influxit. Post [[Arthurus Penn|Arthurii Penn]] pelliculam ''[[Bonnie and Clyde (pellicula 1967)|Bonnie et Clyde]]'' ([[1967]]),<ref>Pountain 2017.</ref> dispositores sicut [[Robertus Altman]], [[Franciscus Ford Coppola]], [[Brianus De Palma]], [[Martinus Scorsese]] pelliculas praesertim Nova unda Francica inspiratas exeuntibus annis 1960 et aliquanto post facere coeperunt.<ref>Hoskins 2026.</ref> Posteriores quoque generationes cinematographorum, sicut [[Quentinus Tarantino]], [[Sofia Coppola]], [[Paulus Thomas Anderson]], [[Ricardus Linklater]], [[Wes Anderson]], influxus ex Nova unda habuerunt.<ref>Hoskins 2026.</ref> Itaque ''A Band Apart'', productionis societas Quentini Tarantino, nomen trahit a pellicula Godardiana ''[[Bande à part (pellicula 1964)|Bande à part]]''.<ref>Bose 2023.</ref> Anno [[2025]], pellicula vel potius metapellicula ''[[Nouvelle Vague (pellicula 2025)|Nouvelle Vague]]'' a Ricardo Linklater disposita est, in qua de facienda pellicula Godardiana [[À bout de souffle (pellicula 1960)|À bout de souffle]] agitur. == Notae == <references /> == Bibliographia == * Bose, Swapnil Dhruv (2023) [https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/jean-luc-godard-quentin-tarantino-ultimate-hero How Jean-Luc Godard became Quentin Tarantino’s ultimate hero]. ''Farout'', Kalendis Augusti. * Hoskins, James (2026) The French New Wave, New Hollywood, and the role of Post Modernism. ''Academia'', 23 Februarii. * {{Opus | cognomen auctoris = Marie | nomen auctoris = Marcel | titulus = La Nouvelle Vague: Une école artistique | annus = 1997 | domus editoria = Nathan | locus = [[Lutetia]]e | url = https://archive.org/details/lanouvellevagueu0000mari | accessus ad url = socii | isbn = 2-09-190690-5 }} * Pountain, David (2017) [https://lwlies.com/in-praise-of/bonnie-and-clyde-french-new-wave-hollywood How Bonnie and Clyde brought the French New Wave to Hollywood]. ''Little White Lies'', 8 Iulii. sof8ehvpgkdn2enpuodqufta64uo77j 0 326812 3974283 3973625 2026-07-24T20:39:02Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:Creanda|creanda]]}} → {{[[Formula:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|subst:pcc]]}} 3974283 wikitext text/x-wiki [[Fasciculus:Mactan-harbour.jpg|thumb|[[Portus]] Mactanensis.]] {{res|Mactan}}, sive {{res|Mactán}}, est [[insula]] ante [[oriens|orientale]] [[litus]] [[Caebua]]num, in {{safesubst:Nexus ad paginam creandam creatamve|Mactan (provincia)|provincia eiusdem nominis|en|qid=Q841}} in [[Philippinae|Philippinis]]. Insula dividitur inter municipia Córdobae et Lapu-Lapu. Cum insula Cebu coniungitur duobus magnis pontibus, scilicet Ponte Marcelo Fernan et Ponte Mactán-Mandaue. Anno 1521, dux [[Ferdinandus Magellanus|Fernão de Magalhães]] hic appulit, qui a principe indigenis [[LapuLapu]] interfectus est. Quare expeditio quae viam maritimam ad Moluccas quaerebat a [[Ioannes Sebastianus Elcano|Ioanne Sebastiano Elcano]] duci perrecta, qui eam perfecit. In insula situs est [[Aeroportus]] Internationalis Mactan-Cebu, secundus a maximis Philippinarum quod ad commeatum pertinet. Industria et peregrinatio fundamenta oeconomiae hodiernae huius insulae sunt. == Notae == <references /> {{NexInt}} * [[Lapulapu]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|Mactan|Mactan}} * [https://web.archive.org/web/20160703052029/http://www.swaen.com/antique-map-image-of.php?id=1191 Charta] {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Insulae Philippinarum]] ine1k96ycd17y1mpo1ob8gx8xy9qtyv 0 326880 3974191 3974065 2026-07-24T14:23:06Z Andrew Dalby 1084 bibl 3974191 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Title page of Leonhart Fuchs' 'de Historia...' Wellcome L0035307.jpg|thumb|Titulus editionis primae (Wellcome Collection)]] {{ires|De historia stirpium commentarii insignes}} est liber botanicus a [[Leonhartus Fuchsius|Leonharto Fuchsio]] [[Latine]] scriptus, anno [[1542]] [[Basilea]]e divulgatus. Annis insequentibus saepius Latine, bis [[Theodisce]] (1543, 1563), semel [[Batave]] (1543) impressus est. [[Lutetia]]e (1547) et [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] (1558) [[Francogallice]] bis conversus est. Editiones plures Lugdunenses [[Latine]] proderunt. == Editiones et versiones == * 1542 : ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes''. Basileae: in officina Isingriniana; [https://archive.org/details/Dehistoriastirp00Fuch Textus apud Internet Archive]; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9127770v apud Gallica]; [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t83k0tp34 apud Hathi Trust]; [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-SEL-00002-00081/7 apud Cantabrigienses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/543675 apud e-rara] * 1543 : ''New Kreüterbuoch, in welchem nit allein die gantz histori das ist namen gestalt statt und zeit der wachsung natur krafft und würckung des meysten theyls der Kreüter so in Teütschen unnd andern Landen wachsen mit dem besten vleiss beschriben sonder auch aller derselben wurtzel stengel bletter bluomen samen frücht und in summa die gantze gestalt allso artlich und kunstlich abgebildet und contrafayt ist''. Basileae: Isingrin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00017437 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/529405 apud e-rara] * 1543 : ''Den nieuwen herbarius, dat is, dboeck vanden cruyden''. Basileae: Isingrin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00024767 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/360629 apud e-rara] * 1546 : (editio sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes ... Leonharto Fuchsio medico clarissimo authore ... accedit ... vocum difficilium ... explicatio''. Parisiis: apud Maturinum Dupuys; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10192672 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1546 : (editio sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes ... Leonharto Fuchsio medico clarissimo authore, multo quam antea castigiores ... accedit ... vocum difficilium ... explicatio, una cum triplici indice ...''. Parisiis: apud Ioannem Roigny; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11111597 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1547 : ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, Leonharto Fuchsio medico autore: accessit iis succincta vocum obscurarum in hoc opere occurrentium explicatio, unà cum triplici indice, Græcas, Latinas, et herbariis seu officinis usitatas nomenclaturas continente; adiecimus præterea indicem vulgarium seu Gallicarum dictionum, nunquam antehac excusum''. Lugduni: apud Gulielmum Gazellum; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k791732 Textus apud Gallica] * 1547-1548 : [[Eligius Maignan|Eloy Maignan]], interpr., ''Commentaires tres excellens de l'hystoire des plantes, composez premierement en latin par Leonarth Fousch, medecin tres renommé, et depuis nouvellement traduictz en langue françoise par un homme scavant & bien expert en la matiere''. Lutetiae: Jacques Gazeau; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040273v Textus apud Gallica] {{Google Books|R7v_Qq0bJwIC|editio 1549}} * 1549 : ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, adiectis earundem vivis et ad naturae imitationem artificiose expressis imaginibus''. Lugduni: apud Balthazarem Arnolletum; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k525016 Textus apud Gallica] {{Google Books|3fWFctV3hWIC}}. -- [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87023140 editio 1551 apud Gallica] * 1558 : [[Gulielmus Gueroult|Guillaume Gueroult]], interpr., ''L'histoire des plantes, mis en commentaires par Léonart Fuschs ... et nouvellement traduict de latin en françoys, avec vraye observation de l'auteur''. Lugduni: Guillaume Rouille; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86082904 Textus apud Gallica] * 1563 : ''New Kreuterbuch, in welchem nit allein die gantz histori, das ist, namen, gestalt, statt und zeit der wachsung ... des meysten theyls der Kreuter so in Teutschen und andern Landen wachsen, ... beschriben, sonder auch aller derselben wurtzel, stengel, ... abgebildet und contrafayt ist''. Basileae: Isingrin ; [https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/13591478 Textus apud e-rara] * 1999 : Frederick Meyer, Emily Trueblood, John Heller, edd., ''The Great Herbal of Leonhart Fuchs: De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes, 1542: Vol 1 & 2''. Stanford Californiae: Stanford University Press * 2001 : Klaus Dobat, Werner Dressendorfer, edd., ''Leonhart Fuchs: The New Herbal of 1543''. Taschen == Nexus externi == * [http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/oct2002.html De hoc libro et auctore] apud bibliothecam Universitatis Glasguensis [[Categoria:Scripta 1542]] [[Categoria:Germaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Helvetiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]] [[Categoria:Libri botanici]] [[Categoria:Libri picti]] k8b409nuohu2n3ubb93jt3s7meeybz1 3974214 3974191 2026-07-24T15:24:07Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3974214 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Title page of Leonhart Fuchs' 'de Historia...' Wellcome L0035307.jpg|thumb|Titulus editionis primae (Wellcome Collection)]] {{ires|De historia stirpium commentarii insignes}} est liber botanicus a [[Leonhartus Fuchsius|Leonharto Fuchsio]] [[Latine]] scriptus, anno [[1542]] [[Basilea]]e divulgatus. Annis insequentibus saepius Latine, bis [[Theodisce]] (1543, 1563), semel [[Batave]] (1543) impressus est. [[Lutetia]]e (1547) et [[Lugdunum|Lugduni]] (1558) [[Francogallice]] bis conversus est. Editiones plures Lugdunenses [[Latine]] proderunt. == Editiones et versiones == * 1542 : ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes''. Basileae: in officina Isingriniana; [https://archive.org/details/Dehistoriastirp00Fuch Textus apud Internet Archive]; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k9127770v apud Gallica]; [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=gri.ark:/13960/t83k0tp34 apud Hathi Trust]; [https://cudl.lib.cam.ac.uk/view/PR-SEL-00002-00081/7 apud Cantabrigienses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/543675 apud e-rara] * 1543 : (editio minor) ''New Kreüterbuoch, in welchem nit allein die gantz histori das ist namen gestalt statt und zeit der wachsung natur krafft und würckung des meysten theyls der Kreüter so in Teütschen unnd andern Landen wachsen mit dem besten vleiss beschriben sonder auch aller derselben wurtzel stengel bletter bluomen samen frücht und in summa die gantze gestalt allso artlich und kunstlich abgebildet und contrafayt ist''. Basileae: Isingrin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00017437 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/529405 apud e-rara] {{Google Books|1F5fAAAAcAAJ}} * 1543 : ''Den nieuwen herbarius, dat is, dboeck vanden cruyden''. Basileae: Isingrin; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb00024767 Textus apud Monacenses]; [https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/titleinfo/360629 apud e-rara] * 1546 : (editio sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes ... Leonharto Fuchsio medico clarissimo authore, multo quam antea castigiores ... accessit ... vocum difficilium ... explicatio, una cum triplici indice ...''. Parisiis: apud Maturinum Dupuys; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10192672 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1546 : (editio sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes ... Leonharto Fuchsio medico clarissimo authore, multo quam antea castigiores ... accessit ... vocum difficilium ... explicatio, una cum triplici indice ...''. Parisiis: apud Ioannem Roigny; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11111597 Textus apud Monacenses] {{Google Books|bVe9KRIS3wAC}} * 1546 : (editio minor sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes ... Leonharto Fuchsio medico clarissimo authore ... accessit ... vocum difficilium ... explicatio, una cum triplici indice ...''. Parisiis: apud Iacobum Bogardum; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11271986 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1547 : (editio minor sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, Leonharto Fuchsio medico autore: accessit iis succincta vocum obscurarum ... explicatio, unà cum triplici indice ... adiecimus præterea indicem vulgarium seu Gallicarum dictionum, nunquam antehac excusum''. Lugduni: apud Gulielmum Gazellum; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k791732 Textus apud Gallica]; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10186503 apud Monacenses]. * 1547-1548 : [[Eligius Maignan|Eloy Maignan]], interpr., ''Commentaires tres excellens de l'hystoire des plantes, composez premierement en latin par Leonarth Fousch, medecin tres renommé, et depuis nouvellement traduictz en langue françoise par un homme scavant & bien expert en la matiere''. Lutetiae: Jacques Gazeau; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k1040273v Textus apud Gallica] {{Google Books|R7v_Qq0bJwIC|editio 1549}} * 1549 : ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, adiectis earundem vivis et ad naturae imitationem artificiose expressis imaginibus''. Lugduni: apud Balthazarem Arnolletum; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k525016 Textus apud Gallica] {{Google Books|3fWFctV3hWIC}} [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10192674 apud Monacenses]. -- [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k87023140 editio 1551 apud Gallica]; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb11271988 apud Monacenses] * 1555 : (editio minor sine imaginibus) ''De historia stirpium commentarii insignes, Leonharto Fuchsio medico autore: accessit iis succincta vocum obscurarum ... explicatio, unà cum quintuplici indice ... ''. Lugduni: apud Ioan. Tornaesium et Gulielmum Gazeium; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10192678 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1557 : (editio minor, textu abbreviato) ''Historia de yervas y plantas de Leonardo Fuchsio Aleman, docto varon en medicina ... traducidas nuevamente en español ...'' En Anvers [Antwerpiae], en la Gallina gorda, por los herederos de Arnaldo Byrcman; [https://www.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/view/bsb10192679 Textus apud Monacenses] * 1558 : [[Gulielmus Gueroult|Guillaume Gueroult]], interpr., ''L'histoire des plantes, mis en commentaires par Léonart Fuschs ... et nouvellement traduict de latin en françoys, avec vraye observation de l'auteur''. Lugduni: Guillaume Rouille; [https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b86082904 Textus apud Gallica] * 1563 : ''New Kreuterbuch, in welchem nit allein die gantz histori, das ist, namen, gestalt, statt und zeit der wachsung ... des meysten theyls der Kreuter so in Teutschen und andern Landen wachsen, ... beschriben, sonder auch aller derselben wurtzel, stengel, ... abgebildet und contrafayt ist''. Basileae: Isingrin ; [https://www.e-rara.ch/zut/content/titleinfo/13591478 Textus apud e-rara] * 1575 : Guillaume Gueroult, interpr., ''L'histoire des plantes reduicte en tres bon ordre, augmentée de plusieurs simples ... et illustrée par les commentaires de Leonarth Fusch ...''. Lugduni: par Charles Pesnot {{Google Books|IgZfAAAAcAAJ}} * 1999 : Frederick Meyer, Emily Trueblood, John Heller, edd., ''The Great Herbal of Leonhart Fuchs: De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes, 1542: Vol 1 & 2''. Stanford Californiae: Stanford University Press * 2001 : Klaus Dobat, Werner Dressendorfer, edd., ''Leonhart Fuchs: The New Herbal of 1543''. Taschen == Nexus externi == * [http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/oct2002.html De hoc libro et auctore] apud bibliothecam Universitatis Glasguensis [[Categoria:Scripta 1542]] [[Categoria:Germaniae scripta]] [[Categoria:Helvetiae scripta]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latinae Renascentes]] [[Categoria:Libri botanici]] [[Categoria:Libri picti]] fmrgzaojbqod8xzigf7vflvaftc6te3 0 326888 3974179 2026-07-24T14:08:37Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baddeckenstedt]] ad [[Baddekenstedium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974179 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Baddekenstedium]] o8q2xncgmtrpxrt1rakr6opzqq01d2s 0 326889 3974187 2026-07-24T14:17:55Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baddeckenstedt (commune generale)]] ad [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974187 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Baddekenstedium (commune generale)]] f0xe6q5a9t3x0vgmiy27ubxp4urfmnt 0 326890 3974222 2026-07-24T16:18:41Z Neander 1973 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{Pellicula |Imago=JeanPierreLeaud-StudioHarcourt-1959.png |Titulus=Les Quatre Cents Coups |Latinus titulus=Artificiis districtus |Annus=[[1959]] |Moderator=[[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Scriptor= [[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Actores= [[Ioannes Petrus Léaud]] |Compositor= |Duratio=99 minuta |Lingua=[[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] }} {{ires|Les Quatre Cents Coups}} ('Artificiis districtus'<ref>Titulus pelliculae ad verborum significationem 'quadringent...' 3974222 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pellicula |Imago=JeanPierreLeaud-StudioHarcourt-1959.png |Titulus=Les Quatre Cents Coups |Latinus titulus=Artificiis districtus |Annus=[[1959]] |Moderator=[[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Scriptor= [[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Actores= [[Ioannes Petrus Léaud]] |Compositor= |Duratio=99 minuta |Lingua=[[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] }} {{ires|Les Quatre Cents Coups}} ('Artificiis districtus'<ref>Titulus pelliculae ad verborum significationem 'quadringenta artificia' converti potest, sed quia ''faire les quatre cents coups'' [[idioma]] est, quod potius fere 'sescenta artificia committere' significat, titulum Latinum ad sensum reddidimus.</ref>) est pellicula [[Francia|Francica]] a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] anno [[1959]] disposita, et quidem prima taenia ab eodem facta. Prima persona ([[Antonius Doinel]]) ab [[Ioannes Petrus Léaud|Ioanne Petro Léaud]] sustenta est. Quae pellicula ex sua parte originem [[Nova unda Francica|Novae undae Francicae]] significavit. Dedicata est [[Andreas Bazin|Andreae Bazin]], conditori ephemeridis ''[[Cahiers du cinéma]]''. In pellicula Truffaut partim de eventis vitae suae et amicorum refert. Praesertim memorabilis est scaena mutuata a ''[[Zéro de conduite]]'', pellicula classica ab [[Ioannes Vigo|Ioanne Vigo]] anno [[1933]] disposita. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Pelliculae 1959]] 1c3c1h21axlr8mv5hh9kguo4d462qjc 3974278 3974222 2026-07-24T20:06:32Z IacobusAmor 1163 Titulus italicus 3974278 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} {{Pellicula |Imago=JeanPierreLeaud-StudioHarcourt-1959.png |Titulus=''Les Quatre Cents Coups'' |Latinus titulus=Artificiis districtus |Annus=[[1959]] |Moderator=[[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Scriptor= [[Franciscus Truffaut]] |Actores= [[Ioannes Petrus Léaud]] |Compositor= |Duratio=99 minuta |Lingua=[[Lingua Francogallica|Francogallica]] }} {{ires|Les Quatre Cents Coups}} ('Artificiis districtus'<ref>Titulus pelliculae ad verborum significationem 'quadringenta artificia' converti potest, sed quia ''faire les quatre cents coups'' [[idioma]] est, quod potius fere 'sescenta artificia committere' significat, titulum Latinum ad sensum reddidimus.</ref>) est pellicula [[Francia|Francica]] a [[Franciscus Truffaut|Francisco Truffaut]] anno [[1959]] disposita, et quidem prima taenia ab eodem facta. Prima persona ([[Antonius Doinel]]) ab [[Ioannes Petrus Léaud|Ioanne Petro Léaud]] sustenta est. Quae pellicula ex sua parte originem [[Nova unda Francica|Novae undae Francicae]] significavit. Dedicata est [[Andreas Bazin|Andreae Bazin]], conditori ephemeridis ''[[Cahiers du cinéma]]''. In pellicula Truffaut partim de eventis vitae suae et amicorum refert. Praesertim memorabilis est scaena mutuata a ''[[Zéro de conduite]]'', pellicula classica ab [[Ioannes Vigo|Ioanne Vigo]] anno [[1933]] disposita. == Notae == <references /> [[Categoria:Pelliculae 1959]] tj6f1gxlcyynrwixg9jhnwxqx4bbrt6 0 326891 3974245 2026-07-24T18:51:46Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3974245 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:La Grande-Fosse.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|Magna Fossa: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Gumbertus|Sancto Gumberto]] dicata.]] {{res|Magna Fossa}} seu '''Grandifossa'''<ref>{{Graesse}}, t. 2, p. 444.</ref> ([[Francogallice]]: ''La Grande-Fosse'') est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 126 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|La Grande-Fosse|Magnam Fossam}} {{Fontes geographici}} == Notae == <references /> {{geo-stipula}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] 1v3ir8un9ev1na1d8z07uold7rxre6l 1 326892 3974246 2026-07-24T18:53:10Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3974246 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|La Grande-Fosse|237754173}} 9irmuv7n07ctip08ccu9vtcj38kw12s 0 326893 3974250 2026-07-24T19:03:32Z Pippobuono 54500 creatio a francica documentatione 3974250 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Capsa urbis Vicidatorum}} [[Fasciculus:La Petite-Fosse.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|left|La Petite-Fosse: [[ecclesia (aedificium)|ecclesia]] [[Sanctus Iosephus|Sancto Iosepho]] dicata.]] {{res|La Petite-Fosse}} est [[commune]] [[Francia|Francicum]] 91 incolarum (anno [[2023]]) [[Tabula administrativa Franciae|praefecturae]] [[Vosegus (praefectura Franciae)|Vosegi]] in regione [[Magnus Oriens|Magno Oriente]]. {{NexInt}} * [[Index communium praefecturae Vosegi]] == Nexus externi == {{CommuniaCat|La Petite-Fosse|La Petite-Fosse}} {{Fontes geographici}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Petite Fosse, La}} [[Categoria:Communia praefecturae Vosegi]] [[Categoria:Loci habitati praefecturae Vosegi]] au2wysmwjis67639n9y3zagpzy6ojxi 1 326894 3974251 2026-07-24T19:04:28Z Pippobuono 54500 attributio 3974251 wikitext text/x-wiki {{attributio|fr|La Petite-Fosse|237249706}} p7svwfbbx2ag0b9ifd6shr4sk8tco06 0 326895 3974255 2026-07-24T19:19:36Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Grund]] ad [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974255 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica]] mzijm4trt6vhytrm8sovukcefzla7jv 0 326896 3974258 2026-07-24T19:25:05Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Grund (commune generale)]] ad [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974258 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Grundensis Civitas Metallica (commune generale)]] np16306pr50rrppj60fl2z1vwrngo9i 0 326897 3974268 2026-07-24T19:53:21Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Paginam instituit, scribens '{{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi ==' 3974268 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == czmrlkbhlli33urf0rh1f3bu9mjtlmy 3974271 3974268 2026-07-24T19:58:29Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] 3974271 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] aelzhp2axu0zmw2dqbua0v78o5f2ud6 3974272 3974271 2026-07-24T19:58:43Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Epistulae]] 3974272 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] 3b6edye6u2l2ei3x1qhq47kzr03u73g 3974273 3974272 2026-07-24T19:59:48Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] 3974273 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] ggy6t9snstw8dml5bqwskl3kxhy6j10 3974274 3974273 2026-07-24T20:00:16Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] 3974274 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] 4mkgvc3rvw8voi054023o2jz2mqmt88 3974275 3974274 2026-07-24T20:00:51Z Andrew Dalby 1084 [[Project:HotCat|HotCat]]: +[[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] 3974275 wikitext text/x-wiki {{In usu}} {{Titulus italicus}} {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} scripta est a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]]. == Editiones et versiones == == Bibliographia == == Nexus externi == [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] 9g1kcjzubgkposmm51h84oxyek3jsj8 3974287 3974275 2026-07-24T20:46:53Z Andrew Dalby 1084 + 3974287 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Carta Colon 1493 manuscrito Simancas.JPG|thumb|Manuscriptum epistulae anno 1493, scriba aut Columbo, aut Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] {{ires|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} (titulo variis modis in editionibus dati) a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]] scripta est. Huius epistulae ultima verba die [[14 Februarii]] [[1493]] inseruit dum navis prope [[Insula Sanctae Mariae (Azores)|insulam S. Mariae]] archipelagi [[Azores|Azorum]] iacebat. De hac re aut incertus aut incertitudinem fingens "[[insulae Canariae|insulas Canarias]]" iuxta subscriptionem posuit: haec enim insulae [[regnum Castellae|regno Castellae]], [[Azores]] regno [[Portugalliae|Portugallensi]] pertinebant. Epistulam cancellario [[Ludovicus de Sancto Angelo|Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] direxit: dum navis iuxta {{safesubst:creanda/m|Restelo|pt|Restelo|t=2026-07-24 20:46:47}} [[Olisipo]]nis morabat ad aulam regum catholicorum commisit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones [[Fasciculus:Houghton Inc 7988 - title.jpg|thumb|Titulus vel frontispicium editionis Latinae [[Lutetia]]e anno fere 1493 divulgatae]] * Epistola Hispanice scripta. Barcinone: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 * '' * ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica). Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893 {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * Samuel Eliot Morison, interpr., ''Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus''. Novi Eboraci, 1963 [https://archive.org/details/journalsdocumentscolumbus Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio, sine epistulis "novis", 1982) * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (editio versionis Latinae cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulo Latino: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) ; Eruditio * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in Portuguese Studies vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] fkoab5lvbws1kd3wtpf2enlix3pk332 3974320 3974287 2026-07-24T21:22:26Z Grufo 64423 m 3974320 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Carta Colon 1493 manuscrito Simancas.JPG|thumb|Manuscriptum epistulae anno 1493, scriba aut Columbo, aut Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] {{ores|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} (titulo variis modis in editionibus dati) a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]] scripta est. Huius epistulae ultima verba die [[14 Februarii]] [[1493]] inseruit dum navis prope [[Insula Sanctae Mariae (Azores)|insulam S. Mariae]] archipelagi [[Azores|Azorum]] iacebat. De hac re aut incertus aut incertitudinem fingens "[[insulae Canariae|insulas Canarias]]" iuxta subscriptionem posuit: haec enim insulae [[regnum Castellae|regno Castellae]], [[Azores]] regno [[Portugalliae|Portugallensi]] pertinebant. Epistulam cancellario [[Ludovicus de Sancto Angelo|Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] direxit: dum navis iuxta {{safesubst:creanda/m|Restelo|pt|Restelo|t=2026-07-24 20:46:47}} [[Olisipo]]nis morabat ad aulam regum catholicorum commisit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones [[Fasciculus:Houghton Inc 7988 - title.jpg|thumb|Titulus vel frontispicium editionis Latinae [[Lutetia]]e anno fere 1493 divulgatae]] * Epistola Hispanice scripta. Barcinone: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 * ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica). Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893 {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * Samuel Eliot Morison, interpr., ''Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus''. Novi Eboraci, 1963 [https://archive.org/details/journalsdocumentscolumbus Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio, sine epistulis "novis", 1982) * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (editio versionis Latinae cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulo Latino: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) ; Eruditio * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in Portuguese Studies vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] 90hhg9gzm7nfx1qq29um5eg8bp4tpdz 3974431 3974320 2026-07-25T08:03:59Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3974431 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Carta Colon 1493 manuscrito Simancas.JPG|thumb|Manuscriptum epistulae anno 1493, scriba aut Columbo, aut Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] {{ores|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} (titulo variis modis in editionibus dati) a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]] scripta est. Huius epistulae ultima verba die [[14 Februarii]] [[1493]] inseruit dum navis prope [[Insula Sanctae Mariae (Azores)|insulam S. Mariae]] archipelagi [[Azores|Azorum]] iacebat. De hac re aut incertus aut incertitudinem fingens "[[insulae Canariae|insulas Canarias]]" iuxta subscriptionem posuit: haec enim insulae [[regnum Castellae|regno Castellae]], [[Azores]] regno [[Portugalliae|Portugallensi]] pertinebant. Epistulam cancellario [[Ludovicus de Sancto Angelo|Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] direxit: dum navis iuxta {{safesubst:creanda/m|Restelo|pt|Restelo|t=2026-07-24 20:46:47}} [[Olisipo]]nis morabat ad aulam regum catholicorum commisit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones [[Fasciculus:Houghton Inc 7988 - title.jpg|thumb|Titulus vel frontispicium editionis Latinae [[Lutetia]]e anno fere 1493 divulgatae]] * Epistola Hispanice scripta. Barcinone: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 * ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica). Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893 {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * Samuel Eliot Morison, interpr., ''Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus''. Novi Eboraci, 1963 [https://archive.org/details/journalsdocumentscolumbus Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966 * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio 1982) * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (editio versionis Latinae cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulo Latino: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) ; Eruditio * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in Portuguese Studies vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] ex0cbqe2apmogguh271muleyp6y7zdz 3974435 3974431 2026-07-25T09:00:53Z Andrew Dalby 1084 3974435 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Titulus italicus}} [[Fasciculus:Carta Colon 1493 manuscrito Simancas.JPG|thumb|Manuscriptum epistulae anno 1493, scriba aut Columbo, aut Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] {{ores|Epistola de insulis nuper inventis}} (titulo variis modis in editionibus dato) a [[Christophorus Columbus|Christophoro Columbo]] scripta est. Huius epistulae ultima verba die [[14 Februarii]] [[1493]] inseruit dum navis prope [[Insula Sanctae Mariae (Azores)|insulam S. Mariae]] archipelagi [[Azores|Azorum]] iacebat. De sito aut incertus aut incertitudinem fingens "[[insulae Canariae|insulas Canarias]]" iuxta subscriptionem posuit: haec enim insulae [[regnum Castellae|regno Castellae]], [[Azores]] regno [[Portugalliae|Portugallensi]] pertinebant. Epistulam cancellario [[Ludovicus de Sancto Angelo|Ludovico de Sancto Angelo]] direxit: dum navis iuxta {{safesubst:creanda/m|Restelo|pt|Restelo|t=2026-07-24 20:46:47}} [[Olisipo]]nis morabat ad aulam regum catholicorum commisit. == Bibliographia == ; Editiones et versiones [[Fasciculus:Houghton Inc 7988 - title.jpg|thumb|Titulus vel frontispicium editionis Latinae [[Lutetia]]e anno fere 1493 divulgatae]] * Epistola Hispanice scripta. Barcinone: Johann Rosenbach, 1493 * ''The Spanish Letter of Columbus'' (editio fac-simile cum versione Anglica). Londinii: Bernard Quaritch, 1893 {{Google Books|NPXCTYxu-R4C}} [https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044004509063 Textus apud Hathi Trust]) * Samuel Eliot Morison, interpr., ''Journals and other documents on the life and voyages of Christopher Columbus''. Novi Eboraci, 1963 [https://archive.org/details/journalsdocumentscolumbus Textus] apud ''Internet Archive'' * Frank E. Robbins, ed., ''Christopher Columbus: Epistola de Insulis Nuper Inventis''. Ann Arbor, 1966 * Consuelo Varela, Juan Gil, edd., ''Cristóbal Colón: Textos y documentos completos; Nuevas cartas''. Matriti: Alianza Editorial, 1992 (prima editio 1982) * ''Kolumbus: Der erste Brief aus der Neuen Welt.'' Stutgardiae: Reclam, 2006. (editio versionis Latinae cum interpretatione Theodisca, titulo Latino: ''De insulis nuper in mari Indico repertis'') ([https://web.archive.org/web/20110821021624/http://www.ralf-schoenbach.de/index.php?option=com_remository&Itemid=29&func=fileinfo&id=24 Versio interretialis]) ; Eruditio * Rebecca Catz, "Columbus in the Azores" in Portuguese Studies vol. 6 (1990) pp. 17–23 == Nexus externi == * "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130606004635/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/90/ Epistola Christofori Colom: cui etas nostra multum debet: de insulis Indiae supra Gangem nuper inventis]" (1493) apud ''World Digital Library''; [https://web.archive.org/web/20130605185545/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2828/ alia editio] ibidem * ''[http://purl.pt/24139 Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]'' (Romae, 1493) apud Bibliothecam Nationalem Portugallensem [[Categoria:Christophorus Columbus]] [[Categoria:Epistulae]] [[Categoria:Scripta 1493]] [[Categoria:Litterae Hispanicae]] [[Categoria:Litterae Latine versae]] 80le8mezr0e91lit6lmrcejeplpowqs 0 326898 3974323 2026-07-24T21:34:59Z Pavel Fric 72468 Vexillum Moraviae 3974323 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|thumb|Vexillum Moraviae, ut annis MMII–MMIII codificatum est. Vexillum historicum regionis Moravicae, constans ex campo caeruleo, qui aquilam rubro et albo damisatam cum corona et armis flavis gerit.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko">{{cite news | first=Zbyšek | last=Svoboda | first2=Pavel | last2=Fojtík | first3=Petr | last3=Exner | first4=Jaroslav | last4=Martykán | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3319, 3320 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url=http://www.vexilologie.cz/index2.php?a=000&n=0 | accessdate=2017-08-20 | id= }}</ref><ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského">{{cite news | first=František | last=Pícha | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3320–3324 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url= | accessdate= | id= }}</ref>]] '''Vexillum Moraviense''' est symbolum quo [[Moravia (terra) |Moravia]] repraesentatur. Prima depictio insignis provincialis Moraviae in vexillo – cum media aetate vexilla ex insignibus derivarentur – invenitur in vexillo marchionis, quod in Codice Gelnhausenensi anno MCDVII depictum est (aquila argentea et rubra, armatura aurea et corona aurea ornata, in campo caeruleo).<ref name="ruzek22">{{cite web | last = Růžek | first = Vladimír | title = Cesty k definici (nejen) moravského znaku a praporu, in: Veřejná správa, Nr. 10 | year = 2013 | pages = 20–22:22 | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/webpm/clanek/historicke-symboly.aspx | language = cs }}</ref> PPrima descriptio scripta re vera toto saeculo vetustior est. Nihilominus, neque Marchio Moraviae, neque Moravia, neque Moravia-Silesia umquam vexillum adoptavit aut per actum legitimum ut ens iuridicum instituit. Ex variis documentis historicis, delineationibus, descriptionibusque fundatum est, quorum usu nullum fundamentum iuridicum erat. Respublica Bohemica-Slovaca colores album vel argenteum in arma Moravica restituit (Lex 252/1920). Vexilla nationalia legibus posterioribus non reguntur (Leges 269/1936, 222/1939, 163/1960 et Legibus hodie validis 3/1993 et 352/2001 Collectionis Legum). Hodie, vexillum bicolore flavo et rubro, in medio insignia coloribus congruentibus praebens, interdum pro vexillo Moravio usurpatur, praesertim a quibusdam factionibus politicis, consociationibus aliisque organizationibus Moravis. [[File:Flag of South Moravian Region.svg|thumb|right|Vexillum Regionis Moraviae Meridionalis. Primum campum vexilli aquila Moravica ornatur. In quarta et ultima parte vexilli aquila est cum ornatu quadriato flavicoccineo, quae addita est ut symbolum reconciliationis et integrationis inter varios greges linguisticos, religiosos et ethnicos qui olim in Moravia Meridiana habitabant.<ref name="koudelka">{{cite book | last = Koudelka | first = Zdeněk | title = Znaky a vlajky Moravy a Slezska, in: Sborník z konference MORAVA 1918 | url = https://is.muni.cz/repo/1570777/Znaky_Moravy_a_Slezska.pdf | publisher = KEY Publishing s.r.o. | location = Ostrava | chapter = | pages = 58–73 | isbn = 978-80-7418-316-4 | language = cs | year = 2019 }}</ref>]] Vexillum Moraviense hunc statum non nactum est nisi annis MMII–MMIII, cum insignia et vexilla regionibus hodiernis assignata sunt, dimidio saeculo post abolitione systematis provincialis et introductionem systematis regionalis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Zákon č. 280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení | url = https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280#oddil1 | language = cs | accessdate = 2026-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250211142519/https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280/#oddil1 | archivedate = 2025-02-11 }}</ref> Hoc vexillum in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Vysočinae, Moraviae Meridionalis, Olomucensis et Zlìnensis, necnon in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Pardubicensis et Moravico-Silesiae incorporatur. Vexillum caeruleum est; in medio campo caeruleo est aquila quadratim disposita, alis albis et rubris, corona et armatura aurea ornata.<ref>{{cite book | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | publisher = Ministerstvo vnitra ČR | year = 2013 | language = cs }}</ref> Etiam hoc modo ineunte Martio anni MMXXIII a grege Legumlatrorum Parlamenti Reipublicae Bohemicae in rogatione propositum est, quae consilium insignium et vexillorum regionalium codificaret.<ref>{{cite web | title = Návrh poslanců Radka Vondráčka, Pavla Blažka, Petra Gazdíka, Lucie Šafránkové, Mariana Jurečky, Vlastimila Válka a dalších na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=225139 | language = cs}}</ref> Rogatio paulatim in ordine rerum agendarum complurium sessionum Camerae Deputatōrum inclusa est, sed ibi non disputata est. Rogatio, a Radeko Vondráček, legato, die XXII Ianuarii anno MMXXVI iterum proposita, non praescribit fines historicos regionum insignibus regionalibus notandos esse, sicut in rogatione priore statutum erat.<ref>{{cite web | title = Parlament České republiky. Poslanecká sněmovna. 10. volební období. 87/0. Návrh poslance Radka Vondráčka na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=267037 | language = cs }}</ref> Rogatio insignia et vexilla regionalia in legem aperte sancit, praescribens ut forma eorum ad insigne nationale conformetur, et cuilibet permittit ut iis utatur. Una tantum condicio est ut debita cum reverentia tractentur.<ref>{{cite web | title = ODok Portál. Zákon o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://odok.gov.cz/portal/veklep/material/KORNDQQNALEE/ | language = cs }}</ref> == Historia Vexilli Moravici == === Historia antiquissima === [[File:Nejstarší dochované barevné vyobrazení znaku markraběcí Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v Kremži.jpeg|thumb|Veterrima pictura colorata superstes armorum marchionatus Moraviae.]] Historia vexilli Moravici – vel, accuratius, insignis Moravici (quod, dissimile vexillo, perpetuo in alveo affigitur) – dives et varia est, quae saeculo tertio decimo coepit, cum rationes inter Boemiam et Moraviam ordinabantur ad monarchiam centralizatam a Przemysidis ultimis constituendam. Primum mentio vexilli Moravici colorumque eius invenitur in chronica Ottocari Styriae, quae ad finem saeculi duodecimi et initium saeculi quarti decimi pertinet. Haec est narratio proelii Kressenbrunnensis, quod die XII Iulii anno MCCLX factum est. Insignia Bohemiae et Moraviae in chronica [[Bela IV (rex Hungariae)|Belae IV]] a Iindrico Preisslero, comite castrorum eius, vive describuntur. Prae exercitu Bohemico progrediente ducebat [[Ottocarus II (rex Bohemiae)|Ottocarus II]], prope quem vexillum fluitabat, leone albo in velluto rubro insigni, et iuxta eum alterum vexillum, quod formam aquilae Moravicae quadratam rubro et albo coloribus monstrabat.<ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokars Österreichische Reimchronik (MGH Deutsche Chroniken V,1) |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000779/images/index.html?id=00000779&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=226 |accessdate=2016-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokar von Steiermark: 'Steirische Reimchronik' |url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke/602 |publisher=www.handschriftencensus.de |accessdate=2017-08-19 }}</ref> ''Hern Dietrich Spatzmanen'' ''sach man die banier leiten:'' ''in einem rȏten samît breiten'' ''was gewohrt ein lewe wîz.'' ''ouch heten ir baniere flîz,'' (Etiam illi suas vexilla habebant,) '''''die von Merhaeren wârn''':'' (qui ex Moravia venerunt:) '''''ein geschâchzabelten arn''''' (Aquila scaccata) '''''von rȏter und von wîzer varbe''''' (rubro et albo picta) '''''sach man ob in begarbe''''' (super eos plane conspicue) '''''waejen von dem winde.''''' (in vento fluitabat.)<ref>{{cite web | title = Nejstarší zmínka o praporu Moravy v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | url = http://moravskaorlice.blogspot.com/2014/09/nejstarsi-zminka-o-praporu-moravy-v.html | language = cs}}</ref> Postea, colores vexilli ex coloribus armorum derivati sunt.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> Ex regno Ottocari II, titulus Margravi Moraviae repraesentatur aquila argentea et rubra dammata, corona aurea et unguibus aureis ornata, ad dextram versa, in scuto caeruleo posita.<ref name="vojtisek21">{{cite book | last=Vojtíšek | first=Václav | title=Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher=Vesmír | place=Praha | year=1921 | page=21 | language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="Pícha - O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte">{{cite news | last = Pícha | first = František | title = O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte | url = | publisher = | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2010: Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2011 | volume = 15 (30) | year = 2011 | číslo = | počet_stran = 174 | pages = 7-32 | isbn = | language = česky }}</ref> Veterrima effigies aquilae scaccatae in Gozzoburg invenitur. Picturae in aula arcis localis [[Cremisa (urbs)|Cremsensis]] non post annum circiter MCCLXX (MCCLXIX) pictae sunt, aut cum nuper aedificata Capella Sanctae Catharinae (MCCLXVII) coniunguntur; utroque casu, post annum MCCLXII factae sunt. In aula insignes armorum Bohemiae, Moraviae, Austriae et Styriae apparent, sed insignia Carinthiae et Carniolae – quae Ottocarus II anno MCCLXIX hereditate accepit – absunt.<ref name="Pícha, Krejčík - Gozzoburg">{{cite news | last = Krejčík | first = Tomáš | last2 = Pícha | first2 = František | title = Český a moravský znak ve znakové galerii v Gozzoburgu v Kremsu | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2008 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2009 | volume = 13 (28) | year = 2009 | pages = 49-57 | issn = 0862-8963 | language = Czech }}</ref> [[File:Jošt Moravský, též Lucemburský -.jpg|thumb|left|Margravius [[Iodocus a Moravia]], vexillum aquila Moravica quadratim alba et rubra in Codice Gelnhausenensi (saeculo XIV/XV).]] Aquila scaccata insigne regionale Moraviae habetur saltem ex tempore Luxemburgense.<ref name="Adamová">{{cite book | last = Adamová | first = Karolina | title = K heraldické výzdobě Staroměstské mostecké věže. Právně historický pohled, in: Pražský sborník historický | publisher = Panorama | location = Praha | volume = 15 | year = 1982 | pages = 44–62 | language = cs }}</ref> Una ex antiquissimis imaginibus notis vexilli aquila Moravica insignis est illa in Codice Gelnhausen, quae imaginem Margravi Moraviae Iodocum monstrat, qui vexillum caeruleum tenet, aquila Moravica in campo albescente et rubescente scaccato, cum corona et armatura flava. (ut par est, sine scuto).<ref name="ruzek22" /> Kódex bol napísaný niekedy v poslednej tretine 14. až prvej tretine 15. storočia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gelnhausenův kodex (kodex A) - právní kniha. Jošt Lucemburský s moravským praporem v Jihlavské právní knize z roku 1407 na foliu 63r. | url = http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/index.php?direct=record&pid=AIPDIG-SOAJ__MESTSKASPRAV0TBA6E4-cs#search | language = cs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jihlavský archiv ukázal své nejvzácnější dokumenty, jinak nepřístupné | url = https://jihlava.idnes.cz/vzacne-dokumenty-jihlavskeho-archivu-dx1-/jihlava-zpravy.aspx?c=A121101_143951_jihlava-zpravy_mv | language = cs }}</ref> Charta armorum Imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]], data VII Decembris anno MCDLXII, quod, a Henrico de Lippa, Capitano Provinciali Moraviae et Marescallo Regni Bohemiae, ex incepto Ordinum Moravicorum editum est, documentum fuit quod, sub regno [[Georgius Podiebradensis|Georgii Podiebradensis]], primigenium colorem argenteum aquilae Moravicae mutavit, campis insigneis argenteis auro substitutis, ita novum insigne 'Ordinum' creans. ('color albus in glaucum sive aureum transmutetur' (Color albus in flavum vel aureum mutatus est)).<ref name="vojtisek222">{{cite book | last = Vojtíšek | first = Václav | title = Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher = Vesmír | location = Praha | pages = 22 | language = cs | year = 1921 }}</ref><ref name="Alexius Habrich, Iura primaeva Moraviae2">{{cite web | last = Habrich | first = Alexius (ed.) | title = Iura primaeva Moraviae | url = https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10542951_00038.html | location = Brno | pages = 38–42 | language = la | year = 1781 }}</ref><ref name="Josef Kalousek, Archiv český2">{{cite web | last = Kalousek | first = Josef (ed.) | title = Archiv český čili staré písemné památky české i moravské, svazek X | url = https://sources.cms.flu.cas.cz/src/index.php?s=v&action=jdi&cat=10&bookid=800&page=273&action_button.x=0&action_button.y=0 | location = Praha | pages = 273–274 | language = la | year = 1890 }}</ref><ref name="Berthold Bretholz2">{{cite book | last = Bretholz | first = Berthold | title = Das mährische Landesarchiv, Seine Geschichte, seine Bestände | location = Brno | pages = 124 | language = de la | year = 1908 }}</ref> Publicatio huius litterae exemplum est interventionis in res internas terrarum Bohemicarum, cum Fridericus III, ut Imperator Romanus Sanctus, eam statibus Moravicis concesserit. Tamen Moravia pars Coronae Bohemicae erat et, secundum leges a [[Carolus IV (imperator)|Carolo IV]] latas, rex Romanorum nullam potestatem habebat talis consilii capiendi, cum Moraviae res sub directa potestate Regis Bohemiae esset.<ref name="starha92">{{cite web | last = Štarha | first = Ivan | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka, in: Veřejná správa | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | year = 2013 | pages = 8–9 | language = cs }}</ref> Ex prospectu historico, plures versiones vexillorum Moravicorum exstiterunt, quae simul duabus aut tribus coloribus ex insignibus provincialibus derivatis adhibebantur, praesertim saeculo undevicesimo.<ref name="hlinomaz167">''Ke státní a zemské symbolice českého státu v období 1526–1918'', s. 167.</ref> [[File:Slavobrána postavená v Kuníně v roce 1845 u příležitosti návštěvy arcivévody Františka Karla, kolorovaná litografie.png|thumb|Porta caerimonialis Kunini anno MDCCCXLV exstructa ad visitationem Archducis Francisci Caroli commemorandam. Relatio eius temporis describit vexilla bicolora, nigrum et flavum et rubrum et album, in turribus vexata, tamquam colores et Austriacos et Moravicos provinciales.]] Initio saeculi undevicesimi, Moravia erat regio non autonoma, quae ab anno MDCCCIV pars [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperii Austriaci erat]], quod paulo ante finalem collapsum [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] constitutum erat. Erat una ex finibus Coronae dictis, a praeside provinciali gubernata. Regulis a regimine centrali Vindobonae edictis tenebatur. Ex tempore priore pauca indicia sunt usus colorum provincialium Moravicorum. Imperator Moraviae dux erat, et cum titulus Margravius unus tantum ex multis quos tenebat esset, ei certam imaginem visualem non requirebat. Quapropter, per paene totam primam partem saeculi undevicesimi, colores provinciales non eandem significationem habebant quam a medio illius saeculi deinceps habuerunt. Potestates corporum administrativorum statuum provinciales finitae erant. Non habebant auctoritatem nec repraesentandi nec repraesentari. Gubernatio provincialis sui iuris potestates satis amplas nonnisi promulgatione Constitutionis Decembris anno MDCCCLXI accepit, post quam singulae provinciae suas constitutiones sanxerunt. Tamen, neque hae neque ullum aliud instrumentum minoris vis legitimae colores vel vexilla provincialia designaverunt. Quamquam hae notiones saeculo undevicesimo exstiterunt, vocabula inania erant, id est, iure nec generaliter nec speciatim definita. Describendo igitur tempus ante annum MCMXVIII, non est rectum dicere "vexillum provinciale Marchionatus Moraviae fuisse bicolorem horizontalem flavam et rubram", cum in nullo instrumento legali ita definitum sit. Licetne simpliciter dicere "auctoritates provinciales rubrum et flavum ut colores provinciales inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuisse", an, si iustificari potest, 'ut vexillum provinciale Moraviae, magistratus provinciales bicolorem rubro et flavo inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuerunt'. [[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|thumb|right|In Ludovici Ritteri Dictionariolo Pochtario Diurnariis et Colloquiis (titulo Bohemico "Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konverzační"), anno MDCCCLI edito, haec de coloribus laqueorum dicuntur: "''Fasciculus est rosula aut laqueus rotundus qui in petaso aut paenula geritur ad significandam sententiam quandam, gentem, sodalitatem, municipium, et cetera. A mulieribus gestus, in capillo aut in pectore affigitur. Notae sunt insignes variorum motuum politicorum ab anno MDCCCXLVIII, praesertim Slavorum, '''rubri, albi et caerulei coloris''', deinde colores nigro-rubro-flavi partis Germanicae et eius variae controversiae. Vexillum Austro-Hungaricum, quod exercitus noster vehit, nigrum et flavum est; vexilla Bohemica et Polonica alba et rubra sunt; '''vexillum Moravicum vel etiam Bohemico-Moravicum; et deinde vexillum Slavorum Meridianorum, ut vexillum Slavorum'''. Fascis Rusinorum flavus et caeruleus est; Hungarorum et Polonorum revolutionariorum ruber, albus et viridis; Prussicus niger et albus est, et sic deinceps. Pragae, omnes fascis privatis sine ulla exceptione ab anno MDCCCXLVIIII interdicti sunt.''".]] Absentia ullius praescripti legis explicat cur 'vexilla provincialia' in scriptis huius aetatis variis modis depingantur. Plerumque auctor ea ex paucis vexillis reapse notis et regulis heraldicis, quae ad insignia pertinentia pertinent, derivabat. Quaestio peculiaris in Moravia saeculo undevicesimo fuit quod insigne Moraviense duabus formis exstabat. Descriptio eius historica et publice agnita armorum imperialium – qui per saecula in usu fuerant – erat aquila argentea et rubra alternis coloribus picta, cum corona et armatura aurea, in scuto caeruleo posita. Tamen, auctoritas ab Imperatore Friderico III concessa in diplomate die 7 Decembris 1462 edito, ut aquila scaccata aurea et rubra adhiberetur – quamquam haec compositio in usu non recepta est – adduxit, Postquam diploma in notitiam procuratorum administrationis provincialis Moravicae ad finem saeculorum XVIII et XIX pervenit – praesertim ab annis 1830 et 1840 – hoc ad auctos conatus administrationis provincialis adnotavit ut agnitio diplomatis ab Imperatore impetraretur. Et quamquam usus eius non publice agnitus est usque ad annum MCMXV, complures sententiae a magistratibus Vindobonensibus editae significabant eos non adversari usu exemplaris aureo et rubro quadratim dispositi in aquila. Quaestio igitur per saeculum undevicesimum fuit, utrum diploma validum, sed publice irritum, Friderici III praevaluerit insignibus Moraviae, quae usu historico probata et confirmata erant. Quaestio de coloribus provincialibus, ad quam pertinebat quaestio de forma vexilli provincialis (futuri), naturaliter a diversis sententiis de recta (valida) insigne provinciali affecta est.<ref name="Pícha - Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848">{{cite book | last = Pícha | first = František | title = Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848, in: Genealogické a heraldické informace 2017 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2018 | location = Brno | volume = 22 (37) | year = 2018 | pages = 40–41 | isbn = | language = cs }}</ref> Secundum quosdam auctores, vexillum Moravicum album, rubrum, caeruleumque est, fasciis horizontalibus eo ordine.<ref name="brozek50">{{cite book | last = Brožek | first = Aleš | title = Lexikon vlajek a znaků zemí světa | publisher = Kartografie | location = Praha | year = 2003 | pages = 50 | isbn = 8070117761 | language = cs }}</ref> Haec colorum coniunctio saeculo undevicesimo symbolum erat civium Moravicorum patriam amantium. <gallery> File:Modrobílá historická vlajka Moravy (1611).png|Vexillum historicum caeruleo et albo, memoratum iuxta vexillum caeruleum insigne provinciale Moraviae gerens ('insigne provinciale eiusdem marchionatus') in nuntiis anni MDCXII, qui adventum Pragam et coronationem Regis [[Matthias (imperator)|Mathiae II]] describunt. File:Red-white historical flag of Moravia (from the first half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Compositio colorum rubrorum et alborum, quae usque ad ineuntem saeculum vicesimum adhibita est. File:Red-white-blue historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Tricolōr ruber, albus, caeruleusque, qui adhibitus est in secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et in initio saeculi vicesimi.<ref name="Jan Havelka">{{Cite journal | last = Havelka | first = Jan | title = Erb a zemské barvy markkrabství moravského | journal = Komenský | access-date = 2015-12-15 | year = 1880 | number = 29 | pages = 454–455 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112042804044;view=1up;seq=463 | language = cs}}</ref><ref name="Orlice, časopis politický">{{Cite journal | title = O barvách praporů (8. 9. 1888) | journal = Orlice, časopis politický | location = Telč | year = 1888 | number = 19 | pages = Příloha Orlice k číslu 19 | language = cs}}</ref> File:Red-yellow historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century or from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Vexillum bicolore rubrum et flavum. Aliud ex vexillis historicis Moraviae a secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et ineunte saeculo vicesimo. </gallery> == Vexillum Moravicum inter vexilla regionalia == [[File:Moravská orlice.jpg|thumb|right|Vexillum historicum Moraviae]] <gallery> File:Flag of Pardubice Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Pardubiensis File:Flag of Vysocina Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Vysočinae File:Flag of Olomouc Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Olomucensis File:Flag of Moravian-Silesian Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Moravico-Silesiae File:Flag of Zlin Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Zlinensis </gallery> === Vexillum caeruleum aquila Moravica insignis === Relatio vexillologica de vexillo Moravio, quae submissa est Kalendis Iuniis MMXIII per peritos Subcommissionis de Heraldica et Vexillologia Camerae Deputatōrum Parlamenti Rei Publicae Bohemicae (subcommissionis Commissionis de Scientia, Educatione, Cultura, Iuventute et Educatione Physica) – Zbyšek Svoboda, Pavel Fojtík, Petr Exner et Praeses Societatis Vexillologicae Bohemicae, Jaroslav Martykán, vexillum et insignia Moraviae, in vetustissima forma sua quae memoriae prodita est, habentur historice aptissima, scilicet campum caeruleum gerentia aquilam quadratorum alborum et rubrorum.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> == Nexūs externi == {{Commonscat|Flags of Moravia|Vexillum Moraviae}} * [https://moravskavlajka.blogspot.com/ Moravská vlajka] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Vexilla]] [[Categoria:Morava]] 61z1rwv8r5f24fpqg7bnqstmvekjsk8 3974324 3974323 2026-07-24T21:35:44Z Pavel Fric 72468 typo 3974324 wikitext text/x-wiki [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|thumb|Vexillum Moraviae, ut annis MMII–MMIII codificatum est. Vexillum historicum regionis Moravicae, constans ex campo caeruleo, qui aquilam rubro et albo damisatam cum corona et armis flavis gerit.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko">{{cite news | first=Zbyšek | last=Svoboda | first2=Pavel | last2=Fojtík | first3=Petr | last3=Exner | first4=Jaroslav | last4=Martykán | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3319, 3320 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url=http://www.vexilologie.cz/index2.php?a=000&n=0 | accessdate=2017-08-20 | id= }}</ref><ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského">{{cite news | first=František | last=Pícha | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3320–3324 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url= | accessdate= | id= }}</ref>]] '''Vexillum Moraviense''' est symbolum quo [[Moravia (terra) |Moravia]] repraesentatur. Prima depictio insignis provincialis Moraviae in vexillo – cum media aetate vexilla ex insignibus derivarentur – invenitur in vexillo marchionis, quod in Codice Gelnhausenensi anno MCDVII depictum est (aquila argentea et rubra, armatura aurea et corona aurea ornata, in campo caeruleo).<ref name="ruzek22">{{cite web | last = Růžek | first = Vladimír | title = Cesty k definici (nejen) moravského znaku a praporu, in: Veřejná správa, Nr. 10 | year = 2013 | pages = 20–22:22 | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/webpm/clanek/historicke-symboly.aspx | language = cs }}</ref> PPrima descriptio scripta re vera toto saeculo vetustior est. Nihilominus, neque Marchio Moraviae, neque Moravia, neque Moravia-Silesia umquam vexillum adoptavit aut per actum legitimum ut ens iuridicum instituit. Ex variis documentis historicis, delineationibus, descriptionibusque fundatum est, quorum usu nullum fundamentum iuridicum erat. Respublica Bohemica-Slovaca colores album vel argenteum in arma Moravica restituit (Lex 252/1920). Vexilla nationalia legibus posterioribus non reguntur (Leges 269/1936, 222/1939, 163/1960 et Legibus hodie validis 3/1993 et 352/2001 Collectionis Legum). Hodie, vexillum bicolore flavo et rubro, in medio insignia coloribus congruentibus praebens, interdum pro vexillo Moravio usurpatur, praesertim a quibusdam factionibus politicis, consociationibus aliisque organizationibus Moravis. [[File:Flag of South Moravian Region.svg|thumb|right|Vexillum Regionis Moraviae Meridionalis. Primum campum vexilli aquila Moravica ornatur. In quarta et ultima parte vexilli aquila est cum ornatu quadriato flavicoccineo, quae addita est ut symbolum reconciliationis et integrationis inter varios greges linguisticos, religiosos et ethnicos qui olim in Moravia Meridiana habitabant.<ref name="koudelka">{{cite book | last = Koudelka | first = Zdeněk | title = Znaky a vlajky Moravy a Slezska, in: Sborník z konference MORAVA 1918 | url = https://is.muni.cz/repo/1570777/Znaky_Moravy_a_Slezska.pdf | publisher = KEY Publishing s.r.o. | location = Ostrava | chapter = | pages = 58–73 | isbn = 978-80-7418-316-4 | language = cs | year = 2019 }}</ref>]] Vexillum Moraviense hunc statum non nactum est nisi annis MMII–MMIII, cum insignia et vexilla regionibus hodiernis assignata sunt, dimidio saeculo post abolitione systematis provincialis et introductionem systematis regionalis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Zákon č. 280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení | url = https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280#oddil1 | language = cs | accessdate = 2026-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250211142519/https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280/#oddil1 | archivedate = 2025-02-11 }}</ref> Hoc vexillum in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Vysočinae, Moraviae Meridionalis, Olomucensis et Zlìnensis, necnon in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Pardubicensis et Moravico-Silesiae incorporatur. Vexillum caeruleum est; in medio campo caeruleo est aquila quadratim disposita, alis albis et rubris, corona et armatura aurea ornata.<ref>{{cite book | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | publisher = Ministerstvo vnitra ČR | year = 2013 | language = cs }}</ref> Etiam hoc modo ineunte Martio anni MMXXIII a grege Legumlatrorum Parlamenti Reipublicae Bohemicae in rogatione propositum est, quae consilium insignium et vexillorum regionalium codificaret.<ref>{{cite web | title = Návrh poslanců Radka Vondráčka, Pavla Blažka, Petra Gazdíka, Lucie Šafránkové, Mariana Jurečky, Vlastimila Válka a dalších na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=225139 | language = cs}}</ref> Rogatio paulatim in ordine rerum agendarum complurium sessionum Camerae Deputatōrum inclusa est, sed ibi non disputata est. Rogatio, a Radeko Vondráček, legato, die XXII Ianuarii anno MMXXVI iterum proposita, non praescribit fines historicos regionum insignibus regionalibus notandos esse, sicut in rogatione priore statutum erat.<ref>{{cite web | title = Parlament České republiky. Poslanecká sněmovna. 10. volební období. 87/0. Návrh poslance Radka Vondráčka na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=267037 | language = cs }}</ref> Rogatio insignia et vexilla regionalia in legem aperte sancit, praescribens ut forma eorum ad insigne nationale conformetur, et cuilibet permittit ut iis utatur. Una tantum condicio est ut debita cum reverentia tractentur.<ref>{{cite web | title = ODok Portál. Zákon o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://odok.gov.cz/portal/veklep/material/KORNDQQNALEE/ | language = cs }}</ref> == Historia Vexilli Moravici == === Historia antiquissima === [[File:Nejstarší dochované barevné vyobrazení znaku markraběcí Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v Kremži.jpeg|thumb|Veterrima pictura colorata superstes armorum marchionatus Moraviae.]] Historia vexilli Moravici – vel, accuratius, insignis Moravici (quod, dissimile vexillo, perpetuo in alveo affigitur) – dives et varia est, quae saeculo tertio decimo coepit, cum rationes inter Boemiam et Moraviam ordinabantur ad monarchiam centralizatam a Przemysidis ultimis constituendam. Primum mentio vexilli Moravici colorumque eius invenitur in chronica Ottocari Styriae, quae ad finem saeculi duodecimi et initium saeculi quarti decimi pertinet. Haec est narratio proelii Kressenbrunnensis, quod die XII Iulii anno MCCLX factum est. Insignia Bohemiae et Moraviae in chronica [[Bela IV (rex Hungariae)|Belae IV]] a Iindrico Preisslero, comite castrorum eius, vive describuntur. Prae exercitu Bohemico progrediente ducebat [[Ottocarus II (rex Bohemiae)|Ottocarus II]], prope quem vexillum fluitabat, leone albo in velluto rubro insigni, et iuxta eum alterum vexillum, quod formam aquilae Moravicae quadratam rubro et albo coloribus monstrabat.<ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokars Österreichische Reimchronik (MGH Deutsche Chroniken V,1) |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000779/images/index.html?id=00000779&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=226 |accessdate=2016-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokar von Steiermark: 'Steirische Reimchronik' |url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke/602 |publisher=www.handschriftencensus.de |accessdate=2017-08-19 }}</ref> ''Hern Dietrich Spatzmanen'' ''sach man die banier leiten:'' ''in einem rȏten samît breiten'' ''was gewohrt ein lewe wîz.'' ''ouch heten ir baniere flîz,'' (Etiam illi suas vexilla habebant,) '''''die von Merhaeren wârn''':'' (qui ex Moravia venerunt:) '''''ein geschâchzabelten arn''''' (Aquila scaccata) '''''von rȏter und von wîzer varbe''''' (rubro et albo picta) '''''sach man ob in begarbe''''' (super eos plane conspicue) '''''waejen von dem winde.''''' (in vento fluitabat.)<ref>{{cite web | title = Nejstarší zmínka o praporu Moravy v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | url = http://moravskaorlice.blogspot.com/2014/09/nejstarsi-zminka-o-praporu-moravy-v.html | language = cs}}</ref> Postea, colores vexilli ex coloribus armorum derivati sunt.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> Ex regno Ottocari II, titulus Margravi Moraviae repraesentatur aquila argentea et rubra dammata, corona aurea et unguibus aureis ornata, ad dextram versa, in scuto caeruleo posita.<ref name="vojtisek21">{{cite book | last=Vojtíšek | first=Václav | title=Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher=Vesmír | place=Praha | year=1921 | page=21 | language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="Pícha - O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte">{{cite news | last = Pícha | first = František | title = O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte | url = | publisher = | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2010: Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2011 | volume = 15 (30) | year = 2011 | číslo = | počet_stran = 174 | pages = 7-32 | isbn = | language = česky }}</ref> Veterrima effigies aquilae scaccatae in Gozzoburg invenitur. Picturae in aula arcis localis [[Cremisa (urbs)|Cremsensis]] non post annum circiter MCCLXX (MCCLXIX) pictae sunt, aut cum nuper aedificata Capella Sanctae Catharinae (MCCLXVII) coniunguntur; utroque casu, post annum MCCLXII factae sunt. In aula insignes armorum Bohemiae, Moraviae, Austriae et Styriae apparent, sed insignia Carinthiae et Carniolae – quae Ottocarus II anno MCCLXIX hereditate accepit – absunt.<ref name="Pícha, Krejčík - Gozzoburg">{{cite news | last = Krejčík | first = Tomáš | last2 = Pícha | first2 = František | title = Český a moravský znak ve znakové galerii v Gozzoburgu v Kremsu | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2008 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2009 | volume = 13 (28) | year = 2009 | pages = 49-57 | issn = 0862-8963 | language = Czech }}</ref> [[File:Jošt Moravský, též Lucemburský -.jpg|thumb|left|Margravius [[Iodocus a Moravia]], vexillum aquila Moravica quadratim alba et rubra in Codice Gelnhausenensi (saeculo XIV/XV).]] Aquila scaccata insigne regionale Moraviae habetur saltem ex tempore Luxemburgense.<ref name="Adamová">{{cite book | last = Adamová | first = Karolina | title = K heraldické výzdobě Staroměstské mostecké věže. Právně historický pohled, in: Pražský sborník historický | publisher = Panorama | location = Praha | volume = 15 | year = 1982 | pages = 44–62 | language = cs }}</ref> Una ex antiquissimis imaginibus notis vexilli aquila Moravica insignis est illa in Codice Gelnhausen, quae imaginem Margravi Moraviae Iodocum monstrat, qui vexillum caeruleum tenet, aquila Moravica in campo albescente et rubescente scaccato, cum corona et armatura flava. (ut par est, sine scuto).<ref name="ruzek22" /> Kódex bol napísaný niekedy v poslednej tretine 14. až prvej tretine 15. storočia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gelnhausenův kodex (kodex A) - právní kniha. Jošt Lucemburský s moravským praporem v Jihlavské právní knize z roku 1407 na foliu 63r. | url = http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/index.php?direct=record&pid=AIPDIG-SOAJ__MESTSKASPRAV0TBA6E4-cs#search | language = cs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jihlavský archiv ukázal své nejvzácnější dokumenty, jinak nepřístupné | url = https://jihlava.idnes.cz/vzacne-dokumenty-jihlavskeho-archivu-dx1-/jihlava-zpravy.aspx?c=A121101_143951_jihlava-zpravy_mv | language = cs }}</ref> Charta armorum Imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]], data VII Decembris anno MCDLXII, quod, a Henrico de Lippa, Capitano Provinciali Moraviae et Marescallo Regni Bohemiae, ex incepto Ordinum Moravicorum editum est, documentum fuit quod, sub regno [[Georgius Podiebradensis|Georgii Podiebradensis]], primigenium colorem argenteum aquilae Moravicae mutavit, campis insigneis argenteis auro substitutis, ita novum insigne 'Ordinum' creans. ('color albus in glaucum sive aureum transmutetur' (Color albus in flavum vel aureum mutatus est)).<ref name="vojtisek222">{{cite book | last = Vojtíšek | first = Václav | title = Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher = Vesmír | location = Praha | pages = 22 | language = cs | year = 1921 }}</ref><ref name="Alexius Habrich, Iura primaeva Moraviae2">{{cite web | last = Habrich | first = Alexius (ed.) | title = Iura primaeva Moraviae | url = https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10542951_00038.html | location = Brno | pages = 38–42 | language = la | year = 1781 }}</ref><ref name="Josef Kalousek, Archiv český2">{{cite web | last = Kalousek | first = Josef (ed.) | title = Archiv český čili staré písemné památky české i moravské, svazek X | url = https://sources.cms.flu.cas.cz/src/index.php?s=v&action=jdi&cat=10&bookid=800&page=273&action_button.x=0&action_button.y=0 | location = Praha | pages = 273–274 | language = la | year = 1890 }}</ref><ref name="Berthold Bretholz2">{{cite book | last = Bretholz | first = Berthold | title = Das mährische Landesarchiv, Seine Geschichte, seine Bestände | location = Brno | pages = 124 | language = de la | year = 1908 }}</ref> Publicatio huius litterae exemplum est interventionis in res internas terrarum Bohemicarum, cum Fridericus III, ut Imperator Romanus Sanctus, eam statibus Moravicis concesserit. Tamen Moravia pars Coronae Bohemicae erat et, secundum leges a [[Carolus IV (imperator)|Carolo IV]] latas, rex Romanorum nullam potestatem habebat talis consilii capiendi, cum Moraviae res sub directa potestate Regis Bohemiae esset.<ref name="starha92">{{cite web | last = Štarha | first = Ivan | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka, in: Veřejná správa | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | year = 2013 | pages = 8–9 | language = cs }}</ref> Ex prospectu historico, plures versiones vexillorum Moravicorum exstiterunt, quae simul duabus aut tribus coloribus ex insignibus provincialibus derivatis adhibebantur, praesertim saeculo undevicesimo.<ref name="hlinomaz167">''Ke státní a zemské symbolice českého státu v období 1526–1918'', s. 167.</ref> [[File:Slavobrána postavená v Kuníně v roce 1845 u příležitosti návštěvy arcivévody Františka Karla, kolorovaná litografie.png|thumb|Porta caerimonialis Kunini anno MDCCCXLV exstructa ad visitationem Archducis Francisci Caroli commemorandam. Relatio eius temporis describit vexilla bicolora, nigrum et flavum et rubrum et album, in turribus vexata, tamquam colores et Austriacos et Moravicos provinciales.]] Initio saeculi undevicesimi, Moravia erat regio non autonoma, quae ab anno MDCCCIV pars [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperii Austriaci erat]], quod paulo ante finalem collapsum [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] constitutum erat. Erat una ex finibus Coronae dictis, a praeside provinciali gubernata. Regulis a regimine centrali Vindobonae edictis tenebatur. Ex tempore priore pauca indicia sunt usus colorum provincialium Moravicorum. Imperator Moraviae dux erat, et cum titulus Margravius unus tantum ex multis quos tenebat esset, ei certam imaginem visualem non requirebat. Quapropter, per paene totam primam partem saeculi undevicesimi, colores provinciales non eandem significationem habebant quam a medio illius saeculi deinceps habuerunt. Potestates corporum administrativorum statuum provinciales finitae erant. Non habebant auctoritatem nec repraesentandi nec repraesentari. Gubernatio provincialis sui iuris potestates satis amplas nonnisi promulgatione Constitutionis Decembris anno MDCCCLXI accepit, post quam singulae provinciae suas constitutiones sanxerunt. Tamen, neque hae neque ullum aliud instrumentum minoris vis legitimae colores vel vexilla provincialia designaverunt. Quamquam hae notiones saeculo undevicesimo exstiterunt, vocabula inania erant, id est, iure nec generaliter nec speciatim definita. Describendo igitur tempus ante annum MCMXVIII, non est rectum dicere "vexillum provinciale Marchionatus Moraviae fuisse bicolorem horizontalem flavam et rubram", cum in nullo instrumento legali ita definitum sit. Licetne simpliciter dicere "auctoritates provinciales rubrum et flavum ut colores provinciales inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuisse", an, si iustificari potest, 'ut vexillum provinciale Moraviae, magistratus provinciales bicolorem rubro et flavo inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuerunt'. [[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|thumb|right|In Ludovici Ritteri Dictionariolo Pochtario Diurnariis et Colloquiis (titulo Bohemico "Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konverzační"), anno MDCCCLI edito, haec de coloribus laqueorum dicuntur: "''Fasciculus est rosula aut laqueus rotundus qui in petaso aut paenula geritur ad significandam sententiam quandam, gentem, sodalitatem, municipium, et cetera. A mulieribus gestus, in capillo aut in pectore affigitur. Notae sunt insignes variorum motuum politicorum ab anno MDCCCXLVIII, praesertim Slavorum, '''rubri, albi et caerulei coloris''', deinde colores nigro-rubro-flavi partis Germanicae et eius variae controversiae. Vexillum Austro-Hungaricum, quod exercitus noster vehit, nigrum et flavum est; vexilla Bohemica et Polonica alba et rubra sunt; '''vexillum Moravicum vel etiam Bohemico-Moravicum; et deinde vexillum Slavorum Meridianorum, ut vexillum Slavorum'''. Fascis Rusinorum flavus et caeruleus est; Hungarorum et Polonorum revolutionariorum ruber, albus et viridis; Prussicus niger et albus est, et sic deinceps. Pragae, omnes fascis privatis sine ulla exceptione ab anno MDCCCXLVIIII interdicti sunt.''".]] Absentia ullius praescripti legis explicat cur 'vexilla provincialia' in scriptis huius aetatis variis modis depingantur. Plerumque auctor ea ex paucis vexillis reapse notis et regulis heraldicis, quae ad insignia pertinentia pertinent, derivabat. Quaestio peculiaris in Moravia saeculo undevicesimo fuit quod insigne Moraviense duabus formis exstabat. Descriptio eius historica et publice agnita armorum imperialium – qui per saecula in usu fuerant – erat aquila argentea et rubra alternis coloribus picta, cum corona et armatura aurea, in scuto caeruleo posita. Tamen, auctoritas ab Imperatore Friderico III concessa in diplomate die 7 Decembris 1462 edito, ut aquila scaccata aurea et rubra adhiberetur – quamquam haec compositio in usu non recepta est – adduxit, Postquam diploma in notitiam procuratorum administrationis provincialis Moravicae ad finem saeculorum XVIII et XIX pervenit – praesertim ab annis 1830 et 1840 – hoc ad auctos conatus administrationis provincialis adnotavit ut agnitio diplomatis ab Imperatore impetraretur. Et quamquam usus eius non publice agnitus est usque ad annum MCMXV, complures sententiae a magistratibus Vindobonensibus editae significabant eos non adversari usu exemplaris aureo et rubro quadratim dispositi in aquila. Quaestio igitur per saeculum undevicesimum fuit, utrum diploma validum, sed publice irritum, Friderici III praevaluerit insignibus Moraviae, quae usu historico probata et confirmata erant. Quaestio de coloribus provincialibus, ad quam pertinebat quaestio de forma vexilli provincialis (futuri), naturaliter a diversis sententiis de recta (valida) insigne provinciali affecta est.<ref name="Pícha - Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848">{{cite book | last = Pícha | first = František | title = Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848, in: Genealogické a heraldické informace 2017 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2018 | location = Brno | volume = 22 (37) | year = 2018 | pages = 40–41 | isbn = | language = cs }}</ref> Secundum quosdam auctores, vexillum Moravicum album, rubrum, caeruleumque est, fasciis horizontalibus eo ordine.<ref name="brozek50">{{cite book | last = Brožek | first = Aleš | title = Lexikon vlajek a znaků zemí světa | publisher = Kartografie | location = Praha | year = 2003 | pages = 50 | isbn = 8070117761 | language = cs }}</ref> Haec colorum coniunctio saeculo undevicesimo symbolum erat civium Moravicorum patriam amantium. <gallery> File:Modrobílá historická vlajka Moravy (1611).png|Vexillum historicum caeruleo et albo, memoratum iuxta vexillum caeruleum insigne provinciale Moraviae gerens ('insigne provinciale eiusdem marchionatus') in nuntiis anni MDCXII, qui adventum Pragam et coronationem Regis [[Matthias (imperator)|Mathiae II]] describunt. File:Red-white historical flag of Moravia (from the first half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Compositio colorum rubrorum et alborum, quae usque ad ineuntem saeculum vicesimum adhibita est. File:Red-white-blue historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Tricolōr ruber, albus, caeruleusque, qui adhibitus est in secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et in initio saeculi vicesimi.<ref name="Jan Havelka">{{Cite journal | last = Havelka | first = Jan | title = Erb a zemské barvy markkrabství moravského | journal = Komenský | access-date = 2015-12-15 | year = 1880 | number = 29 | pages = 454–455 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112042804044;view=1up;seq=463 | language = cs}}</ref><ref name="Orlice, časopis politický">{{Cite journal | title = O barvách praporů (8. 9. 1888) | journal = Orlice, časopis politický | location = Telč | year = 1888 | number = 19 | pages = Příloha Orlice k číslu 19 | language = cs}}</ref> File:Red-yellow historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century or from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Vexillum bicolore rubrum et flavum. Aliud ex vexillis historicis Moraviae a secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et ineunte saeculo vicesimo. </gallery> == Vexillum Moravicum inter vexilla regionalia == [[File:Moravská orlice.jpg|thumb|right|Vexillum historicum Moraviae]] <gallery> File:Flag of Pardubice Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Pardubiensis File:Flag of Vysocina Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Vysočinae File:Flag of Olomouc Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Olomucensis File:Flag of Moravian-Silesian Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Moravico-Silesiae File:Flag of Zlin Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Zlinensis </gallery> === Vexillum caeruleum aquila Moravica insignis === Relatio vexillologica de vexillo Moravio, quae submissa est Kalendis Iuniis MMXIII per peritos Subcommissionis de Heraldica et Vexillologia Camerae Deputatōrum Parlamenti Rei Publicae Bohemicae (subcommissionis Commissionis de Scientia, Educatione, Cultura, Iuventute et Educatione Physica) – Zbyšek Svoboda, Pavel Fojtík, Petr Exner et Praeses Societatis Vexillologicae Bohemicae, Jaroslav Martykán, vexillum et insignia Moraviae, in vetustissima forma sua quae memoriae prodita est, habentur historice aptissima, scilicet campum caeruleum gerentia aquilam quadratorum alborum et rubrorum.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> == Nexūs externi == {{Commonscat|Flags of Moravia|Vexillum Moraviae}} * [https://moravskavlajka.blogspot.com/ Moravská vlajka] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Vexilla]] [[Categoria:Moravia]] r2w1ovgff7znahk3yn5vtt0aayoqlmt 3974325 3974324 2026-07-24T22:06:21Z Grufo 64423 +{{[[Formula:Pagina autotranslata|Pagina autotranslata]]}} 3974325 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata|fons=[[:it:Bandiera della Moravia]]—conferantur [[Specialis:PermanentLink/3974324|versio labens]] et [https://it-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandiera_della_Moravia?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=la pagina ''Google'' translata]|tempus=20260724220613}} [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|thumb|Vexillum Moraviae, ut annis MMII–MMIII codificatum est. Vexillum historicum regionis Moravicae, constans ex campo caeruleo, qui aquilam rubro et albo damisatam cum corona et armis flavis gerit.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko">{{cite news | first=Zbyšek | last=Svoboda | first2=Pavel | last2=Fojtík | first3=Petr | last3=Exner | first4=Jaroslav | last4=Martykán | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3319, 3320 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url=http://www.vexilologie.cz/index2.php?a=000&n=0 | accessdate=2017-08-20 | id= }}</ref><ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského">{{cite news | first=František | last=Pícha | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3320–3324 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url= | accessdate= | id= }}</ref>]] '''Vexillum Moraviense''' est symbolum quo [[Moravia (terra) |Moravia]] repraesentatur. Prima depictio insignis provincialis Moraviae in vexillo – cum media aetate vexilla ex insignibus derivarentur – invenitur in vexillo marchionis, quod in Codice Gelnhausenensi anno MCDVII depictum est (aquila argentea et rubra, armatura aurea et corona aurea ornata, in campo caeruleo).<ref name="ruzek22">{{cite web | last = Růžek | first = Vladimír | title = Cesty k definici (nejen) moravského znaku a praporu, in: Veřejná správa, Nr. 10 | year = 2013 | pages = 20–22:22 | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/webpm/clanek/historicke-symboly.aspx | language = cs }}</ref> PPrima descriptio scripta re vera toto saeculo vetustior est. Nihilominus, neque Marchio Moraviae, neque Moravia, neque Moravia-Silesia umquam vexillum adoptavit aut per actum legitimum ut ens iuridicum instituit. Ex variis documentis historicis, delineationibus, descriptionibusque fundatum est, quorum usu nullum fundamentum iuridicum erat. Respublica Bohemica-Slovaca colores album vel argenteum in arma Moravica restituit (Lex 252/1920). Vexilla nationalia legibus posterioribus non reguntur (Leges 269/1936, 222/1939, 163/1960 et Legibus hodie validis 3/1993 et 352/2001 Collectionis Legum). Hodie, vexillum bicolore flavo et rubro, in medio insignia coloribus congruentibus praebens, interdum pro vexillo Moravio usurpatur, praesertim a quibusdam factionibus politicis, consociationibus aliisque organizationibus Moravis. [[File:Flag of South Moravian Region.svg|thumb|right|Vexillum Regionis Moraviae Meridionalis. Primum campum vexilli aquila Moravica ornatur. In quarta et ultima parte vexilli aquila est cum ornatu quadriato flavicoccineo, quae addita est ut symbolum reconciliationis et integrationis inter varios greges linguisticos, religiosos et ethnicos qui olim in Moravia Meridiana habitabant.<ref name="koudelka">{{cite book | last = Koudelka | first = Zdeněk | title = Znaky a vlajky Moravy a Slezska, in: Sborník z konference MORAVA 1918 | url = https://is.muni.cz/repo/1570777/Znaky_Moravy_a_Slezska.pdf | publisher = KEY Publishing s.r.o. | location = Ostrava | chapter = | pages = 58–73 | isbn = 978-80-7418-316-4 | language = cs | year = 2019 }}</ref>]] Vexillum Moraviense hunc statum non nactum est nisi annis MMII–MMIII, cum insignia et vexilla regionibus hodiernis assignata sunt, dimidio saeculo post abolitione systematis provincialis et introductionem systematis regionalis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Zákon č. 280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení | url = https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280#oddil1 | language = cs | accessdate = 2026-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250211142519/https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280/#oddil1 | archivedate = 2025-02-11 }}</ref> Hoc vexillum in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Vysočinae, Moraviae Meridionalis, Olomucensis et Zlìnensis, necnon in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Pardubicensis et Moravico-Silesiae incorporatur. Vexillum caeruleum est; in medio campo caeruleo est aquila quadratim disposita, alis albis et rubris, corona et armatura aurea ornata.<ref>{{cite book | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | publisher = Ministerstvo vnitra ČR | year = 2013 | language = cs }}</ref> Etiam hoc modo ineunte Martio anni MMXXIII a grege Legumlatrorum Parlamenti Reipublicae Bohemicae in rogatione propositum est, quae consilium insignium et vexillorum regionalium codificaret.<ref>{{cite web | title = Návrh poslanců Radka Vondráčka, Pavla Blažka, Petra Gazdíka, Lucie Šafránkové, Mariana Jurečky, Vlastimila Válka a dalších na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=225139 | language = cs}}</ref> Rogatio paulatim in ordine rerum agendarum complurium sessionum Camerae Deputatōrum inclusa est, sed ibi non disputata est. Rogatio, a Radeko Vondráček, legato, die XXII Ianuarii anno MMXXVI iterum proposita, non praescribit fines historicos regionum insignibus regionalibus notandos esse, sicut in rogatione priore statutum erat.<ref>{{cite web | title = Parlament České republiky. Poslanecká sněmovna. 10. volební období. 87/0. Návrh poslance Radka Vondráčka na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=267037 | language = cs }}</ref> Rogatio insignia et vexilla regionalia in legem aperte sancit, praescribens ut forma eorum ad insigne nationale conformetur, et cuilibet permittit ut iis utatur. Una tantum condicio est ut debita cum reverentia tractentur.<ref>{{cite web | title = ODok Portál. Zákon o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://odok.gov.cz/portal/veklep/material/KORNDQQNALEE/ | language = cs }}</ref> == Historia Vexilli Moravici == === Historia antiquissima === [[File:Nejstarší dochované barevné vyobrazení znaku markraběcí Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v Kremži.jpeg|thumb|Veterrima pictura colorata superstes armorum marchionatus Moraviae.]] Historia vexilli Moravici – vel, accuratius, insignis Moravici (quod, dissimile vexillo, perpetuo in alveo affigitur) – dives et varia est, quae saeculo tertio decimo coepit, cum rationes inter Boemiam et Moraviam ordinabantur ad monarchiam centralizatam a Przemysidis ultimis constituendam. Primum mentio vexilli Moravici colorumque eius invenitur in chronica Ottocari Styriae, quae ad finem saeculi duodecimi et initium saeculi quarti decimi pertinet. Haec est narratio proelii Kressenbrunnensis, quod die XII Iulii anno MCCLX factum est. Insignia Bohemiae et Moraviae in chronica [[Bela IV (rex Hungariae)|Belae IV]] a Iindrico Preisslero, comite castrorum eius, vive describuntur. Prae exercitu Bohemico progrediente ducebat [[Ottocarus II (rex Bohemiae)|Ottocarus II]], prope quem vexillum fluitabat, leone albo in velluto rubro insigni, et iuxta eum alterum vexillum, quod formam aquilae Moravicae quadratam rubro et albo coloribus monstrabat.<ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokars Österreichische Reimchronik (MGH Deutsche Chroniken V,1) |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000779/images/index.html?id=00000779&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=226 |accessdate=2016-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokar von Steiermark: 'Steirische Reimchronik' |url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke/602 |publisher=www.handschriftencensus.de |accessdate=2017-08-19 }}</ref> ''Hern Dietrich Spatzmanen'' ''sach man die banier leiten:'' ''in einem rȏten samît breiten'' ''was gewohrt ein lewe wîz.'' ''ouch heten ir baniere flîz,'' (Etiam illi suas vexilla habebant,) '''''die von Merhaeren wârn''':'' (qui ex Moravia venerunt:) '''''ein geschâchzabelten arn''''' (Aquila scaccata) '''''von rȏter und von wîzer varbe''''' (rubro et albo picta) '''''sach man ob in begarbe''''' (super eos plane conspicue) '''''waejen von dem winde.''''' (in vento fluitabat.)<ref>{{cite web | title = Nejstarší zmínka o praporu Moravy v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | url = http://moravskaorlice.blogspot.com/2014/09/nejstarsi-zminka-o-praporu-moravy-v.html | language = cs}}</ref> Postea, colores vexilli ex coloribus armorum derivati sunt.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> Ex regno Ottocari II, titulus Margravi Moraviae repraesentatur aquila argentea et rubra dammata, corona aurea et unguibus aureis ornata, ad dextram versa, in scuto caeruleo posita.<ref name="vojtisek21">{{cite book | last=Vojtíšek | first=Václav | title=Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher=Vesmír | place=Praha | year=1921 | page=21 | language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="Pícha - O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte">{{cite news | last = Pícha | first = František | title = O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte | url = | publisher = | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2010: Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2011 | volume = 15 (30) | year = 2011 | číslo = | počet_stran = 174 | pages = 7-32 | isbn = | language = česky }}</ref> Veterrima effigies aquilae scaccatae in Gozzoburg invenitur. Picturae in aula arcis localis [[Cremisa (urbs)|Cremsensis]] non post annum circiter MCCLXX (MCCLXIX) pictae sunt, aut cum nuper aedificata Capella Sanctae Catharinae (MCCLXVII) coniunguntur; utroque casu, post annum MCCLXII factae sunt. In aula insignes armorum Bohemiae, Moraviae, Austriae et Styriae apparent, sed insignia Carinthiae et Carniolae – quae Ottocarus II anno MCCLXIX hereditate accepit – absunt.<ref name="Pícha, Krejčík - Gozzoburg">{{cite news | last = Krejčík | first = Tomáš | last2 = Pícha | first2 = František | title = Český a moravský znak ve znakové galerii v Gozzoburgu v Kremsu | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2008 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2009 | volume = 13 (28) | year = 2009 | pages = 49-57 | issn = 0862-8963 | language = Czech }}</ref> [[File:Jošt Moravský, též Lucemburský -.jpg|thumb|left|Margravius [[Iodocus a Moravia]], vexillum aquila Moravica quadratim alba et rubra in Codice Gelnhausenensi (saeculo XIV/XV).]] Aquila scaccata insigne regionale Moraviae habetur saltem ex tempore Luxemburgense.<ref name="Adamová">{{cite book | last = Adamová | first = Karolina | title = K heraldické výzdobě Staroměstské mostecké věže. Právně historický pohled, in: Pražský sborník historický | publisher = Panorama | location = Praha | volume = 15 | year = 1982 | pages = 44–62 | language = cs }}</ref> Una ex antiquissimis imaginibus notis vexilli aquila Moravica insignis est illa in Codice Gelnhausen, quae imaginem Margravi Moraviae Iodocum monstrat, qui vexillum caeruleum tenet, aquila Moravica in campo albescente et rubescente scaccato, cum corona et armatura flava. (ut par est, sine scuto).<ref name="ruzek22" /> Kódex bol napísaný niekedy v poslednej tretine 14. až prvej tretine 15. storočia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gelnhausenův kodex (kodex A) - právní kniha. Jošt Lucemburský s moravským praporem v Jihlavské právní knize z roku 1407 na foliu 63r. | url = http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/index.php?direct=record&pid=AIPDIG-SOAJ__MESTSKASPRAV0TBA6E4-cs#search | language = cs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jihlavský archiv ukázal své nejvzácnější dokumenty, jinak nepřístupné | url = https://jihlava.idnes.cz/vzacne-dokumenty-jihlavskeho-archivu-dx1-/jihlava-zpravy.aspx?c=A121101_143951_jihlava-zpravy_mv | language = cs }}</ref> Charta armorum Imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]], data VII Decembris anno MCDLXII, quod, a Henrico de Lippa, Capitano Provinciali Moraviae et Marescallo Regni Bohemiae, ex incepto Ordinum Moravicorum editum est, documentum fuit quod, sub regno [[Georgius Podiebradensis|Georgii Podiebradensis]], primigenium colorem argenteum aquilae Moravicae mutavit, campis insigneis argenteis auro substitutis, ita novum insigne 'Ordinum' creans. ('color albus in glaucum sive aureum transmutetur' (Color albus in flavum vel aureum mutatus est)).<ref name="vojtisek222">{{cite book | last = Vojtíšek | first = Václav | title = Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher = Vesmír | location = Praha | pages = 22 | language = cs | year = 1921 }}</ref><ref name="Alexius Habrich, Iura primaeva Moraviae2">{{cite web | last = Habrich | first = Alexius (ed.) | title = Iura primaeva Moraviae | url = https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10542951_00038.html | location = Brno | pages = 38–42 | language = la | year = 1781 }}</ref><ref name="Josef Kalousek, Archiv český2">{{cite web | last = Kalousek | first = Josef (ed.) | title = Archiv český čili staré písemné památky české i moravské, svazek X | url = https://sources.cms.flu.cas.cz/src/index.php?s=v&action=jdi&cat=10&bookid=800&page=273&action_button.x=0&action_button.y=0 | location = Praha | pages = 273–274 | language = la | year = 1890 }}</ref><ref name="Berthold Bretholz2">{{cite book | last = Bretholz | first = Berthold | title = Das mährische Landesarchiv, Seine Geschichte, seine Bestände | location = Brno | pages = 124 | language = de la | year = 1908 }}</ref> Publicatio huius litterae exemplum est interventionis in res internas terrarum Bohemicarum, cum Fridericus III, ut Imperator Romanus Sanctus, eam statibus Moravicis concesserit. Tamen Moravia pars Coronae Bohemicae erat et, secundum leges a [[Carolus IV (imperator)|Carolo IV]] latas, rex Romanorum nullam potestatem habebat talis consilii capiendi, cum Moraviae res sub directa potestate Regis Bohemiae esset.<ref name="starha92">{{cite web | last = Štarha | first = Ivan | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka, in: Veřejná správa | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | year = 2013 | pages = 8–9 | language = cs }}</ref> Ex prospectu historico, plures versiones vexillorum Moravicorum exstiterunt, quae simul duabus aut tribus coloribus ex insignibus provincialibus derivatis adhibebantur, praesertim saeculo undevicesimo.<ref name="hlinomaz167">''Ke státní a zemské symbolice českého státu v období 1526–1918'', s. 167.</ref> [[File:Slavobrána postavená v Kuníně v roce 1845 u příležitosti návštěvy arcivévody Františka Karla, kolorovaná litografie.png|thumb|Porta caerimonialis Kunini anno MDCCCXLV exstructa ad visitationem Archducis Francisci Caroli commemorandam. Relatio eius temporis describit vexilla bicolora, nigrum et flavum et rubrum et album, in turribus vexata, tamquam colores et Austriacos et Moravicos provinciales.]] Initio saeculi undevicesimi, Moravia erat regio non autonoma, quae ab anno MDCCCIV pars [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperii Austriaci erat]], quod paulo ante finalem collapsum [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] constitutum erat. Erat una ex finibus Coronae dictis, a praeside provinciali gubernata. Regulis a regimine centrali Vindobonae edictis tenebatur. Ex tempore priore pauca indicia sunt usus colorum provincialium Moravicorum. Imperator Moraviae dux erat, et cum titulus Margravius unus tantum ex multis quos tenebat esset, ei certam imaginem visualem non requirebat. Quapropter, per paene totam primam partem saeculi undevicesimi, colores provinciales non eandem significationem habebant quam a medio illius saeculi deinceps habuerunt. Potestates corporum administrativorum statuum provinciales finitae erant. Non habebant auctoritatem nec repraesentandi nec repraesentari. Gubernatio provincialis sui iuris potestates satis amplas nonnisi promulgatione Constitutionis Decembris anno MDCCCLXI accepit, post quam singulae provinciae suas constitutiones sanxerunt. Tamen, neque hae neque ullum aliud instrumentum minoris vis legitimae colores vel vexilla provincialia designaverunt. Quamquam hae notiones saeculo undevicesimo exstiterunt, vocabula inania erant, id est, iure nec generaliter nec speciatim definita. Describendo igitur tempus ante annum MCMXVIII, non est rectum dicere "vexillum provinciale Marchionatus Moraviae fuisse bicolorem horizontalem flavam et rubram", cum in nullo instrumento legali ita definitum sit. Licetne simpliciter dicere "auctoritates provinciales rubrum et flavum ut colores provinciales inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuisse", an, si iustificari potest, 'ut vexillum provinciale Moraviae, magistratus provinciales bicolorem rubro et flavo inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuerunt'. [[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|thumb|right|In Ludovici Ritteri Dictionariolo Pochtario Diurnariis et Colloquiis (titulo Bohemico "Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konverzační"), anno MDCCCLI edito, haec de coloribus laqueorum dicuntur: "''Fasciculus est rosula aut laqueus rotundus qui in petaso aut paenula geritur ad significandam sententiam quandam, gentem, sodalitatem, municipium, et cetera. A mulieribus gestus, in capillo aut in pectore affigitur. Notae sunt insignes variorum motuum politicorum ab anno MDCCCXLVIII, praesertim Slavorum, '''rubri, albi et caerulei coloris''', deinde colores nigro-rubro-flavi partis Germanicae et eius variae controversiae. Vexillum Austro-Hungaricum, quod exercitus noster vehit, nigrum et flavum est; vexilla Bohemica et Polonica alba et rubra sunt; '''vexillum Moravicum vel etiam Bohemico-Moravicum; et deinde vexillum Slavorum Meridianorum, ut vexillum Slavorum'''. Fascis Rusinorum flavus et caeruleus est; Hungarorum et Polonorum revolutionariorum ruber, albus et viridis; Prussicus niger et albus est, et sic deinceps. Pragae, omnes fascis privatis sine ulla exceptione ab anno MDCCCXLVIIII interdicti sunt.''".]] Absentia ullius praescripti legis explicat cur 'vexilla provincialia' in scriptis huius aetatis variis modis depingantur. Plerumque auctor ea ex paucis vexillis reapse notis et regulis heraldicis, quae ad insignia pertinentia pertinent, derivabat. Quaestio peculiaris in Moravia saeculo undevicesimo fuit quod insigne Moraviense duabus formis exstabat. Descriptio eius historica et publice agnita armorum imperialium – qui per saecula in usu fuerant – erat aquila argentea et rubra alternis coloribus picta, cum corona et armatura aurea, in scuto caeruleo posita. Tamen, auctoritas ab Imperatore Friderico III concessa in diplomate die 7 Decembris 1462 edito, ut aquila scaccata aurea et rubra adhiberetur – quamquam haec compositio in usu non recepta est – adduxit, Postquam diploma in notitiam procuratorum administrationis provincialis Moravicae ad finem saeculorum XVIII et XIX pervenit – praesertim ab annis 1830 et 1840 – hoc ad auctos conatus administrationis provincialis adnotavit ut agnitio diplomatis ab Imperatore impetraretur. Et quamquam usus eius non publice agnitus est usque ad annum MCMXV, complures sententiae a magistratibus Vindobonensibus editae significabant eos non adversari usu exemplaris aureo et rubro quadratim dispositi in aquila. Quaestio igitur per saeculum undevicesimum fuit, utrum diploma validum, sed publice irritum, Friderici III praevaluerit insignibus Moraviae, quae usu historico probata et confirmata erant. Quaestio de coloribus provincialibus, ad quam pertinebat quaestio de forma vexilli provincialis (futuri), naturaliter a diversis sententiis de recta (valida) insigne provinciali affecta est.<ref name="Pícha - Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848">{{cite book | last = Pícha | first = František | title = Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848, in: Genealogické a heraldické informace 2017 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2018 | location = Brno | volume = 22 (37) | year = 2018 | pages = 40–41 | isbn = | language = cs }}</ref> Secundum quosdam auctores, vexillum Moravicum album, rubrum, caeruleumque est, fasciis horizontalibus eo ordine.<ref name="brozek50">{{cite book | last = Brožek | first = Aleš | title = Lexikon vlajek a znaků zemí světa | publisher = Kartografie | location = Praha | year = 2003 | pages = 50 | isbn = 8070117761 | language = cs }}</ref> Haec colorum coniunctio saeculo undevicesimo symbolum erat civium Moravicorum patriam amantium. <gallery> File:Modrobílá historická vlajka Moravy (1611).png|Vexillum historicum caeruleo et albo, memoratum iuxta vexillum caeruleum insigne provinciale Moraviae gerens ('insigne provinciale eiusdem marchionatus') in nuntiis anni MDCXII, qui adventum Pragam et coronationem Regis [[Matthias (imperator)|Mathiae II]] describunt. File:Red-white historical flag of Moravia (from the first half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Compositio colorum rubrorum et alborum, quae usque ad ineuntem saeculum vicesimum adhibita est. File:Red-white-blue historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Tricolōr ruber, albus, caeruleusque, qui adhibitus est in secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et in initio saeculi vicesimi.<ref name="Jan Havelka">{{Cite journal | last = Havelka | first = Jan | title = Erb a zemské barvy markkrabství moravského | journal = Komenský | access-date = 2015-12-15 | year = 1880 | number = 29 | pages = 454–455 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112042804044;view=1up;seq=463 | language = cs}}</ref><ref name="Orlice, časopis politický">{{Cite journal | title = O barvách praporů (8. 9. 1888) | journal = Orlice, časopis politický | location = Telč | year = 1888 | number = 19 | pages = Příloha Orlice k číslu 19 | language = cs}}</ref> File:Red-yellow historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century or from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Vexillum bicolore rubrum et flavum. Aliud ex vexillis historicis Moraviae a secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et ineunte saeculo vicesimo. </gallery> == Vexillum Moravicum inter vexilla regionalia == [[File:Moravská orlice.jpg|thumb|right|Vexillum historicum Moraviae]] <gallery> File:Flag of Pardubice Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Pardubiensis File:Flag of Vysocina Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Vysočinae File:Flag of Olomouc Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Olomucensis File:Flag of Moravian-Silesian Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Moravico-Silesiae File:Flag of Zlin Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Zlinensis </gallery> === Vexillum caeruleum aquila Moravica insignis === Relatio vexillologica de vexillo Moravio, quae submissa est Kalendis Iuniis MMXIII per peritos Subcommissionis de Heraldica et Vexillologia Camerae Deputatōrum Parlamenti Rei Publicae Bohemicae (subcommissionis Commissionis de Scientia, Educatione, Cultura, Iuventute et Educatione Physica) – Zbyšek Svoboda, Pavel Fojtík, Petr Exner et Praeses Societatis Vexillologicae Bohemicae, Jaroslav Martykán, vexillum et insignia Moraviae, in vetustissima forma sua quae memoriae prodita est, habentur historice aptissima, scilicet campum caeruleum gerentia aquilam quadratorum alborum et rubrorum.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> == Nexūs externi == {{Commonscat|Flags of Moravia|Vexillum Moraviae}} * [https://moravskavlajka.blogspot.com/ Moravská vlajka] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Vexilla]] [[Categoria:Moravia]] scjo5ty4o330ykl4l6orls1ybfuv18t 3974326 3974325 2026-07-24T22:18:02Z Grufo 64423 Alius fons fortasse 3974326 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata | fons = [[:cs:Moravská vlajka]] conferantur [[Specialis:PermanentLink/3974324|versio labens]] et [https://cs-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moravsk%C3%A1_vlajka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=la pagina ''Google'' translata]—aut [[:it:Bandiera della Moravia]]—[https://it-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandiera_della_Moravia?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=la pagina ''Google'' translata] | tempus = 2026-07-24 22:06:13 }} [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|thumb|Vexillum Moraviae, ut annis MMII–MMIII codificatum est. Vexillum historicum regionis Moravicae, constans ex campo caeruleo, qui aquilam rubro et albo damisatam cum corona et armis flavis gerit.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko">{{cite news | first=Zbyšek | last=Svoboda | first2=Pavel | last2=Fojtík | first3=Petr | last3=Exner | first4=Jaroslav | last4=Martykán | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3319, 3320 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url=http://www.vexilologie.cz/index2.php?a=000&n=0 | accessdate=2017-08-20 | id= }}</ref><ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského">{{cite news | first=František | last=Pícha | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3320–3324 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url= | accessdate= | id= }}</ref>]] '''Vexillum Moraviense''' est symbolum quo [[Moravia (terra) |Moravia]] repraesentatur. Prima depictio insignis provincialis Moraviae in vexillo – cum media aetate vexilla ex insignibus derivarentur – invenitur in vexillo marchionis, quod in Codice Gelnhausenensi anno MCDVII depictum est (aquila argentea et rubra, armatura aurea et corona aurea ornata, in campo caeruleo).<ref name="ruzek22">{{cite web | last = Růžek | first = Vladimír | title = Cesty k definici (nejen) moravského znaku a praporu, in: Veřejná správa, Nr. 10 | year = 2013 | pages = 20–22:22 | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/webpm/clanek/historicke-symboly.aspx | language = cs }}</ref> PPrima descriptio scripta re vera toto saeculo vetustior est. Nihilominus, neque Marchio Moraviae, neque Moravia, neque Moravia-Silesia umquam vexillum adoptavit aut per actum legitimum ut ens iuridicum instituit. Ex variis documentis historicis, delineationibus, descriptionibusque fundatum est, quorum usu nullum fundamentum iuridicum erat. Respublica Bohemica-Slovaca colores album vel argenteum in arma Moravica restituit (Lex 252/1920). Vexilla nationalia legibus posterioribus non reguntur (Leges 269/1936, 222/1939, 163/1960 et Legibus hodie validis 3/1993 et 352/2001 Collectionis Legum). Hodie, vexillum bicolore flavo et rubro, in medio insignia coloribus congruentibus praebens, interdum pro vexillo Moravio usurpatur, praesertim a quibusdam factionibus politicis, consociationibus aliisque organizationibus Moravis. [[File:Flag of South Moravian Region.svg|thumb|right|Vexillum Regionis Moraviae Meridionalis. Primum campum vexilli aquila Moravica ornatur. In quarta et ultima parte vexilli aquila est cum ornatu quadriato flavicoccineo, quae addita est ut symbolum reconciliationis et integrationis inter varios greges linguisticos, religiosos et ethnicos qui olim in Moravia Meridiana habitabant.<ref name="koudelka">{{cite book | last = Koudelka | first = Zdeněk | title = Znaky a vlajky Moravy a Slezska, in: Sborník z konference MORAVA 1918 | url = https://is.muni.cz/repo/1570777/Znaky_Moravy_a_Slezska.pdf | publisher = KEY Publishing s.r.o. | location = Ostrava | chapter = | pages = 58–73 | isbn = 978-80-7418-316-4 | language = cs | year = 2019 }}</ref>]] Vexillum Moraviense hunc statum non nactum est nisi annis MMII–MMIII, cum insignia et vexilla regionibus hodiernis assignata sunt, dimidio saeculo post abolitione systematis provincialis et introductionem systematis regionalis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Zákon č. 280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení | url = https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280#oddil1 | language = cs | accessdate = 2026-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250211142519/https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280/#oddil1 | archivedate = 2025-02-11 }}</ref> Hoc vexillum in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Vysočinae, Moraviae Meridionalis, Olomucensis et Zlìnensis, necnon in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Pardubicensis et Moravico-Silesiae incorporatur. Vexillum caeruleum est; in medio campo caeruleo est aquila quadratim disposita, alis albis et rubris, corona et armatura aurea ornata.<ref>{{cite book | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | publisher = Ministerstvo vnitra ČR | year = 2013 | language = cs }}</ref> Etiam hoc modo ineunte Martio anni MMXXIII a grege Legumlatrorum Parlamenti Reipublicae Bohemicae in rogatione propositum est, quae consilium insignium et vexillorum regionalium codificaret.<ref>{{cite web | title = Návrh poslanců Radka Vondráčka, Pavla Blažka, Petra Gazdíka, Lucie Šafránkové, Mariana Jurečky, Vlastimila Válka a dalších na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=225139 | language = cs}}</ref> Rogatio paulatim in ordine rerum agendarum complurium sessionum Camerae Deputatōrum inclusa est, sed ibi non disputata est. Rogatio, a Radeko Vondráček, legato, die XXII Ianuarii anno MMXXVI iterum proposita, non praescribit fines historicos regionum insignibus regionalibus notandos esse, sicut in rogatione priore statutum erat.<ref>{{cite web | title = Parlament České republiky. Poslanecká sněmovna. 10. volební období. 87/0. Návrh poslance Radka Vondráčka na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=267037 | language = cs }}</ref> Rogatio insignia et vexilla regionalia in legem aperte sancit, praescribens ut forma eorum ad insigne nationale conformetur, et cuilibet permittit ut iis utatur. Una tantum condicio est ut debita cum reverentia tractentur.<ref>{{cite web | title = ODok Portál. Zákon o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://odok.gov.cz/portal/veklep/material/KORNDQQNALEE/ | language = cs }}</ref> == Historia Vexilli Moravici == === Historia antiquissima === [[File:Nejstarší dochované barevné vyobrazení znaku markraběcí Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v Kremži.jpeg|thumb|Veterrima pictura colorata superstes armorum marchionatus Moraviae.]] Historia vexilli Moravici – vel, accuratius, insignis Moravici (quod, dissimile vexillo, perpetuo in alveo affigitur) – dives et varia est, quae saeculo tertio decimo coepit, cum rationes inter Boemiam et Moraviam ordinabantur ad monarchiam centralizatam a Przemysidis ultimis constituendam. Primum mentio vexilli Moravici colorumque eius invenitur in chronica Ottocari Styriae, quae ad finem saeculi duodecimi et initium saeculi quarti decimi pertinet. Haec est narratio proelii Kressenbrunnensis, quod die XII Iulii anno MCCLX factum est. Insignia Bohemiae et Moraviae in chronica [[Bela IV (rex Hungariae)|Belae IV]] a Iindrico Preisslero, comite castrorum eius, vive describuntur. Prae exercitu Bohemico progrediente ducebat [[Ottocarus II (rex Bohemiae)|Ottocarus II]], prope quem vexillum fluitabat, leone albo in velluto rubro insigni, et iuxta eum alterum vexillum, quod formam aquilae Moravicae quadratam rubro et albo coloribus monstrabat.<ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokars Österreichische Reimchronik (MGH Deutsche Chroniken V,1) |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000779/images/index.html?id=00000779&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=226 |accessdate=2016-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokar von Steiermark: 'Steirische Reimchronik' |url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke/602 |publisher=www.handschriftencensus.de |accessdate=2017-08-19 }}</ref> ''Hern Dietrich Spatzmanen'' ''sach man die banier leiten:'' ''in einem rȏten samît breiten'' ''was gewohrt ein lewe wîz.'' ''ouch heten ir baniere flîz,'' (Etiam illi suas vexilla habebant,) '''''die von Merhaeren wârn''':'' (qui ex Moravia venerunt:) '''''ein geschâchzabelten arn''''' (Aquila scaccata) '''''von rȏter und von wîzer varbe''''' (rubro et albo picta) '''''sach man ob in begarbe''''' (super eos plane conspicue) '''''waejen von dem winde.''''' (in vento fluitabat.)<ref>{{cite web | title = Nejstarší zmínka o praporu Moravy v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | url = http://moravskaorlice.blogspot.com/2014/09/nejstarsi-zminka-o-praporu-moravy-v.html | language = cs}}</ref> Postea, colores vexilli ex coloribus armorum derivati sunt.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> Ex regno Ottocari II, titulus Margravi Moraviae repraesentatur aquila argentea et rubra dammata, corona aurea et unguibus aureis ornata, ad dextram versa, in scuto caeruleo posita.<ref name="vojtisek21">{{cite book | last=Vojtíšek | first=Václav | title=Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher=Vesmír | place=Praha | year=1921 | page=21 | language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="Pícha - O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte">{{cite news | last = Pícha | first = František | title = O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte | url = | publisher = | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2010: Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2011 | volume = 15 (30) | year = 2011 | číslo = | počet_stran = 174 | pages = 7-32 | isbn = | language = česky }}</ref> Veterrima effigies aquilae scaccatae in Gozzoburg invenitur. Picturae in aula arcis localis [[Cremisa (urbs)|Cremsensis]] non post annum circiter MCCLXX (MCCLXIX) pictae sunt, aut cum nuper aedificata Capella Sanctae Catharinae (MCCLXVII) coniunguntur; utroque casu, post annum MCCLXII factae sunt. In aula insignes armorum Bohemiae, Moraviae, Austriae et Styriae apparent, sed insignia Carinthiae et Carniolae – quae Ottocarus II anno MCCLXIX hereditate accepit – absunt.<ref name="Pícha, Krejčík - Gozzoburg">{{cite news | last = Krejčík | first = Tomáš | last2 = Pícha | first2 = František | title = Český a moravský znak ve znakové galerii v Gozzoburgu v Kremsu | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2008 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2009 | volume = 13 (28) | year = 2009 | pages = 49-57 | issn = 0862-8963 | language = Czech }}</ref> [[File:Jošt Moravský, též Lucemburský -.jpg|thumb|left|Margravius [[Iodocus a Moravia]], vexillum aquila Moravica quadratim alba et rubra in Codice Gelnhausenensi (saeculo XIV/XV).]] Aquila scaccata insigne regionale Moraviae habetur saltem ex tempore Luxemburgense.<ref name="Adamová">{{cite book | last = Adamová | first = Karolina | title = K heraldické výzdobě Staroměstské mostecké věže. Právně historický pohled, in: Pražský sborník historický | publisher = Panorama | location = Praha | volume = 15 | year = 1982 | pages = 44–62 | language = cs }}</ref> Una ex antiquissimis imaginibus notis vexilli aquila Moravica insignis est illa in Codice Gelnhausen, quae imaginem Margravi Moraviae Iodocum monstrat, qui vexillum caeruleum tenet, aquila Moravica in campo albescente et rubescente scaccato, cum corona et armatura flava. (ut par est, sine scuto).<ref name="ruzek22" /> Kódex bol napísaný niekedy v poslednej tretine 14. až prvej tretine 15. storočia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gelnhausenův kodex (kodex A) - právní kniha. Jošt Lucemburský s moravským praporem v Jihlavské právní knize z roku 1407 na foliu 63r. | url = http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/index.php?direct=record&pid=AIPDIG-SOAJ__MESTSKASPRAV0TBA6E4-cs#search | language = cs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jihlavský archiv ukázal své nejvzácnější dokumenty, jinak nepřístupné | url = https://jihlava.idnes.cz/vzacne-dokumenty-jihlavskeho-archivu-dx1-/jihlava-zpravy.aspx?c=A121101_143951_jihlava-zpravy_mv | language = cs }}</ref> Charta armorum Imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]], data VII Decembris anno MCDLXII, quod, a Henrico de Lippa, Capitano Provinciali Moraviae et Marescallo Regni Bohemiae, ex incepto Ordinum Moravicorum editum est, documentum fuit quod, sub regno [[Georgius Podiebradensis|Georgii Podiebradensis]], primigenium colorem argenteum aquilae Moravicae mutavit, campis insigneis argenteis auro substitutis, ita novum insigne 'Ordinum' creans. ('color albus in glaucum sive aureum transmutetur' (Color albus in flavum vel aureum mutatus est)).<ref name="vojtisek222">{{cite book | last = Vojtíšek | first = Václav | title = Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher = Vesmír | location = Praha | pages = 22 | language = cs | year = 1921 }}</ref><ref name="Alexius Habrich, Iura primaeva Moraviae2">{{cite web | last = Habrich | first = Alexius (ed.) | title = Iura primaeva Moraviae | url = https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10542951_00038.html | location = Brno | pages = 38–42 | language = la | year = 1781 }}</ref><ref name="Josef Kalousek, Archiv český2">{{cite web | last = Kalousek | first = Josef (ed.) | title = Archiv český čili staré písemné památky české i moravské, svazek X | url = https://sources.cms.flu.cas.cz/src/index.php?s=v&action=jdi&cat=10&bookid=800&page=273&action_button.x=0&action_button.y=0 | location = Praha | pages = 273–274 | language = la | year = 1890 }}</ref><ref name="Berthold Bretholz2">{{cite book | last = Bretholz | first = Berthold | title = Das mährische Landesarchiv, Seine Geschichte, seine Bestände | location = Brno | pages = 124 | language = de la | year = 1908 }}</ref> Publicatio huius litterae exemplum est interventionis in res internas terrarum Bohemicarum, cum Fridericus III, ut Imperator Romanus Sanctus, eam statibus Moravicis concesserit. Tamen Moravia pars Coronae Bohemicae erat et, secundum leges a [[Carolus IV (imperator)|Carolo IV]] latas, rex Romanorum nullam potestatem habebat talis consilii capiendi, cum Moraviae res sub directa potestate Regis Bohemiae esset.<ref name="starha92">{{cite web | last = Štarha | first = Ivan | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka, in: Veřejná správa | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | year = 2013 | pages = 8–9 | language = cs }}</ref> Ex prospectu historico, plures versiones vexillorum Moravicorum exstiterunt, quae simul duabus aut tribus coloribus ex insignibus provincialibus derivatis adhibebantur, praesertim saeculo undevicesimo.<ref name="hlinomaz167">''Ke státní a zemské symbolice českého státu v období 1526–1918'', s. 167.</ref> [[File:Slavobrána postavená v Kuníně v roce 1845 u příležitosti návštěvy arcivévody Františka Karla, kolorovaná litografie.png|thumb|Porta caerimonialis Kunini anno MDCCCXLV exstructa ad visitationem Archducis Francisci Caroli commemorandam. Relatio eius temporis describit vexilla bicolora, nigrum et flavum et rubrum et album, in turribus vexata, tamquam colores et Austriacos et Moravicos provinciales.]] Initio saeculi undevicesimi, Moravia erat regio non autonoma, quae ab anno MDCCCIV pars [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperii Austriaci erat]], quod paulo ante finalem collapsum [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] constitutum erat. Erat una ex finibus Coronae dictis, a praeside provinciali gubernata. Regulis a regimine centrali Vindobonae edictis tenebatur. Ex tempore priore pauca indicia sunt usus colorum provincialium Moravicorum. Imperator Moraviae dux erat, et cum titulus Margravius unus tantum ex multis quos tenebat esset, ei certam imaginem visualem non requirebat. Quapropter, per paene totam primam partem saeculi undevicesimi, colores provinciales non eandem significationem habebant quam a medio illius saeculi deinceps habuerunt. Potestates corporum administrativorum statuum provinciales finitae erant. Non habebant auctoritatem nec repraesentandi nec repraesentari. Gubernatio provincialis sui iuris potestates satis amplas nonnisi promulgatione Constitutionis Decembris anno MDCCCLXI accepit, post quam singulae provinciae suas constitutiones sanxerunt. Tamen, neque hae neque ullum aliud instrumentum minoris vis legitimae colores vel vexilla provincialia designaverunt. Quamquam hae notiones saeculo undevicesimo exstiterunt, vocabula inania erant, id est, iure nec generaliter nec speciatim definita. Describendo igitur tempus ante annum MCMXVIII, non est rectum dicere "vexillum provinciale Marchionatus Moraviae fuisse bicolorem horizontalem flavam et rubram", cum in nullo instrumento legali ita definitum sit. Licetne simpliciter dicere "auctoritates provinciales rubrum et flavum ut colores provinciales inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuisse", an, si iustificari potest, 'ut vexillum provinciale Moraviae, magistratus provinciales bicolorem rubro et flavo inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuerunt'. [[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|thumb|right|In Ludovici Ritteri Dictionariolo Pochtario Diurnariis et Colloquiis (titulo Bohemico "Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konverzační"), anno MDCCCLI edito, haec de coloribus laqueorum dicuntur: "''Fasciculus est rosula aut laqueus rotundus qui in petaso aut paenula geritur ad significandam sententiam quandam, gentem, sodalitatem, municipium, et cetera. A mulieribus gestus, in capillo aut in pectore affigitur. Notae sunt insignes variorum motuum politicorum ab anno MDCCCXLVIII, praesertim Slavorum, '''rubri, albi et caerulei coloris''', deinde colores nigro-rubro-flavi partis Germanicae et eius variae controversiae. Vexillum Austro-Hungaricum, quod exercitus noster vehit, nigrum et flavum est; vexilla Bohemica et Polonica alba et rubra sunt; '''vexillum Moravicum vel etiam Bohemico-Moravicum; et deinde vexillum Slavorum Meridianorum, ut vexillum Slavorum'''. Fascis Rusinorum flavus et caeruleus est; Hungarorum et Polonorum revolutionariorum ruber, albus et viridis; Prussicus niger et albus est, et sic deinceps. Pragae, omnes fascis privatis sine ulla exceptione ab anno MDCCCXLVIIII interdicti sunt.''".]] Absentia ullius praescripti legis explicat cur 'vexilla provincialia' in scriptis huius aetatis variis modis depingantur. Plerumque auctor ea ex paucis vexillis reapse notis et regulis heraldicis, quae ad insignia pertinentia pertinent, derivabat. Quaestio peculiaris in Moravia saeculo undevicesimo fuit quod insigne Moraviense duabus formis exstabat. Descriptio eius historica et publice agnita armorum imperialium – qui per saecula in usu fuerant – erat aquila argentea et rubra alternis coloribus picta, cum corona et armatura aurea, in scuto caeruleo posita. Tamen, auctoritas ab Imperatore Friderico III concessa in diplomate die 7 Decembris 1462 edito, ut aquila scaccata aurea et rubra adhiberetur – quamquam haec compositio in usu non recepta est – adduxit, Postquam diploma in notitiam procuratorum administrationis provincialis Moravicae ad finem saeculorum XVIII et XIX pervenit – praesertim ab annis 1830 et 1840 – hoc ad auctos conatus administrationis provincialis adnotavit ut agnitio diplomatis ab Imperatore impetraretur. Et quamquam usus eius non publice agnitus est usque ad annum MCMXV, complures sententiae a magistratibus Vindobonensibus editae significabant eos non adversari usu exemplaris aureo et rubro quadratim dispositi in aquila. Quaestio igitur per saeculum undevicesimum fuit, utrum diploma validum, sed publice irritum, Friderici III praevaluerit insignibus Moraviae, quae usu historico probata et confirmata erant. Quaestio de coloribus provincialibus, ad quam pertinebat quaestio de forma vexilli provincialis (futuri), naturaliter a diversis sententiis de recta (valida) insigne provinciali affecta est.<ref name="Pícha - Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848">{{cite book | last = Pícha | first = František | title = Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848, in: Genealogické a heraldické informace 2017 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2018 | location = Brno | volume = 22 (37) | year = 2018 | pages = 40–41 | isbn = | language = cs }}</ref> Secundum quosdam auctores, vexillum Moravicum album, rubrum, caeruleumque est, fasciis horizontalibus eo ordine.<ref name="brozek50">{{cite book | last = Brožek | first = Aleš | title = Lexikon vlajek a znaků zemí světa | publisher = Kartografie | location = Praha | year = 2003 | pages = 50 | isbn = 8070117761 | language = cs }}</ref> Haec colorum coniunctio saeculo undevicesimo symbolum erat civium Moravicorum patriam amantium. <gallery> File:Modrobílá historická vlajka Moravy (1611).png|Vexillum historicum caeruleo et albo, memoratum iuxta vexillum caeruleum insigne provinciale Moraviae gerens ('insigne provinciale eiusdem marchionatus') in nuntiis anni MDCXII, qui adventum Pragam et coronationem Regis [[Matthias (imperator)|Mathiae II]] describunt. File:Red-white historical flag of Moravia (from the first half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Compositio colorum rubrorum et alborum, quae usque ad ineuntem saeculum vicesimum adhibita est. File:Red-white-blue historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Tricolōr ruber, albus, caeruleusque, qui adhibitus est in secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et in initio saeculi vicesimi.<ref name="Jan Havelka">{{Cite journal | last = Havelka | first = Jan | title = Erb a zemské barvy markkrabství moravského | journal = Komenský | access-date = 2015-12-15 | year = 1880 | number = 29 | pages = 454–455 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112042804044;view=1up;seq=463 | language = cs}}</ref><ref name="Orlice, časopis politický">{{Cite journal | title = O barvách praporů (8. 9. 1888) | journal = Orlice, časopis politický | location = Telč | year = 1888 | number = 19 | pages = Příloha Orlice k číslu 19 | language = cs}}</ref> File:Red-yellow historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century or from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Vexillum bicolore rubrum et flavum. Aliud ex vexillis historicis Moraviae a secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et ineunte saeculo vicesimo. </gallery> == Vexillum Moravicum inter vexilla regionalia == [[File:Moravská orlice.jpg|thumb|right|Vexillum historicum Moraviae]] <gallery> File:Flag of Pardubice Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Pardubiensis File:Flag of Vysocina Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Vysočinae File:Flag of Olomouc Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Olomucensis File:Flag of Moravian-Silesian Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Moravico-Silesiae File:Flag of Zlin Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Zlinensis </gallery> === Vexillum caeruleum aquila Moravica insignis === Relatio vexillologica de vexillo Moravio, quae submissa est Kalendis Iuniis MMXIII per peritos Subcommissionis de Heraldica et Vexillologia Camerae Deputatōrum Parlamenti Rei Publicae Bohemicae (subcommissionis Commissionis de Scientia, Educatione, Cultura, Iuventute et Educatione Physica) – Zbyšek Svoboda, Pavel Fojtík, Petr Exner et Praeses Societatis Vexillologicae Bohemicae, Jaroslav Martykán, vexillum et insignia Moraviae, in vetustissima forma sua quae memoriae prodita est, habentur historice aptissima, scilicet campum caeruleum gerentia aquilam quadratorum alborum et rubrorum.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> == Nexūs externi == {{Commonscat|Flags of Moravia|Vexillum Moraviae}} * [https://moravskavlajka.blogspot.com/ Moravská vlajka] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Vexilla]] [[Categoria:Moravia]] a325nkz2qwvw0mv0j8yy70cc1b2pa95 3974441 3974326 2026-07-25T11:04:07Z Pavel Fric 72468 Moravia terra 3974441 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Pagina autotranslata | fons = [[:cs:Moravská vlajka]] conferantur [[Specialis:PermanentLink/3974324|versio labens]] et [https://cs-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moravsk%C3%A1_vlajka?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=la pagina ''Google'' translata]—aut [[:it:Bandiera della Moravia]]—[https://it-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bandiera_della_Moravia?_x_tr_sl=it&_x_tr_tl=la pagina ''Google'' translata] | tempus = 2026-07-24 22:06:13 }} [[File:Banner of arms of Moravia.svg|thumb|Vexillum Moraviae, ut annis MMII–MMIII codificatum est. Vexillum historicum regionis Moravicae, constans ex campo caeruleo, qui aquilam rubro et albo damisatam cum corona et armis flavis gerit.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko">{{cite news | first=Zbyšek | last=Svoboda | first2=Pavel | last2=Fojtík | first3=Petr | last3=Exner | first4=Jaroslav | last4=Martykán | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Odborné vexilologické stanovisko k moravské vlajce | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3319, 3320 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url=http://www.vexilologie.cz/index2.php?a=000&n=0 | accessdate=2017-08-20 | id= }}</ref><ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského">{{cite news | first=František | last=Pícha | authorlink= | coauthors= | title=Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | booktitle=Vexilologie. Zpravodaj České vexilologické společnosti, o.s. č. 169 | pages=3320–3324 | publisher=Česká vexilologická společnost | date=2013 | location=Brno | url= | accessdate= | id= }}</ref>]] '''Vexillum Moraviense''' est symbolum quo [[Moravia (terra) |Moravia]] repraesentatur. Prima depictio insignis provincialis Moraviae in vexillo – cum media aetate vexilla ex insignibus derivarentur – invenitur in vexillo marchionis, quod in Codice Gelnhausenensi anno MCDVII depictum est (aquila argentea et rubra, armatura aurea et corona aurea ornata, in campo caeruleo).<ref name="ruzek22">{{cite web | last = Růžek | first = Vladimír | title = Cesty k definici (nejen) moravského znaku a praporu, in: Veřejná správa, Nr. 10 | year = 2013 | pages = 20–22:22 | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/webpm/clanek/historicke-symboly.aspx | language = cs }}</ref> PPrima descriptio scripta re vera toto saeculo vetustior est. Nihilominus, neque Marchio Moraviae, neque Moravia, neque Moravia-Silesia umquam vexillum adoptavit aut per actum legitimum ut ens iuridicum instituit. Ex variis documentis historicis, delineationibus, descriptionibusque fundatum est, quorum usu nullum fundamentum iuridicum erat. Respublica Bohemica-Slovaca colores album vel argenteum in arma Moravica restituit (Lex 252/1920). Vexilla nationalia legibus posterioribus non reguntur (Leges 269/1936, 222/1939, 163/1960 et Legibus hodie validis 3/1993 et 352/2001 Collectionis Legum). Hodie, vexillum bicolore flavo et rubro, in medio insignia coloribus congruentibus praebens, interdum pro vexillo Moravio usurpatur, praesertim a quibusdam factionibus politicis, consociationibus aliisque organizationibus Moravis. [[File:Flag of South Moravian Region.svg|thumb|right|Vexillum Regionis Moraviae Meridionalis. Primum campum vexilli aquila Moravica ornatur. In quarta et ultima parte vexilli aquila est cum ornatu quadriato flavicoccineo, quae addita est ut symbolum reconciliationis et integrationis inter varios greges linguisticos, religiosos et ethnicos qui olim in Moravia Meridiana habitabant.<ref name="koudelka">{{cite book | last = Koudelka | first = Zdeněk | title = Znaky a vlajky Moravy a Slezska, in: Sborník z konference MORAVA 1918 | url = https://is.muni.cz/repo/1570777/Znaky_Moravy_a_Slezska.pdf | publisher = KEY Publishing s.r.o. | location = Ostrava | chapter = | pages = 58–73 | isbn = 978-80-7418-316-4 | language = cs | year = 2019 }}</ref>]] Vexillum Moraviense hunc statum non nactum est nisi annis MMII–MMIII, cum insignia et vexilla regionibus hodiernis assignata sunt, dimidio saeculo post abolitione systematis provincialis et introductionem systematis regionalis.<ref>{{cite web | title = Zákon č. 280/1948 Sb. Zákon o krajském zřízení | url = https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280#oddil1 | language = cs | accessdate = 2026-07-22 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20250211142519/https://www.zakonyprolidi.cz/cs/1948-280/#oddil1 | archivedate = 2025-02-11 }}</ref> Hoc vexillum in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Vysočinae, Moraviae Meridionalis, Olomucensis et Zlìnensis, necnon in partem superiorem vexillorum regionum Pardubicensis et Moravico-Silesiae incorporatur. Vexillum caeruleum est; in medio campo caeruleo est aquila quadratim disposita, alis albis et rubris, corona et armatura aurea ornata.<ref>{{cite book | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | publisher = Ministerstvo vnitra ČR | year = 2013 | language = cs }}</ref> Etiam hoc modo ineunte Martio anni MMXXIII a grege Legumlatrorum Parlamenti Reipublicae Bohemicae in rogatione propositum est, quae consilium insignium et vexillorum regionalium codificaret.<ref>{{cite web | title = Návrh poslanců Radka Vondráčka, Pavla Blažka, Petra Gazdíka, Lucie Šafránkové, Mariana Jurečky, Vlastimila Válka a dalších na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=225139 | language = cs}}</ref> Rogatio paulatim in ordine rerum agendarum complurium sessionum Camerae Deputatōrum inclusa est, sed ibi non disputata est. Rogatio, a Radeko Vondráček, legato, die XXII Ianuarii anno MMXXVI iterum proposita, non praescribit fines historicos regionum insignibus regionalibus notandos esse, sicut in rogatione priore statutum erat.<ref>{{cite web | title = Parlament České republiky. Poslanecká sněmovna. 10. volební období. 87/0. Návrh poslance Radka Vondráčka na vydání zákona o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://www.psp.cz/sqw/text/orig2.sqw?idd=267037 | language = cs }}</ref> Rogatio insignia et vexilla regionalia in legem aperte sancit, praescribens ut forma eorum ad insigne nationale conformetur, et cuilibet permittit ut iis utatur. Una tantum condicio est ut debita cum reverentia tractentur.<ref>{{cite web | title = ODok Portál. Zákon o zemských znacích a vlajkách | url = https://odok.gov.cz/portal/veklep/material/KORNDQQNALEE/ | language = cs }}</ref> == Historia Vexilli Moravici == === Historia antiquissima === [[File:Nejstarší dochované barevné vyobrazení znaku markraběcí Moravy, hrad Gozzoburg v Kremži.jpeg|thumb|Veterrima pictura colorata superstes armorum marchionatus Moraviae.]] Historia vexilli Moravici – vel, accuratius, insignis Moravici (quod, dissimile vexillo, perpetuo in alveo affigitur) – dives et varia est, quae saeculo tertio decimo coepit, cum rationes inter Boemiam et Moraviam ordinabantur ad monarchiam centralizatam a Przemysidis ultimis constituendam. Primum mentio vexilli Moravici colorumque eius invenitur in chronica Ottocari Styriae, quae ad finem saeculi duodecimi et initium saeculi quarti decimi pertinet. Haec est narratio proelii Kressenbrunnensis, quod die XII Iulii anno MCCLX factum est. Insignia Bohemiae et Moraviae in chronica [[Bela IV (rex Hungariae)|Belae IV]] a Iindrico Preisslero, comite castrorum eius, vive describuntur. Prae exercitu Bohemico progrediente ducebat [[Ottocarus II (rex Bohemiae)|Ottocarus II]], prope quem vexillum fluitabat, leone albo in velluto rubro insigni, et iuxta eum alterum vexillum, quod formam aquilae Moravicae quadratam rubro et albo coloribus monstrabat.<ref name="Znaky a prapory v kronice Ottokara Štýrského" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokars Österreichische Reimchronik (MGH Deutsche Chroniken V,1) |url=http://daten.digitale-sammlungen.de/~db/bsb00000779/images/index.html?id=00000779&groesser=&fip=193.174.98.30&no=&seite=226 |accessdate=2016-07-07}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Ottokar von Steiermark: 'Steirische Reimchronik' |url=http://www.handschriftencensus.de/werke/602 |publisher=www.handschriftencensus.de |accessdate=2017-08-19 }}</ref> ''Hern Dietrich Spatzmanen'' ''sach man die banier leiten:'' ''in einem rȏten samît breiten'' ''was gewohrt ein lewe wîz.'' ''ouch heten ir baniere flîz,'' (Etiam illi suas vexilla habebant,) '''''die von Merhaeren wârn''':'' (qui ex Moravia venerunt:) '''''ein geschâchzabelten arn''''' (Aquila scaccata) '''''von rȏter und von wîzer varbe''''' (rubro et albo picta) '''''sach man ob in begarbe''''' (super eos plane conspicue) '''''waejen von dem winde.''''' (in vento fluitabat.)<ref>{{cite web | title = Nejstarší zmínka o praporu Moravy v kronice Ottokara Štýrského | url = http://moravskaorlice.blogspot.com/2014/09/nejstarsi-zminka-o-praporu-moravy-v.html | language = cs}}</ref> Postea, colores vexilli ex coloribus armorum derivati sunt.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> Ex regno Ottocari II, titulus Margravi Moraviae repraesentatur aquila argentea et rubra dammata, corona aurea et unguibus aureis ornata, ad dextram versa, in scuto caeruleo posita.<ref name="vojtisek21">{{cite book | last=Vojtíšek | first=Václav | title=Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher=Vesmír | place=Praha | year=1921 | page=21 | language=Czech}}</ref><ref name="Pícha - O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte">{{cite news | last = Pícha | first = František | title = O klenotu znaku moravského markraběte | url = | publisher = | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2010: Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2011 | volume = 15 (30) | year = 2011 | číslo = | počet_stran = 174 | pages = 7-32 | isbn = | language = česky }}</ref> Veterrima effigies aquilae scaccatae in Gozzoburg invenitur. Picturae in aula arcis localis [[Cremisa (urbs)|Cremsensis]] non post annum circiter MCCLXX (MCCLXIX) pictae sunt, aut cum nuper aedificata Capella Sanctae Catharinae (MCCLXVII) coniunguntur; utroque casu, post annum MCCLXII factae sunt. In aula insignes armorum Bohemiae, Moraviae, Austriae et Styriae apparent, sed insignia Carinthiae et Carniolae – quae Ottocarus II anno MCCLXIX hereditate accepit – absunt.<ref name="Pícha, Krejčík - Gozzoburg">{{cite news | last = Krejčík | first = Tomáš | last2 = Pícha | first2 = František | title = Český a moravský znak ve znakové galerii v Gozzoburgu v Kremsu | location = Brno | booktitle = Genealogické a heraldické informace 2008 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2009 | volume = 13 (28) | year = 2009 | pages = 49-57 | issn = 0862-8963 | language = Czech }}</ref> [[File:Jošt Moravský, též Lucemburský -.jpg|thumb|left|Margravius [[Iodocus a Moravia]], vexillum aquila Moravica quadratim alba et rubra in Codice Gelnhausenensi (saeculo XIV/XV).]] Aquila scaccata insigne Moraviae terrae habetur saltem ex tempore Luxemburgense.<ref name="Adamová">{{cite book | last = Adamová | first = Karolina | title = K heraldické výzdobě Staroměstské mostecké věže. Právně historický pohled, in: Pražský sborník historický | publisher = Panorama | location = Praha | volume = 15 | year = 1982 | pages = 44–62 | language = cs }}</ref> Una ex antiquissimis imaginibus notis vexilli aquila Moravica insignis est illa in Codice Gelnhausen, quae imaginem Margravi Moraviae Iodocum monstrat, qui vexillum caeruleum tenet, aquila Moravica in campo albescente et rubescente scaccato, cum corona et armatura flava. (ut par est, sine scuto).<ref name="ruzek22" /> Kódex bol napísaný niekedy v poslednej tretine 14. až prvej tretine 15. storočia.<ref>{{cite web | title = Gelnhausenův kodex (kodex A) - právní kniha. Jošt Lucemburský s moravským praporem v Jihlavské právní knize z roku 1407 na foliu 63r. | url = http://www.manuscriptorium.com/apps/index.php?direct=record&pid=AIPDIG-SOAJ__MESTSKASPRAV0TBA6E4-cs#search | language = cs }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Jihlavský archiv ukázal své nejvzácnější dokumenty, jinak nepřístupné | url = https://jihlava.idnes.cz/vzacne-dokumenty-jihlavskeho-archivu-dx1-/jihlava-zpravy.aspx?c=A121101_143951_jihlava-zpravy_mv | language = cs }}</ref> Charta armorum Imperatoris [[Fridericus III|Friderici III]], data VII Decembris anno MCDLXII, quod, a Henrico de Lippa, Capitano Provinciali Moraviae et Marescallo Regni Bohemiae, ex incepto Ordinum Moravicorum editum est, documentum fuit quod, sub regno [[Georgius Podiebradensis|Georgii Podiebradensis]], primigenium colorem argenteum aquilae Moravicae mutavit, campis insigneis argenteis auro substitutis, ita novum insigne 'Ordinum' creans. ('color albus in glaucum sive aureum transmutetur' (Color albus in flavum vel aureum mutatus est)).<ref name="vojtisek222">{{cite book | last = Vojtíšek | first = Václav | title = Naše státní znaky (staré a nynější) | publisher = Vesmír | location = Praha | pages = 22 | language = cs | year = 1921 }}</ref><ref name="Alexius Habrich, Iura primaeva Moraviae2">{{cite web | last = Habrich | first = Alexius (ed.) | title = Iura primaeva Moraviae | url = https://reader.digitale-sammlungen.de/de/fs1/object/display/bsb10542951_00038.html | location = Brno | pages = 38–42 | language = la | year = 1781 }}</ref><ref name="Josef Kalousek, Archiv český2">{{cite web | last = Kalousek | first = Josef (ed.) | title = Archiv český čili staré písemné památky české i moravské, svazek X | url = https://sources.cms.flu.cas.cz/src/index.php?s=v&action=jdi&cat=10&bookid=800&page=273&action_button.x=0&action_button.y=0 | location = Praha | pages = 273–274 | language = la | year = 1890 }}</ref><ref name="Berthold Bretholz2">{{cite book | last = Bretholz | first = Berthold | title = Das mährische Landesarchiv, Seine Geschichte, seine Bestände | location = Brno | pages = 124 | language = de la | year = 1908 }}</ref> Publicatio huius litterae exemplum est interventionis in res internas terrarum Bohemicarum, cum Fridericus III, ut Imperator Romanus Sanctus, eam statibus Moravicis concesserit. Tamen Moravia pars Coronae Bohemicae erat et, secundum leges a [[Carolus IV (imperator)|Carolo IV]] latas, rex Romanorum nullam potestatem habebat talis consilii capiendi, cum Moraviae res sub directa potestate Regis Bohemiae esset.<ref name="starha92">{{cite web | last = Štarha | first = Ivan | title = Historie, moravské barvy a moravská vlajka, in: Veřejná správa | url = https://www.mvcr.cz/clanek/historie-moravske-barvy-a-moravska-vlajka.aspx | year = 2013 | pages = 8–9 | language = cs }}</ref> Ex prospectu historico, plures versiones vexillorum Moravicorum exstiterunt, quae simul duabus aut tribus coloribus ex insignibus provincialibus derivatis adhibebantur, praesertim saeculo undevicesimo.<ref name="hlinomaz167">''Ke státní a zemské symbolice českého státu v období 1526–1918'', s. 167.</ref> [[File:Slavobrána postavená v Kuníně v roce 1845 u příležitosti návštěvy arcivévody Františka Karla, kolorovaná litografie.png|thumb|Porta caerimonialis Kunini anno MDCCCXLV exstructa ad visitationem Archducis Francisci Caroli commemorandam. Relatio eius temporis describit vexilla bicolora, nigrum et flavum et rubrum et album, in turribus vexata, tamquam colores et Austriacos et Moravicos provinciales.]] Initio saeculi undevicesimi, Moravia erat regio non autonoma, quae ab anno MDCCCIV pars [[Imperium Austriacum|Imperii Austriaci erat]], quod paulo ante finalem collapsum [[Sacrum Romanum Imperium|Sacri Romani Imperii]] constitutum erat. Erat una ex finibus Coronae dictis, a praeside provinciali gubernata. Regulis a regimine centrali Vindobonae edictis tenebatur. Ex tempore priore pauca indicia sunt usus colorum provincialium Moravicorum. Imperator Moraviae dux erat, et cum titulus Margravius unus tantum ex multis quos tenebat esset, ei certam imaginem visualem non requirebat. Quapropter, per paene totam primam partem saeculi undevicesimi, colores provinciales non eandem significationem habebant quam a medio illius saeculi deinceps habuerunt. Potestates corporum administrativorum statuum provinciales finitae erant. Non habebant auctoritatem nec repraesentandi nec repraesentari. Gubernatio provincialis sui iuris potestates satis amplas nonnisi promulgatione Constitutionis Decembris anno MDCCCLXI accepit, post quam singulae provinciae suas constitutiones sanxerunt. Tamen, neque hae neque ullum aliud instrumentum minoris vis legitimae colores vel vexilla provincialia designaverunt. Quamquam hae notiones saeculo undevicesimo exstiterunt, vocabula inania erant, id est, iure nec generaliter nec speciatim definita. Describendo igitur tempus ante annum MCMXVIII, non est rectum dicere "vexillum provinciale Marchionatus Moraviae fuisse bicolorem horizontalem flavam et rubram", cum in nullo instrumento legali ita definitum sit. Licetne simpliciter dicere "auctoritates provinciales rubrum et flavum ut colores provinciales inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuisse", an, si iustificari potest, 'ut vexillum provinciale Moraviae, magistratus provinciales bicolorem rubro et flavo inter annos MDCCCXLVIII et MCMXVIII adhibuerunt'. [[File:Cockade of Moravia, the historical land of the Czech Republic, red-white-blue.svg|thumb|right|In Ludovici Ritteri Dictionariolo Pochtario Diurnariis et Colloquiis (titulo Bohemico "Kapesní slovníček novinářský a konverzační"), anno MDCCCLI edito, haec de coloribus laqueorum dicuntur: "''Fasciculus est rosula aut laqueus rotundus qui in petaso aut paenula geritur ad significandam sententiam quandam, gentem, sodalitatem, municipium, et cetera. A mulieribus gestus, in capillo aut in pectore affigitur. Notae sunt insignes variorum motuum politicorum ab anno MDCCCXLVIII, praesertim Slavorum, '''rubri, albi et caerulei coloris''', deinde colores nigro-rubro-flavi partis Germanicae et eius variae controversiae. Vexillum Austro-Hungaricum, quod exercitus noster vehit, nigrum et flavum est; vexilla Bohemica et Polonica alba et rubra sunt; '''vexillum Moravicum vel etiam Bohemico-Moravicum; et deinde vexillum Slavorum Meridianorum, ut vexillum Slavorum'''. Fascis Rusinorum flavus et caeruleus est; Hungarorum et Polonorum revolutionariorum ruber, albus et viridis; Prussicus niger et albus est, et sic deinceps. Pragae, omnes fascis privatis sine ulla exceptione ab anno MDCCCXLVIIII interdicti sunt.''".]] Absentia ullius praescripti legis explicat cur 'vexilla provincialia' in scriptis huius aetatis variis modis depingantur. Plerumque auctor ea ex paucis vexillis reapse notis et regulis heraldicis, quae ad insignia pertinentia pertinent, derivabat. Quaestio peculiaris in Moravia saeculo undevicesimo fuit quod insigne Moraviense duabus formis exstabat. Descriptio eius historica et publice agnita armorum imperialium – qui per saecula in usu fuerant – erat aquila argentea et rubra alternis coloribus picta, cum corona et armatura aurea, in scuto caeruleo posita. Tamen, auctoritas ab Imperatore Friderico III concessa in diplomate die 7 Decembris 1462 edito, ut aquila scaccata aurea et rubra adhiberetur – quamquam haec compositio in usu non recepta est – adduxit, Postquam diploma in notitiam procuratorum administrationis provincialis Moravicae ad finem saeculorum XVIII et XIX pervenit – praesertim ab annis 1830 et 1840 – hoc ad auctos conatus administrationis provincialis adnotavit ut agnitio diplomatis ab Imperatore impetraretur. Et quamquam usus eius non publice agnitus est usque ad annum MCMXV, complures sententiae a magistratibus Vindobonensibus editae significabant eos non adversari usu exemplaris aureo et rubro quadratim dispositi in aquila. Quaestio igitur per saeculum undevicesimum fuit, utrum diploma validum, sed publice irritum, Friderici III praevaluerit insignibus Moraviae, quae usu historico probata et confirmata erant. Quaestio de coloribus provincialibus, ad quam pertinebat quaestio de forma vexilli provincialis (futuri), naturaliter a diversis sententiis de recta (valida) insigne provinciali affecta est.<ref name="Pícha - Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848">{{cite book | last = Pícha | first = František | title = Moravské barvy a vlajky v revolučním roce 1848, in: Genealogické a heraldické informace 2017 : Moravská genealogická a heraldická společnost, o. s. 2018 | location = Brno | volume = 22 (37) | year = 2018 | pages = 40–41 | isbn = | language = cs }}</ref> Secundum quosdam auctores, vexillum Moravicum album, rubrum, caeruleumque est, fasciis horizontalibus eo ordine.<ref name="brozek50">{{cite book | last = Brožek | first = Aleš | title = Lexikon vlajek a znaků zemí světa | publisher = Kartografie | location = Praha | year = 2003 | pages = 50 | isbn = 8070117761 | language = cs }}</ref> Haec colorum coniunctio saeculo undevicesimo symbolum erat civium Moravicorum patriam amantium. <gallery> File:Modrobílá historická vlajka Moravy (1611).png|Vexillum historicum caeruleo et albo, memoratum iuxta vexillum caeruleum insigne provinciale Moraviae gerens ('insigne provinciale eiusdem marchionatus') in nuntiis anni MDCXII, qui adventum Pragam et coronationem Regis [[Matthias (imperator)|Mathiae II]] describunt. File:Red-white historical flag of Moravia (from the first half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Compositio colorum rubrorum et alborum, quae usque ad ineuntem saeculum vicesimum adhibita est. File:Red-white-blue historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Tricolōr ruber, albus, caeruleusque, qui adhibitus est in secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et in initio saeculi vicesimi.<ref name="Jan Havelka">{{Cite journal | last = Havelka | first = Jan | title = Erb a zemské barvy markkrabství moravského | journal = Komenský | access-date = 2015-12-15 | year = 1880 | number = 29 | pages = 454–455 | url = http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112042804044;view=1up;seq=463 | language = cs}}</ref><ref name="Orlice, časopis politický">{{Cite journal | title = O barvách praporů (8. 9. 1888) | journal = Orlice, časopis politický | location = Telč | year = 1888 | number = 19 | pages = Příloha Orlice k číslu 19 | language = cs}}</ref> File:Red-yellow historical flag of Moravia (from the middle of the 19th century or from the 2nd half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century).svg|Vexillum bicolore rubrum et flavum. Aliud ex vexillis historicis Moraviae a secunda parte saeculi undevicesimi et ineunte saeculo vicesimo. </gallery> == Vexillum Moravicum inter vexilla regionalia == [[File:Moravská orlice.jpg|thumb|right|Vexillum historicum Moraviae]] <gallery> File:Flag of Pardubice Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Pardubiensis File:Flag of Vysocina Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Vysočinae File:Flag of Olomouc Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Olomucensis File:Flag of Moravian-Silesian Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Moravico-Silesiae File:Flag of Zlin Region.svg|Vexillum Regionis Zlinensis </gallery> === Vexillum caeruleum aquila Moravica insignis === Relatio vexillologica de vexillo Moravio, quae submissa est Kalendis Iuniis MMXIII per peritos Subcommissionis de Heraldica et Vexillologia Camerae Deputatōrum Parlamenti Rei Publicae Bohemicae (subcommissionis Commissionis de Scientia, Educatione, Cultura, Iuventute et Educatione Physica) – Zbyšek Svoboda, Pavel Fojtík, Petr Exner et Praeses Societatis Vexillologicae Bohemicae, Jaroslav Martykán, vexillum et insignia Moraviae, in vetustissima forma sua quae memoriae prodita est, habentur historice aptissima, scilicet campum caeruleum gerentia aquilam quadratorum alborum et rubrorum.<ref name="Odborné vexilologické stanovisko" /> == Nexūs externi == {{Commonscat|Flags of Moravia|Vexillum Moraviae}} * [https://moravskavlajka.blogspot.com/ Moravská vlajka] == Notae == <references/> [[Categoria:Vexilla]] [[Categoria:Moravia]] gs84c9f4rvldqufmnllel2ghdslx7u1 10 326899 3974329 2026-07-24T22:29:32Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3974329 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#time:{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{forma|}}} | machinaria = YmdHis | #default = Y-m-d H:i:s }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|la}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> g1wbrsb6tjlffejwbfzpu4219r3tung 3974330 3974329 2026-07-24T22:29:49Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:T]] ad [[Formula:Tempus planum]]: Nomen plenum 3974329 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#time:{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{forma|}}} | machinaria = YmdHis | #default = Y-m-d H:i:s }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|la}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> g1wbrsb6tjlffejwbfzpu4219r3tung 3974332 3974330 2026-07-24T22:45:36Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Tempus planum]] ad [[Formula:T]] praeter redirectionem: Ad prius nomen reversus sum 3974329 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#time:{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{forma|}}} | machinaria = YmdHis | #default = Y-m-d H:i:s }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|la}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> g1wbrsb6tjlffejwbfzpu4219r3tung 3974334 3974332 2026-07-24T22:45:59Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:T]] ad [[Formula:Tempus forma plana]]: Nomen plenum 3974329 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly>{{safesubst:<noinclude />Substitutio requisita | propositum = {{{propositum|}}} | 1 = {{safesubst:<noinclude />#time:{{safesubst:<noinclude />#switch:{{{forma|}}} | machinaria = YmdHis | #default = Y-m-d H:i:s }}|{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | {{{1|}}} | {{safesubst:<noinclude />REVISIONTIMESTAMP}} }}|la}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> g1wbrsb6tjlffejwbfzpu4219r3tung 10 326901 3974333 2026-07-24T22:45:36Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:Tempus planum]] ad [[Formula:T]] praeter redirectionem: Ad prius nomen reversus sum 3974333 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Formula:T]] g1xhs8cmo11oa55of3p63ew45k1qoo7 3974336 3974333 2026-07-24T22:46:16Z Grufo 64423 Duplam redirectionem correxi 3974336 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Formula:Tempus forma plana]] j4lbscbgid42zskhdjafphe9roeze2b 10 326902 3974335 2026-07-24T22:45:59Z Grufo 64423 Grufo movit paginam [[Formula:T]] ad [[Formula:Tempus forma plana]]: Nomen plenum 3974335 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Formula:Tempus forma plana]] j4lbscbgid42zskhdjafphe9roeze2b 10 326903 3974337 2026-07-24T22:46:39Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3974337 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula semper substituenda|...|inspectio=propria}} {{Compendia substitutionis|t}} Haec [[Auxilium:Substitutio|substitutio]] tempus formā planā scribit. Sine argumentis est via brevis ad sequentem vicitextum scribendum: <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:#time:Y-m-d H:i:s|{{subst:REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}|la}}</syntaxhighlight>. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:t}}</syntaxhighlight> seu <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:t|{{subst:REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Tempus planum|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:t|now + 1 week}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Tempus planum|now + 1 week|propositum=exhibitio}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{subst:t|2026-07-24 22:31:49|forma=machinaria}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Tempus planum|2026-07-24 22:31:49|forma=machinaria|propositum=exhibitio}} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec substitutio tempus formā planā scribit | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Tempus | descriptio 1 = Tempus secundum syntaxin quam iussus mediavicialis <nowiki>{{#time:...}}</nowiki> intellegit | forma 1 = textualis | praesentia 1 = voluntaria | omissio 1 = <nowiki>{{subst:REVISIONTIMESTAMP}}</nowiki> | nomen 2 = forma | titulus 2 = Forma | descriptio 2 = Forma temporis—scribe ‘machinaria’ ad formam ‘YmdHis’ indicandam; scribe ‘humana’ vel omitte ad formam ‘Y-m-d H:i:s’ indicandam | forma 2 = textualis | praesentia 2 = voluntaria | omissio 2 = Y-m-d H:i:s }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * {{Fn|Dies planus}} * {{Fn|Dies planus 3}} * {{Fn|Tempus}} * {{Fn|Dies}} * {{Fn|Circa anno}} * {{Fn|Nota temporis}} * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23time|#time]]:...&#125;&#125; et &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions#.23timel|#timel]]:...&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * &#123;&#123;[[:mw:Help:Magic words#CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN|CURRENTMONTHNAMEGEN]]&#125;&#125; – iussus MediaVici (documentatio Anglica) * {{Fn|Indicium ostentum}} * {{Fn|Indicium tacitum}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae temporales|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 5gqcd5puabdjouz2ch1drb50qfcx77r 0 326904 3974353 2026-07-24T23:45:23Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Harthicis montibus]] ad [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974353 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Aquae Lauterbergenses in Montibus Harthicis]] m53mc3fjshr17xqtgq6hlg2g4o1o84z 0 326905 3974365 2026-07-25T00:23:16Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Petrimons]] 3974365 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Petrimons]] npcx550627t4qh7fqseo3zambrmrbst 0 326906 3974367 2026-07-25T00:26:50Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Redirigens ad [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis]] 3974367 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Circulus Hamelensis et Petrimontensis]] 8rsauzq19n1u21i1uni5o1o5yt3nttr 0 326907 3974373 2026-07-25T00:52:38Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bad Salzdetfurth]] ad [[Salzdetfordium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974373 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Salzdetfordium]] 3wc8t8uii4z44fm6wwmoy3lxp5teyd9 0 326908 3974388 2026-07-25T01:25:15Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Bahrdorf]] ad [[Bardorpium]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974388 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Bardorpium]] 03cgnfrg34a3keyhdikju922c5l4slf 10 326909 3974396 2026-07-25T02:02:55Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3974396 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">[{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> set2fh2n3o40d2illswmhf616rqw4i7 3974399 3974396 2026-07-25T02:07:14Z Grufo 64423 +‘|dumtaxat=’ 3974399 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">[{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> f72aqtvx8infdffsmy6wjty30peodij 3974408 3974399 2026-07-25T02:18:25Z Grufo 64423 3974408 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">[{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| with_value_matching|^[,%s%d]$| with_value_not_matching|^%s*$| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span></includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 4kelu9u4xz3r1qzx5hm9bigjmwh7opf 3974409 3974408 2026-07-25T02:24:05Z Grufo 64423 3974409 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| with_value_matching|^[,%s%d]$| with_value_not_matching|^%s*$| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> f2056c8e2lrkxhwk393tr8eicrwz5bk 3974410 3974409 2026-07-25T02:25:18Z Grufo 64423 3974410 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| with_value_matching|^[,%s%d]+$| with_value_not_matching|^%s*$| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_not_matching||strict| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> hs74ziv972losg4nzgyathngb5xcbjy 3974411 3974410 2026-07-25T02:26:37Z Grufo 64423 3974411 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_matching|^%d+$| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 84jr99d6pqmgby8rfr5fzta03npl4sp 3974413 3974411 2026-07-25T02:31:21Z Grufo 64423 3974413 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_matching|^%d+$| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|naturally|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> lsxzkff840rmw3ayfrad1fov7lwnyrg 3974414 3974413 2026-07-25T02:31:45Z Grufo 64423 3974414 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|ns| providing|ns|0| reinterpreting|ns|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_matching|^%d+$| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 84jr99d6pqmgby8rfr5fzta03npl4sp 3974418 3974414 2026-07-25T02:51:17Z Grufo 64423 ‘|ns=’ → ‘|intra=’ 3974418 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|intra| providing|intra|0| reinterpreting|intra|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_matching|^%d+$| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| entering_substack|new| recalling|1| trimming_values| mapping_by_magic|urlencode|let|2|QUERY| reassigning|1|search|rename| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special%3ASearch| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 5mhzmxwd1m9o4icuq52oletotyexzoh 3974420 3974418 2026-07-25T03:07:17Z Grufo 64423 3974420 wikitext text/x-wiki <includeonly><span class="plainlinks">{{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{1|}}} | [{{safesubst:<noinclude />#invoke:params|new| recalling|intra| providing|intra|0| reinterpreting|intra|trim_all|splitter_string|,|setter_string|| with_value_matching|^%d+$| mixing_names_and_values|ns$@|1| imposing|search|{{safesubst:<noinclude />urlencode:{{{1}}}|QUERY}}| entering_substack|new| recalling|ordo| reassigning|ordo|sort|rename| mapping_by_replacing|%s+|-| mapping_by_magic|#switch| let|secundum-creationem|create_timestamp_desc| let|secundum-recensionem|last_edit_desc| let|secundum-nomen|title_natural_asc| let|#default|DELENDA| with_value_not_matching|DELENDA|strict| merging_substack| entering_substack|new| recalling|dumtaxat| with_value_matching|^%d+$| reassigning|dumtaxat|limit|rename| merging_substack| imposing|profile|advanced| imposing|fulltext|1| combining|2|i/p|&|{{safesubst:<noinclude />=}}| imposing|1|Special:Search| concat_and_magic|fullurl }} {{safesubst:<noinclude />#if:{{{2|}}} | {{{2}}} | Quaerere }}]</span> | {{Error|Error: Textus abest.}} }}</includeonly><noinclude>{{Documentatio}}</noinclude> 4p7vujuo97c9wdvf9bgmgln8og8p4h0 0 326910 3974398 2026-07-25T02:03:40Z Cyprianus Marcus 66550 Cyprianus Marcus movit paginam [[Baltrum]] ad [[Baltrumum]]: Nomen Latinum vel Latinizatum inventum. Vide notam 3974398 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Baltrumum]] ozvr95drh02xwy2yd0yudr2707xxjah 10 326911 3974416 2026-07-25T02:46:18Z Grufo 64423 Prima adumbratio 3974416 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | ns = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | ns = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat. | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Textus | descriptio 1 = Textus quaerendus | praesentia 1 = necessaria | exemplum 1 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | forma 1 = textualis | titulus 2 = Ostendenda | descriptio 2 = Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur) | praesentia 2 = suasa | omissio 2 = Quaerere | exemplum 2 = Nunc quaerere | forma 2 = textualis | nomen 3 = ns | titulus 3 = Spatia nominalia | descriptio 3 = Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” ostendetur) | praesentia 3 = voluntaria | omissio 3 = 0 | exemplum 3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829 | forma 3 = textualis | nomen 4 = dumtaxat | titulus 4 = Dumtaxat | descriptio 4 = Quot paginae ostendendae sint | praesentia 4 = voluntaria | exemplum 4 = 500 | forma 4 = numeralis | nomen 5 = ordo | titulus 5 = Ordo | descriptio 5 = Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte | praesentia 5 = voluntaria | exemplum 5 = secundum recensionem | forma 5 = textualis }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> mfrxgsjtjrv6r61bwnpa3caqoli6eb2 3974417 3974416 2026-07-25T02:47:12Z Grufo 64423 3974417 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Lua|Params}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|ns=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | ns = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | ns = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat. | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Textus | descriptio 1 = Textus quaerendus | praesentia 1 = necessaria | exemplum 1 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | forma 1 = textualis | titulus 2 = Ostendenda | descriptio 2 = Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur) | praesentia 2 = suasa | omissio 2 = Quaerere | exemplum 2 = Nunc quaerere | forma 2 = textualis | nomen 3 = ns | titulus 3 = Spatia nominalia | descriptio 3 = Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” ostendetur) | praesentia 3 = voluntaria | omissio 3 = 0 | exemplum 3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829 | forma 3 = textualis | nomen 4 = dumtaxat | titulus 4 = Dumtaxat | descriptio 4 = Quot paginae ostendendae sint | praesentia 4 = voluntaria | exemplum 4 = 500 | forma 4 = numeralis | nomen 5 = ordo | titulus 5 = Ordo | descriptio 5 = Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte | praesentia 5 = voluntaria | exemplum 5 = secundum recensionem | forma 5 = textualis }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> j75qj7w8c1pzfleb5n1zzttpro7tznv 3974419 3974417 2026-07-25T02:52:09Z Grufo 64423 3974419 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Lua|Params}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,100,101,118,119,710,711,829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat. | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Textus | descriptio 1 = Textus quaerendus | praesentia 1 = necessaria | exemplum 1 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | forma 1 = textualis | titulus 2 = Ostendenda | descriptio 2 = Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur) | praesentia 2 = suasa | omissio 2 = Quaerere | exemplum 2 = Nunc quaerere | forma 2 = textualis | nomen 3 = intra | titulus 3 = Spatia nominalia | descriptio 3 = Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” ostendetur) | praesentia 3 = voluntaria | omissio 3 = 0 | exemplum 3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829 | forma 3 = textualis | nomen 4 = dumtaxat | titulus 4 = Dumtaxat | descriptio 4 = Quot paginae ostendendae sint | praesentia 4 = voluntaria | exemplum 4 = 500 | forma 4 = numeralis | nomen 5 = ordo | titulus 5 = Ordo | descriptio 5 = Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte | praesentia 5 = voluntaria | exemplum 5 = secundum recensionem | forma 5 = textualis }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> ig6itf08h30rql7zy99swfhvuwmw300 3974421 3974419 2026-07-25T03:07:44Z Grufo 64423 3974421 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Lua|Params}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat. | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Textus | descriptio 1 = Textus quaerendus | praesentia 1 = necessaria | exemplum 1 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | forma 1 = textualis | titulus 2 = Ostendenda | descriptio 2 = Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur) | praesentia 2 = suasa | omissio 2 = Quaerere | exemplum 2 = Nunc quaerere | forma 2 = textualis | nomen 3 = intra | titulus 3 = Spatia nominalia | descriptio 3 = Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” ostendetur) | praesentia 3 = voluntaria | omissio 3 = 0 | exemplum 3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829 | forma 3 = textualis | nomen 4 = dumtaxat | titulus 4 = Dumtaxat | descriptio 4 = Quot paginae ostendendae sint | praesentia 4 = voluntaria | exemplum 4 = 500 | forma 4 = numeralis | nomen 5 = ordo | titulus 5 = Ordo | descriptio 5 = Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte | praesentia 5 = voluntaria | exemplum 5 = secundum recensionem | forma 5 = textualis }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 3noid3xi6fccmoboitp5y2mbvo6c3jd 3974422 3974421 2026-07-25T03:16:19Z Grufo 64423 /* De argumentis */ 3974422 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Lua|Params}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == {{De formula adhibenda | summarium = Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat. | dispositio = horizontalis | titulus 1 = Textus | descriptio 1 = Textus quaerendus | praesentia 1 = necessaria | exemplum 1 = Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres | forma 1 = textualis | titulus 2 = Ostendenda | descriptio 2 = Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur) | praesentia 2 = suasa | omissio 2 = Quaerere | exemplum 2 = Nunc quaerere | forma 2 = textualis | nomen 3 = intra | titulus 3 = Spatia nominalia | descriptio 3 = Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” legetur) | praesentia 3 = voluntaria | omissio 3 = 0 | exemplum 3 = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829 | forma 3 = textualis | nomen 4 = dumtaxat | titulus 4 = Dumtaxat | descriptio 4 = Quot paginae ostendendae sint | praesentia 4 = voluntaria | exemplum 4 = 500 | forma 4 = numeralis | nomen 5 = ordo | titulus 5 = Ordo | descriptio 5 = Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte | praesentia 5 = voluntaria | exemplum 5 = secundum recensionem | forma 5 = textualis }} == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> 0guf4xj9qdbchtx2fvbmw0kkst5nue5 3974423 3974422 2026-07-25T03:17:26Z Grufo 64423 {{[[Formula:De formula adhibenda|de formula adhibenda]]}} → {{[[Formula:De formula adhibenda|subst:de formula adhibenda]]}} 3974423 wikitext text/x-wiki {{Subpagina documentationis}} {{Formula substituibilis|...}} {{Lua|Params}} Haec formula nexum ad “[[Specialis:Quaerere]]” creat. == De usu == * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur}} * <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext" inline>{{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}}</syntaxhighlight> *: ↳ {{Nexus ad quaerendum|insource:/invoke:vicidata/i|Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur|intra=0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829|dumtaxat=500|ordo=secundum recensionem}} '''Vicitextus:''' <syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">{{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }}</syntaxhighlight> '''Effectus:''' {{Nexus ad quaerendum | insource:/invoke:vicidata/i | Ubi modulus “Vicidata” adhibeatur | intra = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 710, 711, 829 | dumtaxat = 500 | ordo = secundum recensionem }} == De argumentis == <templatedata>{ "description": "Haec formula nexum ad quaerendum creat.", "format": "inline", "params": { "1": { "description": "Textus quaerendus", "example": "Gallia est omnis divisa in partes tres", "label": "Textus", "required": true, "type": "string" }, "2": { "default": "Quaerere", "description": "Verba ostendenda (si omittitur “Quaerere” ostendetur)", "example": "Nunc quaerere", "label": "Ostendenda", "required": false, "suggested": true, "type": "string" }, "intra": { "default": "0", "description": "Spatia nominalia ubi quaerendum sit (si omittitur “0” legetur)", "example": "0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 100, 101, 118, 119, 828, 829", "label": "Spatia nominalia", "required": false, "type": "string" }, "dumtaxat": { "description": "Quot paginae ostendendae sint", "example": "500", "label": "Dumtaxat", "required": false, "type": "number" }, "ordo": { "description": "Scribe ‘secundum creationem’ aut ‘secundum recensionem’ aut ‘secundum nomen’ aut omitte", "example": "secundum recensionem", "label": "Ordo", "required": false, "type": "string" } } }</templatedata> == Ulteriora si cupis == * [[Specialis:Quaerere]] * {{Fn|Nexus cum parametris}} <includeonly>{{in harenario aut alibi|| <!-- Categorias sub hac linea adde --> [[Categoria:Formulae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae intra versum accommodandae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae administrationis Vicipaediae|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae nexuales|{{PAGENAME}}]] [[Categoria:Formulae de paginis specialibus|{{PAGENAME}}]] }}</includeonly> p2a0l6v6i2jmhstmphsrwfhlaa7znpm 0 326912 3974434 2026-07-25T08:59:02Z Andrew Dalby 1084 Redirigens ad [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]] 3974434 wikitext text/x-wiki #REDIRECT [[Epistola de insulis nuper inventis]] ps6eody2hycj8yhpjssvabsrrqkrub0